Draft July 2015

SEA Environmental Report Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

South Dublin County Council i Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Table of Contents

Section 1 SEA Introduction and Background

1.1 Introduction and terms of reference 1 1.2 SEA Definition 1 1.3 Legislative Context 1 1.4 Implications for the Council and the Elected Members 2

Section 2 SEA Methodology

2.1 Introduction 3 2.2 Appropriate Assessment 4 2.3 Strategic Flood Risk Assessment 5 2.4 Scoping 6 2.5 Environmental Baseline Data 6 2.6 Strategic Environmental Objectives 6 2.7 Alternatives 6 2.8 The SEA Environmental Report 7 2.9 The SEA Statement 7 2.10 Legislative Conformance 7 2.11 Difficulties Encountered 9 2.12 Planning Authority Team 9

Section 3 South Dublin’s Baseline Environment

3.1 Introduction 9

3.2 Population 9 3.2.1 Introduction 9 3.2.2 Housing Strategy 9 3.2.3 Population 9 3.2.4 Household Size 12 3.2.5 Population and Housing Forecasts 12 3.2.6 Population Issues: Existing Problems / Environmental Considerations 12 3.2.7 Population and Human Health 12 3.2.8 Water 13 3.2.9 Soil 13 3.2.10 Air 13 3.2.11 Human Health Issues: Existing Problems / Environmental Considerations 13 3.2.12 Evolution of Population and Human Health in the Absence of a County Development Plan 14

3.3 Biodiversity 3.3.1 Introduction 14 3.3.2 Designations 14 3.3.2.1 Special Areas of Conservations 15 3.3.2.2 Special Protection Areas 16 3.3.2.3 Natural Heritage Areas 16 3.3.2.4 Special Area Amenity Order 18 3.3.3 Aquatic Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna 19

South Dublin County Council ii Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

3.3.4 Primary Ecological Corridors 19 3.3.5 CORINE Land Cover Mapping 20 3.3.6 Tree Preservation Orders and Woodland Planting 20 3.3.7 Biodiversity: Existing Problems / Environmental Considerations 21 3.3.8 Evolution of Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna in the Absence of a County Development Plan 22

3.4 Landscapes/Soil 3.4.1 Landscape 21 3.4.1.1 Landscape Protection 25 3.4.2 Landscape Issues: Existing Problems / Environmental Considerations 25 3.4.3 Evolution of Landscape in the Absence of a County Development Plan 25 3.4.4 Soil and Geology 25 3.4.5 Geothermal Energy 25 3.4.6 County Geological Sites 26 3.4.7 Soils 26 3.4.7.1 Contaminated Soils 29 3.4.7.2 Extractive Industries 29 3.4.8 Soil Geology Issues: Existing Problems / Environmental Conditions 29 3.4.9 Evolution of Geology/Soils in the Absence of a County Development Plan 32

3.5 Agriculture and Forestry 3.5.1 Agriculture 32 3.5.2 Forestry 32 3.5.3 Agriculture and Forestry Issues: Existing Problems / Environmental 34 Considerations 3.5.4 Evolution of Agriculture and Forestry in the Absence of a County Development Plan 34

3.6 Waste Management 3.6.1 Introduction 34 3.6.2 Out of County Waste Management 35 3.6.3 Waste Management Issues: Existing Problems / Environmental Considerations 35 3.6.4 Evolution of Waste Management in the Absence of a County Development Plan 35

3.7 Water Quality 3.7.1 Introduction 35 3.7.2 Pressures on Water Quality from Human Activity 35 3.7.3 The Water Framework Directive (WFD) 36 3.7.3.1 River Basin Districts and Water Bodies 36 3.7.3.2 WFD Registers of Protected Areas 36 3.7.3.3 River Basin Management Plan 37 3.7.4 Rivers 37 3.7.5 Groundwater Productivity and Vulnerability 39 3.7.5.1 Aquifer Vulnerability 39 3.7.5.2 Risk Assessment 39 3.7.6 Transitional Waters 39 3.7.7 Flooding 41 3.7.7.1 OPW National Flood Hazard Mapping 41 3.7.8 Water Quality Issues: Existing Problems / Environmental Considerations 41 3.7.9 Evolution of Water in the absence of a County Development Plan 43

South Dublin County Council iii Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

3.8 Air Quality and Noise Pollution 3.8.1 Ambient Air Quality 43 3.8.2 Point Sources for Emissions in Air 43 3.8.3 Climatic Factors 46 3.8.4 Noise Pollution and Noise Mapping 47 3.8.5 Air Quality and Noise Pollution Issues 48 3.8.6 Evolution of Air Quality and Noise Pollution in the Absence of a County Development Plan 48

3.9 Cultural and Material Assets 3.9.1 Waste Water 49 3.9.1.1 Greater Dublin Strategic Drainage Study (GDSDS) 49 3.9.2 Water Services 51 3.9.2.1 Irish Water 51 3.9.2.2 Drinking Water- Existing and Future Water Supply 51 3.9.2.3 Monitoring 51 3.9.2.4 Compliance 51 3.9.3 Transport Infrastructure 52 3.9.3.1 Public Transport 52 3.9.3.2 Aerodromes 53 3.9.3.3 Major Roads 53 3.9.3.4 Cycle Route Network 53 3.9.4 Material Assets Issues. Existing Problems / Environmental Considerations 54 3.9.5 Evolution of Material Assets in the Absence of a County Development Plan 54 3.9.6 Cultural Assets 54 3.9.6.1 Architectural Heritage 55 3.9.6.2 Archaeological Heritage 58 3.9.7 Cultural Assets Issues 59 3.9.8 Evolution of Cultural Heritage in the Absence of a County Development Plan 59

3.10 Climate Change and Sustainability 3.10.1 Introduction 59 3.10.2 Existing Problems 61 3.10.3 Potential Solutions 62 3.10.4 Evolution of Climate Change in the absence of a County Development Plan 62

3.11 Overlay Mapping of Environmental Sensitivities 3.11.1 Introduction 72 3.11.2 Methodology 72 3.11.3 Use of the Overlay Mapping 72 3.11.4 Quantification of Sensitivities 72 3.11.5 Limitations 73 3.11.6 Conclusions 73

Section 4 Strategic Environmental Objectives

4.1 Introduction 76 4.2 Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna 76 4.3 Population and Human Health 78 4.4 Soil 78 4.5 Water, Air and Climatic Factors 79 4.6 Material Assets 84

South Dublin County Council iv Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

4.7 Cultural Heritage 86 4.8 Landscape 87

Section 5 Context for a Development Plan for South Dublin County Council

5.1 Introduction 90 5.2 Structure and Content 90 5.3 Vision and Goals 91 5.4 Alternatives 91 5.5 Interactions with Relevant Planning Policy 92 5.6 Environmental Protection Objectives 96

Section 6 Description of Alternative Plan Scenarios

6.1 Introduction 97 6.2 Excluding the do-nothing scenario 97 6.3 Identification and Description of Alternative Scenarios 97 6.4 Alternative Scenarios 99

Section 7 Evaluation of Alternative Plan Scenarios

7.1 Introduction 101 7.2 Methodology 101 7.3 Evaluation of Alternatives against SEO’s 103 7.4 Summary of Evaluation: the Alternative Scenario for the Plan 106

Section 8 Mitigation Measures

8.1 Introduction 107 8.2 Mitigation Measures: Integration of SEA, AA and SFRA provisions in the Plan 107

Section 9 Monitoring Measures

9.1 Introduction 114 9.2 Indicators and Targets 114 9.3 Sources 114 9.4 Excluded Indicators and Targets 114 9.5 Reporting 114 9.6 Responsibility 114 9.7 Thresholds 115

Appendix I Detailed Assessment of Plan Policies

Appendix II Non-Technical Summary

South Dublin County Council v Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

List of Abbreviations

CDP County Development Plan CSO Central Statistics Office DEHLG Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government

DECLG Department of the Environment, Community and Local Government EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EPA Environmental Protection Agency

EU European Union GSI Geological Survey of Ireland

NHA Natural Heritage Area NIAH National Inventory of Architectural Heritage

NSS National Spatial Strategy RBD River Basin District RMP Record of Monuments and Places RPS Record of Protected Structures

SAC Special Area of Conservation SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment SEO Strategic Environmental Objective

SI No. Statutory Instrument Number

SPA Special Protection Area WFD Water Framework Directive

South Dublin County Council vi Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Glossary

Biodiversity and Flora and Fauna Biodiversity is the variability among living organisms from all sources including inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are a part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems’ (United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity 1992).

Flora is all of the plants found in a given area.

Fauna is all of the animals found in a given area.

Biotic Index Values (Q Values) The Biotic Index Values, or Q values, are assigned to rivers in accordance with biological monitoring of surface waters - low Q ratings, as low as Q1, are indicative of low biodiversity and polluted waters, and high Q ratings, as high as Q5, are indicative of high biodiversity and unpolluted waters. Good status as defined by the Water Framework Directive equates to approximately Q4 in the national scheme of biological classification of rivers as set out by the Environmental Protection Agency.

Environmental Problems Annex I of Directive 2001/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of Ministers, of 27 June 2001, on the assessment of the effects of certain plans and programmes on the environment (the Strategic Environmental Assessment Directive) requires that information is provided on ‘any existing environmental problems which are relevant to the plan or programme’, thus, helping to ensure that the proposed strategic action does not make existing environmental problems worse.

