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2016. HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
Publisher: Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Republika Srpska Phone: +387 55 419 274Fax: +387 55 210 851 Email: [email protected] Web: www.helcommrs.org
For the publisher: Branko Todorović, Executive Director
Editors: Vedrana Subotić Tamara Zrnović
Authors: Miroslav Spasojević Vanesa Belkić Vedrana Subotić
Research Associates: Anisa Metalla Dragan Popović Dženeta Omerdić Gordan Kalajdžiev Jasmina Alihodžić
Sarah A. Freuden
Proofreading: Sarah A. Freuden
Design: Digital Prints www. digitalprints-bn.com
Free/non-commercial circulation:
Th e statements and analyses expressed herein are solely those of authors and do not represent the position or policy of the Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Republika Srpska. Th is report is made possible by the generous support of the US Agency for International Development (USAID) through the program “Balkans regional rule of law network” that has been implemented by the American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative (ABA ROLI).
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TABLEOFCONTENTS 1.EXECUTIVESUMMARY...... 4 2.INTRODUCTION...... 5 3.THEPURPOSEANDOBJECTIVESOFRESEARCH...... 6 4.METHODOLOGY...... 7 5.INTERNATIONALSTANDARDSFORPROTECTIONOFOFACCUSED…...... 9 5.1.Internationalinstrumentsthatprovidethelegalrepresentationtoaccused...... 9 5.2.Internationalpracticeinprovidingthelegalrepresentationtoaccused...... 10 5.2.1.U.S.FederalSystem...... 11 5.2.2.Armenia...... 13 5.2.3.Ukraine...... 15 6.KEYFINDINGS...... 17 6.1.TheanalysisofeffectivenessofthelegalprotectionsystemoftheaccusedinAlbania,Bosnia andHerzegovina,Kosovo,MacedoniaandSerbia...... 17 6.1.1.Albania...... 18 6.1.2.BosniaandHerzegovina...... 26 6.1.3.Kosovo...... 37 6.1.4.Macedonia...... 42 6.1.5.Serbia...... 51 6.2. The comparative analysis of effectiveness of the legal protection system of the accused in Albania,BosniaandHerzegovina,Kosovo,MacedoniaandSerbia...... 58 7.CONCLUSIONS...... 60 8.ANNEXES...... 61
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1.EXECUTIVESUMMARY ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ȁ Ǥ Ǥ The Research on the effectiveness of the legal protection system of the accused in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Macedonia and Serbia ʹͲͳͷǦ ʹͲͳǤ ǣ Enhancing the protection of the rights of the accused in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Macedonia and Serbia Ǥ ȋ Ȍ ǣBalkansregionalruleoflawnetworkȋȌǤ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ
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2.INTRODUCTION ǡ ǡǡ ȋȌ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ȁ Ǥ inter alia Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥǡ Ǥ ǣEnhancingtheprotectionofthe rightsoftheaccusedinAlbania,BosniaandHerzegovina,Kosovo,MacedoniaandSerbiaǤ Ǥ Comparative analysis on the criminal defense advocacy in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Macedonia and Serbia, ʹͲͳͶ ̶ ȋȌǤdz ǡ Ǥ
ȋȌǡ ȋȌǡ ǡ ȋ Ȍǡ ǡ Ȁ Dz©ǡdz 焁 ǡ ǡǡ Ǥ
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ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ ǡǡ Ǥ 3.THEPURPOSEANDOBJECTIVESOFRESEARCH ǡ ǡǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǣ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ Ǣ Ǣ Ǣ ǢǤ Ǥ
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4.METHODOLOGY ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡǡ ʹͲͳͷǦ ʹͲͳǤ Ǥ ǣ 1) the process of appointing attorneys for ex officio procedures; 2) payment for appointed attorneys; and 3) competence to provide defense for ex officio. Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ a)Reviewofrelevantdocuments ȋ ǡ ǡ ǡȌǤAnalysisofsecondarysources Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡǡ Ǥ ǡ ȋǤǤ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ȍ ǤͶ
Ͷ 焁 ȋ͵ǡʹͲͳͷȌǡȋͷǡʹͲͳͷȌȋͳʹǡ ʹͲͳͷȌǤ
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b) A written survey of target groups ȋ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ȌǤInterviewingthetargetgroups Ǥ Ǥ ͷͷ Ǥʹ͵ǡͻ ͺ Ǥǡͳͷ Dz ǡdz Ǥ ǡ͵ʹʹ͵ Ǥ Ͷ Ǥ ǡ͵Ͳ ǡ ͳͲ ǡǡ Ǥ Ǥ c) The focus groups ǡ ǡ Ȁ ǡ Ǥ ͵ʹ ȋͷͲΨǡͷͲΨȌǡ ǡͻͲͳͲͷȋͻͺȌǤ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ȀǤ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ȁ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ȋǡ Ȍǡ ȋȌǡ ȋȌǡ ȋǡ ȌǤ ͳ͵ͳ ȋ ǡ ͷ ȌȂǡ ǡ
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ǡ ǡ Ǥ 5. INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION OF HUMANRIGHTSOFACCUSED 5.1.Internationalinstrumentsthatprovidethelegalrepresentationtoaccused ǡ Ǥ ǡ ȀǤThe Universal Declaration on Human Rightsǡ ǡ ǡ ǡǡ Ǥ The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Dz Ǣ ǡ ǡ Ǣ ǡ ǡ dzDz Ǥdz International Bar Association ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ UN BasicPrinciplesonRoleofLawyersDz dz Dz ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡǡǡǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥdz ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Dzǡ Ȁ 焁 ȋ ͳͶȌǡ ǣȀȀǤ ǤȀȀȀȀ Ǥ 焁 ͺ ͳͻͻͲ
