Revision – 2005 ENGLISH - 1 acoustically-defined permafrost beaded drainage (→ beaded stream) (→ ice-bonded permafrost) beaded stream (44) active air-cooled thermal pile (2) biennially frozen ground (→ pereletok) active construction methods in permafrost bimodal flow (→ retrogressive thaw slump) (3) block field (47) active frost (→ seasonal frost) blockmeer (→ block field) active ice wedge (5) bottom temperature of the snow cover (BTS) active layer (6) (49) active-layer failure (7) boulder field (→ block field) active-layer glide (→ active-layer failure) BTS method (BTS measurements) (51) active-layer thickness (9) bugor (→ frost mound) active liquid-refrigerant thermal pile (10) bulgunniakh (→ closed-system pingo) active rock glacier (11) buried ice (54) active thermokarst (12) button drainage (→ beaded stream) active zone (→ active layer) cave ice (56) adfreeze / adfreezing (14) cave-in lake (→ thermokarst lake) adfreeze strength (15) cemetery mound (→ thermokarst mound) adfreezing force (→ adfreeze strength) chrystocrene / crystocrene (→ icing) adsorbed water (→ interfacial water) climafrost (→ permafrost) aggradational ice (18) closed-cavity ice (61) air freezing index (19) closed-system freezing (62) air thawing index (20) closed-system pingo (63) alas / alass (21) closed talik (64) albedo (22) coefficient of compressibility (65) alpine permafrost (→ mountain permafrost) collapse scar (66) altiplanation terrace (→ cryoplanation collapsed pingo (→ pingo remnant) terrace) composite wedge (68) altitudinal permafrost limit (25) congelifluction (→ gelifluction) altitudinal permafrost zonation (26) congelifraction (→ frost wedging) annual frost zone (→ active layer) congeliturbate / congeliturbation annually frozen/thawed layer (→ active (→ cryoturbate / cryoturbation) layer) conglomeric cryogenic fabric (72) anti-syngenetic ice wedge (29) construction methods in permafrost (73) apparent heat capacity (30) contemporary permafrost (→ equilibrium approximate freezing index (31) permafrost) approximate thawing index (32) continental permafrost (→ onshore artificial ground freezing (33) permafrost) aufeis (→ icing) continuous permafrost (76) banded cryogenic fabric (35) continuous permafrost zone (77) barrens (36) contraction crack (→ thermal-contraction basal cryopeg (37) crack) basal cryostructure (38) creep of frozen ground (or ice) (79) basal heave (→ frost heave) creep strength (80) basal-layered cryostructure (40) critical ice content (→ ice content) baydzherakh (→ thermokarst mound) beaded channel (→ beaded stream) 2 – ENGLISH Revision - 2005 critical water content (→ total water delayed strength (125) content) density of frozen ground (126) crust-like cryostructure (83) depressed-centre polygon (→ low-centre cryic layer (→ permafrost) polygon) cryoatmosphere (→ cryosphere) depth of seasonal frost penetration (128) cryoepigenesis (→ cryogenesis) depth of minimal annual amplitude cryofront (87) (→ depth of zero annual amplitude) cryogenesis (88) depth of thaw (130) cryogenic aquiclude (89) depth of zero annual amplitude (131) cryogenic fabric (90) depth to permafrost (→ permafrost table) cryogenic mound (→ frost mound) desiccation crack (133) cryogenic soil (→ cryosol) desiccation polygon (134) cryogenic structure (→ cryostructure) design depth of frost penetration (135) cryogenic suction (→ cryosuction) design freezing index (136) cryogenic temperature (95) design thawing index (137) cryogenic texture (→ cryotexture) detachment failure (138) cryogenic weathering (→ frost weathering) dielectric constant (139) cryohydrosphere (→ cryosphere) dilation crack (140) cryokarst (→ thermokarst) dilation-crack ice (141) discontinuous permafrost (142) cryolaccolith (→ frost blister; open-system discontinuous permafrost zone (143) pingo) disequilibrium permafrost (144) cryolithology (101) drunken forest (145) cryolithosphere (→ cryosphere) dry density (146) cryolithozone (→ permafrost zone) dry frozen ground (147) cryology (→ geocryology) dry permafrost (148) cryomorphic soil (→ cryosol) dynamic modulus of elasticity (149) cryopedology (106) dynamic Poisson's ratio (150) cryopeg (107) earth hummock (151) cryoplanation (108) earth mound (→ earth hummock) cryoplanation terrace (109) East Greenland pingo (→ open-system cryosol (110) pingo) cryosolic soil (→ cryosol) electrical conductivity (154) cryosphere (112) electrical properties (155) cryostatic pressure (→ freezing pressure) electrical resistivity (156) cryostructure (114) epigenetic ice (157) cryosuction (115) epigenetic ice wedge (158) cryosyngenesis (→ cryogenesis) epigenetic permafrost (159) cryotexture (117) equilibrium permafrost (160) cryotic ground (118) excess ice (161) cryoturbate (119) extensive discontinuous permafrost (162) cryoturbation (120) fabric (163) debris flow (121) felsenmeer (→ block field) deformability (122) fissure ice (→ vein ice) degree-day (123) fissure polygon (→ polygon) degree of saturation (124) flood ice (→ icing) Revision – 2005 ENGLISH - 3 fluvio-thermal erosion (→ thermal erosion) frost polygon (→ polygon) foliated ice (→ wedge ice) frost prying (→ frost wedging) fossil ice (→ relict ice) frost riving (→ frost wedging) fossil ice wedge (→ ice-wedge cast) frost-sensitive soil (→ frost-susceptible soil) fossil permafrost (→ relict permafrost) frost shattering (216) fossil pingo (→ pingo scar) frost sorting (217) fossil thermokarst (→ thermokarst) frost splitting (→ frost wedging) fragmic cryogenic fabric (175) frost-stable ground (219) fragmoidal cryogenic fabric (176) frost-stable soil (220) free water (177) frost stirring (→ cryoturbation) freeze-thaw action (→ frost action) frost suction (→ cryosuction) freeze-thaw cycle (179) frost-susceptible ground (223) freezeback (180) frost-susceptible soil (224) freezing (181) frost table (→ thawing front) freezing degree-day (→ degree-day) frost weathering (226) freezing front (183) frost wedge (→ ice wedge) freezing index (184) frost wedging (228) freezing-induced pressure (→ freezing frozen fringe (229) pressure) frozen ground (230) freezing plane (→ freezing front) frozen zone (→ cryosphere) freezing point (187) gas hydrate (232) freezing-point depression (188) gelifluction (233) freezing pressure (189) gelifraction (→ frost wedging) friable permafrost (190) geocryology (235) frost (191) geothermal gradient (236) frost action (192) geothermal heat flux (237) frost blister (193) granic cryogenic fabric (238) frost boil (194) granoidic cryogenic fabric (239) frost bulb (195) graveyard mound (→ thermokarst mound) frost bursting (→ frost wedging) gravimetric water content (241) frost churning (→ cryoturbation) ground heave (→ frost heave) frost crack (→ thermal-contraction crack) ground ice (243) frost-crack polygon (→ polygon) ground-ice mound (→ frost mound) frost creep (200) ground-ice slump (→ retrogressive thaw frost fissure (→ thermal-contraction crack) slump) frost front (→ cryofront) ground-ice wedge (→ ice wedge) frost grip (→ adfreeze strength) ground icing (→ icing) frost heave (204) ground settlement (→ thaw settlement) frost-heave extent (205) ground slumping (→ detachment failure; frost-heave pressure (→ heaving pressure) thaw slumping) frost hummock (→ frost mound) groundwater icing (→ icing) frost jacking (208) hard frozen ground (251) frost mound (209) heat capacity (252) frost penetration (210) heat pipe (→ thermosyphon) frost phenomena (211) heaving pressure (254) 4 – ENGLISH Revision - 2005 high-altitude permafrost (→ mountain intermediate discontinuous permafrost (299) permafrost) interstitial ice (→ pore ice) high-centre polygon (256) intrapermafrost water (301) hydration shattering (→ frost shattering) intrusive ice (302) hydraulic conductivity (258) island permafrost (→ isolated patches of hydraulic diffusivity (259) permafrost) hydraulic pingo (→ open-system pingo) isoband cryogenic fabric (304) hydraulic thawing (261) isolated cryopeg (305) hydrochemical talik (262) isolated patches of permafrost (306) hydrocryosphere (→ cryosphere) isolated talik (307) hydrofrost (→ gas hydrate) kurum (308) hydrolaccolith (→ frost blister) lake talik (309) hydrostatic pingo (→ closed-system pingo) latent heat (of fusion) (310) hydrothermal talik (267) lateral talik (311) ice (268) latitudinal permafrost limit (312) ice-bearing permafrost (269) latitudinal permafrost zonation (313) ice blister (→ icing blister) layered cryostructure (314) ice-bonded permafrost (271) lens ice (315) ice cement (→ pore ice) lens type cryostructure (316) ice content (273) level of zero annual amplitude (→ depth of ice-cored topography (274) zero annual amplitude) ice gneiss (→ segregated