Environmental problems arise where there is a conflict between current environmental conditions and ideal targets. If environmental problems are identified at the offset they can help focus attention on important issues and geographical areas where environmental effects of the plan or programme may be likely.

Environmental Vectors Environmental vectors are environmental components, such as air, water or soil, through which contaminants or pollutants, which have the potential to cause harm, can be transported so that they come into contact with human beings.

Mitigate To make or become less severe or harsh

Mitigation Measures Mitigation measures are measures envisaged to prevent, reduce and, as fully as possible, offset any significant adverse impacts on the environment of implementing a human action, be it a plan, programme or project. Mitigation involves ameliorating significant negative effects. Where there are significant negative effects, consideration should be given in the first instance to preventing such effects

South Dublin County Council vii Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

or, where this is not possible, to lessening or offsetting those effects. Mitigation measures can be roughly divided into those that: avoid effects; reduce the magnitude or extent, probability and/or severity of effects; repair effects after they have occurred; and compensate for effects, balancing out negative impacts with other positive ones.

Protected Structure Protected Structure is the term used in the Planning and Development Act 2000 to define a structure included by a planning authority in its Record of Protected Structures. Such a structure shall not be altered or demolished in whole or part without obtaining planning permission or confirmation from the planning authority that the part of the structure to be altered is not protected.

Recorded Monument A monument included in the list and marked on the map which comprises the Record of Monuments and Places that is set out County by County under Section 12 of the National Monuments (Amendment) Act, 1994 by the Archaeological Survey of Ireland. The definition includes Zones of Archaeological Potential in towns and all other monuments of archaeological interest which have so far been identified. Any works at or in relation to a recorded monument requires two months’ notice to the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government under section 12 of the National Monuments (Amendment) Act, 1994.

Scoping Scoping is the process of determining what issues are to be addressed, and setting out a methodology in which to address them in a structured manner appropriate to the plan or programme. Scoping is carried out in consultation with the appropriate bodies.

Strategic Actions Strategic actions include: Policies, which may be considered as inspiration and guidance for action and which set the framework for plans and programmes; Plans, sets of co-ordinated and timed objectives for the implementation of the policy; and Programmes, sets of projects in a particular area.

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is the formal, systematic evaluation of the likely significant environmental effects of implementing a plan or programme before a decision is made to adopt it.

Strategic Environmental Objective (SEO) Strategic Environmental Objectives (SEOs) are methodological measures which are developed from international, national and regional policies which generally govern environmental protection objectives and against which the environmental effects of the Plan can be tested. The SEOs are used as standards against which the provisions of the Plan can be evaluated in order to help identify areas in which significant adverse impacts are likely to occur, if unmitigated against.

South Dublin County Council viii Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

South Dublin County Council ix Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Section 1 SEA Introduction and Background

Assessment, or EIA, is generally used for 1.1 Introduction and Terms describing the process of environmental of Reference assessment which is limited to individual projects such as waste incinerators, housing developments or roads whereas Strategic This is the Environmental Report prepared as part Environmental Assessment, or SEA, is the term of the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) which has been given to the environmental of the new South Dublin County Council assessment of plans, and other strategic actions. Development Plan 2016-2022. SEA is a systematic process of predicting and The aim of the Environmental Report is to evaluating the likely environmental effects of identify: implementing a proposed plan, or other strategic action, in order to insure that these effects are 1. The existing environmental issues in the South appropriately addressed at the earliest Dublin County area; appropriate stage of decision-making on a par 2. The likely significant effects on the with economic and social considerations. environment when the new Development Plan is implemented; The kind of development that occurs in South 3. How the impact on the environment can be Dublin County and where it occurs will be reduced or prevented; and significantly determined by the implementation 4. How to monitor environmental impacts over of a Development Plan. By anticipating the effects the lifetime of the Development Plan. and avoiding areas in which growth cannot be sustainably accommodated and by directing The Environmental Report has guided the development towards more compatible and preparation of objectives, policies and robust receiving environments, real development alternatives for the Development improvements in environmental management Plan with the aim of achieving sustainable and planning can occur in South Dublin County - development in the County without causing the scope of lower tier SEAs which may be adverse harm to the environment. required are likely to be reduced; the scope of any EIAs which may be required as part of any The SEA has been carried out in order to comply planning applications are also likely to be with the provisions of the European SEA Directive reduced; and, planning applications are more and national SEA Regulations and in order to likely to be granted permission. provide a clear understanding of the likely environmental consequences of decisions 1.3 Legislative Context regarding the future accommodation of growth in South Dublin County Council. This report The requirement to carry out a Strategic should be read in conjunction with the South Environmental Assessment stems from the Dublin County Council Development Plan. Strategic Environmental Assessment Directive

(2001/42/EC) which states:

1.2 SEA Definition ‘The objective of this Directive is to provide for a high level of protection of the environment and to Environmental assessment is a procedure that contribute to the integration of environmental ensures that the environmental implications of considerations into the preparation and adoption decisions are taken into account before the of plans……with a view to promoting sustainable decisions are made. Environmental Impact development…..’

South Dublin County Council 1 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

When the Plan was adopted an SEA Statement The Directive was introduced into Irish Law in was prepared which summarises, inter alia, how 2004, through the European Communities environmental considerations have been (Environmental Assessment of Certain Plans & integrated into the Plan; and, the reasons for Programmes) Regulations 2004, S.I. No. 435 of choosing the Plan as adopted over other 2004, (as amended by S.I 200 of 2011) and the alternatives detailed in the Environmental Report. Planning and Development (Strategic Environmental Assessment) Regulations 2004, S.I. No. 436 of 2004, (as amended by SI No. 201/2011).

In 2004, the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government also released Guidelines for Planning Authorities on the implementation of the SEA Directive1.

1.4 Implications for the Council and the Elected Members

The above legislation requires certain plans and programmes which are prepared by South Dublin County Council - including the Development Plan - to undergo SEA.

The Environmental Report is an assessment of the existing environment within the County, and the impacts of the proposed development policies of the Plan on the existing environment. The Environmental Report is a parallel but separate process to that of producing the Development Plan.

The findings of the SEA are expressed in this Environmental Report, an earlier version of which accompanied the Draft Plan on public display and was altered in order to take account of recommendations contained in submissions and in order to take account of any changes which were made to the Draft Plan on foot of submissions. The Elected Members of the Planning Authority took into account the findings of this Report and other related SEA output during their consideration of the Plan and before its adoption.

1 Implementation of SEA Directive (2001/42/EC) Assessment Environment. Guidelines for Regional and Planning of the Effects of Certain Plans and Programmes on the Authorities. November 2004.

South Dublin County Council 2 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Section 2 SEA Methodology

2.1 Introduction ongoing basis from the outset in order to allow for their integration into the Plan thus minimising This section details how the SEA has been the potential for significant negative undertaken alongside the preparation of the Plan. environmental effects arising from The findings of the SEA, AA and SFRA were implementation of the plan. The methodology for communicated to the Plan making team in on an the SEA is outlined in the table below.

Figure 2.1 Summary of County Development Plan and SEA Process

South Dublin County Council 3 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

become focused upon the important issues, such as those relating to existing and potential 2.2 Appropriate Assessment environmental issues and environmental problems2, thereby avoiding resources being Appropriate Assessment (AA) Screening has been wasted on unnecessary data collection. undertaken alongside the Plan. The requirement for AA is provided under the EU Habitats Directive Scoping facilitated the selection of issues relevant (Directive 1992/43/EEC). to the environmental components which are specified under the SEA Directive - biodiversity, The AA Screening concluded that the Plan will not fauna, flora, population, human health, soil, water, affect the integrity of the Natura 2000 network. air, climatic factors, material assets, cultural The preparation of the Plan, SEA and AA has heritage including architectural and taken place concurrently and the findings of the archaeological heritage, and landscape. AA have informed both the Plan and the SEA. Various policies and objectives have been In September 2014, a Strategic Issues Paper was integrated into the Plan through the AA process. issued by the Council in order to stimulate public consultation on the review and the preparation of 2.3 Strategic Flood Risk the new County Development Plan. It included information on the process of Strategic Assessment Environmental Assessment.

A Strategic Flood Risk Assessment (SFRA) has An SEA Scoping Issues Paper was issued to the been undertaken alongside the Plan. The designated Environmental Authorities in February requirement for SFRA is provided under ‘The 2015 in order Planning System and Flood Risk Management Guidelines for Planning Authorities’ (DECLG,  to identify the significant environmental 2009). issues to be taken into consideration in the making of the new Plan The preparation of the Plan, SEA and SFRA has  to form a basis for consultation with the taken place concurrently and the findings of the statutory bodies SFRA have informed both the Plan and the SEA. o Environmental Protection All recommendations made by the SFRA and SEA Agency (EPA); in relation to flood risk management have been o Department of Arts, Heritage integrated into the Plan. and the Gaeltacht; o Department of Environment, 2.4 Scoping Community and Local Government (DECLG); o In consultation with the relevant authorities, the Department of scope of environmental issues to be dealt with by Communications, Energy and the SEA together with the level of detail to which Natural Resources (DCENR). they are to be addressed was broadly decided on  to identify and consult on the after preliminary data collection. Scoping of the environmental objectives, which will be SEA was continuous with certain issues being used to ensure the integration of the selected for further examination after preliminary environment into the preparation of the data was obtained. Scoping helped the SEA to County Development Plan and which will

2 Annex I of the SEA Directive requires that information is where there is a conflict between current environmental provided on ‘any existing environmental problems which are conditions and ideal targets. If environmental problems are relevant to the plan or programme’, thus, helping to ensure identified at the offset they can help focus attention on that the proposed strategic action does not make existing important issues and geographical areas where environmental environmental problems worse. Environmental problems arise effects of the plan or programme may be likely.