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ǡ Ǥdz ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǣ Ǣ Ǣ Ǣ Ǣ Ǣ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡǡ Ǥǡ Ȁ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ 5.2.Internationalpracticeinprovidingthelegalrepresentationtoaccused (TheU.S.FederalSystem,Armenia,andUkraine) ǤǤǡ Ǥ ǤǤ ǡǦ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡǡ 焁 ǡʹͳͻͻͲǡǤǤ ǤȀ ǤͳͶͶȀʹͺȀǤͳͳͳͺȋͳͻͻͲȌ 焁 ǡʹͳͻͻͲǡǤǤ ǤȀ ǤͳͶͶȀʹͺȀǤͳͳͳͺȋͳͻͻͲȌ
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Ǥ ǡǤ ǡ Ǧ ǡ ǡ Ǥ 5.2.1.U.S.FederalSystem ǤǤ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ͳͻͶȋ Ȍǡǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǯ Dz ǡdz Ǥ Ǥ ǤǤǡ Ǥ Ȃ Ǥ TypesofRepresentation– ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǧ ǡ ȋ ȌǤ Dzdz ǡ ʹͷΨ Ǥ ǡǡ ͲΨͶͲΨ Ǥ Eligibility for Representation – ǡ ǡǤ ǣ Ȍ Ȃ ǤǤǡ Ȃ ǤǤ Ǣ Ȍ Ǣ Ȍǡ ȋǤǤǡ ȌǢ 焁 ǤǤ ǡǦ Ǥ 焁 ǡǦǦ Ǥ
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Ȍǡ Ǣ Ȍ Ǣ Ȍ Ǣ Ȍ ǡ ǯ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Dz Ǥdz ǡ ǯǤ ScopeofRepresentation– ǡ Dz ǡdz Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Qualifications of Appointed Counsel – ǡ ǤǤ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǣ Ǣ ǡ ǡ Ǣ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ȁ Ǥ ǡǡ Dz ǡdzȂǤǤǡȂǡ Ǥ Ǧ ǯ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Appointment Process and DurationǦ ǡ Ǥ ǡǡ Dz dz ǣ ȋ ȌǢ ȋ Ǧǡ ȌǢ ǡ Ǧ Ǣ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ .
焁 ǡ ǡ Ǥ
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ǡ Ǧ Ǥǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡȋ Ȍǡ Ǥ ǡǤ ǡǡ Ȃ Ȃ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ FeesandPaymentofAppointedCounsel– ǡ Ǥ ǡ ̈́ͳʹͻǦ ǡ Ǥ ȋǡ̈́ͳͲǡͲͲͲǡ̈́ʹǡͻͲͲǡ̈́ǡʹͲͲ ȌǤ Ǥ ͵ͲͲ̈́͵ͲǡͲͲͲǤ ǡ Ǧ Ǧ Ǥ̵ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ 5.2.2.Armenia ʹͲͲǡ ǯ ȋȌǡ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǯ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ EligibilityforRepresentation–ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ ǡ ǯ ǯ Ǥ ʹͲͳͷǡ͵ǡͺͲ Ǥ
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StructureofthePDO– ȋǯ Ȍ ȋ Ȍǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǯ ǡ ̈́ͲͲǡͲͲͲ ǡ Ǥ Ǯ ȋ Ȍǡ ǮǤ ǡ ǡǦǦ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡǦ Ǥ Ǣ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ Ǧ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Hiring and Retention Processes– Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ʹͲͳ͵ǡ ǡ Ǥǡinteraliaǣ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡǡ Ǥ ǡ ʹͲΨ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ʹͲͳͷǡ ǯǤ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ TrainingandMentorshipofPublicDefenders– ǡ Ǧ Ǥǡ ʹͲͳͶ Ǥǡ Ǥ Ǧǡǡ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ Ȃ Ȃ
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Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǯǤ ʹͲͲͻǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Fees and Payment of Public DefendersǦ Ǥ ̈́Ͳ̈́ͲͲǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ 5.2.3.Ukraine ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ʹͲͳͳǡǯ Dz Ǥdz ǡ ȋȌ Ǥ ʹͲͳʹǡ ȋȌǡ Ǥ ǡ ʹͲͳͶ Dz ǯ dz ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǣ Dz ǡdz ȂǤǤǡ ǢDz ǡdz Ǥ ǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǣǡ Ȁǡ ǡ Ǣ Ǣ Ǣ Ǣ ǡinteraliaǡ ǡ ǡ ǦǤ Eligibility for Representation and Scope of RepresentationǦ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥǡ ǤǦ ǡ
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ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ȁ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ RequirementsforAppointmentandAppointmentProcess– ȋ ȌǤ ǡ ǣͳȌ ǯ ǡʹȌǡ ͵Ȍ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǯ ǤʹͲͳͶǡ͵ǡͺͺͻ ͵ͲǡͲͲͲ ǤǡʹǡͳͺͲ Ǥ ǡǡ Ǥ ǡ ǦǤ ǡ Ǣ Ǥ ǤǡǦ ǡ Ǥ Ȃ ǡ inter aliaǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Fees and Payment of FSLA Lawyers – ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǦǦ ǡ ǡǤ 焁 Ǣ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ 焁 ʹͲͳͶǡǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ 焁 ǡ ǡ Ǥ
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ǡ ʹǤͷ ȋ ȌǤ ǡ ǡ ǡ ȂǤǤǡǤ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ 6.KEYFINDINGSOFCONDUCTEDRESEARCH 6.1.Theanalysisofeffectivenessofthelegalprotectionsystemoftheaccusedin Albania,BosniaandHerzegovina,Kosovo,MacedoniaandSerbia ǡ ǡǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ Ǧ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ʹͲǤ Ǧ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǧ Ȁ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ
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ǡ ȋ Ȍ Ǥ ǯǤǡ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ȋ Ȍ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ʹͲͲ͵ǡ ǡ ʹͲͳ͵Ǥ ǡ Ǥ 6.1.1.Albania a) Overview of the Criminal Law Reforms: ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǣ ǡ Ǣ Ǣ Ǣ Ǣ Ǥ ʹͲͳʹǡ ǯ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ȋ Ȍǡ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǡǡ Ǥ Presentlaw: ǡ Ǥ
