Welcome to the EVolution

The future of cars is here.

Finally

If you’ve been waiting for electric vehicles to:

look like other vehicles help protect the environment

perform like other vehicles avoid gas stations, oil changes, spark plugs, air filters and mufflers travel greater distances allow you to use your smartphone to be made by American manufacturers warm up your car

take a bite out of our reliance on oil meet the safety standards of traditional vehicles GAIN EVERYTHING, LOSE NOTHING

If any of the above applies to you, then keep reading. This guide was created to make it easy for you to find answers to your questions and give you the facts on owning an electric vehicle.

1 More auto manufacturers than ever are now making EVs, including BMW, Chevrolet, Ford, Honda, Toyota, Nissan, Mitsubishi, Volkswagen, and Tesla. There is a major EVolution in personal transportation taking place. Your No timing to jump in could not be better! You now have more options in compromises more makes and models than ever before. No compromises necessary. necessary.

• EVs now travel long distances thanks to • EVs help protect the environment. rapid improvements in electric battery • EVs reduce our reliance on oil. technology. • EVs don’t have all that maintenance - • Battery charging stations being installed no oil changes, spark plugs, air filters along highways and in our communities or mufflers. make driving EVs, even for longer trips, more convenient. • EVs meet or exceed all highway safety standards. • Many EVs are made by American manufacturers.

1 Multiple technologies mean multiple choices

(Though it is a bit of an acronym jungle)

2 Plug-In Vehicle Glossary

EVs or BEVs - Electric Vehicles PHEVs - Plug-in Hybrids or Battery Electric Vehicles A plug-in hybrid uses a combination of Electric vehicles use electricity stored electricity and gasoline to propel itself. in batteries to propel the vehicle. The The vehicle is equipped with a small battery can be charged by a variety of gasoline engine that can assist the equipment ranging from a standard wheels and provide electricity for the outlet to a sophisticated high voltage batteries and electric motor. rapid charger. Like hybrids, some energy is recovered when using the PHEVs have a battery system similar to brakes. There is no option to run the an EV and can recharge using the same vehicle on gasoline. types of equipment. The batteries are smaller in PHEVs and therefore charge in less time.

Because short distances represent about 80% of car trips in the U.S., EVs meet the needs of most drivers.

3 Charging has never been easier

EV drivers often say that one of the most convenient features of an EV is the ability to refuel at home and leave the house each day with a “full tank.”

4 Here’s the skinny on charging at home:

Currently there are three types (levels) of Level 1 charging Level 2 charging DC fast charge charging systems available: Equipment Mobile cord comes with the Must be purchased (or Not suitable for home Level 1: All plug-in cars come equipped car; plugs into any 110V socket bundled with car) application to receive power from standard 110-volt Cost Included with vehicle $500-$1,500 $50,000 Installation No installation required outlets. The charge is delivered slowly, so it Electrical circuit installation Located on thoroughfares required for majority of and select gas stations can take many hours to deliver a full charge consumers to an all-electric car. Level 1 charging may be Range per hour of charge 2-5 miles per hour 12-23 miles per hour 60-80 miles per 20 minutes perfectly adequate for a plug-in hybrid, for Time required to recharge an 17 hours 4-7 hours 80% in 15 minutes topping off a battery, or for when the vehicle empty Nissan LEAF battery is sitting unused for long periods. Find links to learn more about charging equipment in our Resources section Level 2: Most owners of new all-electric stations can also be reserved remotely. You Level 3 (DC fast charge): These chargers are cars will want to have access to a Level 2, will need a 240-volt circuit installed in your super-high-speed and not currently intended 240-volt electricity supply (like what’s used garage to charge at this level. Although an for home use because of high costs and the for an electric clothes dryer). This will electrical permit is required for 240-volt circuit requirement of a dedicated electrical service. recharge a vehicle in much less time. Many installation, these are inexpensive and simple Expect to find these along travel corridors and EVs and chargers can be programmed to process (your electrician will handle that). at select retailers. to start and stop charging at a particular Purchasing (if not included with the vehicle time, keeping track of how much electricity purchase) and installing home Level they are “pumping.” Many public charging 2 charging equipment will cost from $500 to $1,500 for most consumers.

5 Electric vehicle sales in the US are higher than they have ever been with more than 130,000 EVs sold between November 2015 and November 2016. There are now about 535,000 Evs on the road today.

