I W-Si I ' . !*>• I SURFACE WATER SUPPLY I PROTECTION PLAN | FOR I LILY POND & I AARON RIVER RESERVOIR I - Project No. 99-04 SWT

• (NRG Project No. 462.1)

• June 2002

" Prepared for: Prepared by:

I Massachusetts Department of Norfolk Ram Group, LLC * Environmental Protection One Roberts Drive Bureau of Resource Protection Plymouth, MA 02360 • One Winter Street and m Boston, MA 02164 100 Kuniholm Drive m and Holliston, MA 01746 I U.S. Environmental Protection i Agency - Region 1 i TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF APPENDICES

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

PLAN

APPENDICES

H$8AVERY" HIDDEN TAB"-1 DIVIDERS I I TABLE OF CONTENTS I LIST OF TABLES, FIGURES, APPENDICES ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... 1-1 2.0 INTRODUCTION 2-1 I 2.1 Background and Benefits 2-1 2.2 Purpose 2-2 I 2.3 Watershed Description. 2-3 2.4 Organization of SWSPP Report '...... 2-6 I 3.0 LAND USE IMPACTS 3-1 3.1 Water Supply Impacts from Existing Land Uses 3-1 I 3.1.1 Spills And State 21E Sites 3-2 Hingham Training Annex Disposal Site-State 21E Site 3-2 Former Beechwood Dump-State 21E Site 3-3 I Former Norfolk Conveyor Site - State 21E Site 3-4 Former Burning Ground - State 21E Site 3-6 35 Arrowwood Street, Cohasset - Spills Site 3-7 I Beechwood Street, Cohasset-Spills Site 3-7 Schofield Road, Cohasset-Spills Site 3-7 422 King Street, Cohasset - Spills Site 3-7 I King Street, Cohasset - Spills Site 3-7 Flint Rock Road, Cohasset - Spills Site...... 3-8 3.1.2 Waste Disposal Facilities 3-8 I Cohasset Heights Landfill 3-8 Former Clapp Landfill 3-11 I 3.1.3 Use and Storage of Hazardous Materials 3-11 3.1.4 Untreated Stormwater Runoff 3-12 3.1.5 Septic Systems 3-14 I 3.1.6 State and Municipal Land and Facilities 3-17 Massachusetts Highway Department ..3-17 Cohasset Water Treatment Plant 3-18 I Cemeteries 3-18 Town Parks 3-19 3.1.7 Industrial Wastewater Discharge 3-19 I 3.1.8 Public and Private Recreation 3-19 3.1.9 Electric Transmission Line Right-of-Way 3-20 3.1.10 Forestry Practices 3-21 I DEM Land Management 3-21 I Woody Adelgid Infestation 3-21 I I

3.1.11 Storage of Fertilizer, Manure, Road Salt 3-22 I 3.1.12 New Construction .....3-22 3.1.13 Sand and Gravel Mining/Washing Operations 3-23 I 3.2 Water Supply Impacts from Future Land Use 3-23 3.2.1 Protected Areas, Open Space and Municipal Zoning within the Watershed 3-23 I 3.2.2 Future Land Use Impacts 3-24 3.3 Public Access/Recreation Impacts 3-24 I 3.3.1 Public Access to Lily Pond and Aaron Reservoir 3-24 3.4 Wildlife Impacts 3-25 3.4.1 Existing or Potential Water Supply Impacts from Wildlife....3-25 I 3.4.2 Existing or Potential Water Supply Impacts from Domestic Animals 3-25 I 3.5 In-Lake Problems 3-26 3.5.1 Existing or Potential In-Lake Problems 3-26 3.6 Other Areas of Concerns 3-26 I 4.0 SAMPLING PLAN 4-1 4.1 Previous Surface Water Sampling. 4-1 I 4.2 Short-Term Sampling 4-3 4.3 Proposed Long-Term Sampling Plan 4-4 I 4.3.1 Surface Water 4-4 4.3.2 Groundwater - Bedrock Pathways 4-5 I 5.0 LAND USE CONTROLS .5-1 5.1 Land Purchase or Deed Restriction 5-1 I 5.2 ACECs and Protected Open Spaces 5-2 5.3 Land Use and Activity Controls .5-3 I 5.3.1 Septic Systems -. 5-3 5.3.2 Stormwater Runoff 5-4 No-Salt Zones 5-4 I 5.4 Municipal Land Use Improvements 5-5 5.4.1 Water Treatment Plant Improvements 5-6 Off-site Disposal of Wastewater and Sludge 5-6 I 5.5 Lawn Management 5-6 5.6 Management Plan 5-7 I 6.0 PUBLIC ACCESS/ RECREATION CONTROL 6-1 6.1 Public Access to Water Supply Areas 6-1 I 6.2 Recreation Control 6-1 I I I I 6.3 Wildlife Management 6-1 6.3.1 Canadian Geese 6-1 6.4 In-Lake Management 6-2 I 6.4.1 Limnology Study of the Pond and Reservoir 6-2 6.4.2 Annual Eutrophication Assessment 6-2 I 7.0 REGULATORY CONTROLS 7-1 7.1 Current Local Water Resources Protection Regulations 7-1 7.1.1 Zoning By-laws 7-1 I Open Space 7-1 Residential 7-1 I Commercial/Technology Business 7-1 7.1.2 Water Resources Protection Districts 7-2 Regulatory Protection 7-2 I 7.1.3 Conservation Commission Bylaws 7-3 Cohasset's Wetlands Bylaw 7-3 Norwell's Wetlands Bylaw r 7-3 I Buffer Zone 7-4 Fifty Foot (50') Buffer Strip Regulation 7-4 Scituate's Wetlands Byiaw 7-4 I 7.1.4 Activities Requiring Special Permits 7-5 7.1.5 Hazardous Materials Restrictions 7-5 7.1.6 Title 5 Septic System Regulations .7-5 I 7.2 State Regulations 7-6 8.0 EMERGENCY PLANNING 8-1 I 8.1 Emergency Response Plans 8-1 8.2 Emergency Response Training 8-1 I 9.0 EDUCATION PROGRAM 9-1 9.1 Objective of the Education Program 9-1 I 9.2 Implementation 9-1 9.3 Pubiic Outreach and Education 9-2 I 9.4 Intercommunity Partnership 9-2 9.5 SWSPP Information 9-2 I 10.0 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS 10-1 10.1 General 10-1 I 10.2 Watershed Monitoring and Assessment (Group A) 10-2 10.3 Stormwater and Non-Point Source Pollution Controls I (Group B) 10-4 I I I

I 10.4 Septic System and Other Point Source Pollution Controls (Group C) 10-6 I 10.5 Land Use Bylaws, Management and Enforcement Funding (Group D).. 10-7 • 10.6 Open Space Acquisition and Conservation Restrictions (Group E) 10-8 I ' 10.7 Watershed Management (Group F) 10-9 i i i i i i i i i i i i i i I List of Tables Table 2-1 Breakdown of Surface Water Supply Watershed Areas Table 3-1 DEP Land Use Matrix Ranking I Table 3-2 Number and Type of Septic Systems by Zone Table 4-1 Short-Term Sampling Plan Locations and Parameters Table 4-2a-e Quarterly Water Sampling results I Table 4-3 Long-Term Sampling Plan Locations and Parameters Table 7-1 Prohibited Uses in Water Resources Protection Districts I Table 9-1 Proposed Education Program Activities for the Surface Water Supply Protection Plan 9-2a Table 10-1 Summary of Recommendations 10-1a I Table 10-2 Implementation Schedule for Recommendations 10-1b List of Figures Page I Figure 1 Site Locus Map 2-1 a Figure 2 Water Resources Protection Districts 3-12a Figure 3 Surface Water Dissolved Oxygen 4-3f I Figure 4 Surface Water pH (1999) 4-3g Figure 4a Surface Water pH (2000-2002) 4-3h Figure 5 Surface Water Conductivity 4-3i I Figure 6 Surface Water Temperature 4-3j Figure 7 Surface Water Turbidity 4-3k Figure 8 Surface Water Alkalinity 4-3I I Figure 9 Surface Water COD 4-3m Figure 10 Surface Water Chloride 4-3n Figure 11 Surface Water Fecal Coliform Counts 4-3o I Figure 12 Surface Water Orthophosphate 4-3p Figure 13 Surface Water Total Phosphorus 4-3q Figure 14 Surface Water Total Keldahl Nitrogen 4-3r I Figure 15 Developable Parcels Located in (or abutting) Zone A 5-1 a

List of Appendices I Appendix A Thematic Data Layers Portrayed on the GIS Maps List of Assessor Parcels Categorized as Undeveloped Land by the Town I of Cohasset Assessor's Office Map 1a Land Use Map 1b Potential Threats to the Watershed I Map 2 Protected Areas. Open Space, and Municipal Zoning Map 3 Undevelopable Land Practices I Map 4 Parcels of Unknown Ownership Appendix B I Land Use Pollution Potential Matrix DRAFT Land Use/Associated Contaminants Matrix Quality Assurance Project Plan I Model Zone A Bylaw Revisions Proposed for Cohasset Inventory of Stormwater Drainage Systems Tributary to Lily Pond (Norfolk I Ram Group Memo dated 04/02/02) I I I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I This project has been financed partially with Federal funds from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) under the Source Water Protection Technical I Assistance/Land Management Grant Program. The contents do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of USEPA or DEP, nor does the mention of any trade names or I commercial products constitute endorsement or a recommendation for use. We would like to acknowledge the following for their ready assistance in providing I information used in this report. Town of Cohasset; Board of Water Commissioners; John McNabb, Jr., Chairman, Rob Kasameyer and Glenn Pratt I Board of Health; Dr. Joseph Godzik and Tara Mullen Conservation Commission; Paul Shea and Deborah Cook Planning Department; Elizabeth Harrington I Watershed Committee; James Kinch

Town of Hingham: Conservation Commission; Cliff Prentice I Hingham Fire Department; Mark Duff Wompatuck State Park; Steve Gammon

I Town of Norwell: Board of Health; Brian Flynn

Town of Scituate: Water Division; Gene Babin I Conservation Commission; Vincent Kalishes and Allan Mayberry Greenberg First Herring Brook Watershed Initiative; Lance Van Lenten, I Director Town Planner; Laura Harbottle I Department of Public Works; Anthony Antoniello, Director I State of Massachusetts: South Coastal Watershed Coordinator; Dr. George Zoto I I I I I VI I I 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Protecting the drinking water supplies of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is of major interest to federal, state and local groups. These resources are recognized as I "one-of-a-kind", and once lost to pollution, irreplaceable in the short term. The Town of Cohasset supplies drinking water for 90% of its residents from Lily Pond, which sometimes draws water from the Aaron River Reservoir, and Cohasset has been very I proactive in the effort to protect these resources. The Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, in cooperation with the United States Environmental I Protection Agency, has provided funding to Norfolk Ram Group, LLC for the development of this Surface Water Supply Protection Plan (SWSPP). The organization of this report is consistent with the Department of Environmental Protection's May 2000 I guidance document titled Developing a Local Surface Water Supply Protection Plan. The purpose of this SWSPP is to compile, organize and present information that I describes the watershed, and present a plan to identify, prevent, eliminate and control actual or potential sources of contamination that could negatively impact the quality of the drinking water supply that is available from Lily Pond and the Aaron River Reservoir. I The plan is intended to form a base of understanding and a starting point for watershed protection, education, and management as a dynamic process going forward. It is expected that this SWSPP will be used as a management and planning tool primarily by I the Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners, which is the leading local authority with responsibility for protecting the water supply and associated watershed.

I Lily Pond and the Aaron River Reservoir are hydrologically linked by the Bound Brook Control Structure, which is used to raise the surface water elevation on the upstream side of the structure to equal that of the surface elevation of Lily Pond. This creates I storage in the wetlands located south of Lily Pond that can be called upon when the demand for water from the pond is greatest, typically in the summer months. It also links the subbasins associated with the two surface water bodies forming a much larger I contributory Watershed located across four communities: Cohasset (38%), Norwell (33%), Hingham (18%), and Scituate (11%). In Massachusetts, the area of a watershed is divided into three zones: Zone A which is a narrow strip of land along the shoreline of I the surface water supply and tributaries (200 and 400 feet, respectively); Zone B which is the area within !4 miles of the shoreline of the surface water bodies; and Zone C which is the remainder of the Watershed. The regional nature of the Watershed I necessitates an inter-community approach to protecting Cohasset's surface water supply since activities anywhere in the Watershed can potentially negatively impact Lily I Pond. As part of this SWSPP, five large-scale maps were produced depicting certain aspects I of the Watershed. These maps were developed using information from geographical information systems, topographical maps and existing watershed maps. The maps show the land use, potential threats to the Watershed, protected areas, Open Space, I and municipal zoning, undevelopable land parcels, and parcels of unknown ownership. I These maps represent the base conditions of the Watershed at the creation of this I 1-1 I SWSPP, and they can be used in the future as a benchmark from which to compare the I protection and development of the Watershed.

There are many existing and potential future threats to Cohasset's surface water supply I mainly associated with certain land uses such as locations where a release to the environment of oil or hazardous materials has occurred, landfills and dumps, military facilities, commercial and industrial facilities, municipal facilities, etc. These land uses I typically involve activities that require the use, production, or storage of potential contaminants, which, if managed improperly, could adversely impact the environment including soil, groundwater, surface water and air. The DEP has cataloged most types I of land use in their 1999 Land Use Pollution Potential Matrix (the DEP Matrix) developed for the Source Water Assessment Program. The DEP Matrix categorizes I land uses and ranks them High, Moderate or Low relative to the threat they pose to the water quality of a water supply. Information in the DEP Matrix and DEP's 1999 DRAFT Land Use/Associated Contaminants Matrix, which lists the types of contaminants I typically associated with land uses, provides the basis for much of the discussion of land uses in this SWSPP. I Impacts to Lily Pond and the Aaron River Reservoir associated with non-point source pollution are probably the single greatest immediate threat to the water quality of the surface water supply. Non-point source pollution is associated with untreated I stormwater runoff, on-site septic systems, fertilizer, pesticide and herbicide use, and destruction of natural buffer zones around surface water bodies and tributaries. For instance, over the past few years, sodium concentrations in the pond have exceeded I the state recommended guideline concentration partially due to the use of salt-based deicing chemicals on roads where drainage systems are tributary to the surface water supply. Non-point source pollution is also manifest in the concentration of nutrients that I enter the pond. An evaluation of existing surface water data conducted as part of this SWSPP suggests both Lily Pond and the Aaron River Reservoir are eutrophic to hyper- eutrophic in terms of nutrient loading and the potential for uncontrolled plant growth. I These nutrients have several non-point sources including untreated stormwater runoff, and antiquated on-site septic systems. The causes of eutrophication, mainly excess nitrates and phosphates are also known to be detrimental to human health, and I eutrophication can lead to the eventual loss of a water body through siltation.

Many of the threats to the surface water supply can be minimized by zoning and non- I zoning controls that prohibit certain land uses within the Watershed. First, the threats need to be identified and then prioritized in order of their immediacy to the protection of the Watershed. This SWSPP forms the base for this type of evaluation. The degree of I protection of the Watershed should be greatest closest to the surface water supply and tributaries (Zone A) and less stringent farther away (Zones B and C). Fortunately, all of I the communities within the Watershed have some type of land use control in the form of Water Resources Protection Districts. In addition, much of the Watershed is protected I as Open or Recreational Space such as Wompatuck State Park and land owned by the I I 1-2 I Trustee of Reservations1, which together accounts for approximately 40% of the area of I the Watershed. These forms of land use and land use controls are very protective of the Watershed. However, this does not preclude taking additional actions to ensure long-term Open Space/Conservation restrictions as are recommended in this report. I The protection of the Watershed can be greatly enhanced by the institution of land use controls such as land purchase or deed restrictions, designation of Areas of Critical Environmental Concern, activity controls such as septic system management, I stormwater control, declaring section of roads no-salt zones, and lawn management programs. These land use control issues are discussed in detail in this SWSPP. Regulatory controls are also discussed as a means to manage activities within the I Watershed so that the long-term viability of the surface water supply is maintained. I In order to provide a good indication of the success of the Watershed protection efforts and to monitor known contaminants of concern and the trophic state of Lily Pond, a Long-Term Sampling Plan should be implemented. This SWSPP recommends I quarterly sampling at eleven surface water sampling points at Lily Pond, the Aaron River Reservoir and their tributaries. I Much of the historic water quality data that exists for the Watershed has been collected between Lily Pond and the Cohasset Heights Landfill site. A 1998 study by Norfolk Environmental evaluated this data and the potential for contamination of the watershed I by CHL landfill. The 1998 Norfolk study found that groundwater transport is a viable potential threat to the Watershed since significant water bearing bedrock fractures were found to exist that could channel contaminants from the Landfill to Brass Kettle Brook I and into Lily Pond. For this reason, several deep bedrock wells were installed to intercept the water bearing bedrock fractures and quarterly monitoring was initiated for volatile organic compounds, chemical oxygen demand, chloride, and the five "landfill" I metals (antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and lead). To date, testing of these bedrock wells (there are three) has not indicated that contamination migration is occurring through bedrock fractures, although there have been some isolated detections I of contaminants2. For this reason, these wells should be monitored quarterly at least for the next two (2) years.

I Finally, the SWSPP offers recommendations and a prioritization for implementation based upon the relative importance of each to watershed protection. The recommendations are grouped into the following categories in order of importance of I implementation: Watershed Monitoring and Assessment; Stormwater and Non-Point Source Pollution Controls; Septic System and Other Point Source Pollution Controls; Land Use Bylaws, Management, and Enforcement Funding; Open Space Acquisition I and Conservation Restrictions; and Watershed Management. Immediate I 1 The Trustee of Reservations is a conservation group that by its Charter purchases and protects land by ownership where no other means of protection may exist. i 2 To date, testing has found a one-time (3? Quarter 2001) elevated level of antimony that exceeded the Massachusetts Maximum Contamination Level and also for the same quarter elevated Total Dissolved I Solvents. Both elevated levels were not repeated in later quarterly testing. I 1-3 I I implementation of the first two categories is considered very important to the long-term i• management of the Watershed. i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i 1-4 I I 2.0 INTRODUCTION This Surface Water Supply Protection Plan (SWSPP) is for Lily Pond, the Aaron River Reservoir and their associated tributaries and sub-watersheds, hereinafter collectively I referred to as the "Watershed". Lily Pond is the Town of Cohasset's primary public water supply. As such, it is an Outstanding Resource Water and a Class A water body.3 In addition, the Aaron River Reservoir and all tributaries associated with Lily Pond and I the reservoir are also classified as Outstanding Resource Waters/Class A water bodies. I The locations of Lily Pond and the Aaron River Reservoir are shown on Figure 1. The Massachusetts Surface Water Quality regulation states "Outstanding Resource Waters are determined by their outstanding socioeconomic, recreational, ecological I and/or aesthetic values. The quality of these waters shall be protected and maintained". Discharges to these waters are prohibited without a variance from the DEP. Class A waters are designated as a source of public water supply. To the extent compatible I with the use they shall be an excellent habitat for fish, other aquatic life and wildlife, and suitable for primary and secondary recreation, and have excellent aesthetic value. I 2.1 Background and Benefits The SWSPP has been prepared according to a defined scope of work and budget I approved by the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), and as noted in the Acknowledgements, was funded under a grant issued through DEP's Source Water Protection Technical Assistance / Land Management Grant Program. I The SWSPP is closely related to the following two state programs that have been established to assess and manage water resources in the Commonwealth:

I • First, the Executive Office of Environmental Affairs (EOEA) has established watershed teams that have been implementing a "Watershed Initiative" program for the 27 river basins in the Commonwealth. The I purpose of the EOEA program is to collect and share water resource information, assess impacts, and develop and implement activities to protect and improve water resources on a 5-year cyclical program. I • Secondly, the DEP is required by federal law to conduct a Source Water Assessment Program ("SWAP") to determine the susceptibility of the 3,000 Massachusetts public drinking water sources to potential I contamination. I This SWSPP will provide these two state agencies and the Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners with needed information about the Lily Pond/Aaron River Reservoir Watershed. I There are, of course significant local benefits that derive from preparing and I implementing the SWSPP, and these include: I Massachusetts Surface Water Quality Standards (314 CMR 4.00) I 2-1 I

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Figure 1 I NORFOLK Site Locus Map jRAM GROUP Lily Pond and Aaron River Reservoir Watershed I ^? ENGINEERING: ENVIRONMENT I I • Protection of the public health from contamination of the public drinking I water supply; • Increased protection of the water supply from waterborne diseases and other contaminants injurious to public health; I • Reduction in water treatment costs, since cleaner source water requires less expensive treatment efforts; • Increased longevity of the water supply due to reduction in pond I eutrophication, and protection and conservation of watershed source areas that generate the annual volumes of source waters; and • Increased public awareness and public management of clean water as a I valued resource. I 2.2 Purpose This plan is not intended to be a comprehensive technical study of watershed dynamics, I or a study of all the complex biological, physical, chemical and ecological processes that affect the Watershed and water supply quality. Rather, the intent of this SWSPP is to compile, organize and present information that describes the Watershed, and present a I plan to identify, prevent, eliminate and control actual or potential sources of contamination that could negatively impact the quality of the drinking water supply that I is available from Lily Pond and the Aaron River Reservoir. Basically, the goals of this report are three fold: I 1. Delineate, map, and characterize the surface water supply Watershed, taking inventory of watershed resources and the existing and potential land uses that affect those resources; I 2. Identify sources of existing and potential pollutants and land use threats to the surface water supply; and 3. Develop a plan that local authorities and stakeholders can use as a tool to I manage and improve Watershed protection in the future.

The plan is intended to form a base of understanding and a starting point for watershed I protection, education, and management as a dynamic process going forward. As such, the SWSPP presents numerous recommendations for future action. Some of the recommended actions involve on-going monitoring of the Watershed (e.g. long term I sampling/testing plan), some involve more detailed study for better understanding of the resource areas (e.g., limnology study of Lily Pond and Aaron River Reservoir), some call for implementation of protective measures (e.g., engineering and construction of I controls for non-point source stormwater pollution), and some call for I institutional/regulatory changes (e.g., passing of local bylaws for watershed protection). It is expected that this SWSPP will be used as a management and planning tool primarily by the Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners, which is the leading local I authority with responsibility for protecting the water supply and associated Watershed. I However, successful watershed management and protection will require assistance and I 2-2 I

support from a variety of town officials and citizen groups within the Watershed member I communities.

I 2.3 Watershed Description I The Watershed is defined as that area of land that by its topography contributes all of the water that recharges these surface water bodies. The Watershed is located approximately 25 miles south of Boston and comprises portions of several sub-basins, I which are all part of the South Coastal major watershed basin. Maps 1a, 1b, and 2 included in Appendix A, show the delineation of the Watershed boundary, which was determined from Massachusetts Geographic Information System (MassGIS) maps, I Cohasset Water Commission GIS maps, United States Geological Survey (USGS) topographical maps, local topographical maps, and watershed maps from previous studies of the Watershed. The Watershed covers an area of 6,000 acres, or 9.4 square I miles. Thirty-eight percent of the Watershed is located in Cohasset; 33% is located in Norwell; 18% is located in Hingham; and 11% is located in Scituate.4 A more detailed I breakdown of watershed areas by sub-basin is provided in Table 2-1. Lily Pond is located entirely in the Town of Cohasset, and has a surface area of approximately 52 acres and a reported average depth of 9 feet. Based upon this I information, Lily Pond impounds approximately 150 million gallons of water. According to other published reports, the storage capacity of the pond is as much as 170 million gallons of water. There are two main tributaries to Lily Pond: Peppermint Brook flows I into Lily Pond from the north; and Brass Kettle Brook from the west. Herring Brook located south of the pond, sometimes serves as a tributary. The natural flow through Herring Brook is towards the south however, during periods of increased withdrawal and I minimum recharge by precipitation, Herring Brook flows into Lily Pond from the south.

The Town of Cohasset has used Lily Pond as a drinking water supply since the 1880s. I From approximately 1880 to 1909, water was withdrawn at the north side of the pond and pumped directly into the existing water distribution system. In 1909 the town started to draw water from the south side of the pond and pipe it to a water treatment I plant located at the end of what is today called Riverview Drive. In 1978 a new water treatment plant was completed on the northwest shore of the pond with access off King I Street. This plant has a design capacity of 3.0 million gallons per day, with an actual current capacity of approximately 2.5 million gallons per day, and it currently treats and supplies an average of 710,000 gallons per day of potable water to over 7,100 residents I (90%) of the Town of Cohasset. The Aaron River Reservoir is located approximately one mile south of Lily Pond, mostly I in the Town of Cohasset, with minor portions in the towns of Hingham and Scituate. It has a surface area of approximately 133 acres and impounds approximately 323 million

I 4 The portion within Scituate was updated (increased) as part of this study based on Norfolk Ram Group's confirmation of new delineation information received from the First Herring Brook Watershed Initiative, I Scituate, MA. I 2-3 I Table 2-1 I BREAKDOWN OF SURFACE WATER SUPPLY WATERSHED AREAS I Area Area AREA TOWN (acres) (sq. miles) IAaron River Reservoir Sub-Basin Norwell 1,983 3.09 Hingham 513 0.80 Scituate 546 0.85 I Cohasset 228 0.35 I Sub-Total 3270 5.09 I Lily Pond Reservoir Sub-Basin Cohasset 1,321 2.06 I Hingham 322 0.50 I Sub-Total 1,643 2.56 Bound Brook Sub-Basin Cohasset 763 1.19 I Hingham 234 0.36 Scituate 90 0.14 I Sub-Total 1,087 1.69 I Cohasset 2,312 3.61 (38%) Norweli 1,983 3.09 (33%) I Hingham 1,069 1.67 (18%) Scituate 636 0.99 (11%)

I TOTAL 6,000 9.37 I I I I I Page 2-3a S:\RAM\462.1\TABLESVTABLE2-1.DOC I

gallons of water. It was created in 1978 by the construction of an earthen dam just west I of the intersection of Beechwood and Summer Streets. This dam controls flow in the Aaron River, which flows from the south and is the main tributary to the Aaron River Reservoir. An unnamed stream, referred to locally as Bound Brook Stream, which flows I from Bound Brook Pond located approximately 2,000 feet south of the reservoir in the town of Norwell, converges with the Aaron River south of the reservoir. There is one other tributary to the reservoir: an unnamed stream referred to as the South Swamp I tributary by the First Herring Brook Watershed Initiative and hereinafter, flows into the reservoir from the southeast. The USGS and MassGIS maps show the head of this I stream located near Thomas Clapp Road. However, the work conducted by the First Herring Brook Watershed Initiative indicates the stream may extend south of Thomas I Clapp Road and drain some of South Swamp in Scituate. The outflow from the Aaron River Reservoir is controlled mainly by a fish ladder at the Aaron River Reservoir dam. The fish ladder has a slide valve that can be adjusted I vertically to manage flow over the ladder and into the Aaron River, which flows from the reservoir towards the north. I The Aaron River becomes Bound Brook at the convergence with Herring Brook approximately 3,700 feet north of the dam and 1,500 feet south of Lily Pond. Herring Brook is the natural outflow point for the pond. The flow in Bound Brook is controlled at I Beechwood Street by a sluice gate constructed in 1976 and referred to as the Bound Brook Control Structure (BBCS). The BBCS essentially raises the surface elevation of Bound Brook on the upstream side to the approximate surface elevation of Lily Pond. I This increases the storage capacities of Bound Brook upstream of the BBCS, Herring Brook and the wetlands south of Lily Pond. Therefore, the BBCS creates a hydrologic connection between Lily Pond and the Aaron River Reservoir that otherwise wouldn't I exist, and creates a new watershed from parts of the two subbasins.

The Watershed is divided into three zones referred to as Zones A, B and C based upon I proximity to the surface water supply. According to 310 CMR 22.00, the Drinking Water regulation:

I • Zone A is defined as the land area between the surface water source and the upper boundary of the bank; the land area within a 400 foot lateral distance from the upper boundary of the bank of a source of public water supply (Class A I surface water source), and the land area within a 200 foot lateral distance from the upper boundary of the bank of a tributary or associated surface water body. I • Zone B is defined as the land area within 1/2-mile of the upper boundary of the bank of a Class A surface water source, or edge of wetland, whichever is less. The Zone B will always include the land area within a 400-foot lateral distance I from the upper boundary of the bank of a Class A surface water source. • Zone C is defined as the land area not designated Zone A or B within the watershed of a Class A surface water source. These three zones are delineated I on Map 1a, Map 1b, and Map 2, and they figure prominently in the discussion of I Watershed management set forth in this SWSPP. I 2-4 I

I It should be noted that, based upon further investigation, there is a potential for extending the Zone A along tributaries to both Lily Pond and Aaron River Reservoir. Insufficient information exists based upon current mapping to include these areas in the I Zone A. However, further investigation may determine they fulfill the Zone A requirements. A description of three areas identified as part of this SWSPP follows.

I • Brass Kettle Brook. As it is currently delineated the Zone A for Brass Kettle Brook terminates at a wetland area south of the Cohasset Heights Ltd. (CHL) Landfill. Current mapping indicates the perennial flow of the I brook begins at the eastern edge of this wetland. However, there is also a perennial stream intersecting the same wetland from the west. Based I upon topography, this western stream flows towards the wetland. If channel flow exists between this western stream and Brass Kettle Brook, then there is a hydrologic connection to the brook and to Lily Pond, and I the western stream should be included in the Zone A. If, however, the wetland serves as a "sink" where surface water discharges perhaps into bedrock fractures and no hydrologic connection exists, then the Zone A I should remain as indicated on the maps in Appendix A. • Extension of South Swamp Tributary to Aaron River Reservoir. The I extension of the South Swamp tributary identified by the First Herring Brook Watershed Initiative that flows into the reservoir from the southeast may also qualify as part of the Zone A. If channel flow and a hydrologic I connection exist between the unmapped portion of the stream and the Aaron River Reservoir, then the Zone A may extend into the South I Swamp in Scituate. • Wetlands South of Bound Brook Pond. There is an extensive area of wetlands located south of Bound Brook Pond in the town of Norwell, which I may include some of Burnt Plain Swamp. The degree of channelized flow through these wetlands is unknown based upon current information and mapping. If flow through the wetlands and under existing streets through I culverts can occur with eventual discharge into Bound Brook Pond, a I significant extension of the Zone A to the south may be appropriate. RECOMMENDATION 2-1 The extent and direction of flow in these potential tributary streams, and the existence of channel flow through bordering wetlands with eventual I discharge into the surface water supply or tributaries should be determined. This is I included as Recommendation 2.1 in Section 10. In addition to the need to further define the tributaries, it has become apparent from the development of this SWSPP that there is a lack of information concerning the flow in the I tributaries. A better understanding of flow is essential to the successful management of I the surface water supply and the Watershed. This information can be obtained by I 2-5 I

conducting a hydrological assessment, which should include a water balance I evaluation, wetlands and wildlife inventory and stream channel characterization. Through this effort, the relationship between the water releases at the Aaron River Reservoir and the water withdrawals from Lily Pond can be quantified so that the I quantity and quality of the surface water supply as well as the aquatic habitats within the I system can be protected. RECOMMENDATION 2.2 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should conduct a hydrologic assessment to include a water balance evaluation, wetlands and I wildlife inventory and stream channel characterization. As part this assessment, at least five-stream flow and stage gauging stations should be constructed equipped with constant recording open channel flow meters, and stream gages to measure stage. The proposed locations for the stations are at the Aaron River downstream of the fish ladder (at Doane Street), at the upstream side of the BBCS, at the upstream extent of Herring Brook where it meets Lily Pond, brass Kettle Brook at Lily Pond, and I Peppermint Brook at Lily Pond. Stream flow and stage data should be collected at each station over the course of one year to establish baseline flow data from which to monitor I changes going forward

I Since the Watershed is located within several communities, this SWSPP proposes an inter-community approach to the protection of the Watershed. It is not intended to be a static, unchanging document, but instead represents a starting point for the cooperative I and comprehensive protection of Cohasset's surface water supply. The plan should be revisited at least on a three-year timeframe to evaluate the implementation schedule for recommendations put forth within, and to identify achievements, as well as areas where I additional efforts should be focused.

I 2.4 Organization of SWSPP Report The organization of this report is consistent with the DEP's May 2000 guidance I document titled Developing a Local Surface Water Supply Protection Plan. There are 7 major sections titled Land Use Impacts, Sampling Plan, Land Use Controls, Public Access/Recreation Controls, Regulatory Controls, Emergency Planning, and Education I Program. A Summary of Recommendations section follows the body of the report. Throughout the report recommendations are presented where appropriate, and these are highlighted by surrounding the text with borders as noted in the first two examples I below. In addition, all recommendations within the body of the report are also collated I in the Summary of Recommendations section at the end of the report. I I I 2-6 I I RECOMMENDATION 2.3 The Town of Cohasset should establish a partnership with the other Watershed communities based upon the common goal of protecting the I surface water supply. The intent of this partnership should be to create a forum for the discussion of Watershed protection issues, to identify the appropriate action partner(s) to implement Watershed initiatives and to establish specific timeframes for I implementing the initiatives developed in this SWSPP. In this regard, the South Coastal Watershed Team could help with other Watershed Communities. The Cohasset Town Planner has indicated several representatives from Cohasset, Scituate and Norwell are I active participants of the Team. The technical expertise of the Team coordinator and various state representatives could be instrumental in organizing the partnership and I providing technical assistance.

I RECOMMENDATION 2.4 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should revisited this SWSPP at least every three (3) years to evaluate and revise the recommendations and the implementation schedule for recommendations, and to I identify achievements and areas where additional efforts should be focused. I I I I I I I I I I I 2-7 I I 3.0 LAND USE IMPACTS It is generally accepted that the risk of a release of contaminants into the environment is higher with certain types of land use. These land uses typically involve activities that I require the use, production, or storage of potential contaminants, which, if managed improperly, could adversely impact the environment including soil, groundwater, surface water and air. If these contaminants are released within the Watershed they may also I eventually impact the water quality of the surface water supply. Therefore, it is important to develop an inventory of land use within the Watershed, so that existing or I potential threats to the surface water supply can be identified, mitigated and/or monitored. Such an inventory was developed as part of this SWSPP from MassGIS data and Assessor's records, and is discussed in detail in this chapter. It is also I presented in summary form on Map 1a, Appendix A. The DEP has cataloged most types of land use in their 1999 Land Use Pollution I Potential Matrix (the DEP Matrix) developed for the Source Water Assessment Program. The DEP Matrix categorizes land uses and ranks them High, Moderate or Low relative to the threat they pose to the water quality of a water supply. Information in I the DEP Matrix and DEP's 1999 DRAFT Land Use/Associated Contaminants Matrix, which lists the types of contaminants typically associated with land uses, provides the basis for much of the discussion of land uses that follows. Both of these DEP I documents are included in Appendix B. If, based upon site-specific conditions, a deviation from the DEP-designated risk level was justified; the reasons for the suggested change in rank are discussed. The DEP Matrix categories for certain land I uses within the Watershed are presented in Table 3-1 along with the specific rankings as developed in this SWSPP for the subject watershed.