焁 ǡʹͺǡͳͻͻͺǡǤ
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ǯ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥͳ ThejointorderissuedbyMinistryofJusticeandtheBARassociation̵ Ǧ Ǥ Dz ǡdz DzdzͺͲΨǤdz Ǥ ʹ ȋͳͻͻȌ Dz Ǥdz ǡ ǡ Ǥ RegulationDz ǡ ͲΨȋ ͵ȌǤ b)ThesituationofthelegalassistanceinAlbaniainthecontextofpresentjustice reformprocess19 ʹͲͳʹǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ʹͲͳ͵ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ʹͲͳ͵ǡͳ 焁 ͳͳͻͳͲͻǡͳȀͲȀʹͲͲ͵ǡDz ǡ ͳ 焁 ʹʹͻͳͲͻǡͳȀͲȀʹͲͲ͵ǡDz dz 焁 ǡ Ǥ ͳʹͺͶȀ͵ ʹͳʹǡ ͳȀͲͷȀʹͲͲͷǡ Dz dz ͳͻ 焁 Ǥ ǡ Ǥ
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Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Legalaidbudget: ǡ ǣa) Ǣb) ȋ Ȍǡ Ǣc) Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡǤ ǤʹͲͳͷ ͳ͵ǡͲͲǡͲͲͲǤ ͶǡͳͺͲǡͲͲͲǤ DzʹͲͳͶǡ ͵ͻ ǡ ʹͲͳ͵Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥdz ǡǡ ǡDz dz Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ȋ Ȍ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ c)Issuesrelatedtopracticalimplementation
焁 ǡ ǡ ǤʹͲǡʹͲͳͶȋʹͲͳʹȌͻǤ
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Inthearrestanddetentionstage: ǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Inthestageofpreliminaryinvestigations: ǡ Ǥ ȋ Ȍ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ȁǡ ǡȀ Dzdz ǡ ȀǤ Dzdz Dzȋ ǡdz ǡ ȀǤ Ǥ In the stage of first instance judgment: ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Dzdz Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Dzdz Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Dzdzǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡǤ Inthestageaftertheverdict(appeal,recourse,request,review): Ǥ ǡ ǡǦǦ Dz Ǥdz ǡ ǡ Dz dz ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Dz
焁 ǡ ͶͻǤ
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ǡ ̵Ȁ Ȁ̵ Ǥ ǡ ǡ̵ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Inthestageofsentenceexecution:ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Dz Ǥdz ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Qualityofdefense:Ǥǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǯ Ǥ ǡǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Dz Ǥdz Dz Ǥdz 焁 Dz dz ǡ Ǥ
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Ǥ Ǥ ʹͲͲͷǡ ǡRegulationNo2ȋͳͻͻȌ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ The Joint Orderǡ ǡ ȋ Ȍǡ Dz dzDzǤdz ȋǤǤ Ȍǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Dz dz ǤDzdz ǡ Ǥ Dz ǡ ǡ Ȁ Ǥ Ȁ ̵ǡȀ̵ ǤdzʹͶ Defendants–minorsundertrial: Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ͳͶǦͳͺ ǡ Ǥ ͷͶ ǡ Ǥǡ ͵ͷ Ǥ ǤDz ǡ ͳʹͺCriminalProcedureCodeǡ
焁 ͳʹͺͶȀ͵ǡͳǤͲͷǤʹͲͲͷǡ ʹͳʹǡͳǤͲͷǤʹͲͲͷ ǣDz dz ʹͶ 焁 ǤʹʹʹǡͶǡʹͲͲʹ
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ǡ Ǥ ǡǡ Ǧǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ Ǥ ͵ConventionontheRightsoftheChildǡǡ ǡdzǡ Ǥ ǡ Dz dz ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Individuals damaged by a criminal act: ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ d)Conclusionsandrecommendations Ǧ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧǡ ǯ ǤǦ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ Ǧ ǡǤ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ
焁 Ǥͳ͵ǡ ͳͲǡʹͲͲͷ
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Ǥ Ǥ ǯǦ Ǥ Ȁ Ǥ ȋȌ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥǯ Ǥ ǡǤǯ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǯǤ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǡ ǣ x Ǧ ǯǢ x Ǧ ǯ Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ
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x Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǣ x Ǣ 6.1.2.BosniaandHerzegovina a) Overview of the Criminal Law Reforms: ȋͳͻͻͷȌ ǡȋȌ ȋ Ȍǡ Ǥ « ǡ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ Ǥǡ Dz dz Ǥ State (BIH) Level: Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina ǡ Ǥ ȋ ͵ǡʹͲͲʹȌ ȋ ȌǤ Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina ȋʹͲͲʹȌǡ ǤThe High Judicial and ProsecutorialCouncil(HJPC)ǦʹͲͲͶ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Constitutional Court of the FBiH ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǤThe Supreme Court 焁 ǡʹ ǡ͵ Ǥ Ǥ 焁 ͷ͵ǡ Ǥ Ǥ
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ǣǡ ǡǡ Ǥ Ǥ CantonalCourts ǡ ǡ Ǥ MunicipalCourts ǡ Ǥ RepublikaSrpska:ConstitutionalCourtoftheRS ǡ Ǥ ǤTheSupremeCourtoftheRS ǣ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ District Courts ǡ Ǥ District Commercial Courts ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǤThe High Commercial Court ǡ ǡ Ǥ Basic Courts ǡ Ǥ The Brcko District: Appellate Court of the Brcko District ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Basic Court of the BD ǡ Ǥ ȋ ʹͲͲ͵Ȍ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ȁ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ Ǧ Ǥ b)ThesituationofthelegalassistanceinBosniaandHerzegovinainthecontext ofpresentjusticereformprocess
焁 Ǧǡȋ ǡȌ Ǧ Ǥ
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ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǣDz Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥdzʹͻ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ȋ Ȍ Ǥʹ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ͵ͳ Ǥǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ
