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Governing the Ungovernable: Contesting and Reworking REDD+ in Indonesia
Governing the ungovernable: contesting and reworking REDD+ in Indonesia Abidah B. Setyowati1 Australian National University, Australia Abstract Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation plus the role of conservation, sustainable forest management, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries (REDD+) has rapidly become a dominant approach in mitigating climate change. Building on the Foucauldian governmentality literature and drawing on a case study of Ulu Masen Project in Aceh, Indonesia, this article examines the practices of subject making through which REDD+ seeks to enroll local actors, a research area that remains relatively underexplored. It interrogates the ways in which local actors react, resist or maneuver within these efforts, as they negotiate multiple subject positions. Interviews and focus group discussions combined with an analysis of documents show that the subject making processes proceed at a complex conjuncture constituted and shaped by political, economic and ecological conditions within the context of Aceh. The findings also suggest that the agency of communities in engaging, negotiating and even contesting the REDD+ initiative is closely linked to the history of their prior engagement in conservation and development initiatives. Communities are empowered by their participation in REDD+, although not always in the ways expected by project implementers and conservation and development actors. Furthermore, communities' political agency cannot be understood by simply examining their resistance toward the initiative; these communities have also been skillful in playing multiple roles and negotiating different subjectivities depending on the situations they encounter. Keywords: REDD+, subject-making, agency, resistance, Indonesia, Aceh Résumé La réduction des émissions dues à la déforestation et à la dégradation des forêts (REDD +) est rapidement devenue une approche dominante pour atténuer le changement climatique. -
Belait District
BELAIT DISTRICT His Majesty Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu’izzaddin Waddaulah ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Haji Omar ‘Ali Saifuddien Sa’adul Khairi Waddien Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam ..................................................................................... Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu’izzaddin Waddaulah ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Haji Omar ‘Ali Saifuddien Sa’adul Khairi Waddien Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan Negara Brunei Darussalam BELAIT DISTRICT Published by English News Division Information Department Prime Minister’s Office Brunei Darussalam BB3510 The contents, generally, are based on information available in Brunei Darussalam Newsletter and Brunei Today First Edition 1988 Second Edition 2011 Editoriol Advisory Board/Sidang Redaksi Dr. Haji Muhammad Hadi bin Muhammad Melayong (hadi.melayong@ information.gov.bn) Hajah Noorashidah binti Haji Aliomar ([email protected]) Editor/Penyunting Sastra Sarini Haji Julaini ([email protected]) Sub Editor/Penolong Penyunting Hajah Noorhijrah Haji Idris (noorhijrah.idris @information.gov.bn) Text & Translation/Teks & Terjemahan Hajah Apsah Haji Sahdan ([email protected]) Layout/Reka Letak Hajah Apsah Haji Sahdan Proof reader/Penyemak Hajah Norpisah Md. Salleh ([email protected]) Map of Brunei/Peta Brunei Haji Roslan bin Haji Md. Daud ([email protected]) Photos/Foto Photography & Audio Visual Division of Information Department / Bahagian Fotografi -
Kamu Terim Bankası
TÜRKÇE-İNGİLİZCE Kamu Terim Ban•ka•sı Kamu kurumlarının istifadesine yönelik Türkçe-İngilizce Terim Bankası Term Bank for Public Institutions in Turkey Term Bank for use by public institutions in Turkish and English ktb.iletisim.gov.tr Kamu Terim Ban•ka•sı Kamu kurumlarının istifadesine yönelik Türkçe-İngilizce Terim Bankası Term Bank for Public Institutions in Turkey Term Bank for use by public institutions in Turkish and English © İLETİŞİM BAŞKANLIĞI • 2021 ISBN: 978-625-7779-95-1 Kamu Terim Bankası © 2021 CUMHURBAŞKANLIĞI İLETİŞİM BAŞKANLIĞI YAYINLARI Yayıncı Sertifika No: 45482 1. Baskı, İstanbul, 2021 İletişim Kızılırmak Mahallesi Mevlana Bulv. No:144 Çukurambar Ankara/TÜRKİYE T +90 312 590 20 00 | [email protected] Baskı Prestij Grafik Rek. ve Mat. San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. T 0 212 489 40 63, İstanbul Matbaa Sertifika No: 45590 Takdim Türkiye’nin uluslararası sahada etkili ve nitelikli temsili, 2023 hedeflerine kararlılıkla yürüyen ülkemiz için hayati öneme sahiptir. Türkiye, Sayın Cumhurbaşkanımız Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’ın liderliğinde ortaya koyduğu insani, ahlaki, vicdani tutum ve politikalar ile her daim barıştan yana olduğunu tüm dünyaya göstermiştir. Bölgesinde istikrar ve barışın sürekliliğinin sağlanması için büyük çaba sarf eden Türkiye’nin haklı davasının kamuoylarına doğru ve tutarlı bir şekilde anlatılması gerekmektedir. Bu çerçevede kamu kurumları başta olmak üzere tüm sektörlerde çeviri söylem birliğini sağlamak ve ifadelerin yerinde kullanılmasını temin etmek büyük önem arz etmektedir. İletişim Başkanlığı, Devletimizin tüm kurumlarını kapsayacak ortak bir dil anlayışını merkeze alan, ulusal ve uluslararası düzeyde bütünlüklü bir iletişim stratejisi oluşturmayı kendisine misyon edinmiştir. Bu doğrultuda Başkanlığımız kamu sektöründe yürütülen çeviri faaliyetlerinde ortak bir dil oluşturmak, söylem birliğini sağlamak ve çeviri süreçlerini hızlandırmak amacıyla çeşitli çalışmalar yapmaktadır. -
