ABBREVIATIONS USED IN SOCIAL MEDIA FACEBOOK AND INSTAGRAM
A THESIS
BY
ADE TRIKE WAHYUNI
REG.NO: 130705108
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2017
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABBREVIATIONS USED IN SOCIAL MEDIA FACEBOOK AND INSTAGRAM
A THESIS
BY
ADE TRIKE WAHYUNI
REG. NO: 130705108
SUPERVISOR CO-SUPERVISOR
Dr. Deliana, M.Hum Drs. Yulianus Harefa, M.Ed., TESOL
NIP. 195711171983032002 NIP. 196107031986011001
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies of Sumatera Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of SarjanaSastra from Department of English
DEPATMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2017
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The SarjanaSastra Examination.
Head, Secretary,
Dr. Deliana, M.Hum Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA,Ph.D
NIP. 195711171983032002 NIP. 197502092008121002
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of SarjanaSastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on August 10th 2017
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. Drs. Budi Agustono, M.S.
NIP. 1960080519841001
Board of Examiners
Dr. Deliana, M.Hum. ______
Dr. Matius C.A.Sembiring, M.A ______
Drs. Chairul Husni, M.Ed., TESOL ______
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, ADE TRIKE WAHYUNI DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHER OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed :
Date :August 10th, 2017
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME : ADE TRIKE WAHYUNI
TITLE OF THESIS : ABBREVIATIONS USED IN SOCIAL MEDIA
FACEBOOK AND INSTAGRAM
QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT
USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF
THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed :
Date : August 10th, 2017
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I would like to thank to Allah SWT for blessing me because giving me the health to do thesis.
In this opportunity, I also would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to the head of English Department Dr. DelianaM.Hum and also she is my supervisor who paid attention, guided, and supported me in finishing this thesis. I would like to dedicate a deep gratitude to my co-supervisor of my thesis Drs.
Yulianus Harefa MEd TESOL, thank you for valuable time in reading and giving the correcting and constructive critics in completing this thesis.
Furthermore, I would like to express my great regard to all my beloved people in my life. Thanks to my beloved parents, my father ChairulSumadi and my mother SitiRumnasih for your love to me since I was a child until this time. Thank to my love Nanda Kurniawan ST, for supporting me. Thanks to my sisters
RatiPragasiwi,Titin Juliana, and Reza Mei Arimbi for praying and disturbing me.
Special thanks to my friends Roby Mauliza and LispaulinaDewiHarahap for helping me to got the title of my thesis and as my reader to my thesis, thank for the love, support, smile, jokes and all time together. Thanks to my lecturers in
English Literature Department for the knowledge, advices, and pointers.
Medan, …… August 2017
ADE TRIKE WAHYUNI
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT
This thesis entitled “Abbreviations Used in Social Media Facebook and Instagram” discusses about abbreviations that used in facebook and instagram. The objectives of this study are to find the meaning of abbreviations in facebook and instagram, to describe the type of abbreviations by using Weakly and Schendl theory (2001), to find the dominant type of abbreviations that used in facebook and instagram, and to describe the reason of people use abbreviations in status, caption, comment, message, and meme in facebook and instagram. This study was conducted by using descriptive quantitative method. It was found that there are five type of abbreviations by using Weakly and Schendl theory (2001) that are usually used in status, caption, comment, message, and meme in facebook and instagram. There are 142 status, caption, comment, message, and meme which consist of 992 abbreviations and contraction is a higher type that common to found in facebook and instagram (58,8%), clipping word (23,6%), inisialism (4,2%), blends (2,4), and acronym (0,4%). There are three reasons for people to use abbreviations in facebook and instagram, they are: the need to write briefly and quickly, the limited of typing space, and as trend in society.
Keyword :Abbreviation, Types, Facebook and Instagram, Linguistics, and Morphology
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK
Skripsi yang berjudul “Abbreviations Used in Social Media Facebook and Instagram” yang membahas tentang abreviasi yang digunakan di dalam facebook dan instagram. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan makna dari abreviasi yang digunakan di dalam facebook dan instagram, untuk memaparkan jenis-jenis abreviasi berdasarkan teori Weakly dan Schendl (2001), untuk menemukan jenis abreviasi yang paling sering digunakan dalam pengetikan di dalam facebook dan instagram, dan untuk memaparkan alasan orang menggunakan abreviasi dalam pengetikan status, caption, comment, message, and meme di dalam facebook dan instagram. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah ada lima jenis abreviasi berdasarkan teori Weakly and Schendl (2001) yang sering digunakan dalam pengetikan status, caption, comment, message, dan meme di dalam facebook dan instagram. Terdapat 142 status, caption, comment, message, dan meme yang terdiri dari 992 abreviasi dan contraction adalah jenis abreviasi yang paling sering ditemukan di dalam facebook dan instagram dengan persentase (58,8%), clipping word dengan persentase (23,6%), inisialism dengan percentase (4,2%), blends dengan persentase (2,4%), acronym dengan persentase (0,4%). Ada tiga hal yang menjadi alasan orang dalam menggunakan abreviasi, yaitu: kebutuhan untuk menulis dengan singkat dan cepat, karena adanya batasan dalam pengetikan, dan sebagai trend di masyarakat.
Keyword : Abreviasi, Tipe, Facebook dan Instgram, Linguistik, dan Morfologi.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
TABLE OF CONTENT
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION` ...... v
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ...... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...... vii
ABSTRACT ...... ix ABSTRAK ...... x TABLE OF CONTENT ...... xii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1Background of the Study ...... 1 1.2 Problem of the Study ...... 4 1.3 Objective of the Study ...... 4 1.4 Scope of the Study ...... 4 1.5Significance of the Study ...... 5 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ...... 6 2.1 Abbreviations ...... 6 2.2 Relevant Study ...... 6 2.3 Types of Abbreviation ...... 7 2.3.1 Clipping words ...... 8 2.3.2 Acronyms ...... 8 2.3.3 Initialism ...... 9 2.3.4 Blends ...... 9 2.3.5 Contraction ...... 10 2.4 Social Media ...... 10
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2.4.1 Instagram ...... 10 2.4.2 Facebook ...... 12 2.5 The Applications of Social Media ...... 12 2.5.1 Status ...... 12 2.5.2 Caption ...... 12 2.5.3 Meme ...... 14 2.5.4 Comment ...... 15 2.5.5 Message ...... 15 CHAPTER III: METHOD OF RESEARCH ...... 16 3.1 Research Design ...... 16 3.2 Data Source ...... 16 3.3 Technique of Collecting Data ...... 17 3.4 Data Analyzing Method ...... 17 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS AND FINDING ...... 19 4.1 Analysis ...... 19 4.1.1 Facebook ...... 19 4.1.2 Instagram ...... 31 4.1.3 The Reason of People Use abbreviations ...... 41 4.2 Findings ...... 42 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...... 57 5.1 Conclusion ...... 57 5.2 Suggestion ...... 58 REFERENCES ...... 59
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Language is a very important factor in communication. We can not communicate without language. By language, we can convey ideas, opinions, disseminate information and language is as a form of interaction in society.