ʹͻ 焁 ǡ ͷȂǢ ǡ ͷȂ Ǣ ǡ ͷȂǢ ǡ ͷȂǤ 焁 ȋ Ȍ Ǥ ǡ ǡȀ Ǥ ͵ͳ 焁 ̵ ̶ Ȃ ǡdz ǡ Ǥ 焁 Ǧǡ Ǥ
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Ǥ Ǥ Mandatorydefense: ȀǤ ǡ ǣ ǡ Ǣ Ǣ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǣ Ǧ Ǣ Ǣ ͳͲǤ ǡǡǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǧǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ȁ Ǥ Ȁ Ȁ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ȁ
焁 ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ 焁 ǡ ͵ͻǡͶͷǢ ǡ ͷ͵ǡͷͻǢ ǡ Ͷǡͷ͵Ǣ ǡ ͵ͻǡͶͷǤ 焁 ǡ ͶǢ ǡ ͳǢ ǡ ͷͷǢ ǡ ͶǤ
29 HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
Defenseatpublicexpenseincasewhenthereisnotmandatorydefenseǣ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡǤ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ȁ Ǥ Ȁ Ȁ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ȁ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ȁ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ȁ ǡ ȀǤ Ǥ Eligibilitycriteriaforappointingdefenselawyer: Ȁ Ǥ BarAssociation Ǥ Ȁ ǡ Ǥ c)Issuesrelatedtopracticalimplementation38 焁 ǡ ȋ ǡ ǡ ǡǦȌǤ Ȁ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡǤ Ȁ ǡ Ǥ 焁 Ǣ ͵ͺ 焁 Ǥ
30 HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
Appointmentoftheexofficiolawyers: ǡ ̶ǡ̶ ǡ Ǥ ̶ ̶ Ǥ ǡ Ǥǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ȁ ǡ Ǥǡ ̶̶̶̶ Ǧ ȀǤ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ȁ Ȁ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ȃ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ 焁 ʹͲͲͷǦʹͲͳͲ͵ʹ Ͷͳ ǤǣǣȀȀǤ ǤȀǦǦǦǦǦǦȀ
31 HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥǡ ǡǡ ǡ ̵ǡ ǤͶͳ Ǥ ʹͲͲͻ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ̶ Ǥ̶ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǧ ǡǤǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Payment to the ex officio lawyers: Ȁ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ȁ 焁 ̵ ǡ Ǥ Ȁ Ǥ Ͷͳ 焁 ,QWKH6DUDMHYR&DQWRQDOFRXUWLVVXHGDYHUGLFWDJDLQVWǤǤʹͲǡ ǡ ǡǡ ǤͷǤǡǤ Ǥ ǡǤǤ ǤǤ Ǥ ǡ ǤǤ Ǥ ǡ ͶǤͷͲ ǤǣǣȀȀǤǤȀȀ ȀǤǫαͳͳͳ 焁 ǡ ǡ ʹͷǡ ǡ ǡ ͵ͳǤ
32 HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ͳ Ǥ ǡǤ ǡ Ǥ ǯ Ǥǡ ȋͳͲͲΨȌǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ͷͲΨ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ
焁 ǡ ʹͳͳǡ ͺͲȀͳͷǡʹͲͳͷǤ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ 焁 ǡ Ǥǡ ǡͻͲͲ Ǥ ͺͲǡǡͷͲΨǤ
33 HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Competenciesoftheexofficiolawyers: ǡ ǡǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ȁ ȋȌǤ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ ͳͲ Ǥǡ ʹͷͲ Ǥ ǡ
焁 ǡ ǡ ȋȌ Ǥ ǡ ͲȀͳͳǡ ͶͳǤ 焁 ǡ ǡǡ ǤͷͲȋǤǤ ǡ ǡ ǤȌ ǡ Ǥ 焁 ǡ ͵Ͳ ʹͲͲͷǤ ǣǣȀȀǤǤȀǫ αƬα͵Ƭα
34 HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
ȀȀ Ǥ ǡ specially admitted. ǡ ǡǤ Ǥ Ȁ Ǥ ǡ ȋ Ȍ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǧǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥǡ Ȁ Ǥ ǡ Ǥǡ ǡǡ Ǥ d)Conclusionsandrecommendations Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǯ 焁 ǡ ͵ǤͶȋͶȌǤ 焁 ǡ ͶǢ ǡ ͳǢ ǡ ͷͷǢ ǡ ͶǤ 焁 ǡͷͶȀͲͷǡǣȀȀǤǤǤȀȀ ȀȀȀ̴̴̴̴̴ͷͶ̴Ͳͷ̴Ǧ ̴Ǥ
35 HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
Ǥ Ǥǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǯǤ ǯ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ ȋ ȌǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ȁ Ǥ ȋȌ Ǥǡ Ǧ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ǯǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ȋ ǯ ǡ ȌǤ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ
36 HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
ǯ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǣ x Ǧ ǯǢ x Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǧ Ǧ Ǥ 6.1.3.Kosovo a)OverviewoftheCriminalLawReforms: ȋͳͻͻͻȌǡ ȋ ȌǤ ǡ Ǥ ʹͲͲͺǤ ǡǯ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ȋǦ Ȍǡȋ Ǧ Ȍ ǤSupremeCourtofKosovo ǤConstitutionalCourt
焁 ǡ ͳͳͲ ǡ ʹ͵Ǥ 焁 ǡ ͶǦͺǡǡ ʹͶǡʹͲͳͲǤ
37 HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
Ǥ KosovoJudicialCouncilȋ Ȍ ǡǤ Ǥǡ Ǥ ʹͲͲͶ quasiǦadversarialhybrid ǡ ǡ Ǥ ȋ ʹͲͳ͵Ȍ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ b)ThesituationofthelegalassistanceinKosovointhecontextofpresentjustice reformprocess ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ͳͷ Ǥ ͳͲ ǡ Ͳͷ ȋȌ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǣ ȋȌǢ Ǣ Ǣ Ǣ Ǣ Ǣ Ǣ 焁 ͳ͵ǢʹͲͳͶǡͳͳ Ǥ 焁 ǡ ǡ ͳʹǤ 焁 ȋȌǦ ʹͲͳ͵Ǥ Ǥ 焁 ǡ ǡ ͳǡʹͲͳͶǤ ǡ ǡǤ
38 HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
Ǣ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ȋȌ ǡ ȋǤǤǡ ǡ ȌǤ ͳͳ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Mandatory defenseǣ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡǦǡ Ȁ Ǥ ǣ ǡǡ ȀǢ ǡ ȀǢ ǡ ȋǤǤ Ȍ Ȁ Ǣ Ȁ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ȀǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ 焁 ǡ ͵ͳǤ 焁 ȋ ȌǤʹͲͲȀ͵Ǥ ʹǡʹͲͳʹǤͲͶȀǦͳ ǡ Ǥ 焁 ǡǡ ͷ͵Ǥ
39 HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
Defense at public expense in case when there is not mandatory defenseǣ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǣ Ǣ Ȁ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ Ȁ Ǥ Eligibilitycriteriaforappointingdefenselawyer: Ǧ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ȁ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Dzdz Ǥ privilegedǡ ǡ ǡ ǯ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ȁ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ
焁 ǡǡ ͷͺǤ 焁
40 HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
Ǥ Reimbursementofattorneyfeesasqualityassurance: Ȁ Ǥ Administrative Instruction on Procedures and Height Compensation of ExǦofficio Defense Counselsǡ Ǧ ǣ Ȍ ǢȌǢ Ȍ ǤǦ ̀ͷͲͲǤͲͲ Ǥ ProceduresforCompensationofDefenseatPublicExpenditures, ǣȌ ǢȌ Ǥ ǡ ̀ͷͲͲǤͲͲǡ Ǥǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ c)Issuesrelatedtopracticalimplementation ǡ ǡ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ ʹʹͲͳǤ Ǥ Ȁ Ǥ ǡ Ȁ ǡ ǡ Ǥ 6.1.4.Macedonia 焁 ǡ Ǧ ǡ ǣȀȀǤǦǤȀȀ ȀǦ ǦǦ ǦǦǦǦ̴͵ʹͻͳͷͶǤ 焁 ͷ ǡ ʹͲͳͶǡ ǣȀȀǤǦ ǤȀȀ ȀǤͻͺͷǤʹͲͳͶǦ̴ ̴ǤͲʹǤʹͲͳͶ̴̴̴ ǤǤǤǤ
41 HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
a)OverviewoftheCriminalLawReforms: ǡǡ ǡ ǤConstitutionalCourt ǡ ǡ Ǣ Ǣ ǡ ǡ ǡǡ ǦǢ ǯ Ǣ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ȂDzdz ǦDzdz ʹͲͳ͵ Ǥ ǣ Ǣ ǡ Ǣ Ǥ Ǧǡ ǡ ǯ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǧ Ǥǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ͲΨ ǡ ǯ Ǥ ǡ 焁 ǡ ͳͲͻͳͳͲǤ 焁 ͷͷ ǡʹ͵ǡ ͻͺ Ǥͳͷ Dz dzǤ
42 HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
Ǥ ǡ ȋ ǡ ǡ ǤȌǤ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ȋǤǤ ȌǤ ǡ ǡ ȋ͵ΨȌǤͷΨ ǡ ͳ͵ΨǤͻΨ Ǥ ǡ ǣ the lack of judicial control over preliminaryprocedure;insufficienttimetopreparethedefense;thelackofaccesstorecords; thelackofeasyaccesstoadefenseattorney;misuseofcommunicationasanewmethodto speeduptheprocedure;theshortdurationofthecontactbetweenthedefenseattorneyand thedetainedpersons;themonopolyofthepoliceandprosecutorovertheevidence;thelackof easyaccesstoexpertwitnessesandprofessionalanalysis. b)ThesituationoflegalassistanceinMacedoniainthecontextofpresentjustice reformprocess66 PreǦtrial proceedings: Ǥ ȋȌǡ ǡ ǯ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ
焁 Effective Defense in Criminal Proceedings in Republic of Macedonia. ʹͲͳͶǤ ǡǤ 焁 ǡ ͶͻǤ
43 HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
ǡǤ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ȋ Ȍ oftheirchoice, Ǥ ǡ ǯ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ʹͶǤ Ǥ Mandatory defense : Ǧ ǡ ǡǤ ǡ ǡ ǯ Ǥǡ detention Ǥ ǡǡ ǡ Ǥ Defenseatpublicexpensein casewhenthereisnotmandatorydefenseǣ ǡǡ ǡ ǯ ǡ ǯ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ
焁 Ǧǡ Ǥ 焁 ͳ ȋͳǡͷͲͲ ȌͷǡͷͲͲǤͲͲ Ǥ ȋ defacto Ȍ Dz dz ʹΨ Ǥ 焁 ǡ ȋȌ Dz dz Ǥ
44 HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Eligibility criteria for appointing defense lawyer to indigent people: gravity of thecriminaloffenceandseverityofthelawǦstipulatedsanctionǡcomplexity ǡ financial status Ǥ ȋ Ȍ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡǯ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡǡǡ ǯ Ǥ Reimbursement of attorney fees as quality assurance: Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡǤ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ 焁 ǡ ͷǡͳ 焁 Ǧ ʹǡͲͲͲǤͲͲͷǡͲͲͲǤͲͲ ǡǤǤǡǤ ǡ ǯ Ǥ
45 HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
Ǧǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ Ǥǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥǡ Ǥ c)Issuesrelatedtopracticalimplementation Appointmentoftheexofficiolawyers: Ǥ ǡ ͷͶΨǡ ǡ͵ͷΨ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ȋ Ȍǡ Ǥ ǡ 焁 ǡͳȀ͵ ǡǣ ǤǤǤǤ
46 HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥǡ ǡ ̶ ǡdz Ǥ Ǥ ǡǡ Ǥ ǯ ǯ ȂǤǤǡ Ȃǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ȋͻΨȌ ǡʹʹΨ ǡ ǡ ǤͻΨ Ǥ ǣ Ǣ Ǣ ǡǢ ȂǤǤǡ ǯȋȌ Ǣ Ȁ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡǤ ȋͲΨȌ ǢʹͺΨ ǡͳʹΨ Ǥ reasons ǡ ǣ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡȀ Ȁ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ȋͺΨȌDz dzDz Ǥdz
47 HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
Paymenttotheexofficiolawyers: ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡǡ Ǥ ǡ ͷͲ ǡǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ȃ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Competenciesoftheexofficiolawyers: ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ȋ ȌǤ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡǡ Ǥ ǡ ̵ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ 焁 ʹͲͳͶʹͲͳͷ Ǥ
48 HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ d)Conclusionsandrecommendations ǡ Ǥ ǯ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ ǡǦǡ ǯ ǤǦ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǦǤ ǡ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ Ǧ Ǥ Ȁ Ǥ ȋȌ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ
49 HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
Ǥǯ Ǥ ǡǤǯ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǡ ǣ x Ǧ ǯǢ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǧ ǯ Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǣ x Ǧ ǯǢ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǣ x Ǣ x Ǧ Ǥ
50 HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