Utah is the fastest growing state for EVs with a 60% increase in EV registrations

6 The Wasatch Front emerges as one of the best places to own an electric vehicle Utah employers of all sizes and industry types are joining the LIVE Electric Workplace Charging Challenge, benefiting themselves, employees, and all of Utah.

The University of Utah Salt Lake City Packsize

By partnering with Leaders for The City purchased and installed Thanks to Hanko Keissner, Clean Air, the U’s Commuter charging stations at twelve sites Packsize’s CEO, and his Leaders Services was able to buy across Salt Lake City, thanks to a for Clean Air nonprofit, Packsize charging stations at affordable Utah Division of Air Quality (DAQ) has now installed 50 Level 2 prices—less than $500 each. grant and City funding. As part of a EVC's and 2 DC Fast chargers. They were also able to mobile-enabled network, Packsize employees are combine the installation costs motorists can check for available purchasing vehicles at a higher with the construction of two units on their smartphones. rate than any other employees new parking garages. in Utah. Build it, and they will come! 7 8 8 12 TRUTHS about EVs #1 EVs go the distance – the truth about range confidence Range The rapidly expanding network of charging Transportation experts report that more facilities makes topping off very convenient. confidence is than three quarters of all drivers go fewer Using any number of smartphone apps or than 40 miles in a day. Electric cars easily here and now! the vehicle’s computer, drivers can find meet those needs. In fact, seemingly every chargers at locations such as Park-N-Ride lots, year, EVs exhibit longer all-electric range. municipal buildings, public parking garages, The EV car dealerships, shopping centers and malls, The best way to ensure range confidence is office buildings, and sports facilities. corridor is to install car-charging equipment at home. It expanding is like having your own fuel pump and you get to get start every day with a full tank. You can But if you still worry about EV range you also plan trips in advance, which will help might want to consider a plug-in hybrid match your available charge to the miles you vehicle, which has battery capacity for most plan to travel. daily driving excursions, but includes a small gasoline engine for long-range driving.

9 “My husband wanted my next #2 car to be an electric car because EVs can save money it was cool. I wanted a car that I The price of a car isn’t the true reflection of felt comfortable driving. With our how much it will cost. A big economic fact to Another factor in the total cost of a vehicle is LEAF we have both, but to be consider is the life of the car. Electricity maintenance. An electric motor has fewer moving parts. It does not require oil changes, honest I hardly think about the is inexpensive compared to the high cost of spark plug changes or filter changes. gasoline or diesel, and Utah enjoys some of fact that my car is electric. I just the lowest electricity rates in the nation. think of it as my car.” Manufacturers report that EVs eliminate more than two dozen mechanical components that EVs can deliver their passengers to would normally require maintenance during destinations at a cost of about 2-3 cents per the life of the vehicle. No more noisy mufflers, Beth Carper, Nissan LEAF Owner mile, compared to gasoline at a cost of 15- broken radiator hoses or alternator belts. 30 cents per mile. That works out to ten times more money per mile for a gasoline- powered car.

Live ElectricElectric + + Rocky Rocky Mountain Mountain Power Power incentives make EVs a no-brainer for businessesincentives make and Municipalities EVs a no-brainer for 10 businesses and Municipalities 11 EV’s are FUN to drive

12 #3 These cars EVs are fun to drive provide great It is often the first thing you hear from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety for owner of an EV. Go ahead, test drive one the higher level of protection they provide. acceleration and yourself. They are quiet, and they are peppy. handling. Electric motors have instant power, whereas The unique design considerations of EVs gasoline engines have to build up power. provide additional safety benefits. The EVs also provide information in real time batteries are located in the base of the that will keep your passengers entertained vehicle, lowering their center of gravity, and envious. and reducing the likelihood of rolling over. Similarly, the vehicle frame is reinforced to support the battery systems, further #4 improving their collision performance. EVs are safe Though EVs have high-voltage batteries on All vehicles, whether gasoline, electric or board, they also have extensive safety hybrid, must meet the same federal safety systems that turn off and isolate the power requirements. Both the Toyota Prius Prime from battery packs when a collision or short and the Chevrolet Volt have gone above and circuit is detected. As an EV owner you can beyond federal safety standards, earning the rest assured that you are not compromising highest possible safety ratings from the safety when driving an electric vehicle.