Language is divided into two types namely verbal language (verb) and writing language (nonverbal). If language is conveyed through the written form then language is included into the form of nonverbal language and when language is delivered directly by speakers then the language is called verb language. In this time, the activities of communicating in the community are not only limited to direct conversation or mailing activities. The rapid progress of technology also makes it easier for human to perform communicating activities. In this case, the writer uses social media (facebook and instagram) as an example that is used by the community as a reflection of the use of nonverba language that is seen from messages, status, caption, and meme.
The need to write briefly and quickly and the existence of limits in the writing of characters letters raises the form abbreviation of the word, especially in social media facebook and instagram that become the source of data in this thesis.
Advances are in the field of technology, especially in the use of mobile phones now that are known as android, making humans very close to social media as a media of communication. The existence of android in the life of society is no longer, just a functional problem that is a need of communication, but it is also
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA more towards in the direction of lifestyle. As good as the use of social media
(facebook and instagram) is considered as a trend in society. The language is used by social media to represent the particular social and political groups, Whether or not it sis realized that every language that human use in social media will describe how the human being is.
Actually, people use social media for many different purposes; for information, entertainment, and education. But in this time, the main reason people use social media is as a lifestyle. The media is always there, and it has come to be taken for guaranty as an integral part of people’s life the most.One of the most interesting and important aspect of social media by language is as a way of people to express what they feel.As a very interesting thing to be noted in social media, the use of language in the message, status, caption and meme can affect every reader of each language in social media that is expected to be written well in order to avoid misunderstanding for people who read it. Considering in this era, we often find cases that are caused by mistakes in interpreting of the writing that is contained in social media and conflict with each other. The need to write quickly and briefly on social media encourages people to use word shortening. Writing of shortened words are often difficult to understand because of errors in understanding of meaning in the text. This is the reason why the writer chooses abbreviations analysis as a title in this thesis. Considering that, this time there are often conflicts in groups of people that iscaused by mistakes in meaning interpreting of words that is written by someone in social media.
Abbreviation is the process of removing one or several parts leksem or leksem combination, so that it becomes a new form that is word status. Another term for
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA abbreviation is shortening, while the result of the process is called abbreviation
(Krisdalaksana, 1989:159). In Indonesian there are abbreviated forms, such as
ABRI (AngkatanBersenjataRepublik Indonesia), DKI (Daerah KhususIbukota) and in the other language such as ATM (Automatic Teller Machine), IQ
(Intelligence Quotient), and RAM (Random Access Memory). That abbreviation does not cause difficulties to the language users. Difficulties arise in the face of shortness that is used rarely or used in a very special field. The shortened form in
Bahasaarises because it is pressed by the need to speak practically and quickly.
This need is felt so much in the technical field, such as the branches of science, the armed forces, the use of communication tools, and then spread to our language.
In our daily life is inseparable from the use of ‘singkatan’ and ‘akronim’.
‘Singkatan’ and ‘akronim’ are parts of the abbreviation. In general, language users have no difficulty in using initial and acronym. This happens because the number of initial and acronym is not too much and can still be memorized. However, over time initial and acronym create difficulties when new forms are used rarely or only used in certain aspects (Krisdalaksana, 1989:159). Words are written on social media mostly come from non standart language that people use in daily conversation. But people can not argue all languages in social media that use non standart language, this depends on the type of writing that is posted and to whom it wants to be delivered. Because of that, the writer makes facebook and instagram as a source of data in analyzing of use of abbreviation.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1.2 Problem of the Study
It is important to make the specification of problems which are going to be analyzed. It helps the writer to avoid the ambiguity of the analysis and getting clear description about the object of the analysis itself. So, in this thesis the writer decides some problems that should be analyzed, they are:
1. What are abbreviations used in facebook and instagram?
2. What is dominant type of abbreviations used in facebook and instagram?
3. Why do people use abbreviations in facebook and instagram?
1.3 Objective of the Study
Related to the question on the problem of the study, this research tries to find out the answer of those questions, they are:
1. to describe the types of abbreviation words found in facebook and
2. to describe the dominant types of abbreviations used in facebook and
3. to explain the reason of people who use abbreviations in facebook and
1.4 Scope of the Study
It is related to the problem and the scope of the study, the writer has to limit the scope of study in order to avoid wider analysis. In this thesis, the writer would like to analyze all words that are abbreviation which are used in messaging, caption, status, comment, and meme in facebook and instagram.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1.5Significance of the Study
This research is contributed to be useful theoretically and practically.
Theoretically this research is useful for linguistic student, and the result of this study can used to need for everyone who wants to analyze abbreviation. It also gives contribution and enriches of linguistics development in general.
Furthermore, this research is hoped to develop the knowledge about types of abbreviation for the readers the writer. And practically, this research is expected to help the reader to understand easily for reading status, message, caption and meme in Facebook and Instagramin which abbreviation existed.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Abbreviations
Abbreviation is the process of removing one of several parts lexem or lexem combination so that becomes a new form on word status. Another term of abbreviation is shortening, while the result of the process is called abbreviation
(Krisdalaksana, 1989:159).Abreviation is 'morphological process in the form of moving one part or more to the combination of leksem resulting in a new word'
(Kridalaksana 1989: 1). Abbreviations in the Indonesian language emerged because of the urgency of the need to speak in a practice and fast. There are several previous thesis which also discuss about abbreviation. The following are some relevant thesis.
2.2 Relevant Studies
Irawan (2013) in his thesis entitled Type of Indonesian Abbreviations
Found in The EkonomiBisnis Rubric of Padang Express Newspaper. This thesis discuss about the abbreviations that used in ekonomibisnis rubric from
Padang Express Newspaper. This thesis used Weakly and Schendl theory, but the data source from Padang Express Newspaper.
Prasetyawan (2010) inhis thesis entitled KependekanBahasa Indonesia
Dalam Media Komunikasi Short Message Service (SMS). This thesis discuss about abbreviations that used in short message service (SMS), in the way he makes the different data source and theory but similar in topic about abbreviations.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Irawati (2003) in her thesis intitledSingkatandanAkronimdalam Media
Chatting dan SMS: AnalisisKomunikasiTeksdalam Internet danTeleponSelular. This thesis is discuss about communication by using internet and telephon that divided become two types, they are singkatan and akronim.
Iskandar (2008) in thesis entitled Pemendekan Kata (Abreviasi) dalamIklanBarisBagianPropertiSuratKabarKompas. The data of this thesis is abbreviations in advertisement of properties in SuratKabarKompas. In this thesis, the writer is explain about abbreviation that used in SuratKabarKompas in several time.