6.1.5.Serbia a)OverviewoftheCriminalLawReforms: Ǥ ȋǡ ǡ ǡ ȌǤ ȋǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ȍ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ȃ ʹͲͳͲ ʹͲͳ͵ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ȋ Ȍ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ʹͲͲͳ ʹͲͳͲʹͲͳ͵Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ȃ ǡǤ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǦǤ ǡ Ǥ
焁 lexspecialis. 焁 ǡ ͳǤ 焁 ͳͳȂǡ Ǥ 焁 ǡ ͳͷ͵Ǥ
51 HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
ǡ ǯ ǡ ͳǡʹͲͳͶǤ b) The situation of legal assistance in Serbia in the context of present justice reformprocess ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǣ Ǣ ǯ Ǣ Ǥ Mandatory defense: ǡ ǡǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǣ ǡǡ ǡǡ Ǣ ǡ Ǣ Ǣ Ǣ Ǣ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ 焁 ǡ ʹǤ 焁 ǡ ͺͶǤǣ ǣȀȀȀǣȀΨʹͲ ȀȀ̴ʹͲͳͳΨʹͲΨʹͲ̴Ǥ
52 HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
Ǥǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Defense at public expense in case when there is not mandatory defense Ȁ ǡ ǯ ǡǤ ǯǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Reimbursement of attorney fees: ͷͲΨǤ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ c)Issuesrelatedtopracticalimplementation82 焁 Ǧ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ͺʹ 焁 Ǧ . ʹͲͳͷ ǡǤ ȋǤǤǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ȍ ǡæǤ
53 HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
Appointment of the ex officio lawyers: ǡ Ǧ Ǥǡ ǤǡǦ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ̶̶ Ǥ ǡ Ȁ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ̵ Ǥǡ Ǥ ̵ ʹͶǤ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǦǤ Ǧ ǡ ̶̶̶Ǥdz ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǯ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Paymenttotheexofficiolawyers: ǡ ǡ ͷͲΨ Ǥ ǡ ǡ
焁 ǡǡͶǡͶ ǡͳͶ ǡ ǡ Ǥ
54 HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡǦ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡǡ ̵ǤͺͶ ǯ ǡ ǡǦ ǡǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ̶ ̶ Ȁ ͷͲΨ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ̶ ̶ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Competenciesoftheexofficiolawyers:ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ̶ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ̶ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ȋǤǤ ȌǤ Ǥ ǡ ͺͶ 焁 ʹͲͳ͵ 焁 ǡ ͳ
55 HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ȁ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǯǡ ǯ Ȁ ǡ Ǥ d)Conclusionsandrecommendations Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǡǦ ȋȌǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ
焁 ǡ ǡʹǢ ǡ ͳǤ
56 HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
Ǥ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ͳͲͲ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥǯ ǡ Ǥǡ Ǧ ǯǤ ǡ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǡ ǣ x Ǧ ǯǢ x ǡ Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǣ x Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ
57 HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
x ǯ Ǣ x Ǧ Ǥ 6.2.The comparative analysis of effectiveness of the legal protection system of theaccusedinAlbania,BosniaandHerzegovina,Kosovo,MacedoniaandSerbia Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ newapproach Ǥnew approach should be tackled early in the accession process and the corresponding chapters opened accordingly on the basis of action plans, as they require the establishment of convincing track records.ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ 焁 ǡʹ͵ 焁 ʹͲͳͳǣͷǤ
58 HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
proceduralpresuppositions Ǥ ǡ Ǥǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ȋȌ Ǥ Ǥ Ǣǡ Ǥ 7.CONCLUSIONS 焁 Ǥ
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Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ procedural presuppositions Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ ǣ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ Ǧ Ǧ ǡ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ ANNEX1:POLICYPAPERSOFALBANIA,BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA,MACEDONIA ANDSERBIA ENHANCINGTHEPROTECTIONOFRIGHTSOFACCUSEDINALBANIA ExecutiveSummary
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Ǧ Ǥ The Research on the effectiveness of the legal protection system of accused in Albania,BosniaandHerzegovina,Kosovo,MacedoniaandSerbia, ʹͲͳ ̶ȋȌdzǤ Ǥ ǣǦ ǡ Ǧ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ Introduction ̶ ǡ ǡǡ ̶Ǥ Ǥ ComparativeanalysisonthecriminaldefenseadvocacyinAlbania,BosniaandHerzegovina, Kosovo, Macedonia and Serbia, ʹͲͳͶ ̶ȋȌdzǤ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡǡ Ǥ ǡ
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ǡ Ǥ ǣ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ȁ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Problemdescription Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ʹͲͳʹ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ ȋ ǯ Ȍ Ǥ ʹͲͳʹǡ ǣ Ǣ Ǣ Ǣ Ǥǡ Ǥ Ǥ ʹͲͳ͵ǡ
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ǡ ǯ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ʹͲͳ͵ǡͳ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ̵ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡȀǡ ǡȀ Dzdz Ǥ ǡ ǡǤǤ Dzdz ǡ Dzȋ Ȍ dzǤ ǡ Dz dzǤ Ǥ Ȁ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Dzdz Ǥ Ǥ Dzdz Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Dzdzǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Dz dzǤ ǡDz dz ǡ Ǥ Ǥ