Friday Morning, 6 December 2013 Union Square 23/24, 9:00 A.M
FRIDAY MORNING, 6 DECEMBER 2013 UNION SQUARE 23/24, 9:00 A.M. TO 10:45 A.M. Session 5aAB Animal Bioacoustics: Animal Hearing and Vocalization Michael A. Stocker, Chair Ocean Conservation Research, P.O. Box 559, Lagunitas, CA 94938 Contributed Papers 9:00 9:30 5aAB1. A comparison of acoustic and visual metrics of sperm whale 5aAB3. Psychophysical studies of hearing in sea otters (Enhydra lutris). longline depredation. Aaron Thode (SIO, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Dr., MC Asila Ghoul and Colleen Reichmuth (Inst. of Marine Sci., Long Marine 0238, La Jolla, CA 92093-0238, [email protected]), Lauren Wild (Sitka Lab., Univ. of California Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Rd., Santa Cruz, CA Sound Sci. Ctr., Sitka, AK), Delphine Mathias (GIPSA Lab., Grenoble INP, 95060, [email protected]) St. Martin d’He`res, France), Janice Straley (Univ. of Alaska Southeast, The sensory biology of sea otters is of special interest, given their am- Sitka, AK), and Chris Lunsford (Auke Bay Labs., NOAA, Juneau, AK) phibious nature and their recent evolutionary transition from land to sea. Annual federal stock assessment surveys for Alaskan sablefish also However, little is known about the acoustic sense of sea otters, including attempt to measure sperm whale depredation by quantifying visual evidence sensitivity to airborne and underwater sound. In this study, we sought to of depredation, including lip remains and damaged fish. An alternate passive obtain direct measures of auditory function. We trained an adult-male south- acoustic method for quantifying depredation was investigated during the ern sea otter to participate in audiometric testing in an acoustic chamber and 2011 and 2012 survey hauls. -
Policy Notes March 2021
THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY MARCH 2021 POLICY NOTES NO. 100 In the Service of Ideology: Iran’s Religious and Socioeconomic Activities in Syria Oula A. Alrifai “Syria is the 35th province and a strategic province for Iran...If the enemy attacks and aims to capture both Syria and Khuzestan our priority would be Syria. Because if we hold on to Syria, we would be able to retake Khuzestan; yet if Syria were lost, we would not be able to keep even Tehran.” — Mehdi Taeb, commander, Basij Resistance Force, 2013* Taeb, 2013 ran’s policy toward Syria is aimed at providing strategic depth for the Pictured are the Sayyeda Tehran regime. Since its inception in 1979, the regime has coopted local Zainab shrine in Damascus, Syrian Shia religious infrastructure while also building its own. Through youth scouts, and a pro-Iran I proxy actors from Lebanon and Iraq based mainly around the shrine of gathering, at which the banner Sayyeda Zainab on the outskirts of Damascus, the Iranian regime has reads, “Sayyed Commander Khamenei: You are the leader of the Arab world.” *Quoted in Ashfon Ostovar, Vanguard of the Imam: Religion, Politics, and Iran’s Revolutionary Guards (2016). Khuzestan, in southwestern Iran, is the site of a decades-long separatist movement. OULA A. ALRIFAI IRAN’S RELIGIOUS AND SOCIOECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN SYRIA consolidated control over levers in various localities. against fellow Baathists in Damascus on November Beyond religious proselytization, these networks 13, 1970. At the time, Iran’s Shia clerics were in exile have provided education, healthcare, and social as Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi was still in control services, among other things. -
Mukim Concept As Government Administrators in Acehω
202 MUKIM CONCEPT AS GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATORS IN ACEHΩ Mukhlis Law Faculty of Malikussaleh University E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Mukim as administrators of Governance in Aceh was set by law and the qanun-qanun in Aceh, however be a resident of the organizing functions of governance have not been described in detail. This paper outlines the concept of Mukim as administrators in Aceh.The method used in this research is the study of normative law with specifications descriptive analytical study using normative juridical approach. Article 114 of Law No. 11 of 2006 shall be clearly stated that the governance is composed of government mukim and tuha peut or another name. Related functions, completeness/device,the process of selecting/filling positions and institutions in mukim level set in qanun district/city and urban areas or district/city capital does not have to be formed mukim . Key words: mukim, qanun, gampong Abstrak Mukim sebagai penyelenggara pemerintahan di Aceh sudah diatur dalam undang-undang dan qanun- qanun di Aceh, namun fungsi mukim dalam menyelenggarakan pemerintahan belum dijelaskan secara terperinci. Tulisan ini menguraikan konsep mukim sebagai penyelenggara pemerintahan di Aceh. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analitis yang menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Pasal 114 UU No. 11 Tahun 2006 perlu disebutkan dengan jelas bahwa Pemerintahan mukim terdiri dari pemerin- tah mukim dan tuha peut mukim atau nama lain. Terkait dengan fungsi, kelengkapan/perangkat, proses pemilihan/pengisian jabatan dan lembaga-lembaga di tingkat mukim diatur dalam qanun kabupaten/kota serta untuk daerah perkotaan atau ibukota kabupaten/kota tidak harus dibentuk mukim. -
Judging in God's Name
Judging in God’s Name 153 Oxford Journal of Law and Religion , Vol. 3, No. 1 (2014), pp. 152–167 doi:10.1093/ojlr/rwt035 religious state, at least for the 60% of Malaysian Muslims who are subject to Published Advance Access August 14, 2013 such rules and regulations. 4 Likewise, if secularism is understood as the strict separation of religion from governance, Malaysia appears to be the antithesis of Judging in God’s Name: State Power, a secular state. Few would disagree that aspects of religion and governance are intertwined Secularism, and the Politics of Islamic law in contemporary Malaysia, but the simple secular-versus-religious dichotomy tends to obfuscate the ways that religious law is transformed as a result of in Malaysia incorporation as state law. The imposition of select fragments of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) should not be understood as the implementation of an ‘Islamic’ system of governance, or the achievement of an ‘Islamic state’, for no such TAMIR MOUSTAFA* ideal-type exists.5 Instead, Malaysia provides a textbook example of how core principles in usul al-fiqh (Islamic legal theory) are subverted as a result of state Malaysia ranks sixth out of 175 countries worldwide in the degree of state appropriation. 6 Malaysia thus provides an important opportunity to rethink the regulation of religion. The Malaysian state enforces myriad rules and regulations in relationship between the state, secularism, and the politics of Islamic law. the name of Islam and claims a monopoly on the interpretation of Islamic law. This study proceeds in three parts. First, I provide the reader with a brief However, this should not be understood as the implementation of an ‘Islamic’ system of governance or the realization of an ‘Islamic state’. -
Gubernur Aceh Nomor 92 Tahun 2019430/06/2009
PERATURAN GUBERNUR ACEH NOMOR 92 TAHUN 2019430/06/2009 TENTANG PEDOMAN UMUM PENATAAN MUKIM DI ACEH DENGAN RAHMAT ALLAH YANG MAHA KUASA GUBERNUR ACEH, Menimbang : a. bahwa Mukim sebagai salah satu bentuk pemerintahan di Aceh diakui keberadaannya dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 44 Tahun 1999 tentang Penyelenggaraan Keistimewaan Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Aceh dan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2006 tentang Pemerintahan Aceh; b. bahwa dalam rangka efektivitas penataan mukim sebagai bagian kekhususan dan keistimewaan Aceh, perlu pedoman umum penataan Mukim di Aceh; c. bahwa berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 43 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2006 tentang Pemerintahan Aceh Gubernur dalam kedudukannya sebagai wakil pemerintah memiliki tugas dan wewenang mengkoordinasikan pembinaan dan pengawasan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan Kabupaten/Kota dan pembinaan penyelenggaraan kekhususan dan keistimewaan Aceh; d. bahwa berdasarkan pertimbangan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam huruf a, huruf b, dan huruf c, perlu menetapkan Peraturan Gubernur tentang Pedoman Umum Penataan Mukim di Aceh; Mengingat : 1. Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 1956 tentang Pembentukan Daerah Otonom Propinsi Atjeh dan Perubahan Pembentukan Propinsi Sumatera Utara (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1956 Nomor 64, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 1103); 2. Undang-Undang Nomor 44 Tahun 1999 tentang Penyelenggaraan Keistimewaan Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Aceh (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1999 Nomor 172 Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 3893); 3. Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2006 tentang Pemerintahan Aceh (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2006 Nomor 62, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 4633); 4. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 12 Tahun 2017 tentang Pembinaan dan Pengawasan Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Daerah (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2017 Nomor 73, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 6041); 5. -
Will Decentralization Work for the People and the Forests of Indonesia?