I The discussion of land use impacts which follows is organized under six (6) main headings and these are:

I 1. Water Supply Impacts from Existing Land Use; 2. Water Supply Impacts from Future Land Use; 3. Public Access and Recreation Impacts; I 4. Wildlife Impacts; 5. In-Lake Problems, and I 6. Other Areas of Concern. I 3.1 Water Supply Impacts from Existing Land Uses The above noted DEP Matrix and knowledge of site-specific conditions were used to rank existing land uses within the Watershed as High, Moderate, or Low relative to the I threat they pose to the surface water supply. The land uses that pose potential threats to the Watershed are shown on Map 1b, Appendix A. The discussion which follows I presents information on Spills and State 21E5 Sites; waste disposal facilities; use and 5 Chapter 21E of the Massachusetts General Laws is titled Massachusetts Oil and Hazardous Material I Release Prevention and Response Act. I 3-1 I

TABLE 3-1 I DEP LAND USE MATRIX RANKING SURFACE WATER SUPPLY PROTECTION PLAN FOR I LILY POND & AARON RIVER RESERVOIR DEP Land SWSPP Site Type of Land Use Use Ranking Ranking I Hingham Annex Military HIGH HIGH

Former Beechwood Dump Commercial, former Landfill HIGH HIGH I Former Burning Ground Military HIGH HIGH Cohasset Heights Landfill Former Landfill HIGH HIGH Former Clapp Landfill Municipal, former Landfill HIGH MODERATE I Untreated Stormwater Runoff Municipal HIGH HIGH Storage of Fertilizer, Manure, Road Salt Commercial or Municipal HIGH MODERATE

I Former Norfolk Conveyor Site Commercial and Industrial MODERATE HIGH Commercial, Industrial or Septic Systems Residential MODERATE HIGH I * Sand & Gravel Mining/Washing Operations Commercial MODERATE LOW Previous Spills Commercial or Residential LOW LOW I Massachusetts Highway Department State LOW LOW Cohasset Water Treatment Plant Municipal LOW LOW I Cemeteries Municipal LOW LOW I * Land use (former) present in watershed area, but not in active operation. I I I I I I I I Norfolk RAM Group, LLC 3-1a S:\RAM\462.1\tables\Table3-1 I

storage of hazardous materials; untreated stormwater runoff; septic systems; state and I municipal facilities; industrial wastewater discharge; public and private recreation; electric transmission line right-of-way; forestry practices; storage of fertilizer; manure I and road salts; new construction; and sand and gravel mining/washing operations. I 3.1.1 Spills And State 21E Sites The degree of threat posed by spills and releases of oil or hazardous materials within the Watershed is dependent on a number of factors including the pathway to the I surface water supply or tributaries, the date of the occurrence, the types and quantities of materials involved, and the potential for migration to the surface water supply. The DEP Matrix doesn't have a specific rating for spills or state 21E sites since hazardous I waste sites are not land uses. Where appropriate, the DEP Matrix rating for the land use that resulted in the spill or release is set forth in the discussion of the sites. However, it is clear from the definition of a spills or state 21E site set forth above, that I these properties typically have the potential to pose a High risk to the surface water supply. The types of contaminants associated with the spill or release are listed in the I corresponding sections. Spills are locations where Immediate Response Actions (IRA), as defined in the Massachusetts Contingency Plan6 (MCP), which sets forth the regulations governing the I reporting, assessment and remediation of hazardous waste sites in Massachusetts, have been conducted to quickly mitigate soil and/or groundwater impacts caused by a release of oil or hazardous material. Releases that require more comprehensive I response actions such as remediation are referred to as "state 21E sites". Several known spills and state 21E sites exist within the Watershed as indicated on Map 1b. Some of these are undergoing response actions to assess and/or remediate I contamination and some have achieved a level of No Significant Risk (NSR) as defined in the MCP. State 21E sites that have the greatest potential to adversely impact the I surface water supply are discussed below in more detail. Hingham Training Annex Disposal Site - State 21E Site. The Hingham Training Annex disposal site (the Hingham Annex) is located off Leavitt I Street adjacent to Wompatuck State Park and Whitney Woods Reservation in Hingham near the northwestern extent of the Watershed. The Hingham Annex is approximately I 1.75 miles west of Lily Pond and 1.65 .miles northwest of the Aaron River Reservoir. The closest tributary is Brass Kettle Brook located approximately 0.75 miles east of the Hingham Annex. As discussed in Section 2.0, the extent of Brass Kettle Brook to the I west must be determined. If the perennial stream located west of the wetland is hydrologically connected to Brass Kettle Brook, then the brook could extent west to the I Hingham Annex, The Hingham Annex was established in 1941 as an ammunition depot by the U.S. Navy and in 1971 was transferred to the U.S. Army, who utilized the site for Reserve training, I vehicle storage, and vehicle maintenance. The Department of the Army deactivated it I '310 CMR 40.0000 is titled the Massachusetts Contingency Plan. I 3-2 I in 1982 and, according to a 1998 report7- the Army initiated assessment and remediation I activities at the site in 1985. Contaminants detected include total petroleum hydrocarbons, metals, and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). The site has been designated a Tier I disposal site pursuant to the MCP. Tier I disposal sites receive I the highest priority for assessment and clean up. Remedial activities at the Hingham Annex have included removal of asbestos in buildings and excavation and removal of underground storage tanks. Additional remediation, to include impacted soil removal, is I continuing as part of the efforts to close all the former ammunition bunkers at the site. The DEP Matrix categorizes military facilities (both past and present) as High threats to I a surface water supply. RECOMMENDATION 3.1 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should I periodically review the progress of response actions conducted at the Hingham Annex I so that potential impacts to Brass Kettle Brook can be assessed. RECOMMENDATION 3.2 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should periodically test Brass kettle Brook for contaminants of concern detected at the I Hingham Annex with the potential to migrate to the brook via groundwater or surface I water flow. Former Beechwood Dump - State 21E Site. I The dump is a former waste and munitions disposal area located in Wompatuck State Park in Cohasset approximately 1,650 feet north of the Aaron River Reservoir and 0.65 miles southwest of Lily Pond. It was used as a munitions disposal area by the U.S Navy from the time it was acquired in the early 1900's to the time the property was sold to the I 8 State in 1971. In a 1998 report, Stone and Webster document the discovery of contaminated surficial and subsurface soils at the site. Analysis of groundwater samples indicated that petroleum hydrocarbons were detected above MCP RCGW-1 I 9 reportable concentrations for groundwater. The site was classified Tier IB in October I 2001 indicating further response actions are necessary to achieve a level of NSR. The former Beechwood Dump is located relatively close to the wetlands associated with the Aaron River. These wetlands are a likely groundwater discharge point for impacted I groundwater migrating from the former dump. The DEP Matrix categorizes landfills and I dumps as High threats to a surface water supply. I 7 Environmental Assessment, Hingham Cohasset (Hingham Training Annex, Massachusetts) Disposal and Reuse, Department of the Army, October 1998. I 8 Site Assessment - Beechwood and Pleasant Street Dumps, Stone & Webster, July 2000. 9 Contaminant concentrations detected in soil or groundwater above the reportable concentrations set forth in the MCP must be reported to the DEP.

3-3 I I RECOMMENDATION 3.3 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should periodically review the progress of response actions conducted at the former I Beechwood Dump so that potential impacts to the Aaron River can be assessed. RECOMMENDATION 3.4 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should I periodically test the Aaron River for contaminants of concern detected at the former Beechwood Dump with the potential to migrate to the river via groundwater or surface I water flow.

Former Norfolk Conveyor Site - State 21E Site. I The former Norfolk Conveyor site is located at 155 King Street in Cohasset. The 62- acre property is situated on the eastern slope of Scituate Hill approximately 0.8 miles northwest of Lily Pond and 1.65 miles north of the Aaron River Reservoir. Various I industrial and commercial activities have been conducted at the site including electrical and radar equipment manufacture, DMA research and painting. Currently, the site is used for storage and maintenance of dumpsters used for solid waste hauling and I electronic testing of receivers. Numerous oils or hazardous materials were stored and used at the site in connection with the site activities. In 1983, a drum disposal area was discovered at the property. Eight 55-gallon drums containing spent trichloroethylene I (TCE) and associated contaminated soil were excavated and removed from the property. An additional 30 empty drums, which may at the time of disposal have also I contained TCE were removed and disposed of as scrap metal. In 1984, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including TCE, benzene, methyl ethyl-ketone, toluene, acetone, bromodichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, chlorodibromoethane, chloroform, 1,2- I dichloroethane, 1,2-trans-dichloroethene, 1,1-dichloroethylene, 1,2-dichloropropane, methylene chloride, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane were detected in surface water samples collected from a former brook located at the intersection of Howes Road and Boulder Lane approximately 1,300 feet south of the former Norfolk Conveyor site (referred to as I 10 sample location C9 in a 1984 report by Camp Dresser & McKee ), and at another former brook off Howes Road approximately 750 feet south/southwest of C9 (referred to I as sample location C10). At one time prior to the development of the CHL Landfill, these streams drained extensive wetlands south of Scituate Hill and flowed into Brass Kettle Brook. The 1984 CDM report described the geology of the wetlands as areas of I greatest soil thickness consisting of deposits of gravel, sand and/or silts. The USGS indicates that most of the wetland areas of Brass Kettle Brook and its tributaries are underlain by predominantly fine to coarse sand and gravel with relatively high hydraulic I conductivities of 150 to 475 feet per day, and some thin beds of fine to coarse sands and silt.

I In 1984, VOCs were also detected in groundwater monitoring wells installed in and I around the drum disposal area (referred to as monitoring wells C3, C5 and C6). 10 Hydrogeological and Water Quality Study of the Watersheds Tributary to Lily Pond and Great Swamp I in the Area of Scituate Hill, Camp Dresser & McKee, November 1984. I 3-4 I Groundwater flow from the former Norfolk Conveyor site is expected to flow south I towards Lily Pond via the depositional sands associated with past or present wetlands/stream systems.

I In 1993, the DEP reviewed the site information and determined the drum disposal release required "No Further Action", although the Site remains on the EPA's Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Information I System ("CERCLIS") list. CERCLIS is the official repository for site and non-site specific Superfund data in support of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA). It contains information on hazardous waste I site assessment and remediation from 1983 to the present. CERCLIS information is used to report official Superfund accomplishments to Congress and the public, assist I EPA Regional and Headquarters managers in evaluating the status and progress of site cleanup actions, track Superfund Comprehensive Accomplishments Plans (SCAP), and I communicate planned activities and budgets. According to a February 1, 2001 report by HML Associates, elevated TCE and other VOCs were detected in January of 2001 above the MCP Method 1 GW-1 Groundwater I Standards in monitoring wells C3, C5 and C6, and in newly installed wells at the site. On behalf of the Cohasset Water Commission, Norfolk Ram Group has been monitoring I bedrock wells located south of the Norfolk Conveyor site on a quarterly basis since 2000. The analyses included VOCs via EPA Method 8260. To date, no VOCs included in the EPA Method 8260 list have been detected above the Massachusetts Maximum I Contaminant Levels (MMCL) or the Massachusetts Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels (SMCL) for drinking water. The MMCLs are legally enforceable standards that apply to public water systems in Massachusetts that are based upon known or I suspected health concerns associated with ingestion of the contaminants. Contaminants that exceed the MMCLs must be removed from drinking water prior to distribution. The SMCLs are non-mandatory standards established as guidelines to I assist public water systems manage their drinking water for aesthetic considerations such as taste, color and odor. These contaminants are not considered to pose a risk to I human health at the SMCL. The DEP Matrix categorizes paint shops and electronics/electrical manufacturers as Moderate threats to a surface water supply. Petroleum and chemical storage is I considered a High threat and research laboratories are considered a Low threat. Based upon the new information contained in the February 1, 2001 HML Associates report, the I former Norfolk Conveyor site is considered a High threat to the surface water supply. RECOMMENDATION 3.5 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should I continue to monitor the bedrocks wells on a quarterly basis, and periodically review the progress of response actions conducted at the former Norfolk Conveyor site so that I potential impacts to Lily Pond can be assessed. I I 3-5 I I RECOMMENDATION 3.6 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should also consider evaluating the feasibility of installing overburden-monitoring wells in the depositional sands and gravels of the former or existing wetlands located between the I former Norfolk Conveyor site and Lily Pond. The geology of these wetlands are areas of greatest soil thickness consisting of deposits of gravel, sand and/or silts with relatively high hydraulic conductivities, and could potentially serve as a pathway for I impacted groundwater to Lily Pond.

I Former Burning Ground - State 21E Site. The former "Burning Ground" is a 4-acre area located in the southeast section of Wompatuck State Park approximately 250 feet north of Holly Pond and the Aaron River I and approximately 400 feet south of the Wompatuck State Park campground area. From 1945 to the late 1960's the U.S. Navy and government contractors used the site to I burn ordnances. Soil, groundwater, surface water and sediment at the site were evaluated as part of a Phase I Initial Site Investigation conducted in the late fall of 2000 by Arthur D. Little for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The investigation identified I two areas where concentrations of contaminants exceeded the MCP reportable concentrations for RCS-1 soils. Polycyclical aromatic hydrocarbons were found in surface soils in one limited area of the Site (Burning Ground No. 1) and antimony, I barium, beryllium, copper, lead, zinc, diethylphalate, RDX, and TNT were found mostly in surficial soils in another limited area of the Site (Burning Ground No. 2). Volatile petroleum hydrocarbons (VPH) and explosive compounds were detected in I groundwater at the Site, but at concentrations below MCP RCGW-1 reportable concentrations. Groundwater at the site flows to the southeast, towards the Aaron River. Some migration of contaminants is evident since low concentrations of I polycyclical aromatic hydrocarbons and explosive compounds were detected in sediment and surface water samples collected from a drainage culvert at the southern portion of the site, and low concentrations of explosive compounds were detected in a I groundwater sample collected from a monitoring well at the southern portion of the site. No contaminants were detected in sediment and surface water samples collected from the Aaron River or Holly Pond. The Site has been classified Tier 1C, and a Scope of I Work has been submitted to DEP for a Phase II Comprehensive Site Assessment, which will determine the full extent of contamination.

I The DEP Matrix categorizes landfills and dumps and military facilities (past and present) I as High threats to a surface water supply. RECOMMENDATION 3.7 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should periodically review the progress of the response actions conducted at the former I Burning Ground so that potential impacts to Aaron River or Holly Pond can be I assessed. I I 3-6 I I RECOMMENDATION 3.8 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should periodically test the Aaron River at the south end of the reservoir for the contaminants of I concern detected at the Burning Ground with the potential to migrate to the river via I groundwater or surface water. 35 Arrowwood Street. Cohasset - Spills Site. On April 12, 2002, a release of approximately 250 gallons of No. 2 fuel oil leaked from I an above ground storage tank at 35 Arrowwood Street in Cohasset [designated as Spilt 1 on Map 1b]. The spill saturated the ground adjacent to the house and proceeded to run down the street and into a stormwater system. The Cohasset Fire Department I responded to the call by placing absorbent booms before catch basins at the lower end of the street and cleaning the stormwater system. Due to the immediate nature of the I response, this spill site is considered a Low potential threat to the surface water supply. Beechwood Street. Cohasset - Spills Site. I In July of 1999, approximately 20 gallons of an unknown chemical was released from a transformer on Beechwood Street in Cohasset [designated as Spill 2 on Map 1b]. An IRA was conducted and the contamination was reduced to background levels. It was I concluded that the site achieved a level of NSR, and a Response Action Outcome (RAO) Statement was submitted to DEP in September 1999. Due to the immediate nature of the response and the RAO, this spill site is considered a Low potential threat I to the surface water supply. Schofield Road. Cohasset - Spills Site. I In May of 1998, a release of No. 2 fuel oil occurred from an underground storage tank at a residence located on Schofield Road in Cohasset [designated as Spill 3 on Map 1b]. An IRA was conducted and the contamination was reduced to below MCP Clean-up I Standards. It was concluded that the site achieved a level of NSR, and a RAO Statement was submitted to DEP in March 1998. Due to the immediate nature of the response and the RAO, this spill site is considered a Low potential threat to the surface I water supply.

422 King Street. Cohasset - Spills Site. I In October 1993, approximately 30 gallons of non-PCB-containing transformer oil was released when a vehicle hit a telephone pole in front of 422 King Street in Cohasset [designated as Spill 4 on Map 1b]. It was concluded that the site achieved a level of I NSR, and a RAO Statement was submitted to DEP. Due to the age of the occurrence, the immediate nature of the response and the RAO this spill site is considered a Low I threat to the surface water supply. King Street, Cohasset - Spills Site. I In May of 1989, a release of gasoline from an underground storage tank located on King Street in Cohasset [designated as Spill 5 on Map 1b] was reported to DEP. Between I 100 and 250 cubic yards of contaminated soil was excavated. The outcome of the I 3-7 I release is not known. Due to the age of the occurrence, and the volume of impacted I soil removed, this spill site is considered a Low potential threat to the surface water supply.

I Flint Rock Road. Cohasset - Spills Site. In June of 1988, not more than 10 gallons of herbicide was released from a tanker truck was reported on Flint Lock Ridge Road in Cohasset [designated as Spill 6 on Map 1b]. I The outcome of the release is not known. Due to the age of the occurrence, this spill I site is considered a Low potential threat to the surface water supply. I 3.1.2 Waste Disposal Facilities The DEP Matrix categorizes landfills and dumps as High threats to a surface water supply. Two waste disposal facilities are located within the Watershed, the CHL Landfill I and the former Clapp Landfill. Much more is known about the CHL Landfill, and it is considered a much greater threat to the surface water supply than the former Clapp I Landfill. A brief description of these sites follows. Cohasset Heights Landfill. The CHL Landfillis an inactive, partially capped, solid waste landfill located on the I southwest side of Scituate Hill in Cohasset approximately 1 mile northwest of Lily Pond. It occupies approximately 26 acres, and has generally been used for the disposition of construction and demolition waste and municipal solid waste. Approximately 40 percent I of the CHL Landfill is located within the Watershed. This portion of the landfill is the oldest and was developed in a former gravel pit and wetland areas. Most of this portion of the landfill is unlined. The landfill stopped receiving waste in July of 1998. Some of I the landfill has been capped but portions remain uncapped in several areas.

Contaminants typically associated with landfill leachate include VOCs, SVOCs, I petroleum hydrocarbons, polychlorinated byphenyls (PCBs), metals, and nitrate. Landfill leachate contaminants have been detected in samples collected within the Watershed from downgradient monitoring wells, surface water, and sediments. The I 1984 CDM report states that there was evidence indicating that contaminants from the CHL leachate were reaching Lily Pond. An October 1998 report11 by Norfolk I Environmental, Inc. concluded the following: • VOCs have historically been detected in groundwater samples collected I from monitoring wells located in Whitney Woods up to 1,300 feet from the landfill; • 1-4-dichlorobenzene has been consistently detected at concentrations I above the DEP's RCGW-1 groundwater reportable concentration in monitoring wells located on the western side of the landfill bordering the I wetlands; 11 Report on Potential Contaminant Migration From Cohasset Landfill to Lily Pond, Norfolk Environmental, I Inc., Octobers, 1998. I 3-8 I • The migration of these and other landfill-related compounds may pose a I threat to the wetlands in violation of the Massachusetts Surface Water Quality Standards in connection with the Outstanding Resource Water, Lily Pond. I • Suspected subsurface groundwater migration pathways through bedrock fractures have been documented and field-verified via geophysical very low frequency (VLF) radio wave detection. The identified fractures run I from the western side of the landfill southerly towards Brass Kettle Brook; and • Sediment samples from Brass Kettle Brook contain lead at concentrations I approaching the DEP's S-1 reportable concentration. Lead has been detected at concentrations above the DEP's Ambient Water Quality I Standards in surface water collected from Brass Kettle Brook and an unnamed tributary whose source is at the base of the landfill. These lead I detections suggest migration of lead from the landfill. On behalf of the Cohasset Board of Water Commissioner, on August 31, 2000 Norfolk Environmental, Inc. filed a Request for Determination of Applicability12 with the Cohasset I Conservation Commission. The RDA suggested that the CHL Landfill appears to be in violation of the Cohasset Wetlands Bylaw prohibition against alteration of a resource area. The RDA proposed that a Leachate Control Remedy consisting of a leachate I collection trench be required to prevent CHL from discharging leachate offsite into the Watershed. The Commission closed the hearing on November 30 and voted to require the CHL Landfill to prepare a Notice of Intent (NOI) to respond to the Water I Commission's RDA. The Conservation Commission issued a positive Determination of Applicability on December 18, 2000, that directed CHL to prepare the NOI within 90 I days of that order. In 2000, Norfolk Environmental, Inc., on behalf of the Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners, installed three bedrock monitoring wells as indicated on the I accompanying maps. These wells intercept the bedrock fractures identified by the VLF geophysical survey, and are sampled on a quarterly basis for volatile organic compounds, chemical oxygen demand, chloride, and the five "landfill" metals (antimony, I arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and lead). To date, sampling of these bedrock wells has not detected contaminant migration through the bedrock fractures.

I In response to the positive RDA, CHL submitted a NOI on' January 23, 2002 that proposed to conduct water quality protection measures and assessment work. The I activities proposed in the NOI included: 1. Reducing the volume of leachate that is currently generated by the existence of I the Landfill (based on capping and final landfill closure);

I 13 Request for Deferm/nafion of Applicability - Concerning the Discharge of Leachate from Cohasset Heights Ltd. Landfill to the Lily Pond Water Supply Watershed, Norfolk Environmental, Inc., August 31, I 2000. I 3-9 I 2. Conducting further water quality characterizations work to determine potential i impacts to the Watershed; and, 3. Constructing improvements to the existing leachate and underdrain collecting I system, commensurate with conditions that result from actions (1) and (2) above. In issuing a decision on this NOI, the Conservation Commission issued an Order of I Conditions on February 8, 2002 that required CHL to: • Sample groundwater from each COM well (or its replacement) once during high water table conditions and once during low water table conditions, I and sample surface water during high water conditions at groundwater monitoring locations along the lower wetlands; and I • Submit a report of the results of the sampling program that included an analysis of the potential impact of the landfill on the water quality of the lower wetlands, as well as recommendations for any additional monitoring I or remediation that may be necessary. The Conservation Commission also approved the following activities: reduce the I volume of leachate that is currently generated by the existence of the landfill through final capping, closure and associated activities; conduct additional water quality characterization work to determine potential impacts to the watershed; and construct I improvements to the existing leachate and underdrain collection systems, to the extent necessary after landfill closure. I The potential exists for transfer of landfill contaminants to the surface water supply via surface water flow, and groundwater flow through overburden and identified and unidentified bedrock fractures. The DEP Matrix categorizes landfills and dumps as High I threats to a surface water supply. I RECOMMENDATION 3.9 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should continue to monitor the bedrocks wells on a quarterly basis, until the SWSPP is revisited (after three years) at which time the need to monitor can be reevaluated, and I periodically review the progress of response actions conducted at the CHL Landfill so I that potential impacts to Lily Pond can be assessed. RECOMMENDATION 3.10 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should consider evaluating the feasibility of installing overburden-monitoring wells in the I depositional sands and gravels of the former or existing wetlands located between the CHL Landfill and Lily Pond. The geology of these wetlands are areas of greatest soil thickness consisting of deposits of gravel, sand and/or silts with relatively high hydraulic I conductivities, and could potentially serve as a pathway for impacted groundwater to I Lily Pond. I I 3-10 I Former Clapp Landfill. I The former Clapp Landfill is located within the Watershed, southeast of the Aaron River Reservoir, in Scituate. The site is a former solid waste disposal area that was closed in 1960 and at some point capped. According to Scituate officials, an environmental I assessment performed near the site found high levels of nitrate and other constituents indicating that these contaminants may be leaching from the landfill. The landfill was I recapped in July 2001. The soil and groundwater has not been tested for contaminants since the recapping. I The DEP Matrix categorizes landfills and dumps as High threats to a surface water supply. The threat posed by the former Clapp Landfill is mitigated however by the long pathway to Lily Pond, the closure of the landfill in 1960 and the recapping in 2001. This I assessment may change pending the outcome of future assessment activities.

RECOMMENDATION 3/TT The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should I periodically review the progress of the response actions conducted at the former Clapp I Landfill so that potential impacts to Aaron River Reservoir can be assessed. RECOMMENDATION 3.12 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should periodically test the Aaron River at the south end of the reservoir for the contaminants of I concern detected at the former Clapp Landfill with the potential to migrate to the river I via groundwater or surface water. I 3.1.3 Use and Storage of Hazardous Materials The DEP Matrix categorizes the use and storage of hazardous materials as High threats to a surface water supply. All of the Watershed towns have bylaws restricting the use I and storage of hazardous materials within their Water Resources Protection Districts, which are discussed below in more detail. Combined, these districts cover a large portion of the Watershed as indicated on Figure 2. There are no commercial properties I within the Watershed that are permitted as RCRA generators of hazardous materials. The threat to the surface water supply is mitigated by the fact that, in general, use and I storage of hazardous materials is not prevalent within the Watershed. RECOMMENDATION 3.13 The Watershed communities in cooperation with the I Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should continue to implement and periodically review and update where appropriate their Water Resources Protection Districts bylaws. The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should request the opportunity to review I the community bylaws or proposed changes and make recommendations towards I furthering the protection of the surface water supply. __^_ I I 3-11 I I 3.1.4 Untreated Stormwater Runoff Surface runoff of stormwater, which includes precipitation and snowmelt, can be a significant potential threat to wetlands and the surface water supply. This runoff can I typically contain many pollutants that have accumulated on the paved surfaces such as gasoline, used motor oil, antifreeze fluids, lead, and asbestos from automobiles, microbial pathogens, deicing chemicals, nutrients such as nitrogen as well as airborne I particulate deposition from automobile exhaust and industrial or commercial operations.

Lily Pond's trophic state has recently been evaluated as eutrophic bordering on hyper- I 13 eutrophic in work conducted as part of this SWSPP . Trophic states are classified as oligotrophic (having no or insignificant nutrient levels), or mesotrophic (having an I intermediate level of nutrients), or eutrophic (nutrient-enriched). Eutrophic conditions occur when sufficient nutrients such as nitrogen, in the form of nitrates, and phosphorus in the form of phosphates, are available to result in uncontrolled plant (algae) growth I with detrimental effects to the water quality. A similar condition exists for the Aaron River Reservoir. In addition to stimulating excess plant growth, nitrogen in the form of nitrate has been identified as a public health risk. Specifically elevated levels14 of nitrate I in drinking water can cause methemoglobinemia (or blue baby syndrome) in infants. Other potential health affects include cancer, disruption of thyroid function, birth defects and miscarriages. One of the main contributors of nitrates and phosphorous to the I surface water supply is untreated stormwater. The DEP Matrix categorizes stormwater drains/detention basins as High threats to a surface water supply. Of all the threats discussed in this SWSPP, eutrophication may be the single greatest concern due to the I direct evidence of its occurrence. For the past several years sodium has been detected in the municipal water supply at I concentrations above the DEP's Office of Research and Standards Guideline (ORSG) of 20 parts per million. This is most likely a direct result of using deicing chemicals containing sodium and chloride along roads whose drainage basins are tributary to Lily I Pond or its tributaries.

Many portions of the Watershed have "country drainage15", where stormwater is allowed I to naturally run off paved areas onto the sides of the roads, and other areas that have catch basins that direct the runoff to surface water bodies or allow it to leach into the soil. Of the three methods, directing the runoff into surface water bodies provides the I least amount of filtration or treatment, and therefore, is most detrimental to the water I quality. Cohasset. There are several areas within the Watershed in Cohasset where the I surface water supply is susceptible to pollution from untreated stormwater runoff. In 13 Evaluation of Trophic Status of Lily Pond, Cohasset, Massachusetts, Conrad Leszkiewicz, 2001, subcontract work as part of this SWSPP report. I 14 The Massachusetts Maximum Contamination Levels for nitrate in drinking water is 10mg/i. 15 Country drainage refers to the practice of having earth-lined ditches or grassy swales running parallel I to the road to collect and convey stormwater runoff. I 3-12 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

I '//// Water Resources Protection Districts I Watershed Boundary (Zone C|

I Figure 2 Water Resources Protection Districts Map NORFOLK Lily Pond and Aaron River Reservoir Watershed t RAM GROUP I ENGINEERING ; ENVIRONMENT I I particular, Lily Pond is susceptible along parts of King Street, Pond Street, and parts of I Route 3A near Peppermint Brook. The Aaron River Reservoir is susceptible to stormwater runoff from parts of Doane Street, parts of Beechwood Street near Doane Street, Arrowwood Street, and parts of Aaron River Road. Norfolk Ram Group as I consultant to the Cohasset Water Commission prepared a preliminary inventory of Stormwater drainage systems immediately tributary to Lily Pond. This preliminary I survey was completed on October 2001. (See memo in Appendix B). In 2000, the Cohasset Board of Health developed a management plan16 to address stormwater runoff. The plan calls for mapping of existing drain systems using CIS, I evaluating and ranking the threat pose by each system, and identifying and implementing Best Management Practices to mitigate impacts to the surface water I supply. Hingham. Stormwater runoff in Hingham presents no significant impact to the surface I water supply since most Hingham roads within the Watershed are located in Wompatuck State Park and are not heavily traveled. I Norwell. Stormwater drainage in Norwell typically consists of country drainage on their older roads, with newer roads designed with catch basins. Parts of Mount Hope Street I and Mt. Blue Street are within the Zone A. Scituate. In Scituate, parts of Thomas Clapp Road, Summer and Cedar Streets are located within the Zone A. Stormwater runoff from these roads could directly impact the I water quality of the Aaron River Reservoir or its tributaries. In addition, stormwater easily overruns drainage systems and banks of perennial and intermittent streams that I in turn flow untreated directly into the surface water supply. The Towns of Cohasset, Hingham, Norwell, and Scituate are required to comply with Phase II of the EPA's National Pollution Discharge Elimination System17 (NPDES) I Stormwater Program by 2003. This program requires NPDES permit coverage for stormwater discharges frpm municipal separate storm sewer systems and construction activities disturbing between 1 and 5 acres of land. Application for NPDES permit I coverage is due by March 10, 2003. I I I

16 Cohasset Stormwater Management Plan and Control Strategies, Town of Cohasset Board of Health, I August 2000. 17 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, an EPA permit program authorized under the Federal I Clean Water Act. I 3-13 I I RECOMMENDATION 3.14 It is reported the Towns of Norwell and Scituate are currently developing stormwater management plans similar to Cohasset's. Best I Management Practices should be identified and implemented immediately for the sections of road identified as posing a significant threat to the surface water supply. At a minimum, no-salt zones should be designated along the sections of roads with I drainage basins that discharge directly to the surface water supply. Also, the Planning Board for Cohasset and the other watershed communities should codify in their rules and regulations stormwater controls as part of the approval process for site plans, I subdivisions and other proposed creation of impervious areas. At a minimum these regulations should require compliance with the DEPs Best Management Practices set I forth in their Stormwater Management Policy. RECOMMENDATION 3.15 The Watershed communities should comply with the DEP's I Phase II Stormwater Management Program by the required deadline in 2003. The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should request the opportunity to follow and I comment on the communities1 progress in preparing these programs. I 3.1.5 Septic Systems On-site disposal of household septage via septic systems or cesspools can contribute I nutrients such as nitrite, nitrate and ammonia and phosphorus (from laundry detergent), as well as, household chemicals and pathogens to the surface water supply. Phosphorus is typically the limiting nutrient in freshwater to the uncontrolled algae I growth that leads to eutrophication. The DEP Matrix categorizes septic systems/cesspools as Moderate threats to a surface water supply. Septic systems located within 400 feet the surface water supply or tributaries, can pose a higher threat I since phosphorus can travel this distance in groundwater. Table 3-2 below, tabulates the location of known septic systems within the Watershed I based upon the year the systems were installed and their location within Zone A, B or C. Systems designated pre-1978 were installed prior to Title 518, which was promulgated in 1978. The original intent of Title 5 was to establish hydraulic controls for I the on-site disposal of sanitary sewage. It mandated engineering solutions for subsurface disposal of sanitary sewage thus preventing potential human exposure to sewage discharged to the ground surface. In 1995 changes to Title 5 were I implemented that enhanced the passive treatment of sewage in the subsurface. The new Title 5 Standards require leaching facilities to be installed within the aerated zone of the soil to increase aerobic biological degradation of organic compounds. This was I accomplished by requiring 4 to 5 feet of separation from "probable high groundwater" (which previously had not been required). The new Title 5 standards also provide for I advanced septic systems that achieve much greater organic compound degradation I 18 310 CMR 15.000 The State Environmental Code, Title 5. I 3-14 TABLE 3-2 NUMBER AND TYPE OF SEPTIC SYSTEMS BY ZONE SURFACE WATER SUPPLY PROTECTION PLAN LILY POND & AARON RIVER RESERVOIR

1995 (advanced Pre-1978 1978-94 1995-Present septic) - Present Totals Coh asset Zone A 5 19 2 0 26 Cohasset Zone B 5 145 30 3 183 Cohasset Zone C 5 148 28 3 184 Hingham Zone- A 0 0 0 0 0 HinghamZone B 0 0 0 0 0 Hingham Zone C 0 2 0 0 2 Norwell Zone A 1 4 1 0 6 Norwell Zone B 5 4 2 0 11 Norwell Zone C 5 8 3 0 16 Scituate Zone A 0 10 0 0 10 Scituate Zone B 6 37 13 0 56 Scituate Zone C 6 51 13 0 70 TOTALS 38 428 92 6 564

NOTE: For Norwell, data available is only for those parcels within or adjacent to Zone A.

Norfolk Ram Group, LLC 3-15a S/Ram/462.1/Tables/Sep.xls I

and nitrogen removal. These systems are typically required in some environmentally I sensitive areas (e.g., nitrogen sensitive areas); and in areas where individual system flows exceed 2,000 gpd or in areas where proper separation from groundwater or I separation from bedrock cannot be achieved with standard system upgrades. There are approximately 42 septic systems within the Zone A of the Watershed, 26 of which are located in Cohasset, 10 in Scituate (along reservoir east side), and 6 in I Norwell. Almost 90% of these septic systems are older systems that were constructed prior to the implementation of the 1995 Title 5 Standards and, therefore, may present a I more significant risk to water quality. Six of the septic systems within the Zone A were constructed pre-1978, and some of these include cesspools. Cohasset has adopted a wastewater management plan19, which is a voluntary plan that Cohasset citizens may I join to receive town-managed services for their residential septic systems if they pass a Title 5 Inspection. The plan offers 20-year loans to homeowners to repair/upgrade their septic systems should they fail at some future date. Other services to members include I Title 5 Inspections, annual evaluations, tank pumping (typically, every three years), maintenance, repair, and upgrades. I Cohasset. Of particular concern are the 24 older systems within the Zone A in Cohasset since older systems do not provide the level of treatment of the newer Title 5 systems. Since 2000, the Town of Cohasset has extended its sewer system into the I high-density areas north and west of Lily Pond. This has removed approximately 47 septic systems from the Zone A, 142 septic systems from the Zone B, and an additional 567 septic systems from the Zone C of the Watershed in Cohasset. The removal of I these septic systems will reduce the nutrient loading to Lily Pond via Peppermint Brook, where previous water quality studies had found significant levels of fecal coliform bacteria and nitrate. Another 183 septic systems remain in the Zone B (18% installed I under older Title 5 Standards) and 184 remain in the Zone C (17% installed under older Title 5 Standards) in Cohasset.

I Hinqham. There are only two septic systems in Hingham known to be within the Watershed and these are located along the northwest edge of the Watershed on Leavitt Street approximately 1,000 feet north of Brass Kettle Brook and 1.6 miles northwest of I Lily Pond. Both of these septic systems were installed in 1983 under the 1978 Title 5 Standards and do not pose a significant threat because of their distances from the I surface water supply or tributaries. Norwell. Norwell has approximately 6 septic systems within the Zone A, located near I Mt. Blue Street and Mount Hope Street near susceptible surface water bodies such as Bound Brook Pond and its outflow stream. Eleven septic systems are located within the Zone B in Norwell and 16 septic systems are located in the Zone C. While the number I of Norwell septic systems is small and does not suggest a significant potential threat, the age of these systems raises some concerns. One-third of the systems were I installed prior to 1978. 19 Cohasset Comprehensive On-Site Wastewater Management Plan, Town of Cohasset Board of Health, I August 2000. I 3-15 I

I Scituate. Septic systems at a new development located off Thomas Clapp Road in Scituate present a significant potential threat of contamination to the Aaron River Reservoir. The entire development is located within the Watershed, and consists of 3 I roadways with a total of 17 home sites. A portion of the site directly abuts the Town of Cohasset, and in particular, two lots abut the Scituate portion of the Aaron River I Reservoir. Other areas of the development abut bordering vegetative wetlands on all sides. To date 10 houses have been constructed with septic systems designed under the 1978 Title 5 Standards. The leaching facilities for these 10 septic systems are I clustered together due to the limited area of suitable soils, and eight of the systems are within approximately 200 feet of the Aaron River Reservoir. These septic systems are a significant concern because of the significant increase in the concentration of septic I effluent in an area of transmissive soils so close to the Aaron River Reservoir, and the fact that they do not comply with the more stringent 1995 Title 5 Standards. I In Scituate, a new residential development is planned with a potential of 250 houses. The area of the development is within the Watershed of the extension of the South Swamp tributary and associated wetlands that originate north of Clapp Road. I Development of this area could pose a threat to the surface water supply if controls are not in place.

I RECOMMENDATION 3.16 As stated in Recommendation 2.1, the Town of Scituate should locate/map and recognize for proper Title 5 setback requirements, filling and dredging restrictions, Zone A prohibitions, and, if applicable Rivers Act buffer I requirements the extension of the South Swamp tributary to the Aaron River Reservoir I identified by the First Herring Brook Watershed Initiative. In Scituate, there are approximately 50 septic systems located southeast of the Aaron I River Reservoir within the Zone B. Almost 40% of these septic systems were constructed or upgraded to meet the 1995 Title 5 Standards. Only 4% of the systems were installed prior to the 1978 Title 5 Standards. Also, as noted above, there are ten I (10) clustered septic systems located within the Zone A in Scituate, built according to I pre-1995 standards. RECOMMENDATION 3.17 The Watershed communities should develop and implement Comprehensive On-Site Wastewater Management Plans. The occupants of I residences within 400 feet of the surface water supply or tributaries should be instructed as to the detrimental effect of antiquated septic systems, disposal of chemicals via sinks or toilets and the benefits of using laundry detergents that do not contain phosphates. I The towns should consider adopting regulations possibly designating Septic System Management Districts where periodic inspections of septic systems within the Zone A I are mandated. I I 3-16 I I RECOMMENDATION 3.18 The towns of Cohasset and Scituate should extend the municipal sewer into areas where residences with on-site septic systems are located I within the Zone A.

RECOMMENDATION 3.19 The Town of Cohasset and the other watershed I communities should adopt zoning and non-zoning controls within the Zone A pursuant to 310 CMR 22.00, the Drinking Water Regulations. In Cohasset, for proposed zoning I changes, the Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should enlist the support of the Zoning Advisory Committee, which is a sub-committee of the Planning Board. I 3.1.6 State and Municipal Land and Facilities

I The main types of state and municipal land and facilities located within the Watershed are discussed below.

I Massachusetts Highway Department. A Massachusetts Highway Department ("MHD") facility is located on Scituate Hill in Cohasset, partially within the Zone C. The facility stores road salt, however, no vehicle I washing, or repair are conducted. A history of prior contamination at the MHD facility has been well documented in historic reports submitted to the DEP. Sodium and chloride are the primary contaminants of concern caused by the leaching of uncovered I deicing chemicals. Assessment work conducted as part of an investigation of the CHI Landfill indicates high concentrations of sodium and chloride in groundwater collected I downgradient of the MHD facility in the direction of Lily Pond. The assessment work conducted at the CHL Landfill is important since groundwater sampling and analysis has been discontinued at the MHD facility. As discussed above, sodium has been detected I in the municipal water supply at the water treatment plant above the state ORSG concentration. MHD has recently completed construction of a totally enclosed salt storage facility to prevent leaching of sodium and chloride into groundwater caused by I exposure to the elements. The DEP Matrix categorizes road and maintenance depots as Low threats to a surface water supply. Although historically, this MDH facility represented a High threat, the current improved facility should be consistent with the I DEP Matrix as a Low threat in the future.

