Source Investigation Remedial

TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM Source Investigation RI/FS Field Sampling Plan Addendum No. 1 Griggs and Walnut Avenue PCE Groundwater Plume

PREPARED FOR: Petra Sanchez/EPA Region 6

PREPARED BY: CH2M HILL

PREPARED UNDER: EPA Region 6 Response Action Contract No. 68-W6-0036 Work Assignment No. 961-RICO-06HZ

DATE: May 9, 2002

A review of potential sources of tetrachloroethylene (also known as perchloroethylene, or PCE) in the vicinity of the Griggs and Walnut Ground Water Plume (GWP) Superfund Site has been performed. This review included potential sources identified in the Hazard Ranking Scoring package for the site, and the identification of the location of current and historical dry cleaners and other facilities that might potentially have used PCE in the area of the site. In addition, a search was performed to locate facilities in Las Cruces identified in the RCRIS and CERCLIS databases, performed using the EPA’s Envirofacts website. Based on the review of the potential point sources in the area of the plume, activities for a Source Investigation (SI) were suggested to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for determining if point sources of the ground water contamination could be located. These activities were included in a technical memorandum (TM) submitted to EPA as an addendum to the Technical Activities Work Plan (TAWP), Version 1.3 (CH2M HILL, 2002a, and CH2M HILL, 2002e). The activities described in the TAWP Addendum are designed to provide data concerning potential source areas and data to be used in support of the Remedial Investigation (RI).

The purpose of this Addendum is to incorporate changes into the Field Sampling Plan (FSP) Version 1.1 (CH2M HILL, 2002b) that are a result of the additional activities to be conducted during the SI. Applicable changes to the analytical procedures for the Source Investigation work are addressed in the Addendum No. 1 to the Quality Assurance Project Plan Version 1.1 (CH2M HILL, 2002c and CH2M HILL, 2002f). Also applicable to the work is the Site Management Plan, Version 1.1 (CH2M HILL, 2002d) (the SMP did not require changes for the source investigation portion of the work).

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This addendum is organized into the following sections: Page

1.0 Introduction ...... 5 1.1 Site Description and Background ...... 5 1.2 Overview of Source Investigation Activities ...... 5 1.3 Project Schedule ...... 6 1.4 Project Team ...... 6 1.5 FSP Addendum Organization ...... 6 2.0 Field Investigation Objectives ...... 7 2.1 Project Objectives ...... 7 2.2 Data Quality Objectives ...... 7 2.3 Field Activity Summary ...... 7 3.0 Source Investigation Support Activities ...... 8 4.0 Source Investigation Field Activities ...... 8 4.1 Soil Vapor Surveys ...... 8 4.2 Soil Sampling Activities ...... 10 4.3 Monitor Well Drilling Activities ...... 11 4.4 Monitor Well Completion Activities ...... 11 4.5 Placement of Annular Materials and Monitor Well Development ...... 12 5.0 Sample Handling and Analysis ...... 13 5.1 Field Quality Control Samples ...... 14 5.2 Sample Custody and Identification ...... 14 5.3 Record Keeping ...... 15 6.0 Data Management Plan ...... 15 7.0 Decontamination and Investigation-Derived Waste Procedures ...... 15 8.0 References Cited ...... 16

List of Tables

Table 1-1 Summary of Source Investigation Field Activities Table 5-1 Sampling Frequency and Analytical Methods Table 5-2 Sample Containers, Preservatives, and Holding Time

List of Figures

Figure 1-1 Locations of Proposed New Monitor Wells and Previously Identified Potential Sources of PCE Figure 4-1 Soil Vapor Concentrations at 8 ft. bgs at the DACTD Maintenance Yard and Proposed Soil Vapor Survey Areas

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List of Attachments

Attachment A EnCore™ Sampling Procedures Attachment B MaxiSimulProbe Information Attachment C Water FLUTe Information Attachment D PhotoVac Voyager Information

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1.0 Introduction

This addendum to the Griggs and Walnut Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) FSP (CH2M HILL, 2002b) has been prepared to incorporate and describe activities to be conducted in support of a Source Investigation (SI) to be conducted for this site. An overview of the work tasks to be conducted is provided in the addendum to the TAWP (CH2M HILL, 2002a and CH2M HILL, 2002e).

1.1 Site Description and Background The GWP Site is a plume of ground water contaminated with PCE. The plume is centered near the intersection of Griggs Avenue and Walnut Street in Las Cruces, Doña Ana County, New Mexico. The plume currently affects four municipal water supply wells (City of Las Cruces (CLC) Well Nos. 18, 19, 21, and 27). Another municipal supply well (CLC Well No. 24) is also contaminated with PCE, but it is unknown at this time if the contamination in this well is associated with the contamination in the other affected wells. To date, only one well, CLC Well No. 18, has demonstrated PCE concentrations above the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 5.0 micrograms per liter (ug/L). However, CLC Well No. 27 has demonstrated PCE concentrations as high as 4.9 ug/L, and both CLC Well No. 18 and CLC Well No. 27 have been removed from the public water supply system. A more detailed description of the site history, potential sources of contamination, nature and extent of contamination, and site environmental setting are provided in Sections 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3, and 1.1.4 of the FSP Version 1.1 (CH2M HILL, 2002b).

1.2 Overview of Source Investigation Activities The purpose of the SI is to provide data concerning the locations of potential sources of the PCE plume at the GWP Site. In addition, the SI will also provide some data for use in determining the nature and extent (horizontal and vertical) of the contamination in the plume. An overview of the SI tasks is described in the TAWP Addendum (CH2M HILL, 2002a). This TM will describe the specific field activities to be conducted during the SI. These activities include the completion of three soil vapor surveys and collection of soil samples using direct-push technology (DPT), the installation of up to seven monitor wells, and the collection of soil vapor and ground water samples using the MaxiSimulProbe

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004090 SOURCE INVESTIGATION, ADDENDUM NO. 1 TO THE RI/FS FIELD SAMPLING PLAN VERSION 1.1 GRIGGS AND WALNUT AVENUE PCE GROUNDWATER PLUME during the drilling of each monitor well. These samples will be analyzed on-site using a field portable gas chromatograph (GC). The soil vapor surveys will be completed at the Doña Ana County Transportation Department (DACTD) Maintenance Yard, located at 2025 E. Griggs Avenue, the former National Guard Armory, located at 701 N. Solano Drive, and the former Crawford Airport (currently the location of the City of Las Cruces (CLC) Fleet Maintenance Facility), located at 1501 E. Hadley Avenue. In addition, a focused soil vapor survey and soil sampling will be conducted at the CLC Fleet Maintenance Facility around the location where a PCE tank was located (this activity will be completed only if the location of the tank can be determined). The location of each facility is shown on Figure 1-1. Figure 1-1 also shows the locations for each proposed monitor well. The first three monitor well locations are identified as Wells A, B, and C in the TAWP and Addendum No. 1 to the TAWP (CH2M HILL, 2002a, and CH2M HILL, 2002e). The other four locations are identified as Wells M, N, O, and P in Addendum No. 1 to the TAWP Version 1.3 (CH2M HILL, 2002e).

1.3 Project Schedule The overall project schedule for the field activities is illustrated in Table 1-1. As stated in the FSP, refinements to the schedule are likely and will be communicated by the Project Manager (PM) to the field team via project instruction updates.

1.4 Project Team The project team organization can be found in Table 1-4 of the FSP Version 1.1.

1.5 Addendum Organization Provided in Section 2.0 of this Addendum is an overview of the SI objectives. Section 3.0 summarizes the field support activities. The field investigation activities are described Section 4.0. Section 5.0 describes the sample handling and analysis procedures, and Section 6.0 provides data management procedures. Section 7.0 describes the decontamination and IDW procedures. A list of references is included as Section 8.0.

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2.0 Field Investigation Objectives

During development of the TAWP (CH2M HILL, 2002a), available information for the site was reviewed and used to develop both project objectives and Data Quality Objectives (DQOs). The DQOs were used as the basis for development of the field activities described in the FSP Version 1.1, and the DQOs have been used to develop the field activities described in this addendum to the FSP.

2.1 Project Objectives The objective of the SI is to collect data that is sufficient for determining whether or not sources of the PCE contamination exist at several locations in the vicinity, including the DACTD maintenance yard, the former National Guard Armory, the former Crawford Airport/CLC Fleet Maintenance Facility, or at the PCE tank location at the CLC Fleet Maintenance Facility. In addition, wells are planned to evaluate the potential for upgradient sources to exist west of the known extent of the plume. For more detail on the objectives of the investigation, refer to the TAWP Version 1.3 Table 4-1 (CH2M HILL, 2002a) and the TAWP Addendum No. 1 (CH2M HILL, 2002e).

2.2 Data Quality Objectives The project Data Quality Objectives (DQOs) are listed in Table 4-1 of the TAWP Version 1.3. These Data Quality Objectives apply for the SI.

2.3 Field Activity Summary Table 1-1 gives a summary of the field activities associated with the SI. The two main aspects of the SI field investigation will include soil vapor surveys and monitor well drilling/installations. Related support activities will include a site reconnaissance, utility location survey, initial sample location survey, mobilization/demobilization activities, horizontal and vertical surveying of sample locations, and the procurement, management, and control of equipment and supplies to conduct the field investigation. Support activities are discussed in Section 3.0. Field investigation activities are discussed in Section 4.0.

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3.0 Source Investigation Support Activities

Several activities will be conducted in support of the sampling activities as part of the field investigation for the SI. These activities are planned for completion prior to or subsequent to the majority of the sampling activities. Support activities include a site reconnaissance, utility location survey, initial sample location survey, mobilization/demobilization activities, horizontal and vertical surveying of sample locations, and the procurement, management, and control of equipment and supplies to conduct the field investigation. These types of activities are described in detail in Section 3 of the FSP Version 1.1 (CH2M HILL, 2002b). Section 3.1 of the FSP Version 1.1 describes activities associated with the site reconnaissance, which includes the utility survey and initial sample location survey. Mobilization and demobilization activities are described in Section 3.2 of the FSP Version 1.1. Section 3.3 describes property control procedures, and surveying is discussed in Section 3.4 of the FSP Version 1.1.

4.0 Source Investigation Field Activities

The field investigation will include soil vapor surveys conducted via DPT, collection and analysis of soil vapor samples, collection and analysis of soil samples, drilling and installation of monitor wells, and collection and analysis of ground water samples. The procedures for these activities are described in the following paragraphs. Analyses will be focused on the detection of PCE and its degradation products (volatile organic compounds [VOCs]).

4.1 Soil Vapor Surveys Soil vapor surveys will be completed at the former National Guard Armory, the former Crawford Airport/CLC Fleet Maintenance Facility, and the DACTD Maintenance Yard. The location of each facility is shown on Figure 1-1. A DPT rig will be used to collect soil vapor samples from the shallow unsaturated zone at each location. These samples will be analyzed onsite by a close-support mobile laboratory by the soil vapor survey subcontractor. A duplicate sample will be collected via Summa canisters at 10% of the sample locations and submitted to an offsite subcontracted laboratory for confirmation analysis.

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At the former National Guard Armory and the former Crawford Airport/CLC Fleet Maintenance Facility, a reconnaissance soil vapor survey will be performed. A sample grid will be established at each location. A boring will be completed for collection of soil vapor samples every 100 square feet. For both surveys, the DPT tool will be pushed at each sample location to 20 feet below ground surface (bgs) or until refusal, whichever is encountered first. Soil vapor samples will be collected at 5 feet intervals from each boring. An additional 10 borings are included for both surveys to allow a focused investigation in areas where PCE is detected, or if the presence of PCE in the soil vapor is widespread, these additional borings will be used to focus on areas where PCE concentrations are higher. Up to 44 borings will be completed and up to 176 soil vapor samples will be collected and analyzed at the former National Guard Armory, and up to 40 borings will be completed and up to 160 soil vapor samples will be collected and analyzed at the former Crawford Airport/CLC Fleet Maintenance Facility as part of these reconnaissance soil vapor surveys. A total of up to 34 confirmation samples will be collected and submitted to an offsite laboratory for analysis.