CHAPTER 7 CLOSER TO PEOPLE AND TREES: WILL DECENTRALIZATION WORK FOR THE PEOPLE AND THE FORESTS OF INDONESIA? Ida Aju Pradnja Resosudarmo Australian National University [email protected] or [email protected] Forthcoming in a special issue of the European Journal of Development Research Volume 16, Number 1, Spring 2004 Guest Editors: Jesse C. Ribot and Anne M. Larson Acknowledgments First prepared for the World Resources Institute Workshop on Decentralization and the Environment, Bellagio, Italy, 18-22 Feb, 2002. I am grateful to Anne Larson and Jesse Ribot for their extensive and detailed comments at various stages of the writing of this article. Comments from an anonymous reviewer were very helpful. Summary For over 30 years, Indonesia’s central government controlled its forests, the third largest area of tropical forests in the world. Driven by serious political, administrative, and economic demands for reforms, the central government has begun to decentralize, transferring new powers to the district and municipal levels. Decentralization in the forestry sector has included transferring income from permits, logging and reforestation fees, as well as the right for these lower levels of government to issue logging permits. This sudden, new access to Indonesia’s lucrative timber market has led local peoples and governments to rush to take advantage of a resource to which they previously had little right. The result has included the proliferation of permits with little regard for the effect on forest resources. Large areas, including some protected areas, are being destroyed and threatened with conversion to other uses. Local peoples, however, appear not to have been the ones receiving the primary benefits; they have been taken instead by those who have the required capital for permits and logging. -
"A New Reading on Authority and Guardianship (Wilayah): Ayatollah Muhammad Mahdi Shamsuddin." Democratic Moments: Reading Democratic Texts
Mavani, Hamid. "A New Reading on Authority and Guardianship (wilayah): Ayatollah Muhammad Mahdi Shamsuddin." Democratic Moments: Reading Democratic Texts. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2018. 177–184. Bloomsbury Collections. Web. 27 Sep. 2021. <http:// dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350006195.ch-023>. Downloaded from Bloomsbury Collections, www.bloomsburycollections.com, 27 September 2021, 16:47 UTC. Copyright © Xavier Márquez and Contributors 2018. You may share this work for non- commercial purposes only, provided you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher, and provide a link to the Creative Commons licence. CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO A New Reading on Authority and Guardianship (wilayah): Ayatollah Muhammad Mahdi Shamsuddin Hamid Mavani Islam categorically rejects dictatorship because it always leads to oppression, persecution, and uprising.1 From the Islamic point of view, only the divine (most exalted), who has no partner or associate in His Lordship, Authority, and Guardianship (wilayah), has the right to govern and enjoy absolute rule. In essence, no human being has any right to rule over others. The rule and control of God is the only type of guardianship and authority that complies with human reason and intellect. Every mandate of authority and governance (hakimiyyah) for a human being requires a definitive proof. In its absence, therefore, no one has authority over another person, any other existent in the universe, or over nature, including over one’s own life and property. That these set limits cannot be transgressed is a fundamental principle under the subject of authority, as well as a matter that is well-established in jurisprudence and theology . 178 DEMOCRATIC MOMENTS [I]nvoking democracy while the infallible Imam is among us would be religiously unlawful, but . -
Islam and the Rule of Law. Between Sharia and Secularization