RECOMMENDATION 3.20 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should I periodically review the progress of the response actions conducted at the CHL Landfill I so that potential impacts to Lily Pond can be assessed. RECOMMENDATION 3.21 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should implement the surface water monitoring as indicated in the long-term sampling plan set I forth in Section 4.0. I I 3-17 I

I Cohasset Water Treatment Plant. The Cohasset water treatment plant is located within the Zone A, at the north end of Lily Pond. The Plant has a design capacity of 3.0 million gallons per day (mgd) and a I current capacity of 2.5 mgd, and uses coagulation and flocculation processes (to help reduce turbidity), filtration, the addition of lime (to adjust pH) and the addition of chlorine and fluoride to the finished water that enters the distribution system. Approximately I 12,000 pounds of chlorine are stored on-site. The water treatment plant has no floor drains and all chemicals are stored inside the building within secondary containment. I On March 19, 2002, the water treatment plant was connected to the municipal sewer system for discharge and disposal of sanitary waste. Sludge from the system is transferred to two concrete-lined sludge-settling lagoons, located on-site. The facility I has a permit to discharge its supernatant effluent from the sludge settling lagoons to Lily Pond under a federal National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit. After drying, the sludge is currently stored on-site. The DEP Matrix categorizes water I treatment sludge lagoons as Low threats to a surface water supply.

RECOMMENDATION 3.22 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should I evaluate the potential for off-site disposal of the treatment sludge pursuant to 310 CMR I 32.00. the Land Application of Sludge and Septage regulation. Cemeteries. I The Matrix categorizes cemeteries as Low threats to a surface water supply. However, cemeteries can be sources of groundwater contamination from chemicals associated with embalming such as arsenic, atrazine, 2,4-D, methoxychlor, glyphosate, simazine, i carbaryi, dicamba, picloram, diazinon, pentachlorophenol, phenol, nitrate, and nitrite. In addition, pesticide, herbicide and fertilizer applications associated with lawn maintenance can load stormwater runoff with detrimental contaminants that could find I their way into the surface water supply.

The Beechwood Cemetery located on Beechwood Street in Cohasset is approximately I 680 feet northeast of the Aaron River Reservoir, 260 feet from the Aaron River and 65 I feet from the Zone A along the river. RECOMMENDATION 3.23 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners in partnership with Boards of Health in the Watershed communities should develop and I implement a Lawn Care Management Program for areas within the Zone A and all town- owned properties. The plan should define areas where the application of lawn care chemicals is prohibited such as within 200 feet of the surface water supply or tributaries, I and establish recommended application procedures and frequencies for areas within I the Zone A and Zone B. I I 3-18 1 1 The Mount Hope cemetery is located within the Zone C in Scituate more that 600 feet • from the Zone B, and is not considered a significant threat to the surface water supply.

Town Parks. 1^B The Town of Cohasset also owns Beechwood Park, a 2.78-acre park located across Beechwood Street from the Beechwood Cemetery. The park is used as a baseball field and for other recreational activities, and is not considered a significant threat to the surface water supply; however, it should be included in the Lawn Care Management Program recommended above. 1 There are no other state or municipal land and facilities within the Watershed in Hingham, Norwell, or Scituate. 1 3.1.7 Industrial Wastewater Discharge

1 The DEP Matrix categorizes NPDES locations as High threats to a surface water supply. Only one NPDES permit for discharge of wastewater currently exists for the Cohasset water treatment plant for the discharge of the supernatant from their sludge settling lagoons into Lily Pond.

I The CHL Landfill had a NPDES permit for discharging stormwater from a landfill area to an area outside of the Watershed, however, this permit has expired; and, a permit for • stormwater discharge to the Lily Pond Watershed has never been issued as required. 1 , • RECOMMENDATION 3.24 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should demand that the EPA order the CHL Landfill operator to obtain and keep current a NPDES permit for the discharge of its landfill stormwater into the Lily Pond Watershed.

1 3.1.8 Public and Private Recreation

I The DEP Matrix does not categorize public and private recreation areas. Such areas • within the Watershed include the Wompatuck State Park and Trustee of Reservations land, both located primarily in Hingham, and three small playing fields located in Cohasset Wompatuck State Park and the Trustee of Reservations land within the Watershed are Protected Open and Recreational Space, covering approximately 2,700 acres or 40% of the Watershed.

Wompatuck State Park is an approximate 3,600-acre parcel of land primarily located in Hingham but extending partially into Cohasset, Norwell and Scituate. It has been owned, operated and maintained by the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Management (DEM) since the land was bought from the United States Navy in 1974. Approximately 2,300 acres of Wompatuck State Park lie within the Watershed and the land consists primarily of upland forest and wetlands. The Park has a camping area with a capacity of 440 campsites, two paved parking lots, a wildlife management area, 1 and 1.3 miles of paved bicycle paths. 1 3-19 I

I The Trustee of Reservations, a member-supported, non-profit conservation organization owns Whitney and Thayer Woods (the Woods), located in Cohasset and Hingham. Approximately 380 acres of the Woods are located within the Watershed consisting of I upland forest. Walking along paths through the Woods is the main recreational activity located within the Watershed boundary. A pervious parking lot is located off Route 3A I in Cohasset for vehicle parking. 3.1.9 Electric Transmission Line Right-of-Way

I Massachusetts Electric Company transmission lines enter the Watershed from the north, travel through Cohasset and Hingham, and leave the Watershed through Scituate I at the west side of the Watershed. National Grid USA maintains this utility right-of-way, which includes clearing and application of herbicides to manage vegetation. National Grid USA applies herbicides within the easement in accordance with their Yearly I Operational Plan ("YOP") and in compliance with 333 CMR 11.00, Standards for the Implementation of Integrated Pest Management Techniques. The YOP must be submitted to the Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture each year. I National Grid USA also provides a copy of the YOP to the chief elected official, the Board of Health, and the Conservation Commission of every town in which the herbicide treatment is proposed for that year. Separate notices to each of these entities is also I given at least 21 days prior to the application of herbicides in right-of-ways for each town where treatment will be carried out. I According to the YOP, biological control is used to control the growth of trees within the right-of-way, which includes both promoting the establishment of plant communities that resist invasion by tree species and the judicious and selective use of herbicides on tall I growing trees. Application of herbicides is performed by trained, licensed applicators using hand-held equipment. Applicators walk to each target plant and apply the minimal effective dosage of herbicide. National Grid USA uses only those herbicides and I application methods recommended for use in sensitive areas in all the right-of-way areas, as per 333 CMR 11.04(1)(d).

I Hand cutting and mowing is also used as an alternative method of control in sensitive areas and buffer zones. Herbicide application is prohibited within 100 feet a public surface water supply and its tributaries, and restricted to selective stem application at an I interval of not less than 24 months, when applied between 100 and 400 feet from a public surface water supply. Herbicide application is also prohibited within 10 feet of wetlands or surface water bodies that are not a public water supply and restricted to a I minimum 12-month interval when applied between 10 to 100 feet of these sensitive areas. The application of herbicides is also restricted to a minimum 12-month interval I when applied within 100 feet of any inhabited area or any agricultural area during the growing season. I I I 3-20 I Transmission right-of ways are typically considered adequately regulated, however, a I significant area of right-of-ways exists within the Zone A along the shores of the Aaron I River Reservoir mostly in Cohasset, and partially in Hingham. RECOMMENDATION 3.25 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners in cooperation with the Cohasset Board of Health and Conservation Commission should I maintain close oversight of the application of herbicides in areas of right-of-ways that are within the Zone A, and request in writing, advanced notice of any planned application of herbicides within the Zone A and Zone B areas of the watershed, and an I annual updated copy of the utility company YOP.

I 3.1.10 Forestry Practices I DEM Land Management. Land management and management of forests and wetlands by the Massachusetts DEM adds significantly to the protection of the Watershed. Eco-friendly management I practices conducted across large areas of the Watershed contribute to maintaining a healthy ecosystem. Forestation provides soil stabilization and buffering. Uptake of certain pollutants by upland and wetland biota provides a natural means of controlling I pollutant loading on the surface water supply, and bordering vegetative wetlands provide a natural means of storing and filtering surface water runoff and groundwater. I Forestry practices such as the planned cutting of trees and clearing of the forest floor, are governed by Massachusetts General Law (MGL) c. 132 Sections 40-46 and codified under 304 CMR 11.00, Forest Cutting Practices. Non-commercial cutting and small I commercial harvesting of forested areas; (i.e. cutting less than 25,000 board-feet, 50 cords or one parcel of land) at any one time are exempt from this regulation.

I Under 304 CMR 11.00, filter strips must be left along the edges of the bank of any water body. A filter strip is an area of forested land where no more than 50% of the basal area can be cut at any one time and a waiting time of 5 years must elapse before I another cut is made. The filter strip along Outstanding Resource Waters, such as Lily Pond, and its associated streams and wetlands, extends back a distance of at least 50 feet, increasing as a function of land slope [see Table 1 in 304 CMR 11.05(1)(d)(2)]. I Harvesting equipment restrictions also apply to filter strip areas.

According to the DEM and the Trustee of Reservations, all forestry practices at I Wompatuck State Park and the Woods are in accordance with these regulations. Therefore, these areas are considered adequately regulated and are not considered a I significant threat to the surface water supply. Woody/Vfjelgid Infestation. In some areas of the Watershed, notably along the southeastern side of the Aaron River I Reservoir, the woody adelgid insect has impacted eastern hemlock tree species. This I I 3-21 I

has resulted in the loss of trees within the filter strip of the reservoir, and is cause for I concern about potential erosion problems.

I RECOMMENDATION 3.26 The Towns of Cohasset, Hingham and Scituate should plant, or encourage the planting (via education and/or a program to supply and plant saplings) of non-hemlock conifer tree species in areas damaged by woody adelgid I infestation within 50 feet of the Aaron River Reservoir or Lily Pond in order to reduce potential siltation of the water bodies and maintain slope stability. This planting program may best be implemented through local conservation commission efforts. The I Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should discuss such a program with their I local conservation commissioners. I 3.1.11 Storage of Fertilizer, Manure, Road Salt The DEP Matrix categorizes storage of fertilizers as Moderate threats to a surface water supply, and storage of manure as High threats. There are several areas where I fertilizers or manure are stored within the Watershed. None of these areas, however, are located within the Zone A. As mentioned above, the MHD currently stores road salt at their facility located on Scituate Hill in Cohasset. In the summer of 2001, MHD I completed construction of a totally enclosed salt storage facility at the site to prevent leaching of sodium and chloride into groundwater. There are two garden supply stores within the Watershed that store small amounts of manure and fertilizer. To the extent I that these products are sold in small quantities in the manufacturers packaging these are not considered a threat to the surface water supply. I The Town of Cohasset has one road salt storage location at the Cedar Street Landfill, which is located outside the Watershed. Hingham, Norwell, and Scituate also have salt I storage facilities all of which are located outside the Watershed. RECOMMENDATION 3.27 The Watershed communities should require that all outdoor I storage of fertilizers or manure be contained in weatherproof enclosures.

I 3.1.12 New Construction

New construction within the Watershed has the potential to impact the water quality by I erosion, and additional nutrient loading through on-site septic systems and stormwater run-off. As shown on Maps 1a and 2, much of the land within the Zone A cannot be developed since it consists of wetland or Protected Open Space. Cohasset, Norwell, I and Scituate by-laws require that contractors take steps to prevent untreated stormwater runoff and soil erosion during construction. Under EPA's Phase II Stormwater Program, construction that disturbs greater than 1 acre of land will require I the filing of an NPDES permit application. I I 3-22 I I 3.1.13 Sand and Gravel Mining/Washing Operations Contaminants associated with sand and gravel mining/washing operations include VOCs, SVOCs and petroleum hydrocarbons. The DEP Matrix categorizes these I operations as Moderate threats to a surface water supply. There are no known active I sand and gravel mining/washing operations within the Watershed. 3.2 Water Supply Impacts from Future Land Use I This section reviews the allowable future land uses under current zoning regulations to determine potential future impacts to the surface water supply. I 3.2.1 Protected Areas, Open Space and Municipal Zoning within the Watershed The Watershed is relatively well protected by municipal zoning, Open Space and I Protected Areas as indicated on Map 2. Protected Areas are those sections of the Watershed where zoning and/or non-zoning controls have been implemented. Open Space includes protected areas such as conservation lands and outdoor recreational I facilities. Approximately 63% of the Watershed is designated Open Space. All land within the Zone A is either residentially zoned, Open Space or Protected Areas. I Most of the land within the Zone B is Protected Areas or Open Space or is zoned residential with the exception of a small commercially zoned area located northeast of Lily Pond, and a commercial zone northwest of the Aaron River Reservoir. The Zone C I has within its boundaries Open Space; commercial, residential, and Industrial area is located in the northwest corner of the Watershed, within the town of Cohasset.

I There are several town-designated overlay protection districts that apply within the Watershed, in addition to municipal zoning. Cohasset approved a Water Resource District that encompasses all of the land in Cohasset within the Watershed. There are I several other areas in Cohasset that are protected in perpetuity as Open Space and some lots that are protected as agricultural land.

I Hingham land within the Watershed consists of Open Space and residential land. As indicated above, the Wompatuck State Park and Trustee of Reservations land is I protected in perpetuity as Open Space. Hingham's Watershed and Aquifer Protection Districts do not intersect the Watershed and, therefore, provide no protection for the I surface water supply. Norwell land within the Watershed consists entirely of residential land for single-family dwellings. Much of Norwell within the Watershed is also protected by Norwell's Aquifer I Protection District. Scituate land within the Watershed consists entirely of residential land for single-family I dwellings. All of Scituate's land within the Watershed is also protected by a Water I Resources Protection District. I 3-23 I

I 3.2.2 Future Land Use Impacts

Cohasset has approximately 1,983 acres of reserved or undeveloped land within the I Watershed, all of which is zoned for residential use. Approximately 70% of the undeveloped land is wetland or non-accessible and cannot be developed, leaving I approximately 600 acres of developable land. Much of this remaining land area is protected as Open Space or non-developable wetlands. While there is a part of the Watershed zoned for business and commercial uses, these zoning districts are subject I to the land use controls of Cohasset's Water Resource District. In general, the only foreseeable potential future impact to the surface water supply from land use for this I part of the Watershed is from private on-site septic systems and unexpected releases. Virtually all of Hingham within the Watershed is protected as Open Space. The Water Resources Protection Districts in Norwell and Scituate cover substantial areas of the I towns that are within the Watershed, and these regulations provide good protection from future land impacts.

I RECOMMENDATION 3.28 The Watershed communities should allow officials from each town the chance to review and comment on zoning variances or special permits for proposed future development. To the best of its ability, town officials in the town I where the zoning variances or special permits apply should incorporate the comments I of the other Watershed town officials into the approval process. I 3.3 Public Access/Recreation Impacts This section reviews the public access policies and recreational impacts that currently I exist in the Watershed. 3.3.1 Public Access to Lily Pond and Aaron Reservoir

I The Cohasset Water Department currently provides limited public access to Lily Pond and the Cohasset Water Department and the DEM jointly provide public access to the Aaron River Reservoir. Both Lily Pond and the reservoir are protected from general, I unrestrained public access by heavily forested areas, wetlands as well as private residential lots to the east.

I Recreational use of Lily Pond, the Aaron River Reservoir, Pape Reservation, Bound Brook Pond, and the Aaron River is limited to picnicking, rowing, fishing, and hiking. The use of sailboats, motorboats, and powerboats in these areas is prohibited. There I are currently no local restrictions on walking or riding domestic animals in these areas. The impacts to the surface water supply from these non-restricted activities are I considered insignificant. Swimming and all water contact sports are prohibited. I Canoeing is also restricted on the Aaron River Reservoir by prior agreement with the I 3-24 state in accordance with Massachusetts General Laws, Ter. Ed. Chapter 111, Section 160.

RECOMMENDATION 3.29 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should post signs at the public access ways for both Lily Pond and the Aaron River Reservoir that indicate allowed and prohibited activities within these water bodies.

3.4 Wildlife Impacts

3.4.1 Existing or Potential Water Supply Impacts from Wildlife

The DEP Matrix categorizes aquatic wildlife as a HIGH threat to a surface water supply. According to the Cohasset Wildlife Officer, no large populations of any one species of animal exist within the Watershed. Wildlife typical for the area includes deer, fox, coyote, skunks, raccoons, beaver, and opossum. Turtles live in the pond, and have been known to get inside the grate for the water treatment plant intake. Approximately seven families of Canadian geese have also been residing near Lily Pond over the past several years. Canadian geese are known to create problems in water supplies, including excessive fecal coliform bacteria contamination. Beavers are not currently a problem in the Watershed.

RECOMMENDATION 3.30 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should take steps to discourage geese and other nuisance wildlife from roosting near Lily Pond. One method gaining in popularity is to employ the use of dogs such as the Border Collie. These animals tirelessly pursue geese on the ground and provide a harmless threat that discourages the geese from setting up roost. The dogs are available for sale through kennels that specifically train them for this purpose. A Water Department employee or neighboring property owner could be "hired" to keep the trained dog and patrol the site periodically.

3.4.2 Existing or Potential Water Supply Impacts from Domestic Animals

Cohasset records show that 6 horses are registered at locations within the Watershed. Norwell records indicate 4 horses are stabled within Zone B of the Watershed. Hingham and Scituate have no available records of horses within the Watershed. Small stable operations located outside of the Zone A are not considered a significant threat to the surface water supply.

3-25 I

I 3.5 In-Lake Problems I 3.5.1 Existing or Potential In-Lake Problems In 1985, COM performed a preliminary assessment of the trophic state of Lily Pond20. COM suggested that Lily Pond was, at that time, in a eutrophic or borderline I mesotrophic/eutrophic state. As discussed above, a more recent evaluation indicates that Lily Pond and the Aaron River Reservoir are eutrophic, or borderline hyper- I eutrophic. A discussion of this recent evaluation follows. As part of this SWSPP, a current evaluation of the trophic state of Lily Pond was I performed using the Vollenweider model and the Carlson Trophic State Index (CYSI). The estimated hydraulic residence time of the water in Lily -Pond and analytical data collected over the past three years from the pond and its tributaries formed the basis for I this assessment. Based on the Vollenweider model results it appears that Lily Pond is in a eutrophic state. I The results of the assessment were checked by comparing the total phosphorous concentrations in Lily Pond to the Carlson Trophic State Index (CTSI). According to the CTSI, index values over 50 are considered eutrophic, and index values over 70 are I considered hyper-eutrophic. The average index value obtained for Lily Pond, based upon phosphorous readings over the past three years was 68, which supports the results of the Vollenweider model that Lily Pond is eutrophic. For several of the I sampling periods, the index value exceeded 70 indicating at these times the pond could be considered hyper-eutrophic.

I The CTSI for the average concentration of total phosphorus in the Aaron River Reservoir is 74, indicating the reservoir is also hyper-eutrophic.

I In addition, another indicator of in-lake problems occurred in July of 1998, when the intake to the water treatment plant was clogged by aquatic weeds preventing any water from getting into the plant. The potential for excessive aquatic plant growth and the I spread of nuisance weeds in the pond is a threat to the water supply probably associated with the high concentration of nutrients in the water. Long-term prevention and/or management of this condition requires monitoring nutrient levels in the pond and I implementation of the various recommendations aimed at the reduction of nutrient I loading as set forth in this SWSPP. I 3.6 Other Areas of Concerns According to the USGS Bedrock Geologic Map of Massachusetts by E-an Zen, bedrock across the entire Watershed is the Dedham Granite. Groundwater flow through bedrock I is along fractures, and can move in different directions from flow in the overburden. I 20 Water Resource Management Report, Camp Dresser & McKee, March 1986 I 3-26 I Bedrock fractures are known to exist within the Watershed northwest of Lily Pond and I likely exist throughout the Watershed. The potential exists for impacted groundwater that migrates into bedrock to travel to the surface water supply or tributaries along these fractures. Groundwater flow through bedrock fractures can significantly reduce the I migration time and diffusion, attenuation and retardation of contaminants in the groundwater compared to flow through soil. This is a concern since the CHL Landfill, MHD salt storage site, and the Norfolk Conveyor Site, all located northwest of Lily Pond, I are known sources of contamination to groundwater. These releases to groundwater, while occurring relatively far away from the surface water supply, could impact Lily Pond via transport through the bedrock fractures. The Cohasset Board of Water I Commissioners has installed three (3) deep groundwater-monitoring wells in some of these bedrock fractures to monitor the groundwater quality in the fractures. Minor concentrations of contaminants typical of landfill leachate have recently been detected I in the wells, which are monitored on a quarterly basis. I As recommended above, the Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should continue to monitor these wells so that potential migration of contaminants via bedrock fractures I can be detected before they impact Lily Pond. I I I I I I I I I I I 3-27 I I 4.0 SAMPLING PLAN 4.1 Previous Surface Water Sampling

I Prior to preparing the sampling plan recommendations noted later in this chapter, it was necessary to review the several different historic sources of surface water testing data I for the watershed. These sources, in order of historic date, are discussed briefly below: 1. Surface water quality test results reported in "Hydrogeoloqical and Water Quality Study of Watersheds Tributary to Lily Pond and Great Swamp in the I Area of Scituate Hill", prepared by COM, November 1984. Data is reported based on surface water samples near and down gradient of the CHL landfill. I The surface water data in this report demonstrated that certain surface water quality constituents (specifically chloride and sulfate) exceeded typical background levels, and were attributable to leachate and/or underdrain I discharges from the CHL landfill that was in operation at the time. (Not all of the testing data in this source is relevant to the Lily Pond watershed since some of the data related to impacts to the neighboring Great Swamp I watershed). 2. Surface water quality test results reported in "Water Resources Management I Plan", prepared by COM, March 1986. Data is reported based on sampling of Lily Pond (surface and bottom samples), Peppermint Brook, Brass Kettle Brook, Aaron River Reservoir outflow, and Bound Brook at the control I structure. The surface water data demonstrated that the most elevated contaminant levels (compared to typical pristine background levels) were found in Peppermint Brook, which is understandable as it is located in the I most densely developed portion of the watershed. Elevated phosphorous levels found in the pond bottom sample and in Bound Brook are believed related to the anoxic conditions (low oxygen levels) that were found in the I pond bottom water. The indications were that the pond sediments, under anoxic conditions, are releasing phosphorous and other inorganic elements. Also, low levels of alkalinity were found in the pond indicating a reduced I buffering capacity of the pond due to acid rain.

3. Surface water quality test results reported in "Report on Potential I Contaminant Migration from Cohasset Landfill to Lily Pond", prepared by Norfolk Environmental, October 1998. This report includes a compilation of historic data from landfill monitoring by others, supplemented by new surface I water sampling of a stream that originates at CHL landfill and continues south to Brass Kettle Brook. Conductivity was measured as a genera! indicator of I contamination (particularly chloride) in surface water, which showed a decrease in conductivity with increasing distance from the landfill. Also, several surface water points along the same stream were sampled and tested I for volatile organic compounds, chemical oxygen demand, chloride, chromium I and lead. This surface water data was consistent in demonstrating that I 4-1 I certain surface water quality constituents downgradient of the landfill I (specifically chloride, COD, lead and toluene) exceeded typical background levels, and were attributable either to leachate and/or underdrain discharges from the CHL landfill, or to other upgradient sources (e.g. Webb/Norfolk I Conveyor site, Mass. Highway site).

4. Surface water quality test results reported in the "Cohasset Water Quality I Study. Cohasset, MA", prepared by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, February 1999. The Army Corps of Engineers conducted a limited watershed study that included sediment and surface water quality tests to check for possible I contamination from the former Hingham Annex waste site, the CHL landfill and residential areas tributary to the Aaron River and Lily Pond. Watershed I related data includes sediment test data for Brass Kettle Brook at four stations located progressively further from CHL landfill, and surface water test data for Peppermint Brook at King Street, and Aaron River at Doane Street I and Union Street. The test results indicated some elevated levels of lead in Brass Kettle Brook, with a pattern of decreasing lead levels from the station closest to the landfill to the station closest to Lily Pond, indicating a possible I upstream source. Another area of possible concern raised by the study was the elevated levels of fecal coliforms and nitrate in Peppermint Brook. I 5. Surface water quality test results reported for CHL Landfill (state required landfill monitoring). Surface water testing continues to occur quarterly in areas downgradient of the CHL landfill, and Norfolk Ram Group, as I consultants for the Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners, have been reviewing and summarizing this data on a regular basis. The most significant aspect of the results from this regular testing is the data consistently show I that surface waters downgradient of the landfill are impacted by elevated sodium and chloride contamination. (This reports also consistently show that groundwater, considered separately due to pathway differences, is also I significantly affected by sodium, chloride, and the volatile organic compound 1, 4 dichlorobenzene in excess of drinking water standards.)

I The above noted historic data reports were considered along with regular testing of the water supply and tributaries, as sampled semi-annually by Tutela Engineering (Tutela) from mid 1998 to mid 2000, and as sampled quarterly by Norfolk Ram Group (Norfolk) I from September 2001 through March 2002. The following locations have been sampled by Tutela, and parameters analyzed (that varied by location) included total phosphate, I total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total and dissolved sodium, pH, and temperature. • Lily Pond, at 1-foot below surface I Brass Kettle Brook Peppermint Brook • Aaron River Reservoir, at the outfall I • Bound Brook, at the control structure I • Brook from Flat Swamp, below Clapp Road in Scituate I 4-2 I

I Norfolk's surface water testing included the first four of those locations noted above along with the following additional locations (with some changes by quarter, depending I upon parameters being tested): • Lily Pond, deep samples • Herring Brook Outlet at Lily Pond I • Aaron River near Doane Street Crossing • Aaron River Reservoir, deep samples • Aaron River Reservoir, west side near Hingham Annex I • Outlet of Stream from South Swamp, Scituate, (S.E. area, Aaron River Reservoir) I • Outlet of Aaron River into the reservoir in Hingham The Norfolk sampling parameters (that varied be sample location) included dissolved I oxygen, pH, conductivity, temperature, turbidity, alkalinity, carbon dioxide, COD (chemical oxygen demand), chlorides, fecal coliform, orthophosphate, total phosphorous, total nitrogen (TKN), nitrate-nitrogen, volatile organic compounds (voc's), I and metals. The results for the Tutela / Norfolk testing from 1998/99 through 2001 are included in the data table that presents the latest March 2002 short term sampling that I was performed as part of this SWSPP. These data are discussed below. 4.2 Short-Term Sampling I As shown in Table 4-1, a comprehensive short-term sampling plan was devised and implemented as part of this SWSPP in order to identify or confirm any contamination sources in Lily Pond, Aaron River Reservoir and their tributaries. The surface water I data collected through this effort was used in consideration of historic data and known land uses and potential threats to devise a long-term sampling strategy for the I Watershed. The nine (9) locations of short term surface water sampling, performed as part of this SWSPP are designated on Map 1b as Sample #1 through Sample #9. These locations I were selected on the basis of prior sampling records noted above and the location of known or suspected sources of contamination. Consideration was given to concerns over potential releases of contaminants from the Cohasset Heights Landfill site, I Massachusetts Highway Department facility, Norfolk Conveyor, and military storage bunkers in Wompatuck State Park. The parameters of concern with the greatest potential impact on the watershed include volatile organic compounds, heavy metals, I sodium, phosphorus and nitrate. I Norfolk Ram Group collected surface water samples at the nine locations indicated on Map 1b for this SWSPP on March 7, 2002. These latest test results are presented in Table 4-2 along with related historical test data form the Tutela / Norfolk testing. Also, I charts are provided in Figures 3 through 14 that provides a visual review of the data I from Table 4-2 along with some of the test data from the 1985 COM report and the 1998 I 4-3 TABLE 4-1 SHORT-TERM SAMPLING PLAN LOCATIONS AND PARAMETERS SURFACE WATER SUPPLY PROTECTION PLAN FOR LILY POND & AARON RIVER RESERVOIR

JS w o> iE_ a> o IS £r ro V in o O fi QJ sample o c o> ti a> Location i— •o a u 00 Q n TO ro O b o ~n Rationale for NO. Sampling Location o Q Q O o 0> 0 -C o o o 0) * t/*l £ u LL t- Q- < (J H z o a tj = sampling

Outlet of Brass Kettle prior Releases, 1 X X X X X X X X X Brook at Lily pond Landfills

Lily Pond -shallow 23. samples X X X X X X X X X X X X water supply

2D. Lily Pond • Deeq samples X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X water supply

peppermint Brook Septic, stormwater 3 . X X X X X X X X X X X outlet at Lily Pond Runoff

Herring Brook outlet at X X Lily Pond X X X X X inlet from Reservoir

Aaron River near Doane septic, stormwater 5 X X X X X X X X X Street Crossing Runoff

Aaron River Reservoir - 63. X X snaiiow samples X X X X X X X X water supply

Aaron River Reservoir - X 6D. Deep Samples X X X X X X X X "X X X X X water supply

Aaron River Reservoir - 7 west side near Hingnam X X X X X X X Known Release Site Annex

Outlet of stream from Septic, stormwater 8 X X X X X X X X X X X X X South swamp in scituate Runoff outlet of Aaron River septic, stormwater 9 into Reservoir in X X X X X X X X X X X x Hingnam Runoff

Total Number of Samples 2 2 4 1 11 2 6 « 9 2 8 3 B 4 11 11 11 11 11

Norfolk Ram Group, LLC 4-3a S/RamM62.1/Tables/Tab1e4-1.xls TABLE 4-2a Quarterly Water Sampling Results Sample Location Outlet of Brass Outlet of Outlet of Aaron River Outlet of Kettle Peppermln Herring Aaron Aaron River Aaron River Reservoir Outlet of Aaron Rivet Brook Lily Pond Lily Pond t Brook Brook River near Reservoir Reservoir West side Stream at Aaron at Lily Shallow Deep at Lily at Lily Doano Shallow Deep near from South River Pond - Samples Samples Pond Pond Street Samples Samples Htngham Swamp in Reservoir Sample Location Location Location Location Location Location Location Location Annex Scituate in Hinflham Date #1 »2a #2b #2 #4 #5 #6a #6b Location #7 Location #8 Location #9

HssoCved Oxygen (hi

7/27/99 NT NT •NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT 6/1/00 NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT .NT 9/25/01 1.86 7.1 NT 7.42 2.78 7.91 8.76 NT NT NT 7.59

12/6/01 10.4 10.37 9.64 10.84 10.6 12.86 11.46 11.58 12.11 10.3 11.02 3/7/02 10.45 12.58 12.53 11.47 11.59 12.45 12.89 12.16 12.57 12.7 12.86

pH (field, s.u.)

1/7/99 3.87 5.47 NT 5.89 NT NT 5.48 NT NT NT NT 4/7/99 5.59 6.6 NT 6.49 NT NT 6.69 NT NT NT NT 5/13/99 5.45 6.39 NT 6.08 NT NT 6.46 NT NT NT NT 6/16/99 5.02 5.25 NT 5.68 NT NT 5.94 NT NT NT NT 7/27/99 NSF 6.52 NT 6.28 NT NT 6.44 NT NT NT NT 6/1/00 NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT 9/25/01 7.65 7.23 NT 6.9 6.48 7.3 7.29 NT NT NT 6.4 12/6/01 7.31 7.33 7.4 7.47 7.6 8.06 7.31 7.21 7.11 7.12 8.07 3/7/02 7.3 6.85 6.86 6.34 6.87 6.7 6.39 5.24 6.45 6.38 6.58

Conductivity (mS/cm 7/27/99 NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT 6/1/00 NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT 9/25/01 108 128 NT 127 110 111 107 NT NT NT 124 12/6/01 153.2 151.3 148 147.7 141.6 105.6 109.3 111.5 111 114.7 104.8 3/7/02 48 110 109 286 80 96 75 75 71 144 74

Norfolk Ram Group, LLC S/Rarn/462.1/Tables/Table4-2 TABLE 4-2b Quarterly Water Sampling Results Sample Location

Aaron River Outlet of Outlet of Outlet of Outlet of Aaron River Reservoir Stream Aaron River Brass Kettle Lily Pond Peppermint Outlet of Aaron River Reservoir Aaron River West side from South at Aaron River Brook Shallow Lily Pond Brook Herring Brook near Doane Shallow Reservoir nearHingham Swamp in Reservoir Sample at Lily Pond Samples Deep Samples at Lily Pond at Lily Pond Street Samples Deep Samples Annex Scituate in Hlngham Date Location #1 Location #2a Location #2b Location #3 Location #4 Location #5 Location #6a Location #6b Location #7 Location #8 Location #9

'omporature (d«g C>

1/7/99 6,9 6.8 NT 4.4 NT NT 5.0 NT NT NT NT

4/7/99 17.6 13.1 NT 13.1 NT NT 12.5 NT NT NT NT

5/13/99 17.5 18.6 NT 13.6 NT NT 16.3 NT NT NT NT

6/16/99 23.1 23 NT 15.5 NT NT 23 NT NT NT NT

7/27/99 NSF 28.1 NT 18.9 NT NT 28.7 NT NT NT NT

6/1/00 20.5 22.1 NT • 16.3 NT NT 21.7 NT NT NT NT

9/25/01 19.48 19.88 NT 20.96 19.7 22.69 22,25 NT NT NT 20.82

12/6/01 13.9 12.4 15.1 12.2 1308 18.09 15.5 16.71 20,47 16.26 17.13 3/7/02 4.11 5.5 5.44 6.71 4.78 6.09 5.27 5.24 5.98 4.6 5.81

Turbidity (NTU)

7/27/99 NT NT NT NT NT NT NT • NT NT NT NT

6/1/00 NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT

9/25/01 7.6 1.7 NT 4 1.9 13.6 7.2 NT NT NT 14.6

12/6/01 51 42.5 35 34.5 43.8 57.7 52.2 57.7 56.8 40 51.3

3/7/02 2.2 1.4. 1.2 1.4 1 3.7 0.8 7 22 0.9 100.7

Alkalinity (mg/L as CaCoJ

7/27/99 NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT 6/1/00 NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT 9/25/01 5.8 5.8 NT 6,8 6.8 NT 3.9 NT NT 3.9 2.9 12/6/01 8 7 " 5 8 12 NT 2 1 NT 4 ND 3/7/02 <2.0 5 6 20 <2.0 NT 3 <2 NT 3 <2

Carbon Dioxide (mg/L) 7/27/99 NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT 6/1/00 NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT 9/25/01 NT 9.5 NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT

12/6/01 NT 19 7.9 NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT 3/7/02 NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT

Norfolk Ram Group, LLC S/Ram/462.1(Tables/Table4-2 TABLE 4-2c Quarterly Water Sampling Results Sample Location

Outlet of Aaron River Outlet of Aaron River Outlet of Outlet of Outlet of Aaron River Aaron River Reservoir Stream at Aaron Brass Kettle Lily Pond Peppermint Herring Aaron River Reservoir Reservoir West side neai from South River Brook Shallow Lily Pond Brook Brook near Doane Shallow Deep Hingham Swamp In Reservoir Sample at Lily Pond Samples Deep Samples at Lily Pond at Lily Pond Street Samples Samples Annex Scltuate in Hingham Date Location #1 Location »2a Location #2b Location #3 Location #4 Location #5 Location #6a Location #6b Location #7 Location #8 Location #9

COD(mg/L)

7/27/99 NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT 6/1/00 NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT 9/25/01 29 32 NT 34 38 34 27 NT 14 20 57

12/6/01 24 19 33 28 17 29 ND 31 24 16 65 3/7/02 32 32 NT 22 36 32 32 27 29 39 35 roc (mg/L) 3/7/02 NT 9.7 9.2 NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT

Color (AOMI)

3/7/02 NT 50 50 NT NT NT 120 120 NT NT NT

Chloride+A9 (mg/L)

7/27/99 NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT 6/1/00 NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT 9/25/01 26 32 NT 33 NT NT 28 NT NT 29 33 12/6/01 29 33 30 33 NT NT 28 27 NT 28 36 3/7/02 12 39 38 110 NT NT 30 30 NT 62 28

F«cal Collform (# p«r 100 ml) 7(27/99 NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT 6/1/00 NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT 9/25/01 NT NT NT ND NT 10 NT NT NT 10 270 12/6/01 NT NT 20 20 NT ND NT ND NT ND ND

3/7/02 NT NT <10 20 NT <10 NT <10 NT 10 <10

Orthophosphate {mg/L)

7/27/99 NT NT NT • NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT 6/1/00 NT NT ' NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT 9/25/01 NT ND NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT 12/6/01 NT ND 0.02 NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT 3/7/02 NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT

Norfolk Ram Group, LLC S/Ram/462.1/Tables/Table'1-2 TABLE 4-2d Quarterly Water Sampling Results Sample Location

Aaron River Outlet of Outlet of Outlet of Outlet of Aaron River Reservoir stream Aaron River Brass Kettle Lily Pond Peppermint Outlet of Aaron River Reservoir Aaron River West side from South at Aaron Rivei Brook Shallow Lily Pond Brook Herring Brook near Doane Shallow Reservoir near Hingham Swamp In Reservoir Sample at Lily Pond Samples Deep Samples at Lily Pond at Lily Pond Street Samples Deep Samples Annex Scituate In Hingham Date Location #1 Location S2a Location #2b Location 03 Location #4 Location #5 Location 06a Location *6b Location #7 Location #8 Location #3

Total Phosphorus as Phosphate (mg/L)

7/2/98 NT 0.11 NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT 7/14/98 022 • 0.12 NT NT NT NT 0.22 NT NT NT NT 1/7/99 0.26 0.2 NT 0.23 NT NT 0.15 NT NT NT NT 3/3/99 0.15 0.12 NT 0.14 NT NT 0.09 NT NT NT NT 4/7/99 0.69 <0,05 NT 0.11 NT NT 0.13 NT NT NT NT 5/13/99 0.44 0.08 NT 0.19 NT NT 0.09 NT NT NT NT 6/16/99 0.93 0.1 NT 0.32 NT NT 0.07 NT NT NT NT 7/27/99 nsf 0.09 NT 0.26 NT NT 0.17 NT NT NT NT 6/1/00 0.3 0.06 NT 0.26 NT NT 0.08 NT NT NT NT 9/25/01 NT 0.01 NT NT NT NT NT NT NT 0.03 0.03 12/6/01 NT ND ND NT NT NT NT ND NT ND 0.01 3/7/02 NT NT 0.29 NT NT NT NT <.05 NT 0,056 <,05