South Dublin County Council 4 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

also be used to identify the likely  Compliance with the Water Framework significant effects on the environment; Directive, the groundwater bodies and  to identify the baseline information and surface water bodies and catchments which data gaps. are most at risk are those under the most  to identify reasonable alternative pressure as a result of development. The strategies of achieving the strategic goals need to implement the recommendations of of the Plan. the Eastern River Basin Management Plan

The SEA Scoping Issues Paper sets out a  The protection of the High Amenity Areas description of the County, relevant plans and and views particularly in the sensitive upland programmes to be considered during the areas where housing development is preparation of the new Development Plan and occurring Environmental Report and a baseline of environmental data in the County (grouped  The prevention of flooding under the environmental themes/receptors – biodiversity, flora and fauna, population and The findings of the SEA Scoping Report were human health, soil and landscape, water, air, communicated to the plan making team on an climate, material assets and cultural heritage ongoing basis from the outset in order to allow including architectural and archaeological). for their integration into the Development Plan thus minimising the potential for significant The Planning Authority formally consulted the negative environmental effects arising from designated Environmental Authorities during the implementation of the Plan. ‘Scoping’ exercise and during the preparation of the Environmental Report. Submissions were received from 2.5 Environmental Baseline Data o Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); o Department of Arts, Heritage and the The SEA Directive requires that information on Gaeltacht the baseline environment be focused upon the o Department of Communications, Energy relevant aspects of the environmental and Natural Resources (DCENR). characteristics of areas likely to be significantly affected and the likely evolution of the current The submissions received were included in the environment in the absence of the strategic Scoping Report and the environmental baseline action. Data was collected to describe the data was updated. environmental baseline in the South Dublin County area from currently available relevant The most important strategic environmental environmental sources. Information is also issues in South Dublin County were identified as provided on existing environmental problems follows: which are relevant to the County. The likely evolution of the current environment in the  The encroachment of urban development, absence of the Development Plan is also the loss of Biodiversity and the need to described. comply with the Habitats Directive.

 The need to increase population in more established districts of the County where 2.6 Strategic Environmental there is both good public transport and Objectives community infrastructure and the need to reduce private car based movements The review of the existing County Development resulting in reduced emissions Plan and the making of the new Plan is considered within the context of a hierarchy of

South Dublin County Council 5 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016 policies, plans and strategies which include three Council meetings and agreed amendments international, EU, national, regional and local were included in the Draft Plan for public display. levels. These policies, plans, strategies and guidelines are critical in the derivation of It should be noted that the SEA Directive aims to Environmental Objectives for the South Dublin avoid duplication of the assessment whereby a area. strategic action forms part of a hierarchy - if certain matters are more appropriately assessed at different levels of the hierarchy in which the 2.7 Alternatives County Development Plan is positioned, or, if certain matters have already been assessed by a The SEA Directive requires that reasonable different level of the hierarchy then additional alternatives (taking into account the objectives assessment is not needed. and the geographical scope of the plan or programme) are identified, described and evaluated for their likely significant effects on the 2.9 The SEA Statement environment. In accordance with the requirement, three alternative scenarios for the When the Development Plan is adopted the final Plan are examined in Section 6. stage of the SEA process is undertaken i.e. the SEA statement. This document is published and sent to the Environmental Authorities. It is required to include information on: how 2.8 The SEA Environmental environmental considerations have been Report integrated into the South Dublin County Development Plan - highlighting the main In this Environmental Report, an earlier version of changes to the Plan which resulted from the SEA which was placed on public display alongside the process; how the Environmental Report and Draft Development Plan, the likely environmental consultations have been taken into account - effects of the Draft Plan and the alternatives are summarising the key issues raised in predicted and their significance evaluated with consultations and in the Environmental Report regard to the environmental baseline. The indicating what action, if any, was taken in Environmental Report provides the decision- response; and the reasons for choosing the Plan makers, the Elected Members, who decide in the light of the other alternatives, identifying whether or not to adopt the Draft Plan, as well as the other alternatives considered, commenting the public, with a clear understanding of the likely on their potential effects and explaining why the environmental consequences of decisions Plan was selected. regarding the future accommodation of growth in South Dublin County. Mitigation measures to The SEA Statement must include information on prevent or reduce significant adverse effects how environmental considerations have been posed by the Plan, or to maximise any benefits integrated throughout the process. It must also arising, are proposed. The alternatives are also describe how the preferred alternative was presented in this report, as are measures chosen to introduce accountability, credibility concerning monitoring. and transparency into the strategic decision- making process. An initial draft of the Environmental Report was presented with the Draft County Development Plan to the Elected Members for their 2.10 Legislative Conformance consideration in May 2015. Motions were put This report complies with the provisions of the forward by the Elected Members for inclusion in SEA Regulations and is written in accordance with the Draft Plan; all of these motions had been Schedule 2B of the Planning and Development assessed against the Strategic Environmental (Strategic Environmental Assessment) Objectives. These motions were discussed at

South Dublin County Council 6 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Regulations 2004 (SI No. 436 of 2004), (as amended by SI No. 201/2011).

Table 2.2 (overleaf) is a reproduction of the checklist of information to be contained in the Environmental Report (DEHLG, 2004)3 and includes the relevant sections of this report which deal with these requirements.

3 DEHLG (2004) Implementation of SEA Directive (2001/42/EC): Guidelines for Regional Authorities and Planning Authorities Dublin: Government of Ireland.

South Dublin County Council 7 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Information Required to be included in the Environmental Report Corresponding Section of this Report (A) Outline of the contents and main objectives of the Plan, and of its Sections 4 and 5 relationship with other relevant plans and programmes (B) Description of relevant aspects of the current state of the environment Section 3 and the evolution of that environment without implementation of the Plan (C) Description of the environmental characteristics of areas likely to be Sections 3, 4, 7 and 8 significantly affected (D) Identification of any existing environmental problems which are relevant Section 3 to the Plan, particularly those relating to European protected sites (E) List environmental protection objectives, established at international, EU Sections 4, 6, 7 and 9 or national level, which are relevant to the Plan and describe how those objectives and any environmental considerations have been taken into account when preparing the Plan (F) Describe the likely significant effects on the environment Section 7 and 8 and Appendix 1 (G) Describe any measures envisaged to prevent, reduce and as fully as Section 9 possible offset any significant adverse environmental effects of implementing the Plan (H) Give an outline of the reasons for selecting the alternatives considered, Sections 2, 6 and 7 and a description of how the assessment was undertaken (including any difficulties) (I) A description of proposed monitoring measures Section 10 (J) A non-technical summary of the above information Appendix II (K) Interrelationships between each Environmental topic Addressed as it arises within each Section

Table 2.2 Checklist of Information included in this Environmental Report

South Dublin County Council 8 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

2.11 Difficulties Encountered A Biodiversity Plan is at present being undertaken for South Dublin County and will be finalised by The lack of a centralised data source that could late 2015. It is expected that most of the make all environmental baseline data for the information gaps caused by the absence of a County both readily available and in a consistent Biodiversity Plan to date, will be addressed in the format posed a challenge to the SEA process. This course of the new Development Plan as the new difficulty is one which has been encountered Biodiversity Plan and the proposed new Green while undertaking SEAs at Local Authorities Infrastructure Strategy are implemented. across the country and was overcome by investing time in the collection of data from various sources and through the use of Geographical Information Systems. In addition 2.12 Planning Authority Team the fact that the CFRAM maps have not yet been finalised for the Eastern District posed a A Multi-disciplinary SEA team comprising challenge. members from various sections of South Dublin County Council has been established in order to In 2011, a desk-top Habitat Mapping exercise was examine the significant environmental impacts undertaken to Level 2 Fossit Code. While selected which may result from the implementation of the areas of the county, most particularly the Dodder new County Development Plan. At the core of the River, have been surveyed since then to Level 3, multi-disciplinary SEA team are two planners who there remain knowledge gaps for habitat and are a separate team from the Development Plan species across other areas of the county. project team.

South Dublin County Council 9 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Section 3 South Dublin’s Baseline Environment

relating to major roads and infrastructure 3.1 Introduction improvement schemes.