13 14 #5 Public vehicle charging makes driving EVs more convenient Many businesses and communities are Drivers are able to locate these chargers installing charging facilities at convenient using smartphone apps, the car’s GPS system, locations allowing EV drivers to “top off’ in and through online tools such as the U.S. the course of their day. Public charging Department of Energy’s Alternative Fueling equipment is easy to find. Similar to the Station Locator. See the Resource section for parking spaces reserved for handicapped links to station locator tools. drivers, chargers are installed at spaces set aside for plug-in vehicles.

15 #6 “After 6 months of driving our EVs are efficient Nissan LEAF the only complaint EVs convert 75% of the energy from their Gasoline-powered engines waste a lot of we have is that we didn’t have one batteries to power their wheels. The motor energy. As little as 40% of the energy in 20 years ago!” turns off at stops – no idling; and EVs use gasoline actually moves the wheels, the rest regenerative braking systems, so energy from is simply wasted as heat from the engine. Of braking is captured in the car’s batteries to be the usable 40%, approximately 17% is wasted – Dean West, Nissan LEAF used again. during engine idling, and roughly 6% is wasted owner through braking.

16 #7 #8 EVs are smart EVs are quiet EVs are among the smartest cars on the So quiet in fact, that starting the car will be road. In addition to sophisticated GPS a daily reminder of just how much noise you systems that direct drivers to charging are leaving behind with your new car. stations, they communicate with drivers You may at first miss that initial vroom-vroom about their charging state and driving reminder of the gas engine, but you will efficiency. Many EVs can even start their quickly prefer the peace and quiet or the full cooling or heating systems by phone while sound of the car stereo without background still plugged in. engine noise.

17 EVs give drivers real-time data #9 about energy use and expected range. EVs work well in all kinds of conditions Advanced, on-board computers give you Utah drivers want cars that can safely tackle Utah drivers want cars that can safely real-time data about energy use and hills, wet roads, and snowy conditions. With expected range. And, as an extra benefit, a tacklelow center hills, of wetgravity, roads, balanced and snowyweight you can program your EV to warm up or distributionconditions. and With traction a low control, center EVs of have cool down the interior temperature of the demonstratedgravity, balanced excellent weight adverse distribution-weather car before you even leave home, using your handling.and traction Some EVs control, even comeEVs have equipped with household electricity and without drawing a special winter driving low gear that demonstrated excellent adverse- any charge from your battery. decreasesweather the handling. torque from Some the EVs electric even motor to prevent spin-out when accelerating in come equipped with a special winter As with any car, the more experience you slippery conditions. driving low gear that decreases the have driving the vehicle, the more attuned torque from the electric motor to you will be to the impact of weather, terrain, prevent spin-out when accelerating in and climate control on your battery range. slippery conditions.

18 Trying to source photo and see if it is available.

19 19 Annual Greenhouse Gas Emissions

14,000

11,435 lbs 12,000 Gasoline

10,000

8,000 6,258 lbs Hybrid 6,000

3,839 lbs

Annual Emissions AnnualEmissions Vehicle per 4,000 Plug-in Hybrid

2,000 855 lbs All-Electric

U.S. Average Toyota Chevrolet Nissan Passenger Prius Volt LEAF Vehicle

Graph is from http://www.afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/electric_emissions.php

20 #10 EVs = zero tailpipe emissions EVs don’t even have tailpipes! They emit no air pollution or greenhouse gases. Compare that with a conventional gasoline vehicle, which emits 20 pounds of pollution per gallon burned. With roughly two-thirds of the region’s air pollution coming from motor vehicles, EVs are a breath of fresh air to our communities.

“Combining electric and gas mode, the Volt’s trip computer said I was seeing over 150 mpg at times!”

– Ben Lewis, automedia.com

22 23 70% #11#11 of oil consumed in EVs reduce reliance on gas & the United States is electricity used for Our dependence on oil weakens the U.S. Drilling and refining oil for gasoline is much transportation. economy by sending hundreds of billions more energy-intensive than the energy of dollars per year out of the country and required to power an EV. Refining gasoline represents more than half of our trade deficit. from petroleum requires electricity, as much Consumers and businesses are impacted as 4 to 7.5 kWh per gallon. For every gallon of through volatile price hikes and the use of so gasoline we do not need to produce, we save much fossil fuel emits large amounts of air enough energy to power the average EV for pollution and greenhouse gases. 16 to 20 miles.