Nitrogen as Nitrate {mg/L]

7/27/99 NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT

6/1/00 NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT

9/25/01 NT 0.18 NT 0.18 NT 0.21 0.17 NT NT ND 0.19 12/6/01 NT ND ND ND NT 0.1 0.08 0.06 NT 0.07 ND 3/7/02 NT <.03 0.22 0.96 0.25 NT 0.088 NT NT 0.091 <.03

Total Nitrogen (mg/L)

7/27/99 NT NT NT NT NT 0,6 NT NT NT 2 NT

6/1/00 NT NT NT NT NT 0.8 NT NT NT 1.1 NT

9/25/01 NT 0.11 NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT 12/6/01 NT 0.4 ND NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT 3/7/02 NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT

Norfolk Ram Group, LLC S/Ram/462.1/Tables^Table4-2 TABLE 4-2e Quarkrty Wafer Sampling Results Sample Location

Aaron River Outlet of Outlet of Outlet of Outlet of Aaron River Reservoir Stream Aaron River Brass Kettle Lily Pond Peppermint Outlet of Aaron River Reservoir Aaron River Wast side from South at Aaron River Brook Shallow Lily Pond Brook Herring Brook near Doane Shallow Reservoir near HinQham Swamp In Reservoir Sample- at Lily Pond Samples Deep Samples at Lily Pond at Lily Pond Street Samples Deep Samples Annex Scituate in Hingham Date Location (M Location »2a Location 82b Location 83 Location 84 Location 95 Location #6a Location #6b Location 07 Location #8 Location #9

SDWA*13 Ktotalt (mg/L)

7/27/99 NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT

6/1/00 NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT

9/25/0 1 NT NT NT ND NT NT NT NT ND ND NT Cr-0.00345 12/6/01 NT NT Zn-O.00610 ND NT NT NT Zn-0.0166 ND ND NT

3/7/02 NO (5) NT ND ND (5) NT NT NT ND ND (5) ND (5) NT

FOOTNOTES. ND =Non (5) SDWA-5 metals Tested NT = Not nsf = no surface flow

Norfolk Ram Group, LLC S/Ram/462.1/Tablesn"able4-2 Figure 3 Surface Water Dissolved Oxygen Reference Data (1985 and 1998)

7/28/01 9/16/01 11/5/01 12/25/01 2/13/02 4/4/02 Time (Sampling Date) 1 ) Brass Kettle Brook - Lily Pond 2) Lily Pond - Shallow 2b.)Lily Pond -Deep 3) Peppermint Brook • Lily Pond Herring Brook • Lily Pond 5 ) Aaron River - Doane Street Aaron River Reservoir - Shallow 6b) Aaron River Reservoir - Deep Aaron River Reservior • West 8 ) Unnamed Stream • Aaron River Reservoir Aaron River • Aaron River Reservoir Class A Water Body Minimum Criteria y Pond - Shallow (COM, 6/7/85) 1 Lily Pond • Deep (COM, 6/7/S5) Brass Kettle Brook (COM, 6/7/85) Peppermint Brook - Lily Pond (COM. 6/7/85) Aaron River Reservoir (CDM 6/7/85) Peppermint Brook - Lily Pond (Army Corp, 5/7/98) Aaron River Doane Street (Army Corp. 5/7/98) Figure 4 Surface Water pH (1999) Reference Data (1985 and 1998)

0 11/1/98 12/21/98 2/9/99 3/31/99 5/20/99 7/9/99 8/28/99 Time (Sampling Date)

-*—1.) Brass Kettle Brook - Lily Pond -2.) Lily Pond -Shallow -X—3.) Peppermint Brook - Lily Pond -6 ) Aaron River Reservoir - Shallow Class A Water Body Criteria Upper Limit •Class A Water Body Criteria Lower Limit A Lily Pond • Shallow (COM, 6/7/85) Lily Pond • Deep (COM, 6/7/85) • Brass Kettle Brook (COM, 6/7/85) peppermint Brook - Lily Pond (COM, 6/7/85) — Aaron River • Doane Street (Army Corp. 5/7/98) Aaron River • Doane Street (COM. 6/7/85) Peppermint Brook • Lily Pond (Army Corp, 5/7/98)

NOTE: pH levels down to 5.6 are,not unusual in New England where acid rain falls on soils of granite origin which have poor buffering capacity. Figure 4a Surface Water pH (2000-2002)

9/6/01 9/26/01 10/16/01 11/5/01 11/25/01 12/15/01 1/4/02 1/24/02 2/13/02 3/5/02 3/25/02 Time {Sampling Date) 1.) Brass Kettle Brook - Lily Pond Lily Pond • Shallow 2b) Lily Pond • Deep Peppermint Brook - Lily Pond 4.) Herring Brook - Lily Pond . Aaron River • Doane Street 6.) Aaron River Reservoir - Shallow 6b) Aaron River Reservoir Deep 7.1 Aaron River Reservior - West 8 ) Unnamed Stream - Aaron River Reservoir 9.) Aaron River. Aaron River Reservoir Class A Water Body Criteria Upper Limit Water Body Criteria Lower Limit NOTE: pH levels down to 5.6 are not unusual in New England where acid rain falls on soils of granite origin which have poor buffering capacity. Figure 5 Surface Water Conductivity 350 Reference Data (1985 and 1998) 300

250

§ 200

*> 1150 c o o 100

7/28/01 9/16/01 11/5/01 12/25/01 2/13/02 4/4/02 Time (Sampling Date)

-•— 1 ) Brass Kettle Brook - Lily Pond 2.) Lily Pond • Shallow 2b.) Lily Pond - Deep 3 ) Peppermint Brook • Lily Pond -*— 4.) Herring Brook - Lily Pond 5 ) Aaron River - Doane Street —t—6.) Aaron River Reservoir - Shallow 6b.) Aaron River Reservoir - Deep —7.) Aaron River Reservior - West 8.) Unnamed Stream - Aaron River Reservoir -^—9.) Aaron River - Aaron River Reservoir Peppermint Brook - Lily Pond (Army Corp, 5/7/98) + Aaron River - Doane Street (Army Corp, 5/7/98) Figure 6 Surface Water Temperature

o -I 7/24/98 2/9/99 8/28/99 3/15/00 10/1/00 4/19/01 11/5/01 5/24/02 Time (Sampling Time) . _. _ -1.) Brass Kettle Brook - Lily Pond -2) Lily Pond - Shallow 2b.) Lily Pond - Deep -3.) Peppermint Brook - Lily Pond -4.) Herring Brook - Ltly Pond -5.) Aaron River • Doane Street •6.) Aaron River Reservoir • Shallow -6b.) Aaron River Reservoir - Deep -7.}Aaron River Reservior • West •8.) Unnamed Stream - Aaron River Reservoir •9.) Aaron River - Aaron River Reservoir Figure 7 Surface Water Turbidity 120

100

i-

20

0 -- 9/6/01 9/26/01 10/16/01 11/5/01 11/25/01 12/15/01 1/4/02 1/24/02 2/13/02 3/5/02 3/25/02 Time (Sampling Date)

-1.) Brass Kettle Brook . Lily Pond -2.) Lily Pond • Shallow 2b.) Lily Pond - Deep

-3.) Peppermint Brook • Lily Pond -4.) Herring Brook • Lily Pond —•—5.1 Aaron River • Doane Street

•6 > Aaron River Reservoir - Shallow -6b ) Aaron River Reservoir - Deep -7.) Aaron River Reservior - West Allowed level after treatment at plant •8.) Unnamed Stream - Aaron River Reservoir -9 ) Aaron River • Aaron River Reservoir Figure 8 ..Surface Water Alkalinity

7/28/01 9/16/01 11/5/01 12/25/01 2/13/02 4/4/02 Time (Sampling Date)

*—1) Brass Kettle Brook • Lily Pond —•—2.) Lily Pond • Shallow 2b)Lily Pond - Deep —X-- 3 ) Peppermint Brook • Lily Pond *— 4.) Herring Brook - Lily Pond —h—6.) Aaron River Reservoir - Shallow —6b.) Aaron River Reservoir • Deep —•—8.) Unnamed Stream - Aaron River Reservoir •—9 ) Aaron River - Aaron River Reservoir -•—Lily Pond - Shallow (COM 6/7/85) •—Lily Pond - Deep(CQM 6/7/85) Brass Kettle Brook - Lily Pond (COM 6/7/85) »- Peppermint Brook • Lily Pond (COM 6/7/85) Aaron River Reservoir (COM 6/7/85) Figure 9

70 -i

o T5 "c V a c o O Q O O

9/5/01 9/26/01 10/16/01 11/5/01 11/25/01 12/15/01 1/4/02 1/24/02 2/13/02 3/5/02 3/25/02 Time (Sampling Date)

-1 ) Brass Kettle Brook Lily Pond -2) Lily Pond -Shallow -3 ) Peppermint Scot* - lily Pond •4 ) Herring Brook • Lily Pond -5) Aaron River - Doane Street -5.) Aaron River Reservoir - Shallow -7.) Aaron River Reservior -West -8 ) Unnamed Stream - Aaron River Reservoir -9 ) Aaron River • Aaron River Reservoir Figure 10 Surface Water Chloride 120 Reference Data Points (1985 and 1998) 100

7/28/01 9/16/01 11/5/01 12/25/01 2/13/02 4/4/02 Time (Sampling Date)

—•— 1.) Brass Kettle Brook - Lily Pond Hi—2.) Lily Pond - Shallow 2t>.) Uly Pond - Deep K 3.) Peppermint Brook - Lily Pond •H—6.) Aaron River Reservoir-Shallow ——6b.) Aaron River Reservoir-Deep —*— 8.) Unnamed Stream - Aaron River Reservoir -»—9.) Aaron River - Aaron River Reservoir X LHy Pond • Shallow (CDM. 6/7/35)

• Lily Pond - Deep (COM. 6/7/85) - Brass Kettle Brook (CDM. 6/7/B5) 3t Peppermint Brook - Lily Pond (COM, 6/7/85} X Aaron River - Doane Street (CDM, 6/7/35) f> Peppermint Brook (Army Corp, 5/7/98} Aaron River - Doane Street (Army Corp, 5/7/98) The Massachusetts Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level (SMCL) for chloride is 250 mg/L. Figure 11 Surface Water Fecal Coliform Counts JV Reference Data Points 00 fl 9981 1 V 50 - oo \

"iO - \

00 - \ \

X n W • • 7/2f /Ol 9/16/01 11/5/01 12/25/01 2/13/02 4/4/02 Time (Sampling Date) y Pond - Deep • M1 ••• 3 ) Peppermint Brook - Uly Pond —• — 5.)Aa on River • Doane Street — * — 8.) Unnamed Stream - Aaron River Reservoir —• — 9.)Aa on River - Aaron River Reservoir ~ • " • • -Clsss A Wster body Maximum Oritens • Peppermint Brook - Lily Pond (Army Corp, 5/7/98)* X Aaron River - Doane Street (Army Corp, 5/7/98) "Standard for Class A waters "shall not exceed an arithmetic mean of 20 organisms per 100 ml in any representative sample, nor shall 10% of the samples exceed 100 organisms per 100 ml'. Figure 12 Surface Water Orthophosphate \J.W

vy.un n^o I 5 nn/L )ncentrat i 3 < D ( i o • j

ffi ji Q. Son?- 9 Q. i0 0 n m -

-*— --^~^ ^

• T= r — i— ' 1 — i ^ r i 9/1 E /Ol 9/26/01 10/6/01 10/16/01 10/26/01 11/5/01 11/15/01 11/25/01 12/5/01 12/15/01 Time (Sampling Date)

— • £u.-u )....-,,1- Lily ronci ' uss, p ----,. LOW LnrjjMtir-o OT i^stursi uonc.D rong c rorAtk^Ukt urinopnospnaT*e High End of Natural Cone. Range for Orthophosphate* All other sample locations = 0 ppm

"From Dunne and Leopold, 1978 Figure 13 Surface Water Total Phosphorus

12/1/96 6/19/97 1/5/98 7/24/98 2/9/99 8/28/99 3/15/00 10/1/00 4/19/01 11/5/01 5/24/02 12/10/02 Time (Sampling Date) -1.) Brass Kettle Brook - Lily Pond -2.) Lily Pond • Shallow -3.) Peppermint Brook - Lily Pond •6.) Aaron River Reservoir - Shallow •8.) Unnamed Stream • Aaron River Reservoir -9 ) Aaron River - Aaron River Reservoir Lily Pond • Shallow (CDM 6/7/85) Lily Pond - Deep (CDM 6/7/85) Brass Kettle Brook - Lily Pond (CDM 6/7/85) Peppermint Brook - Lily Pond (CDM 6/7/85) Aaron River Reservoir (CDM 6/7/85) Recommended Maximum Cone. (mg/L) in Lakes/Reservoirs"

* Recommended concentration for lakes/reservoirs to control algal growth, from EPA water quality criteria 1986. The comparable EPA recommended concentration for streams that discharge into lakes and reservoirs is 0.05 mg/L Also, the reported average concentration for euthrophic lakes is 0.084 mg/L (Vollenweider & Kerekes, 1980) Figure 14 Surface Water Total Keldahl Nitrogen

Reference Data Points (19851

0 6/19/97 1/5/98 7/24/98 2/9/99 8/28/99 3/15/00 10/1/00 4/19/01 11/5/01 5/24/02 Time (Sampling Date) -1.) Brass Kettle Brook • Lily Pond 2.) Lily Pond - Shallow 2b.) Lily Pond - Deep 3.) Peppermint Brook - Lily Pond -4.) Herring Brook • Lily Pond 5.) Aaron River - Doane Street -6.) Aaron River Reservoir • Shallow 6b.) Aaron River Reservoir • Deep -7.) Aaron River Reservior • West 8.) Unnamed Stream - Aaron River Reservoir •9.) Aaron River - Aaron River Reservoir Lily Pond - Shallow (COM 6/7/S5) Lily Pond - Deep (COM 6/7/85) Liiy Pond - Shallow (COM 6/7/85) Peppermint Brook - Lily Pond (COM 6/7/85) Aaron River Reservoir (CDM 6/7/85) - Mean Concentration (mg/L) Associated with Eutrophi cat ion*

* From Vollenweider & Kerekes, 1930 Mean concentrations for oligotrophic and mesotrophic given as 0.66 and 0 75 mg/L, respectively. I

Army Corps report, (noted in the section above). It is important to note that each I sampling event is a "snapshot" of the conditions at each sampling point and that the results of each sampling event must be interpreted in context of the natural characteristics of the water body, normal seasonal fluctuations, and temporary sampling I conditions in order to see the larger "moving picture" that more accurately describes the surface water quality.

1 The results of the analysis of the water quality parameters listed in Table 4-2 indicate that most parameters are in "normal" ranges for each of the sample locations. There were some deviations from the "normal" trend line noted for certain parameters in I samples collected from the outlet of Peppermint Brook (Sample #3) and at the outlet of the Aaron River (Sample #9). Deviations were found for alkalinity, chlorides, I conductivity and nitrate in samples collected from the outlet of Peppermint Brook into Lily Pond. Deviations were found for pH and turbidity at the outlet of the Aaron River into the Aaron River Reservoir. These two sample locations are very close to roads that I have no stormwater control devices. Most of these deviations in the short-term sampling can be attributed road salt runoff. 1 The analytical results confirm that uncontrolled stormwater runoff from roads have a significant impact on contaminant loading to the surface water supplies, and that action I needs to be taken to control this source of contamination. RECOMMENDATION 4.1 Stormwater Best Management Practice (BMP) controls should be implemented at roads within the Zone A of the Watershed. Also, the water I quality parameters with deviations from normal found at the aforementioned locations should be closely observed over the next few quarterly sampling rounds to determine if these deviations in water quality are indicative of long-term problematic water quality I issues or merely seasonal fluctuations. I 4.3 Proposed Long-Term Sampling Plan

I 4.3.1 Surface Water

In order to provide a good indication of the success of the Watershed protection efforts I and to monitor known contaminants of concern and progression in the trophic state of Lily Pond, a Long-Term Sampling Plan is proposed as indicated in Table 4-3. The Long-Term Sampling Plan also takes into consideration sampling that will be required I under new upcoming regulations that will impact the water treatment plant.

I RECOMMENDATION 4.2 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should implement this proposed Long-Term Sampling Plan for a period of at least three years I to observe the seasonal variations in contaminant concentrations. I I 4-4 TABLE 4-3 LONG-TERM SAMPLING PLAN LOCATIONS AND PARAMETERS SURFACE WATER SUPPLY PROTECTION PLAN FOR LILY POND & AARON RIVER RESERVOIR 99-04 SWT/ SURFACE WATER PROTECTION GRANT

Sampling Parameters

w> ra VI ra QJ 4-1 O) ro S T— in •4-J 'c y> U1 0) Locatio Sampling ro TO o Rationale for CO Q o> Q O O o o O x

Feca l confor m sampling n NO. Location > t/i Q. 1— Tota l pnosphoru s Chlorides/Sodiu m \— Nitrat e Q Q. conductivit y TurDidit v Temperatur e Outlet of Brass Kettle Prior Releases, 1. X X x X x X X x X X Brook at Lily pond Landfills Lily Pond -Shallow 23. X X X X x X X X X x X X water Supply samples

2b. Lily pond -Deep Samples X X X X X x X X X X X X X X x X X water supply Peppermint Brook outlet septic, 3. X X X x X X X X X x X X at Illy Pond Stormwater Herring Brook Outlet 3t inlet from 4. X X X X X X X Lily Pond Reservoir Aaron River near Dosne septic, 5. X X X X X X X x X X Street crossing Stormwater Aaron River Reservoir - 6a. X X X X X X X x X X water Supply Shallow Samples Aaron River Reservoir - 6b. X X X X x X X X X X X x X X wster Supply Deep samples Aaron River Reservoir- Known Release 7. west side near Hlngham X X X X X X X Site Outlet of stream from Septic, X X X x X X X X X X X X X 8. South swamp In Scituate Stormwater Outlet of Aaron River into Septic, X X x X X X X X X X X X 9. Reservoir In Hlngham Stormwater East Side of Aaron River Septic, X X x X X X X X X 10. Reservoir Stormwater Brass Kettle Brook near Prior Releases, X X X x X X X X X X X X 11. Howes Road Landfills

Total Number of Samples 3 3 4 1 13 2 7 8 10 2 10 3 10 4 13 13 13 13 13

Norfolk Ram croup, LLC S/Ram/462.i/Tables/Tabie4-3.xls I As of the publishing of this report the Quarterly Sampling Plan includes the eleven I surface water-sampling points as shown on Map 1b. These surface water sampling points include the nine short-term sample locations (Sample #1 through Sample #9) and two addition sampling points (Sample #10 and Sample #11) which were added to the list I after public comment of the draft review. This plan may continue to be modified as I areas of concern are either added or eliminated over time. Lily Pond and the Aaron River Reservoir have a number of surface water tributaries that can carry contaminants of concern from well beyond the immediate area of these water I bodies. Each of the tributaries may be impacted by land use, stormwater runoff, or the release of hazardous material into the environment nearby.

I RECOMMENDATION 4.3 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners Sampling at the surface water locations shown in Map 1b should be performed on a quarterly basis, and each location should be sampled for the parameters recommended in the long-term I sampling plan summary Table 4-3. I 4.3.2 Groundwater- Bedrock Pathways I Much of the historic water quality data that exists for the Watershed has been collected between Lily Pond and the Cohasset Heights Landfill site. A 1998 study by Norfolk Environmental evaluated this data and the potential for contamination of the watershed I by CHL landfill. The 1998 Norfolk study found that groundwater transport is a viable potential threat to the Watershed since significant water bearing bedrock fractures were found to exist that could channel contaminants from the Landfill to Brass Kettle Brook I and into Lily Pond. For this reason, three deep bedrock wells were installed to intercept the water bearing bedrock fractures, and quarterly monitoring was initiated for volatile organic compounds, chemical oxygen demand, chloride, and the five "landfill" metals I (antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and lead). To date, testing of these bedrock wells has not detected contaminant migration through bedrock fractures, although there have been some isolated dections of contaminents. Total antimony was detected in I MW-4 at a concentration of 0.0094 milligrams per liter (mg/L) for the third quarter sampling event. This concentration exceeds the MMCL for total antimony of 0.006 mg/L. The total antimony concentration for the fourth quarter 2001 and first quarter I 2002 sampling events, however, were below the laboratory PQL, and hence the MMCL. This suggests the detection of total antimony during the third quarter event may be related to the extreme climate conditions experienced by the northeast during the period I leading up to the third quarter sampling event. Often, heretofore undetected contaminants show up in groundwater samples during periods of low recharge from I precipitation. This may be a result of a reduction in the dilution of the contaminant, a change in the nature of the groundwater chemistry, or a shift in the preferential travel pathway of the contaminant. Once climatic conditions shift towards normal, the "new" I contaminant is no longer detected, as occurred for total antimony during the fourth quarter 2001 sampling event. While the lack of detection of total antimony for the fourth I quarter 2001 suggests a "one-time" occurrence, it is important to closely watch this I 4-5 I

contaminant since, according to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), antimony I potentially causes health effects, such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea when people are exposed to it at levels above the MMCL for relatively short periods of time. EPA requires public water systems where antimony is consistently detected above the I MMCL to remove the contaminant using suitable treatment technologies. I The concentration of total dissolved solids (IDS) detected at MW-4 for the third quarter sampling event (690 mg/L) exceeded the SMCL of 500 mg/L. IDS can be an indicator of pollutant impacts to groundwater since excessive TDS concentrations can be I attributed to heavy contaminant loading. The TDS concentration for the fourth quarter 2001 and first quarter 2002 sampling events, however, dropped well below the SMCL to 94 mg/L, suggesting the third quarter result may be associated with the low recharge I from precipitation. The concentrations of sulfate detected during the fourth quarter 2001 sampling event in I all three wells exceeded the SMCL for drinking water and were at least two orders of magnitude greater than previously detected. The detected concentrations of sulfate in MW-1 (1,900 mg/L), MW-3 (1,800 mg/L) and MW-4 (5,700 mg/L) significantly exceeded I the SMCL standard of 250 mg/L. For the first quarter 2002, the sulfate concentrations in all three wells dropped below the SMCL. The cause of the increased sulfate concentrations for the fourth quarter 2001 sampling event is not currently known. I According to the EPA, health concerns such as diarrhea may be associated with the ingestion of water containing high concentrations of sulfate. As with total antimony, it is important to closely watch this contaminant over time to determine if the fourth quarter I 2001 increases indicate a shift upward in the trend of sulfate concentrations in the wells.

However, these should continue to be monitored quarterly at least for the next two (2) I years. These three (3) groundwater-sampling locations are also shown on Map 1b. I I I I I I I I 4-6 I I 5.0 LAND USE CONTROLS The control of existing and potential future land use within the Watershed is one of the most effective methods to ensure the long-term viability and usefulness of Lily Pond and I the Aaron River Reservoir as surface water supplies. This section reviews land use controls that are in place, and recommends measures that should be developed for the I long-term prevention and control of existing and potential sources of contamination within the Watershed. Map 2, Appendix A illustrates the various types of land use controls and the areas within the Watershed where they exist, and these controls are I discussed in detail below. I 5.1 Land Purchase or Deed Restriction The Cohasset Water Department has been actively pursuing a policy of protecting the surface water supply by land purchase or deed restriction. These acquisitions include I taking land by eminent domain illustrated by a plot of land near the outlet of the Aaron River Reservoir and Beechwood Street acquired in July 2001. In addition, the Cohasset Water Commission has preliminarily evaluated all lots of developable land in Cohasset I within the Zone A (and parcels abutting Zone A parcels) with the intent of purchasing some of these properties over the next 3-5 years. The purchase of (or protection through establishing conservation deed restrictions) strategically important properties I will aid in the protection of the surface water supply. Figure 15 below illustrates the I extent of these parcels evaluated by the Cohasset Water Commission. RECOMMENDATION 5.1 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should further evaluate (as to feasibility and priority) the developable land parcels located within the I Zone A areas (including developable parcels that abut parcels in Zone A); and then pursue acquisition for open space, or restrictions for such parcels. The priority for plan years one through three should be parcels in Zone A along Lily Pond, Aaron River I Reservoir and tributaries thereto; priority for plan years four through six should be parcels that abut parcels in the Zone A (for the pond, reservoir and tributaries); and priority for years seven through ten should be Zone B parcels closest to Zone A areas. I The Commissioners should work cooperatively with existing town boards such as the Open Space Committee and the Community Preservation Committee to share I resources and information regarding land acquisition priorities.

The Town of Cohasset owns land to the immediate north and northwest of Lily Pond. I The protection afforded by the deed restrictions for these properties designated Open Space is unknown. Also, the Assessor's records indicate certain substantial tracts of I land that are classified as undevelopable (see Map 3) and many of these are located within the Zone A or Zone B areas of the Watershed. I I I 5-1 I I RECOMMENDATION 5.2 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should investigate the deeds to town-owned land to the immediate north and northwest of Lily Pond, and if necessary strengthen the protections to maximize surface water supply I protection. I RECOMMENDATION 5.3 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should consider parcels presently recorded as undevelopable within the Zone A for possible Town Open Space acquisition or for securing protective conservation deed restrictions I (see Map 3). The priority for plan years one through three should be parcels in Zone A along Lily Pond, Aaron River Reservoir and tributaries thereto; priority for plan years four through six should be parcels that abut parcels in the Zone A (for the pond, I reservoir and tributaries); and priority for years seven through ten should be Zone B parcels closest to Zone A areas.

I In addition, there are numerous parcels located within or abutting the Zone A of Lily I Pond where the Assessor's records indicate unknown ownership (see Map 4). RECOMMENDATION 5.4 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should evaluate the possibility of acquiring parcels located within or abutting the Zone A of Lily I Pond where the Assessor's records indicate unknown ownership, (see Map 4). The priority for plan years one through three should be parcels in Zone A along Lily Pond, Aaron River Reservoir and tributaries thereto; priority for plan years four through six I should be parcels that abut parcels in the Zone A (for the pond, reservoir and tributaries); and priority for years seven through ten should be Zone B parcels closest to I Zone A areas. . The Town of Scituate has taken steps to purchase some parcels of land within the I Watershed to preserve as Open Space. One such parcel is the former Clapp Landfill. I 5.2 ACECs and Protected Open Spaces Areas of Critical Environmental Concern (ACECs) are places in Massachusetts that I receive special recognition because of the quality, uniqueness, and significance of their natural and cultural resources. These areas are identified and nominated at the community level, and reviewed and designated by the state's Secretary of I Environmental Affairs. The ACEC designation creates a framework for local and regional stewardship of these resources. I As shown on Map 2, Appendix A none of the land within the Watershed is designated ACEC. The South Swamp tributary and associated wetland system located north of Clapp Road in Scituate, as well as the unique habitat and resource value of the South I Swamp located south of Clapp Road and partly in the Watershed, are excellent I 1 5-2 I Figure 15 - Developable Parcels Located in (or abutting) Zone A I /'••\ I I I I I I I I I I I I

m Developable or Potentially Developable I Land in (or abufhns) Zone A CIZ1 Coliassct Asscs?oi Paicel Zone A - Suif ace Water Protecnoii Area I Siuface Hydrography I Strenms and Brooks Wonipfitnck State PnrU I Zone C - Watershed Boundary NORFOLK I RAM GROU? 1

candidates for ACEC status. Preliminary discussions about this possibility have recently 1 been initiated by the residents of Scituate.

1 RECOMMENDATION 5.5 The Watershed communities should identify potential areas within the Watershed to nominate for ACEC status such as the South Swamp tributary and associated wetland system watershed located north of Clapp Road in Scituate, as 1 well as the unique habitat and resource value of the South Swamp located south of Clapp Road and partly in the Watershed.

Cohasset. Rouqhlv one-half of Cohasset's land within the Watershed is designated 1 Open Space, which is protected by conservation restrictions, perpetuity, or other land- use restrictions. Land within the Wompatuck State Park is owned and operated by the Massachusetts DEM, and consists of 2,400 acres west and southwest of Lily Pond and 1 the Aaron River Reservoir. This land is protected in perpetuity as Open Space. The Trustee of Reservations owns Thayer and Whitney Woods, which consists of approximately 950 acres north and northwest of Lily Pond and is protected in perpetuity 1 and/or by conservation restriction as Open Space. The Barbara Churchill Conservation Area, located just north of Bound Brook, the Campbell Meadow, located northeast of Lily Pond, and the Andrus property located east of Lily Pond are also protected in 1 perpetuity as Open Space. Other parcels of land such as the Charlie Pape Reservation located northwest of Lily Pond, and land abutting the northwest side of Lily Pond owned by the Water Department are designated as Open Space, but are not protected in 1 perpetuity. Hinqham. Ninety-eight percent of the Hingham land within the Watershed is 1 designated as Open Space protected in perpetuity as Wompatuck State Park and Trustee of Reservations land. The only Hingham land within the Watershed not 1 protected as Open Space consists of developed residential land northwest of Lily Pond. Norwell. Approximately 85 acres of Norwell land within the Watershed is designated Open Space and protected in perpetuity or by conservation restrictions. The Norwell 1 Aquifer Protection District overlays a large percentage (90%) of Norwell land within the 1 Watershed. 1 5.3 Land Use and Activity Controls 5.3.1 Septic Systems 1 The Town of Cohasset has recently implemented a plan for upgrading and improving private septic systems within the Watershed. The Comprehensive On-Site Wastewater Management Plan prepared by the Cohasset Board of Health is a voluntary plan that 1 Cohasset citizens may join to receive town-managed services for their residential septic systems if they pass a Title 5 Inspection. The management plan offers 20-year loans to 1 homeowners to repair/upgrade their septic systems should they fail at some future date. 1 5-3 I Other services to members include Title 5 Inspections, annual evaluations, tank I pumping (typically, every three years), maintenance, repair, and upgrades.

Cohasset also offers "Septicredits" for residents who have land that could be used as a I resource for treatment of sanitary wastewater from other properties requiring repair or upgrade. Owners of this land would receive credits and/or cash payments for the use of I their land in this manner. The Norwell Board of health has identified the entire town as nitrogen sensitive as I defined in 310 CMR 15, primarily because of the large number of private wells in the town. This program will help to reduce septic system density for new construction

I RECOMMENDATION 5.6 The towns of Cohasset, Norwell and Scituate should evaluate all older septic systems (installed prior to 1978) within 200 feet of the surface water supply to determine if they are properly functioning in accordance with 310 CMR I 15.303(2). Where it is determined that septic systems fail to protect the public health and safety and the environment, the towns should require that the systems be upgraded to meet current Title 5 Standards. Cohasset should consider modifying their Storm I Water Management Plan to include funding these actions through the Septicredit I program. I 5.3.2 Stormwater Runoff No-Salt Zones. I Roadside snow pack has been documented as a major contributor of pollutants that are bound up with the snow from airborne and roadway deposition. Pollutants migrating into Peppermint Brook from roadside runoff are carried a relatively short distance and I discharged into Lily Pond near the intake of the water treatment plant. Pollutants from Peppermint Brook pose a significant threat to the surface water supply due to the I proximity of the water treatment plant to the discharge of Peppermint Brook. RECOMMENDATION 5.7 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should I request that the MHD designate the area along Route 3A where it is tributary to I Peppermint Brook a no-salt zone. RECOMMENDATION 5.8 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should file a I Notice of Intent with the Town of Norwell Conservation Commission to designate Mt. Blue Street and Mount Hope Street within the Zone B near Bound Brook Pond no-salt I zones. I I 5-4 I

Stormwater drainage systems within the Watershed in the Town of Cohasset are largely I unmapped. Cohasset has begun efforts to locate and identify catch basins and Stormwater discharge points. In particular, sudden roadside releases caused by vehicular accidents pose a significant threat to Peppermint Brook along sections ,of I Route 3A. The Town of Cohasset Planning Department has submitted an application to the DEP for a Watershed Improvement Grant. The grant money as well as matching I funds from the town would be put towards a town-wide mapping effort to located and describe the storm water drainage system in Cohasset. The Stormwater mapping project would serve as a critical component in analyzing the Watershed, identifying non- I point sources of contamination within the Watershed, and provide sustainable protection of the surface water supply into the future.

I RECOMMENDATION 5.9 Continued joint efforts between the Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners, Board of Health, DPW, and Planning Board to accomplish Stormwater drainage system mapping on a town-wide basis should be pursued. A town-wide CIS, I which would include storm drain system mapping, requires the participation of many town departments to ensure that relevant data remains accurate and up to date once initial mapping is completed. If funds are limited, mapping Zone A and Zone B areas I and threatened coastal and wetland areas should be pursued as an immediate priority

I RECOMMENDATION 5.10 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should evaluate the feasibility of installing Stormwater treatment systems along Route 3A where it comes in close proximity to Peppermint Brook and along King Street where drainage I is tributary to Lily Pond and especially within the Zone A. Following the feasibility study, treatment systems should be designed and constructed to capture roadway spills, oil I and other petroleum products to prevent their discharge into Peppermint Brook.

I 5.4 Municipal Land Use Improvements Municipal activities that could have an impact on surface water sources include road I salt use and storage, chemical use and storage, composting or recycling facilities, sites of permanent or one-day household hazardous waste collection events, motor oil collection centers, underground storage tanks, gasoline pumps, vehicle repair I operations, public recreation areas, and on-site septic systems. I RECOMMENDATION 5.11 The Watershed communities should periodically review municipal land uses in the Watershed to ensure that any activities that have the potential to adversely impact the surface water supply are identified and addressed as I necessary through site improvements and/or facility management plans. I I I 5-5 1

1 5.4.1 Water Treatment Plant Improvements

Off-site Disoosal of Wastewater and Sludge. 1 The water treatment plant currently disposes of its sanitary wastewater by pumping to the new sewer on King Street. However, dried sludge from two-water treatment plant settling lagoons is currently stored on-site in a drying bed. Lead and arsenic have been 1 detected in recent samples collected from both lagoons and the drying bed. This is likely due to concentrating naturally occurring lead and arsenic through the filtration 1 process. RECOMMENDATION 5.12 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should 1 evaluate the potential for off-site disposal of the sludge pursuant to 310 CMR 32.00, the 1 Land Application of Sludge and Septage regulation. 5.5 Lawn Management 1 The proximity of Beechwood Cemetery and Beechwood Park to the Zone A along the Aaron River raises the concern that pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers used to treat 1 the landscaped areas might enter into the surface water supply. Cohasset and all watershed communities should initiate a Lawn Care Management Program aimed at informing homeowners, lawn care specialists, landscape design 1 professionals, and others involved in lawn care of the detrimental effects of the "perfect lawn" paradigm. The goal of this program should be to reduce the overall loading of 1 nutrients, pesticides and herbicides in the Watershed. RECOMMENDATION 5.13 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners in partnership with Boards of Health in the Watershed communities should develop and 1 implement a Lawn Care Management Program for all areas within the Zone A and all town-owned properties. The plan should define areas where the application of lawn 1 care chemicals is prohibited such as within 200 feet of the surface water supply or tributaries, and establish recommended application procedures and frequencies for 1 areas within the Zone B.

Also, Article XIII, Section 4(c) of the Cohasset General Bylaws requires that commercial lawn care companies notify the Cohasset Board of Health seven (7) days prior to applications within the Water Resource District (WRD). However, enforcement of this bylaw is reported to be lacking due to insufficient staffing and funding. Implementation 1 of this bylaw would provide the town with: 1). information on the amounts of pesticides and herbicides being applied within the WRD; and 2). provide opportunity to communicate with, and educate commercial contractors regarding town WRD policies 1 (e.g., Lawn Care Management Program, if developed). 1 1 5-6 I I RECOMMENDATION 5.14 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should work on partnership with the Board of health to properly fund and implement the existing bylaw Article XIII Section (c) that applies to Commercial Lawn Care notifications prior to I pesticide/herbicide applications in the WRD.