The environmental baseline within South Dublin is described in this section. This baseline together 3.2 Population with the Strategic Environmental Objectives, 3.2.1 Introduction which are outlined in Section 4, is used in order As Ireland continues to emerge from a period of to identify, describe and evaluate the likely economic instability population projections point significant environmental effects of to an increasing national population and demand implementing the Development Plan and in order for housing, given greater longevity, smaller to determine appropriate monitoring measures. household size and a stable birth rate. Figure 3.1 indicates the 1:50,000 Ordnance Survey Map for South Dublin. 3.2.2 Housing Strategy The Housing Strategy included in the current The County is endowed with a wide range of County Development Plan 2010-2016 aims to environmental resources, which need to be ensure that sufficient land is zoned to meet the acknowledged and dealt with appropriately existing and future housing needs of the County within the Development Plan. The environmental over the lifetime of the plan. It also seeks to baseline is described in line with the legislative ensure that housing is available for people who requirements, encompassing the following have different levels of income by ensuring the components as required by the Planning and provision of 15% of housing units as social and Development Regulations (Strategic affordable housing. Environmental Assessment) Regulations 2004 (SI No. 436 of 2004), (as amended by SI No. 3.2.3 Population 201/2011), In 2011, South Dublin County had a population of 265,205 persons, of which 129,544 were male and  Biodiversity 135,661 were female. This represents 20.8% of the  Fauna Dublin Region’s population and 15% of the  Flora Greater Dublin Area’s (GDA’s) population. The  Population county experienced population growth of 3.4%  Human Health, from 2002 to 2006 and of 7.4% from 2006 to  Soil 2011, an 11% growth rate overall. This is relative  Water to a growth rate of 13.4% in the Dublin Region  Air and a GDA growth rate of 17.5%.  Climatic Factors  Material Assets Census 2002 2006 2011 Increase %  Cultural Heritage including Architectural Year change /County and Archaeological Heritage South 238,835 246,935 265,205 26,370 11.0  Landscape Dublin

DL 191,792 194,038 206,261 14,469 7.5 The interaction between environmental topics Rathdown will be considered in the Environmental Report as Fingal 196,413 239,992 273,991 77,578 39.5 the Plan progresses. GIS mapping is used to assist this process. Sources of baseline data includes Dublin 495,781 506,211 527,612 31,831 6.4 information from statutory agencies, internal City departments within the Council, the internet, local Dublin 1,122,821 1,187,176 1,273,069 85,893 13.4% publications, planning applications and EIS Region Table 3.1: 2002 – 2011 Population Growth: Dublin Region & Counties

South Dublin County Council 10 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

These population trends will be taken into Strategy, both of which emphasise the need to account as part of the review of the County consolidate growth in the Metropolitan Area of Development Plan. This will also be influenced by the GDA region. the policies of both the Regional Planning Guidelines for Dublin and the National Spatial

Fig. 3.1 Ordnance Survey Map of South Dublin.

South Dublin County Council 11 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

3.2.4 Household Size Despite a significant increase in housing stock in South Dublin over the past decade, the relatively The 2011 Census recorded the average low increase compared to some of the other GDA household size for South Dublin as 2.9 persons counties raises a need for a more even share in per household which is a fall from the county housing growth particularly in the Dublin Region. average of 3.2 in 2002. While average household size has been falling throughout the Dublin By applying a projected household size and Region, South Dublin represented the largest vacancy rate to growth scenarios extrapolated reduction. The reductions are likely to reflect from the CSO Regional Population Projections smaller family sizes and the increase in older 2016-2031, the required quantum of housing for family types. The reduction in household size South Dublin can be calculated starting at the nationally appears to be levelling; currently it 2011 base of 97,298 dwellings. It is projected that stands at 2.7 persons per household. an additional 18,500 dwellings would be required in the County by 2022 with an average annual construction rate of approximately 2,000 3.2.5 Population and Housing Forecasts. dwellings per annum between 2016 and 2022 and approximately 1,900 per annum between 2014 The population and family profile of South Dublin and 2016. is relatively young compared to the State and other counties in the Dublin Region but is Issues such as the dramatic reduction in growing older. The share of people in the young construction output across the State combined adult age cohort (19 – 24) has decreased with problems in the financial/banking industry significantly in South Dublin in the last inter- has damaged the capacity of the construction censal period and was the highest recorded industry to meet housing demand. decrease in the Dublin Region. This indicates a high degree of migration from the County for this mobile age cohort. 3.2.6 Population Issues: Existing Problems / Environmental Considerations While adults and adult families make up the largest proportion of people and families in the The county is experiencing two main issues; that County, this age cohort and family type has lost of depopulation in older established areas, and its share to younger and older people and population growth in Greenfield areas at the families. This trend is projected to continue under periphery of the urban fringe. The Census 2011 the CSO Regional Population Projections 2016 – indicates that an increasing number of 2031, which will create an increased demand for households and decreasing household size is services, schools and accommodation for older creating demand for more housing units. and younger populations. There is a need to increase population in more Based on an increased share of population established districts of the County where there is growth projected for the Dublin Region under the both good public transport and community CSO projections, it is calculated that the infrastructure. New and existing infrastructural population of the County could reach 297,000 by developments are to be utilised to maximum 2022, representing a growth of 31,500 or 12% effect. Firstly, provide for development on between 2011 and 2022. This Scenario is Brownfield sites, and avoid impact on Greenfield considered to be reasonable in the context that lands in west and south of the county. Secondly the County has thus far recorded a substantial provide high quality public transport in areas natural growth of 9,500 people (4%) since Census where higher density development is envisaged if 2011 and a reversal of out-migration from the it is not already present. Thirdly, provide a variety County is also likely. of dwelling type and mix of tenure to reflect needs of population.

South Dublin County Council 12 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

3.2.7 Population and Human Health. 3.2.9 Soil.

The impacts relevant to the SEA in terms of In some areas of the County, soil has been human health are usually those which arise as a polluted and contaminated by development result of interactions with environmental vectors which has not followed good environmental (i.e. environmental components such as air, water practice and/or which has not been serviced by or soil through which contaminants or pollutants, the appropriate infrastructure. A number of sites which have the potential to cause harm and can are located in the County which may have a be transported so that they come into contact negative effect on the soil resource in which they with human beings). The impact of development are located. These include contaminated areas on human health is also influenced by the extent such as old landfills and may include Seveso sites. to which new development is accompanied by Re-use of Brownfield and contaminated sites, appropriate infrastructure and the maintenance subject to de-contamination, is preferable to of the quality of water, air and soil. impact upon fertile Greenfield soils. A significant number of older landfill or dumping sites, both 3.2.8 Water licensed and un-licensed, have been identified and are continually monitored for impacts upon The maintenance of a supply of clean drinking soil and receiving waters. This issue is explored water is critical in terms of human health. further in the soils (3.4) and water quality (3.7) Monitoring stations have been established baselines. around the County and are maintained by South Dublin County Council for the EPA. Drinking water Arthurstown Landfill, an advanced facility supply in the County is provided as part of the operating under strict environmental controls, Regional Water Supply for the Greater Dublin which is operated by the Council, accepts waste Area. Only a very small percentage of water from the 4 authorities in Dublin, is located in supply to homes in the County is via group water County Kildare. schemes. Almost all wastewater from the County is treated at Ringsend waste water treatment 3.2.10 Air works (WwTw). This plant is at capacity, leading to the urgent need to provide for additional The impact of air related issues on human health treatment capacity if further development in the can generally be divided into two categories, air county is to be accommodated. pollution and noise pollution. South Dublin County Council maintains an air monitoring Issues relating to watercourses are dealt with station in on the Old Bawn Road in Tallaght4, further in section 3.7 (Water Quality) of this information on which is sent to the Environmental document. Septic tanks form many of the waste Protection Agency. The majority of air pollution water treatment facilities in rural and sensitive issues relate to traffic emissions. upland areas. Unless adequately maintained these systems are inefficient and may pollute Noise pollution is considered to be one of the groundwaters. An adequate system for most damaging and prevalent forms of nuisance monitoring the maintenance of septic tanks and pollution within urban areas. should be established. The treatment of wastewater and the provision of drinking water High levels of traffic noise especially can have a are dealt with in section 3.9 (Material Assets) of detrimental effect on the quality of life and on this document. human health. A significant minority (2.2% of properties, representing approx. 2,141 persons) of the population of South County Dublin is subject to high levels of noise pollution.

4 http://www.epa.ie/whatwedo/monitoring/air/data/d/ta

South Dublin County Council 13 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