24 #12

EV batteries are better than ever Batteries used in modern electric vehicles support the emerging EV market. Because of hold three times more power than those their value, the incentive to reuse and recycle used in hybrid vehicles, and they’re easier these batteries is very high. on the environment. Modern electric vehicles like the Nissan LEAF and Chevrolet Electric vehicle batteries have a much longer Volt use the most efficient batteries on life than those used in mobile phones and the market, known as lithium-ion. These hold laptops. EV manufacturers estimate up to three times the energy and generate twice 70% of the battery capacity will remain the power of batteries used in today’s after 10 years of regular use. In fact, battery hybrids, and are less toxic than lead or nickel. warranties from EV manufacturers are more Though lithium is a valuable earth metal, competitive than those offered for gasoline industry observers report that there is a engines (for example, the Nissan LEAF has a sufficient supply (including in the U.S.) to 100,000 mile battery warranty).

25 Local governments are choosing EVs. Municipal fleet managers must balance the needs of their drivers while ensuring their fleets are as efficient, safe, and reliable as possible. So it’s no surprise that municipalities like Salt Lake and Park City both jumped at the opportunity to replace gasoline vehicles with electric.

Since the launch of the Electric Xpress rapid transit route in Park City, public transit ridership has increased by 40%.

26 27 28 28 28 “Packsize takes pollution very seriously. We do our part to build a culture around reducing CO2 emissions. We realize this Business owners embrace EVs vision daily through Leaders for Clean Air, an organization A national survey found that the top principally established to create concern of fleet managers was rising, volatile fuel prices. As a result, 28% of an electric vehicle infrastructure the fleet managers questioned said they along the Wasatch Front. The would add EVs to their fleets within a year. • Salt Lake City installed 28 new public trend toward zero tailpipe These may include plug-in cars, trucks, and EV charging stations emissions is gaining traction and specialized vehicles. I am convinced that flipping the • FedEx and UPS have already added a switch on EV charging will • The University of Utah did a bulk variety of EVs to their fleets. purchase and in three months put 127 continue to be a smart decision low- or no-emissions vehicles on the for every Utahn” • Staples and Frito-Lay use electric road trucks for in-city stop-and-go driving with a top speed of 55 mph. These • REI has a goal to become climate- -Hanko Kiessner, CEO, Packsize trucks can carry as much as 16,000 neutral in their operations by 2020. As International pounds and travel 50 to 120 miles on part of that initiative, they installed EV a single charge. fast-charging stations at their stores in Salt Lake City, Colorado Springs, and • Packsize’s Salt Lake City office uses Seattle to support cleaner solar and wind energy, and about transportation to the outdoor places 15% of its employee base commutes their members recreate to work in zero-emission vehicles with access to 52 EVCs on-premise to recharge. 29 EVs currently available or coming soon

Battery Electric Vehicles Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles BMW i3 Audi A3 Sportback e-tron Chevrolet Bolt BMW 330e Chevrolet Spark EV BMW i3 with Range-Extender Fiat 500e BMW i8 Ford Focus EV BMW X5 xdrive40e Hyundai Ioniq Electric Cadillac ELR Kia Soul EV Chevrolet Volt Mercedes B Class Electric Drive Chrysler Pacifica Plug-in Hybrid Mitsubishi i-MiEV Ford Fusion Energi Nissan LEAF Ford Fusion Plug-In Hybrid Smart Electric Drive Ford C-Max Energi Tesla Motors Roadster Sport 2.5 Honda Accord Plug-In Hybrid Tesla Model 3 Honda Clarity Plug-In Hybrid Tesla Model S Hyundai Ioniq Plug-In Hybrid Tesla Model X Hyundai Sonata Plug-in Hybrid Volkswagen e-Golf Mercedes C350 Plug-in Hybrid Mercedes S550 Plug-in Hybrid Mercedes-Benz GLE550e Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV Porsche Cayenne S E-Hybrid Porsche Panamera S E-Hybrid Toyota Prius Plug-In Toyota Prius Prime Volvo XC90 T8 Via Motors VTRUX 30 30 31 Resources

Learn more about electric vehicles and charging options:

afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity goelectricdrive.com pluginamerica.org www.cleancities.org

Find charging stations: Visit the U.S. Department of Energy’s Alternative Fueling Station Locator: afdc.energy.gov/afdc/locator/stations/

Learn about incentives and opportunities: liveelectric.org utahcleancities.org

32 Written and produced by WSU Extension Energy & PRR under contract to Western Washington Clean Cities. With edits by Utah Clean Cities. This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-EE0002020. Disclaimer: This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.

33 What’s not to get AMPED up about?

• Modern innovation • High tech • Cleaner air • Affordable • Fun to drive • Quiet

34