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Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Dz dzǤǡ Ǥ Ǥ PolicyProposal Ǧ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ ǯ ǤǦ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ Ǧ ǡǤ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǯǦ Ǥ Ȁ Ǥ ȋ Ȍ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥǯ Ǥ
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ǡǤǯ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǯǤ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ PolicyRecommendations ǡ ǣ x Ǧ ǯǢ x Ǧ ǯ Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǣ x Ǣ
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ENHANCINGTHEPROTECTIONOFRIGHTSOFACCUSEDINBOSNIAAND HERZEGOVINA ExecutiveSummary Ǧ Ǥ TheResearchontheeffectivenessofthelegalprotectionsystemofaccused inAlbania,BosniaandHerzegovina,Kosovo,MacedoniaandSerbia, ʹͲͳ ̶ȋȌdzǤ Ǥ ǣǦ ǡ Ǧ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥǯ Ǥ Introduction ̶ ǡ ǡǡ ̶Ǥ Ǥ ComparativeanalysisonthecriminaldefenseadvocacyinAlbania,BosniaandHerzegovina, Kosovo, Macedonia and Serbia, ʹͲͳͶ ̶ȋȌdzǤ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ ǡ 66 HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
Ǥ ǡ ǡǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǣ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ȁ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ʹͲͲ͵Ǥ ǡ Ȁ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡǤ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ
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Problemdescription Appointment of the ex officio lawyers: ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ȋ ǡ ǡ ȌǤ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ȁ ǡ Ǥǡ ̶̶ ̶̶ Ǧ Ȁ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ȁ Ȁ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ̵ Ǧ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡǦ Ǥ
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ǡ ǡ Ǥǡ ǡǡ ǡ ̵ Ǥǡ Ǥ ʹͲͲͻ Ǥǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ ǡǤǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Paymenttotheexofficiolawyers: Ȁ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ȁǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ͳ Ǥ ǡǤ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǯ Ǥǡ
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ȋͳͲͲΨȌǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡͷͲΨ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡǡ ǡǤ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Competencesoftheexofficiolawyers: ǡ ǡǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ȁ ȋȌǤ Ȁ ǡ
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Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǯ Ȁ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ ͳͲ Ǥ ǡ ʹͷͲ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ speciallyadmitted. ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ȋ Ȍ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡǡ ǡǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǧǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥǡ Ȁ Ǥ Ǥ PolicyProposal
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Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧǡ Ǥ ǡ ǯ Ǥ Ǥǡ Ǥ Ǥǡǡ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ ȋ ȌǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ȁ Ǥ ȋȌ Ǥǡ Ǧ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ǯǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ
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Ǥ ȋǯ ǡ ȌǤ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ PolicyRecommendations ǡ ǣ x Ǧ ǯǢ x Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǧ Ǧ Ǥ ENHANCINGTHEPROTECTIONOFRIGHTSOFACCUSEDINMACEDONIA ExecutiveSummary Ǧ Ǥ The Research on the effectiveness of the legal protection system of accused in Albania,BosniaandHerzegovina,Kosovo,MacedoniaandSerbia, ʹͲͳ
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̶ȋȌdzǤ Ǥ ǣǦ ǡ Ǧ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ Introduction ̶ ǡ ǡǡ ̶Ǥ Ǥ ComparativeanalysisonthecriminaldefenseadvocacyinAlbania,BosniaandHerzegovina, Kosovo, Macedonia and Serbia, ʹͲͳͶ ̶ȋȌdzǤ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǣ ǡ ǡ Ǥ
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ǡ ǡǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ȁ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Problemdescription ǡ ǡ ǡǤ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ȂDzdz ǦDzdz ʹͲͳ͵Ǥ Ǣ ǡǢ Ǥ Ǧǡ ǡ ǯ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥǡ ǡ
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ͲΨ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ȋ ǡ ȌǤ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ exofficio Ǥǡ detention Ǥ ǡǡ indurationoftenyearsǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡǯ ǡ ǯ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡǡ Ǥǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡǤ ǡ Ǧ ǡ ǡ Ǥǡ ǡ ǡǯ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ
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Ǧ Ǥǡ ǡ ǡ ǡǤ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǦǤ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥǡ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥǡ ȋ Ȍȋ Ȍ ǡ ǡ ȋ ǡͳȀ͵ ȌǤ ȋȌ ȋȌǤ ǣ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ
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ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡǡ Ǥ ǡǡ ǡ ǡǤ ǡȀ Ȁ Ǥ ǡ ǡǤ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ ǡ ǡ ȋ ȌǤ Ǥǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡǡ Ǥ ǡ ̵ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥǡ ǡ Ǥ
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PolicyProposal ǡ Ǥ ǯ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ Ǧ ǡ ǯ ǤǦ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǦǤ ǡ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ Ǧ Ǥ Ȁ Ǥ ȋ Ȍ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥǯ Ǥ
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ǡǤǯ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ PolicyRecommendations ǡ ǣ x Ǧ ǯǢ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǧ ǯ Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǣ x Ǧ ǯǢ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǣ x Ǣ x Ǧ Ǥ
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ENHANCINGTHEPROTECTIONOFRIGHTSOFACCUSEDINSERBIA ExecutiveSummary Ǧ Ǥ The Research on the effectiveness of the legal protection system of accused in Albania,BosniaandHerzegovina,Kosovo,MacedoniaandSerbia, ʹͲͳ ̶ȋȌdzǤ Ǥ ǣǦ ǡ Ǧ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Introduction ̶ ǡ ǡǡ ̶Ǥ Ǥ ComparativeanalysisonthecriminaldefenseadvocacyinAlbania,BosniaandHerzegovina, Kosovo, Macedonia and Serbia, ʹͲͳͶ ̶ȋȌdzǤ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ
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ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǣ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ȁ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Problemdescription ȂʹͲͳͲ ʹͲͳ͵Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ʹͲͲͳ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ȃ Ǧ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǦǤ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǣ
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ǡǡǡ Ǣ Ǣ Ǣ Ǣ Ǣ Ǣ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ȁ ǡ ǯ ǡǤ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǤǤǦ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ ͷͲΨǤ
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Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ Ǥǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ̶̶ Ǥǡ ǡ Ȁ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ̵ Ǥǡ Ǥ ̵ ʹͶǤ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥǡ Ǥ ǡ ǯ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ͷͲΨǤ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ
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Ǥǡ Ǥǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ̵ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ ǡ ǡ Ǧ ǡǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ̶̶ǡ ͷͲΨ Ȁ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ̶ ̶ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡǡ Ǥǡ Ǥǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥǡ Ȁ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ
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ǡ ǡǡ Ǥ ǡ Ȁ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ̶̶ Ǥ PolicyProposal Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǡǦ ȋȌǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ͳͲͲ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ǯ ǡ Ǥǡ Ǧ
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ǯǤ ǡ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ PolicyRecommendations ǡ ǣ x Ǧ ǯǢ x ǡ Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x Ǣ x Ǣ x Ǧ Ǣ x ǯ Ǣ x Ǧ Ǥ ANNEX2:SOURCES Ǧ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡǡʹͲͲ Ǧ Ǧ Ǧ ʹͲͳʹ ʹͲͳ͵ǡ ǡ ʹǡʹͲͳʹ
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Ǧǯ ȋ ʹͲͳȌ Ǧ ǡ ǡ ǡʹͳͻͻͲǡǤǤ Ǥ Ȁ ǤͳͶͶȀʹͺȀǤͳͳͳͺȋͳͻͻͲȌ Ǧ ǡ ǡ ǤʹͲǡʹͲͳͶȋʹͲͳʹȌ Ǧ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ʹͲͳͶ Ǧ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ȋͻ͵ȌͳǤ ǡ ͺǡͳͻͻ͵ Ǧ ǡ ǡ ǤȋͺͳȌǤ ǡͳͶͳͻͺͳ Ǧ ǡǡͺȋͺȌǡ ͳͻͺ Ǧ ǡͳͺǤǤǤȚ͵ͲͲ Ǧ ǡ ǣȀȀǤ Ǥ ǤȀ Ǧ Ǧ Ǧȋ ʹǡʹͲͳȌ Ǧ ǡ ǣȀȀǤǤȋ ʹǡʹͲͳȌ Ǧ ȋ ǡ ǡ ȌǡǣȀȀǤǤȋ ʹǡʹͲͳȌ Ǧ ǡǣȀȀǤǤȋ ʹǡ ʹͲͳȌ Ǧ ǡǣȀȀǤǤȋ ʹǡʹͲͳȌ Ǧ ǣȀȀǤǤȋ ʹǡʹͲͳȌ Ǧ ǡ ǡ Ȁ ȋ ȌǡʹͲͲͻ Ǧ ǡ Ȃ ǡǡ ʹͲͳͶ Ǧ ǡ ǣȀȀǤ Ǥ ǤȀ Ȁ̴ Ǥȋ ʹʹǡʹͲͳȌ Ǧ ǡ ͲͳǤͲͻǤʹͲͳ͵͵ͲǤͲǤʹͲͳͶǡǡ ʹͲͳͶ Ǧ ǡʹͺʹͲͳͳ Ǧ ǡͳͻͻͲ Ǥ ͲʹȀʹͲͳͶ ǡ ͷʹͲͳͶ Ǧ ǡ ǡ Ǥͳǡ ǡ ǡʹͲͲ Ǧ ͳʹͺͶȀ͵ ʹͳʹ ǡͳǡʹͲͲͷ Ǧ ǡ Ǧ ǡ
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ǣȀȀǤǦǤȀȀ ȀǦ ǦǦ ǦǦ ǦǦ̴͵ʹͻͳͷͶǤ Ǧ ǡ ͶǦͺǡǡ ʹͶǡʹͲͳͲ Ǧ ǡȋ ʹͲͳͶȌ Ǧ ǤȋʹͲͲͲȌʹͳ ǡ ʹͷ ʹͲͲͲʹǯ Ǧǡ ȋȌǡʹͲͳʹ Ǧ ȋ ͳͶȌǡ ǣȀȀǤ ǤȀȀȀȀ Ǥ Ǧ ǡʹͺǡͳͻͻͺ Ǧ Ǧ Ǧ Ǧ ǡ Ȃ͵ǡ ǤʹͲͳͲȀʹͷ͵ͺǡ ǡǣ Ȁ ǡ ʹͲͳʹ Ǧ ǡ Ǧ ǡ ǡʹͲͳͷ Ǧ ǡʹ ͳͻͻͲǡ ǤǤ Ǥ Ȁ ǤͳͶͶȀʹͺȀǤͳͳͳͺȋͳͻͻͲȌ Ǧ ǡ ǡǣȀȀǤ ǤȀǦ Ȁ Ǧ Ȁ Ǧ Ǧ Ǧ Ǧȋ ʹǡ ʹͲͳȌ
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