Putri (2008) in her thesis entitled
SingkatandanAkronimdalamMajalahGadisTahun 2007. This thesis is discuss about pattern of abbreviations in MajalahGadisTahun 2007. The conclusion of this thesis is the writer found 13 patterns of abbreviations.
RetnoEkoWulandari (2013) in her thesis entitled
PenggunaanAbbreviasidalamBahasaSunda. This thesis is discuss about abbreviations that used for Sunda’s people. The data of this thesis is collect by using quisioner that will gave to Sunda’s people.
2.3 Types of Abbreviations
Based on the Weakly and Schendl (2001:28) theories, abbreviations are divided into five types namely:
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2.3.1 Clipping word
Clipping word, syllables are cut off from a word. Clipping word is characteristic of shorting but the element which is removed is not affix, but part of the lexical items itself. Schendl also says that clipping form usual be the first syllable or two of the original. For example:
NO. Clipping word Stand for
1 Prof Professor
2 Ad Advertisement
3 Bu Ibu
4 Kek Kakek
5 Porn Pornography
6 Bi Bisexual
2.3.2 Acronyms
Acronyms are subset of abbreviations, as they are still shortened words.
However, they more specific. An acronym is defined as a word formed from the initial letter or multi word names. The important point here is that an acronym must be a word- this means that the joined initial letters must be able to be pronounced. For example:
No. Acronyms word Stand for
1 AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
2 BASIC Beginner’s All purpose Symbolic
Instruction Code
3 GOR GedungOlah Raga
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4 PON PekanOlahragaNasional
5 STIKES SekolahTinggiIlmuKesehatan
6 USU Universitas Sumatera Utara
2.3.3 Initialism
Initialism is a types abbreviation which always written in capital. Initialism is similar to acronym but is not pronounced as a word. It gives the name for something that is still pronounced separately
For example:
No. Initialism Stand for
1 TNI TentaraNasional Indonesia
2 BBC British Broadcasting Corporation
3 ILC Indonesia Lawyer Club
4 IRS Internal Revenue Service
5 UNP UniversitasNegeri Padang
6 PHO PerusakHubungan Orang
7 PHP PemberiHarapanPalsu
2.3.4 Blends
Blends are formed from the part of existing words and a combination of the parts of two words. For example:
No. Blends Stand for
1 Brunch Breakfast + lunch
2 Botox Botulism + toxim
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3 Angkot Angkutan + kota
4 Gegana Gelisah + galau + merana
5 Tisam Titip + salam
2.3.5 Contraction
Contraction is the best last type of abbreviations. Contractions are abbreviated form in which letters forms the middle of the full form have been omitted.
Contractions come in two forms:
1. Shortened form of a word that ends in the same letter as the word itself.
2. Short way to write two words as one by writing the two words together, leaving out one or more letters and replacing the missing letters by an apostrophe.
For example:
No. Contraction Stand for
1 St Street
2 Can’t Cannot
3 Dr Dokter
4 Dt Datuk
2.4 Social Medias
2.4.1 Instagram
Instagram is an application that operated just in smartphone (android).
This application is one of Social Media that used to share picture or video with adding some word to explain that picture, that word named caption. Instagram was made by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger in October 2010. Instagram cames
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA from word ‘instant camera’ and ‘telegram’. Instagram is very popular in the world especially in Indonesia. The people in Indonesia used Instagram as a media to share pictures and videos in everymoment. Instagram has a unique fitur that can crop picture to be square like a Polaroid Camera. Polaroid Camera is a camera that can print photo out directly, the size of photo in instagram has is same with camera Polaroid but instagram is not print photo out directly.
Instagram lets registered users upload photos or videos to the service.
Users can apply various digital filters to their images, and add locations through geotags. They can add hashtags to their posts, linking the photos up to other content on Instagram featuring the same subject or overall topic. Users can connect their Instagram account to other social media profiles, enabling them to share photos to those profiles as well. Originally, a distinctive feature of
Instagram was its confining of photos to a square; this was changed in August
2015, when an update started allowing users to upload media at full size. In June
2012, an "Explore" tab was introduced, showing users a variety of media, including popular photos and photos taken at nearby locations, trending tags and places, channels for recommended videos, and curated content. Support for videos was originally launched in June 2013, and had a 15-second maximum duration and limited quality, with Instagram later adding support for widescreen and longer videos. Private messaging, called Instagram Direct, was launched with basic photo-sharing functionality in December 2013, and has gradually received major updates incorporating more features, most notably text support and "disappearing" photos. In August 2016, Instagram introduced a "Stories" feature, letting users add photos to a story, with the content disappearing after 24 hours. Instagram added
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA live-video functionality to Stories in November 2016, augmented reality stickers in April 2017, and face filters in May 2017.
2.4.2 Facebook
Facebook is one of social media that cames on February 2004 by Mark
Zeckerberg. In the first time, facebook is using for the student in Harvard university. In 2006 facebook can be used by all people around the world.
Facebook is the biggest aplication networking in the world that give much benefits, there are: facebook as a media to search friend, to make promotion, to share information, and to send message each other. Besides give benefit for the user, facebook also give some negative impact, there are: pornografi, because all of people can do anything with their account in facebook, many criminal acts, individualism, cannot socialize.
2.5 The Applications of Social Media
2.5.1 Status
Status is an update feature which allows users to discuss their thoughts, whereabouts, or important information with their friends. Similar to a tweet on the social networking site Twitter, a status is usually short and generally gives information without going into too much detail. When a status is updated, it posts on the user's personal wall, as well as in the news feeds of their friends. Statuses can be updated from a web browser, mobile site, or through text message. Status just applied for Facebook and twitter. Instagram has no status.
2.5.2 Caption
Caption isa shortpiece of text under a picture in a social media, book, magazine, or newspaper that describes the picture or explains what
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA the people in it are doing or saying.Shortexplanation, or descriptionaccompanying an illustration or a photograph.Statuses can provide key insights into their authors’ personalities. Photo captions, also known as cutlines, are a few lines of text used to explain or elaborate on published photographs. In some cases captions and cutlines are distinguished, where the caption is a short (usually one-line) title/explanation for the photo, while the cutline is a longer, prose block under the caption, generally describing the photograph, giving context, or relating it to the article.There are several criteria for a good caption. A good caption
1. Clearly identifies the subject of the picture, without detailing the obvious;
2. Is succinct;
3. Establishes the picture's relevance to the article;
4. Provides context for the picture;
5. Draws the reader into the article.
Different people read articles in different ways. Some people start at the top and read each word until the end. Others read the first paragraph and scan through for other interesting information, looking especially at pictures and captions.
