INDEX active layer 238, 493 cross stratification 498 aerodynamic threshold 332 debris flow 490 aggradation 491 degradation 491, 496 Airy waves 203 deposition ratio 491 amalgamation 498 depth-limited sea 189 angle of climb 505 differential transport 486 angular velocity 205 diffusion 15 antidunes 357 dimensional analysis 31 armor 459 displacement height 385 backwater curve 182 drag 264 barchans 433 drag coefficient 25 bed 497 drag crisis 74 bed configuration 350 drag partition 249 bedding 497 dunes 356, 432 bed-form transport rate 398 dynamic pressure 4 bed forms 350 dynamically rough flow 109 bed load 285, 286, 294 dynamically smooth flow 108 bed phase 350 eddies 53 bed state 350 eddy diffusion coefficient 116 bed-material load 286 eddy viscosity 116 Bernoulli equation 43, 48 Ekman layer 227, 228 boundary layer 53 Ekman spiral 218 boundary Reynolds number 109 elevation head 165 boundary shear stress 104 energy cascade 120 brink 355 energy grade line 166 buffer layer 102 energy gradient 166, 179 buoyancy 8 energy slope 166, 179 burst 150 equal mobility 460 burst–sweep cycle 150 equation of motion 34 Chézy coefficient 115 equivalent sand roughness 114, 136 Chézy equation 115 fall velocity 75 climbing-ripple cross stratification 507 fetch 189 coherent structures 149 flow intensity 285 combined flow 194 flow regimes 71, 379 competence 260 flow resistance 117 conservation of sediment volume 486 flow separation 65, 381 continua 2 fluid threshold 332 core region 102 flumes 254 Coriolis acceleration 204 form drag 19, 249 Coriolis effect 204 fractional transport rate 459 Coriolis force 204 fractionation 494 Coriolis parameter 211 free body 7 creeping flow 37 free stream 53 critical flow 169 free surface 84, 157 critical shear stress 260 friction factor 112 cross bedding 497 friction velocity 109 cross lamination 497 Froude number 30. 32 geophysical flows 201 momentum function 175 geostrophic balance 225 Navier–Stokes equation 35 geostrophic motion 225 nominal diameter 238 gradation independence 460 nonlinear waves 186 gradually varied flows 178 normal depth 180 grain-fall laminae 525 open-channel flow 83, 157 grain flows 304 oscillatory waves 186 grain-flow laminae 525 outer layer 102 granule ripples 431 overlap layer 141 gravity waves 201 overloading 483 hairpin vortices 153 partial transport 478 head loss 165 particle-weight effect 460 hiding–sheltering effect 460 pathline 44 Hjulström diagram 278 pavement 459 horseshoe vortices 153 Pi theorem 34 hummocky cross stratification 518 Pinstripe laminae 515 hydraulic jump 172 planar bed surface 357 hydraulic radius 88 planar stratification 531 hydrostatic balance 7 planetary boundary layer 230 hydrostatic equation 6 pocket 296 hydrostatic pressure 6 pressure 3 impact creep 323 pressure drag 19 impact threshold 332 pressure head 165 inertia circle 214 pure drift currents 215 inertia currents 213 rapidly varied flows 178 inertia period 214 reattachment 381 interfacial deposition 489 reference transport rate 471 intermittent suspension load 286 relative height 186 internal boundary layer 64 relative roughness 112, 194 inviscid flow 40 reptation 323 inviscid fluid 40 resistance diagram 113 isobaric surfaces 221 Reynolds numbers 22, 32, 54 isobars 224 Reynolds-number similarity 120 kinematic viscosity 109 Reynolds stress 96 lamina, laminae 497 rheological layer 305 laminar flows 53 rib and furrow 511 laminar separation 72 ripple crest 355 lamination 497 ripple trough 355 law of the wall 123, 131 ripples 355 lee surface 355 Robins effect 330 lift 264 rollability effect 460 linear waves 186 Rossby number 212 load 286, 445 Rouse number 310 logarithmic layer 142, 235 roughness element 130 lower flow regime 379 roughness length 139 low-point curve 503 roughness Reynolds number 109 Magnus effect 330 saltation 286, 306, 321 mass deposition 488 scale modeling 23 mixed layer 232, 233 sediment 237 sediment conservation equation 400– total head 165 402 traction 307 sediment discharge 445 traction carpet 305 sediment-discharge formulas 453 transitionally rough flow 109 sediment transport rate 445 translatent laminae 525 selective entrainment 459, 478 translatory waves 186 separation vortex 382 transport stage 289 settling 483 truncation surface 498 settling velocity 75 turbidity current 490 shear layer 381 turbulence 48 shear stress 12 turbulence closure problem 98 shear velocity 109 turbulence-dominated region 103 Shields curve 273 turbulence-generation layer 102 Shields diagram 273 turbulent diffusion 93 Shields parameter 267 turbulent separation 72 size fraction 457 turbulent shear flow 99 skimming flow 149 turbulent shear stress 96 skin friction 249 two-dimensional wave spectrum 190 slip face 355 two-phase flow 241 sorting 239, 457 uniform flow 83, 160 specific energy 165 unit sediment transport rate 456 specific head 165 upper flow regime 379 specific weight 9 velocity defect law 130 specific-energy diagram 167 velocity head 165 specific-head diagram 167 viscosity 10 spectral waves 190 viscosity-dominated region, 103 splash function 339 viscous drag 19 stagnation point 42 viscous length scale 110 static pressure 4 viscous sublayer 100 steady flow 83 von Kármán’s constant 127 Stokes’ law 38 vortex ripples 438 stoss surface 355 vorticity 53, 150 stratification 497 wake 61, 67 stratified flows 157 wake-interference flow 148 stratum, strata 497 wash load 285, 286 streakline 44 wave boundary layer 190 streamline 44 wave friction factor 194 stream tube 44 wave steepness 186 structure 497 wave–current boundary layer 211, 215 subcritical flow 169 wavelets 201 supercritical flow 169 wind ripples 431 surface creep 323 zero-plane displacement 385 susceptibility 328 suspended load 285, 286 suspension 307 sweep 150 terminal velocity 75 texture 497 threshold shear stress 260