On foot of Directive 2002/49/EC (transposed into restructuring of the Dublin area wastewater the Environmental Noise Regulations), the four treatment works is imperative for the local authorities within the agglomeration of development of the County. This is dealt with in Dublin (Dublin City Council, Fingal, Dún detail in section 3.9.1 Waste Water. Laoghaire-Rathdown and South Dublin County Councils) prepared a Noise Action Plan, including Septic tanks form the majority of waste water noise maps for the Dublin Agglomeration 2008- treatment systems in rural areas. Such systems 2013. Under this Directive, the local authorities require continual maintenance in order to avoid are require to review and revise if necessary pollution of groundwaters. This is an issue of ‘Strategic Noise Maps’ every 5 years. great significance in areas such as Bohernabreena where public water reservoirs are located The first sets of maps were produced in June proximate to rural houses served by septic tanks. 2007; the noise maps were reviewed with new In addition, untreated waste from inefficient noise maps produced in June 2012. This also septic tanks may have significant negative effects resulted in the formulation of the most recent on natural habitats such as the SAC in Noise Action Plan 2013-2018. Bohernabreena. Areas which have high numbers of septic tanks, such as Redgap may cumulatively Both air and noise pollution will be dealt with in have potential to pollute groundwater, with greater detail in Section 3.8 (Air Quality and Noise consequent effects on human health. Pollution) of the environmental baseline. Provision of clean drinking water for existing and 3.2.11 Human Health Issues: Existing proposed areas is another issue of concern. The Problems / Environmental Considerations recent growth of Dublin has seen greater pressure being put on existing water sources for Issues of concern include increased amounts of the County. While the water standard in the traffic and the effect of emissions and traffic noise county is currently considered very high (see on human quality of life. Reductions in traffic sections 3.7 and 3.9.2), a significant future source volumes across the County are required as well as of drinking water is required. Monitoring and mitigation against noise. The Dublin ensuring that the 66 noted sites of concern, such Agglomeration Noise Study has created noise as obsolete landfills, illegal dumps and maps for the county, and detailed proposals for contaminated soils sites within the county, do not mitigation are to follow. Associated with the pollute ground or river waters is another issue of quality of life issue is the need to maintain areas concern. of urban green space, some of which are experiencing development pressure. The use of 3.2.12 Evolution of Population and Human green spaces as ‘quiet’ areas, as mentioned in the Health in the Absence of a County Dublin Agglomeration Noise Study, is considered Development Plan to significantly improve quality of life for adjacent residents. It is one of the principle actions of the Residential development would occur on noise study to maintain ‘quiet’ areas. Greenfield lands to the west and south, especially within the environmentally sensitive mountains. Lack of capacity for wastewater treatment is a Significant amounts of single occupancy very significant issue. Ringsend WwTw is close to properties within established areas will continue capacity, and attempts to accommodate further to push populations down as adult children look wastewater at the treatment works could lead to elsewhere in the GDA to purchase or rent homes, negative impacts on the environmentally leading to a flight to the edge of the county. This sensitive sites adjacent to the plant, which must will create an edge city effect in South Dublin. be protected under the Habitats Directive. Commercial property will agglomerate around Development in the County would be severely Baldonnell and further to the west. Lack of restrained by the lack of capacity at Ringsend. planning restrictions will lead to impact upon Speedy implementation of the Greater Dublin soils through fragmentation of habitats, Strategic Drainage Study, which proposes a agricultural land and development in riparian

South Dublin County Council 14 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016 zones. Increased travel by private transport will by the DECLG due to their conservation value for increase emissions to air, as well as increasing habitats and species of importance in the noise impacts upon new and existing residential European Union. communities. Increased development in the uplands and Dublin mountains area would The Habitats Directive seeks to establish the increase emissions to receiving waterways, while Natura 2000 network of protected areas lack of monitoring of extinct landfill sites could throughout the EU. It is the responsibility of each lead to serious pollution of waterways. member state to designate SACs to protect habitats and species, which, together with the SPAs designated under the 1979 Birds Directive, 3.3 Biodiversity (flora, fauna) form the Natura 2000 network.

There are two SAC’s within the County- 3.3.1 Introduction Glenasmole Valley and that portion of the Wicklow Mountains SAC which extends into the Biodiversity is commonly understood to include administrative area of South Dublin County. the number, variety and variability of organisms living on earth. The enhancement of biodiversity, Area No. Site Name and Interest Type. preservation of natural amenities, and integrity of NPWS Code wildlife corridors and protection of the natural 1 Glenasmole Valley Ecological environment are all important issues to be (001209)) 2 Wicklow Mountains Ecological addressed in the preparation of the new county (002122) development plan. The protection, conservation and enhancement of the natural environment are Table 3.2. Special Areas of Conservation a major function of the Development Plan. (SAC’s). Section 10 of the Planning and Development Act, 2000 (as amended) requires that a Development Plan include objectives relating to the SITE NAME: GLENASMOLE VALLEY conservation and protection of the environment SITE CODE: 001209 and heritage. Glenasmole Valley in south Co. Dublin lies on the edge of the Wicklow uplands, approximately 5 km from Tallaght. The River Dodder flows through 3.3.2 Designations the valley and has been impounded here to form two reservoirs which supply water to south There are a number of ecologically designated Dublin. The non-calcareous bedrock (Schist and sites within and surrounding the South Dublin Quartzite) of the Glenasmole Valley has been Plan area. overlain by deep drift deposits which now line the valley sides. They are partly covered by scrub and The County includes three Natura 2000 sites, two woodland, and on the less precipitous parts, by a Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) and one herb-rich grassland. Special Protection Area for Birds (SPA). The County also contains five proposed Natural The valley harbours a number of Annex I habitats Heritage Areas and a Special Amenity Area Order and species including for a section of the Liffey River Valley.  Petrifying springs;  Orchid-rich grassland; 3.3.2.1 Special Areas of Conservations  Molinia meadow;  Kingfisher; Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) have been  Otter; selected for protection under the European  Pipistrelle Bat; Council Directive on the conservation of natural  Leisler’s Bat; habitats and of wild fauna and flora (92/43/EEC)

South Dublin County Council 15 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

 Daubenton’s Bat; with heath, blanket bog and upland grassland  Brown Long-eared Bat. covering large, relatively undisturbed areas.

Other rare species, include those located within All ten habitats listed on Annex I of the EU the Red Data Book such as:- Habitats Directive are found within the site. Several rare, protected plant and animal species  Green-winged Orchid (Orchis morio), occur.  Small-white Orchid (Pseudorchis albida),  Yellow Archangel (Lamiastrum galeobdolon), 3.3.2.2 Special Protection Areas  Yellow Bird's-nest (Monotropa hypopitys). Special Protection Areas (SPAs) have been selected for protection under the 1979 European Council Directive on the Conservation of Wild SITE NAME: WICKLOW MOUNTAINS (A section of Birds (79/409/EEC) - referred to as the Birds the SAC is located in South Dublin County) Directive - by the DECLG due to their SITE CODE: 002122 conservation value for birds of importance in the European Union. There is one SPA located within This site is a complex of upland areas in Counties the County – Wicklow Mountains SPA Wicklow, South Dublin and Dun Laoghaire- Rathdown, flanked by Blessington Reservoir to SITE NAME: WICKLOW MOUNTAINS SPA the west and Vartry Reservoir in the east, Cruagh SITE CODE: 4040 Mt. in the north and Lybagh Mt. in the south. Most of the site is over 300m. This is an extensive upland site, comprising a substantial part of the Wicklow Mountains. The The Wicklow Mountains are drained by several site, which is within the Wicklow Mountains major rivers including the Dargle, Liffey, Dodder, National Park, is fragmented into about twenty Slaney and Avonmore. separate parcels of land.

Poor mineral soil covers the slopes and rock Much of the site is State-owned and managed for outcrops are frequent. The vegetation over most nature conservation based on traditional of the site is a mosaic of heath, blanket bog and landuses for the uplands. The site is of high upland grassland (mostly on peaty soil, though ornithological importance as it supports very some on mineral soil), with stands of dense good examples of upland and woodland bird Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) and small communities, several of which are very rare at a woodlands mainly along the rivers. Mountain national level. Two species, Ring Ouzel and Red loughs and corrie lakes are scattered throughout Grouse, are Red-listed and their status is of high the site. conservation concern.

Large areas of the site are owned by NPWS, and 3.3.2.3 Natural Heritage Areas managed for nature conservation based on traditional landuses for the uplands. The most Natural Heritage Areas (NHAs) are designated common landuse is traditional sheep grazing. In due to their national conservation value for the last 40 years, forestry has become an ecological and/or geological/geomorphological important landuse in the uplands, and has heritage. They cover nationally important semi- affected both the wildlife and the hydrology of natural and natural habitats, landforms or the area. Amenity use is very high, with Dublin city geomorphological features, wildlife plant and close to the site. Wicklow Mountains cSAC is animal species or a diversity of these natural important as a complex, extensive upland site. It attributes. NHAs are designated under the shows great diversity from a geomorphological Wildlife (Amendment) Act 2000. and a topographical point of view. The vegetation provides examples of the typical upland habitats

South Dublin County Council 16 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

There are five proposed Natural Heritage Areas within the County (in addition to the two cSACs which are also pNHAs); because of the diversity of the habitats within the site, ranging from aquatic to terrestrial. A number Area No. Site Name and Interest Type. of rare and threatened plant species have been NPWS Code recorded from the site. 1 Liffey Valley Ecological (000128) 2 Grand Canal Ecological (002104) SITE NAME: GRAND CANAL. SITE CODE: 3 Dodder Valley Ecological 002104 (000991) The Grand Canal is a man-made waterway linking 4 Lugmore Glen Ecological (001212) the River Liffey at Dublin with the Shannon at 5 Slade of Saggart Ecological Shannon Harbour and the Barrow at Athy. The and Crooksling Glen Grand Canal Natural Heritage Area (NHA) (00211) comprises the canal channel and the banks on Table 3.3 Proposed Natural Heritage Areas either side of it. (pNHA’s). The bio-diversity of the water channel is particularly high in the eastern section of the SITE NAME: LIFFEY VALLEY. SITE CODE: 000128 Main Line - between the Summit level at Lowtown The Liffey Valley site is situated along the River and Inchicore. Liffey between Leixlip Bridge on the Kildare- Dublin border and downstream of the weir at The ecological value of the canal lies more in the Glenaulin, Palmerstown, Co. Dublin. The river diversity of species it supports along its linear meanders through low hills for much of its course habitats than in the presence of rare species, through the site and forms the focus for the site although a number of rare and protected species itself. The main terrestrial habitat included within do occur. the site is mixed deciduous woodland on fertile boulder clay.