Those readers, even if the information is adjacent in the text, will not find it unless it is in the caption. However, it is best not to tell the whole story in the caption, but use the caption to make the reader curious about the subject.
2.5.3 Meme
A meme is a concept or behavior that spreads from person to person.
Examples of memes include beliefs, fashions, stories, and phrases. In previous generations, memes typically spread within local cultures or social groups.
However, now that the Internet has created a global community, memes can span
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA countries and cultures across the world. Memes that are propogated online are called "Internet memes."
Examples of behavioral Internet memes include using Facebook and
Instagram several times a day. While Facebook and Instagram are now part of many people's daily life, both technologies are relatively new. They expanded through technological and social evolution to become commonplace in many cultures. Now Facebook and Instagram, which are memes themselves, are common mediums used to spread Internet memes.
Another type of Internet meme is "chat slang," which includes acronyms and abbreviations used online. Over the past several years, Internet users have developed ways to communicate faster by creating new shorthand. Abbreviations like BTW and LOL are part of an entirely new lexicon created by Internet users. Emoticons, or text-based expressions, such as =) and :P have become popular memes as well.
Internet memes may also be subjects, such as people or animals made popular by blogs or other websites. For example, a politician or celebrity involved in a public scandal may become an Internet meme thanks to numerous bloggers who publish their thoughts on the story. A household pet may even become a meme if it stars in a YouTube video that goes viral. These types of Internet memes are typically short-lived, but they are part of the larger meme of social networking, in which people participate in online communities.
Meme is an idea that spreads like a virus by word of mouth, email, blogs etc, something that spreads across the internet.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2.5.4 Comment
Comment is a note explaining, illustrating, or criticizing the meaning of writing, an observation or remark expressing an opinion or attitude, a judgment expressed indirectly.
2.5.5 Message
Messenger is a mobile app that enables chat, voice and video communications between the social media site's web-based messaging and smartphones, and it is also a tool that allows users to instantly send chat messages to friends on Facebook. Messages are received on their mobile phones.
Facebook Messenger also enables users to send chat messages to people who are logged onto their Facebook accounts. It is is available for Android phones, iPhone, iPad and BlackBerry devices. It operates on iOS, Windows (Windows 7 and Vista) and Android.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER III
METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1 Research Design
The design of this research was a descriptive quantitative research because it describes phenomena of language used in Facebook and Instagram. Descriptive research tries to describe, interpret and research the current problem clearly based on the accurate data. In this research phenomenon described in the recent phenomenon of the language used in status, message, caption and meme in facebook and Instagram. The data of this study were abbreviations found in
Facebook and Instagram.
3.2 Data Source
The data of this research are words, phrases, and sentences in status, caption, message, and meme that used in facebook and Instagram and the answers of questionnaires obtained from respondents.
This thesis has two source of data. There are primary source and secondary source.
1. Primary Source
This thesis has some data to be analyzed. The data of this research are the
status, caption, message, and meme of the Facebook and Instagram user
that appear in writer’s account. The writer uses android smartphone to
open the application of facebook and Instagram. There are 142 status,
caption, message, and meme of the Facebook and Instagram consist of 892
abbreviations taken from time (1st January 2017 to 23th 2017).
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2. Secondary source
The secondary sources is Facebook and Instagram user who spend their
time with playing application Facebook and Instagram. Interview are
needed to get the information about the reasons why people use
abbreviation in Facebook and Instagram.
3.3Technique of Collecting Data
To collect the data, this research is done in two ways they are library and field research. Library research is applied to get information in solving a problem, to fulfill an academic assignment. This method is used to find a certain data by collecting some books that are relevant to topic discussed. In addition, for the filed research the writer will give questionnaires to the respondents and get some data by getting involved in using Facebook and Instagram. The writer gained the status, caption, message, and meme in Facebook and Instagram user. The data will capture by writer from the writer’s own android, the data is getting from all of
Facebook and Instagram users who has join in friend list of writer account.
The writer applies observation method for primary source, and interview for secondary source. According to Bungin (2007: 115) observation method is a collecting data method that is used to accumulate research data through observation and sensing.
3.4 Data Analyzing Method
Descriptive method is applied in analyzing data. There are some steps in analyzing the data, as follows:
1. Reading the status, caption, message, and meme
2. Identifying the abbreviations
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3. Classifiying the abbreviations that used in satus, caption, massege, and
meme of Facebook and Instagram
4. Finding the meaning of abbreviations
5. Finding the dominant type of abbreviations that used in status, caption,
message, and meme of Facebook and Instagram by using Bungin’s
formula (Bungin, 2005: 171-172)
= 100% 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 Note : 𝑛𝑛 𝑥𝑥 𝑁𝑁 n : the percentage of dominant abbreviations
Fx : the dominant abbreviations
N : the total number of abbreviations
6. Finding and classifying the reasons why people use abbreviations.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS AND FINDING
4.1 Analysis
This part consist of characteristics of abbreviation in Facebook and
Instagram, its stand for, types, and the answer of the respondent. To answer the problem number one, the data to be analyze are taken from Facebook and
Instagram. To answer the problem number two, the types of abbreviasions can be analysis after analyzing the characteristics of abbreviations in Facebook and
Instagram and it will classify base on Weakly and Schendl theory (2001). To answer ploblems number three, the writer is obtained from interview.
4.1.1 Facebook
According to theory of Weakly and Schendl, there are five types of abbreviation. There are clipping word, acronyms, initialsm, blends, and contraction. Here is analyzing types of abbreviation in facebook:
a. Status
There are some abbreviations in Aulia’s status. They are blens and inisialism, here is the explanation:
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA No. Abbreviations Stand for Type of Remark
abbreviations
1. Sakau Sakit Blends Blends are formed from the
karena part of existing words and a
engkau combination of the parts of
two words.
The lexem ‘ Sakau’ stand
for ‘sakit karena engkau’ by
combine part of word in
each word from that
sentence where lexem
‘sakau’ comes from
combine parts ‘SAkit
KArena engkaU’.
2. Lol Laugh of Acronym An acronym is defined as a
loud word formed from the initial
letter or multi word names.
The important point here is
that an acronym must be a
word- this means that the
joined initial letters must be
able to be pronounced. The
lexem lol comes from
combine the inisial of each
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA word of ‘Lough Of Loud’
and it will be pronounce like
a word did not letter by
letter.
b. Caption
There are some abbreviations on caption of Wilda Zuzu, they are contraction and blends. Here is the explanation:
No. Abbreviations Stand for Type of Remark
abbreviations
1. Gk Gak /Enggak Contraction Contraction is short
form of a word that ends
in the same letter as the
word itself. The lexem
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ‘gk’ is a shortened of
word ‘enggak’ by using
part of it word.