ice) liquid water content (→ unfrozen water ice lens (276) content) ice mound (→ icing mound) long-term strength (319) ice-nucleation temperature (278) low-centre polygon (320) ice-rich permafrost (279) Mackenzie Delta pingo (→ closed-system ice segregation (280) pingo) ice slump (→ retrogressive thaw slump) macro-scale polygon (322) ice vein (282) marine cryopeg (323) ice veinlet (→ ice vein) mass wasting (324) ice wedge (284) massive-agglomerate cryostructure (325) ice-wedge cast (285) massive cryostructure (326) ice-wedge polygon (286) massive ice (327) ice-wedge pseudomorph (→ ice-wedge cast) massive-porous cryostructure (328) mean annual ground-surface temperature iciness (288) (MAGST) (329) icing (289) mean annual ground temperature (MAGT) icing blister (290) (330) icing glade (291) mechanical properties (331) icing mound (292) mechanical strength (332) in-situ freezing (→ closed-system freezing) mezhalasye (→ alas) inactive ice wedge (294) micro-scale polygon (334) inactive rock glacier (295) minerogenic palsa (335) injection ice (→ intrusive ice) moisture content (→ total water content) insular permafrost (→ isolated patches of mollisol (→ active layer) permafrost) mountain permafrost (338) interfacial water (298) Revision – 2005 ENGLISH - 5 mud boil (→ frost boil) pereletok (381) mud circle (340) perennial frost mound (→ pingo) mud-debris tongue (→ solifluction lobe) perennially frozen ground (→ permafrost) mud hummock (→ earth hummock) perforating talik (→ open talik) multiple retrogressive slide (343) pergelic soil (→ cryosol) n-factor (344) periglacial (386) naled (→ icing) periglacial phenomena (387) needle ice (346) periglacial processes (388) non-frost-susceptible ground (→ frost-stable permacrete (389) ground) permafrost (390) non-frost-susceptible soil (→ frost-stable permafrost aggradation (391) soil) permafrost base (392) noncryotic ground (349) permafrost boundary (393) nonsorted circle (350) permafrost creep (→ creep of frozen nonsorted net (351) ground) nonsorted polygon (352) permafrost degradation (395) nonsorted step (353) permafrost limit (396) nonsorted stripe (354) permafrost mound (→ frost mound) offshore permafrost (→ subsea permafrost) permafrost region (398) onshore permafrost (356) permafrost table (399) open-cavity ice (357) permafrost thickness (400) open-system freezing (358) permafrost zone (401) open-system pingo (359) permanently frozen ground (→ permafrost) open talik (360) piercing talik (→ open talik) orbiculic cryogenic fabric (361) pingo (404) organic cryosol (362) pingo ice (405) organic terrain (→ peatland) pingo remnant (406) oriented lake (364) pingo scar (407) overflow ice (→ icing) pipkrake (→ needle ice) palsa (366) planetary permafrost (409) palsa bog (367) plastic frozen ground (410) palsa plateau (→ peat plateau) plateau permafrost (→ mountain permafrost) partially-bonded permafrost (369) Poisson's ratio (412) passive construction methods in permafrost polygon (413) (370) polygon furrow (→ polygon trough) passive single-phase thermal pile (371) polygon trough (415) passive two-phase thermal pile (372) polygonal ground (→ patterned ground) patterned ground (373) polygonal pattern (417) peat (374) polygonal peat plateau (418) peat hummock (375) poorly-bonded permafrost (419) peat mound (→ palsa) pore ice (420) peat plateau (377) pore water (421) peatland (378) pressure-melting (422) penecontemporaneous ice (→ syngenetic raised-centre polygon (→ high-centre ice) polygon) penetrating talik (→ open talik) relative permittivity (424) 6 – ENGLISH Revision - 2005 relict active layer (425) snowmelt (465) relict ice (426) snowpack (→ snowcover) relict permafrost (427) snowpatch (467) residual stress (428) soil ice (→ ground ice) residual thaw layer (429) soil wedge (469) reticulate-blocky cryostructure (430) solifluction (470) reticulate cryostructure (431) solifluction apron (471) reticulate ice (432) solifluction bench (→ solifluction terrace) retrogressive thaw-flow slide solifluction features (473) (→ retrogressive thaw slump) solifluction lobe (474) retrogressive thaw slump (434) solifluction mantle (→ solifluction sheet) ribbed fen (→ string fen) solifluction sheet (476) river talik (436) solifluction step (→ solifluction terrace) rock glacier (437) solifluction terrace (478) rock shattering (→ frost