At the DACTD Maintenance Yard, PCE contamination in the shallow subsurface soil vapor was documented as part of the New Mexico Environment Department’s (NMED) Focused Site Inspection. However, the previous soil vapor survey collected samples at 8 feet bgs only. PCE was detected in the soil vapor at concentrations ranging up to 12 parts per billion by volume (ppb-v), and PCE soil vapor contamination was highest in two areas: (1) the paint storage area in the northeast corner of the yard; and (2) the drum storage area in the northwest corner of the yard. These two areas are shown on Figure 4-1. As part of the SI, a focused soil vapor survey will be conducted in both areas. Up to 30 DPT borings will be completed between both areas for the collection of soil vapor samples. At up to 28 of the borings, the DPT tool will be pushed to 20 feet bgs or refusal, whichever occurs first, and a soil vapor sample will be collected at 5 feet intervals in each boring. At two borings (one at each area), the DPT tool will be pushed to 50 feet bgs or refusal, whichever occurs first, and a soil vapor sample will be collected at 5 feet intervals in each boring. A total of up to 132 soil vapor samples will be collected and analyzed at the DACTD Maintenance Yard. In addition, up to 13 confirmation samples will be collected and submitted to an off-site subcontracted laboratory for analysis.

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As mentioned above, the CLC Fleet Maintenance Yard is currently located at 1501 East Hadley Avenue, and is also the former location of part of the Crawford Airport. It is not known when the city began operations at this facility. Historical PCE use at this facility, staged in a tank serviced by Safety Kleene, is documented (City of Las Cruces, 2001). If the location of this tank can be determined, then a focused soil vapor survey will be conducted in the area where the tank was located. This survey will be completed in the same manner as the reconnaissance soil vapor survey that will be conducted at this facility. Up to 10 DPT borings will completed as part of this focused investigation, and up to 40 soil vapor samples will be collected and analyzed onsite. In addition, up to 4 confirmation samples will be collected and submitted to an off-site subcontracted laboratory for analysis.

4.2 Soil Sampling Activities Subsurface soil sampling will also be conducted in the area of the former PCE tank to evaluate potential PCE contamination of the soil near the PCE tank. Up to ten borings will be completed using DPT to a depth of 20 feet bgs or refusal, whichever occurs first. Each boring will be continuously sampled using a 3 feet long by 2 inch inside diameter split core barrel with an internal liner for soil sample collection. Each core will be logged in the field by a geologist for lithology. During lithologic logging, each core will be screened with a photoionization detector (PID) to evaluate the presence of organic vapors. In addition, at 2.5 feet intervals, soil will be collected into a plastic bag (such as ZipLock™), set aside for at least fifteen minutes, and then head space measurements will be taken with the PID. Soil samples will be collected for VOC analysis based on visual or olfactory observations, and/or PID and head space measurements taken during drilling. Up to four samples will be collected from each boring. The first three will correspond to the highest PID and/or head space measurements or where staining and/or odors are noted, and the fourth sample will be collected from the bottom of the boring. Samples will be collected with EnCore™ samplers and analyzed for VOCs using EPA method SW846/5035/8260B. These samples will be analyzed by either the EPA Region 6 Laboratory in Houston, Texas or through the Contract Laboratory Program (CLP). Additional information regarding EnCore™ Samplers is included in Attachment A to this TM.

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4.3 Monitor Well Drilling Activities As part of the SI, up to seven monitor wells will be installed. A discussion of each proposed monitor well is included in the Addendum No. 1 to the TAWP Version 1.3 (CH2M HILL, 2002e). The discussion provided in the Addendum to the TAWP includes the reason for each well installation as well as the anticipated drilling depths for each well. Each proposed location is shown on Figure 1-1. Exact drilling locations will be determined by the FTL and Project Manager (PM) prior to drilling based on observations of each location made during the site reconnaissance. A mud rotary/air rotary drill rig will be used to drill each borehole. It is expected that a 12 inch borehole will be drilled at each location to the depth of well completion. During drilling, a device capable of collecting soil vapor and ground water samples during drilling, the MaxiSimulProbe, will be used to obtain soil vapor and ground water analytical data at multiple depth intervals. Additional information about the MaxiSimulProbe is included in Attachment B of this TM. It is anticipated that soil vapor samples will be collected at 20 feet intervals down to the water table, and ground water samples will be collected at 50 feet intervals from the water table down to the depth of borehole completion. The actual sampling intervals will be determined by the conditions encountered during drilling. These samples will be analyzed in the field using a PhotoVac Voyager field portable GC. Additional details concerning the sample analysis and the field portable GC are provided below. The FTL will be responsible for overseeing drilling activities and lithologic logging. In addition, geophysical logging will be employed to better characterize the geology and hydrogeology at depth across the site. The geophysical logs that will be run will include natural gamma, resistivity, temperature, and spontaneous potential. The geophysical logging services will be subcontracted through the drilling subcontractor. The results of the geophysical logging will be provided to the FTL and PM for interpretation. The results of the sample analytical data and the geophysical logging will be used to determine how each well will be completed and where each well will be screened.

4.4 Monitor Well Completion Activities The final installation of each monitor well will be dependent upon the analytical data collected during drilling. If the analytical results show that the contaminant concentrations are fairly uniform with depth in the aquifer, or if the data show only one zone within the aquifer where contaminant concentrations are

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high relative to the rest of the plume (which would suggest a preferential pathway for flow of the contamination), then two monitors wells will be completed within a single borehole. If a highly contaminated zone is discovered based on the analytical data, then one well will be screened across that interval. The other well will be screened at a location selected to monitor contaminant concentrations in the rest of the plume. This well may or may not be screened at the water table. It may also be determined that contamination is not present at the selected drilling location. If this occurs, then a single monitor well will be installed and screened at the water table to verify and monitor the extent of contamination. Each individual well will be constructed of 4 inch internal diameter, Schedule 80 polyvinyl chloride (PVC) risers with 0.010 inch slotted screens. The screen lengths may vary depending upon the interval to be monitored, but no screen will be shorter than 5 feet or longer than 20 feet. The FTL and PM will be responsible for selecting the screened intervals and lengths for each well.

If during drilling, the analytical results show that the contaminant concentrations vary with depth, and multiple zones of preferential contaminant flow are present, then wells will be completed in such a manner as to allow for the installation of a Water FLUTe Multi-Level Sampling System during the follow-up investigation for the RI. (see Section 4.3.3 of the FSP for a discussion of the Water FLUTe. Additional information is also included in Attachment C of this TM). In this case, to complete the well, a single 6 inch internal diameter blank steel casing will be inserted into the borehole. The annular space of the borehole will then be backfilled with cement grout. The well will be completed at the surface and capped until the Water FLUTe is installed. Later, during the RI, the blank steel casing would then be perforated at the selected monitoring intervals and the Water FLUTe installed into the blank casing. This approach adds flexibility to decisions regarding the locations of sampling intervals for the Water FLUTes. More time would be allowed for the interpretation of the analytical data collected during drilling and the geophysical logs prior to determining where the sampling intervals would be completed on the Water FLUTe.

4.5 Placement of Annular Materials and Monitor Well Development For each single or double well completion, the annular materials will be placed in the open borehole in the following manner. Each borehole will be backfilled to seven feet below the desired screen interval

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004097 SOURCE INVESTIGATION, ADDENDUM NO. 1 TO THE RI/FS FIELD SAMPLING PLAN VERSION 1.1 GRIGGS AND WALNUT AVENUE PCE GROUNDWATER PLUME with a cement grout/bentonite mixture. The bentonite will be used to reduce shrinkage and cracking of the cement. The mixture will be placed in the borehole using a tremmie pipe. The gravel/sand pack will be placed from two feet below to two feet above the screened interval. The size of the gravel/sand pack will be determined by the FTL based on field observations of formation samples obtained during drilling. Approximately 5 feet of transition sand will be placed below and on top of the gravel/sand pack to prevent the intrusion of grout into the gravel/sand pack. An annular seal consisting of a 50:50 mixture (dry volume) of bentonite chips and sand will be placed between the screened intervals, and a similar two feet thick annular seal will be placed on top of the uppermost transition sand. The remaining annular space will be backfilled with a cement grout/bentonite mixture from the top of the upper most annular seal up to ground surface. The only annular materials that will be used for single cased wells intended for the installation of the Water FLUTe will consist of a cement grout/bentonite mixture. These wells will be completed through perforation techniques during the RI.

Monitor well development will be conducted to remove fluids introduced during drilling and sediments that entered the screened zone during installation. Further information regarding well development can be found in Section 4.3.4 of the FSP Version 1.1.

Each boring will be lithologically logged by an onsite geologist/engineer during drilling on a Soil Boring Log. Well installation details will also be recorded on a Well Installation Diagram. Records of well development will be maintained on a Well Development Record Form. Examples of these forms are included in Appendix A of the FSP Version 1.1. At this time, ground water sampling after well installation will not be conducted as part of the SI.

5.0 Sample Handling and Analysis

The soil vapor samples collected via DPT will be analyzed onsite by the DPT subcontractor. Soil vapor and ground water samples collected during drilling will be analyzed onsite using the PhotoVac Voyage field portable GC. Soil samples, all quality control (QC) samples, and investigation-derived waste (IDW) characterization samples will be submitted to an off-site laboratory through the Contract Laboratory

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Program (CLP), the EPA Region 6 lab in Houston, Texas, or a subcontracted laboratory. All analytical methods are described in the QAPP Version 1.1 and Addendum No. 1 to the QAPP Version 1.1 (CH2M HILL, 2002c, and CH2M HILL, 2002f).

Table 5-1 contains a detailed list of the sampling frequency and analytical methods to be employed during the SI. Table 5-2 lists the sample containers, preservatives, and holding times for each analysis. Additional details regarding sample handling and analysis, record keeping, and quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) procedures are included in Section 5 of the FSP Version 1.1, the QAPP Version 1.1, and the QAPP Addendum No. 1. Soil vapor and ground water samples collected during drilling will be analyzed onsite using the PhotoVac Voyager Field Portable GC. Additional information about the PhotoVac Voyager is contained in Attachment D to this TM. Details regarding the operation and QA/QC procedures are detailed in the QAPP Addendum No. 1. The analytical data obtained from these samples will be considered screening level data. The PhotoVac Voyager will be set up and operated inside the site field trailer to maintain climate control and improve analytical reliability. Samples collected during drilling will be preserved and analyzed according to the requirements specified in the QAPP Addendum No. 1.

5.1 Field Quality Control Samples Definition and frequency of field QC samples are described in Section 5.1 of the FSP Version 1.1. In addition, 10% duplicate samples will be collected for the soil vapor and groundwater samples analyzed using the field portable GC will be collected and submitted to an off-site laboratory for confirmation analysis. These samples will be submitted along with equipment blanks and trip blanks for VOC analysis by the EPA Region 6 Laboratory or the CLP.

5.2 Sample Custody and Identification Sample custody and identification are described in Section 5.2 of the FSP Version 1.1. These procedures will be followed during the SI.

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5.3 Record Keeping Field record keeping requirements are described in Section 5.3 of the FSP Version 1.1. Additional documentation guidelines are also included in Section 2.3 of the QAPP Version 1.1. These requirements will be followed during the SI.

6.0 Data Management Plan

Section 6 of the FSP Version 1.1 contains the Data Management Plan, which will be followed for the SI. Section 6.1 of the FSP Version 1.1 lists sample identification requirements. Sample management is discussed in Section 6.2 of the FSP Version 1.1. Transfer of sample data is detailed in Section 6.3, and sample data storage requirements are contained in Section 6.4 of the FSP Version 1.1. Section 6.5 of the FSP Version 1.1 discusses the data evaluation activities, and Section 6.6 details the data reporting requirements. Once all data management and data validation activities (see the QAPP and Section 6 of the FSP Version 1.1 for discussions of these activities) are completed, a Source Investigation Technical Memorandum (TM) will be produced to report the results of the source investigation. Included in this TM will be a Data Qaulity Evaluation summary that details the results of the analytical data validation and data technical evaluation tasks conducted by the Project Chemist.

7.0 Decontamination and Investigation-Derived Waste Procedures

Decontamination procedures and management of IDW are discussed in Section 7 of the FSP Version 1.1, and these procedures will be followed during the SI. Section 7.1 of the FSP Version 1.1 discusses equipment decontamination procedures, and Section 7.2 details IDW handling procedures.

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8.0 References Cited

CH2M HILL, 2002a. Technical Activities Work Plan, Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study, Griggs and Walnut Groundwater Plume Site, Las Cruces, New Mexico. Version 1.3. March 2002.

CH2M HILL, 2002b. Field Sampling Plan, Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study, Griggs and Walnut Groundwater Plume Site, Las Cruces, New Mexico. Version 1.1, March 2002.

CH2M HILL, 2002c. Quality Assurance Project Plan, Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study, Griggs and Walnut Groundwater Plume Site, Las Cruces, New Mexico. Version 1.1, March 2002.

CH2M HILL, 2002d. Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study Site Management Plan, Griggs and Walnut Avenue Groundwater Plume Site. Version 1.1. March 2002.

CH2M HILL, 2002e. Technical Memorandum: Source Investigation, Addendum No. 1 to the Technical Activities Work Plan, Griggs and Walnut Groundwater Plume Site. March 2002.

