Towards a phylogenetic classification of Lychnophorinae (Vernonieae)
Benoît Loeuille1, João Semir2, José Rubens Pirani1 1Laboratório de Sistemática Vegetal - IB – USP 2Instituto de Biologia - UNICAMP
Siniscalchi
Gonella
Prestelia eriopus Piptolepis ericoides
Pirani
LychnophoraWhat pinaster is Lychnophorinae ? What are the Lychnophorinae genera ?
Eremanthus elaeagnus Lychnophora salicifolia
Siniscalchi
Gonella
Prestelia eriopus Piptolepis ericoides
Pirani
LychnophoraWhat pinaster is Lychnophorinae ? What are the Lychnophorinae genera ?
Eremanthus elaeagnus Lychnophora salicifolia
Siniscalchi
Gonella
Prestelia eriopus Piptolepis ericoides
Pirani
Lychnophora pinaster
Eremanthus elaeagnus Lychnophora salicifolia Syncephaly = Syncalathium = Synflorescence ‘An aggregation of individual capitula onto a secondary receptacle and surrounded by a secondary involucre’
(Hind 2009)
Gonella
Paralychnophora Eremanthus polycephalus glaziouana Lychnophora tomentosa George Bentham 1873 (1800-1884)
1980
Spiracantha
Sesquiterpene Lactone: Heliangolide
Syncephalous taxa excluded: Rolandra Elephantopus, Rolandra, Spiracantha and Telmatophila. Popovkin
Non-syncephalous taxa included:
Albertinia, Piptolepis and Proteopsis. Albertinia 1992, 1999: Robinson refines the definition of Lychnophorinae: - lack of enlarged style node - usual extensive pubescence of T-shaped trichomes - sclerified cells in the anther appendages - lack of glands on the anther appendages - presence of type A pollen
Exclusion of Albertinia, Chresta, Pithecoseris and Soaresia
Pithecoseris Chresta
74 spp. 42 genera ITS + ndhF + rpl32-trnL + 58 morphological characters Loeuille et al. (in prep.)
Nogueira
Lychnophora salicifolia
Piptolepis oleaster Blanchetia heterotricha
Shimizu
Xerxes ekmanianum
Hololepis pedunculata
Centratherum punctatum
Albertiniabrasiliensis
Popovkin
Heliangolide Eremanthus crotonoides
Saavedra
Siniscalchi Moreira
Eremanthus incanus Siniscalchi Minasia sp. ined. Piptolepis leptospermoides
What are the Siniscalchi
Lychnophorinae genera ?
Paralychnophora bicolor Lychnophora sellowii 1822 Lychnophora ericoides
Lychnophora staavioides
Gonella
Paralychnophora bicolor
Paralychnophora Lychnophora passerina Haplostephium Eremanthus
Lychnophora Lychnophoriopsis
Piptolepis
Piptolepis oleaster Lychnophora damazioi
Gonella
Paralychnophora bicolor
Paralychnophora Lychnophora passerina Haplostephium Eremanthus
Lychnophora Lychnophoriopsis
Piptolepis
Piptolepis oleaster Lychnophora damazioi
Gonella
Paralychnophora bicolor
Paralychnophora Lychnophora passerina Haplostephium Eremanthus
Lychnophora Lychnophoriopsis
Piptolepis
Piptolepis oleaster Lychnophora damazioi
Gonella
Paralychnophora bicolor
Paralychnophora Lychnophora passerina Haplostephium Eremanthus
Lychnophora Lychnophoriopsis
Piptolepis
Piptolepis oleaster Lychnophora damazioi
Gonella
Paralychnophora bicolor
Paralychnophora Lychnophora passerina Haplostephium Eremanthus
Lychnophora Lychnophoriopsis
Piptolepis
Piptolepis oleaster Lychnophora damazioi
Gonella
Paralychnophora bicolor
Paralychnophora Lychnophora passerina Haplostephium Eremanthus
Lychnophora Lychnophoriopsis
Piptolepis
Piptolepis oleaster Lychnophora damazioi Teles
Chronopappus Prestelia Siniscalchi Proteopsis Anteremanthus
Monotypic genera: 12/18
Troncoso
Shimizu
Roque
Bishopalea Heterocoma Xerxes
80 spp. All genera. ITS + ETS + ndhF + rpl32-trnL + 62 morphological characters
• Non-monophyletic genera
• Monophyletic genera
• Monotypic genera • Non-monophyletic genera
• Monophyletic genera
• Monotypic genera
Lychnophora
80 spp. All genera. ITS + ETS + ndhF + rpl32-trnL + 62 morphological characters
Lychnophora
80 spp. All genera. ITS + ETS + ndhF + rpl32-trnL + 62 morphological characters L. sellowii Borges Lychnocephalus Mart. ex DC.