2. Pulkam Pulang Blends Blends are formed from
kampong the part of existing
words and a
combination of the parts
of two words.
The lexem ‘ pulkam’
stand for ‘pulang
kampung’ by combine
part of word in each
word from that sentence
where lexem ‘pulkam’
comes from combine
parts ‘PULang
KAMpung’.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA c. Comment
There are some abbreviationson those comments, they are clipping word,inisialism and contraction. Here is the explanation:
No. Abbreviations Stand for Type of Remark
abbreviations
1. Ya Iya Clipping word Clipping word, syllables
are cut off from a word.
Clipping word is
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA characteristic of shorting
but the element which is
removed is not affix, but
part of the lexical items
itself. The lexem ‘ya’
stand for ‘iya’ that
shorted by using part of
its word, the lexem ‘ya’
is part of ‘iYA’.
2. Kak Kakak Clipping word Clipping word, syllables
are cut off from a word.
Clipping word is
characteristic of shorting
but the element which is
removed is not affix, but
part of the lexical items
itself. The lexem ‘kak’
stand for ‘kakak’ that
shorted by using part of
its word, the lexem ‘kak’
is part of ‘kaKAK’.
3. HBD Happy birth Initialism Initialism is a types
day abbreviation which
always written in capital.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Initialism is similar to
acronym but is not
pronounced as a word. It
gives the name for
something that is still
pronounced separately.
The lexem ‘HBD’ stand
for ‘Happy Birth Day’
where ‘H’ for ‘Happy’,
‘B’ for ‘Birth’ and ‘D’
for ‘Day’. All of
combination of these
initial are still pronuence
separately (letter by
letter).
4. Wak Uwak Clipping word Clipping word, syllables
are cut off from a word.
Clipping word is
characteristic of shorting
but the element which is
removed is not affix, but
part of the lexical items
itself. The lexem ‘wak’
stand for ‘uwak’ that
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA shorted by using part of
its word, the lexem ‘wak’
is part of ‘uWAK’.
5. Hr Hari Contraction Contraction is short form
of a word that ends in the
same letter as the word
itself. The lexem ‘hr’ is a
shortened of word ‘hari’
by using part of it word.
6. Yg Yang Contranction Contraction is short form
of a word that ends in the
same letter as the word
itself. The lexem ‘yg’ is a
shortened of word ‘yang’
by using part of it word.
d. Message
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
There are some abbreviations in message of writer and Arup Kumar Roy, they are initialism and contraction. Here is the explanation.
No. Abbreviations Stand for Type of Remark
abbreviations
1. Sms Short Initialism Initialism is a types
message abbreviation which always
service written in capital. Initialism
is similar to acronym but is
not pronounced as a word.
It gives the name for
something that is still
pronounced separately. The
lexem ‘SMS’ stand for
‘Short Message Service’
where ‘S’ for ‘Short’, ‘M’
for ‘Message’ and ‘S’ for
‘Service’. All of
combination of these initial
are still pronuence
separately (letter by letter).
2. Eldr Elder Contraction Contraction is short form of
a word that ends in the
same letter as the word
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA itself. The lexem ‘eldr’ is a
shortened of word ‘elder’
by using part of it word and
the lexem will pronounced
like word that it stand for.
3. U You Contraction Contraction is short form of
a word that ends in the
same letter as the word
itself. The lexem ‘u’ is a
shortened of word ‘you’ by
using part of it word and
the lexem will pronounced
like word that it stand for.
4. Doesn’t Does not Contraction Short way to write two
words as one by writing the
two words together, leaving
out one or more letters and
replacing the missing letters
by an apostrophe. The
lexem ‘doesn’t’ is stand for
‘does not’ that change to be
shortened by using
apostrophe.
5. I’m I am Constraction Short way to write two
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA words as one by writing the
two words together, leaving
out one or more letters and
replacing the missing letters
by an apostrophe. The
lexem ‘I’m’ is stand for ‘I
am’ that change to be
shortened by using
apostrophe.
6. Dy Day Contraction Contraction is short form of
a word that ends in the
same letter as the word
itself. The lexem ‘dy’ is a
shortened of word ‘day’ by
using part of it word and
the lexem will pronounced
like word that it stand for.
e. Meme
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA There is an abbreviation in that picture, it is inisialism. Here is the explanation:
No. Abbreviations Stand for Type of Remark
abbreviations
1. THR Tanggal hari Initialism Initialism is a types
resepsi abbreviation which
always written in capital.
Initialism is similar to
acronym but is not
pronounced as a word. It
gives the name for
something that is still
pronounced separately.
The lexem ‘THR’ stand
for ‘Tanggal Hari
Resepsi’ where ‘T’ for
‘Tanggal’, ‘H’ for ‘Hari’
and ‘R’ for ‘Resepsi’. All
of combination of these
initial are still pronuence
separately (letter by
letter).
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
4.1.2 Instagram
According to theory of Weakly and Schendl (2001), there are five types of abbreviation. They are clipping word, acronyms, initialsm, blends, and contraction. Here is analyzing types of abbreviation in instagram:
a. Caption
There is an abbreviation in that picture, it is contraction. Here is the explanation:
No. abbreviations Stand for Type of Remark
abbreviations
1. Couldn’t Could not Contraction Short way to write two
words as one by writing
the two words together,
leaving out one or more
letters and replacing the
missing letters by an
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA apostrophe. The lexem
‘couldn’t’ is stand for
‘could not’ that change to
be shortened by using
apostrophe.
2. I’m I am Contraction Short way to write two
words as one by writing
the two words together,
leaving out one or more
letters and replacing the
missing letters by an
apostrophe. The lexem
‘I’m’ is stand for ‘I am’
that change to be
shortened by using
apostrophe.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
b. Comment
There are abbreviations on those pictures above, they are clipping word and inisialism. Here is the explanation:
No. Abbreviations Stand for Type of Remark
abbreviations
1. Ya Iya Clipping word Clipping word, syllables
are cut off from a word.
Clipping word is
characteristic of shorting
but the element which is
removed is not affix, but
part of the lexical items
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA itself. The lexem ‘ya’
stand for ‘iya’ that shorted
by using part of its word,
the lexem ‘ya’ is part of
‘iYA’.
2. PKD Pening pala Initialism Initialism is a types
kakak dek abbreviation which
always written in capital.
Initialism is similar to
acronym but is not
pronounced as a word. It
gives the name for
something that is still
pronounced separately.
The lexem ‘PKD’ stand
for ‘Tanggal Hari
Resepsi’ where ‘P’ for
‘Pening pala’, ‘K’ for
‘Kakak’ and ‘D’ for
‘Dek’. All of combination
of these initial are still
pronuence separately
(letter by letter).
3. kak Kakak Clipping word Clipping word, syllables
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA are cut off from a word.