CH2M HILL, 2002f. Technical Memorandum: Source Investigation, Addendum No. 1 to the Quality Assurance Project Plan, Griggs and Walnut Groundwater Plume Site. May 2002.

City of Las Cruces, 2001. Letter from the City of Las Cruces to Lydia Behn/EPA Enforcement Division, regarding the City of Las Cruces’s response to EPA’s CERCLA Section 104 (e) request. August 21, 2001.

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004101 Source Investigation, Addendum No. 1 to the Field Sampling Plan Version 1.1 Griggs and Walnut Ground Water Plume Site Source Investigation Table 1-1 Summary of Source Investigation Field Activities Griggs and Walnut Ground Water Plume Site Las Cruces, New Mexico

Prerequisite Field Sequential Activity Dependent Field Activities Schedule for Beginning Activities Activities Preliminary utility survey - prior to the site reconnaissance, Blue Stake will be contacted and provided with locations of nearest street corners and intersections adjacent to proposed drilling sites. A map showing proposed drilling 1 locations will be provided to the City of Las Cruces. 2, 3 Week of April 22 Site Reconnaissance - meeting with city and county officials concerning site access, sample locations and initial sample location survey, and insuring that utility locations have been 2 marked. 1 All drilling activities. April 22, 2002, through April 26, 2002 Mobilization (personnel, field trailer brought to site, phone and electrical hookups, equipment shipped to site, set-up of 3 IDW staging area). 1 All subsequent activities. April 22, 2002, through April 26, 2002 Direct-Push shallow soil investigations. These investigations will occur at the DACTD Maintenance Yard, the former National Guard Armory, and the former Crawford Airport/CLC Fleet Maintenance Facility. Includes drilling, soil 4 vapor sampling, and analysis onsite. 4 April 29, 2002, through June 19, 2002

Investigation of former PCE tank - includes drilling, soil vapor sampling and on-site analysis, and collection of subsurface soil samples. Soil samples will be analyzed for VOCs at an offsite laboratory. This task will be performed During soil vapor survey at the former Crawford Airport/CLC 5 only if the former PCE tank location can be determined. 4 Fleet Maintenance Facility Monitor well installations - Up to 7 wells will be installed. This activity includes drilling, soil vapor and ground water sample collection with on-site analysis, well installation, and 6 well development. 4 May 13, 2002, through July 3, 2002 Surveying - all newly installed wells, some existing wells, direct-push locations, and subsurface soil sampling locations 7 will be surveyed. 4, 5, & 6 End of Field Investigation 8 Demobilization and IDW disposal. All activities End of Field Investigation

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004102 SOURCE INVESTIGATION, ADDENDUM NO. 1 TO THE RI/FS FIELD SAMPLING PLAN VERSION 1.1 GRIGGS AND WALNUT AVENUE PCE GROUNDWATER PLUME

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004103 Source Investigation, Addendum No. 1 to the Field Sampling Plan Version 1.1 Griggs and Walnut Ground Water Plume Site Source Investigation Table 5-1 Sampling Frequency and Analytical Methods Griggs and Walnut Ground Water Plume Site Las Cruces, New Mexico Normal Field Equipment Analyte Matrix Analytical Method Samples Duplicate Blank MS/MSD Field Blank Trip Blank Total Soil Vapor Surveys via DPT VOCs1 Gas SW846/8021 508 508 VOCs2 Gas TO-14 51 51 Soil Sampling VOCs Soil SW846/5035/8260B 40 4 2 46 VOCs Water SW846/8260B 2 2 2 6 MaxiSimulProbe Sampling During Monitor Well Drilling and Installation VOCs Water PhotoVac Voyager 64 64 VOCs2 Water SW846/8260B 6 28 28 62 VOCs Gas PhotoVac Voyager 51 51 VOCs2 Gas TO-14 5 5 Investigation-Derived Waste Characterization TCLP Soil SW846/1311 14 14 VOCs Soil SW846/8260B 28 28 SVOCs Soil SW846/8270C 28 28 RCRA Metals Soil SW846/6010B/7470A 28 28 Pesticides Soil SW846/8081A 28 28 Herbicides Soil SW846/8151A 28 28 Ignitability Soil SW846/1030 14 14 Corrosivity Soil SW846/9045C 14 14 Reactivity Soil SW846/Chapter 7 14 14

Notes: MS - Matrix Spike MSD - Matrix Spike Duplicate VOCs - Volatile Organic Compounds SVOCs - Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds TCLP - Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure RCRA - Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 1 - Soil vapor samples will be collected by the soil vapor subcontractor. QA/QC sample requirements will be established in the subcontractor scope of work 2 - 10 % Duplicates will be collected for off-site confirmatory analysis

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004104 SOURCE INVESTIGATION, ADDENDUM NO. 1 TO THE RI/FS FIELD SAMPLING PLAN VERSION 1.1 GRIGGS AND WALNUT AVENUE PCE GROUNDWATER PLUME

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GWP_FSP_VER1.1_ADDENDUM1_2002-05-09.WPD MAY 2002

004105 Source Investigation, Addendum No. 1 to the Field Sampling Plan Version 1.1 Griggs and Walnut Ground Water Plume Site Source Investigation Table 5-2 Sample Containers, Preservatives, and Holding Times Griggs and Walnut Ground Water Plume Site Las Cruces, New Mexico Analytical Number of Container Method Matrix Preservative Holding Time Fraction Containers Size/Type Ground Water HCl, pH < 2, chill VOCs SW846/8260B water 3 40 mL, G 4 degrees C 14 days HCl, pH < 2, chill VOCs CLP OLC 02.1 water 2 40 mL, G 4 degrees C 14 days Field Portable Gas VOCs Chromatograph water 1 40 mL, G NA ASAP Soils VOCs SW846/5035/8260B soil 3 EnCoreTM chill 4 degrees C 48 hours 1 4 oz., G Soil Vapor VOCs SW846/8021 mod. gas 1 6L Summa Canister NA 14 days VOCs TO-14 gas 1 Gas-tight syringe NA 1 hour Investigation-Derived Waste Characterization TCLP SW846/1311 soil 1 NA NA NA 14 day TCLP extr; 14 day VOCs SW846/8260B soil 1 4 oz., G chill 4 degrees C analysis 14 day TCLP extr; 7 day extr; 40 SVOCs SW846/8270C soil 1 4 oz., G chill 4 degrees C day analysis 6 month TCLP extr ;6 month analysis, Hg: 28 day TCLP extr; RCRA Metals SW846/6010B/7470A soil 1 4 oz., G chill 4 degrees C 28 day analysis 14 day TCLP extr; 7 day extr; 40 Pesticides SW846/8081A soil 1 4 oz., G chill 4 degrees C day analysis 14 day TCLP extr; 7 day extr; 40 Herbicides SW846/81511A soil 1 4 oz., G chill 4 degrees C day analysis

Ignitability SW846/1030 soil 1 4 oz., G chill 4 degrees C ASAP

Corrosivity SW846/9045C soil 1 4 oz., G chill 4 degrees C ASAP

Reactivity SW846/Chapter 7 soil 1 4 oz., G chill 4 degrees C ASAP

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004106 SOURCE INVESTIGATION, ADDENDUM NO. 1 TO THE RI/FS FIELD SAMPLING PLAN VERSION 1.1 GRIGGS AND WALNUT AVENUE PCE GROUNDWATER PLUME

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GWP_FSP_VER1.1_ADDENDUM1_2002-05-09.WPD MAY 2002

004107 Comet Cleaners 2497 N Main r #CLC Well 28

Norgetown Laundrette 1308 E Madrid r N CLC Well 54 # 1 Triangle Dry Cleaning Former Crawford Airport & Current Location 2137 N Main of the City of Las Cruces Fleet r Maintenance Yard Interstate 25 North Solano Drive # Spruce Avenue

# Former Smith & Aguirre Construction # Company Former National Dependable Dry Cleaning Well J Guard Armory Well K % & Laundry % ð Paz Park CLC Well 833 N Church # CLC Well 21 CLC Well 10 # East Hadley Avenue ? Well A % One Hour Cleaners Well L %Well M % ðMW-SF10 1047 N Main ? MW-SF8ð Well I # % ð CLC Well 19 # LRG-7375 Well B GasCardWell ð MW-SF5 MW-SF-1 % r % ð CLC Well 18 ð Well O Model Cleaners & Laundry ð MW-3 MW-2 120 W Picacho r MW-SF7 MW-SF4 % MW-SF6 ð MW-1 Well H r MW-6 MW-SF3 ð CLC Well 57 # 1 ? ð ðð ð ðCLC Well 27 Main Street USA Cleaners ð ð ð ð MW-5 % % # 705 N Main r Well E ð # Well N Well D % MW-SF9 Former Burns Construction East Las Cruces Avenue % % Well G Well F Company r LRG-3191 MW-SF2 ð # Las Cruces Laundry & Cleaners % ? CLC Well 20 Well C # 500 N Main r MW-4 r South Solano Drive # r Eubanks Cleaners r East Lohman Avenue 203 E Las Cruces Griggs Avenue South Telshor Blvd. 1 Enbanks Cleaners r Quick Service Cleaners Dona Ana County CLC Well 26 Alameda Laundry and Cleaners / # Smith's Foods 250 W Las Cruces r 131 N Water # Transportation Department 2200 E Lohman Maintenance Yard # Model Cleaners # CLC Well 61 127 W Griggs Walnut Street Comet 1 Hour Cleaners 2001 E.Lohman ? ? ð CLC Well 24 r ? Alameda Laundry and Cleaners 645 S Alameda 600 0 600 1200 1800 Feet

Legend Figure 1-1 r Locations Used For Dry Cleaning ? Estimated Extent of PCE Detections 1 Most recent business name given, Between 1955 - 1990 (locations estimated) (based on existing monitor and water supply see table 1 for a full list of businesses Locations of Proposed New Monitor Wells well sample analysis) operated at this location. ð Locations Where PCE Has Been Detected General Groundwater & Previously Identified Potential Sources of PCE # Locations Where PCE Has Not Been Detected Gradient % Proposed Monitor Well Locations as % Proposed Monitor Well as Part of Griggs & Walnut Ground Water Plume Site Part of Remedial Investigation Pre RI Source Investigation Las Cruces, New Mexico GWP_FSP_Ver1.1_Addendum1_Figure1.pdf

004108 SOURCE INVESTIGATION, ADDENDUM NO. 1 TO THE RI/FS FIELD SAMPLING PLAN VERSION 1.1 GRIGGS AND WALNUT AVENUE PCE GROUNDWATER PLUME

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GWP_FSP_VER1.1_ADDENDUM1_2002-05-09.WPD MAY 2002

004109 GP-28 ND Vacant Lot Asphalt Mixing Area GP-16 City of Las Cruces GP-17 9 ppb GP-5 Well 18 7 ppb GP-21 GP-29 ~1 ppb GP-22 12 ppb GP-30 MW-SF1 7ppb GP-4 6 ppb Trace GP-25 ND Storage GP-12 GP-14 4 ppb Metal 6 ppb MW-SF4 Shed GP-23 7ppb Storage GP-13 ND MW-3 2-3 ppb GP-26 GP-15 ND GP-11 3 ppb GP-3 GP-24 1-2 ppb GP-18 1-2 ppb 3 ppb GP-10 3 ppb GP-31 1 ppb MW-SF2 Gasoline ND Shop MW-2 Wash Bay GP-9 GP-27 GP-7 1 ppb GP-19 trace ND ND GP-20 ND GP-6 Diesel MW-1

MW-SF3 ND Shop Overhang GP-8 GP-32 GP-2 2-3 ppb ND 1-2 ppb-v Cemetery

MW-4 Office Building GP-1 ND Parking Lot

MW-5 Griggs Avenue

Cottonwood Street Unpaved Parking Lot GP-33 ND Unpaved Scale Legend Willow Street Parking Lot 50 0 100 200 MW-4 monitoring well N GP-1 Geoprobe point ND PCE concentration (ppb-v) ND not detected 1 Inch Equals 100 Feet fence Figure 5 Results of soil vapor survey at the Doña Ana County Transportation Department, New Mexico Environment Department 2025 East Griggs Avenue, Las Cruces, New Mexico. Ground Water Quality Bureau Drawn by: J. Shain 8/99 Superfund Oversight Section Ground Water, Griggs and Walnut Site, CERCLIS Number: NM0002271286 Last modified by: christopher holmes 10/2000

004110 SOURCE INVESTIGATION, ADDENDUM NO. 1 TO THE RI/FS FIELD SAMPLING PLAN VERSION 1.1 GRIGGS AND WALNUT AVENUE PCE GROUNDWATER PLUME