weathering) sorted circle (479) saline permafrost (439) sorted net (480) salinity (440) sorted polygon (481) sand wedge (441) sorted step (482) sand-wedge polygon (442) sorted stripe (483) scattered permafrost (→ isolated patches of specific heat capacity (484) permafrost) sporadic permafrost (485) sea-bed (sea-bottom) permafrost (→ subsea spring icing (→ icing) permafrost) static cryosol (487) seasonal freezing index (445) stone-banked solifluction lobe (488) seasonal frost (446) stone-banked solifluction terrace (489) seasonal pingo (→ frost blister) stone festoon (→ stone garland) seasonal thawing index (448) stone field (→ block field) seasonally-active permafrost (449) stone garland (492) seasonally frozen ground (450) stony earth circle (493) seasonally frozen layer (SFL) {active layer string bog (→ string fen) outside permafrost areas} (451) string fen (495) seasonally thawed ground (452) sub-seabed permafrost (→ subsea seasonally thawed layer (STL) {active layer permafrost) in permafrost areas} (453) subglacial permafrost (497) segregated ice (454) subglacial talik (498) segregation potential (455) sublimation ice (499) short-term strength (456) submarine permafrost (→ subsea sill ice (→ intrusive ice) permafrost) single-phase thermosyphon (458) subpermafrost water (501) sirloin ice (→ segregated ice) subsea permafrost (502) skin flow (→ detachment failure; subsea talik (503) active-layer failure) subsurface ice (→ ground ice) snow (461) supercooling (505) snowcover (462) suprapermafrost water (506) snowdrift (463) surface freezing index (507) snowline (464) surface thawing index (508) Revision – 2005 ENGLISH - 7 suscitic cryogenic fabric (509) thermal pile (551) syngenetic ice (510) thermal properties (552) syngenetic ice wedge (511) thermal regime of the ground (553) syngenetic permafrost (512) thermal talik (554) Taber ice (→ segregated ice) thermo-erosional cirque (555) Taimyr polygon (→ polygon) thermo-erosional niche (556) talik (515) thermocirque (→ thermo-erosional cirque) tangential adfreeze strength (→ adfreeze thermokarst (558) strength) thermokarst lake (559) taryn {gigantic icing} (→ icing) thermokarst mound (560) temperature profile (518) thermokarst terrain (561) terrestrial permafrost (→ onshore thermopile (→ thermal pile) permafrost) thermosyphon (563) tesselation (→ sand wedge) thermotube (→ thermosyphon) thaw basin (521) through talik (→ open talik) thaw bulb (522) thufur (566) thaw consolidation (523) total annual freezing index (567) thaw consolidation ratio (524) total annual thawing index (568) thaw depression (→ thaw basin) total water content (569) thaw hole (→ thaw sink) transient talik (570) thaw lake (→ thermokarst lake) tundra (571) thaw penetration (528) tundra hummock (→ earth hummock) thaw pit (→ thaw sink) tundra polygon (→ polygon) thaw-sensitive permafrost (530) turbic cryosol (574) thaw settlement (531) turf-banked solifluction lobe (575) thaw sink (532) turf-banked solifluction terrace (576) thaw slumping (533) turf hummock (577) thaw softening (→ thaw weakening) two-layer permafrost (578) thaw-stable permafrost (535) two-phase thermosyphon (579) thaw strain (536) unfrozen ground (580) thaw unconformity (537) unfrozen water content (581) thaw-unstable permafrost (→ thaw-sensitive upfreezing of objects (→ frost jacking) permafrost) upper surface of permafrost (→ permafrost thaw weakening (539) table) thawed ground (540) upward freezing (584) thawing (541) vein ice (585) thawing degree-day (→ degree-day) volumetric heat capacity (586) thawing front (543) volumetric latent heat (587) thawing index (544) volumetric water content (588) thermal conductivity (545) water body encircling a palsa (589) thermal-contraction crack (546) water content (→ total water content) thermal-contraction-crack ice (547) wedge ice (591) thermal diffusivity (548) well-bonded permafrost (592) thermal erosion (549) widespread discontinuous permafrost thermal expansion (or contraction) (→ extensive discontinuous permafrost) coefficient (550) winter frost (→ seasonal frost) 8 – ENGLISH Revision - 2005 winter pingo (→ frost blister) Young's modulus (596) zero curtain (597) zone of gas-hydrate stability (598) zone of minimal annual amplitude (→ depth of zero annual amplitude) zone of zero annual amplitude (→ depth of zero annual amplitude)