History of Nursing in

Matthew Idowu OLATUBI Department of Nursing Science Bowen University, Iwo

Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Nursing History in Nigeria

• Nursing came to Nigeria through the British Colonial masters. • The first nursing home in Nigeria in Jericho, Ibadan by the government of the British Colonial masters.

Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Nursing History in Nigeria

• Later on missionaries and their wives came to supplement government effort by setting up Mission homes, Dispensaries e.t.c. and commence the training of Nurses in Nigeria • There was no formal training but on the Job acquisition skills and practical aspect are been rendered by nursing surgery.

Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Nursing History in Nigeria • The regional government in Nigeria began the training of nurses by settings individual regional standard. • In 1949, the School of Nursing, Eleyele was established to facilitate the training of nurses, • later in 1952, the University College Hospital Ibadan started the training of nurses in a higher standard.

Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Nursing History in Nigeria • In 1949, the Nursing Council of Nigeria was established to complement the efforts of the various training bodies and creating standards for Nurses. • By 1965, a department of Nursing was established in the to commence a degree programme in Nigeria. • Later on, University of Ife and University of Nigeria, Enugu also started degree in 1973.

Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Nursing History in Nigeria • At present, all the states in Nigeria has one or more School of Nursing, Midwifery and kinds of Post Basic schools. • More degree awarding institutions has been granted the license to produce degree holder in Nursing. • Among them are , Zaria; , Calabar; Ladoke Akintola University (LAUTECH), Ogbomosho. Also private University, , Ilisan Remo;; Madonna University, Bowen Univerity among others started degree in Nursing.

Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Nursing leaders in Nigeria

• Ms. Kujore – Started the Ife Baccalaureate program

Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Nursing as An Art and Science

Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Definition of Nursing • The “act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery” – Florence Nightingale • ‘The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge, and to do this in such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible’ –Virginia Henderson

Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Definition of Nursing

• “Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems” – ANA, 1980 • “Nursing is the protection, promotion and optimization of health and abilities, preventions of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, & population”

Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Theoretical definition of Nursing • Themes common to all these definitions: – Nursing is caring – Nursing is an art – Nursing is a science – Nursing is client centered – Nursing is wholistic – Nursing is adaptive – Nursing is concerned with health promotion, health maintenance & restoration Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Nursing Philosophy • Nursing philosophy sets forth the meaning of nursing phenomenon through analysis, reasoning and logical argument • Philosophy contribute to nursing knowledge by providing direction for the discipline and forming a basis for professional scholarship, which lead to new theoretical understanding • Nursing philosophies represent early works that predate the theory era • Philosophies are works that provide a broad understanding. Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Recipients of Nursing care

• Consumers: people who use health care products or services • Patient: person who is waiting for or undergoing medical treatment and care • Client: Person who engages the advice or services of another who is qualified to provide a particular service • Client is the preferred term now! Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Scope of Nursing

• Promoting health & wellness • Preventing illness • Restoring health • Caring for the Dying

Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Roles & Functions of the Nurse • Caregiver • Research consumer • Communicator • Expanded care roles • Teacher • Client advocate • Counsellor • Change Agent • Leader • Manager • Case manage

Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Criteria of a profession • Professionalization is the process of becoming a profession, that is acquiring characteristics considered to be professional. • Specialized education • Body of knowledge • Service orientation • Increasing research • Code of ethics • Autonomy • Professional organization Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Socialization into Nursing Roles • The education of the professional involves socialization process • Social and attitudinal aspects of nursing is as important as it technical aspect • Socialization is a process by which people: – Learn to become member of groups and society – Learn the social rules defining relationships into which they enter • Socialization involves learning to behave, feel, and see the world in a manner similar to other persons occupying the same role as oneself (Hardy & Conway, 1988) Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Benner’s Stages of Nursing Expertise

• Stage I - Novice • Stage II - Advanced Beginner • Stage III - Competent • Stage IV - Proficient • Stage V - Expert

Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Factors influencing contemporary nursing practice • Changes in the Socio-Cultural Environment • Economic development • Increase and growing sense of responsibilities of nurses to recipients of care • The new Clientele in the Health Industry (Consumer demands) • The family structure

Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Factors influencing contemporary nursing practice • Economics • Consumer demands • Family structure • The rise in Literacy level • The greater awareness of individual’s rights and obligations of human worth of dignity • Advances in Medical Science and Technology • Legislation • Demographic changes • Nursing shortage • Collective bargaining • Nursing association Bowen University Iwo, Osun State NURSING ORGANISATIONS • National Association of Nigerian Nurses & Midwives (NANNM) • American Nurses Association (ANA) • Canadian Nurses Association (CAN) • National League of Nursing • International Council of Nurses (ICN) • International Honor Society: Sigma • National Student Nurses Association – Nigeria University Nurses student Association (NUNSA) Bowen University Iwo, Osun State THANK YOU

Bowen University Iwo, Osun State