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004111 SOURCE INVESTIGATION, ADDENDUM NO. 1 TO THE RI/FS FIELD SAMPLING PLAN VERSION 1.1 GRIGGS AND WALNUT AVENUE PCE GROUNDWATER PLUME

Attachment A EnCore™ Sampling Procedures

GWP_FSP_VER1.1_ADDENDUM1_2002-05-09.WPD MAY 2002

004112 SOURCE INVESTIGATION, ADDENDUM NO. 1 TO THE RI/FS FIELD SAMPLING PLAN VERSION 1.1 GRIGGS AND WALNUT AVENUE PCE GROUNDWATER PLUME

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004113 004114 SOURCE INVESTIGATION, ADDENDUM NO. 1 TO THE RI/FS FIELD SAMPLING PLAN VERSION 1.1 GRIGGS AND WALNUT AVENUE PCE GROUNDWATER PLUME

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GWP_FSP_VER1.1_ADDENDUM1_2002-05-09.WPD MAY 2002

004115 SOURCE INVESTIGATION, ADDENDUM NO. 1 TO THE RI/FS FIELD SAMPLING PLAN VERSION 1.1 GRIGGS AND WALNUT AVENUE PCE GROUNDWATER PLUME

Attachment B MaxiSimulProbe Information

GWP_FSP_VER1.1_ADDENDUM1_2002-05-09.WPD MAY 2002

004116 SOURCE INVESTIGATION, ADDENDUM NO. 1 TO THE RI/FS FIELD SAMPLING PLAN VERSION 1.1 GRIGGS AND WALNUT AVENUE PCE GROUNDWATER PLUME

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GWP_FSP_VER1.1_ADDENDUM1_2002-05-09.WPD MAY 2002

004117 Written SOPs (vacuum box)

BESST, INC. 16 Diane Lane, Suite 100, Larkspur, CA 94939 800.553.1755 / 415.453.2501 / 415.453.2509 (fax) email: [email protected] www.besstinc.com

004118 SimulProbe Technologies, Inc. Vacuum Box STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR THE SIMULPROBE VACUUM BOX

1.0 INTRODUCTION:

The SimulProbe Vacuum Box is designed to allow you to collect a soil gas sample directly from the soil gas line into a Tedlar Bag without first passing the sample through a pump. This eliminates the question of cross contamination from the pump’s interior parts (rubber diaphragm, filters, gauges, etc.) or the need to disassemble and/or decontaminate the pump after each sample. The concept is simple: The pump is used to evacuate the air from around the outside of the bag, causing natural atmospheric pressure to push the soil gas sample directly in the Tedlar Bag from the soil gas tubing.

2.0 ASSEMBLY:

2.1 Connect the Whitey Valve (valve with black handle) to the metal fitting on the side of the Vacuum box.

2.2 Connect the White and red plastic valve to the plastic port on the side of the Vacuum box by gently pushing the valve on to the fitting. The long silicon rubber tube should connect the metal T-fitting to the barbed nipple on the side of the white and red plastic valve. Set the control on the on the valve so that the middle black arrow points at the barbed nipple with the silicon rubber tube attached. Make sure that the red plug on the end of the valve is snug.

2.3 Connect the line from the SimulProbe, SVE well, or other soil gas source to the compression fitting on the bottom of the Whitey Valve. This fitting is designed to connect to 1/4” OD tubing using Swagelok ferrels. Brass Ferrels are fine for this application.

2.4 Connect the line from the Vacuum Pump to the barbed nipple on the bottom of the Stainless Steel T-fitting.

2.5 Point the handle of the Whitey Valve away from the Vacuum box and toward the T-fitting. This routes the soil gas directly to the pump for purging the system, bypassing the Tedlar bag.

004119 SimulProbe Technologies, Inc. Vacuum Box

2.6 Attach the Tedlar Bag to the end of the Teflon Tube inside of the Vacuum box. (Insert the inlet tube of the Tedlar Bag into the end of the Teflon Tube which extends in from the metal fitting.)

2.7 Open the Tedlar Bag’s valve.

2.8 Wipe the O-ring groove at the top edge of the Vacuum box base with a clean, damp paper towel or soft cloth and place the o-ring in the groove. (Skip this step if your o-ring is already glued into place.) Wipe the bottom edge of the Vacuum box top and place it on the base, making sure that the edge of the Tedlar bag is clear of the seal.

3.0 OPERATION:

3.1 Make sure that the arrow on the handle of the Whitey Valve is pointed away from the Vacuum box. This is the purge position.

3.2 Purge the volume of gas required by your project specific requirements. The flow indicator on the SimulProbe Vacuum Pump can be used to measure the purge if the flow rate five liters per minute or less. If the flow rate is greater than five LPM, the valve on the flow meter can be used to choke the flow back to the range of the meter, if exact measurements are required.

3.3 During the purge, check the Tedlar Bag. If it shows any inflation, the connection between the Whitey Valve and the Vacuum Box is leaking. Tighten the knurled nut to stop the leak.

3.4 To collect a gas sample, simply turn the control on the Whitey valve so that the arrow points at the Vacuum Box and the Tedlar Bag. This is the fill position. The pump is now pulling air out of the Vacuum Box, causing the soil gas sample to flow into the bag.

3.5 Do not overfill the Tedlar Bag or it will break. As the bag approaches being full, choke back the pump by closing down the valve on the Vacuum Pump’s flow meter.

3.6 Turn the Whitey Valve back to the purge position. (Arrow pointing away from the Tedlar Bag.) Shut off the pump, remove the red plug on the red and white plastic valve to relieve any residual Vacuum. Replace the red plug, open the Vacuum Box and close the Tedlar Bag’s valve. Pull the Tedlar Bag off of the Teflon Tube.

3.7 Note that in cases where the gauge on the Vacuum Box indicates high vacuum during the fill, the Tedlar bag will appear to be full, but will

004120 SimulProbe Technologies, Inc. Vacuum Box

collapse when the vacuum is released from the box. This occurs in tight soil conditions. To fill the sample bag in these circumstances, loosen the plug in the red and white plastic valve as the Tedlar begins to look full. Use this connection to slowly bleed down the vacuum so that the Tedlar continues to appear full. (If the Tedlar collapses, you are bleeding the vacuum off too rapidly. Soil gas molecules are continuing to flow into the Tedlar during this bleed-off process.) The sample is complete when you have bled off most of the vacuum and the Tedlar still appears full.

3.8 To purge the valve of any residual soil gas in preparation for the next soil gas sample, simply place the Vacuum Box top back on the base, disconnect the soil gas line from the valve, remove the red plug from the plastic valve and turn on the Vacuum Pump. Run the Vacuum Pump for several minutes with the Whitey Valve’s black handle pointed at the Vacuum Box at first and then away from the Vacuum Box. Shut off the Vacuum Pump and replace the red plug.

4.0 MAINTENANCE:

Wash the Vacuum box in mild, cool soap solutions only. DO NOT use organic solvents on the Vacuum Box under ANY circumstances as they will significantly weaken the polycarbonate material of the Vacuum Box. Inspect the Vacuum Box before each use. If it shows any sign of cracking, DO NOT USE IT.

004121 Soil and Soil-Gas Mode Written SOPs

BESST, INC. 16 Diane Lane, Suite 100, Larkspur, CA 94939 800.553.1755 / 415.453.2501 / 415.453.2509 (fax) email: [email protected] www.besstinc.com

004122 SimulProbe® Technologies, Inc. Maxi SimulProbe® Soil/Soil Gas Mode

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR IN-SITU SAMPLING WITH THE MAXI SimulProbe®

(Collecting Soil and Soil Gas Simultaneously)

1.0 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………….2

2.0 DESCRIPTION……………………………………………………………….2

3.0 OPERATION: Assembly and Operating Instructions for Soil/Soil Gas Mode Using Wire-Line Down-Hole Hammer (or Up-Hole Hammer) and Up-Hole Vacuum Pump……………………………………………………3

4.0 OPERATION: Assembly and Operating Instructions for Soil/Soil Gas Mode Using the Drive and Sniff Technique for Continuous and Discrete Soil Gas and Pressure Response Profiling of Soil Core…5

5.0 DECONTAMINATION………………………………………………………..5

004123 SimulProbe® Technologies, Inc. Maxi SimulProbe® Soil/Soil Gas Mode STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR IN-SITU SAMPLING WITH THE MAXI SimulProbe®

(Collecting Soil and Soil Gas Simultaneously)

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The SimulProbe® is an in-situ sampling device which allows the simultaneous collection of either in-situ soil gas with soil core or in-situ liquid with soil core. The purpose of the tool is to collect soil samples simultaneously with liquid or gas which are directly correlative and can be economically collected in one sampling event. The directly correlative nature of the fluids and solids provides more accurate interpretations about:

(1) The relationship between contaminant distribution and stratigraphic characteristics.

(2) The opportunity to compare contaminant concentration in gas and liquid with that found in directly correlative soil core.

2.0 DESCRIPTION

The SimulProbe® (see schematic) is shaped much like a split spoon sampler, but has some distinct differences. A listing of the tool's important dimensions are presented below:

(1) 3.38 inches outside diameter (OD) along the length of the entire tool; excluding the cutting edge of the Drive Shoe. (2) The inside diameter (ID) of the core barrel is 2.5 inches. (3) The core barrel length is 18 inches. (4) The Drive Shoe length is 3 inches. (5) The 2 liter stainless steel water canister is a 19 inch long modular unit to the base unit.

004124 SimulProbe® Technologies, Inc. Maxi SimulProbe® Soil/Soil Gas Mode

3.0 OPERATION: Assembly and Operating Instructions for Soil/Soil Gas Mode Using Wire-Line Down-Hole Hammer (or Up-Hole Hammer) and Up-Hole Vacuum Pump

3.1 Place clean Teflon Tubes along the slots in the edges of the Core Barrel Primary Half and push Teflon Tubes into the fluid pathway holes at the top of the slots. The lower end of the Teflon Tubes should end about 1/4 inch short of the lower end of the slots.

3.2 Insert a Stopper (black or green colored) into the Core Barrel Primary Half fluid displacement port at top of the core barrel.

3.3 Place 3 Core Sleeves into the Core Barrel Primary Half.

Note: Do not use standard 6”-long core sleeves as they will not allow the SimulProbe® Drive Shoe to fully close. (STI Maxi SimulProbe® core sleeves are 5 and 13/16 inches long.)

3.5 Place the Core Barrel Cover Half over Core Barrel Primary Half, making sure that the Teflon Tubes are in the grooves between the core barrel halves.

3.6 Clamp the core barrel halves together using the chain vise on the driller’s breakdown rack. This allows the Coupling to be easily screwed into place.

3.7 Place the Circular Screen over circumferential channel and fluid entry ports at the bottom of core barrel. The circumferential channel is the channel on the outside of the core barrel halves just above the threads to which the Coupling is later attached.

3.8 Screw the Coupling onto the bottom of the core barrel, being careful to keep you fingers back from the sharp edges of the screen.

3.9 Insert the Shoe Sleeve, male threads first, into the bottom (threaded end) of the Cover Sleeve. Attach this assembly to the bottom of the core barrel by screwing it into the Coupling. (See schematic)

3.10 Screw the Drive Shoe onto the bottom of the Cover Sleeve.

3.11 Screw the Sampler Head into the top of the Core Barrel Primary Half; making sure to place a Black O-Ring above the threads of the Sampler Head.

3.12 Wrap Teflon tape around the pipe threads of a 3/8” NPT x 1/4” Swage-lok Connector and screw it into one of the ports on top of the Sampler Head. A 3/8” NPT Plug with Teflon tape should be placed in the second port.

004125 SimulProbe® Technologies, Inc. Maxi SimulProbe® Soil/Soil Gas Mode

3.13 Close the Drive Shoe and pull a Gooch Tube over the junction between the core barrel and the Drive Shoe. A Gooch Tube is a 2-inch piece of rubber tubing which is included in your soil gas (or groundwater) kit. The purpose of the Gooch Tube is to hold the Shoe in the closed position while the tool is lowered into the bore hole.

3.14 Attach the down-hole end of a vacuum line to the Swage-lok fitting on the top of Sampler Head; using a 3/16 inch ID, 1/4 inch OD Teflon line.

3.15 Attach the SimulProbe® to a down hole hammer using a one-foot long AW rod and lower the SimulProbe® to the bottom of the bore hole.

3.16 Attach the up-hole end of the vacuum line to the vacuum pump intake.

3.17 For the drive and sniff mode, turn on the vacuum pump after driving the SimulProbe® about 6 inches and use an OVM (or OVA) to monitor the vacuum pump exhaust. Hammer in the SimulProbe® a total of 21 inches to collect the soil core sample, pausing where appropriate to “sniff” the vacuum pump exhaust with an OVM.