Clipping word is
characteristic of shorting
but the element which is
removed is not affix, but
part of the lexical items
itself. The lexem ‘kak’
stand for ‘kakak’ that
shorted by using part of
its word, the lexem ‘kak’
is part of ‘kaKAK’.
4. Pak Bapak Clipping word Clipping word, syllables
are cut off from a word.
Clipping word is
characteristic of shorting
but the element which is
removed is not affix, but
part of the lexical items
itself. The lexem ‘pak’
stand for ‘bapak’ that
shorted by using part of
its word, the lexem ‘pak’
is part of ‘baPAK’.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
c. Message
There are some abbreviations on those messages, they are clipping word, blends and contraction. Here is the explanation:
No. Abbreviations Stand for Type of Remark
abbreviations
1. Wak Uwak Clipping word Clipping word, syllables
are cut off from a word.
Clipping word is
characteristic of shorting
but the element which is
removed is not affix, but
part of the lexical items
itself. The lexem ‘wak’
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA stand for ‘uwak’ that
shorted by using part of
its word, the lexem ‘wak’
is part of ‘uWAK’.
2. Gak Enggak Clipping word Clipping word, syllables
are cut off from a word.
Clipping word is
characteristic of shorting
but the element which is
removed is not affix, but
part of the lexical items
itself. The lexem ‘gak’
stand for ‘enggak’ that
shorted by using part of
its word, the lexem ‘gak’
is part of ‘engGAK’.
3. Bukber Buka Blends Blends are formed from
bareng the part of existing words
and a combination of the
parts of two words.
The lexem ‘ bukber’ stand
for ‘buka bareng’ by
combine part of word in
each word from that
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA sentence where lexem
‘bukber’ comes from
combine parts ‘BUKa
BAReng’.
4. Sm Sama Contraction Contraction is short form
of a word that ends in the
same letter as the word
itself. The lexem ‘sm’ is a
shortened of word ‘sama’
by using part of it word
and the lexem will
pronounced like word that
it stand for.
5. Kls Kelas Contraction Contraction is short form
of a word that ends in the
same letter as the word
itself. The lexem ‘kls’ is a
shortened of word ‘kelas’
by using part of it word
and the lexem will
pronounced like word that
it stand for.
6. Tlp Telepon Contraction Contraction is short form
of a word that ends in the
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA same letter as the word
itself. The lexem ‘tlp’ is a
shortened of word
‘telepon’ by using part of
it word and the lexem will
pronounced like word that
it stand for.
7. No Nomor Clipping word Clipping word, syllables
are cut off from a word.
Clipping word is
characteristic of shorting
but the element which is
removed is not affix, but
part of the lexical items
itself. The lexem ‘no’
stand for ‘nomor’ that
shorted by using part of
its word, the lexem ‘no’ is
part of ‘NOmor’.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
d. Meme
There is an abbreviation in that picture, that is blends. Here is the explanation:
No. Abbreviations Stand for Type of Remark
abbreviations
1. Despacito Deketin situ Blends Blends are formed from
pake cincin the part of existing
dan deposito words and a
combination of the
parts of two words.
The lexem ‘ despacito’
stand for ‘deketin situ
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA pake cincin dan
deposito’ by combine
part of word in each
word from that
sentence where lexem
‘despacito’ comes from
combine parts ‘DEketin
Situ PAke CIncin dan
DEposito’.
4.1.3 The Reason of People Using abbreviations
It was found that there are three reasons of people to express their status, caption, comment, message, and meme by using abbreviation. They are because of need to write briefly and quickly, the limited of typing space, and as a trend in society.
1. The need to write briefly and quickly
The peoples are want all of instant and quick process, by using abbreviations is regarded a best way to write quickly.
2. The limited of typing space
The limited of typing in smartphone is a reason why people uses abbreviations in their status, caption, comment, message, and meme. Abbreviations regarded minimize the characters of typing.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3. As a trend in society
Trend is a phenomenon that something become popular and used with all people in society. Anything can be a trend, one of that is language. Abbreviations is phenomenon of language that happening right now, recently is very popular in young generation to use abbreviations PHO stand for Pemberi Harapan Palsu and
PHP stand for Perusak Hubungan Orang.
4.2 Findings
From the analysis, it shows that abbreviations are the less dominant language that is used in Facebook and Instagram. There are 142 status, caption, comment, message, and meme consist of 892 abbreviations in 1st January 2017 to
23th july 2017. From 892 abbreviations will classify in 5 types, they are : clipping word, acronym, initialism, blends, and contraction. The reasons of people to used abbreviations are the need to write briefly and quickly, the limited of typing space, and as a trend in society. Here are the abbreviations that often used in facebook and instagram.
No. Abbreviations Stand for Types of abbreviations
A
1. Abg Abang Contraction
2. Abs Abis/ habis Contraction
3. Ad Ada Clipping word
4. Ap Apa Clipping word
5. Aq Aku Contraction
6. Au Kau / kamu Clipping word
7. a.n Atas nama Initialism
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 8. Ama Sama Clipping word
9. Andilau Antara dilemma dan galau Blends
10. Aja Saja Clipping word
11. Agk Agak Contraction
12. Adk Adik Contraction
13. Ambl Ambil Contraction
14. Ank Anak Contraction
15. Ats Atas Contraction
16. Awg Awag Contraction
17. Aynk Ayank Contraction
B
18. BB Blackberry Contraction
19. Bm Blackberry messenger Initialism
20. br Baru Contraction
21. Bs Bisa Contraction
22. Bang Abang Clipping word
23. Bgt Banget Contraction
24. Bkn Bukan Contraction
25. Bwt Buat Contraction
26. Batita Bawah tiga tahun Blends
27. Balita Bawah lima tahun Blends
28. BPKB Buku Pemilik Kendaraan Initialism
Bermotor
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA C
29. Cpk Capek Contraction
30. Cpt Cepat Contraction
31. Cb Coba Contraction
32. C See Contraction
33. Can’t Can not Contraction
34. CLBK Cinta Lama Bersemi Initialism
Kembali
35. Capres Calon presiden Blends
36. Cin Cinta Clipping word
37. Cmn Cemana Contraction
38. CPNS Calon Pegawai Negeri Sipil Initialism
D
39. Don’t Do not Contraction
40. Dmn Dimana Contraction
41. Da Ada Clipping word
