Il Patrimonio Geologico Dell'area Al Contorno Del Lago Di Bolsena E Dell

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Il Patrimonio Geologico Dell'area Al Contorno Del Lago Di Bolsena E Dell Mem. Descr. Carta Geol. d’It. LXXVII (2008), pp. 213 - 252 figg. 5 Il Patrimonio Geologico dell’area al contorno del Lago di Bolsena e dell’alto corso del Fiume Marta, i Geositi e lo Sviluppo Sostenibile. Una proposta metodologica transdisciplinare Geological heritage of the area on surroundings of Bolsena Lake and of upper water-course of Marta River, Geosites and Sustainable Development. A multiscientific methodological proposal CIANCHI M.E. (*), NAPPI G. (**), PACCHIAROTTI G. (*), PISCOPO V. (*), SIBI P. (*), VALLETTA M. (*) RIASSUNTO - Viene presentato un nuovo approccio alla dif- sdisciplinare, ovvero un approccio a molteplici livelli, indi- fusione del Patrimonio Geologico della fascia perifluviale cati da una struttura a rete predefinita per raggiungere un del Fiume Marta, emissario del Lago di Bolsena (Lazio). obiettivo comune, coinvolgendo discipline diverse ma con- L’area comprende zone ZPS e SIC, mostrando aspetti di dividendo l’intero processo di studio-ricerca-indagine sul notevole naturalità e valenza ambientale. tema/oggetto prescelto, che nel caso specifico ha riguarda- L’analisi ha compreso innanzitutto l’esame degli aspetti to il progetto e la realizzazione di una Guida e di un geologici, geomorfologici e idrogeologici del territorio sulla Quaderno Didattico. base sia della letteratura recente che di osservazioni di cam- La Guida, destinata a fruitori adulti, è stata progettata e pagna. Da questa prima parte dello studio sono risultati realizzata con l’intento di fornire un supporto informativo motivi di interesse di ordine stratigrafico-vulcanologico, che svolgesse il ruolo sia di strumento di lettura, corretta ed circa la dinamica morfoevolutiva del territorio e circa le rela- integrata, delle emergenze geologiche, geomorfologiche ed zioni acque superficiali - acque sotterranee. Questa fase idrogeologiche del territorio, che di supporto e, soprattutto, dello studio ha permesso l’individuazione di testimoni di stimolo nella comprensione dei principali “indizi” che ne esemplari dei processi che hanno governato e governano facciano comprendere la storia e la dinamica evolutiva. localmente la storia della Terra, ovvero dei Geositi. Quelli Il Quaderno Didattico, destinato a fruitori in età scola- scelti tra quanti hanno palesato maggiore interesse sembra- re, è stato costruito intorno ad un itinerario ricco di emer- no essere un'occasione per far conoscere a quanti, di qual- genze a carattere geomorfologico, vulcanologico e idrogeo- siasi fascia di età ed estrazione culturale, non abbiano dime- logico, privilegiando gli aspetti didattico-divulgativi. Lo stichezza con le Scienze della Terra, gli infiniti aspetti della strumento ipotizzato è stato concepito come esempio-tipo geologia, tenendo conto anche del contesto ambientale di una collana destinata ad abbracciare tutti i percorsi che è generale dell’area. possibile tracciare attraverso i geositi maggiormente rappre- La fase successiva è stata quella di tracciare, sulla base sentativi dell’alta valle del Fiume Marta. La struttura, i mate- dello studio dei geositi, itinerari di interesse geologico alcu- riali e l’architettura generale del Quaderno sono stati oppor- ni dei quali, adeguatamente supportati da strumenti didatti- tunamente disegnati al fine di renderne agevoli consultazio- co-divulgativi, potessero offrire un’esperienza formativa a ne e fruizione. fruitori in età scolare e ad un pubblico adulto eterogeneo, nonché occasioni di valorizzazione del territorio attraverso PAROLE CHIAVE: Patrimonio Geologico, Geositi, Lago di attività sostenibili. L’approccio adottato è stato quello tran- Bolsena, Fiume Marta, Proposta metodologica. (*) Dipartimento di Ecologia e Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile dell’Università della Tuscia. Via S. Giovanni Decollato, 1 - 01100 Viterbo (**) Istituto di Scienze della Terra dell’Università Carlo Bo. Campus Scientifico - Loc. Crocicchia - 61029 Urbino 214 CIANCHI M.E. - NAPPI G. - PACCHIAROTTI G. - PISCOPO V. - SIBI P. - VALLETTA M. ABSTRACT - A new approach to the spread of the infaticabile e lunghissima operosità come geologo Geological Heritage has been proposed for the upper basin di Stato, ricercatore e docente e, probabilmente, of the River Marta, outlet of the Lake Bolsena. The area belongs to the Latium Volcanic Region (Pleistocene Vulsini anche la proposta di considerare la geologia come District) and includes ZPS and SIC zones showing many risorsa e come motore per attività che rispettano natural beauties and environmental values. un processo di sviluppo sostenibile, Lo avrebbe The analysis included first of all the examination of the affascinato. geological, morphological and hydrogeological features La “proposta