3.18 Pull SimulProbe® back 1 to 2 inches to retract the sliding Drive Shoe and expose the Circular Screen.

3.19 Use vacuum pump to purge vacuum line and collect soil gas sample. The purging process is complete when the OVM readings stabilize, and the flow meter indicates that the specified purge volumes have been removed. The Maxi SimulProbe® in the soil gas mode has a 200 ml purge volume. The 3/16” id Teflon line has a purge volume of 5.43 cc/ft.

3.20 Pull SimulProbe® to surface for core retrieval, disassembly, and decontamination.

3.21 Preferably use SimulProbe® wrenches to disassemble SimulProbe®, except as noted below. (The wrenches are designed to maximize mechanical advantage and prevent damage.) The chain vise on the driller’s breakdown table may be used to hold the Cover Sleeve while removing the Drive Shoe and to hold the core barrel while removing the Coupling.

004126 SimulProbe® Technologies, Inc. Maxi SimulProbe® Soil/Soil Gas Mode

4.0 OPERATION: Assembly and Operating Instructions for Soil/Soil Gas Mode Using the Drive and Sniff Technique for Continuous and Discrete Soil Gas and Pressure Response Profiling of Soil Core

4.1 Follow assembly instructions as described in Section 3 above.

4.2 Drive the SimulProbe® 4 to 6 inches below the bottom of the bore hole so that the length of the drive shoe and the bottom edge of the core barrel are fully buried in the new geologic material.

4.3 Turn on the vacuum pump and purge the vacuum line until the OVM (or OVA) and vacuum pressure response readings stabilize and the flow meter indicates that sufficient volume has been purged. Then record OVM (or OVA), vacuum gauge pressure and flow meter response.

4.4 Repeat Step 3 as many time as necessary for the desired detail along the core length.

4.5 Remove the SimulProbe® after it has penetrated 21 inches. Breakdown core barrel and compare geologic characteristics of the core to the OVM and pressure response logs.

5.0 DECONTAMINATION

Follow procedures specified in site specific work plan and/or quality assurance project plan for standard operating procedures for sampling device decontamination. Always use a new consumable kit for each sample. Reuse of consumables may result in cross contamination of samples through incomplete decontamination or from leakage through damaged O-Rings and Reed Valves.

004127 Soil and Groundwater Mode Written SOPs

BESST, INC. 16 Diane Lane, Suite 100, Larkspur, CA 94939 800.553.1755 / 415.453.2501 / 415.453.2509 (fax) email: [email protected] www.besstinc.com

004128 SimulProbe® Technologies, Inc. Maxi SimulProbe® Soil/Groundwater Mode STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR IN-SITU SAMPLING WITH THE MAXI SimulProbe®

(Collecting Soil and Ground Water Simultaneously)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………2

2.0 DESCRIPTION…………………………………………………………………2

3.0 ASSEMBLY AND OPERATION: Soil/Groundwater Mode - Using Nitrogen Back Pressurization With Groundwater Canister and Cased Hole or Mud Rotary Drilling Applications……………………….3

4.0 ASSEMBLY AND OPERATION: Soil/Groundwater Mode – Using Nitrogen Back Pressurization With the Water Canister and Vacuum Assist (Cased Hole or Mud Rotary Drilling Application)……………..8

5.0 ASSEMBLY AND OPERATION: Water Canister Not Required - Soil/Groundwater Mode - Using Peristaltic Pump to Pump Groundwater to Surface (Cased Hole or Mud Rotary Drilling Application)……………………………………………………………………8

6.0 ASSEMBLY AND OPERATION: Soil/Groundwater Mode - Using Up- Hole Hammer, Hollow NW Rods and Sample Bailer (Cased Hole or Mud Rotary Drilling Applications)…………………………………………8

7.0 ASSEMBLY AND OPERATION: Soil/Groundwater Mode - Using Up- Hole Hammer, NW Rods/Bailer and Peristaltic Pump (Cased Hole or Mud Rotary Drilling Applications…………………………………………..9

8.0 DECONTAMINATION………………………………………………………….9

004129 SimulProbe® Technologies, Inc. Maxi SimulProbe® Soil/Groundwater Mode STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR IN-SITU SAMPLING WITH THE MAXI SimulProbe®

(Collecting Soil and Ground Water Simultaneously)

1.0 INTRODUCTION

(1) The relationship between contaminant distribution and stratigraphic characteristics.

(2) The opportunity to compare contaminant concentration in gas and liquid with that found in directly correlative soil core.

2.0 DESCRIPTION

The SimulProbe® (see schematic) is shaped much like a split spoon sampler, but has some distinct differences. A listing of the tool's important dimensions are presented below:

004130 SimulProbe® Technologies, Inc. Maxi SimulProbe® Soil/Groundwater Mode

3.0 ASSEMBLY AND OPERATION: Soil/Groundwater Mode - Using Nitrogen Back Pressurization With Groundwater Canister and Cased Hole or Mud Rotary Drilling Applications

3.2 Insert a reed valve into the Core Barrel Primary Half fluid displacement port at top of the Core Barrel.

3.3 Place 3 Core Sleeves into the Core Barrel Primary Half.

Note: Do not use standard 6”-long core sleeves as they will not allow the SimulProbe® Drive Shoe to fully close. (STI Maxi SimulProbe core sleeves are 5 and 13/16 inches long.)

3.5 Place the Core Barrel Cover Half over Core Barrel Primary Half, making sure that the Teflon Tubes are in the grooves between the core barrel halves.

3.6 Clamp the core barrel halves together using the chain vise on the driller’s breakdown rack. This allows the Coupling to be easily screwed into place.

3.8 If using the Maxi SimulProbe® Drive Shoe Extension Assembly, then in addition to the Circular Screen, you will also use the 4-inch Extension Screen. The Extension Screen is first slid onto the grooved Extension Coupling until is seats against the raised lip at the down-hole end of the Extension Coupling. The Extension Coupling is then screwed onto the bottom threads of the Maxi Core Barrel. As you screw on the Extension Coupling and Screen, you will notice how the Extension Screen rotates over the Circular Screen – providing a double filter to the Fluid Entry Ports near the base of the Maxi Core Barrel. Assemble the remaining parts of the Drive Shoe Extension Assembly as you would for the Short Maxi Shoe Assembly (Sections 3.9 through 3.12). If you are not using the Drive Shoe Extension Assembly, then continue on to Section 3.9 below. If you are using the Drive Shoe Extension Assembly, then continue to Section 3.11.

004131 SimulProbe® Technologies, Inc. Maxi SimulProbe® Soil/Groundwater Mode

3.9 Screw the Coupling onto the bottom of the core barrel, being careful to keep you fingers back from the sharp edges of the screen.

3.10 Insert the Shoe Sleeve, male threads first, into the bottom (threaded end) of the Cover Sleeve. Attach this assembly to the bottom of the core barrel by screwing it into the Coupling. (See schematic)

3.11 Insert the Sample Catcher (fingers first) into the down-hole end of the Shoe Sleeve. When you feel a little resistance to entry as the finger come into contact with the inside of the Shoe Sleeve, just continue to push firmly and the Sample Catcher will seat into place. This procedure works for the Extension Shoe Sleeve as well.

3.12 Screw the Drive Shoe onto the bottom of the Cover Sleeve.

3.13 Place a Reed Valve onto the single barb nipple at the bottom of the Water Canister Base.

3.14 Place a black o-ring above the threads of the Water Canister Base.

3.15 Screw the Water Canister Base into the top of the Core Barrel Primary Half.

3.16 Place a Black O-Ring above the threads at the bottom of the Water Canister and screw the Water Canister into the Water Canister Base.

3.17 Wrap Teflon tape around the threads of the Upper Reed Valve Support and screw it into the base of the Sampler Head.

3.18 Wrap Teflon tape around the threads of the Hex plug and screw it into the center of the Upper Reed Valve Support

3.19 Place a Black O-Ring above the Sampler Head’s threads and screw the Sampler Head into the top of the Water Canister.

3.20 Close the Drive Shoe and pull a Rubber Gooch Tube over the junction between the Core Barrel and the Drive Shoe.

004132 SimulProbe® Technologies, Inc. Maxi SimulProbe® Soil/Groundwater Mode

3.21 Push and snap Yellow Diaphragm (hydrostatic heads of 50 feet or less) into cutting edge of Drive Shoe. Use the Ceramic Diaphragm for pressures greater than 50 feet of hydrostatic head.

3.22 Roll on latex Condom from shoe along length of probe. Be careful not to rest the weight of the probe on the Swage-lok connector during this procedure. Place the second Gooch tube over the Condom; along the bottom of the drive shoe. This serves as a bumper to protect the Condom as the tool is lowered into the bore hole.

3.23 Attach Maxi SimulProbe® to one-foot AW rod. Be careful not to rest weight of probe on Condom covered shoe while attaching the AW rod and to the drive hammer.

3.24 Attach Soil Gas Line to the Swage-lok connector at top of the Sampler Head.

3.25 Connect the AW adapter pin and rod to the top of the Sampler Head. The Driller then raises the Maxi tool with the winch line and lowers it a few feet into the casing.

3.26 Attach the up-hole end of the spool to the inert gas tank regulator. The three-way valve handle on the side of the Hose Spool should be pointed towards regulator line.

3.27 With the probe suspended a few feet down inside the casing, pressurize the water canister. The rule of thumb for pressurizing is to assume 60 PSI/100 feet of hydrostatic head (pure water is approximately 43 PSI/100 feet; the additional pressure assumes suspended and dissolved solids and thus increased specific gravity). See attached tables from Groundwater and Wells, Driscoll, 1987, pages 938 and 939. Note: for safety, the SimulProbe® should always be pressurized and de- pressurized inside the casing.

3.28 Observe line pressure gauge on regulator. When line pressure is equal to 60 PSI/100 feet of hydrostatic head (0.6 PSI/ft), close 3-way valve on hose spool to trap pressure. Closed position is when the valve handle is at 90 degrees to 3-way valve’s body. The 3-way valve is attached to the side of the hose reel and is the up-hole terminus for the Teflon line. The line is attached to the center port on the “T” shaped valve. One of the two side ports is connected to the Nitrogen gas supply and the second is attached to a short (2.5’) length of Teflon line. This short length is used for the inverted soda bottle method described in section 5.22. If the valve is positioned halfway between these two ports, which is 90 degrees to the 3-way valve’s body, all three ports are closed to each other. Pointing the

004133 SimulProbe® Technologies, Inc. Maxi SimulProbe® Soil/Groundwater Mode

valve handle at either of the two side ports connects the central port to that side port.

3.29 Disconnect the Teflon line from the regulator and hook it onto the side of the spool.

3.30 Slowly lower the SimulProbe® to the bottom of the bore hole and hammer it 21 inches into subsurface to collect the soil core.

3.31 Pull the SimulProbe® back 2 to 3 inches to retract the sliding Drive Shoe and expose the Circular Screen.

3.32 Open valve to allow pressure bleed off through the short length of Teflon tube attached to the valve.

3.33 Allow water to enter tool under ambient hydrostatic pressure. After the initial pressure bleed of, the fill rate can be observed by placing the open end of the Teflon tube into a bucket of water. For fast to moderate fill rates, the end of the Teflon tube can be placed inside an inverted water filled bottle inside the bucket (i.e. one liter plastic soda bottle). When the bottle is full of air displaced from ground water entering the Water Canister, it can be reused for additional volume measurements.

3.34 After sufficient water sample has been collected, re-pressurize the SimulProbe® by following steps in Sections 3.26 through 3.29.

3.35 Pull the SimulProbe® to a few feet below the top of the casing and de- pressurize. Note: for safety, the SimulProbe® should always be pressurized and de-pressurized inside the casing.

3.36 Remove the SimulProbe® from the casing and stand it vertically on ground.

3.37 To remove water canister, unscrew the Water Canister Base from the Core Barrel Primary Half (using spanner wrenches). Keep the Water Canister upright to minimize sample agitation, and insert a short length of 1/4-inch OD Teflon tube through the bottom of the Reed Valve to drain and collect a water sample from the bottom of the Water Canister.

3.38 Disassemble the core barrel using SimulProbe® wrenches and remove the soil core.

004134 SimulProbe® Technologies, Inc. Maxi SimulProbe® Soil/Groundwater Mode

4.0 ASSEMBLY AND OPERATION: Soil/Groundwater Mode – Using Nitrogen Back Pressurization With the Water Canister and Vacuum Assist (Cased Hole or Mud Rotary Drilling Application)

Instructions are the same as above with the additional step of using a peristaltic or vacuum pump to lift water into the water canister. Vacuum assist is not recommended when sampling for volatile compounds.