This site is part of the Liffey Valley Special Amenity Area Order 1990. The site is important

South Dublin County Council 17 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Fig. 3.2 National and European Designated Sites

South Dublin County Council 18 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

SITE NAME: DODDER VALLEY. SITE CODE: with steep tree-covered sides, while the southern 000991 side is flatter and contains two small lakes, the This stretch of the River Dodder extends for about Brittas Ponds. 2 kilometres between Firhouse bridge and Oldbawn bridge in the south-west of Dublin city. The site includes a good example of a wooded river valley and a small wetland system. The The vegetation consists of woodland scrub presence of a Rare plant, a Rare invertebrate and mainly of Willow (Salix spp.). Understorey a variety of wildfowl species adds to the interest vegetation contains Early Purple Orchid (Orchis of the site. mascula) and Bugle (Ajuga reptans). Forty-eight species of bird have been recorded recently in the area. Part of the river bank supports a Sand 3.3.2.4 Special Area Amenity Order. Martin colony of up to 100 pairs. This site represents the last remaining stretch of natural Liffey Valley SAAO river bank vegetation of the Dodder in the built up Greater Dublin Area. The Special Amenity Area Order for the Liffey Valley between Lucan Bridge and Palmerstown was confirmed by the Minister of the Environment SITE NAME: LUGMORE GLEN. SITE CODE: 001212 in March 1990. This small wooded glen is located about 2 km south-east of Saggart in Co Dublin. It is quite a The area was designated due to:- narrow valley cut in glacial drift. A small stream  Its outstanding natural beauty; winds through the valley.  The inclusion therein of areas which are of special recreational value, and The rare Yellow Archangel (Lamiastrum  The inclusion therein of areas which galeobdolon) occurs at this site and was recorded exhibit a need for nature conservation. as being frequent in 1991. The importance of this site is that it is a fine example of a wooded glen This section of the Liffey Valley, when considered with a good representation of woodland plants. as a whole, acts as a rural landscape feature and This type of semi-natural habitat is now scarce in green belt. Mature tree stands, alluvial meadows, Co Dublin soft riverbanks with associated pastoral weirs, bridges, mill-races and large heritage houses SITE NAME: SLADE OF SAGGART AND combine to create a distinct river landscape. CROOKSLING GLEN. SITE CODE: 000211 Additionally, the undeveloped lands assist in maintaining river and soil quality, while allowing This site is located in the south-west of the county for a wide variety of habitats and species to and stretches from Brittas northwards to flourish. approximately 2 km south of Saggart. The northern half of the site comprises a river valley

South Dublin County Council 19 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

3.3.4 Aquatic Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna. The County has a number of undeveloped or protected corridors of land, which act as links The Eastern Regional Fisheries Board noted 3 no. from the surrounding countryside into Dun waterbodies within the county which support Laoghaire-Rathdown, Fingal and into the denser important fisheries. These are the Grand Canal, urban core of Dublin City. and the Rivers Liffey and Dodder5. The latter two support Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar, Annex II of Protected corridors include:- the Habitats Directive), Brook Lamprey (also listed  Liffey Valley, connecting Wicklow, on Annex II of the Habitats Directive) and brown Kildare, South Dublin, Fingal and Dublin and sea trout. The Dodder also supports an City; extensive range of rare aquatic flora along its  Dodder Valley and tributaries, entire length, for example Fools watercress connecting South Dublin, Dun (Apium nodiflorum), water mint (Mentha Laoghaire-Rathdown and Dublin City; aquatica), sharp flowered rush (Juncus  Grand Canal. Connects the River Shannon acutiflorus), iris (Iris pseudocorus and blue water to Dublin City, through South Dublin. speedwell (Veronica anagallis aquatica). Other corridors include:- In addition some protected species such as White  River Camac, River Griffeen, Dublin- Clawed Crayfish are to be found in the Grand Kildare Railway Line. These corridors are Canal. The canal also supports a large amount of not subject to environmental coarse fish. designation.

It is noted that the River Camac, Owendoher and Further elements to be considered within any Greenogue Stream (Newcastle) are known to habitat or green network include streams, wet support brown trout. ditches, hedgerows of biodiversity and heritage importance which form barony, parish or townland boundaries, and stepping stone areas 3.3.5 Primary Ecological Corridors. such as defunct quarries, ponds, pools and areas of woodland or substantial tree-lines. Article 10 of the Habitats Directive recognises the importance of ecological networks as corridors These primary ecological corridors have yet to be and stepping stones for the movement of wildlife. fully identified. It is through the development of Migration, movement and the long term genetic a Green Infrastructure Strategy that the key health of species is assisted through creating elements of the green network including the linked networks for biodiversity purposes. primary ecological corridors in the County will be identified. The main structure of the ecological The Directive requires that connectivity and areas network through the county is formed by linear of ecological value which lie outside of the features such as rivers, the canal and the railway designated ecological sites are maintained. The line. The Liffey, railway line and canal provide for Directive recognises the need for the good access to designated sites in adjacent management of these areas through land use counties. The completion of the proposed planning and development policies. The networks Biodiversity Plan will help to identify the primary are considered imperative in connecting areas of ecological corridors in the County. biodiversity within the County to each other, thus avoiding the creation of isolated islands of The northern section of the network provides for habitat. These corridors are particularly important a higher degree of connectivity than the southern for mammals, small birds and bats. and eastern sections, which appear to follow parallel paths. Connectivity between these rivers and valleys would be required in order to create

5 Eastern Regional Fisheries Board. Submission to South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2004-2010 Review.

South Dublin County Council 20 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016 a more comprehensive network. Linking the  Beaufort Downs, Rathfarnham, northern and southern sections of the county will  Quarryvale, Brooklawn. also be required.

3.3.8 Biodiversity: Existing Problems / 3.3.6 CORINE Land Cover Mapping6 Environmental Considerations

Almost all of the habitats within the county have Development within the County has expanded been shaped or affected by man. The CORINE into Greenfield lands, with consequent effects on land cover mapping, which classifies land cover those lands. Habitat fragmentation is taking place under various headings, indicates a clear within previously rural areas, and those areas breakdown between urban areas to the north and outside of designated sites. Assessment of the east of the county, and agricultural land cover to impacts of proposed development on SACs the west, with some forest cover and upland to within South Dublin and adjacent counties under the south. Natura 2000 will be required in order to establish the need for Stage 27 ‘Appropriate Assessment’ to The County data from 1990 to 2000 indicates loss be undertaken. In addition, assessment of the of natural and semi-natural habitats around the effects of development in lands adjacent to, or northern and middle sections of the county. feeding into the SACs is required. The proliferation and lack of maintenance of septic Updates to the CORINE were produced in 2000, tanks on upland areas, specifically the SAC is also 2006 with the 2012 update providing significant an area of concern. improvements to the pre-existing 2006 dataset and now provides the most up to date national The large conifer afforestation in the upland areas scale information on landcover and landuse in of the county may be having an effect on certain Ireland. bogs and riverine systems. This is due to the evergreen needle deposit into riverine systems by 3.3.7 Tree Preservation Orders and Woodland forest cover as well as fertilizer and peat run-off Planting to rivers at planting and harvesting stages.

A Tree Preservation Order (TPO) enables local Removal of hedgerows, specifically older authorities to preserve any single tree or group of townland hedgerows within development areas trees and brings them under planning control. reduces biodiversity, while a lack of defined Tree preservation orders are only made if it ecological networks earmarked for retention appears that a tree or group of trees, need to be compounds problems relating to ‘species protected in the interests of amenity in the movement’ compliance with the requirements of environment. The Planning and Development Act the Habitats Directive. Green linkages between 2000 (as amended) has further outlined the legal sites of importance, in particular between SACs framework and procedures provided in the 1963 and pNHA’s need to be provided, in order to Act to make a TPO. The existing TPOs within comply with the requirements of the Habitats South Dublin are as follows:- Directive. Habitat fragmentation due to development is to be avoided, or ameliorated  St. Bridgid’s, Clondalkin against.

6 CORINE Land Cover (CLC) is a map of the European the maps is generally accurate, depicting land which is environmental landscape based on interpretation of satellite covered by artificial surfaces and land which is not. The images. Land cover is the observed physical cover, as seen European Environment Agency, in conjunction with the from the ground or through remote sensing, including for European Space Agency, the European Commission and example natural or planted vegetation, water and human member countries is currently updating the CORINE land constructions which cover the earth's surface. Because of the cover database. scale of the CORINE data and the method by which it was 7 Methodological guidance on the provision of Article 6 (3) collected there are likely to be a number of inaccuracies at the and (4) of the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC local level. It is noted, however, that the land cover shown on

South Dublin County Council 21 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

development alongside rivers, removal of A submission by the NPWS noted the need for hedgerows, filling in of wet ditches. Flooding maintenance of wildlife corridors, specifically the would increase due to development within western sections of the Grand Canal and riparian zones. Culverting of rivers and streams Gallanstown area, and the impact that existing would take place in order to provide alleviation of and proposed roads schemes may have on the flooding. canal. In addition, increasing amenity usage of the Grand Canal, has potential to impact upon the The spread of development throughout the Biodiversity value of the canal and associated County would result in an increased number of systems. brownfield sites, through relocation of uses out of the urban area. These brownfield sites undergo a The presence of a number of alien species such as process of natural recolonisation and can Giant Hogweed, and in large numbers, Japanese eventually support extensive biodiversity. Knotweed (and other varieties of Knotweed) along the River Dodder8, is an issue which requires immediate attention in order to avoid 3.4 Landscapes/Soil significant ecological and economic cost at a later date. A lack of a Biodiversity or Habitat Plan for 3.4.1 Landscape the County constrains detailed assessment of valuable habitats at local level. The landscape of the County is varied, ranging from alluvial river valleys, to fertile fields, ancient 3.3.9 Evolution of Biodiversity, Flora and monastic settlement villages surrounded by Fauna in the Absence of a County suburban residential and office parks, to mixed Development Plan farming and forestry in the mountainous uplands.