metodologica transdisciplinare”, based on the recent literature and appropriate survey. The results of this first step highlighted several interesting sites oggetto del presente lavoro, nasce dall’intento di for the volcanic stratigraphy, morphological dynamics of affiancare il rigore scientifico della ricerca geolo- the region, and interactions between ground-surface waters. gica all’obiettivo di rendere comprensibile e com- Some of these sites have been selected and proposed as pletamente fruibile da parte di un pubblico etero- Geosites because of their opportunity to popularize the geneo, per età e per cultura, i tratti essenziali, nel geological evidences of the area considering the environ- mental frame. tempo e nello spazio, degli aspetti evolutivi e del- Geological routes through the Geosites have been sub- l’assetto geologico (nel senso più ampio) dei sequently mapped. Didactic and educational tools designed Monti Vulsini e delle aree adiacenti. for schools and grown-up people have been planned to sup- Lo sviluppo di tale approccio ha preso avvio port some geological routes. Through a cross-curricular dalla ricerca di siti che fossero caratterizzati da approach it has been proposed a Guide and a Educational Book considering the environmental and scientific values of the rappresentatività e singolarità, se non da rarità ed area and involving several branches of learning in the pro- unicità, dei fenomeni e dei processi geologici cess of study-research-testing of the chosen geological routes. locali. Ciò ha consentito non solo di individuare The Guide is designed for the grown-up people of nuovi Geositi, che sostanziano il significato di audiences. It has two main aims: i) to supply the audiences quel termine, ma anche di interpretare in maniera with information about the geological, morphological and hydrogeological evidences of the area; ii) to stimulate to più ampia, chiara ed accessibile, alcuni Geositi understanding of the main signs of the history and deve- noti da tempo, quali la Civita di Bagnoregio, le lopment of the Earth. “pietre lanciate” e le sorgenti di Castello Broco, The Educational Book is designed for the school-chil- per citare solo qualche esempio. dren around a route rich in educational examples concer- La prospettiva di inquadrare i geositi nell’otti- ning morphology, volcanology and hydrogeology. The Educational Book was worded as prototype of a series of ca della divulgazione e della conseguente valoriz- books devoted to several model routes through the zazione culturale-economica, ha poi orientato la Geosites of the River Marta Valley. The contents, materials progettazione condivisa di due strumenti di frui- and structure of the Educational Book were purposely zione: un Quaderno di ricerca destinato a ragazzi thought to make easy the reading and enjoyment. in età scolare e una Guida ideata per fruitori adul- ti. Per la realizzazione di questi due esempi didat- KEY WORDS: Geological Heritage, Geosite, Lake Bolsena, River Marta, Educational Route. tico - divulgativi è stata privilegiata l’area dell’alto bacino del Fiume Marta, caratterizzata dalla pre- valenza di depositi vulcanici e dalla presenza, 1. - INTRODUZIONE significativa, di quelli sedimentari, oltre che da peculiarità di rilevanza idrogeologica. L’azione La disponibilità di strumenti e di condizioni specifica è stata quella di tracciare alcuni itinerari che favoriscano lettura ed interpretazione degli fisici all’interno della zona prescelta che consen- aspetti geologici del territorio da parte del vasto tissero al “normale” visitatore di cogliere ed inter- pubblico può contribuire, in maniera significativa, pretare le tracce più significative della storia geo- a promuovere lo sviluppo del turismo culturale a logica locale. vocazione ambientale. È questa l’idea fondante condivisa dagli autori del presente lavoro, sostan- zialmente incentrato su un approccio di ricerca 2. - LINEAMENTI MORFOLOGICI trandisciplinare che tenta di integrare, in prospet- tiva applicativa, i contributi e le competenze di Caratteristiche ed assetto morfologici dell’area molteplici ambiti scientifici. di indagine, che coincide prevalentemente con Ed è per queste peculiarità che il lavoro forni- l’alto bacino del Fiume Marta nel Lazio settentrio- sce anche l’occasione più opportuna per ricorda- nale (sino alla sezione di Centrale Traponzo) e re ALFREDO JACOBACCI. La sua totale apertura con il suo intorno significativo (fig. 1), sono stati mentale verso tutti i “modi possibili” di far cono- fortemente condizionati sia dalla natura delle scere la Geologia e di esaltarne ruolo ed impor- rocce affioranti che dai processi esogeni ed endo- tanza nella società civile, è stato uno degli aspetti geni, che si sono succeduti ed avvicendati negli che maggiormente hanno caratterizzato la Sua ultimi milioni di anni. IL PATRIMONIO GEOLOGICO, I GEOSITI E
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