5.0 ASSEMBLY AND OPERATION: Water Canister Not Required - Soil/Groundwater Mode - Using Peristaltic Pump to Pump Groundwater to Surface (Cased Hole or Mud Rotary Drilling Application)

This is a shallow (less than 25 feet) groundwater sampling technique for non-VOC sample collection. There is no Water Canister required when it is thought that the formation permeability is sufficient to allow water to be drawn through a peristaltic pump.

The peristaltic pump technique will only work if the piezometric water level of the formation being sampled is 25 feet or less below the ground surface. Note: Suspended and dissolved solids will increase the fluid specific gravity and thus reduce the effective depth range of a peristaltic pump.

6.0 ASSEMBLY AND OPERATION: Soil/Groundwater Mode - Using Up- Hole Hammer, Hollow NW Rods and Sample Bailer (Cased Hole or Mud Rotary Drilling Applications)

6.1 Assemble the SimulProbe® as in Section 3.0 of the Soil/Soil Gas SOP.

6.2 Attach a hollow NW rod to the top of the SimulProbe® using a hollow NW/AW pin converter. This will allow fluids to pass through the Upper Reed Valve port at the bottom of the Sampler Head and into the hollow NW rods for collection by bailer.

6.3 Lower the SimulProbe® to the bottom of the bore hole, adding more NW rods as needed. Use O-rings or Teflon paste between NW rod connections to prevent cross contamination from bore hole fluids.

6.4 Drive the SimulProbe® 21 inches using an up-hole hammer on the top of the NW rod string.

6.5 Retract the SimulProbe® 2 to 3 inches to expose the Circular Screen. The water sample will flow into the hollow NW rods.

6.6 Lower a decontaminated water level sensor inside the NW rods to determine when there is enough water to collect a sample.

004135 SimulProbe® Technologies, Inc. Maxi SimulProbe® Soil/Groundwater Mode

6.7 Collect the water sample using a Teflon bailer.

6.8 Withdraw the SimulProbe® and collect the soil core sample.

7.0 ASSEMBLY AND OPERATION: Soil/Groundwater Mode - Using Up- Hole Hammer, NW Rods/Bailer and Peristaltic Pump (Cased Hole or Mud Rotary Drilling Applications)

The NW Rods/Bailer and Peristaltic Pump water sampling methods can be combined when sampling protocols include the collection of samples for volatile compounds and the sampled formations have shallow (<25’ BGS) piezometric water levels.

7.1 Follow the instructions for sampling using hollow NW rods and a bailer, except add a peristaltic vacuum line to the Swagelok fitting on top of the Sampler Head.

7.2 Once the SimulProbe® has been hammered into place and opened, the first sample should be collected by bailer for volatile compounds.

7.3 Subsequent samples can then be collected by peristaltic pump.

8.0 DECONTAMINATION

004136 Illustrated SOPs

BESST, INC. 16 Diane Lane, Suite 100, Larkspur, CA 94939 800.553.1755 / 415.453.2501 / 415.453.2509 (fax) email: [email protected] www.besstinc.com

004137 Deployment of SimulProbe into Bore Hole (Coring and Groundwater Mode)

Three Way Valve Regulator Line Gauge Tank Gauge Hose Spool Valve Free Valve Port

Regulator Handle N2 Link Line 3/16" ID x 1/4" OD tubing Hose Spool (e.g. TEFLON, poly, etc.)

1. Open Hose Spool Three Way Valve - Arrow Points Parallel to Link Line. 2. Open Tank Valve - Rotate Counter Clockwise. 3. Open Regulator Valve to Back Pressurize Water Canister - Rotating Clockwise. 4. Back-Pressurize Water Canister with Nitrogen or Helium Before Lowering SimulProbe into Bore Hole. 5. Back Pressure should be equal to or greater than anticipated bore hole fluid pressure. For pure water, bore hole fluid pressure is roughly equal to ½ Lb. PSI for each foot of bore hole fluid. For muddy bore hole water assume roughly ¾ Lb. PSI for each foot of bore hole fluid (assume this case for conservative measure in almost any condition). As an example, 100 feet of bore hole fluid requires 75 PSI - as indicated on line gauge. 6. Close Hose Spool Valve - Arrow Perpendicular to Link Line. 7. Close Regulator Valve - Rotate Counter Clockwise. 8. Close N2 Tank Valve - Rotate Clockwise. 9. Disconnect Link Line from N2 Tank and connect Open end of Link Line to Free Port on Hose Spool three Way Valve. 10. Lower SimulProbe to bore hole bottom - Using Rod or Wire-Line. 11. Drive SimulProbe into sediment with Up-Hole or Down Hole Hammer. 12. Pull Maxi or Mini SimulProbe back 4-inches when using 3-inch drive shoe assembly, and only 2-inches when using ½-inch (Maxi) or 1-inch (Mini) drive shoe assembly. If using FloCore Assembly with Mini, then pull back 15-inches. The pull-back exposes the screen. 13. Bleed off the N2 by opening Hose Spool Gauge - Arrow Point Parallel to Link Line. How do you know when N2 is bled off??? Hold link line in air. You will hear hissing from the line as N2 is bleeding from the line. When you can't hear hissing, place the open end of the link line close to the surface of water in your bubble bucket. If you see a vortex on the water surface, then last of N2 is bleeding off. When you can't see the vortex, then N2 is completely bled off. SimulProbe 14. Place open end of the link line into the bubble bucket - and refer to Diagram 2

004138 Fill Detection and Monitoring with the SimulProbe (Coring and Groundwater Mode)

Regulator Line Gauge Tank Gauge Three Way Valve Hose Spool Valve

Free Valve Port

Regulator Handle N2

Hose Spool Bubble bucket

15. Water from formation passes through mesh screen, and rises hydrostatically through longitudinal pathway around core chamber. Water passes through one way reed-valve at bottom of water canister and fills water canister. 16. As water enters canister, residual canister atmosphere (a canister volume of 1/3 litre or 1-litre for the Mini SimulProbe and 2-litres for the Maxi SimulProbe) is displaced upwards through the back-pressurization line. 17. The residual atmosphere exits as a bubble stream into the Bubble Bucket - Canister is filling with fluid. 18. How do you measure how much water has filled the water canister. We use the Soda Pop Bottle Trick - See Below:

Soda Pop Trick A 1-liter soda pop bottle is filled with bucket water. Air displaced from the water canister enters the soda pop bottle through the link line. The air displaces the water in the soda pop bottle. When 1- liter of water is displaced from the bottle, then there is approximately 1-liter of water in the H2-Vape water canister. The bottle is now filled with 1-liter of air displaced from the water canister.

004139 Retrieval of SimulProbe from the Bore Hole (Coring and Groundwater Mode)

Regulator Line Gauge Tank Gauge Three Way Valve Hose Spool Valve Free Valve Port

Regulator Handle N2 Hose Link Line 3/16" ID x 1/4" OD tubing (e.g. TEFLON, poly, etc.)

Hose Spool

19. Open Hose Spool Three Way Valve - Arrow Points Parallel to Link Line. 20. Open Tank Valve - Rotate Counter Clockwise. 21. Open Regulator Valve to Back Pressurize Water Canister - Rotating Clockwise. 22. Back-Pressurize Water Canister (including water inside canister) with Nitrogen or Helium Before Retrieving SimulProbe from the Bore Hole. 23. Back Pressure should be equal to or greater than anticipated bore hole fluid pressure. For pure water, bore hole fluid pressure is roughly equal to ½ Lb. PSI for each foot of bore hole fluid. For muddy bore hole water assume roughly ¾ Lb. PSI for each foot of bore hole fluid (assume this case for conservative measure in almost any condition). As an example, 100 feet of bore hole fluid requires 75 PSI - as indicated on line gauge. 24. Close Hose Spool Valve - Arrow Perpendicular to Link Line. 25. Close Regulator Valve - Rotate Counter Clockwise. 26. Close N2 Tank Valve - Rotate Clockwise. 27. Disconnect Link Line from N2 Tank and connect Open end of Link Line to Free Port on Hose Spool three Way Valve. 28. Retrieve SimulProbe from bore hole - Using Rod or Wire-Line. 29. Bleed off the N2 from line and canister by opening Hose Spool Valve - Arrow Points Parallel to Link Line. 30. Disconnect SimulProbe water canister base and water canister from core barrel section of tool. 31. Insert drain tube through one way reed valve at the bottom of the water canister and fill bottles and VOAs. 32. Disassemble SimulProbe core barrel section and observe core.

004140 Fill Detection and Monitoring with the Simulprobe - Bubble Scenarios (Groundwater Mode)

High flow scenario Observation - Nitrogen gas is fully bled off. Bubbles stream into the bucket quickly as you move the discharge tube (link line) into the mouth of an upside down bottle.

Explanation - Fill of the H2-Vape water cannister will take between 5 to 30 minutes.

5 - 30 minutes for complete water cannister fill (high perm sediments)

Low flow scenario Observations - Nitrogen gas is completely bled off. Initially, it appears that the cannister is not filling because bubbles do not appear when the link line is moved into the mouth of an upside down bottle. Then you experiment with the link line by removing the end of the line from the fill bottle and bringing the end of the line just beneath the water surface in the bubble bucket. You suddently see bubbles streaming from the line and then slowing. Thinking you now have flow, you re-submerge the end of the line and insert it again into the mouth of the fill bottle - but again you don't see any bubble. You remove the end of the line from the mouth of the bottle and bring it to just beneath the water surface one more time. Again, you see bubbles as before.

Explanation - Water fill pressure inside the water cannister is very low. the remaining water cannister atmosphere (which has re-equilibrated to ambient atmospheric pressure after the N2 bleed off) cannot be displaced with enough force (pressure) by the incoming formation water to overcome the hydrostatic pressure of the water column at the bottom of the bubble bucket (about 0.5 to 1 PSI). Raising the link line to just below the water surface inside the bucket allows the water pressure inside the cannister to exceed the water pressure close to the water surface inside the water bucket. therefore allowing air to escape from the Link Line into the bucket water.

Fill time will vary - Generally 1 hour for 300 to 400 ml (low perm sediments)

004141 Fill Detection and Monitoring with the Simulprobe - Bubble Scenarios (cont.) (Groundwater Mode)

Delayed flow scenario Observation - Nitrogen gas is fully bled off. No bubbles stream out of link line into upside down bottle. Slow stream of bubbles appears from link line 5 to 10 minutes later. Stream of bubles becomes rapid and steady.

Explanation - Sometimes the H2-Vape screen becomes temporarily compacted with sedimentt at the start of the fill period or the formation is over compacted by displacement with the H2-Vape. In the delayed flow scenario, there is enough water pressure and permeability from the formation to overcome compaction. Flow usually begins within the first 5 to 10 minutes (as either high or low flow scenarios).

No flow scenario Observation - Nitrogen gas is fully bled off. No bubbles stream out of link line into upside down bottle. Experimentation to determine the low flow scenario by raising linkline near the surface of the water buckets still yields no bubbles. Still after 10 minutes there is no bubbles.

Explanation - The H2-Vape is in tight sediment and no groundwater can be retrieved. Tool should be retrieved to the ground surface.

Reverse flow scenario Observation - Water from the bottle or bucket moves upward into the Link Line after the N2 is bled off.

Explanation - The H2-Vape is in extremely tight sediment. When the tool is pulled back to expose the screen, the sediment was so tight and expansive around the tool that a partial vacuum was created in the vvoid space created by the pull back (analogous to pulling back the plunger on a syringe). The slightly lower atmosphere now insde the water cannister (as a result of vacuum) cause the bucket water to move up the link line. Reverse flow is an immediate indication that the formation is extremely tight and will not yield water over any length of time. The H2-Vape should be immediately retrieved from teh bore-hole. Try to find a more permeable zone.

004142 Deploying, Sampling and Retrieval of the SimulProbe for Cased Bore Hole Soil Gas Sampling (No SPLAT Attachment)

Vacuum Pump On

Flow Meter

Vacuum Gauge

Hollow Stem Auger

1. SimulProbe® lowered inside of bore hole. 2. Use down-hole wire line hammer or up-hole hammer with rods. 3. Drive SimulProbe® into undisturbed material immediately below bore hole. 4. Drive distance for Mini SimulProbe® (without SPLAT Drive Cone) is 18 inches and 20 inches for the Maxi SimulProbe®. 5. When drive distance is reached, pull Probe back one to two inches to open sliding drive shoe - to expose screened entry port. Probe lowered to bottom 6. Turn on vacuum pump and purge line before of bore hole through hollow stem auger and sampling. Line volume is calculated by driven ahead of lead auger. r2 x L where, r, is the radius of the inside diameter of the line between the pump and the SimulProbe®. In addition to the line volume, the Mini SimulProbe® has a purge volume of 50ml and the Maxi SimulProbe® has a purge volume of 200ml. 7. If the flow meter shows that the flow rate is 1-llitre SimulProbe® is pulled back 2-inches to expose per minute, and there is a 1-litre volume in the line screen. Soil Gas Flow from between the SimulProbe® and pump, then one Formation to Screen is purge volume for both the line and the Mini 360 Degrees. SimulProbe will take about 1 minute and 4 seconds. For the Maxi, about 1 minute and 15 seconds. 8. After line is purged, collect soil gas sample in syringe, Tedlar bag, or canister. One could also simply monitor PID or FID readings with a Tedlar bag or at the discharge end of the pump.