In the absence of a County Development Plan, South Dublin County Council commissioned an development would continue to expand into update of the existing Landscape Character Greenfield sites. Development would not be Assessment of the county. The scope of work was directed to particular areas in a co-ordinated as follows: manner, but instead would be subject to market 1. To revise, refresh and update the existing led demands. Landscape Character Assessment of the County While SACs are required to be protected under 2. To provide a baseline description and the EU Habitats directive, such protection would analysis of the landscape resources of the be difficult to implement, due to inability to County. adequately provide water and wastewater 3. To undertake a historical landscape services for development within the County, characterisation of the County specifically rural areas. Proliferation of septic 4. To advise on the landscape character tanks within upland areas would increase sensitivities of the county and to advise polluted discharges, affecting lakes, rivers and on the landscape character capacity of groundwaters. This in turn would affect aquatic the county in relation to built Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna, specifically in development inter alia, rural Glenasmole cSAC. development, wind energy and the uplands The statutory protection of the pNHAs would be 5. To provide a number of landscape threatened. Development alongside ecological character recommendations and advice sites would encroach on the supporting resources that can underpin landscape policies in of the sites such as water systems. Ecological the South Dublin County Development connectivity could not be provided, resulting in Plan 2016-2022.

8 Edel Donnelly BSc, Thesis: River Dodder, Knotweed Management Plan. September 2008.

South Dublin County Council 22 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

preserved naturalistic and rural landscapes in the The assessment identified the following area. This sense is potentially at risk due to landscape character areas in the county: urbanisation. Recommendations were made aimed at preserving that sense of place and relate Liffey Valley LCA: a river valley of significant to conservation, protection and enhancement historical importance with an important where possible of those key landscape elements ecological corridor associated with the River and values. Liffey. The landscape characteristics and landscape value of this LCA confer on it a distinct Newcastle Lowlands LCA: a low lying sense of place. The elements that are key include agricultural area of high agricultural productivity, historic and cultural heritage exemplified by Lucan and Palmerstown, and the variety of

Figure 3.3 South Dublin County Landscape Character Areas (2015) South Dublin County Council 23 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

long history of human settlement and important integrity is of importance to local residents, and it landscape setting to the urbanised east. is a very significant resource for recreation users and for tourism. The objectives of managing this The Newcastle lowlands function as an important LCA is to preserve its overall character and the agricultural resource but are vulnerable to features and values that contribute to its urbanising pressures. In addition, its character as uniqueness a rural landscape provides a distinct and The urban areas of the county were not assessed important identity to this area of western Dublin. as they would normally merit more detailed and To conserve its sense of place requires measures finer scale assessment, through townscape protecting the integrity of the agricultural assessment or through local area plans. A landscape by controls on urban expansion, summary description was provided for the Urban ribbon development and other sources of erosion Areas as follows: and fragmentation, and requires site planning guidance on the use of appropriate vernacular Suburban Lowlands: extensive urbanised area styles and treatments in new developments. radiating from the east this area has historically functioned as the hinterland to the city; variety of Athgoe and Saggart Hills LCA: The foothills and housing estates and styles largely dating from the hills that form the backdrop and southern setting late 19th and early 20th century, with major to the greater Dublin area; these hills provide a communications corridors including roads, trains variety of uses including agriculture, forestry, and tram routes. Green corridors are of great recreation as well as important ecological services significance given their relative rarity within this associated with their habitats. The LCA is diverse LCA, the prime example being the River Dodder; and offers the access into the more strongly rural other green spaces relate to golf courses, amenity areas of the county and beyond. Long views over and recreational facilities. the lowlands and south to the Wicklow Mountains are an important characteristics. The 3.4.1.4 Landscape Protection integrity of the landscape character is derived from agriculture combined with other rural land The Development Plan 2010-2016 contains a uses including coniferous plantations. The number of objectives for the protection of the integrity of its character, and of its value as a landscape. Specific zoning designations within landscape setting have been compromised by the 2010-2016 County Development Plan housing developments in the area and measures represent the majority of the landscape character are recommended to enhance this rural diverse areas noted above, and these zonings are the agricultural landscape and protect the long views most substantive form of protection for the that are a defining feature of this LCA. landscape contained within the 2010-2016 County Development Plan. These zonings River Dodder and Glenasmole Valley LCA: A include:- highly scenic and distinctive glacial valley with Objective B: To protect and improve Rural variety of attractive features, and enclosed fields Amenity and to provide for the development of contrasting with the upland blanket bog areas. Agriculture. Distinctive stone cut cottages and boundaries are Objective F: To preserve and provide for Open present along the along the valley floor, this LCA space and Recreational Amenities. also contains significant archaeological clusters. Objective G: To protect and improve High This LCA offers varied and extensive views across Amenity Areas. Dublin Bay and to the Wicklow mountains and is Objective GB: To preserve a ‘Green Belt’ between an important recreational and ecological development areas. landscape, evidenced by its statutory Objective H: To protect and enhance the designations. It forms a significant backdrop to outstanding natural character of the Dublin the greater Dublin area, and is a remarkable Mountain Area. landscape in its wildness and remoteness so close to heavily urbanised areas. Its character and

South Dublin County Council 24 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

In addition, there are a number of objectives to Fingal: Protection of the Liffey Valley protect views from certain roads (see Figure 3.4) from adverse development and identifying areas which are sensitive to the Dun Laoghaire: Protection of the Glendoo Valley development of forestry. Adjoining counties have and Kilmashogue Valley, both of which border indicated shared borders where special South Dublin. consideration should be given to issues affecting Wicklow: No views or prospects into South the existing landscape. These include:- Dublin Dublin City: No views or prospects into South Kildare: Views from Leixlip Bridge along the River Dublin Liffey; Views from the R403, Barberstown Cross to St Patricks Hill (Views into South Dublin)

South Dublin County Council 25 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Figure 3.4 Views and Prospects to be Protected South Dublin County Council 26 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

3.4.2 Landscape Issues: Existing Problems / 3.4.4 Soil and Geology Environmental Considerations The geology of South Dublin is comprised mainly It is considered that the foothills and upland areas of limestone, with a section of Granites and of the Dublin Mountains are the most sensitive to Igneous Intrusive rocks and Silurian and change in visual terms, however, it would appear Ordovician Meta-sediments. The upland or that the lands within the low plain, around southern areas of the County comprise the Newcastle and Baldonnell are also subject to Granites and Silurian or Ordovician Meta- development pressure. The lowland landscape is sediments. The lowland areas of the County are the more robust and less sensitive to change. An substantially made up of Dinantian Upper Impure exception to this is the landscape around Limestone with smaller sections of Dinantian Newcastle, which is noted as being associated Lower Impure Limestone located at the south- with the Norman Manor Village. The upland areas western border with Kildare. Very small deposits are sensitive to the development of poorly of Dinantian (early) Sandstone, Shales and designed forestry proposals and to the Limestone are also present in this locality. A small accommodation of one-off housing. deposit of Dinantian Pure Unbedded Limestone is located along the northern border of the county 3.4.3 Evolution of Landscape in the Absence of with Fingal. a County Development Plan. The limestone of the northern part of the County In the absence of a Development Plan it is likely is considered to be located within the Central that development will take place in Greenfield Lowland Plains, which stretch from Lough Corrib lands and in the form of one-off housing in the in County Galway, across the midlands, to the upland areas. Relocation of industry uses to Irish Sea. Greenfield lands in the area around Newcastle and Baldonnell would reduce the rural landscape The granites of the southern section of the further, removing hedgerows, impacting upon County are part of the Caledonian province of the streams and riparian zones, and impacting upon South-East of the Country. This province differs the historic landscape and features around geologically from the central plains, in that it is Newcastle. Development in the uplands would comprised of Caledonian Granite and Igneous involve the removal of hedgerows for the rock, while the Lowland Plains are comprised of development on one-off housing generated by sedimentary limestone. urban development pressure. The existing field pattern would be fragmented, while protected 3.4.5 Geothermal Energy areas such as Bohernabreena and Slade Valley would be impacted upon. Rural villages such as The Thermal Energy Resource Map of Ireland Brittas would experience high growth levels, Final Report, released in July 2004 by Sustainable resulting in negative impact on the surrounding Energy Ireland indicated that Ireland is rural landscape. Additional medium density particularly well suited for the utilisation of residential development in the lower sections of geothermal resources due to the temperate the mountains around Ballycullen, Woodtown, climate and rainfall levels which ensure good Rockbrook, Oldcourt and Newtown would conductivity and year-round rain-fall recharge. continue, pushing further up into the remaining agricultural lands and impacting heavily upon the The study indicates nine action areas or Major hedgerows and mature stands of deciduous trees Recommendations as a result of its investigations. which characterise the more elevated sections of These recommendations are generally based these areas. around the promotion of pilot projects using geothermal resources due to a current lack of exploitation. One of the nine action areas supports a medium depth pilot borehole in an area with many potential users. The Blackrock-