ISLAM AND THE RULE OF LAW BETWEEN SHARIA AND SECULARIZATION Birgit Krawietz Helmut Reifeld (Hrsg.) ISBN 978-3-938926-86-6 IM IM www.kas.de PLENUM CONTENT 5 | PREFACE Gerhard Wahlers 9 | INTRODUCTION Birgit Krawietz 17 | I. JUSTICE as A POLITICAL AND LEGAL ORGANIZING priNCipLE 19 | JUSTICE AS A POLITICAL PRINCIPLE IN ISLAM Werner Ende 35 | JUSTICE AS A PERVASIVE PRINCIPLE IN ISLAMIC LAW Birgit Krawietz 49 | II. CONSTITUTION BUILDING 51 | WAYS OF CONSTITUTION BUILDING IN MUSLIM COUNTRIES – THE CASE OF INDONESIA Masykuri Abdillah The published statements reflect the opinion of their authors, 65 | WHERE IS THE “ISLAM” IN THE “ISLAMIC STATE”? but not institutional positions of Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung. Farish A. Noor © 2008, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V., Sankt Augustin/Berlin 71 | THE INFLUENCE OF RELIGIOUS CLAUSES ON All rights reserved. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW IN COUNTRIES WITH AN No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any ISLAMIC CHARACTER means, electronical or mechanical, without permission in writing from the Naseef Naeem publisher. Design: SWITSCH Kommunikationsdesign, Köln. 81 | THE SUDANESE INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF 2005 – Cover photo: (c) Das Bild des Orients, www.das-bild-des-orients.de A MODEL TO ESTABLISH COEXISTENCE BETWEEN AN Photographer: Joachim Gierlichs, 2003. ISLAMIC AND A SECULAR LEGAL REGIME Translation of German statements: WB Communication, Germersheim. Printed by Druckerei Franz Paffenholz GmbH, Bornheim. Markus Böckenförde Printed in Germany. Printed with the financial support of the Federal Republic of Germany. ISBN 978-3-939826-86-6 5 PREFACE 91 | III. reLIGIOUS versUS seCULar LAW? 93 | ISLAM, CONSTITUTION, CITIZENSHIP RIGHTS For the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, strengthening and devel- AND JUSTICE IN MALAYSIA oping structures that support the rule of law is one of the Norani Othmann most important objectives and elements of its global inter- national cooperation. -
Pedagang Kaki Lima Di Wilayah Metropolitan Bandung, Masukan
Informasi Kajian Permasalahan Sosial dan Usaha Kesejahteraan Sosial, Vol. 8 No. 3 September .2003 PEDAGANG KAKI LIMA DI WILAYAH METROPOLITAN BANDUNG, MASUKAN BAGI PEMBUATAN KEBIJAKAN (Street Vendors in Bandung Metropolitan Region, Inputs for Policy Making) Edi SUHARTO Abstract Peranan sektor informal diperkotaan dalam pembanguna menjadi isu penting dalam kebijakan. Di Indonesia evaluasi kebijakan sosial masih memfokuskan perhatian pada pertumbuhan dan dampak sektor informal terhadap lingkungan kota. Pertumbuhan pedagang kakil lima menjadi kontroversial karena terjadi konflik kepentingan antara kesempatan kerja dengan kepentingan publik. Artikel ini menyediakan informasi tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pedagang kaki lima yang berguna bagi pembuat kebijakan di kota Bandung. Fokus bahasan terutama pada karakteristik mereka, alasan memilih profesi ini, dan lokasi bisnis yang disukainya. Kata Kunci: Informal Sector, Street Vendor, Policy making 1. INTRODUCTION so-called "urban informal sector" (UIS) is more diverse than the rural one and includes a vast and heterogeneous The informal sector is known by variety of economic activities through many different names according to which most urban families earn their different contexts and points of view. livelihoods. Variously referred to as the informal economy, unregulated economy, Activities of the urban informal unorganised sector, or unobserved sector in the public arena of cities are employment, to cite but a few of its titles, particularly apparent in street-based this sector typically refers to both trading, which is widely known as street economic units and workers involved in vendors or pedagang kakilima in local a variety of commercial activities and language. Although these street occupations that operate beyond the enterprises are mostly hidden from the realm of formal employment (Williams state for tax, they involve very visible and Windebank, 1998; Suharto 2002).