I 5.6 Management Plan I RECOMMENDATION 5.15 A written management plan should be developed for town- owned land within the Watershed. This management plan should include regular inspections to look for unauthorized activity, illegal dumping, obstructions to stream I flow, missing signs, and other maintenance needs. I I I I I I I I I I I I I 5-7 I I 6.0 PUBLIC ACCESS/ RECREATION CONTROL 6.1 Public Access to Water Supply Areas

I The public has very limited access to Lily Pond due to the surrounding wetland and I forests. RECOMMENDATION 6.1 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should install a fence at Lily Pond near the water treatment plant to limit public access at that location, I and signs should be posted listing the recreational activities that are allowed and I prohibited. There is limited public access to the Aaron River Reservoir via Beechwood Street. A I chain link fence borders the property at the end of Beechwood Street but is currently in a state of disrepair. The Water Commission is reported to be proceeding with repairs to I fencing in this area. RECOMMENDATION 6.2 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should repair the fence to the Aaron River Reservoir via Beechwood Street, install a gate, and install I public accommodations (i.e. stairs and/or ramps). I 6.2 Recreation Control

I RECOMMENDATION 6.3 The Watershed communities should develop a walking trail around Aaron River Reservoir that would serve to define and control the specific areas the public can utilize. This walking trail should be set back from the edge of the I reservoir so as to provide a minimum 25-foot buffer zone. Trash containers placed at I strategic locations along the trail would help control trash in the area. I 6.3 Wildlife Management 6.3.1 Canadian Geese I The presence of Canadian geese is a common problem associated with many water bodies. A sizeable population of geese can significantly add to the nutrient loading. The town is currently considering methods of controlling the geese population in the Lily I Pond area. I I I 6-1 I I RECOMMENDATION 6.4 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should take steps to discourage geese and other nuisance wildlife from roosting near Lily Pond. One method gaining in popularity is to employ the use of dogs such as the Border I Collie. These animals tirelessly pursue geese on the ground and provide a harmless I threat that discourages the geese from setting up roost. 6.4 In-Lake Management

I The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners is very concerned about the state of eutrophication of Lily Pond and has already taken positive steps to reduce the nutrient loading. The nutrient loading in the Aaron River Reservoir is also high. Therefore, the I following steps should be taken to further protect the Pond and Reservoir, and minimize I the potential for further eutrophication. 6.4.1 Limnology Study of the Pond and Reservoir I As discussed above, the trophic state of both Lily Pond and the Aaron River Reservoir is eutrophic to hyper-eutrophic. This information is based upon limited sampling and analysis results and doesn't take into account seasonal fluctuations in nutrient levels. I Cohasset was recently awarded a $25,000 state grant by the DEM as part of the 2002 Lake and Pond Grant Program to conduct a more comprehensive limnology and water's edge study of Lily Pond that will include both a diagnostic and feasibility evaluation. The I study should include an assessment of the trophic state of Lily Pond and the Aaron River Reservoir based upon the seasonal measurements of chemical constituents. The analytical results should be compared to literature values and past results to develop a I thorough understanding of the 1) trophic state of the water bodies as a function of time, and 2) the major nutrient input sources. I A component of the study should be to gain some understanding of the relationship between the makeup of the water's edge and overland flow as it contributes to nutrient I loading. RECOMMENDATION 6.5. The Town of Cohasset should conduct a limnology and I water's edge study of Lily Pond and Aaron River Reservoir to include both a diagnostic and feasibility evaluation. An assessment of the trophic state of both the pond and the reservoir based upon the seasonal measurement of chemical constituents, and the I relationship between the makeup of the water's edge and nutrient loading should be I components of the study. 6.4.2 Annual Eutrophication Assessment

I The proposed long-term sampling plan previously discussed can provide a year-round I picture of the effects of nutrient loading on the Pond. This information would be I 6-2 I

valuable to the Town to assist them in take preventative or remedial measures that will I maintain the viability of the Pond as a surface water supply. Such measures may include aquatic flora reduction, control of stormwater runoff, sewer system expansion I and/or stricter septic system regulations. RECOMMENDATION 6.6 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should I implement the long-term sampling plan to monitor nutrient concentrations in Liiy Pond and Aaron River Reservoir and all tributaries. The sampling results should be assessed by an experienced limnologist to update the Town on the state of eutrophication of Lily I Pond and Aaron River Reservoir. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 6-3 I I 7.0 REGULATORY CONTROLS Local Regulations are an effective method for controlling existing and future potential sources of contamination within the Watershed. This section examines the Watershed I communities' existing local and state regulations relative to the protection of the Watershed, and recommends where they can be strengthened to provide greater I protection in the future. I 7.1 Current Local Water Resources Protection Regulations 7.1.1 Zoning By-laws I As shown on Map 2, the Watershed consists of several zoning districts including Open Space, Residential, Commercial, and Technology Business. Each town within the Watershed has their own zoning by-laws to regulate land use and control development I within these districts. Open Space. I State laws and local zoning by-laws restrict most development of Open Space areas. Most of the Open Space within the Watershed such as Wompatuck State Park and I Trustee of Reservations Land is protected in perpetuity. Other Open Space land within the Watershed is protected by "something other than time". Typically, only passive use of Open Space land is allowed, however, in some cases, other uses are allowed with a I Special Permit usually from the town's Zoning Board of Appeals. I RECOMMENDATION 7.1 The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should research the deeds for Open Space, which is protected by "something other than time" so that the degree of protection is understood, and if necessary strengthen the I protections to maximize surface water supply protection.

I Residential. Each town within the Watershed allows residential zoning. Residential districts basically allow single-family residences. Non-commercial agricultural land use is also allowed I within these districts.

Commercial/Technology Business. I The Town of Cohasset has commercial/technology business zoning within the Watershed allowing office buildings with commercial and/or technology business I operations. I I I 7-1 I

7.1.2 Water Resources Protection Districts

As shown on Figure 2, the Water Resources Protection Districts overlay a substantial area of the Watershed. These districts consist of the Cohasset Water Resource District, the Norwell Aquifer Protection District, and the Scituate Water Resource Protection District. Cohasset's Water Resource District (which is the primary protection district for the watershed) was first adopted in 1986 and updated in 2000 to conform to the most recent DEP regulations

These districts provide regulatory protection by prohibiting some land use known to have the potential to adversely effect surface water supplies, providing stricter regulations on discharges of pollutants to air or water, and restricting storage of oil or hazardous materials. The regulations of the Water Resources Protection Districts are in addition to municipal zoning regulations.

Reulatory Table 7-1 compares the protection provided by each of the town's Water Resources Protection Districts. Cohasset bylaws are designed to protect their surface water supply. Protection of the surface water supply as proposed in this SWSPP should be a component of Cohasset's master plan, and the Growth and Development Committee could prove a valuable asset in this effort. Note that current Norwell and Scituate bylaws are designed to protect their groundwater water supply resources. The Town of Hingham does not have any Water Resources Protection Districts within the Watershed.

RECOMMENDATION 7.2 Cohasset should include the protection of the surface water supply as a component of the town's master plan. The Growth and Development Committee has drafted a vision statement that reads in part "Prudent planning and careful management of the town's natural resources protect the quality and quantity of the town's waters - drinking water supply, streams, wetlands, and coastal waters." Moreover, water supply protection has emerged, via surveys and public meetings, as a key concern and top priority. The master plan must balance a variety of issues and priorities as expressed by various stakeholders during the process. The recommendations of the SWSPP should be considered very carefully along with other top community priorities. _ __

7-2 I

I TABLE 7-1 PROHIBITED USES IN WATER RESOURCES PROTECTION DISTRICTS SURFACE WATER SUPPLY PROTECTION PLAN FOR I LILY POND & AARON RIVER RESERVOIR I Cohasset Norwell Scituate Sanitary landfills X X X Salvage/Junk yards X X X ICommercial Car/Truck washes X X Road Salt/ De-icing material storage X X X IDumping of Snow from outside of District X X X Dry-cleaning establishments X X IMetal plating, finishing, or polishing X X Chemicaf or bacteriological laboratories X X ICommercial photographic processing X X Commercial printing, other than xerographic reproduction X X ISelf-service laundries, unless sewered X X Hotel or motel, unless sewered X X IAirplane, boat, motor vehicle service and repair/ auto body shops X X X Non-sanitary treatment/disposal works subject to 314 CMR 5.00 X X IRemoval of soil within four feet of the high groundwater elevation X X Installation of UST's (except septic systems) X X X ICabinet /Furniture-making establishments X Electronic circuit assembly X Dainting, wood preserving, and furniture stripping establishment X IMunicipal sewage treatment facilities with on-site disposal of X X X primary or secondary treatment effluent Storage and/or sale of petroleum or refined petroleum products, X x , X i except within the building for heating Outside storage of herbicides, pesticides, or fertilizer, in amounts X X i exceeding normal household or agricultural use Notes: i X = Land use prohibited by existing regulation i i i Norfolk Ram Group, LLC 7-2a S/Ram/462.1/Tables/Table 7-1.xls I I RECOMMENDATION 7.3 Cohasset should prohibit the following land uses within the Zone A of the Watershed: commercial car/truck washes; dry-cleaning establishments; I metal plating, finishing, or polishing; chemical or bacteriological laboratories; commercial photographic processing; commercial printing other than xerographic reproduction; self-service laundries unless sewered; hotels or motels unless sewered; I cabinet/furniture making establishments; painting, wood preserving, and furniture stripping establishments; and electronic circuit assembly facilities. The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should enlist the support of the Zoning Advisory Committee, I which is a sub-committee of the Planning Board when proposing future zoning changes. I RECOMMENDATION 7.4 Norwell should prohibit the following land uses within the Zone A of the Watershed: cabinet/furniture making establishments; painting, wood preserving, and furniture stripping establishments; electronic circuit assembly facilities; I and outside storage of herbicides, pesticides, or fertilizer in amounts exceeding normal I household or agricultural use. RECOMMENDATION 7.5 Scituate should prohibit the following land uses within the Zone A of the Watershed: non-sanitary treatment/disposal works subject to 314 CMR I 5.00; and the removal of soil within four feet of the high groundwater elevation.

I 7.1.3 Conservation Commission Bylaws

Cohasset's Wetlands Bviaw. I The Town of Cohasset's wetlands bylaw is summarized below. I Cohasset has adopted a General By-law for wetlands protection (Article XIV). This by- law prohibits any discharge from a landfill into the Watershed. Additional protective I measures include erosion and sedimentation control. The Cohasset Conservation Commission has adopted wetlands regulations that provide guidance for activities in the 100-foot buffer zone, and generally require a 50-foot buffer I strip be maintained between all non-water dependent projects and the resource area. The goal of the regulations is to maintain a dense, continuous, woody vegetative cover within the buffer strip to provide wildlife habitat, improve water recharge, reduce I pollution, reduce erosion, and maintain aesthetic appeal. Activities within the buffer strip are generally limited to light pruning I Norwell's Wetlands Bylaw. I The Town of Norwell's wetlands bylaw, titled Article XVI-A is summarized below. I I 7-3 I Buffer Zone. I The prime concern of the Commission in the buffer zone is the ultimate impact on adjacent wetland resource of the construction and the use phases of the proposed activity. The goal of the Commission is to maintain a dense habitat, improve water I recharge, reduce pollution, and reduce erosion. Work within the buffer zone may qualify for a Request for Determination rather than filing of a Notice of Intent.

I Fifty Foot fSO'l Buffer Strip Regulation. No activity or alteration shall be permitted within a fifty foot (50') buffer strip between I any proposed site disturbance and a bordering vegetated wetland as defined in Chapter 131, Sec. 40 or isolated vegetated wetland defined as any area where surface or ground water, is at or near the surface of the ground and greater than five hundred I square feet which supports a plant community (cover) comprised of 50 percent or greater of wetlands species, or which in the judgment of the Commission supports I significant community of wetland vegetation. Prohibited activities include, but are not limited to, new construction (with the exception of water dependant structures approved by the Commission) of buildings, sheds, I driveways, and alterations to existing structures; or activities resulting in the removal, filling or altering of land within the buffer zone adjacent to a bordering vegetated wetland I or isolated wetland, as defined by this bylaw regulation. This regulation shall not be construed to preclude maintenance of an already existing I structure within the fifty foot (50') buffer strip. The Norwell Conservation Commission may allow the prohibited activities when the applicant makes a clear and convincing showing that the proposed work or its natural I and consequential impacts and effects will not adversely affect the wetlands.

Scituate's Wetlands Bvlaw. I The Town of Scituate's wetlands bylaw, titled Section 30770 - Wetlands Protection Rules and Regulations is summarized below.

I The regulations set forth by the Scituate Wetland Regulations (SWR 10.00 - 10.99) are intended to enhance wetlands protection and to provide uniformity to the procedural I requirements outlined in the bylaw for work in or near wetlands. These regulations parallel the State Wetland Regulations 310 CMR 10.00, but provide I more stringent control where it has been deemed appropriate to adequately protect wetland resource areas within Scituate. I The interests protected under the bylaw are as follows: • Protection of public and private water supply; I • Protection of groundwater; I • Flood control; I 7-4 I • Storm damage prevention; I • Prevention of pollution; • Protection of fisheries; • Protection of shellfish; and I • Protection of wildlife habitat. I 7.1.4 Activities Requiring Special Permits The Town of Cohasset requires a Special Permit for the following: I • Rendering impervious more than 40% of a lot area within the Water Resource District. All stormwater runoff from impervious surfaces must be recharged on-site via subsurface infiltration through vegetative surfaces, I unless infeasible (due to site conditions) or undesirable (due to pollution risks); I • On-site sewage disposal greater than 500 gallons per day if within 500 feet of Lily Pond, the Aaron River Reservoir, the Aaron River, Peppermint Brook, or Brass Kettle Brook; and I • Installation of floor drains unless directed to an impervious retention facility for controlled removal. I Source reduction efforts are required as a condition of Special Permits and include limitations on parking area de-icing materials and periodic cleaning or renovation of I pollution control devices such as catch basins. 7.1.5 Hazardous Materials Restrictions I Cohasset has adopted a General By-law to ensure the safe storage of hazardous materials (Article XIII). Article XIII includes registration requirements for underground storage tanks and more stringent standards for land-use activities in the Water I Resource District. Provisions in the Water Resource District By-law (Section 14 of the Zoning By-laws) severely restrict the storage of hazardous materials within the District.

I The Town of Cohasset has adopted an article amending their Zoning By-laws to prohibit the granting of a use variance for any land use in the Water Resource District and in any other zoning district, except Commercially zoned area. This article allows the Town I to have more control over the siting of private solid waste facilities and other potential I high-risk land uses. 7.1.6 Title 5 Septic System Regulations I The towns of Cohasset and Norwell have adopted regulations that supplement the Title 5 Standards. Cohasset requires that any septic system newly installed or being upgraded within 400 feet of a water body in the Watershed must pass the performance I standards for Nitrogen Sensitive Areas. Soil absorption systems in Norwell must be I greater than 100 feet from a wetland. Septic tanks and distribution systems must be I 7-5 I greater than 50 feet from a wetland, and all plans must show whether the area is in the I Aquifer Protection District or a nitrogen sensitive area. I 7.2 State Regulations The State of Massachusetts provides regulatory control for public surface water supplies under 310 CMR 22.20B. These regulations require that public water systems I prohibit various activities on or in the public water source and its tributaries, including access to the public water source and tributaries by animals and activities associated with maintaining livestock or other domestic animals within 100 feet. The regulation I also requires the prohibition of burials within 100 feet of the high water mark of a public water source or tributary, and compliance with Title 5 Standards for all on-site I subsurface sewage disposal systems within the Zone A, B, or C of the surface water supply. New or expanded land use within Zone A of the surface water supply that entails the installation of underground storage tanks, aboveground storage tanks for I most liquid hazardous materials (unless it is within a building or has an appropriate secondary containment system), and treatment or disposal works, must be prohibited by I the public water system. RECOMMENDATION 7.6 All towns within the Watershed should incorporate the requirements of the Drinking Water regulation to the Zones A, B, and C of the surface I water supply, pursuant to 310 CMR 22.20B. I I I I I I I I I I 7-6 I I 8.0 EMERGENCY PLANNING 8.1 Emergency Response Plans

I The Cohasset Water Department has updated their Emergency Response Plan21, which provides guidelines for procedures, operations, resources, and communication in emergency conditions. The water service contractor for the Town, American Water I Services (AWS), provides an Incident Commander and an Emergency Response Team (ERT) to make decisions, utilize resources, and implement response activities in I emergency situations so as to minimize hazards to human health, property damage, or the environment. ERT's are available 24-hours per day for emergency duties. The Emergency Response Plan covers the following anticipated emergencies: I • power outages; • equipment failures; • chlorination failure; I • pump failures; • operator illness/strikes/job actions; • chemical contamination of supply; I • chemical spills; • vandalism/sabotage/bomb threats; • fire; I • main breaks; • snow and severe weather; and I • biological outbreaks. The Emergency Response Plan is reviewed quarterly and revised annually by AWS. The towns of Hingham, Ncrwell, or Scituate do not have emergency response plans for I emergencies occurring in the areas of the Watershed within these towns. I 8.2 Emergency Response Training RECOMMENDATION 8.1 Inter-community emergency response training should be I conducted on a routine basis in conjunction with local fire departments from the Watershed communities to coordinate response activities that may be necessary to address potential emergencies in each of the communities. Also, the Cohasset Water I Department should meet with the Cohasset Fire Department and the fire departments for the other three watershed communities to 1). Confirm locations of critical tributary areas where spills are most likely to affect the water supply; and 2). Confirm a I consistent set of spill or release response measures including pre-approved spill I response contractors.

I 21 Cohasset Emergency Response Plan, AWT, 2001 I I 8-1 I I 9.0 EDUCATION PROGRAM As part of the SWSPP, a community education program (the PROGRAM) was developed, which is considered a vital part of the SWSPP since the protection of any I surface water supply depends upon the actions of the members of the communities within the watershed.

I 9.1 Objective of the Education Program

The objective of the PROGRAM is to explain the information contained in the SWSPP, I and to educate the communities to the ways they can contribute to protecting the environment within the Watershed, and hence protect the surface water supply. I Interviews with public officials were conducted to identify and develop ideas, functional objectives, and educational messages in regard to surface water supply protection. I The PROGRAM is designed to educate the public and provide the local communities with information to: I • allow informed input into decisions about water supply protection; • recognize existing and potential threats to the surface water supply; and • promote activities that minimize the release of contaminants within the I Watershed. This PROGRAM incorporates the results of discussions conducted on March 27 and 29, I 2001, with public officials from Cohasset, Situate, Norwell and Hingham, Massachusetts who met voluntarily with representatives from Norfolk Ram Group, LLC and Common Sense Environmental. At the meetings, a draft of the SWSPP and the PROGRAM were I discussed and comments solicited regarding the best methods to identify and develop ideas, functional objectives, and educational messages in regard to surface water supply protection. Each attendee was invited to submit comments on the SWSPP and the I PROGRAM, and interested parties who were not able to attend the meetings were encouraged to send in their comments. In general, interviewees expressed the following I issues set forth below. 9.2 Implementation

I Meeting attendees suggested that one of the objectives of the PROGRAM should be to clearly explain how the environmental condition of the Watershed affects each individual's quality of life. The involvement of Conservation Commissions, Planning I Boards, Watershed groups, Boards of Health and Departments of Public Works was I identified as beneficial to helping the Water Department implement the SWSPP. Meeting attendees suggested including the Weir River Watershed committee, the Straights Pond Committee, individuals on the Hingham Conservation Commission I contact list, the Massachusetts American Water Company, and the Groundwater I Advisory Committee in the implementation of the PROGRAM. I 9-1 I Meeting attendees suggested that all interested representatives from all the I communities within the Watershed review the draft SWSPP simultaneously. Cohasset Town Hall after 5 p.m. was suggested as an ideal meeting place.

I 9.3 Public Outreach and Education I The following suggestions are offered as means to inform and educate the public: 1. Post a page at the town websites that provides information about the Watershed and the SWSPP. I 2. Periodically send email and mail informational fact sheets about the Watershed and the SWSPP to businesses and residents. I 3. Include watershed information with water invoices. 4. Dispense information through science classes in the local schools. 5. Provide exhibits at town events such as foot races, the farmer's market and I beach cleanups to share information with stakeholders. 6. Other means include publishing information in the Mariner, Health Notes, the Elder Affairs Newsletter, Cohasset Revitalization mailings, and Garden Club I mailings. Evaluate the potential for securing grant money for periodic news releases through state-funded Technical Assistance Grants (TAG). I Based on interviews with Town officials, there are no language barriers in the watershed communities.

I 9.4 Intercommunity Partnership The success of the SWSPP requires mutual support among the Watershed I communities. Therefore, a Watershed Team should be developed consisting of at least one town official from each of the Watershed communities. The purpose of the Watershed Team would be to have a forum to present issues, address concerns, and I foster communication and cooperation between the Watershed communities with the common goal of protecting the Watershed and implementing the SWSPP.

I 9.5 SWSPP Information

Activities similar to those described below and included in Table 9-1, will enable Town I officials and interested community members to become informed about the Watershed and the SWSPP, have the opportunity to express their concerns, obtain satisfactory I answers to their questions, and make recommendations regarding appropriate agency responses. I Prepare and distribute fact sheets. A Comment Survey Form was prepared and distributed to interested parties and interviewees during the discussions forum conducted in March 2001. The Comment Survey Form provided a brief description of I the purpose of the SWSPP, described the location of the Watershed communities within I the Watershed, and provided an overview of the next steps of the SWSPP. The I 9-2 TABLE 9-1 PROPOSED EDUCATION PROGRAM ACTIVITIES FOR THE SURFACE WATER SUPPLY PROTECTION PLAN SURFACE WATER SUPPLY PROTECTION PLAN FOR LILY POND & AARON RIVER RESERVOIR

Total Estimated Schedule of Proposed Education Program Activities (2002- 2003) Proposed Public Education Estimated 02-Jul 02-Aug 02-Sep 02-Oct 02-Nov 02-Dec 03-Jan 03-Feb 03-Mar 03-Apr 03-May 03-Jun Activity Hours

Prepare and distribute Fact Sheets 40 X X X X

Prepare and maintain information 8 X X X X X X X X X X X X repositories Establish/ maintain webpage with 40 X X X X X X X X X X X contact information Develop and maintain mailing list/ e- 16 X X X X X X X X X X X X mail distribution list

School presentations 16 X X X X

Meetings with local community 20 X X X interest groups Articles for local newspapers & 48 X X X X X X X X X X X X periodicals Meetings with watershed 16 X X X X community agencies Set up and mamtam booth at Town 24 X X X events

Norfolk Ram Group, LLC 9-2a S/Ram/462.1/Tables/Table9-1 .xls I Comment Survey Form also included information regarding the information repositories I discussed below. Additional fact sheets may be prepared and distributed as significant developments occur, such as any additional findings and developments as they relate to I the implementation of the SWSPP in the future. Establish and maintain information repositories. Two information repositories have been established in the Watershed: one at the Paul Pratt Memorial Library located at I 106 South Main Street in Cohasset, and a second one at the Scituate Public Library located at 85 Branch Street, in Scituate. The repositories will receive key information about the SWSPP, including work plans, fact sheets, the SWSPP report, and other I documents as appropriate. I Develop and maintain an internet web page. A surface water supply web page should be developed that could be linked to town web pages and provide bulletin board and email/contact information to interested parties. The SWSPP should be posted at I the web page as well as information updates, results from water quality testing, results from limnological studies, etc. I Develop a mailing/e-mail list. An e-mail list should be developed that would include names and addresses of relevant federal, state and local officials and group representatives. This list may be expanded as time goes on to include the names and I addresses of other interested parties. Opportunities to be included in the mailing list could be provided during community education and public information meetings.

I School presentations. Exhibits and presentation material for schools could be prepared to educate student of the significance of the surface water supply, threats of contamination, and preventive measures they can take to preserve this resource for I future generations.

Presentations at community interest group meetings. Watershed information could I be presented to local officials and community interest groups at community meetings, which might encourage, attendees to become involved in actively promoting and protecting the Watershed. An excellent source for Watershed Protection literature and I presentation materials can be found at the Center for Watershed Protection, Ellicott City, Maryland (www.cwp.org).

I Informational articles for newspapers and periodicals. Informational articles could be published in newspapers and periodicals discussing current issues regarding the I surface water supply. Inter-Community Meetings. Meetings with officials and the public could be conducted I periodically to provide a forum for communicating significant new information related to I Watershed issues. I I 9-3 I I 10.0 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS 10.1 General

I As noted in the Introduction to this report, the SWSPP is intended to create a starting point for watershed protection, education, and management as a dynamic process going forward. Towards this end, this report has presented numerous I recommendations for future action. This final section of the report provides a summary compilation of the SWSPP recommendations, and offers a prioritization for implementing these recommendations based on the relative importance of each I recommendation to watershed protection. In short, the relative priority for implementing each recommendation presented here is based upon a current day, subjective assessment of need, which is expected to change over time. As this report is revisited I in the future, a key objective should be a re-assessment of the implementation schedule for SWSPP recommendations. This re-assessment should include identifying I recommended actions that have been accomplished, re-defining recommended actions in light of changing conditions and additional information, and identifying new areas I where additional focus is required. The recommendation actions developed in this report are summarized below and in Table 10-1. They are grouped under several major categories, which are in genera) I order of priority, the following: Group A Watershed Monitoring and Assessment; I Group B Stormwater and Non-Point Source Pollution Controls; Group C Septic System and Other Point Source Pollution Controls; Group D Land Use Bylaws, Management, and Enforcement Funding; I Group E Open Space Acquisition and Conservation Restrictions; and Group F Watershed Management.

I For each recommendation, a proposed "Action Partner" is identified in Table 10-1. This entity is considered the best advocate for implementing the recommendation. It is also important to designate a oversight entity and a "Lead Person" for the overall I coordination and implementation of the plans and recommendations in this SWSPP. It is suggested the best oversight entity would be the Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners with the Chairman, as the Lead Person. A proposed schedule for I implementing the recommendations is included in Table 10-2. Regarding staffing requirements for implementing the recommendations listed in Tables 10-1 and 10-2: It is anticipated that the Cohasset Water Commission will outsource (to consultants) many I of the major action items that are recommended for implementation within the first three year planning period. To date, the Commission has utilized a Contract Operator for operation of the water plant and distribution system. The Commission should consider I modifying their existing contract with the Contact Operator to include hiring a Water Supply Protection Coordinator. This coordinator should report to the Board of Water I Commissioners and be responsible for implementing and updating the SWSPP, either performing the work directly, or accomplishing the action items through the coordinated I I 10-1 TabletQ-1 _ Summary of Recommendations I Surface Water Supply Protection Plan for Lily Pond and Aaron River Reservoir

Proposed Report Recommended Action Action Partners) Implementation I Section Reference Schedule* A** Watershed Monitoring and Assessment I 2.3 Establish Watershed Partnership Cohasset Water Commissioners 2002 2.4 Revisit and Update SWSPP Cohasset Water Commissioners 2005 2.1 Assess Watershed Tributaries and Zone A Limits Cohasset Water Commissioners 2002 4.2 Long Term Sampling and Testing Cohasset Water Commissioners 2002 I 6.5 Limnology and Water's Edge Study Cohasset Water Commissioners 2002 3.1 Periodic Review of 21-E Sites Status Cohasset Water Commissioners Ongoing Quarterly 3.5 Monitor Bedrock Wells Cohasset Water Commissioners Ongoing Quarterly 3.6 install Overburden Well Below Norfolk Conveyor Site Cohasset Water Commissioners 2002 I B Stormwater and Non-Point Source Pollution Controls 4.1 StormwaterBMP Controls in Cohasset Cohasset Water Commissioners 2002 - 2004 5.9 Mapping Cohasset Water Commissioners 2002 5.1 Feasibility Study Cohasset Water Commissioners 2003 I 5.1 Design and Construct BMP Facilities Cohasset Water Commissioners 2003 - 2004 3.14 Stormwater Management Plans Norwell & Scituate Boards of Health 2002 - 2004 3 3.15 hase II Stormwater Management Program Boards of Health 2003 5.7 Designate No-Salt Zones Cohasset Water Commissioners (with MHD) & Norwell ConsCom 2002 I 5.13 _awn Care Management Programs Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners and Boards of Health 2003 3.25 Herbicide Application in Right-of-Ways Cohasset Water Commissioners Annual Review c Septic System and Other Point Source Pollution Controls I 3.19 Zone A Protections Cohasset Water Commissioners 2002 - 2003 3.18 Sewer System Expansion Cohasset Water Commissioners 2004 3.16 Protections for Unnamed Stream in Scituate Scituate Board of Health 2003 3.17 Wastewater Management Plans Boards of Health 2003 I 5.6 Older Septic Systems Within Zone A Cohasset, Norwell & Scituate Boards of Health 2003 - 2004 3.17 Septic System Instruction Boards of Health 2002 3.22 Water Treatment Plant Sludge Cohasset Water Commissioners 2004 - 2005 D Land Use Bylaws, Management, and Enforcement Funding I 3.19 Zone A Restrictions, Special Permit Controls, Fundinq Water Commissioners and Town Meeting 2002 - 2003 3.13 Water Resources Protection Districts Bylaws Water Commissioners 2003 3.28 nter-community / Intra-community Cooperation Zoning Boards 2002 - 2003 5.5 Potential ACEC Areas Conservation Commissions - 2004 I 5.14 Commercial Lawn Care Notification Enforcement Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners and Boards of Health ' 2002 - 2003 7.2 Cohasset Master Plan Reference to SWSPP Cohasset Water Commissioners and Town Meeting 2003 E Open Space Acquisition and Conservation Restrictions I 5.1 Developable Land Within Zone A/B Areas Cohasset Water Commissioners 2002-2004 5.2 "own-Owned Land (Research, Improve Controls) Cohasset Water Commissioners 2002 - 2004 5.3 Undevelopable Land (Research, Improve Controls) Cohasset Water Commissioners 2005 - 2007 5.4 Owner Unknown" Land (Research. Improve Controls) Cohasset Water Commissioners 2008 - 2009 I 7.1 Deeds for Existing Open Space Town Clerks 2010-2012 F Watershed Management

2.2 Hydrological Assessment Cohasset Water Commissioners 2002-2003 3.26 *lon-Hemlock Confer Trees DPWs 2002 I 3.3 Geese and Other Nuisance Wildlife Cohasset Water Commissioners 2002 S.2 Municipal Land Uses DPWs 2002 5.15 Management Plan for Town-Owned Lands DPWs 2003 6.1 Fence Installation - Lily Pond DPWs 2002 I 6.2 Fence Repair, Installation - Aaron River Reservoir DPWs 2002 3.29 Signs Cohasset Water Commissioners & DPWs 2002 6.3 Walking Trail - Aaron River Reservoir Cohasset Water Commissioners 2004 3.24 CHL Landfill NPDES Permit Cohasset Water Commissioners 2002 I 3.27 Fertilizers and Manure Boards of Health 2003 3 7.3 roposed Prohibited Land Uses Boards of Health 2003 3.1 Emergency Response Training Fire Departments 2003 I *See Table 10-2 for more detail on implementation schedules ** Six Recommendation Groups, A through F, listed in general order of priority I

I Norfolk Ram Group, LLC 10-1a S:/RAMM62.1/TABLES/RECTS I SURFACE WATER SUPPLY PROTECTION PLAN .FOR LILY POND / AARON RIVER RESERVOIR WATERSHED

I TABLE 10-2 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE FOR RECOMMENDATIONS

Rept. Recommendation TIME FROM INCEPTION OF PROJECT {by Quarter Year Periods)

I 2002 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 20102010 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2012 2012 Proposed Time Period to Complete (*) 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd A Watershed Monitoring and Assessment

2.3 Establish Watershed Partnership JiSMSg! 3&J&& ' I 2.4 Revisit and Update SWSPP '"'Sgfe %$$& 2.1 Assess Watershed Tributaries and Zone A Limits 4.2 Long Term Sampling & Testing. . , X Re-assess sampling and testing program 6.5 Limnology and Water's Edge Study , 3.1 Periodic Review of 21 -E Sites Status SSSigS $8SS3 ?io:S:-:55: ;8®s& siSsSSsi Si£§i;8 "Si^S-S-i I 3.5 Monitor Bedrocks Wells _,•• X Re-assess sampling and testing program 3.6 Install Overburden Well S.E. of Norfolk Conveyor Site .

8 Storm water and Non-Point Source Pollution Controls I 4.1 Stormwater BMP controls in Cohasset X 3rd Year Review X 3rd Year Review X 3rd Year Review 5.9 Mapping. X X 5.1 Feasibility study X 5.1 Design & Construct BMP Facilities X X X X X I 3.14 Stormwater Management Plans (Norwell, Scituate) - *ss X 3rd Year Review X 3rd Year Review X 3rd Year Review 3.15 Phase II Slormwater Management Program Compliance ' 5.7 Designate No-salt zones

5.13 Lawn Care Management Programs . v X 3rd Year Review X 3rd Year Review X 3rd Year Review I 3.25 Herbicide Application in Right-of-Ways •&SS8 WHM $$88$ P$8i5 S&&8S flHT C Septic System and Other Point Source Pollution Controls 3.19 Zone A Protections X 3rd Year Review X 3rd Year Review X 3rd Year Review 3.18 Sewer System Expansion X 3rd Year Review I 3.16 Protections for Unnamed Stream in Scituate 3.17 Wastewater Management Plans X 3rd Year Review X 3rd Year Review X 3rd Year Review 5.6 Older Septic Systems Within Zone A ' X 3rd Year Review X 3rd Year Review X 3rd Year Review 3.17 Septic System Instruction 3&$gS $m$$ I 3.22 Water Treatment Plant Sludge

D Land Use Bylaws, Management and Enforcement Funding 3.19 Zone A Restrictions, Special Permit Controls, Funding 1 1 I 3.13 WaterResources Protection Districts Bylaws X Annual Review X Annual Review X 3rd Year Review X 3rd Year Review X 3rd Year Review 3.28 inter-community / Intra-communrty Cooperation X 3rd Year Review X 3rd Year Review X 3rd Year Review 5.5 Potential ACEC Areas 5.14 Commercial Lawn Care Notification Enforcement I 7.2 Cohasset Master Ran Reference to SWSPP ;ii£& X 3rd Year Review X 3rd Year Review X 3rd Year Review E Open Space Acquisition and Conservation Restrictions 5.1 Developable Land Within Zone A/B Areas 5.2 Town-Owned Land (Research. Improve Controls) I 5.3 Undevelopable Land (Research, Improve Controls) 5.4 "Owner Unknown" Land (Research, Improve Controls) 7.1 Deeds for Existing Open Space

I F Watershed Management 2.2 Hydrological Assessment "".'-'I1 * 3.26 Non-Hemlock Confer Trees X Ongoing Effort •-.. 3.3 Geese and Other Nuisance Wiidlife X Ongoing Effort I 5.2 Municipal Land Uses X Annual Review X Annual Review X Annual Review X 3rd Year Review X 3rd Year Review X 3rd Year Review 5.15 Management Plan for Town-Owned Lands X 3rd Year Review X 3rd Year Review X 3rd Year Review 6.1 Fence installation - Lify Pond 6.2 Fence Repair, Installation -Aaron River Reservoir 3.29 Signs (in Cooperation with DEM on State Land) I 6.3 Walking Trail - Aaron River Reservoir 3.24 CHL Landfill NPDES Permit Also check for comp lance per EPA renewal schedule 3.27 Fertilizers and Manure 7.3 proposed Prohibited Land Uses X 3rd Year Review X 3rd Year Review X 3rd Year Review I 8.1 Emergency Response Training X 3rd Year Review X 3rd Year Review X 3rd Year Review I •See report per section reference number listed for more detailed descriptions of recommendations. Also, see Table 10-1. Norfolk Ram croup, LLC I 10-1D I use of consultants. If modifying the Contract Operator agreement is not feasible, then I an alternative would be for the Commission to hire such a Water Supply Protection Coordinator directly.

I Partnership (Recommendation 2.3) The Town of Cohasset should establish a partnership with the other Watershed communities based upon the common goal of protecting the surface water supply. The intent of this partnership should be to create a I forum for the discussion of Watershed protection issues, to identify the appropriate action partner(s) to implement Watershed initiatives and to establish specific timeframes for implementing the initiatives developed in this SWSPP. In this regard, the South I Coastal Watershed Team could help with other Watershed Communities. The Cohasset Town Planner has indicated several representatives from Cohasset, Scituate I and Norwell are active participants of the Team. The technical expertise of the Team coordinator and various state representatives could be instrumental in organizing the I partnership and providing technical assistance. Revisit and Update SWSPP (Recommendation 2.4) The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should revisit this SWSPP at least every three (3) years to evaluate and I revise the recommendations and the implementation schedule for recommendations, I and to identify achievements and areas where additional efforts should be focused. 10.2 Watershed Monitoring and Assessment (Group A) I The first and most important priority for watershed management is the monitoring of water quality and monitoring of known potential threats within the Watershed. This includes data gathering and careful interpretation of water quality data, and the I monitoring of "potential threats" sites for changes in activity, contaminant levels and contaminant pathways to the surface water supply until such time that the sites are successfully remediated and/or they no longer threaten water quality within the I Watershed. The following are recommended as Watershed assessment and monitoring activities.

I Assess Watershed tributaries and Zone A limits (Recommendation 2.1). The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should determine the extent and direction of flow in the potential tributary stream to Brass Kettle Brook located west of the wetland, I and the extension of the South Swamp tributary to the Aaron River Reservoir identified by the First Herring Brook Initiative, and the existence of channel flow through the I bordering wetlands located south of Bound Brook Pond in the town of Norwell, which may include some of Burnt Plain Swamp. If these areas are tributary a significant I extension of the Zone A may be appropriate. Long term sampling & testing (Recommendations 3.21. 4.2. 4.3, 6.6). Although some water quality testing and monitoring of land use activities within the Watershed I have been performed over the past few years, the first priority recommendation is for I the Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners to implement the long term sampling & I 10-2 I testing program as presented in this report at Section 4-4. The proposed sampling I locations are noted on Map 1b "Potential Threats to the Watershed" and the proposed testing program summarized in Table 4-3. The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should implement the long-term sampling plan to monitor nutrient I concentrations in Lily Pond and Aaron River Reservoir and all tributaries. The sampling results should be assessed by an experienced limnologist to update the Town on the I state of eutrophication of Lily Pond and Aaron River Reservoir. Limnology and water's edge study {Recommendation 6.51. The Town of Cohasset I should conduct a limnology and water's edge study of Lily Pond and Aaron River Reservoir to include both a diagnostic and feasibility evaluation. An assessment of the trophic state of both the pond and the reservoir based upon the seasonal measurement I of chemical constituents, and the relationship between the makeup of the water's edge and nutrient loading should be components of the study. I Periodic Review of 21E sites status. The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should periodically review the progress of response actions conducted at the state 21E sites listed below so that potential impacts to the surface water supply can be assessed. I This review should continue until 1) these sites have been determined by DEP as no longer posing a threat to water quality within the Watershed, and/or 2) the ongoing long term sampling & testing program has determined that impacts from these sites is I insignificant and unlikely to become significant. 1) Hingham Training Annex Disposal Site (Recommendations 3.1, 3.2): I 2) Former Beechwood Dump (Recommendations 3.3, 3.4): 3) Former Norfolk Conveyor Site (Recommendations 3.5, 3.6): 4) Former Burning Ground (Recommendations 3.7, 3.8): I 5) Cohasset Heights Landfill (Recommendations 3.9. 3.10. 3.20); and 6) Former Clapp Landfill (Recommendations 3.11, 3.12).