42. Dr Dari Contraction
43. Dst Dan seterusnya Initialism
44. Dsb Dan sebagainya Initialism
45. Dgn Dengan Contraction
46. DM Direct Message Initialism
47. Dpn Depan Contraction
48. Dpt Dapat Contraction
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 49. DO Drop Out Initialism
50. DND Do Not Disturb Initialism
E
51. Emg Emang Contraction
52. EGP Emang Gue Pikirin Initialism
53. Enk Enak Contraction
54. Etc. Et cetera Initialism
55. Eps. Episode Contraction
F
56. FIB Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Initialism
57. FISIP Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Acronym
Ilmu Politik
G
58. Gi Lagi Clipping word
59. Gegana Gelisah galau merana Blends
60. Gapapa Enggak apa-apa Blends
61. Gak Enggak Clipping word
62. Gmn Gimana Contraction
63. GWS Get well soon Initialism
64. Gbu God bless you Initialism
65. GOR Gelanggang olahraga Acronym
H
66. Hny Hanya Contraction
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 67. Hbs Habis Contraction
68. Hr Hari Contraction
I
69. Ikt Ikut Contraction
70. IQ Intelligence Quotient Initialism
71. ITB Institute Teknologi Bandung Initialism
72. IMSI Ikatan Mahasiswa Sastra Acronym
Inggris
J
73. Jgn Jangan Contraction
74. Jg Juga Contraction
75. Ja Saja Clipping word
76. Jmp Jumpa Contraction
77. Jln. Jalan Contraction
K
78. Kmn Kemana Contraction
79. KB Keluarga Berencana Initialism
80. Kek Kakek Clipping word
81. Kajol Kagak jolas Blends
82. KM Kilo Meter Initialism
83. Kpn Kapan Contraction
84. Kls Kelas Contraction
85. Kyk Kayak Contraction
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA L
86. Lbh Lebih Contraction
87. Lm Lama Contraction
88. Lg Lagi Contraction
89. Lau Kalau Clipping word
M
90. Mn Mana Contraction
91. Ma Sama Clipping word
92. Macan Mama cantik Blends
93. Mcm Macam Contraction
94. MC Master of Ceremony Initialism
95. Mr. Mister Contraction
N
96. N And Contraction
97. Nyk Nanyak Contraction
98. NKRI Negara Kesatuan Republik Initialism
Indonesia
99. Np Napa Contraction
100. Ni Ini Clipping word
101. Ngsi Ngasi Contraction
102. No Nomor Clipping word
O
103. OO Out of order Initialism
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 104. OSIS Organisasi Siswa Intra Acronym
Sekolah
105. Otw On the way Initialism
P
106. Pa Apa Clipping word
107. Pi Tapi Clipping word
108. PHO Perusak Hubungan Orang Initialism
109. PHP Pemberi Harapan Palsu Initialism
110. Pd Pada Contraction
111. PM Personal Message Contraction
112. Pke Pake / pakai Contraction
Q
113. Q Ku Contraction
R
114. RSUD Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Initialism
115. Rpny Rupanya Contraction
116. Ru Baru Clipping word
117. R Are Contraction
S
118. Sm Sama Contraction
119. Spy Supaya Contraction
120. She’s She is Contraction
121. Sna Sana Contraction
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 122. STIKes Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Acronym
Kesehatan
T
123. Tp Tapi Contraction
124. Td Tadi Contraction
125. TST Tahu Sama Tahu Initialism
126. Tsb Tersebut Contraction
127. There’s There is Contraction
U
128. Untk Untuk Contraction
129. Uda Sudah Clipping word
130. U You Contraction
W
131. Wkt Waktu Contraction
132. Wlw Walau Contraction
133. Wib Waktu Indonesia Barat Acronym
134. WYATB Wish you all the best Initialism
X
135. X Kali Acronym
Y
136. Yg Yang Contraction
137. Y Iya Contraction
138. YNWA You Never Walk Alone Initialism
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Z
139. Z Saja Contraction
Using abbreviations is more dominant used. The percentage of the characteristics is used can be seen below:
= 100% 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝑛𝑛 𝑥𝑥 Note: 𝑁𝑁 n : the percentage of dominant abbreviations
Fx : the dominant abbreviations
N : the total number of abbreviations
Here is the table of percentage of abbreviations used in facebook by using
Weakly and Schendl theory (2001):
a. Status
No. Types of abbreviations Total used Percentage
1. Clipping word 76 20,54%
2. Acronym 0 0
3. Initialism 5 1,35%
4. Blends 1 0,27%
5. Contraction 188 50,81%
TOTAL ABBREVIATIONS 270 100%
The table above shows, there are 270 abbreviations that found in status of facebook. The types of abbreviations that used in status which has a highest percentage is contraction (50,81%), the second is clipping word (20,54%), the
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA third is initialism (1,35%), the fourth is blends (0,27%), and the zero percentage is acronym.
b. Caption
No. Types of abbreviations Total used Percentage
1. Clipping word 9 8,73%
2. Acronym 0 0
3. Initialism 1 0,97%%
4. Blends 3 2,91%
5. Contraction 90 87,37%
TOTAL ABBREVIATIONS 103 100%
The table above shows, there are 103 abbreviations that found in caption of facebook. The types of abbreviations that used in caption which has a highest percentage is contraction (87,37%), the second is clipping word (8,73%), the third is blends (2,91%), the fourth is initialism (0,97%), and the zero percentage is acronym.
c. Comment
No. Types of abbreviations Total used Percentage
1. Clipping word 42 28,6%
2. Acronym 0 0
3. Initialism 3 2,04%
4. Blends 1 2,72%
5. Contraction 98 66,7%
TOTAL ABBREVIATIONS 144 100%
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
The table above shows, there are 144 abbreviations in comment of facebook. The types of abbreviations that used in comment which has a highest percentage is contraction (66,7%), the second is clipping word (28,6%), the third is blends
(2,72%), the fourth isinitialism (2,04%), and the zero percentage is acronym.
d. Message
No. Types of abbreviations Total used Percentage
1. Clipping word 16 18,6%
2. Acronym 0 0
3. Initialism 5 3,49%
4. Blends 0 0
5. Contraction 67 77,9%
TOTAL ABBREVIATIONS 88 100%
The table above shows, there are 88 abbreviations in message of facebook. The types of abbreviations that used in message which has a highest percentage is contraction (77,9%), the second is clipping word (18,6%), the third is initialism
(3,49%), and the zero percentage are acronym and blends.
e. Meme
No. Types of abbreviations Total used Percentage
1. Clipping word 38 53,52%
2. Acronym 2 2,81%
3. Initialism 10 14,08%
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4. Blends 4 5,63%
5. Contraction 17 23,94%
TOTAL ABBREVIATIONS 71 100%
The table above shows, there are 71 abbreviations that found in meme of facebook. The types of abbreviations that used in meme which has a highest percentage is clipping word (53,52%), the second is contraction (23,94%), the third is initialism (14,08%), the fourth is blends (5,63%), and the last percentage is acronym (2,81%).