004143 Using Vacuum Box (Lung) system with the SimulProbe (Soil Gas Mode)

Tedlar Bag is not inflated. As pump Tedlar Bag inflated with formation soil runs and pulls soil vapor from gas - valve to vacuum box in open formation pore spaces, the pump position and has inflated with pure simultaneously evacuates atmosphere pore gas under negative pressure from the Vacuum Box. Therefore the Tedlar Bag will inflate and fill up with soil gas under negative pressure when valve is opened.

004144 Sampling of the SimulProbe for Cased Bore Hole Soil Gas Sampling (With SPLAT Attachment) SPLAT Explanation: The SPLAT (SimulProbe Latck Activated T i p) is a remote release drive cone mechanism. There are 3 retractors that a re in a locked position in the SimulProbe sliding drive shoe mechanism. Wh en the SimulProbe has been driven to the targeted sampling horizon with the locked SPLAT, the SimulProbe is pulled back 2-inches to release (or unlatch) the SPLAT retractors - which collapse to a relaxed position. Th e SimulProbe is then driven forward to collect the core sample. As the core ente rs the core chamber, it pushes the SPLAT to the top of the core barrel. Since the SPLAT is 3-inches long, the SimulProbe core drive is shortened by 3-inches. Do not over pack the core barrel. The SimulProbe is once again pulled back 2-inc hes to expose the screened port for soil-gas sampling.

Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum pump off pump off pump on

SPLAT rises to top of core barrel as CORE core enters from below. Retratractors move from locked to Soil gas flow collapsed position from formation when released. to screen is 360 degrees

3 retractors in collapsed position

3 retractors in locked position

004145 Schematic for Vacuum Box for Tedlar Bag Soil Gas Sampling (Soil Gas Mode)

Blue zone represents Vacuum box bottom Tedlar bag will expand o-ring seal between and fill with soil gas when vacuum box bottom 3-way purge valve is turned and top towards vacuum box

3-way vacuum box port valve - Always stays in Expanded bag shown position

Vacuum release plunger: pull out to Tedlar bag release vacuum inside box in order to remove vacuum box top

Vacuum box purge line Vacuum box pressure gauge- indicates vacuum around Tedlar Bag

3-way purge valve in purge poisition - pointing away from vacuum box and in Tedlar Bag fill position Vacuum pump flow meter pointing towards the vacuum box

Pump vacuum gauge

Vacuum pump intake line

Poly or TEFLON soil gas line to SimulProbe

Vacuum pump

004146 SOURCE INVESTIGATION, ADDENDUM NO. 1 TO THE RI/FS FIELD SAMPLING PLAN VERSION 1.1 GRIGGS AND WALNUT AVENUE PCE GROUNDWATER PLUME

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GWP_FSP_VER1.1_ADDENDUM1_2002-05-09.WPD MAY 2002

004147 SOURCE INVESTIGATION, ADDENDUM NO. 1 TO THE RI/FS FIELD SAMPLING PLAN VERSION 1.1 GRIGGS AND WALNUT AVENUE PCE GROUNDWATER PLUME

Attachment C Water FLUTe Information

GWP_FSP_VER1.1_ADDENDUM1_2002-05-09.WPD MAY 2002

004148 SOURCE INVESTIGATION, ADDENDUM NO. 1 TO THE RI/FS FIELD SAMPLING PLAN VERSION 1.1 GRIGGS AND WALNUT AVENUE PCE GROUNDWATER PLUME

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GWP_FSP_VER1.1_ADDENDUM1_2002-05-09.WPD MAY 2002

004149 The Water FLUTe multi-level water sampling system

Attributes: Ø Very compact. (often air freight) Ø Easy to install ( some liners as quickly as 10 min. from setup, Milford, NH) Ø Seals the entire hole against flow Ø Draws sample directly from the formation Ø Produces very small purge volumes Ø Easy to purge & sample (20 min./5 ports) Ø Allows individual head measurements for each port Ø Allows many ports in one hole (5 to 30+) Ø Is easily removed

In place geometry: The installed geometry is shown for a single port. The dedicated tubing system is repeated for each port. The resulting tubing bundle is sheathed and occupies the interior of the liner.

(only one port system shown for clarity)

sample tube tether supporting tubing inside liner water level inside liner

water level in 1/2" tube

SWL

1/2" tube to surface port annular permeable spacer between liner and hole wall transition from 1/2" tube to slender tube slender tube carrying sample water to surface 1st check valve against backflow to port

liner sealing well slender tube in sleeve on liner 2nd check valve against flow from surface

Flexible Liner Underground Technologies, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, ph 505-455-1300, web site: www.flut.com.

004150 Installation procedure: The liner is shipped on a reel, inside out. The top of the liner is attached to the surface casing and the liner is pushed, by hand, a short distance into the casing. Then one simply adds water to the interior of the liner, and it descends to the water table. Thereafter, more water is added to the liner to drive it into the hole. The water below the descending liner can be pushed into the formation, or it can be pumped from the hole as the liner descends.

Just Add Water

liner shipping reel water hose

water level in liner

SWL

Original water in hole is displaced or, it can be removed by pumping during the installation

A typical installation: This installation was done at Cambridge, Ontario, for the Univ. of Waterloo. It is not very hard. The hole was uncased to 330 ft. with sampling 15 ports.

Completed wellhead for 15 ports with 15 pressure transducers.

Flexible Liner Underground Technologies, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, ph 505-455-1300, web site: www.flut.com.

004151 How does a Water FLUTe pump the water?

The question is often asked, “How does the pump work?” Or, does the pumping system apply a negative pressure (partial vacuum) to the sample water so as to cause out-gassing of volatiles? The pumping system does not drop the pressure in the sample to less than atmospheric pressure. The sample is pumped by positive pressure displacement through a pair of check valves.

The water flow path in the tubing.

Figure 1 shows the Water FLUTe pumping geometry. The sample water flows from the formation through the layer of spacer material into the port and down the tubing to the bottom of the hole. From there the water flows upward through the first check valve (a Teflon ball check valve without a spring) into the U tube. In the U tube, the water rises to fill the left (large diameter) part of the U tube to the natural head level for the water in the formation. Some of the water flows up through a weak spring loaded second check valve in the slender tube half of the U tube. Due to the spring, the water level in the slender tube is not as high as in the “left” part of the U tube.

The spacer is fabricated of layers of monofilament mesh to allow easy water flow. The outer surface of the spacer is a fine woven filter fabric that prevents coarse silt size particles, larger than about 200 microns, from flowing into the tubing system.

Once the U tube has filled, the water level in the large tube can be measured from the surface with a slender water level meter of the common kind. That water level is that of the head in the formation at the port elevation. The first check valve is constructed with a deliberate small leak rate to allow the head in the U tube to follow that of the formation, even if the formation head is falling.

The pumping stroke

The water is pumped from the large diameter (left) portion of the U tube, through the second check valve, up the slender half of the U tube to the surface by gas pressure. See Figure 2 for the flow during the pump stroke.

A gas pressure source is connected to the top end of the large (left) tube via a convenient fitting. The pressure of the source is adjusted first to that needed to force the gas through the bottom of the U tube and hence driving nearly all of the water out of the tube. Remaining droplets are well aerated.

The U tube is allowed to refill as in Fig. 1.

004152 The gas pressure is then reduced, so as to not drive gas through the bottom of the U tube. The gas pressure is applied again to the large left tube, forcing the water up the right hand slender tube to the surface, through the second check valve. The first slender tube volume is discarded to avoid the aerated droplets left in the first purge stroke.

The water flowing from the sampling tube is now of good quality. However, it contains some of the water from the spacer and the port to check valve tubing. This second stroke can be discarded.

The gas pressure is dropped, and the system refills from the port again.

The gas pressure is applied to the large tube for the third time. The sample(s) can be collected from this flow at any time. The first flow is that drawn directly from the formation.

Pump capacity

Since the pump stroke is the volume of the 1/2” id tube below the water table, the pumped water volume is often 1-2 gallons per stroke per port. In deep wells, it can be much larger.

This pumping system can be used for large depths limited only by the pressure capacity of the tubing. Even in that case, the pump can be operated with a series of short strokes to avoid the need for a pressure much larger than that to lift the water from the water table. For shallow water table situations (less than 1000 ft.), the maximum depth of the sampling liner is not limited by the pumping capacity.

Simultaneous purge and sampling.

The Figures 1 and 2 show a single port system. Each additional port on a liner has its own tubing components. The several tube pumping systems are gathered in a tubing bundle supported on the tether. Each sample port system can be pumped by itself in the same manner as above. However, the several systems can be pumped simultaneously by connecting the gas pressure source to all of the large “left” tubes at once, via a manifold.

Now, when the pressure is applied, all sampling tubes flow together. Likewise, all port systems fill simultaneously when the pressure is dropped. This reduces the time to perform the sampling by a great deal. It also discourages the drawing of water from one port region into another nearby port. Hence the sampling ports are better isolated from one another. In this way, ports can be located very near to one another for extraordinary high spatial resolution.

004153 In some installations, several FLUTe systems in several nearby holes have all been pumped at one time. In that way, 6 ports in 6 wells were pumped simultaneously for 36 flowing sampling tubes at once. This was done for high temporal and spatial resolution.

Please address any questions about this Water FLUTe system to:

Flexible Liner Underground Technologies, Ltd. Co. 6 Easy St. Santa Fe, NM 87501 888-333-2433 or, [email protected]

Custom designs for special situations are often provided.

It is noteworthy that the Water FLUTe system can be installed equally well in horizontally drilled holes. Systems can even be installed vertically upward with air pressure for collection of water samples from drill holes from underground tunnels.

004154 Fig.1. "Water FLUTe " valved tubing sampling system

(only single port system shown for clarity)

sample tube tether supporting tubing inside liner water level inside liner

water level in 1/2" tube

SWL

port 1/2" tube to surface (left side of U tube)

transition from 1/2" tube to slender tube annular permeable spacer between liner and hole wall

1st check valve against slender tube carrying backflow to port sample water to surface

liner sealing well slender tube in sleeve on liner

2nd check valve against flow from surface

004155 Fig.2. Pumping stroke (only single port system shown for clarity)

gas press. source

pressure in 1/2" tube

SWL

water level depressed in 1/2" tube 1/2" tube to surface (left side of U tube)

slender tube carrying sample water to surface

1st check valve against backflow to port

slender tube in sleeve on liner

2nd check valve against flow from surface

004156 SOURCE INVESTIGATION, ADDENDUM NO. 1 TO THE RI/FS FIELD SAMPLING PLAN VERSION 1.1 GRIGGS AND WALNUT AVENUE PCE GROUNDWATER PLUME

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GWP_FSP_VER1.1_ADDENDUM1_2002-05-09.WPD MAY 2002

004157 SOURCE INVESTIGATION, ADDENDUM NO. 1 TO THE RI/FS FIELD SAMPLING PLAN VERSION 1.1 GRIGGS AND WALNUT AVENUE PCE GROUNDWATER PLUME

Attachment D PhotoVac Voyager Information

GWP_FSP_VER1.1_ADDENDUM1_2002-05-09.WPD MAY 2002

004158 SOURCE INVESTIGATION, ADDENDUM NO. 1 TO THE RI/FS FIELD SAMPLING PLAN VERSION 1.1 GRIGGS AND WALNUT AVENUE PCE GROUNDWATER PLUME

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004159 Photovac Voyager Take PROVEN gas chromatography technology into the field. (information taken from Photovac Website) Completely self-contained and convenient to carry, Voyager provides flexibility of analysis, ease of use, and reliable results. And Voyager is rugged and water-resistant to handle the toughest environments.

Enjoy the power, performance and rugged reliability Many unique engineering and design features make the Voyager the most technologically advanced GC in the world. Rechargeable and field-replaceable batteries allow up to eight hours of field use, or the option to operate off external AC or DC sources. Voyager's powerful analytical engine is composed of a built-in three-column configuration with an isothermal oven for fast GC analysis for up to 40 factory-programmed EPA listed VOCs. With a miniaturized PID/ECD dual detection system, it's easy to see why the Photovac Voyager is truly unique.