I Monitor Bedrock Wells (Recommendations 3.5, 3.9). The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should continue to monitor the bedrocks wells on a quarterly basis, until I the SWSPP is revisited (after three years) at which time the need to monitor can be reevaluated, and periodically review the progress of response actions conducted at the former Norfolk Conveyor site so that potential impacts to Lily Pond can be assessed. I Install overburden well between Norfolk Conveyor site and Lily Pond. Install Overburden Well Between Norfolk Conveyor Site & Lily Pond I (Recommendations 3.6 and 3.10) The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should consider evaluating the feasibility of installing overburden-monitoring wells in the depositional sands and gravels of the former or existing wetlands located between the I former Norfolk Conveyor site and Lily Pond. The geology of these wetlands are areas of greatest soil thickness consisting of deposits of gravel, sand and/or silts with relatively high hydraulic conductivities, and could potentially serve as a pathway for I impacted groundwater to Lily Pond. I I 10-3 I

I 10.3 Stormwater and Non-Point Source Pollution Controls (Group B)

Aside from the need to continue gathering data on watershed water quality, this is the I single greatest need and priority for protecting the surface water supply. This priority is based on 1) the reported eutrophic to hyper-eutrophic state of both Lily Pond and the Aaron River Reservoir, 2) the known presence of multiple discharges of uncontrolled or I poorly controlled stormwater into Lily Pond and into the tributaries to both the pond and the reservoir, and 3) the evidence gathered to date on the water contamination that can be attributed to stormwater and non-point source impacts (phosphorus, nitrogen, TSS, I and metals) based on water quality testing to date. There are several recommended I actions under this category which are listed in summary form below: Stormwater BMP controls in Cohasset (Recommendation 4.1). Stormwater Best Management Practice (BMP) controls should be implemented at roads within the Zone I A of the Watershed. Also the water quality parameters with deviations from normal found at the aforementioned locations should be closely observed over the next few quarterly sampling rounds to determine if these deviations in water quality are indicative I of long-term problematic water quality issues or merely seasonal fluctuations. • Mapping (Recommendation 5.9). The Town of Cohasset Planning Department I has submitted an application to the DEP for a Watershed Improvement Grant. The grant money as well as matching funds from the town would be put towards a town-wide mapping effort to located and describe the storm water drainage I system in Cohasset. The stormwater mapping project would serve as a critical component in analyzing the Watershed, identifying non-point sources of contamination within the Watershed, and provide sustainable protection of the I surface water supply into the future. Continued joint efforts between the Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners, Board of Health, DPW, and Planning Board to accomplish stormwater drainage system mapping on a town-wide basis I should be pursued. A town-wide CIS, which would include storm drain system mapping, requires the participation of many town departments to ensure that relevant data remains accurate and up to date once initial mapping is completed. I If funds are limited, mapping Zone A and Zone B areas and threatened coastal I and wetland areas should be pursued as an immediate priority. • Feasibility study (Recommendation 5.10). There are critical areas identified as tributaries to Lily Pond and the Aaron River Reservoir that should be I addressed as a priority. The feasibility of installing stormwater treatment systems along Route 3A where it comes in close proximity to Peppermint Brook and along King Street where drainage is tributary to Lily Pond and especially I within the Zone A should be evaluated. Following the feasibility study, treatment systems should be designed and constructed to capture oil and other petroleum I products to prevent their discharge into Peppermint Brook. I I 10-4 I

• Design and Construct BMP Facilities (Recommendation 5.101. Based upon I feasibility study, design and construct BMP facilities including roadway spill collection systems along Route 3A, along King Street where drainage is tributary to Lily Pond and especially within the Zone A ,and other critical areas tributary to I Lily Pond. I Stormwater management plans (Recommendation 3.14). It is reported the Towns of Norwell and Scituate are currently developing Stormwater management plans. Best Management Practices should be identified and implemented immediately for the I sections of road identified as posing a significant threat to the surface water supply. At a minimum, no-salt zones should be designated along the sections of roads with drainage basins that discharge directly to the surface water supply. Also, the Planning I Board for Cohasset and the other watershed communities should codify in their rules and regulations Stormwater controls as part of the approval process for site plans, subdivisions and other proposed creation of impervious areas. At a minimum these I regulations should require compliance with the DEPs Best Management Practices set forth in their Stormwater Management Policy. I Phase II Stormwater Management Program (Recommendation 3.15). The Watershed towns should comply with the DEP's Phase II Stormwater Management Program by the required deadline in 2003. The Cohasset Board of Water I Commissioners should request the opportunity to follow and comment on the communities' progress in preparing these programs.

I Designate no-salt zones (Recommendations 5.7. 5.8). The Town of Cohasset should request that the MHD designate the area of Route 3A where it is tributary to Peppermint Brook a no-salt zone. The Town of Norwell should designate Mt. Blue I Street and Mount Hope Street within the Zone B near Bound Brook Pond no-salt zones.

Lawn care management programs (Recommendations 3.23. 5.13). The Cohasset I Board of Water Commissioners in partnership with Boards of Health in the Watershed communities should develop and implement a Lawn Care Management Program for areas within the Zone A and all town-owned properties. The plan should define areas I where the application of lawn care chemicals is prohibited such as within 200 feet of the surface water supply or tributaries, and establish recommended application procedures I and frequencies for areas within the Zone A and Zone B. Herbicide application in right-of-ways (Recommendation 3.25). The Cohasset I Board of Water Commissioners should maintain close oversight of the application of herbicides in areas of right-of-ways that are within the Zone A, and request in writing, advanced notice of any planned application of herbicides within the Zone A and Zone B I areas of the watershed, and an annual updated copy of the utility company YOP. I I I 10-5 I

I 10.4 Septic System and Other Point Source Pollution Controls (Group C)

Zone A protections (Recommendation 3.19). Implement Zone A zoning and non- I zoning controls through local bylaws and/or Board of Health regulations. The towns within the Watershed should adopt zoning and non-zoning controls within the Zone A pursuant to 310 CMR 22.00, the Drinking Water Regulations. (See Model Zone A I Bylaw in Appendix B). In Cohasset, for proposed zoning changes, the Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should enlist the support of the Zoning Advisory Committee, I which is a sub-committee of the Planning Board. Sewer system expansion (Recommendation 3.18). Continue to expand Cohasset municipal sewer system with the goal of eliminating Zone A septic systems (1st priority) I nd followed by systems within Zone B areas (2 priority). The towns of Cohasset and Scituate should extend the municipal sewer into areas where residences with on-site I septic systems are located within the Zone A. Protections for South Swamp Tributary in Scituate (Recommendation 3.16). The I Town of Scituate should located/mapped and recognized for proper Title 5 setback requirements, filling and dredging restrictions, Zone A prohibitions, and, if applicable Rivers Act buffer requirements the extension of the South Swamp tributary to the Aaron I River Reservoir identified by the First Herring Brook Watershed Initiative. Wastewater management plans (Recommendation 3.17). The Watershed I communities should encourage all towns within the Watershed to develop and implement Comprehensive On-Site Wastewater Management Plans.

I Older septic systems within Zone A areas (Recommendation 5.6). Cohasset, Norwell and Scituate should determine if on-site septic systems located within Zone A areas fail to protect the public health, safety and environment as required by Title 5 I regulations and require system upgrades. Cohasset should consider modifying their Storm Water Management Plan to include funding these actions through the Septicredit program. Also, the towns should consider adopting regulations possibly designating I Septic System Management Districts where periodic inspections of septic systems within the Zone A are mandated.

I Septic system instruction (Recommendation 3.17). The occupants of residences within 400 feet of the surface water supply or tributaries should be instructed as to the I detrimental effect of antiquated septic systems, disposal of chemicals via sinks or toilets and the benefits of using laundry detergents that do not contain phosphates. I Water treatment plant sludge (Recommendations 3.22. 5.12). The Town of Cohasset should evaluate the potential for off-site disposal of the treatment sludge pursuant to 310 CMR 32.00, the Land Application of Sludge and Septage regulation. I Tying sanitary and wastewater discharges from the water treatment plant into the I existing municipal sewer system along King Street should be evaluated. I 10-6 I

I 10.5 Land Use Bylaws, Management and Enforcement Funding (Group D)

Zone A Restrictions, Special Permit Controls, Funding (Recommendation 3.191. I (See Zone A protections noted above.) Implementation of the Zone A protections discussed above are critically important for protecting the source water supply from septic systems and other point sources of contamination. These protective restrictions I can be implemented through town-approved upgrades to the local water resource protection district bylaws. In Cohasset, for proposed zoning changes, the Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should enlist the support of the Zoning Advisory I Committee, which is a sub-committee of the Planning Board. Another more direct pathway to consider for implementation is for the local Boards of Health to amend their I existing rules and regulations. This can be done without town meeting approval, however, consultation with local town counsel is advised. Proper funding of the Board of Health and/or town inspectional services is also critically important to ensure proper I implementation and endorsement of bylaw protections. (See Model Zone A Bylaw in Appendix B.) I Water Resources Protection District bylaws (Recommendations 3.13, 7.6). The Watershed communities in cooperation with the Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners, should continue to implement and periodically review and update I where appropriate their Water Resources Protection Districts bylaws. The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should request the opportunity to review the community bylaws or proposed changes and make recommendations towards furthering the I protection of the surface water supply. Also, all towns within the Watershed should incorporate the requirements of the Drinking Water regulation to the Zones A, B, and C I of the surface water supply, pursuant to 310 CMR 22.20B Inter-community and intra-communitv cooperation (Recommendation 3.28). The Watershed communities should allow officials from each town the chance to review and I comment on zoning variances or special permits for proposed future development. To the best of its ability, town officials in the town where the zoning variances or special permits apply should incorporate the comments of the other Watershed town officials I into the approval process. I Commercial Lawn Care Notification Enforcement (Recommendation 5.14) The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should work on partnership with the Board of health to properly fund and implement the existing bylaw Article XIII Section (c) that applies to Commercial Lawn Care notifications prior to pesticide/herbicide applications I in the WRD. I Potential ACEC areas (Recommendation 5.5). The Watershed communities should identify potential areas within the Watershed to nominate for ACEC status such as the South Swamp tributary and associated wetland system watershed located north of I Clapp Road in Scituate, as well as the unique habitat and resource value of the South I Swamp located south of Clapp Road and partly in the Watershed. I 10-7 I

I Cohasset Master Plan Reference of SWSPP (Recommendation 7.2). Cohasset should include the protection of the surface water supply as proposed in this SWSPP as a component of the town's master plan. Cohasset should include the protection of the I surface water supply as a component of the town's master plan. The Growth and Development Committee has drafted a vision statement that reads in part "Prudent planning and careful management of the town's natural resources protect the quality I and quantity of the town's waters - drinking water supply, streams, wetlands, and coastal waters." Moreover, water supply protection has emerged, via surveys and public meetings, as a key concern and top priority. The master plan must balance a I variety of issues and priorities as expressed by various stakeholders during the process. The recommendations of the SWSPP should be considered very carefully along with I other top community priorities. I 10.6 Open Space Acquisition and Conservation Restrictions (Group E) Developable Land Within Zone A/B Areas (Recommendation 5.1) The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should further evaluate (as to feasibility and priority) the I developable land parcels located within the Zone A areas (including developable parcels that abut parcels in Zone A); and then pursue acquisition for open space, or restrictions for such parcels. The priority for plan years one through three should be I parcels in Zone A along Lily Pond, Aaron River Reservoir and tributaries thereto; priority for plan years four through six should be parcels that abut parcels in the Zone A (for the pond, reservoir and tributaries); and priority for years seven through ten should be Zone I B parcels closest to Zone A areas. The Commissioners should work cooperatively with existing town boards such as the Open Space Committee and the Community Preservation Committee to share resources and information regarding land acquisition I priorities.

Town-owned land - research, improve controls (Recommendation 5.2). The Town I of Cohasset should investigate the deeds to town-owned land to the immediate north and northwest of Lily Pond, and if necessary strengthen the protections to maximize I surface water supply protection. Undevelopable land - research, improve controls (Recommendation 5.3). The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should consider parcels presently recorded I as undevelopable within the Zone A for possible Town Open Space acquisition or for I securing protective conservation deed restrictions (see Map 3). "Owner unknown" land - research, improve controls (Recommendation 5.4). The Town of Cohasset should evaluate the possibility of acquiring parcels located within or I abutting the Zone A of Lily Pond where the Assessor's records indicate unknown I ownership, (see Map 4). I I 10-8 I

I Deeds for existing Open Space (Recommendation 7.11. The Watershed communities should research the deeds for Open Space, which is protected by "something other than time" so that the degree of protection is understood, and if I necessary strengthen the protections to maximize surface water supply protection. I 10.7 Watershed Management (Group F) Hydro logical Assessment (Recommendation 2.2). The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should conduct a hydrologic assessment to include a water balance I evaluation, wetlands and wildlife inventory and stream channel characterization. As part this assessment, at least five stream flow and stage gauging stations should be I constructed equipped with constant recording open channel flow meters, and stream gages to measure stage. The proposed locations for the stations are at the Aaron River downstream of the fish ladder (at Doane Street), at the upstream side of the BBCS, at I the upstream extent of Herring Brook where it meets Lily Pond, brass Kettle Brook at Lily Pond, and Peppermint Brook at Lily Pond. Stream flow and stage data should be collected at each station over the course of one year to establish baseline flow data I from which to monitor changes going forward. Non-hemlock conifer trees (Recommendation 3.26V The Towns of Cohasset, I Hingham and Scituate should plant, or encourage the planting (via education and/or a program to supply and plant saplings) of non-hemlock conifer tree species in areas damaged by woody adelgid infestation within 50 feet of the Aaron River Reservoir or I Lily Pond in order to reduce potential siltation of the water bodies and maintain slope stability. This planting program may best be implemented through local conservation commission efforts. The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should discuss such I a program with their local conservation commissioners.

Geese and other nuisance wildlife (Recommendations 3.30. 6.4). The Cohasset I Board of Water Commissioners should take steps to discourage geese and other nuisance wildlife from roosting near Lily Pond. One method gaining in popularity is to employ the use of dogs such as the Border Collie. These animals tirelessly pursue I geese on the ground and provide a harmless threat that discourages the geese from setting up roost. The dogs are available for sale through kennels that specifically train them for this purpose. A Water Department employee or neighboring property owner I could be "hired" to keep the trained dog and patrol the site periodically, I Municipal land uses (Recommendation 5.11). The Watershed communities should periodically review municipal land uses in the Watershed to ensure that any activities that have the potential to adversely impact the surface water supply are identified and I addressed as necessary through site improvements and/or facility management plans. Management plan for town-owned lands (Recommendation 5.15). A written I management plan should be developed for town-owned land within the Watershed. I This management plan should include regular inspections to look for unauthorized I 10-9 I

activity, illegal dumping, obstructions to stream flow, missing signs, and other I maintenance needs.

Fence installation - Lily Pond (Recommendation 6.1). The Cohasset Board of I Water Commissioners should install a fence at Lily Pond near the water treatment plant to limit public access at that location, and signs should be posted listing the recreational I activities that are allowed and prohibited. Fences repair and installation - Aaron River Reservoir (Recommendation 6.21. I The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should repair the fence to the Aaron River Reservoir via Beechwood Street, install a gate, and install public accommodations (i.e. stairs and/or ramps). Signs should be posted listing the recreational activities that I are allowed and prohibited. Signs (Recommendation 3.291. The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should I post signs at the public access ways for both Lily Pond and the Aaron River Reservoir that indicate allowed and prohibited activities within these water bodies. I Walking trail - Aaron River Reservoir (Recommendation 6.31. The Watershed communities should develop a walking trail around Aaron River Reservoir that would serve to define and control the specific areas the public can utilize. This walking trail I should be set back from the edge of the reservoir so as to provide a minimum 25-foot buffer zone. Trash containers placed at strategic locations along the trail would help I control trash in the area. CHL Landfill NPDES permit (Recommendation 3.24). The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should demand that the EPA order the CHL Landfill operator to obtain I and keep current a NPDES permit for the discharge of its landfill stormwater into the Lily Pond Watershed.

I Fertilizers and manure (Recommendation 3.271. The Watershed communities should require that all. outdoor storage of fertilizers or manure be contained in I weatherproof enclosures. Proposed prohibited land uses (Recommendations 7.3, 7.4, 7.51. Cohasset should I prohibit the following land uses within the Zone A of the Watershed: commercial car/truck washes; dry-cleaning establishments; metal plating, finishing, or polishing; chemical or bacteriological laboratories; commercial photographic processing; I commercial printing other than xerographic reproduction; self-service laundries unless sewered; hotels or motels unless sewered; cabinet/furniture making establishments; painting, wood preserving, and furniture stripping establishments; and electronic circuit I assembly facilities. The Cohasset Board of Water Commissioners should enlist the support of the Zoning Advisory Committee, which is a sub-committee of the Planning I Board when proposing future zoning changes. I I 10-10 Norwell should prohibit the following land uses within the Zone A of the Watershed: cabinet/furniture making establishments; painting, wood preserving and furniture stripping establishments; electronic circuit assembly facilities; and outside storage of herbicides, pesticides, or fertilizer in amounts exceeding normal household or agricultural use.

Scituate should prohibit the following land uses within the Zone A of the Watershed: non-sanitary treatment/disposal works subject to 314 CMR 5.00; and the removal of soil within four feet of the high groundwater elevation.

Emergency Response Training (Recommendation 8.1). Inter-community emergency response training should be conducted on a routine basis in conjunction with local fire departments from the Watershed communities to coordinate response activities that may be necessary to address potential emergencies in each of the communities.

10-11 I I I APPENDIX A I MAPS • Thematic Data Layers Portrayed on the GIS Maps List of Assessor Parcels Categorized as Undeveloped Land by the Town of Cohasset Assessor's Office Map la Land Use I Map 1 b Potential Threats to the Watershed Map 2 Protected Areas, Open Space, and Municipal Zoning Map 3 Undevelopable Land Parcels I Map 4 Parcels of Unknown Ownership I I I

I I I I I I I I I Thematic Data Layers Portrayed On The CIS Maps I Map 1a Map 2 (continued) 1. Landuse 4. Utility Corridors 2. FEMA 100 Year Flood Zones 5. U.S. Government, Hingham I 3. Zone A Surface Water Annex Protection 6. Certified Vernal Pools 4. Zone B Surface Water 7. Priority Sites of Rare Species I Protection Habitats 5. Zone C Watershed Boundary 8. Zone A Surface Water 6. Surface Hydrography Protection Area I 7. Wompatuck State Park 9. Zone B Surface Water 8. Roads . Protection Area 9. Public Water Supplies 10.Zone C Watershed Boundary I 10. Town Boundary Area 11. Town Boundary Map 1b . 12. Roads I 1. Septic and Sewered Areas 13. Surface Hydrography 2. Landuse 3. Landfills or Solid Waste Areas I 4. 21-E sites 1. Landuse (undeveloped land) 5. Underground Storage Tanks 2. Zone A Surface Water 6. Surface Water Sampling Protection Area I Points 3. Zone B Surface Water 7. Bedrock Monitoring Wells Protection Area 8. .'Spills/Releases 4. Zone C Watershed Boundary I 9. NPDES Discharges Area 10. MHD Road Salt Storage Area 5. Wetlands 11. Surface Hydrography ; 6. Surface Hydrography I 12. Wetlands 7. Wompatuck State Park 13. Zone A Surface Water 8. Town Boundary Protection Area I 14. Zone B Surface Water Protection Area 15.Zone C Watershed Boundary 1. Landuse (known and I Area unknown ownership) 16. Roads 2. Zone A Surface Water 17. Town Boundary Protection Area - I 18. Wompatuck State Park 3. Zone B Surface Water Protection Area 4. Zone C Watershed Boundary I 1. Municipal Zoning Area 2. Open Space 5. Wetlands I 3. Water Resources Protection 6. Surface Hydrography Districts 7. Wompatuck State Park 8. Town Boundary

I"4! I I List Of Assessor Parcels Categorized As Undevelopable Land By The Town Of Cohasset Assessor's Office

Map and Lot Map and Lot

41-027 56-015 41-032 56-016 41-110A 56-030 42-027 56-052 51-031 59-002 52-053 59-011 52-054 59-012 52-055 60-012 52-056 65-007 52-057 65-008 52-058 65-009 52-059 65-010 52-060 66-001 52-061 66-004 52-062 66-005 52-063 66-007 53-070 66-010 54-019 • 66-013 54-025 66-014 55-128 67-001 55-128 72-001 56-011 72-002 56-012 56-013 56-014

J *! Map la Land Use Lily Pond/Aaron River Reservoir Watershed

"""^ i ?/- i t if i W -.' ^Whiineyand iThaycr Woods 1 Whitney and Thayer Woods

/ •

Single Family or Residential Multi-Fami ly/Condcmini urns'Multiple TJwc 11 i ngs or Accessory lAnd with Improvement Potentially Developable l^and/Developable l^nd Undevelopable Land Commercial Area - Shopping Manufacturing Auto Repair, Sales or Service Facilities Town-Owned Und Charitable Organizations Churches, Synagogues and Temples Cropland Sand, Gravel, and Rock i Landfill Campground - Wampatuck State Park Utility Corridor or Other Open Land Undeveloped Land FEMA 100 ^Year Hood Zones (A and Ae) Zone A - Surface Waler Protection Area (400' from Surfaw Water Supply ond 20ff from Tributaries) /v Zone B-Surface Water Protection Area (]f2 Mile- from Strike Water Supply) Lakes, Ponds, and Reservoirs Watershed Boundary (/one C) Wompatuck Stale Park Boundary Streams and Brooks Town Boundary A/ Local Road * Public Water Supply - Surface Water Intake Public Water Supply - Transient Non-Community

1 Mia j NORFOLK WOO Feel DATA SOUttCHS: Ijnd iwe criterta for C'ohasuct arc based m town assessor data tjnd use for RAM GROUP Huigham, NorwcIF, And Stituatt Bre bufd on MacContitill lint! u.w (E999) 1 inch-1.000 feet (nmMtesCtlS. Wa«rshcd bounduy dcvekiped by Ndrffiik RAM Group. I we State I'tmre CooriiJrwg Syalem. NAIJ WK3 All other dala lnyri?,srrE^urleBy of MassGIS. Map Ib Potential Threats to the Watershed Lily Pond/Aaron River Reservoir Watershed

LEGEND Potential Threats Pre-1978 Septic 1978 Septic 1995 Septic 1995 Advanced Septic Sewered Area Unknown Active Agriculture Sand, Gravel, and Rock 1 Utility Corridor Campground - Wompatuck State Park I-andftll or Solid Waste Area 21-E Site Underground Storage Tank Surface Water Sampling Location Bedrock Monitoring Wei! Location Spills/Releases NPDE5 Discharge p, fe MHD Road Salt Storage Shed Base Map Information 1-ake, Pond, or Reservoir Wetlands Zone A - Surface Water Protection Area from Surface Water Supply and 200' from Tributaries) / V Zone B - Surface Water Protection Area (1 a Mile from Surface Water Supply) ' Watershed Boundary (Zone C) Streams and Brooks /V Local Road / \* Major Road '** *• , / V Town Boundary i *' Wompatuck State Park Boundary

DATA SOURCES: NORFOLK SqTiicteewei data is parcel-based for Cohnssd, RAM GROUP Witerohctl boundary* surface walersgmplm Lrr.moHrfi.rn Hncb-lpQOOfwl rclCdW?- locutions UK data developed by Norfolk RAM Clmup All othor layers ere courKBy of MflsaGIS. June. 2002 Plane Cpurdiaalc Sjstcm, NAD 1 Map 2 Protected Areas, Open Space, and Municipal Zoning Lily Pond/Aaron River Reservoir Watershed

semm- .:',:•

LEGEND Zoning land Use Codes Residential Commercial • - - ib. ft 4 » f I- ^ Industrial r J J Municipal Toning Primary Use Code

111. * I . b < n . L

, , . f . - .-,'. , - - I- \ - Smylc i-ufm\y Rcfridcncc f. . * . yg _6 -HigHway ''X - j'.-.\'. - Light Indusirial 1 • • »' !••.»*> 1.4.1 - Conucrvution/Kccrcation II1 ^Village »Tcthiology Protected and Recreational Open Space Recreation, activities arc facility based Agricultural Preservation Rcsuicbon Recreation and Conservation Rccrc&tion and QmscrvdUttn ...H-II-III..^.-!.. IT-.-li .-...„•• Conservation, octivilicfl are non-facility based iih«i*ppini fen

WBHJH WeOaads A / J-T^ Certified VeinnL Pool (NHESP) *• Priority Sites of Hare Specie* Habilais (NHE5P)

r i L '. '. . . I . - * Zone A - Surracc Walci JVrtection Area

/\/ Zone II - Surtiice Water Protection Area Mill Ihxn XurM W*MT Supply) Watershed H

NOKPOLK DATASOURCIS •* Nllunl UcriBiC & RndargefEfl SpttiCf Munidpal zoning daQibiMd onexisliagtawn nupsi. Watershed boundary RAM GROUP (NHHS?) developed Hy Ncirfolk RAM Group. Water Kewmrcci. Mrotcctiun Districts FHGigtr-RIHii SHESP I999-M01 Prioniy Kibinm to NOT c«|]]Tv>ltm to I tndi - 1.000 feet laycra tklrnntcd from exrbling -nnp*. Open sp*ce.'nrotccted ureas data and Jane, 2002 unler MuuchiBcR^ 1 nln|CTC other ba»c dim layers coumwy of Man-O IS. MapS Undevelopable Land Parcels Lily Pond/Aaron River Reservoir Watershed

^

. t.' Pond , x

'

\ •

Aaron River Reservoir £==1- . , .2 The Town of Cobasfiti Assessor's Office categorizes undevelopable land into flie following iwo categories: Commercial (I-anduse Code 392) Residential (Umduse Code 132) Baac Data Assessor Parcel

Zone A - Surface Waler Protection Area (4001 from Surftor Waler Supply and 200' fiuro Tribulariea) I I Zone B - Surface Water Protection Area (1/2 Mile from Surftco Wnler Supply) Watershed Boundaiy (Zone C) Whitney and 'Iliayer Woods Wetland Lake, Pond, or Reservoir Streams and Brooks /V Woropatuck Stale Park Boundary / \/ Town Boundary

NORFOLK 1 RAMCHGUJ DATASOURCHS: Asscsaor purcdfl ilaljx layer with aA^adtfted lanJi^c uxlc provided 1 inch -.500 feel bylheTowno("CcjhaH«L Wuterthedboundarydcvdupt-dby Date: Jure, NorfblkHAM 1983 Map 4 Parcels of Unknown Ownership Lily Pond/Aaron River Reservoir Watershed

t \

'-.

•••

Powrf s>«

Aaron River Reservoh

LEGEND Assesor Parcel (Unknown Ownership) ^J'^- v ""' < dr no known ownership records available al the Town

Assessor Parcel (Known Ownership)

Zone A - Surface Water Protection Area from Surface W»w Supply and HXf from ] Zone B - Surface Water Protection Area Mile from SurfHcr Water Supply)

/\/ Watershed Boundary (Zone C) ]3 Whitney and'HiayerWooda :t::::: Wetland Lake, Pond, or Reservoir

StreHTTis and Brooks

Wompntuck Stale Park Boundary / \/r Town Boundan

NORFOLK DATA SOURCES: RAM GROUP pvccli dim l^n pnjvidod by Ihe Town inch - 5W fcct base dala laycni courtesy of MBsaQlS, Stole Plane Coordiratt Sysicnv N'AD 19R3 I I I APPENDIX B I SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION

I Land Use Pollution Potential Matrix DRAFT Land Use/Associated Contaminants Matrix Quality Assurance Project Plan I Model Zone A Bylaw Revisions Proposed for Cohasset Inventory of Stormwater Drainage Systems Tributary to Lily Pond (Norfolk Ram I Group memo dated 04/02/02 including CIS Figures showing locations) I I I I I I I I I I I I I

I Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Source Water Assessment Program I January 1999 I Land Use Pollution Potential Matrix Under the Source Water Assessment Program (S"WAP), the State is required by EPA to create an inventory of potential contamination sources and evaluate their likelihood to adversely impact source I waters of public water supplies. The table below, which will be used in this inventory effort, presents land uses and activities considered to be significant potential sources of contamination to drinking water. Each land use has been ranked relative to its threat to the water quality (high, moderate, low), I considering the type of drinking water source (ground~water or surface water), When looking for a particular potential pollution threat, all land use categories should be reviewed, as some activities may oyerlap land use categories (i.e., pesticide use and storage), but may be listed under only one category.

I The ranking assigned to each of the land uses represents the relative risk it could potentially pose to a drinking water source compared to other land uses in the assessment area. The threat assigned to a particular land use was based on, but not limited to, the type and quantity of chemicals used or wastes I generated by the business, and the behavior and mobility of the pollutants in the soils and groundwater. The land uses considered potential contamination sources are those facilities that typically use, produce, or store contaminants of concern, which,' if managed improperly, could find their I way to a source of public drinking water. It is important to understand that a. release may never occur from the potential contamination source provided they are using best management practices (BMPs). If BMPs are in place, the actual risk posed by the activity may be lower th'an the ranking presented in this matrix. Many potential contamination sources are regulated at the federal, state and/or local levels, to further reduce the risk I of a release. • ' The land use pollution potential ranking matrix was originally created from a compilation of numerous I source protection documents published in New England, and the combined field experience of DEP staff from the Drinking Water.Program, Bureau of Waste Site Cleanup and tfie Bureau of Waste Prevention1. In addition, the advisory committees and other EOEA agencies provided significant input I during the drafting of the matrices. EPA has created a matrix which links land uses and the specific contaminants that may be associated with them. DEP plans to post this matrix on its web site and make it widely available as soon as the I final version is available from EPA this winter. I I I References;

1 CCAMP, AjBuide to Contamination Sources for Wellhead Protection^February 1989. MA DEP/DWS, Watershed_Resource Protection Self-Audit, May 8,1996. NEIWPCC, Source protection: A Guidance Manual for Small Surface Water Supplies In New England,, March 1996. EPA OTA, Protecting, the Nation's Groundwater from Contamination. October 1984. I I MA DEP/DWP, Making_WeIIheac[Protection Work in Massachusetts: A Guide forjjeyeloping Local Groundwater Protection Controls, December 1997. I EPA/ORD, Environmental Planning for Small Communities: Guide for Local, Decision-Makers, September 1994. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I LAND USE THREAT I AGRICULTURAL Groundwater Surface Water Dairy farms M H Fertilizer storage or use M M I Forestry Operations L M* Livestock Operations M H Landscaping ...• M M Manure spreading or storage H H I Nurseries M M Pesticide storage or use. H H • Slaughterhouses M H I Threat is low with an approved Chapter 132 forest management plan. I COMMERCIAL Groundwater Surface Water Airports H M I Auto repair shops H M Boat yards/buiiders H H Bus and Truck terminals H M I Car washes L L Cemeteries . M L Dry .cleaners H M Funeral homes ;;' L L I Furniture Stripping and Refinis'hing H M Gas/service stations H M Golf courses M M I Junkyards and Salvage yards H ,H Laundromats • L L Medical facilities M L I Nursing homes L L Paint s-hops H M Photo processors H M I Printer and Blueprint shops M M Railroad tracks and Yards H H Repair shops H M (engine, appliances, etc.) I Research' laboratories M M Rust proofers H H I Sand and Grave! mining/washing M M I I I I I I INDUSTRIAL Groundwater Surface Water Asphalt, Goal tar, and Concrete M M plants I Chemical manufacture or storage H H Electronics/ electrical manufacture H M Electro platers H M Food processors L L I Foundries or Metal fabricators M H Fuel oil distributors H H Gasification plants M H I (oil or coal) Hazardous waste storage, H H treatment and recycling . I Industrial lagoons and pits H H Hazardous materials storage H H Industrial parks H H I Jewelry or Metal plating H M Machine/metalworking shops •H M Metal and Drum H H cleaning/reconditioning I Nuclear power plants H H Paper manufacture H H Pharmaceutical manufacture .. H H I Plastic manufacture : ' H H RCRA TSDF facilities H H Storage facilities H ' H I (petroleum and chemical) Tanneries H H Textile manufacture H H I Wood preseiving facilities M M I RESIDENTIAL Groundwater Surface Water I Fuel oil storage M M Lawn care/Gardening M M I Septic systems/cesspools M M I 1 I I I I MISCELLANEOUS Groundwater Surface Water I Aboveground storage tanks M M Aquatic wildlife L H Clandestine dumping H H I Combined sewer overflow L H Composting facilities L M Dredge disposal'faciitties M H I Fire training facilities M : M Fishing/boating L M Landfills and Dumps H H Land application of sewage sludge M M I Large quantity hazardous waste H H generators Military facilities • H H I (past and present) NPDES locations L H Pipelines M M I (oil and sewer) Prisons M M Road and Maintenance depots M M Schools, colleges and universities .M M I Small quantity hazardous waste M L generators Snow dumps ;.•: M M I Stormwater. drains/ | ' L H Retention basins Tire dumps M • M I Transmission line right of ways L H Transportation corridors . M H Underground storage tanks H M I Utility substation transformers L M Very small quantity hazardous L L waste generators Waste incinerators M H I Waste transfer stations M M Wastewater treatment plants M H I Water treatment sludge lagoon M L

NOTE: These rankings may be revised in the future if additional information indicates I that the current ranking is inappropriate.