Here is the table of percentage of abbreviations used in instagram by using
Weakly and Schendl theory (2001):
a. Caption
No. Types of abbreviations Total used Percentage
1. Clipping word 2 3,17%
2. Acronym 0 0
3. Initialism 7 11,11%
4. Blends 2 3,17%
5. Contraction 52 82,53%
TOTAL ABBREVIATIONS 63 100%
The table above shows, there are 63 abbreviations in caption of instagram. The types of abbreviations that used in caption which has a highest percentage is contraction (82,53%), the second is initialism (11,11%), the third areclipping word and blends (3,17%), and the zero percentage is acronym.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA b. Comment
No. Types of abbreviations Total used Percentage
1. Clipping word 22 43,13%
2. Acronym 0 0
3. Initialism 3 5,89%
4. Blends 1 1,96%
5. Contraction 25 49,01%
TOTAL ABBREVIATIONS 51 100%
The table above shows, there are 51 abbreviations in comment of instagram. The types of abbreviations that used in comment which has a highest percentage is contraction (49,01%), the second is clipping word (43,13%), the third is initialism
(5,89%), the fourth is blends (1,96%), and the zero percentage is acronym.
c. Message
No. Types of abbreviations Total used Percentage
1. Clipping word 29 38,16%
2. Acronym 0 0
3. Initialism 5 6,56%
4. Blends 2 2,63%
5. Contraction 40 52,63%
TOTAL ABBREVIATIONS 76 100%
The table above shows, there are abbreviations 76 in message of instagram. The types of abbreviations that used in message which has a highest percentage is
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA contraction (52,63%), the second is clipping word (38,16%), the third is initialism
(6,56%), the fourth is blends (2,63%), and the zero percentage is acronym.
d. Meme
No. Types of abbreviations Total used Percentage
1. Clipping word 1 4%
2. Acronym 2 8%
3. Initialism 5 20%
4. Blends 11 44%
5. Contraction 6 24%
TOTAL ABBREVIATIONS 25 100%
The table above shows, there are 25 abbreviations in meme of instagram. The types of abbreviations that used in status which has a highest percentage is blends
(44%), the second is contraction (24%), the third is initialism (20%), the fourth is acronym (8%), and the last is clipping word (4%).
From all of those percentages, the writer makes a table of total percentage of abbreviations type that used in facebook and instagram. The following is total percentage of all abbreviations in facebook and instagram:
No. Types of abbreviations Total used Percentage
1. Clipping word 235 26,34%
2. Acronym 4 0,5%
3. Initialism 42 4,7%
4. Blends 28 3,14%
5. Contraction 583 65,36%
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TOTAL ABBREVIATIONS 892 100%
Contraction is a type of abbreviations that very commonly used because it has a higher percentage than all other types. From table of total percentage of abbreviations, above it was found contraction gets(65,36%), clipping word gets
(26,34%), initialism gets (4,7%), blends gets (3,14%), and acronym gets (0,5%).
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion
Based on the data analysis, the conclusions are stated as the follows:
1. There are five types of abbreviations from Weakly and Schendl theory
(2001) they are clipping word, acronym, initialism, blends and contraction.
There are 139 characteristics of abbreviations that often used in facebook
and instagram.
2. The dominant types of abbreviations in facebook and instagram are
contraction with amount 583 (65,36%) in 142 status, caption, comment,
message, and meme consist of 892 abbreviations. The second is clipping
word with amount 253 (26,34%) in 142 status, caption, comment,
message, and meme consist of 892 abbreviations. The third is inisialism
with amount 42 (4,7%) in 142 status, caption, comment, message, and
meme consist of 892 abbreviations. The fourth is blends that found amount
28 (3,14%) in 142 status, caption, comment, message, and meme consist
of 892 abbreviations. And acronymwith amount 4 (0,5%) in 142 status,
caption, comment, message, and meme consist of 892 abbreviations.
3. There are three reasons for people to use abbreviations in facebook and
instagram,they are the need to write briefly and quickly, the limited of
typing space, and as a trend in society.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 5.2 Suggestion
Having seen the result of this study, the writer would like to offer some suggestions to be considered by those who are interested in studying about abbreviations and in making further research about it. They are as follows:
1. It is suggested that other researchers should make further research which
more characteristics of abbreviations.
2. It is suggested that usesr of abbreviations keep using the right and standard
languageespecially in formal situation because some people cannot
understand with some characteristics of abbreviations.
3. It is suggested that users of facebook and isntagram can use abbreviations
that common to used because facebook and instagram can access by all
people to avoid missunderstanding.
4. One of reason for people to used abbreviations is as a trend in society, it
suggested that users of facebook and instagram are not using abbreviations
in all the time especially when write a message. The users of facebook and
instagram must adapt depends on the people who are going to send a
message.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA REFERENCES
Alwi, Hasan. 1984. Tata Baku Bahasa Indonesia EdisiKetiga. Jakarta:
BalaiPustaka.
Anwar, Khaidir. 1984. Tata Baku Bahasa Indonesia EdisiKetiga. Jakarta:
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Chaer, Abdul. 1993. PembakuanBahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Clark, H and Eve. V. C. 1977. Psychology and Language: An Introduction to
Psycholinguistics. New York: Harcount.
Harimurti, Krisdalaksana. 1989. Pembentukan Kata DalamBahasa Indonesia.
Jakarta: GramediaPustakaUtama.
Herbert, Schendl.et.al. 2001. Historical Linguistics. New York: Oxford University
Press.
Holmes, J. 2001. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. England: Longman.
Irawan, Jelvi. 2013. Types of Indonesian Abbreviations Found in The
EkonomiBisnis Rubric of Padang Express Newspaper. Padang:
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Indonesia. Unpublishe Thesis.
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PropertiSuratKabarKompas.Universitas Indonesia.Unpublished Thesis.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Moskowitz, Merle J. and Arthur R. Orgel. 1969. General Psychology: A Core
Text in Human Behavior. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
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Kualitatif.html/2011/01/http://www.zonainfosemua.blogspot.co.id
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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA APPENDIX
DATA 1
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
APPENDIX
DATA I
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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA DATA II
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DATA III
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DATA IV
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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA DATA V
V
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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Nama :
Usia :
Nama akun facebook/ instagram :
Berikan tanda checklist ( ) pada jawaban yang paling sesuai dengan anda.
1. Apakah anda menggunakan pemendekan (abreviasi) dalam penulisan status, caption, komen, pesan, atau meme di facebook and instagram?
Jawab: Ya Tidak
2. Tuliskan alasan anda menggunakan abreviasi dalam penulisan status, caption, komen, pesan, atau meme di facebook dan instagram?
Jawab: agar lebih cepat dan praktis
Untuk menghemat batas pengetikan
Sebagai kode pribadi untuk menyamarkan makna
Sebagai trend dalam masyarakat
3. Tuliskan contoh abreviasi yang paling sering anda gunakan dalam penulisan status, caption, komen, pesan, atau meme di facebook dan instagram!
Jawab:
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