Save valuable time with easy on site sampling and analysis With its built-in refillable carrier gas cylinder and rechargeable battery, the Voyager can operate independently on site for up to eight hours. Chromatograms and/or tabular results are easily viewed in the field using the built-in backlit LCD screen. Voyager's data logging stores a full day of field results, which can conveniently be uploaded to a PC in the field or office.

Use it almost anywhere Voyager is compact, lightweight (15 lbs./6.8 kg) and ergonomically designed for field use. Carry it by the padded handle, the shoulder strap, or have both hands free for climbing ladders or catwalks using the specially designed harness.

Choose the best sampling option Inject gaseous samples manually by syringe or just point and press to use the built-in pump and sampling port. The pump can even be set to sample at predefined intervals to create a time- history profile of concentration levels for site-specific compounds.

Simplify operation with preconfigured assays Every Voyager is delivered with your choice of one or more application assays. Each assay automates the setup of the instrument operation conditions. With Voyager, running an assay and collecting data is as simple as press and go.

004160 Voyager application assays · Environmental (Assay #1) Forty VOCs, including those listed in U.S. EPA Methods 8240 and TO-14 · Petrochemical/Refining (Assay #2) Methanol, ethanol, methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE), t-amyl methyl ether (TAME), benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, m-xylene, o-xylene · ABS Rubber (Assay #4) Acrylonitrile, styrene, 1, 3-butadiene · Pulp and Paper (Assay #5) Hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), alpha-pinene, methanol, acetone · Surfactants and Sterilants (Assay #6) Ethylene oxide, propylene oxide · Latex Polymers (Assay #7) Methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, vinyl acetate, ethylene, styrene By using Photovac SiteChart software, all assays are easily customized for specific applications. Additional compounds can be added to the assay. Customized, site-specific application assays are readily saved, reloaded, and reused. For more power, performance and portability, the Photovac Voyager is the clear choice.

004161 Life Sciences Optoelectronics Instruments Fluid Sciences SPECIFICATIONS

Photovac

VOYAGER PORTABLE GAS CHROMATOGRAPH

Size 15.4“ ( 39 cm ) long, 10.6“ ( 27 cm ) wide, 5.9“ ( 15 cm ) high

Weight 15 lb. ( 6.8 kg ) with battery installed

Keypad 4 fixed function keys and 4 menu keys

Display 128 x 64 element graphical LCD with backlighting

Battery Capacity NiCd replaceable packs, extended life battery to power Voyager™ for up to 8 hours depending on ambient and column temperature

Serial Output RS-232, 9600 baud for connection to Windows™ based PC and communication to Voyager SiteChart software

Detectors Photoionization detector with quick-change electrodeless discharge UV lamp, 10.6 eV (standard) Electron Capture Detector (optional)

Alarm Output Internal audio - 85 decibels Alarm LED

Operating 41˚F to 105˚F (5˚C to 40˚C) Temperature Range

Operating Humidity 0-100% Relative Humidity (non-condensing)

Operating Low detection limits are dependent on compound Concentration Range monitored. Typical low detection limits are 5 ppb to 50 ppb. Consult your representative for further information.

Power 10-18 VDC, 115 or 240 VAC, adapter provided

Intrinsic Safety Class I, Division 1, Groups A, B, C, & D Zone 1 locations, Eex ib m llC T4, Demko No. 97D 121 971

PerkinElmer Instruments PerkinElmer Europa 761 Main Avenue Sjælsø Allé 7A, P.O. Box 79 Norwalk, CT 06859-0010 USA DK-3450 Allerød, Denmark Phone: (800) 762-4000 (45) 48 100 400 Fax: (203) 761-2677 www.photovac.com PHOTOVAC

PerkinElmer is a trademark of PerkinElmer, Inc. Voyager is a trademark of PerkinElmer Instruments LLC. Microsoft Windows is a registered trademark of The Microsoft Corporation.

004162 UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Office of Research and Development Washington, D.C. 20460

ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION PROGRAM VERIFICATION STATEMENT

TECHNOLOGY TYPE: FIELD-PORTABLE GAS CHROMATOGRAPH

APPLICATION: MEASUREMENT OF CHLORINATED VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN WATER

TECHNOLOGY NAME: Voyager

COMPANY Perkin-Elmer Corporation - Photovac Monitoring Instruments ADDRESS: 50 Danbury Road Wilton, CT 06897

PHONE: (203) 761-2557

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) created the Environmental Technology Verification Program (ETV) to facilitate the deployment of innovative environmental technologies through verification of performance and dissemination of information. The goal of the ETV program is to further environmental protection by substantially accelerating the acceptance and use of improved and cost-effective technologies. The ETV program is intended to assist and inform those involved in the design, distribution, permitting, and purchase of environmental technologies.

Under this program, in partnership with recognized testing organizations, and with the full participation of the technology developer, the EPA evaluates the performance of innovative technologies by developing demonstration plans, conducting field tests, collecting and analyzing the demonstration results, and preparing reports. The testing is conducted in accordance with rigorous quality assurance protocols to ensure that data of known and adequate quality are generated and that the results are defensible. The EPA National Exposure Research Laboratory, in cooperation with Sandia National Laboratories, the testing organization, evaluated field-portable systems for monitoring chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in water. This verification statement provides a summary of the demonstration and results for the Perkin-Elmer Photovac, Voyager field-portable gas chromatograph (GC).

DEMONSTRATION DESCRIPTION The field demonstration of the Voyager portable GC was held in September 1997. The demonstration was designed to assess the instrument’s ability to detect and measure chlorinated VOCs in groundwater at two contaminated sites: the Department of Energy’s Savannah River Site, near Aiken, South Carolina, and the McClellan Air Force Base, near Sacramento, California. Groundwater samples from each site were supplemented with performance evaluation (PE) samples of known composition. Both sample types were used to assess instrument accuracy, precision, sample throughput, and comparability to reference laboratory results. The primary target compounds at the Savannah River Site were trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene. At McClellan Air Force Base, the target compounds were

EPA-VS-SCM-24 The accompanying notice is an integral part of this verification statement November 1998 iii

004163 trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1,2-dichloropropane, and trans-1,3- dichloropropene. These sites were chosen because they contain varied concentrations of chlorinated VOCs and exhibit different climatic and geological conditions. The conditions at these sites are typical, but not inclusive, of those under which this technology would be expected to operate. A complete description of the demonstration, including a data summary and discussion of results, may be found in the report entitled Environmental Technology Verification Report, Field-Portable Gas Chromatograph, Perkin-Elmer Photovac, Voyager. (EPA/600/R- 98/144).

TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION Gas chromatography with electron capture detection is a proven analytical technology that has been used in environmental laboratories for many years. The gas chromatographic column separates the sample into individual components. The electron capture detector measures a change in electron current from a sealed radioactive source as compounds exit the chromatographic column, move through the detector, and capture electrons. The electron capture detector is particularly sensitive to chlorinated compounds. Compounds are identified by matching the column retention time of sample components, run under controlled temperature conditions, to those of standard mixtures run under similar conditions. Quantitation is achieved by comparing the detector response intensity of the sample component and the standard. A GC offers some potential for identification of unknown components in a mixture; however, a confirmational analysis by an alternative method is often advisable. Portable GC is a versatile technique that can be used to provide rapid screening data or routine monitoring of groundwater samples. In many GC systems, the instrument configuration can also be quickly changed to accommodate different sample matrices such as soil, soil gas, water, or air. As with all field analytical studies, it may be necessary to send a portion of the samples to an independent laboratory for confirmatory analyses.

The Voyager includes an on-board processor and is encapsulated in a weather-resistant case. The GC unit weighs about 15 pounds and the accessories for water analysis weigh about 33 pounds. Both units can be easily transported and operated in the rear compartment of a minivan. The instrument utilizes an equilibrium headspace technique for the analysis of VOCs in water. Instrument detection limits for many chlorinated VOCs in water are in the range of 5 to 10 mg/L. Sample processing and analysis can be accomplished by a chemical technician with 1 day of training; however, instrument method development and initial calibration may require additional experience and training. At the time of the demonstration, the baseline cost of the Voyager and headspace sampling accessories was $24,000. Operational costs, which take into account consumable supplies, are on the order of $25 per 8-hour day.

VERIFICATION OF PERFORMANCE The following performance characteristics of the Voyager were observed:

Sample Throughput: Throughput was one to three samples per hour. This rate includes the periodic analysis of blanks and calibration check samples. The sample throughput rate is influenced by the complexity of the sample, with less complex samples yielding higher throughput rates.

Completeness: The Voyager reported results for all 166 PE evaluation and groundwater samples provided for analysis at the two demonstration sites.

Analytical Versatility: The Voyager was calibrated for and detected 75% (24 of 32) of the PE sample VOCs provided for analysis at the demonstration. Three pairs of coeluting compounds were encountered in the GC methods used during this demonstration. For the groundwater contaminant compounds for which it was calibrated, the Voyager detected 39 of the 44 compounds reported by the reference laboratory at concentration levels in excess of 1 mg/L. A total of 68 compounds were detected by the reference laboratory in all groundwater samples.

Precision: Precision was determined by analyzing sets of four replicate samples from a variety of PE mixtures containing known concentrations of chlorinated VOCs. The results are reported in terms of relative standard deviations (RSD). The RSDs compiled for all reported compounds from both sites had a median value of 20% and a 95th percentile value of 69%. By comparison, the compiled RSDs from the reference laboratory had a median

EPA-VS-SCM-24 The accompanying notice is an integral part of this verification statement November 1998 iv

004164 value of 7% and a 95th percentile value of 25%. The range of Voyager RSD values for specific target compounds was as follows: trichloroethene, 7 to 71%; tetrachloroethene, <30% (limited data—-only one value was available); 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,2-dichloropropane (coeluting pair), 4 to 44%; 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 11 to 103%; and trans-1,3-dichloropropene, 8 to 46%.

Accuracy: Instrument accuracy was evaluated by comparing Voyager results with the known concentrations of chlorinated organic compounds in PE mixtures. Absolute percent difference (APD) values from both sites were calculated for all reported compounds in the PE mixtures. The APDs from both sites had a median value of 41% and a 95th percentile value of 170%. By comparison, the compiled APDs from the reference laboratory had a median value of 7% and a 95th percentile value of 24%. The range of Voyager APD values for target compounds was as follows: trichloroethene, 8 to 244%; tetrachloroethene, 24 to 99%; 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,2- dichloropropane (coeluting pair), 14 to 70%; 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 16 to 50%; and trans-1,3-dichloropropene, 3 to 62%.

Comparability: A comparison of Voyager and reference laboratory data was based on 33 groundwater samples analyzed at each site. The correlation coefficient (r) for all compounds detected by both the Voyager and the laboratory at or below the 100 mg/L concentration level was 0.890 at Savannah River and 0.660 at McClellan. The r values for compounds detected at concentration levels in excess of 100 mg/L were 0.830 for Savannah River and 0.999 for McClellan. These correlation coefficients reveal a moderately linear relationship between Voyager and laboratory data. The median absolute percent difference between groundwater compounds mutually detected by the Voyager and reference laboratory was 74%, with a 95th percentile value of 453%.

Deployment: The system was ready to analyze samples within 60 minutes of arrival at the site. At both sites, the instrument was transported in and operated from the rear luggage compartment of a minivan. The instrument was powered by self-contained batteries or from a small dc-to-ac inverter connected to the vehicle’s battery.

The results of the demonstration revealed that sample handling methodologies may have adversely affected the observed precision and accuracy of the instrument. Perkin-Elmer Photovac has developed an improved field method for sample preparation and handling that includes the use of an internal standard. The new method is expected to result in improved instrument precision and accuracy. The Voyager may be suitable for both field screening and routine analysis applications. In the selection of a technology for use at a particular site, the user must determine what is appropriate through consideration of instrument performance and the project’s data quality objectives.

Gary J. Foley, Ph. D. Samuel G. Varnado Director Director National Exposure Research Laboratory Energy and Critical Infrastructure Center Office of Research and Development Sandia National Laboratories

NOTICE: EPA verifications are based on an evaluation of technology performance under specific, predetermined criteria and the appropriate quality assurance procedures. EPA makes no expressed or implied warranties as to the performance of the technology and does not certify that a technology will always, under circumstances other than those tested, operate at the levels verified. The end user is solely responsible for complying with any and all applicable federal, state and local requirements.

EPA-VS-SCM-24 The accompanying notice is an integral part of this verification statement November 1998 v

004165