I H = High :; M = Moderate L = Low

I"t I I I

I Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Source Water Assessment Program I February 1999 I DRAFT Land Use/Associated Contaminants Matrix

I AGRICULTURAL Contaminants of Concern Livestock Operation MIC/IOC- nitrite nitrate I Dairy Farms MIC/IOC 2,4-0 nitrate gSyphosate nitrite dicamba lindane EPTC I methoxychlor Fertilizer Storage or Use IOC nitrite cyanide fluoride I nitrate Forestry Operations VOC naphthalene turbidity 2-m ethyl naphthalene benzene phenanthrene I toluene anthracene ethylbenzene lindane xylene I Manure Spreading or MIC/IOC nitrite Storage nitrate Nurseries soc dimethoate I methoxychior disulfoton carbaryl I - I I I I I I I I

I Pesticide/Herbicide Storage SOC atrazine-desethyl or Use alachior cyanazine aidicarb diazinon I aidicarb sulfoxide dimethoate aidicarb sulfone • disulfoton atrazine diuron carbofuran fonofos I 2,4 -D iinuron lindane terbufos methoxychlor terbacil I diquat .' molinate endothal 2,4, 6 trichioro phenol giyphosate methyl bromide h ex achioro benzene prometon I hexachlorocyclopentadiene nitrobenzene oxarnyl acetone picloram PCE I simazine TCE butachior xylene carbaryl 1,1,1,2 tetrachloro ethane I dicamba 1,3 dichloropropene 3-hydroxycarbofuran m-dichioro benzene methomyl nitrobenzene metoiachior chlorodibromomethane I metribuzin trichioro methane propachlor chioromethane ; endosulfan bromomethane I ; acetochior • selenium J aiachlor ESA Slaughterhouses MIC/IOC nitrite I . : nitrate arsenic I I I I I 1 I I DRAFT Land Use/Con1aminants Matrix I I COMMERCIAL Contaminants of Concern Airports VOC/SOC/IOC o-dichloro benzene I benzene 1.2DCE toluene chlorobenzene ethylbenzene 1,1,-lTCA I xylene 1.1 DCA n-propylbenzene 1.2 DCA naphthalene 1,1,2,2tetrachloroethane 2-methy (naphthalene PCE I phenanthrene TCE acetone methylene chloride MEK methoxychior I MIBK heptachloroepoxide MTBE endosulfan 1.2.4 trimethyibenzene cadmium ' 1.3.5 trimethyibenzene mercury I beryilium cumene 2,4-D nickel 2,4,5-TP phenol I dalapon . bro'mobenzene diquat - hexachforobutadiene glyphopsate I carbon tetrachloride Auto Repair Shops VOC/IOC/SOC chioro benzene .benzene tetrachioroethyiene toluene 1,1,1 TCA I ; ' ethylbenzene TCE xylene 1,1 DGA naphthalene - 1,2 DCA I 2-methyinaphthalene methylene chloride phenanthrene 1,2,3 trichlorobenzene acetone benzo(a)pyrene MEK dichlorodifluoromethane I M!BK acenaphthene MTBE acenaphthylene EDB anthracene I 1,2,4 trimethyibenzene benzo(a)anthracene arsenic benzo(b,j,k) fluoranthene barium benzo(g,h,l) perylene cadmium chrysene I chromium fluoranthene lead fiuorene mercury pyrene I zinc phenol PCBs chloro ethane o-dichioro benzene bromobenzene I 1,2 dichloroproparie hexachforobutadiene I I DRAFT Land Use/Contaminants Matrix I

I Boat Yards/Builders VOC/SOC/IOC tetrachloroethylene toluene 1,1.1 TCA benzene TCE I ethylbenzene 1.1 DCA xyiene 1.2 DCA naphthalene methyiene chloride I 2-methy (naphthalene 1,2 tri chloro benzene phenanthrene benzo(a)pyrene acetone dichiorodifluoromethane MEK acenaphthene I MIBK acenaphthylene MTBE anthracene EDB benzo(a)anthracene I 1,2,4 trimethy I benzene benzo(b,],k) fiuoranthene arsenic benzo{g,h,i) perylene barium chrysene cadmium fluoranthene I chromium fiuorene lead pyrene mercury phenol I zinc bromobenzene PCBs _ ' hexachlorobutadiene o-dichloro benzene 1,2 dichloropropane I chloro benzene Bus and Truck Terminals VOC/SOC/JOC tetrachloro ethyl en e .: toluene 1,1,1 TCA I benzene TCE ethylbenzene 1,1 DCA xyiene . 1,2 DCA I naphthalene methyiene chloride 2-methy {naphthalene 1,2,3 trichlorobenzene phenanthrene benzo(a)pyrene acetone dichiorodifluoromethane I MEK acenaphthene MIBK acenaphthylene MTBE anthracene I • EDB benzo(a)anthracene 1,2,4 trimethylbenzene benzo(b,j,k) fluoranthene arsenic ben2o(g,hj) perylene barium chrysene I cadmium fluoranthene chromium fiuorene lead pyrene I mercury phenol zinc chloromethane PCBs 1,3 dichioro pro pane o-dichJorobenzene hexachlorobutadiene I 1,2 dichloropropane 2-methylphenol chioro benzene I l DRAFT Land Use/Contaminants Matrix 4 I

I Car Washes SURF/VOC/SOC 2-methylnaphthalene toluene EDB benzene 1,2,4 trimethyfbenzene I ethylbenzene MTBE xylene . ' sodium naphthalene Cemeteries SOC/IOC dicamba I arsenic piclorarn atrazine diazinon 2,4-D pentachlorophenol I methoxychlor phenol glyphosate nitrate simazine nitrite carbaryl I 1,2 dichforo propane Dry Cleaners VOC PCE 1,1,1 TCA - TGE I Funeral Homes VOC phenol chloroform pent achloro phenol I Furniture Stripping and VOC/fOC carbon tetrachioride Refinishing methylene chloride MEK benzene MIBK chlorobenzene methyl bromide I o-dichlorobenzene acetone 1,2, OCA dimethyl phthalate ,;- 1,1 DCA pentachlorophenol I 1,2DCE . antimony 1,1 DCE barium 1,2 dichloropropane ..cadmium 1,1,1 TCA mercury I TCE lead toluene zinc xylene chromium I • phenol ethyl benzene 1,1,2,2 tetrachloro ethane I tetrachloroethane I I I I I I •DRAFT- Land Use/Contaminants Matrix Gas/Service Stations VOC/SOC/iOC chlorobenzene toluene tetrachloroethylene benzene 1,1,1 TCA ethyibenzene TCE xylene 1,1 DCA naphthalene 1.2DCA 2-methylnaphthalene methylene chloride phenanthrene 1, 2,3trichiorobenzene acetone benzo(a)pyrene MEK dichlorodifluoromethane MIBK acenaphthene MTBE acenaphthyiene EDB anthracene 1,2,4 trimethylbenzene benzo( a)anthracene arsenic benzo(b,,j,k) fiuoranthene barium benzo(g,h,i) perylene cadmium chrysene chromium fiuoranthene lead fluorene mercury pyrene zinc fluorotrichloromethane RGBs - 2-methylphenol o-dichiorobenzene 1,2 dichloropropane Golf Courses SOC/IOC picioram atrazine diazinon 1 2,4-D nitrate •' methoxychlor nitrite ; glyphosate arsenic simazine cadmium ' carbary! mercury dicamba cyanide

i

DRAFT Land Use/Contaminants Matrix 6 I

I 'Junk Yards and Salvage VOC/SOC/IOC o-dichlorobenzene Yards benzene 1,2 dichloropropane toluene chlorobenzene I ethylbenzene tetrachbroethylene xylene • 1,1,1TCA naphthalene TCE 2-methylnaphthaiene 1.1 DCA I phenanthrene 1.2 DC A acetone methyiene chloride MEK 1,2,3 trichlorobenzene I MSBK benzo(a)pyrene MTBE dichlorodifiuoromethane EDB - acenaphthene 1,2,4 trimethy[benzene acenaphthylene I arsenic anthracene barium benzo(a)anthracene cadmium benzo(b,j,k) fluoranthene I chromium benzo(g,h,i) perylene lead chrysene mercury fluoranthene I zinc fluorene PCBs ' pyrene Laundromats MIC/SURF/VOC TCE xylene 1,1,1 TCA I carbon tetrachloride boron benzene Medical Facilities fyllC/RAD/IOCA/OC p-dichlorobenzene legionelia styrene I : arsenic thallium benzene acetone bromoform . 1.2DCE I chloroform dichlorodifjuoromethane chromium trichlorofluoromethane 1,1 DCA epichlorohydrin I mercury 1,1,1,2 methyiene chloride tetrachioromethane phenanthrene 1,3 dichloropropane phenol radium 1 selenium iodine - silver manganese toluene 2,4,6 trichlorophenol I TCE 2,4 dintrophenol zinc 1,2 diphenylhydrazine pentachlorophenol 2 -methyiphenol I 1,1 dichioro benzene MTBE nitrobenzene I Nursing Homes MIC legioneIJa

l I DRAFT Land Use/Contaminants Matrix I

I Paint Shops VOC/IOC/SOC MiBK acetone methyl bromide methylene chloride dimethyl phthalate I benzene pentachioro phenol chloro benzene . antimony odichlorobenzene barium 1,2 DCA cadmium I 1.1 DCA mercury 1.2 DCE lead 1,1 DCE zinc I 1,2 dicrtforopropane chromium 1.1.1TCA PCE TCE ethylbenzene I toluene trichloromethane xylene 1,2,4 trimethylbenzene phenol cyanide 1,1,2,2 tetra chloro ethane di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate I TCE hexylphthalate carbon tetrachloride dichlorofluoromethane I MEK boron Photo Processors VOC/IOC/SOC silver cyanide diethyl phthalate 2,4 dinitrophenol phenol I cadmium selenium • Printer and Blueprint Shops VOC/IOC antimony .. ' barium cyanide I cadmium xylene chromium 1,1,1 TCA cobalt 1,1,2TCA I lead benzene selenium toluene MEK ' acetone MIBK 2, 4 dinitrophenol I methylene chloride naphthalene silver ethylbenzene TCE nitrate I PCE zinc curnene I ethylbenzene I I I Iv% I DRAFT Land Use/Contaminants Matrix I

I Railroad Tracks and Yards VOC/SOC/IOC o-dich!orobenzene 2,4-D 1 ,2 cKchloro'p'ropane glyphosate chlorobenzene I picioram tetrachloroethylene diquat - 1,1,1 TCA ethyl benzene TCE xylene 1,1 DCA I naphthalene 1,2 DCA 2-methyinaphthalene methylene chloride phenanthrene 1,2,3 trichlorobenzene I acetone benzo(a)pyrene MEK dichlorodiffuoromethane MJBK aeenaphthene MTBE acenaphthylene I EDB anthracene 1 ,2,4 trimethylbenzene benzo(a)anthracene arsenic benzo(b,j,k) fluoranthene I barium benzo(g,h,i) perylene cadmium chrysene chromium fluoranthene I lead fluorene mercury. pyrene zinc bro mo benzene PCBs ; I Repair Shops (Small VOC dichlorodifluoromethane Engine, Appliances, etc.) benzene 1,1,2,2 tetrachioroethane ,i carbon tetrachloride acetone 6-dichloro benzene naphthalene I |T 1,2 dicriioropropane mercury chloro benzene thallium •1,1,1 TCA antimony I TCE methyie'ne chloride toiuene 1,2,4 trichlorobenzene 1,1 DCA methyl bromide I 1,2 DCA nitrobenzene fluorotrichloromethane Research Laboratories VOC/SOC/ . benzene MIC/RAD/IOC 1,1 DCA I silver styrene pyrene toluene phenanthrene TCE . I methylene chloride pentachiorophenol acetone dichlorodifluoromethane thallium uranium I selenium manganese arsenic Rust Proofers VOC/IOC phenol \ zinc 1,1,1,2 tetrachioroethane I Sand and Grave! VOC xylene Mining/Washing benzene naphthalene toluene 2-methylnaphthalene' I __ ethylbenzene phenanthrene I I DRAFT Land Use/Contammants Matrix I I INDUSTRIAL Contaminants of Concern Asphalt, Coal Tar, and voc/soc dichbrodffiuoro methane Concrete Plants TCE acenaphthene I acenaphthylene 1,1,1 TCA 1.2DCE anthracene methylene chloride benzo(a)anthracene I chloroform benzo(bj,k) fiuoranthene MEK benzo(g,h,i) perylene toluene chrysene I ethylbenzene fiuoranthene xylene fluorene naphthalene pyrene 2-methy/naphtha/ene sulfate I phenanthrene I benzo(a)pyrene. I I I I I I I I I 1 I*• DRAFT Land Use/Contaminants Matrix 10 I

I Chemical Manufacture or VOC/SOC/iOC hexachlorobutadiene Storage benzene 1,2,3 trichlorobenzene toluene p-dichlorobenzene xylene bromobenzene I TCE 1,3,-dichloropropene methyiene chloride chioromethane hexachloro benzene chlorobenzene I dioxin acrylamide . o-dichiorobenzene epichtorohydrin 1,2 DCA hexachioropentadiene I 1.1 DCA diethyi phthalate 1.2 DCE di(2-ethylhexyi)phthaiate 1,2 dichioropropane bromodichloromethane ethyibenzene dibromo methane I PCE 1,1,1 TCA •vinyl chloride toluene tribro mo methane MTBE I 1,1,2,2' tetrachloroethane MEK mercury MIBK acetone nitrate phenol antimony I silver barium 1,1,2TCA nickel 2,4 dichlorophe.no! alumimum I 2,4 dinitrotoluene chromium methyl .bromide nicke! . chromium zinc i sodium cyanide I styrene ,:• MEK MIBK . cumene naphthalene bis 2 chloro ethyl ether I nickel p-chlbroaniiine nitrate 2,4 dimethylphenol chlorobenzene methyl mercury I MTBE 2- methylnaphthalene antimony 2,4,5 trichioro phenol barium 2,4,6.trichlorophenol ' - chromium 2,6 nitrotoluene I lead nitrobenzene tert butylbenzene sodium I sec butylbenzene I I i DRAFT Land Use/Contaminants Matri> 11 I

I Electronics Manufacture VOC/IOC/SOC barium . carbon tetrachloride arsenic TCE silver PCE selenium I arsenic zinc mercury nickel antimony cyanide I beryllium chromium thallium cadmium acetone barium I MEK .' nitrate toluene di(2-ethy!hexyl)phthaiate xylene dichiorofluoro methane methyiene chloride 2-methylpheno! I styrene '' lead • Electroplaters VOC/1OC 1,2 DCA I carbon tetrachloride 1,1,2,2 tetrachloroethane 1,2 dichloropropane cadmium chlorobenzene chromium PCE cyanide I nickel 1,1,1 TCA TCE phenol o-dichlorobenzene I 1,1 DCA Food Processors MIC/IOC xylene / ' nitrate zinc I nickel phenol barium bromomethane Foundries or Metal VOC/IOC/SOC . acetone Fabricators carbon tetrachloride phenol I 1,2 DCA TCE 1,1 DCA toluene 1,2 dichioropropane MEK I chlorobenzene MIBK PCE xyiene 1,1,1 TCA ethylbenzene .1,1,2,2 TCA nitrate I ' naphthalene dichlorofluoromethane arsenic hexachlorobenzene cadmium di(2-ethyihexyr)pbthalaie I chromium styrene antimony dimethyl phthaiate cyanide sodium I selenium manganese nickel boron methyiene chloride aluminum antimony o-dichiorobenzene I •• zinc trichlorofluoromethane barium 1,1, 2 TCA silver pyridine • lead I'

i I i DRAFT Land Use/Contaminants Matrix 13 I

Hazardous Waste Storage, VOC/SOC/IOC selenium I Treatment and Recycling RGBs antimony pentachloropheno! beryllium hexachlorobenzene cyanide' I benzene nickel carbon tetrachloride thallium o-dichlorobenzene lead p-dichlorobenzene acetone I 1,2 DCA di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 1.1 DCA 2-chiorophenol 1.2 DCE .fluorene I 1,1 DCE hexachloro ethane 1, 2 dichloropropane MEK ethylbenzene MIBK I chlorobenzene methyiene chloride styrene phenanthrene PCE phenol 1,1,1 TCA p'yrene I TCE silver toluene 1.2.4 trichlorobenzene vinyl chloride 1,1,2trichloroethane I xylene 2,4,6 trichlorophenol Mbromomethane' 2,4 dlch/orophenol 1,1,2,2 tetrachloroethane 2,4dinitrophenol 1,2,3 trichloropro'pane methyl bromide I zinc naphthalene fluorotrichldromethane p-chiorotoluene dichlorofiuoromethane bromobenzene I asbestos 1.3.5 trimethylbenzene arsenic 1,2,3 trichloro benzene • barium n-butyl benzene I cadmium hexachlorobutadiene chromium cumene I mercury I I I I I I DRAFT Land Use/Contaminants Matrix 14 I I

Industrial Lagoons and Pits VOC/SOC/IOC barium I PCBs cadmium pentachlorophenol chromium hexachloro benzene mercury I benzene selenium carbon tetrachJorlde antimony o-dichlorobenzene beryllium p-dichlorobenzene cyanide I nickel 1,2 DCA 1.1 DCA thallium 1.2 DCE . lead I 1,1 DCE acetone 1,2 dichloropropane di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate ethyl benzene 2-chlorophenol I chlorobenzene fluorene styrene hexachloroethane PCE MEK 111TCA MIBK I TCE methylene chloride toluene phenanthrene vinyl chloride phenol I xylene pyrene tribromo methane silver 1,1,2,2 tetrachloroethane 1,2,4 trichlorobenzene I 1,2,3 trichloropropane 1,1,2 trichloroethane naphthalene 2,4,6 trichloropheno! fluorotrichlbromethane 2,4 dichiorophenol dichlorofluoromethane 2,4dinitrophenol I ,! asbestos methyl bromide • I asenic zinc I I I I I I I DRAFT Land Use/Contaminants Matrix 15 I I

Industrial Parks VOC/SOC/IOC beryllium I PCBs cyanide pentachlorophenol nickel hexachforobenzene thallium I benzene lead carbon tetrachioride acetone o-dichlorobenzene di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate I p-dichlorobenzene 2-chiorophenol 1,2 DCA fiuorene 1.1 DCA hexachloroethane 1.2 DCE MEK I 1,1 DCE MIBK * 1,2dichloropropane methylene chloride ethylbenzene phenanthrene I chlorobenzene phenol styrene pyrene PCE silver 1,1,1 TCA 1,2,4 trichlorobenzene I 1,1,2 trichloroethane TCE toluene 2,4,6trichlorophenoi vinyl chloride 2,4 dichiorophenol I xylene 2,4 dinitrophenol tribromomethane methyl bromide 1,1,2,2 tetrachlorqethane zinc I 1,2,3 trichloropropane dimethyl phthalate naphthalene diethyl phthalate fluorotrichl'oro methane nitrate dichlorofluoro methane aluminum I asbestos aery! amide asenic 1,3 dichloropropane barium epichlorohydrin I • cadmium .,2,4 trimethylbenzene chromium 1.3.5 trimethylbenzene mercury 1,2 diphenylhydrazine selenium aiuminum I antimony I I I I I I I DRAFT Land Use/Contaminants Matrix 16 1 1 Jewelry or Metalplating VOC/IOC lead • carbon tetrachioride siiver 1,2 dichloropropane zinc chlorobenzene nitrate 1 PCE toluene 1,1,1-TCA xylene TCE methylene chloride o-dichlorobenzene MEK 1^w 1,1 DCA M!BK - 1,2 DCA acetone 1,1,2,2 tetrachloro ethane ethylbenzene 1 cadmium ' o-dichlorobenzene chromium trichlorofiuoromethane cyanide 1,1,2TCA 1 nickel pyridine phenol barium aluminum Machine/ Metalworking VOC/IOC silver Shops carbon tetrachioride barium 1,2 DCA lead 1 1,1 DCA - zinc 1,2 dichloropropane nitrate chlorobenzene styrene 1 PCE ethylbenzene 1,1,1FTCA MEK 1,1 ,2,2 tetrachloro ethane MIBK 1 "• naphthalene toluene • (: arsenic acetone cadmium PCE chromium ' TCE 1 antimony xylene cyanide • nitrobenzene selenium o-dichlorobenzene nickel trichlorofiuoromethane methylene chloride 1,1,2 TCA 1 phenol pyridine 1 1 1 ^^fWt £$&v&

I^SSpr • 1 DRAFT Land Use/Contaminants Matrix 17 1 I

Metal and Drum VOC/SOC/IOC barium I Cleaning/Reconditioning PCBs cadmium pentachlorophenol chromium hexachlorobenzene mercury I benzene selenium carbon tetrachloride antimony o-dichlorobenzene beryllium p-dichlorobenzene cyanide I 1,2 DCA nickel 1.1 OCA, thallium. 1.2 DCE lead I 1,1 DCE acetone 1,2 dichloropropane di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate ethylbenzene 2-ch (era phenol chlorobenzene fluorene I hexachlo methane styrene PCE MEK 1,1,1 TCA MIBK I TCE methylene chloride toluene phenanthrene vinyl chloride phenol I xylene pyrene tribromo methane silver 1,1,2,2 tetrachloroethane 1,2,4 trichlorobenzene 1,2,3 trichloropropane 1,1,2trichloroethane I 2,4,6 trich\oTOpheno\ fluorotrichioromethane 2,4 dichlorophenol diehlorofiuoromethane 2,4 dinitrophenol I asbestos methyl bromide asenic . zinc Nuclear Power Plants MIC/RAD/IOC cadmium I radium 226 uranium radium 228 beryllium radium 222 strontium Gross Beta boron I Gross Alpha vanadium Paper Manufacture VOC/IOC xylene aluminum toluene I antimony phenol zinc MEK Pharmaceutical VOC/SOC 1,3 dichloropropane I Manufacture dichlorodifluoromethane nitrobenzene methyiene chloride manganese I trichlorofluoromethane I I I DRAFT Land Use/Contaminants Matrix 18 I

Piastic Manufacture VOC/SOC/IOC toluene I aiurninurn 1,2,4 trimethylbenzene antimony xytene barium zinc I methylene chloride PCE diethyl phthaiate TCE epichlorohydrin difiuorochioromethane I ethylbenzene cyanide lead nickel MEK chromium MIBK cadmium- I nitrate silver phenol acetone styrene I RCRA TSDF Facilities VOC/SOC/IOC barium RGBs cadmium pentachlorophenol chromium hexachiorobenzene mercury I benzene selenium carbon tetrachioride antimony o-dichlorobenzene beryllium I p-dich!oro benzene cyanide 1,2 DCA nickel 1.1 DCA . thallium I 1.2 DCE lead 1,2 DCE acetone '1,1 DCE di(2-ethyihexyl)phthalate 1,2 dichloropropane 2-chlorophenol I ethylbenzene fluorene chlorobenzene hexachloroethane styrene MEK I PCE MiBK 1,1,1 TCA methylene chloride TCE phenanthrene toluene phenol I vinyi chloride pyrene xylene ' silver tribro mo methane 1,2, 4 trichlorobenzene I 1,1,2,2 tetrachloroethane 1,1, 2 trich!oroethane 1,2,3 trichioropropane 2,4,6 trichlorophenol naphthalene 2,4 dichiorophenol fluorotrichloromethane 2 ,4 dinitrophenol I dichlorofluoromethane methyl bromide asbestos zinc I asenic I I I 19 I DRAFT Land Use/Contaminants Matrix I

. Tanneries VOC/iOC/SOC dimethyl phthalate I phenanthrene benzene o-dichlorobenzene • '2,4,6 trichlorophenol p-dichlorbenzene 2,4 dichiorophenol I toluene zinc naphthalene peritachlorophenol arsenic cyanide I chromium cadmium anthracene di(2-ethylhexyl)ph£ha!ate Textile Manufacture VOC/IOC phenol I antimony xylene . chromium ' M1BK . barium TCE I lead MEK zinc toluene Wood Preserving Facilities SOC/IOC naphthalene 2,4 dinitrophenol cadmium I arsenic pentachlorophenol anthracene chromium I aldrin I I I I I I I I I I I DRAFT Land Use/Contaminants Matrix 20 RESIDENTIAL Contaminants of Concern Fuel Oil Storage VOC/SOC/IOC ethylbenzene pyrene xylene fluorene / toluene fluoranthene arsenic benzoanthracene cadmium chrysene chromium benzo(a)pyrene lead phenanthrene nickel naphthalene zinc 2-methylnaphthalene' vanadium benzene MTBE xylene MIBK - dibenzo(a,h)anthracene Lawn Care SOC/IOC' carbaryl atrazine arsenic 2,4 -D mercury methoxychlor diazinon . glyphosphate dicamba Septic Systems/Cesspools MIC/VOC/1OC 1,1,1 TCA nitrate PCE nitrite • carbon tetrachloride benzene phenol toluene MEK : xylene MIBK . ' ethylbenzene styrene MTBE p-dichlorobenzene TCE naphthalene acetone cyanide fluoride silver methy/ene chloride sulfate

I

DRAFT Land Use/Contaminants Matrix 21 I I MISCELLANEOUS Contaminants of Concern Aboveground Storage voc/soc/ioc ethylbenzene Tanks pyrene. xylene I fiuorene toluene fluoranthene arsenic be nzo anthracene cadmium I chrysene . chromium benzo(a)pyrene lead phenanthrene nickel I naphthalene zinc 2-methylnaphthalene vanadium benzene MTBE xylene MIBK I dibenzo(a,h)anthracene Aquatic Wildlife MIC Clandestine Dumping VOC/SOC/)OC barium I PCBs cadmium pentachiorophenot chromium hexachiorobenzene mercury benzene selenium I carbon tetrachloride antimony o-dichlorobenzene beryllium p-dichlorobenzene cyanide I 1,2 DCA nickel 1,1,DCA thallium 1,2 DCE lead I 1,1 DCE acetone '' 1,2 dichloropropane di(2-ethy!hexyl)phthalate ethylbenzene 2-chlorophenol chloro benzene fiuorene I styrene . hexachloroethane PCE MEK 1,1,1 TCA MIBK I TCE methylene chloride toluene phenanthrene vinyl chloride phenol xylene pyrene I tribromomethane silver 1,1,2,2 tetrachioroethane 1,2,4 trichlorobenzene 1,2,3 trichloropropane 1,1,2trich!oroethane I naphthalene 2,4,6 tri chloro phenol fluorotrichloromethane 2,4 dichlorophenoi dichlorofluoromethane 2,4 dinitrophenol I asbestos methyl bromide asenic zinc I I I I DRAFT Land Use/Contaminants Matrix 22 I

Combined Sewer Outfalls MIC/IOC/SOC cyanide I selenium VOC nitrate silver nitrite mercury I TCE lead benzene acenaphthene toluene acenaphthylene I ethylbenzene anthracene xylene benzo(a)anthracene MTBE benzo(b,k)fluoranthene benzo(a)pyrene benzo(g,h!i)perylene I naphthalene chrysene dichlorodifluoromethane fluoranthene arsenic fluorene I barium 2-methylnaphthaIene cadmium pryene- chromium Composting Facilities MIC/IOC nitrite I nitrate Dredge Disposal Facilities IOC mercury arsenic nickel I cadmium, PCBs chromium vanadium copper zinc I lead Fire Training Facilities VOC/IQC/SOC tetrachloroethylene •/. ' toluene 1,1,1 TCA •! ethylbenzene TCE I ; PCE • xylene benzene .1,1 DCA naphthalene 1.2 DCA I 2-methylnaphthalene methylehe chloride phenanthrene 1,2, 3 trichlorobenzene acetone benzo(a)pyrene MEK dichlorodifluoromethane I acenaphthene MIBK MBTE acenaphthylene EDB anthracene I 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene benzo(a)anthracene arsenic benzo(b,j,k) fluoranthene barium benzo(g,h,i) perylene I cadmium chrysene chromium fluoranthene lead fluorene mercury pyrene I chromodibromo methane zinc PCBs fluorotrichloromethane o-dictorobenzene bromodichloromethane I 1,2 dichloro pro pane dichlorodifluoromethane § chloro benzene ^*ji I DRAFT Land Use/Contaminants Matrix 23 I I

I Fishing/Boating VOC/MIC beryllium benzene hexachloraethane toluene •MEK xylene M1BK I ethylbenzene methylene chloride Landfills and Dumps voc/soc/ hexachloroethane IOC carbon tetrachloride I styrene 1,1 DCE nitrate 1.2DCE sulfate chlorobenzene I arsenic 1,4 dichlorobenzene barium MEK cadmium MIBK chromium hexachlorobenzene I cyanide benzene lead dichlorodifluoromethane mercury RGBs I selenium methylene chloride silver TCE Land Application of Sewage IOC/SOC silver I Sludge seienium cadmium. chromium endrin barium . lindane I arsenic methoxychlor lead toxaphene I ,: ' mercury RGBs I I I I I I I DRAFT Land Use/Contaminants Matrix 24 I

I Large Quantity Hazardous VOC/SOC/IOC beryllium Waste Generator PCBs cyanide pentachlorophenol nickel I hexachlorobenzene thallium benzene lead carbon tetrachloride acetone o-dichlorobenzene di(2-ethylhexyi)phthalate I p-dichlorobenzene 2-chlorophenol 1,2 DCA fluorene 1,1 DCA hexachloroethane I 1.2DCE MEK 1,1 DCE MIBK 1,2 dichloropropane methylene chloride ethylbenzene phenanthrene I chiora benzene phenol styrene pyrene PCE silver I 1,1,1 TCA 1,2,4 trichlorobenzene TCE 1,1,2trichloroethane- toluene 2,4,6trichlorophenol I vinyl chloride 2,4 dichlorophenol xylene 2,4 dinitrophenol tribromomethane' methyl bromide 1,1,2,2 tetrachIoroethane zinc I 1,2,3 trichlorqpropane dimethyl phthalate naphthalene diethyl phthalate fluorotrichlo'romethane nitrate I dichlorofluoromethane aluminum >, ' asbestos acrylamide asenic 1,3 dichloropropane barium epichlorohydrin I 'cadmium 1.2.4 trimethylbenzene chromium 1.3.5 trimethylbenzene mercury 1,2 diphenylhydrazine I selenium aluminum I antimony I I I I I DRAFT Land Use/Contaminants Matrix 25 I I

Military Facilities VOC/SOC/ methylene chloride I IOC phenanthrene PCBs 2,4 dinitrophenol benzene 2,4 dinitrotoiuene I ethylbenzene '• RDX TCE •4 nitrophenol PCE cyanide 1,1,1 TCA selenium I toluene antimony xylene acetone EDB zinc I 1.2.4 trimethy!benzene lead curnene cadmium naphthalene chromium 1.3.5 trimethylbenzene • barium I n-propylbenzene arsenic . beryllium alumimum hexachloroethane vanadium I MEK di(2-ethy]hexy))phthalate MTBE endosulfan , 2-methylnaphthalene 2,6 dinitrotoiuene I MiBK NPDES Locations MIC/IOC/VOC cyanide nitrate mercury nitrite lead I TCE selenium 1 benzene sulfate toluene acenaphthene I ethyibenzene acenaphthyfene / -' xyiene anthracene .MTBE benzo(a)anthracene benzo(a)pyrene benzo(b,k)fluoranthene I naphthalene benzo(g,'h,i)perylene dichlorodifluoromethane chrysene arsenic fluoranthene I barium fluorene silver 2-methyinaphthalene cadmium pyrene I chromium I I I I

I DRAFT Land Use/Contaminan1s Matrix 26 I I

Pipelines VOC/SOC/IOC cadmium . I (OH and Sewer) pyrene chromium fluorene lead fluoranthene nickel I benzo(a)anthracene zinc chrysene vanadium benzo(a)pyrene MTBE phenanthrene MIBK I naphthalene cum en e 2-methylnaphthaiene methylene chloride benzene MEK I xyiene TCE dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 1,1,1 TCA ethylbenzene PCE I xyiene 1,2,4 trimethylbenzene toluene arsenic Prisons MIC/VOC methylene chloride I benzene 1,1 DCA carbon tetrachloride 1,2 DC A 1,1 DCE naphthalene I ethyl benzene . acetone 1,1,1 TCA- MEK toluene , MIBK • xyiene I TCE Road and Maintenance VOC/IOC/SOC o-dichlorobenzene Depots - benzene 1,2 dichloropropane I I ' toluene monochlorobenzene ethylbenzene tetrachforoethylene xyiene 1,1,1 TCA I naphthalene TCE 2-methylnaphthalene 1,1 DCA phenanthrene 1,2 DCA acetone methylene chloride I MEK 1,2,3 trichlorobenzene MIBK benzo(a)pyrene MTBE dichloro'difluoromethane I EDB acenaphthene 1,2,4 trim ethylbenzene acenaphthylene arsenic anthracene barium benzo(a)anthracene I cadmium benzo(b,j,k) fluoranthene chromium benzo(g,h,i) perylene lead chrysene I mercury fluoranthene zinc fluorene I PCBs " pyrene

I DRAFT Land Use/Contaminants Matrix 27 I I

I Schools, Colleges and VOC/1OC/SOC methylene chioride Universities benzene 1,2 trichlorobenzene toluene benzo(a)pyrene ethylbenzene dichlorodifluoromethane I xylene acenaphthene naphthalene acenaphthylene 2-methyfnaphthalene anthracene I acetone benzo(a)anthracene MEK benzo(bj,k) fluoranthene MIBK benzo(g,h,i) perylene MTBE chrysene I EDB fiuoranthene 1 ,2,4 trimethylbenzene ffuorene arsenic pyrene I barium phenol cadmium chloroethane chromium bromobenzene I lead hexachlorobutadiene mercury silver zinc thallium PCBs selenium I o-dichlorobenzene manganese 1,2 dichioro pro pane uranium chloro benzene styrene I tetrachloroethylene phenanthrene 1.1.1JCA indeno( 1 ,2,3-cd)pyrene , • T.CE penfachlorophenol - : 1,1 DCA cyanide I 1,2 DCA I I I I I I

S! I DRAFT Land Use/Contaminanfs Matrix 28 I I I Smai! Quantity Hazardous VOC/IOC/SOC 1.1 DCA Waste Generator benzene 1.2 DCA toluene methylene chloride ethylbenzene 1,2,3 trichlorobenzene I xylene benzo(a)pyrene naphthalene dichibrodifiuoromethane 2-methylnaphthalene acenaphthene I phenanthrene acenaphthylene acetone anthracene MEK benzo(a)anthracene MIBK benzo(b,j,k) fluoranthene I MTBE benzo(g,h,i) .perylene - EDB . chrysene 1,2,4 trimethylbenzene fiuoranthene I arsenic fiuorene • barium pyrene cadmium phenol chromium chloroethane I lead bro mo benzene mercury . hexachloro butadiene zinc carbon tetrachloride I PCBs f I uo rotri chto ro m eth a n e o-dfchforo benzene 1,1,2,2, tetrach/oroethane 1,2 dichioropropane thallium chioro benzene antimony I 1,2,4 trichlorobenzene tetrachloroethylene •1,1,tTCA methyl bromide nitrobenzene I Snow Dumps IOC/VOC toluene sodium xylene benzene ethylbenzene I Stormwater Drains/ MIC/IOCA/OC/SOC chromium Retention Basins nitrate mercury nitrite lead TCE acenaphthene I benzene acenaphthyiene toluene anthracene ethylbenzene benzo{a)anthracene I xylene benzofbj.^fluoranthens MTBE benzo(g,h,i)perylene benzo(a)pyrene chrysene I naphthalene fiuoranthene dichlorodifluoromethane fiuorene arsenic 2-methy!naphtha!ene barium pryene I cadmium I

I I^ I I DRAFT Land Use/Contaminants Matrix 29 I

Tire Dumps VOC/SOC benzo( a) anthracene I benzene benzo(a)pyrene toluene benzo(b) fluoranthene ethylbenzene chrysene I xylene dibenzo(a,h) anthracene naphthalene fluoranthene 2-methylnaphthalene fluorene phenanthrene indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene I acenaphthalate pyrene acenaphthene anthracene I Transmission Line Right-of- SOC picloram Ways • glyphosate Transportation Corridors VOC/IOC/SOC benzo(a)pyrene glyphosate acenaphthene I acenaphthylene picforam benzene anthracene toluene benzo(a)anthracene I ethylbenzene benzo(bj,k) fluoranthene xylene .benzo(g,h,l) peryJene naphthalene chrysene I 2-methylnaphthalene fluoranthene phenanthrene fluorene 1,2.4 trimethyl benzene pyrene Underground Storage VOC/S.OG/IOC ethyibenzene I Tanks pyr.ene xylene fluorene toluene fluoranthene arsenic - I , benzo(a)anthracene cadmium chrysene chromium benzo(a)pyrene lead phenanthrene nickel I naphthalene zinc 2-methylnaphthalene vanadium benzene MTBE I xylene MIBK dibenzo(a,h)anthracene Utility Substation VOC 1,1 biphenyl I Transformers PCBs 1,2,4 trichiorobenzene I 1,2,3 trichiorobenzene I I

T I"

I DRAFT Land Use/Contaminants Matrix 30 I I

Very Small Quantity VOC/IOC/SOC 1.1 DCA I Generators benzene 1.2 DCA toluene methylene chloride ethylbenzene 1,2,3 trichlorobenzene I xyiene benzp(a)pyrene naphthalene dichlorodifluoromethane 2-methylnaphthaiene acenaphthene phenanthrene acenaphthylene I acetone anthracene MEK benzo{a)anthracene MIBK benzo(b,j,k) fluoranthene I MTBE . benzo(g,h,i) perylene EDB chrysene 1,2,4 trimethylbenzene fluoranthene arsenic fluorene I barium pyrene cadmium phenol . chromium chloroethane I lead bromo benzene mercury hexachlorobutadiene zinc carbon tetrachloride RGBs fluorotrichioromethane I 5 o-dichioro benzene 1,1,2,2, tetrachloroethane 1,2 dichloropropane thallium chlorobenzene antimony I tetrachloroethylene 1,2,4 trichlorobenzene 1,1,1'TCA rnethyl bromide TCE nitrobenzene I Waste Incinerators SOC cyanide chrysene 2,4 dinitrophenol hexachloro ethane n-propyi benzene ideno(1,2,3-c,d} pyrene I Waste Transfer Stations TCE VOC/IOC styrene carbon tetrachloride nitrate 1.1 DCE I sulfate 1.2 DCE arsenic chlorobenzene barium MEK I cadmium MIBK chromium methylene chloride cyanide benzene lead I mercury I silver I 1

I DRAFT Land Use/Contaminants Matrix 31 I I

Wastewater Treatment VOC/IOC/MIC copper I Plants methylene chloride mercury nitrite selenium nitrate silver I arsenic zinc barium suifate cadmium trichloromethane chromium 1,2,3 trichloro benzene I n- propyi benzene cyanide lead Water Treatment Sludge IOC arsenic I Lagoons manganese radon I • aluminum I I I I I I I I I I I I 32 I DRAFT Land Use/Contaminants Matrix INUKI- ULK KA CKUNfltN I PAGE 02 I I I I I QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN (QAPP) Source Water Protection Technical Assistance Grant Project #99-04 Norfolk Environmental I Develop Protection Plan for Aaron River Reservoir and Lily Pond

I Prepared by Department of Environmental Protection 10/200Z I Funded by Drinking Water State Revolving Fund 1999 Set Asides I I I

I DEC 4 2001

I ENVIRONMENTAL I I I I I I I I I DEP Contacts

_ A)OO O I Kathy Romero^ Source Water Protection Technical Assistance Grant Manager Date & Project Officer for Driaking Water Program I One Winter St., Boston, MA 02108 617-292-5727 i — ' '" • —? "•—• — i™————«.——•*•< *— '*r f) Nicholas Atiastas, Quality Assurance Date DEP (Office of Research and Standards i One Winter St., Boston, MA 02)08 617-556-1157 irantee Contact

_ • • Lew Reel NorfolkVEnvironmental Date • 1244 Broadway, Raynham, MA 02767 (508) 822-5500 i i i i i i Hi lift I*$?ip I ' I I I I Table of Contents I A- Project Management Al. QAPP Distribution List 4 A2. Project Communication/Organization Flow Chart 5 I A3. Project Responsibilities 6 A4. Problem Definition 7 AS. Project Description • 7 I A6. Quality Objectives 7 A7, Training Requirements 9 AS. Documentation and Records 9

I B. Measurement and Acquisition I Bl. Sampling Design 9 B2. Sampling Methods , ' 9 B3. Chain of Custody/Sample Tracking 9 B4. Analytical Methods 9 I B5. Quality Control 9 B6. Instrument/Equipment Testing, Inspection'and Maintenance 10 B7- Instrument Calibration and Frequency . '10 I B8. Acceptance Requirements for Consumables 10 B9. Data Acquisition Requirements 10 I B10. Data Management 10 C, Assessment and Oversight I Cl. Assessment and Response Actions 10 C2. Reports to Management 10 I IX Data Validation and Usability

Dl. Data Evaluation 10 I 02. Use of Verified Data 11 D3. Reconciliation with User Requirements .. 11

I Attachment A ' Map of Potential Threats to Watershed Quality Attachment B Source Water Assessment Program Fact Sheet Attachment C Toxikon's Comprehensive Quality Assurance Plan I Attachment D Norfolk's Standard Operating Procedure for Surface Water Sampling I Attachment E Norfolk's Sampling Plan I I I • A. Project Management

AJU QAPP Distribution List I . MP

Nicholas Anastas, Office of Research and Standards (ORS), Boston I Kathy Romero, Drinking Water Program, Boston i Grantee i Lew Reed, Project Officer, Norfolk Environmental i i i i I i i i i i i

li% C?o^f | ?'t$?-§ ^^ I I I I A4- Problem Definition The potential contamination of Lily Ponds the sole surface water supply for the Town of Cohasset, has been the subject of studies which indicate that the source is susceptible to I contamination from landfills, septic systems, oil and chemical spills and leaks, road salt and land development within the watershed. The development of a protection plan will significantly enhance the protection of Aaron River Reservoir and Lily Pond by providing a full I understanding of the sources and pathways of contamination to the source and identifying ways to effectively prevent thefn from contaminating the water supply. Potential threats to water I quality and sampling locations have been mapped on Attachment A- The results of the project will be made available to the South Coastal and Boston Harbor Basin I Teams to use in developing their Annual Work Plan. I DEP's Drinking Water Program staff will review the project data and incorporate it into the objectives of the Massachusetts Source Water Assessment Program (described in Attachment B).