4 spp. (+ 3 unpublished spp.) Minas Gerais
Campos rupestre Siniscalchi
L. sellowii L. mellobarretoi
Lychnophora
80 spp. All genera. ITS + ETS + ndhF + rpl32-trnL + 62 morphological characters L. regis Lychnophorella gen. nov.
Ferreira L. triflora 8 spp. (+ 2 unpublished spp.) Chapada Diamantina (Bahia)
L. leucodendron Campos rupestre
Lychnophora
80 spp. All genera. ITS + ETS + ndhF + rpl32-trnL + 62 morphological characters Nogueira
Lychnophora Mart.
Moreira
L. salicifolia L. sp. ined.
L. candelabrum L. pinaster
18 spp. (+ 10 unpublished spp.) Bahia, Goiás, Minas Gerais and
São Paulo. Campos rupestre L. salicifolia L.
Eremanthus
80 spp. All genera. ITS + ETS + ndhF + rpl32-trnL + 62 morphological characters
Eremanthus
80 spp. All genera. ITS + ETS + ndhF + rpl32-trnL + 62 morphological characters Eremanthus Less.
E. elaeagnus
E. elaeagnus E.
L. candelabrum
E. glomerulatus E. capitatus 21 spp. Cerrado e campos rupestre E. incanus • Non-monophyletic genera
• Monophyletic genera
• Monotypic genera
Paralychnophora
80 spp. All genera. ITS + ETS + ndhF + rpl32-trnL + 62 morphological characters Paralychnophora MacLeish
P. patriciana
6 spp.
Minas Gerais and Bahia Campos rupestre,
rarely cerrado P. patriciana P. P. reflexoauriculata
Minasia
80 spp. All genera. ITS + ETS + ndhF + rpl32-trnL + 62 morphological characters Garibotti Garibotti Lusa
Minasia H. Rob.
M. scapigera
Siniscalchi
M. alpestris 7 spp. (+ 1 unpublished spp.)
Minas Gerais Campos rupestre
M. alpestris alpestris M. M. sp. ined. Draba chionophylla (Brassicaceae)
Espeletia spp. Proteopsisargentea Caulirosula Life-formMinasiaalpestris
Prestelia eriopus
Siniscalchi
Garibotti Lusa Prestelia eriopus
Life-form: caulirosula
80 spp. All genera. ITS + ETS + ndhF + rpl32-trnL + 62 morphological characters
Piptolepis
80 spp. All genera. ITS + ETS + ndhF + rpl32-trnL + 62 morphological characters P. schultziana Piptolepis Sch.Bip.
P. monticola P.
P. ericoides P. monticola 11 spp. (+ 2 unpublished spp.) Minas Gerais and Goiás
P. sp.ined. Campos rupestre P. oleaster • Non-monophyletic genera
• Monophyletic genera
• Monotypic genera
Heterocoma
80 spp. All genera. ITS + ETS + ndhF + rpl32-trnL + 62 morphological characters Heterocoma DC.
Troncoso H. albida
Siniscalchi
H. albida
Roque
Shimizu
6 spp. Bahia, Goiás and Minas Gerais H. erecta Campos rupestre
H. ekmaniana Prestelia
Siniscalchi
P. eriopus
Echternacht
Verola P. purpurascens comb. P. sp. nov. nov.
80 spp. All genera. ITS + ETS + ndhF + rpl32-trnL + 62 morphological characters Proteopsis
Saavedra
sp. nov. sp.
P. P. P. argentea P.
80 spp. All genera. ITS + ETS + ndhF + rpl32-trnL + 62 morphological characters Chronopappus
80 spp. All genera. ITS + ETS + ndhF + rpl32-trnL + 62 morphological characters Anteremanthus
Anteremanthus hatschbachii
Salino
Lychnophora mellosilvae sp. ined. 80 spp. All genera. ITS + ETS + ndhF + rpl32-trnL + 62 morphological characters
Eremanthus crotonoides
Saavedra
Concluding remarks
• An amplified concept for a monophyletic Lychnophorinae subtribe
• Centratherinae and Sipolisiinae are synonymized under Lychnophorinae
• Three genera (Albertinia, Blanchetia and Gorceixia) are transfered to Lychnophorinae
• As circumscribed, Lychnophorinae comprises 18 monophyletic genera and 104 species
Future steps
•Adding more DNA sequence data
• Improving taxonomic sampling
• Incorporating phytochemical and chromosome number data in this phylogenetic framework
Acknowledgements
Dr. Sterling Keeley Dr. René Zaragüeta-Bagils Dr. Lúcia Garcez Lohmann Dr. Nicholas Hind Dr. Harold Robinson Dr. Fernando Costa Dr. Leonardo Gobbo-Neto