I AS. Project Description Project #99-04 involves developing a Surface Water Supply Protection Plan for the Aaron River I Reservoir and Lily Pond. A very small component of the project involves water quality sampling to assist in identifying areas of immediate concern for action. Tasks include;

I a) selecting sampling points; b) collecting water samples; and I c) testing water samples for contaminants of concern. I Sampling locations are outlined on Attachment A. A6, Quality Objectives

I PARCCS Objectives Data quality objectives are developed on a project-specific basis considering Precision, I Accuracy, Representativeness, Comparability, Completeness and Sensitivity, commonly referred to by the acronym PARCCS. PARCCS objectives have been developed for the analysis of surface waters for this project. These objectives are based on project objectives., historical data, I analytical requirements and other published guidelines as they relate to this project.

Precision I Precision is a measure of the reproducibility of individual measurements of the same property I I I NUHhDLK RA

I Representativeness Representativeness is the degree to which 'a single measurement. is indicative of the characteristics of a larger sample or it is the extent to which the environmental measurements obtained represent the true environmental conditions at the location being monitored. Field duplicates will be used as a measure of representativeness. I Comparability Comparability is a qualitative measure of the confidence one has in comparing data sets between I or among each other. Using standardized methods and adhering closely with the quality data' objectives outlined in this section for this project will promote comparability among data sets.

I Completeness Completeness is a comparison between the total amount of data projected to be collected, and the actual data collected judged to be usable .for the project. Deficiencies in completeness may be due to sampling technique, poor accuracy or precision, lab error or other circumstances. The completeness goal for this project is 90%. • Sensitivity i Method Detection Limits (MDL) are used to evaluate the sensitivity of analysis. Method detection limits are statistically derived values determined by running a series of standards close i to the putative method detection limits and multiplying the calculated standard deviation by the i i i iLji\r LJi_h\ r-tH "-nui SI-ICLM i H h'fttsb. I concentrations analyzed. The Reporting Limit is calculated by multiplying the MDL by a factor I of between 3 and 10 to reflect the uncertainty around the MDL. This project's quality assurance objectives for precision, accuracy acid reporting are found in Section 5 of Attachment C. Method I - reporting limits aie listed in Tables 5-5. through 5-20 and precision and accuracy objectives are listed in Tables 5-21 through 5-39,

m A7. Training Requirements Norfolk Environmental staff has been trained to collect -water samples according to the company's I Standard Operating Procedure for Surface Water Sampling (Attachment D).

M AS/ Documentation and Records

Data reporting requirements and sample forms are provided on rjages 11. through, 16 of Section • 12, Attachment C.

• B. Measurement and Acquisition

Bl. Sampling Design

• ,. Tb.e grantee's sampling plan, including sampling parameters, is provided, as Attachment E. A ..' map of sampHng locations is provided as Attachment A.

B2. Sampling Methods

| The grantee's sampling methods are discussed in Attachment E.

M B3. Chain of Custody and Sample Tracking

Chain of Custody procedures and sample forms are provided in Section 7 of Attachment C.

™ B4. Analytical Methods

| Analytical methods are described in Attachment E.

• B5. Quality Control

Laboratory quality control objectives and procedures are discussed in Sections 13-14 of Attao.toe.ntC.

I< I I I • B6. Instrumentation/Equipment Testing, Inspection and Maintenance

Laboratory testing, inspection and preventive maintenance are discussed in. Section 10 of I Attachment C.

_ B7. Instrument Calibration and Frequency

Laboratory calibration procedures are discussed in Section, 9 of Attachment C.

™ BS. Acceptance Requirements for Consumables Not applicable

B9- Data Acquisition Requirements • • Not applicable

BIO. Data Management

• Data will be reviewed for accuracy, precision and completeness by appropriate, qualified _ Drinking Water Program staff.

C. Assessment and Oversight

I Cl. Assessment and Response Actions In the event of sampling or other related project problems the Grantee Project Officer will • contact the Drinking Water Program Project Officer.

C2. Reports to Management

I Grantee Project Officer vvill submit progress reports to the DEP Project Officer on a quarterly basis.

B. Bata Validation and Usability

• Dl. Data Evaluation

A report of the analytical testing results will, be submitted to the DEP'Project Officer. The report • will contain a narrative describing the sampling- and analysis effort and comment on any anomalies encountered during the project. Data sheets for each sample summarizing the results, summary sheets reporting the results of QC samples (appropriate blanks, spiked samples and I duplicate samples) and: a copy of the completed chain of custody will be -provided. Data packages will be checked by the DEP Project Officer and the Chief QA Scientist for consistency with data quality objectives including: l 10 I U J. ,•' I > holding time acceptability; I > sampling plan consistency; > fidelity to analytical methods; > meeting method reporting limits; I >• meeting QC limits; and > completeness of the data package. I The DEP Project Officer and the Chief QA Scientist will develop a data usability evaluation report that will identify whether or not there are limitations to using the data for the intended purpose. Any limitation of using the data to meet data quality objectives will be identified. This I report will be part of the permanent record and will be used to identify improvements including addition^ sampling efforts, reanalysis of samples or using qualified data for decision-maldng. I The results of the data usability analysis will be used as a basis for an uncertainty section of the report,

I D2. Use of Verified Data I Data will be incorporated by the Grantee Project Officer into a Surface Water Supply Protection Plan that will be submitted to the DEP Project Officer for approval.

I The project results will be made available to the South Coastal and Boston Harbor Basin Teams for use in developing their Annual Work Plans,, In addition, DEP's Drinking Water Program staff will -review the data and incorporate it Into' the objectives of the Source Water Assessment I Program as described in Attachment B. , I D3. Reconciliation with User Requirements I not applicable I I I qappNorfEnv.doc/p; I x • **i« • 11 tJb/ NURFDLK RA

would help watch for changes In the watershed. However, it would also he important to monitor the trophic status of Lily Poixd directly, especially if there 'if other evidence of cultural flutrophicatfoB. Sampling should be performed at least twice in the spring and one* during midsummer, Parameters to be manured include nitrate, ammonia, total phosphorus, algal cell count*, aad Seccfti disc depth* If a single algal speelts is dominating the counts, it should be noTed and identified. If aquatic maorophytes are a concern, the area of plants should be mapped, and the dominant species noted and identified. Finally, at least once during the summer, temperature, dissolved axygeru and pH profiles should be measured at one meter intervals from the surface to the deepest part

7. CITED

ABB Environmental Services, Inc. Revised Draft Phase II - Comprehensive Site Assessment,, Hingham Annex, May 1997,

, t.H. Distribution of the glements in our Ptenet^ McGraw-Hill Book Company, San Francisco, j),88< AS cited in Isaac, R

W.H. 1968, "Agronomic Controls Overthe Eavironmental Cycling of Trace ata." Adv. Agron. 20:235-274. As cited.in Baitett, E.L.R., "Metals in Soils - A Brief Summary," Memorandum From: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. D.C.. Field Studies Brftn.ch, Ensure Evaluation Division (TS-7986) Toi D. A- Huabnsr, Chief, Region TF Waste Management Branch, November 1 9SO,

EPA, 1976. Quality Criteria far Water, U.S, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D,CM July 1976-

EPA. 1998. Sire Investigation Closure4 Wompatuok State Park (Burning Ground), Hingham, JylA. Memo from Gary Lipson to Wornpatuck State Park Site File. March. 3 1, 1998,

Friedlajid, AJ.t B, W. Craig, E.K. Miller. G,T, Heirick, T.G, iSicOwtiB, and A.H. JohnSOn, 1 992. "Decreasing Leand Levels in the forest Floor Of the Northeastern USA,f tAmbi o Vol. 21, no. 6. September 1992. pp 400-403,

Keslcr-Amold, K,A, and M, (THearn, 1990, "Background Conccnimcions of Metals and Cyanide in Lower Michigan SoUs," 44th Purdue Industrial Wa£t& conference , Lewis Publishers^ Inc., Chelsea, Michigan,

, K.B. 1.979. Introduction m Geochemistry. Book Co., Inc. York, 2nd Edition, Af>p«ndix ET. i 13 (WED) 6 5 ?002 9M5/ST. 9:14/NO. 551£232719 i _ Lisk, D J, 1972. "ftace Metals In Soils, Plants, and Aillmals. Aft. Agron, 24:267-3 II. As I '"-"' cited in Barrett, E.L.R,> "Metals in Soils - A grief Summary/1 Memorandum From: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D>C,, Field Studies Branch, 'Exposure _ Evaluation Division (TS-7986) To: D.A! Hu=bner, Chief, Region Tfl Waste Management I Branch, November 1980.

MADEP, Guidance for Disposal She Risk Chflracterizationt July 1995,

• . The Massachusetts Contingency Plan, 3 10 CMR 40.0000, September

McJCce, J,E, and H.W. Wolf. 1963. Waier Quality Criteria. Second Edition- , I Publication 3-A, CalifoTnia. State Watftr Resources Control Board, Reprint January 1973.

• ' Miller, W.P. and W.W. McFee- 1?83, ^Distribution of Cadmium, Zinc, Copper, and Lead in Soils of Industrial Norrbwegtern Indiana-" Journal of Environmental Quality, • • Volume 12, no. l.pp 29^33,

, D,Z J£55.-"The Trace Element Conien; of Soils." Commonwealth J5ur Soil Set, Tech. Comm, No, 4?, Fterald Princingj Youk, England. Aa cited In: Barrett, E.L.R;,, I in Soils - A Britff Summary," -Memorandum From; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D.C., Field Studies Branch, Exposure Evaluation Division (TS-79S6) To: D. A. HurfmwvCbief, Region T, Waste Management Branch, I November 1980. I USAGE. Vermont Lakes Priority Pollutant Scan. New England District, June 1998., i I i I i

i i NVIRONMENTA PAGE: 03 IJ.B/10/2001 14: IS 15B88221&11

I 17,5 SURFACE WA SAMPLING surface water aamplas directly into the sample bottles. Collect sediment samples I wrdi a manually advanced soil coring device. Priar to the Collection of.surfacc -vmer and sediment samplfis photograph the areaT Ob e sampled. If-there is a shcan on tha water surface, photograph its full extent, including a scale I -where appropriate. Estimated tho aeriaJ extent of the sheen, measure it if feasible, and noted the findings in 1&e field log book and on a Site Map. "Write a visual description of the surface water and sediment in the field log book, includign visual evidence of pufe phase product, muck, I etc. ^vithifi the sediment. CalKbrata fisH screening equipment daily, prior ta uso, as described in Seetiofi 7.0, find decontaminate field sampling equipment as described in Section 6,0, prior to ths collection of I each sample. Always collect surfed water samples prior to collecting sediment samples at each location (or for the entire Site if fa is limited in area and disturbing the sediment in one -location will cloud -the water Jn other sampling locations). Always collect surface water and sediment I samples during low tida (if pagsible). Direct Surface Waiar Collfict each. surface water grab sample by filling -the laboratory providsd sample jars I directly bensaJh the surfece of the -waltsr. Collect the surface water diiantly into the sample bottles as follows: (1) Wear fresh elbow or mid^rareann length gloves for each aample (2) Remflva -the cap £rortt tha ssmplo bottle(s), I (3) Hold fiach botUe upside down^ immerse tha top -of the bottle several inches under the water, then turn ttie botrla upright to fill and intersect the water column, (4) If a sheen la present, colleot a sample of the sheen with the associated water I sample and submitted it JEbt laboratory analysis. Avoid placing any aurfeee debris into the sarnplo bottle, (5) Ramovs the bottle from the water, add any required preservatives, cap it tighiiy. and note the visual conditions of flie surface wslar in the field log book. I (6) Collect a separate bottle and field screen the surface wnter aampla for pH, conductivity, and temperature. Note tho resuitH in the field log book. (7) Do not subnutth* aaniple used for 6,«W acreeaing pujpoaes for laJbotaaO^y anatyais I duo to the potflntiai for contaminating tha samples with the field equipment 2. Diract Surface Water Sampling if it i0 riot possible to coUeot tha surface water sample directly into the sample bottlofs), I collect the sample in s. 1 litsr stainless steel or nalgone bucket as follows: CD Decontaminate the bucket aa specified in Section 6,0, and rinse it with surface water directly downstream of tho sampling point. I (2) Dip th« bucket in the water and fill the sample bottte(a) with the -water collected. (3) Field screen the samples and add tha proper preservatives and cap as. set forth I above, I "D NO WO LES ERVEIW90P A-34 I I I 10/18/2801 14: 16 15095221511 NORFOLK EMVlRDHMENTA PAGE Bd 5.0

»-—- For projects in Masaachusistts, ctecoatatninatiati. procedures comply with guideHc.es established by the DEP in Section 6,5 of tho Standard References for Monitoring Wells, Far projects outside • Massachusetts, check that state's regular! ons/polici £3 regarding do contamination procaditras,

Docontaramata all drilling and excavating squjprnonrprior to initial use andprior to moving to a 0sw boring location. D=cotitfl£ainateall sampling equipment prior to initial use sad between the collection of samples. S.inca different deaoaiaminafjon procedures are used for various types of equipment, astablish appropriate decontamination stations for all field activities. Choose tho method of I docontarriiaaiion which, most fuLly removes site contamination from the field equipment, with the least iatorforwico to the ultimate chemical analysis. The general decontamination methods and I compounds that qan be used-are as follows: 1. Decontamination of Large Field Equipment Largo field equipment includes drill rigs, excavators/'and loaders. Decontaminate largo field equipment prior to initial use, between digging/drilling locstiona, arid prior to leaving the Site, I using a steam cleaner. Conduct the decontamination within 10 feet of the diggingftttilling location, in the known source afta, or oft aplastic^ined decajntaminaticin pad built to contain all decontamination water. Ensure drat all portions of the equipment that camo into contact ( with potentially contaminated material are thoroughly cleaned, and that no clumps of soil remain attadwd anywhojra. I 2. Defiontartiinstipii of Sampling and Gauging Equipment Samplitig equipment includes split spoon sampler^ sttbrriersibla pirmps, spatulaa and mixing — bowls, and any other field oquiprnent that touohea the sample prior to analysis, .Disposable • sampling equipment, such a$ bailerS and punap tubiig, need not be decotrtarniriHted; howovor, B mew equipment must be used to Collect each gampla. GaiXgiJXS fi^MVprnetrt.include s water level indicators and oil/water probes, (1) Clean equipment to be tjaed fbr collection of samples for vuladle organic compound i (VOC), total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), oil identification,' and oil and grease analyses using the following steps: •Scrub equipment with a non-phosphate detergent-solution .(e.g. Alconort) i •Kinse thoroughly with potable water •Rinse with isagant grade matiaaaol. -Rinae thoroughly with dflionizad water. •For water gajnplffS, rinse the ccfaipnjatLt twd to thiea times with the media being i sampled prior to collecting a sample. (2) Clean equipment to be ttfed for collaction of aamploa for semi-VDlaiile organios i (including base-acutial cxtr^mblasj PCBa, hotbioides and pesticides) uaing the fbllbwing steps: -Scrub equipment with a nott-phosphate dBtflrgerrt-golutian (e.g. Alcanox) •Ri&sa thomaghly widl potabls wafer, i -Rjjisc with TBchnieal grade acetona. '.Rin^e with pesticide grade hesane, •Rinso thoroughly with deiorjiwd water, -For warar samplas, rinse the equipmBnt two to threes times with the media being i before collecting the i I&sWn^ I I IBAB/2001 14:16 150882Z1B1J NORFOLK ENVIRONMENT* PflG£ B5

I $.0 DECONTAMINATION ^HOCEPTTRES (Cont.)

(3) Clean ecfuijWSont to bo used far collection of samples for metals analyses using the I following steps; •Scrub equipment with. a. aasvphaspfcats detergeat-soiuticm (e,g, Alconos) •Rinso thoroughly with potable water, I •Rinse with ill nitric acid, •RinSe thoroughly with deionized waMr (either ASTM type I or II), • •For water samples, rinse the equipment two to throe tirnas with the media being I before collecting a sample, Other decontamination procedures may be acceptable, depending upon anaiytes of interest and project objectives, but they need to bo approved by the QA Manager prior to field I activities, Decontamination of Personal Protective Equipment All personal protective equipment (PPE) that is not disposable sJxouidbe decontaminated as I soon as possible after exiting the exclusion zone. Disposable PPE should be disposed of appropriately dcpendingon the contamination encountered. If drill cuttingsandpurgo water require containment and off" Site disposal, the disposable PPE -should alao ba drummed md I so dispoMd. Level P clothing should b

(1) Deooniaminfita: non-disposabloove.! boots and gloves using Alcanox and worer, I a potable water rinse, and allow -to air dry, (2) Pec contaminate respirators using a manufacturer recommended saititizer, and allow I to air dry. Wherever the flhil rittse requires dsionized watet, uao &nly deionized water stored in I nalgene, Tefldn Of glass bottles. I I I I I I I I I Uly Pond ajrtaca Water Perfection PJan SWT/ Surlaca Walw Ptotecton

BampUng PBTaniBtara

I I •a 1 3 a a. 3 TJ .jj 1 £ a I' 'a 1 e Mo. I "B Ballnnai* tui Ssunpliiiij Sampling Location ilVnilnll y 01 fl p IL ° R X X X K Ou*3 oJ fflaw KetOe Siook at L»V nand K X X X Prtnr Releases, VaiKfcds 1. * K. X X X X K X X X K X K 2* (*f Ponfl - ShAw Sa«tes Wlto SWDdv' t K X X X K X M X K X X X X K K 2h. l>f Puna . tteflo 5*mtJ» X Water Suciofi X X X ~ X X X K K X I X 3. pBppeanint fin** OuBBl u Uly Pantf Sflcte, StcimiTialK Runolt X X K K. X 1. Hentag BIGC*. OtiUs) ni LUr Pond K K InJci Irom HEaewcir K X X K K X X X 5. Aaron Rf*ar mcu Doana SUoetCWastntl x SMlb. Stacnwiuei Runofl K y. K y. K K X X X Ba A*GQ TfrrerftoazKiot 1' ETudtav/ Bo^P*6* * WWW SUixrt. X X K X JS X X X X X f&ftfi F&*6r Peswcfr v Docfj SflirfAea X . X X X Waler Suoatv X X. X X 7 Aarwi flVa- Ra%aivo« - Wast MB ncai HkigJBin >ma» X n K Kn.mR.teK Site X X X X X K K K X X X X K B. Ouaa o! imam mw S«rfv Swaaiu ta SCMEW SfWiJki, Effarnvjaicr f>-innfl X X X X K X X X X X B. Outtsi ui furonfVveiima Rftwnolrln Hl^g^a^1 X * •S-iiptic. Sttjrar>«lBf flLnctfi

Te*ol /jiuMw of Siwx''0' 2 » 4. '- I. 11 a ) » 9 2 3 B * • 1 1 1 1 I) If - '

flp.il 10. 33fl,oi I I SAMPLING PLAN Uly Pond Surface Water Protection Plan I 99-04 SWT/ Source Water Protection Grant ISAMPLING PARAMETERS VOC: Regulated and Unregulated Volatile Orgftuic INoted surface water sampling locations will be tested by Toxicon using EPA Method 502.2 for reguiated and unregulated Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC' a). ', VOC' s analyzed at noted surface Iwater sampling locations will include: acetone /7-dichJ pro benzene monochlorobenzene benzene 1,4-dichlorgbenzene naphthalene bro mo benzene die War odifluaroili ethane n-propylbenzene I bromochJoromethane 1.,1-dichloroethane styrene broiuodichloramethane 1,2-dichloroetbane tetrachloroethylene bromomethane cis 1,2-dichloroethyJene 1,1,1 ,2-tetrachloroethane I fi-buty!benzene trans 1,2 dichloroethylene 1 , 1 72,2-tetrachloroethane sec-buty [benzene 1,1-dichIoroethyf.ene tetrahydrofuran tert-butylbenzene dichlorome thane tri b r a momethane Icarbon tetractiloride 1.2-dichlbrDpropan,e rchromociibrQrno,nietliane 1,3-dichloropropjajae • 1 , 1 , 1 -tri cnloro ethane 1 c hi oro methane 2,2-dichloroprapane Tri chl o ro e thy 1 sue c hi oro ethane 1,1 -dichloropropene trichl or omethane I o-chlorotoluene 1,3-dichJoropropene 1,2,3-tricbiaropropaiio p-chjorotoluene ethyibenze.ne 1 ,2, 4- trim ethyl benzene dibro ma methane fluorotrichloromethane 1.3 ,5- trimethylbenzene I dichJorobenzene he^ac hi oro butadiene toluene m-dicbJoro benzene ' isopropyj benzene vinyJ chloride I o-dichlorobenzqne p-isopropyltoluene xyienes Mgtals C131: INoted surface sampling locations will be tested by Toxicon for the SDWA 13 regulated metals using Method SW601 OB. Metals to be analyzed include: I8 Arsenic Cadmium Mercury » Antimony Chromium Nickel & Barium Copper Selenium I* Beryllium Lead Thallium I

INorfolk Environment&J April 10,2001 ProjecF t No. 33^.01 Page 2 af2

I • Metals Noted surface sampling locations will be tested by Toxicon for five metals using Method SW6010B

" -, Arsenic i Cadmium Chromium * Lead I • Mercury

I Organic Analysig: Noted surface sampling locations will-be tested by Toxicon for the following parameters1.

* COD: Chemical Oxygen Pemand using EPA Method 410.4 * TOC; Total Organic Carbon using-EPA Method 415.1 i Inorganic Analysis • Noted surface sampling locations will be tested by Toxicon for the following parameters:

* Alkalinity using EPA Method 310.1 - Chlorides using Method SW9056 * Nitrate: Nitrate using EPA Method 353.2 I *> Phosphorus: Total Phosphorus -using EPA Method 365.3 • * TKN : Total KJeldahl Nitrogen using EPA Method 351 .2

i>_**crobiological Analysis Noted surface sampling locations will be tested by Toxicon for the following parameters: | _ " Fecal coliforni' using Method A9222D

Other Parameters: Noted surface sampling locations will be tested by Toxicon for the following parameters;

* Color: Color using EPA Method 1 10.2 . , * ?CB1s: Poly -chloro Biphenyl using EPA Method 8082

AJgae: Algae Identification & Enumeration by Aquatic Control Technology, Inc, Sutton, MA

"Field Testing; ,(L- • The following is a list of geri^sgi'cheniistry parameters that will-be tested during each sampling event , ™ Samples will be collected inU ^ ilean glass jars and the following parameters tested for each sample collected using an Horiba U-r8xWater Quality Meter

* * pH • • Dissolved Oxygen -— • Conductivity * Temperature

•-%^— -- • - - — — - , _ - _ . - —- -...... - •- - — Norfolk Environmental April 10, 2001 Project No. 336.01 ' Page 3 of 3 I SAMPUHGPLAM

Lily Pond SurlaceWamr Pratecaian Plan 93-04 SMTT7 Surface Water Pcoteciicai Granl

SajnplingPar 3tneters

a - a. ,' a. "E 1 | (to. S a Q B S , X Sampling Location IJi p =eca l OoHiOTT n 1- R =JJ= Tamfjafaiur e ftaBanale lor Sanr^lnQ x, ' X 1. QjOa pi Brass KatUa Brook a) ISi wnd K ^ X X ' ~*n * Prtor R&eases. LanrHiEs X H X 2a. L6/ Fwd - Shatovi Samites X X X X X X K X X Water Siiqplv a. Utf Port - Deep Sarepfea X X X X X ' K X X K X X X X X X X X YJatsu SaooU 3. PnpcejrntiTl HwcA QuHel al UJ* Para* X X X X K. X X X s K K Sepfc. StommalBT Riowll

4. Haujfog Bronfc OirtJat H| Liry pnnl X X X X X K X Inlsi Irom Hesesvolr X X X X 5. Aaron flr;er rear Dt&ns Slreel CIBS-&XI X X X X X •S:TC*c SC^nnrvi'Slfir R^nnit X S X X Sa. ftaifm ftrier Reservoir- Shallow Samplea X X X X X X Vfater S until v X X K X a. Aamnh^feEMii-Dsq Samples X X . >r .X X X X X X K Water SiwcC; X X X X 7. £aroi RjjEf FteawDlr - Wasi iide naar hifxtram Arinat • X X X "fenwi Refeass Sits- X a. OuUet tJ aiiaam Itom Soulh Swunp in ScJluais X X X X ;< X. X X X X X X 5ftoi»; Sirt^w/aisv Ro^c^I X X 3, OiiUel lit -Aaran Kxer Wo RasEvrar in r3r#Bm • •*. X X X X X X X X X Sepik:. Slwixvate/ Runcfi 2 1 3 2 G 3 6 4 11 IV It 11 t'alal tlumbeir d Sarnples z • -*• u * -a 1 1

firuli 10, 20BJ . 33S.D1 I I SAMPLING PLAN Lily Pond Surface "Water Protection Plan I 99-04 SWT/ So-urce Water Protection Grant ISAMPLING PARAMETERS

VQC; Regulated and Unregulated Volatile Organic Compounds INoted surface water sampling locations will be tested by Toxicon using EPA Method 502.2 for regulated and unregulated Volatile Organic Compounds CVOC's).. VOC's analyzed at noted surface Iwater sampling locations will include: acetone ^-dichlorobenzene * morlachJarobenzene benzene 1,4-dichiorobenzene- • naphthalene I bromobenzene dichlorodifluoro methane • U-propylbenzene brom.ochlorometha.ne 1,1-dichloroethane » styrene br Dm odichlorom ethane 1,2-dichIoroethane * tetrachioroethylene I brbmomethane •eis 1,2-dlchlorbethylene " 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane r\-buty).benzene trans 1,2 dichloroethylene 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane sec- butyl benzene 1,1-dichlordethylene tetrahydrofiiran ten>butylben2en,e dichlorornethane tribrounomethane I carbon tetrachloride 1,2-dich3oropropane 1 ,'2,3-. trichlorobenzene ihrornodibromomethane 1,3-dicb.l.oropropane • 1,1,1-trichloroethane 2,2-dichioropropane trichloroethyiene I cfiJoroethane 1,1-dichioroproperie trichlorom ethane IjS-dichioropropene 1,2,3-trichJoropropaixc p'Chlorotoluene ethylbenzene 1,2,4-trirnethyl benzene I dibromo methane fluorotri ch lorom ethane 1,3,5- trimethylBenzeue dichlorobenzeiie hexachl oro butadi ene toluene m-ditMorobenzene isopropylben^ene vinyl chloride I o-dichlorobetiaene p-isoprapyltojuene xylenes

•Metals (13)\ "Noted surface sampling locations will be tested by Toxicon for the SDWA 13 regulated metals using Method SW6010B. Metals to be analyzed include; 1 ™ • Aisenic • Cadmium • Mercury * Antimony • Chromium • • Nickel * Barium » Copper ' " Selenium 1- Beryllium • Lead ' . • Thallium i c|i% | ^tltt«&fgl Norfolk Environmental April 10,2001 rf.rojectNo. 336.01 Page 2 of 2 1 I Metals (5): . • Noted surface sampling locations will be tested by Toxicon for five metals using Method SW6010B

Arsenic Cadmium Chromium I Lead I Mercury Organic Analysis: INoted surface sampling locations will be tested by Toxicon for the following parameter?: • COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand using EPA Method 410, 4 I* TOC; Total Organic Carbon using EPA Method 415,1 ln'organic Analysis INoted surface sampling locations will be tested by Toxicon for the following parameters: « Alkalinity using EPA Method 310,1 I• Chlorides using Method SW9056 - Nitrate: Nitrate using EPA Method 353,2 * Phosphorus: Total Phosphorus vising EPA Method 365.3 I• TKN : Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen using EPA Method 351.2

Microbiological Analysis INoted surface sampling locations will be tested by Toxicon for the following parameters: I« Fecal coliform using Method A9222D . Other Parameters: INoted surface sampling locations will be tested "by Tojticon for the following parameters: « Color: Color using EPA Method 1 10.2 I* PCB's: Poly -chloro Biphenyl using EPA Method 8082 IAlgae: Algae Identification & Enumeration by Aquatic Control Technology, Tnc, Sutton, MA Field Testing:

IThe following is a list of generfchemistty parameters that will be tested during each sampling event. Samples will be collected inu.-;-ilean glass jars and the following parameters tested for each sample ' using an Horiba U-lt^Water Quality Meter

:

I For the purposes of this Section of the Bylaw, the following terms and words are given the meanings stated below.

I Bank. The portion of land surface which normally abuts and confines a water body and which lies between a water body and a bordering vegetated wetland and adjacent floodplain, or in the absence of these features, it lies between a water body and an upland; the upper boundary of a I bank is the first observable break in the slope or the mean annual flood level; whichever is lower, the lower boundary of a bank is the mean annual low flow level.

I Department. The Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection I Zone A. Zone A means: (a) the land area between the surface of Lily Pond, the Aaron River Reservoir, and the tributaries or associated surface water bodies to Lily Pond and the Aaron River Reservoir, which I includes Bound Brook/Herring Brook, Aaron River, Peppermint Brook, and Brass Kettle Brook, and the upper boundary of the bank; and (b) the land area within a 400 foot lateral distance from the upper boundary of the banks of Lily I Pond and the Aaron River Reservoir, and (c) the land area within a 200 foot lateral distance from the upper boundary of the banks of a tributary or associated surface water body to Lily Pond and the Aaron .River Reservoir, which I includes Bound Brook/Herring Brook, Aaron River, Peppermint Brook, and Brass Kettle Brook. (d) The area of land described in subparagraph (a), (b) and (c) immediately above, is generally I depicted on a map entitled "Zone A Delineation" prepared by the Norfolk Ram Group, LLC, dated March 2002 and which is on file with the Town Clerk. The Zone A areas shown on this map are provided to generally depict the above noted limits of the Zone A areas around I the protected waters, in relation to known parcels of land of record at the Cohasset Assessors office. The specific Zone A limits as defined in (a), (b) and (c) immediately above (e.g. 200 I foot or 400 foot lateral distances) shall control in all maters of interpretation of this map. and by inserting a new Section 14.3.1(A): I 14.3.1A Prohibitions within Zone A of Public Drinking Water Supply In addition to the uses prohibited in the Water Resource District pursuant to Section 14.3.1, the following uses are prohibited within Zone A:

(a) Air underground storage tanks, I

(b) All above-ground storage of liquid hazardous material as defined in M.G.L. c.21E, or liquid I propane or liquid petroleum products, except as follows: 1. Storage is incidental to; a. normal household use, outdoor maintenance, or the heating of a structure; I b. use of emergency generators; c. a response action conducted or performed in accordance with M.G.L. C.21E and 310 CMR 40.000 which is exempt from a ground water discharge permit pursuant to 314 CMR I 5.05(14); and 2. Storage is within a building, either in container(s) or above-ground tank(s), or I outdoors in covered container(s) or above-ground tank(s) in an area that has a containment system designed and operated to hold either 10%' of the total possible storage capacity of all containers, or 110% of the largest container's storage capacity, I whichever is greater. However, these storage requirements do not apply to the replacement of existing tanks or systems for the keeping, dispensing or storing of gasoline provided the replacement is performed in accordance with applicable state I and local requirements; (c) Treatment or disposal works subject to 314 CMR 3.00 or 5.00, except the following: 1. the replacement or repair of an existing treatment or disposal works that will not result in a I design capacity greater than the design capacity of the existing treatment or disposal works; 2. treatment or disposal works for sanitary sewage if necessary to treat existing sanitary sewage discharges in non-compliance with Title 5, 310 CMR 15.00, provided the facility owner I demonstrates to the Department's satisfaction that there are no feasible siting locations outside of the Zone A. Any such facility shall be permitted in accordance with 314 CMR 5.00 and shall be required to disinfect the effluent. The Department may also require the I facility to provide a higher level of treatment prior to discharge; 3. treatment works approved by the Department designed for the treatment of contaminated ground or surface waters and operated in compliance with 314 CMR 5.05(3) or 5.05 (13). I 4. discharge by public water system of waters incidental to water treatment processes, (d) facilities that, through their acts or processes, generate, treat, store or dispose of hazardous waste that are subject to M.G.L. c. 21C and 310 CMR 30.000, except for the following: I 1. very small quantity generators, as defined by 310 CMR 30.000; 2, treatment works approved by the Department designed in accordance with 314 CMR 5.00 for the treatment of contaminated ground or surface waters; I (e) sand and gravel excavation operations; (f) uncovered or uncontained storage of fertilizers; (g) uncovered or uncontained storage of road or parking lot de-icing and sanding materials; I (h) storage or disposal of snow or ice, removed from highways and streets outside the Zone A, that contains deicing chemicals; (i) uncovered or uncontained storage of manure; I (j) junk and salvage operations; (k) motor vehicle repair operations; (1) cemeteries (human and animal) and mausoleums; I (m) solid waste combustion facilities or handling facilities as defined at 310 CMR 16.00; (n) land uses that result in the rendering impervious of more than 15%, or more than 20% with artificial recharge, or 2500 square feet of any lot, whichever is greater; and (o) commercial outdoor washing of vehicles, commercial car washes. I

(p) dry-cleaning establishments; I (q) metal plating, finishing, or polishing; (r) chemical of bacteriological laboratories; (s) commercial photographic processing; I (t) commercial printing other than xerographic reproduction; (u) self-service laundries unless sewered; (v) hotels or motels unless sewered; I (w) cabinet/furniture making establishments; (x) painting, wood preserving and furniture stripping establishments; and I (y) electronic circuit assembly facilities. ; and by amending Section 14.3.2 by striking the first sentence and inserting in place thereof the I following: The following uses and activities are permitted in the Water Resource District, exclusive of the I Zone A area, only upon the issuance of a Special Permit by the Zoning Board of Appeals ("the Board") under such conditions as the Board may require. I ; or to take any other action relative thereto. I I I I I I p i ! iI «vSSS $ "« I I ENGINEERING ; ENVIRONMENT

MEMO

To: Mr. John McNabb, Chairman Cohasset Water Commission From: David Tanguay, Norfolk Environmental Date: April 2, 2002 Re: Stormwater Drainage in the Lilly Pond Tributary Norfolk Job #158.09

cc: Mark Bartlett, P.E., Norfolk Environmental

Between the dates of October 1 8, 2001 and October 29, 2001 Norfolk Environmental had been conducting fieldwork to assess the extent of the stormwater drainage system within the Lilly Pond tributary. Field work included the locating, measuring distances and field mapping of all stormwater catch basins, headwalls and stormwater swales within the hydrologic topographical divide of Lily Pond. To date the following streets and number of drainage systems have been mapped: Street Name ^Systems* State Highway 3A, King St. to Beechwood St. • . 9 King St. 1 Pond St. 3 Bailey Rd. 0 Hugh Strain Rd. 0 Lilly Pond Lane 1 Whitney Woods Lane 1 Beechwood St. 6 Bound Brook Lane 1 ' Mill Lane 1 Wheelwright Farm 1 River View Dr. 2 Doane St. ' 2 Church St. . 1 Bates Lane 1 Buttdnwood Lane . 0 Clayspring Rd. 1 Bayberry Lane 1 Tupelo Rd. 1

ONE ROBERTS ROAD • PLYMOUTH, MASSACHUSETTS 02360 « (508) 747-7900 PHONE • (508) 747-3658 FAX 100 KUNIHOLM * HOLLISTON, MASSACHUSETTS 01746 * (508) 822-5500 PHONE • (508) 822-1611 FAX WWW.NOKFOLKRAM-.COM I 1 Street Name ^Systems* * ' Arrowwood St. 1 Old Pasture Rd. . 1

If you have any questions about this field work please contact David Tanguay, (508) 822- 5500 ext. 35

* * System meaning catch basins and drainlines within a 'definite beginning and ending (outfall or undetermined end). i i i i i i i i i i i

IvJS^I? I I Area Surveyed

0 Storm drains * Surface cut out Drain A Concrete culvert (with head wall) A Concrete culvert (No wall) EH Catch basin /\/Concrete box culvert Lily Pond Cohasset Assessors Parcels

"—£ ^"" ***>•

> "'I A> "'•-,-&.' & / • 'H^£4k\ /^*

0.7 07 Mites CJ.Cushing HWY at King St to Pond St

Storm drains Surface cut out Drain Concrete culvert (with head wall) Concrete culvert (No wall)

\B Catch basin Concrete box culvert Lily Pond Cohasset Assessors Parcels

All data arc based on Held \\ork coniplcicd behvccn October !X-29. 2001 by Norfolk Ram Group

0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 Miles Beechwood St at King St to C J.Cushing HWY

0 Storm drains $ Surface cut out Drain A Concrete culvert (with head wall) A Concrete culvert (No wall) H Catch basin box culvert Lily Pond Cotiasset Assessors Parcels

All dala arc based on field work complclcc! between October 18-29. 20(11 b> Norfolk Rani Group

"rs 0.3 0 0.3 Miles Beechwood St at Doane St to Mill Lane

$ Storm drains * Surface cut out Drain A Concrete culvert (with head wall) A Concrete culvert (No wall) IS Catch basin /\/Concrete box culvert Lily Pond Cohasset Assessors Parcels

All data arc based on field \\ork completed between October IS-21). by Norfolk Ram Group

N

0.3 0.3 Miles