South Dublin County Council 27 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Rathcoole Fault is mentioned as an example importance are being identified as County location for such a pilot scheme. Mapping Geological Sites (CGS) and – by virtue of their undertaken as part of the Thermal Energy recognition in Development Plans – will be Resource Report9 appears to indicate that the protected from potentially damaging majority of the South Dublin County area has development. An audit of the Geological Heritage similar levels of thermal heat resource available at of South Dublin County was carried out in 2014, depths of 2500m. which identifies 10 geological sites of interest in the County. The list of County Geological Sites for South Dublin County Council in partnership with Protection is set out in Table 3.5. the City of Dublin Energy Management Agency (CODEMA) carried out a countywide Spatial Energy Demand Analysis (SEDA) in 2015 in order Table 3.5 County Geological Sites to inform the energy policies and objectives of the County Development Plan. The energy data Site Location/ Summary for the commercial, residential and municipal Location Townlands sectors, collated under the Sustainable Energy Dodder Kiltipper, Flat-topped Action Plan (SEAP) methodology, has been Terraces Ballymace, elevated further progressed and refined to generate Friarstown terraces that County scale tables and maps representing a Upper, formed river range of energy information, including heat Bohernabreena, floodplain density, energy demand and costs across sectors. Killininny, along the Tallaght, Tymon Dodder River The South Dublin SEDA has analysed the South, during the last employment profile and sector breakdown of Knocklyon, deglaciation South Dublin County for 2014, based on the Templeogue, South Dublin County Economic Profile, South Oldbawn Dublin County Council and South Dublin Greenhills Kilnamanagh, Large ridge Chamber of Commerce (2014). Based on job / Esker Tymon North comprising population ratios for the County and the Core sand and Strategy population projections to 2022, it is gravel estimated that the commercial sector could Kippure Powerscourt Landmark generate an additional 13% energy demand Mountain, mountain with (based on 2014 total) by 2022. Kippure, eroded peat, Castlekelly exposed It is clear that continued growth across South granite sands, Dublin County will require energy to power and granite homes, business and transport needs, over the blocks. lifetime of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016 – 2022 and beyond. Lucan Lucan and Large ridge Esker Pettycanon, comprising 3.4.6 County Geological sites Esker South sand and gravel The Geological Survey of Ireland (GSI) in Newcastle Newcastle partnership with the National Parks and Wildlife Buried Farm, A deep buried Service are seeking to identify geological and Channel Newcastle channel in the geomorphological sites of national significance Demesne, Carboniferous for statutory designations as Natural Heritage Glebe, Limestone Areas. Other geological sites of national or local bedrock,

9 http://www.iretherm.ie/documents/Publications_by_Others/SEI 2004_FinalReport.pdf

South Dublin County Council 28 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Athgoe North, representing Newcastle the site of a South, former Ballynakelly, Vauclusian Newcastle Spring type North, cave (a large Cornerpark, resurgence of Commons Little groundwater from a cave)

Brittas Calliaghstown Large Gravel Upper, accumulation Complex Slievethoul, of deposited Slademore, sands and Crockaunadree gravels nagh, Brittas Little, Brittas Big, Glenaraneen, Lugg, Raheen, Gortlum, Mountseskin, Aghfarrell, Ballinascorney Upper Belgard Cheeverstown, Large working Quarry Belgard, quarry - Bedlesshill, Carboniferous Kingswood limestone

Liffey Yellow Walls, Roadside Valley Irishtown, exposure of Centre Quarryvale Calp Road limestones Sections

N4 Lucan Lucan and Roadside cutting Pettycanon, exposure of Esker South Calp limestones Ballinascor Ballinascorney Large ney Quarry Upper abandoned quarry - Caledonian dolerite & Ordovician siltstones

South Dublin County Council 29 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Figure 3.5 County’s Geological Sites

South Dublin County Council 30 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

3.4.7 Soils area and its increased and accelerated growth is now having an impact on the high quality soil The soil cover within South Dublin has developed resource within the South Dublin County. In some from a combination of the parent material from areas of the County, soil has been polluted and which the soils are derived, terrain, climate and contaminated by development which has not vegetation cover. The short distances which followed good environmental practice and/or glacial material was transported mean that which has not been serviced by the appropriate overlying soils are generally similar to underlying infrastructure. There are a number of sites, such bedrock. The soil cover in the northern area of the as old landfills which have adversely affected the County is ‘grey-brown podzolics’. The south of adjoining soil resources. To date there is currently the County comprises ‘acid-brown earths’ in the no legislation which is specific to the protection lower reaches of the mountains, while the upland of soil resources. In April 2014, the European areas are ‘peats and peaty gleys’.10 Commission took the decision to withdraw the proposed for a Soil Framework Directive. The Figure 3.6 shows the distribution of soil types Commission remains committed to the objective within South Dublin. The blanket peats found in of soil protection but no legislation is presently the uplands are considered to be of international forthcoming. importance, hence the SAC protection of a large section of the upland peat soils in the county. Blanket peat, which is rare internationally, resource is considered of socio-economic as well as economic importance. The more diverse soils are found along the central plain and Liffey Valley section of the county. Aside from the upper reaches of the mountains, the soil resource within South Dublin is capable of accepting a diverse range of agricultural options with a wide land use capability. The preservation of the growth function of the soil supports a wide variety of flora and fauna. Hand cutting of turf in places where turbary rights exist, is still permitted within the SAC area, although an announcement from the Minister of the Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht in January 201411 indicated the long term strategic plan for Irelands Peatlands which would seek to protect the unique bog habitats whilst also recognising the tradition of turf cutting. This would see the phasing out of turf cutting on a number of Natural Heritage Areas and Special Areas of Conservation.

Localised sections of glacial till are present in the lowland areas of the county, most noticeably in the form of undulating deposits in the north and east of the County. This is part of the Esker Riada, a band of glacial moraine stretching from Dublin to Galway. The location of the Metropolitan urban

10 Source: Map Viewer at www.gsi.ie 11 http://www.ahg.gov.ie/en/PressReleases/2014/January2014 PressReleases/htmltext,17366,en.html

South Dublin County Council 31 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Figure 3.6 Soil Types in South Dublin County

South Dublin County Council 32 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Figure 3.7 Geological Bedrock of South Dublin

South Dublin County Council 33 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

uplands, the peat soils within the SAC are subject 3.4.7.1 Contaminated Soils. to protection, however, forestry, diversification of agriculture and development pressures are A number of sites (extant and closed) are located affecting this resource outside of the protected in the County which have adversely affected the areas. There is also potential for soil and receiving soil resource in which they are located. These waters in the Bohernabreena reservoir area to include contaminated areas such as old landfills suffer from pollution due to inadequately and Seveso sites. There have been 66 no. serviced development. It is generally noted that degraded sites identified by the South Dublin the rock type in the Dublin Mountains provides County Council Environment Department, as for a poorly productive ground water aquifer12 having potential to negatively affect receiving waters and land uses. A number of these sites are monitored by South Dublin County Council, with a view to providing remedial action when required.

3.4.7.2 Extractive Industries

Quarrying has been historically undertaken throughout the County due to the presence of deep deposits of sand, gravel and bedrock. Many of the older quarry operations within the county which were located around Clondalkin and in the Mountain areas are now closed. Currently 5 no. quarries operate within South Dublin. These are located at Newlands Cross, Windmill Hill, Aghfarrell, Ballinascorney, and Corbally-Lugmore. All are large operations for rock extraction. Figure 3.8 indicates the location of these quarries.

3.4.8 Soil and Geology Issues: Existing Problems / Environmental Considerations

Development upon Greenfield sites is a significant issue facing the soil resource within the County. Development restricts the agricultural potential of soil. This decreases the sustainable production of food within proximity to urban areas.

The presence of large quarrying operations in South Dublin is another factor, resulting in the extraction and removal of significant quantities of non-renewable soils, and allowing for pollution to access groundwater. Where quarrying is extensive in area and depth, the hydrological flow of the water table may be affected. Quarries, specifically those in scenic upland areas, can have a significant effect in the landscape. In the

12 P9-12 Eastern River Basin District Characterisation Report. September 2005.

South Dublin County Council 34 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Figure 3.8 Location of Extractive Industries

South Dublin County Council 35 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

3.4.9 Evolution of Geology/Soils in the 2. Grazing/arable lowland farms, Absence of a County Development Plan 3. Hill farms, and 4. Upland farms. In the absence of a County Development Plan it is likely that substantial development would take Due to the proximity of the Dublin Metropolitan place on Greenfield sites around the county, area, farmland types in the County are subject to which would effectively sterilise the soil resource. differing levels of urban development pressure, In addition, a certain amount of activities, such as either for one-off rural housing, or larger urban forestry, windfarms or one-off housing development. Other issues include that of development would take place in the uplands, reducing farm incomes, and the need of many which would negatively affect the peat bogs landowning families to diversify and seek located on those areas. In addition pollution of supplementary income from sources other than soils would increase due to development in traditional farming. locations not serviced by adequate wastewater treatment, and by un-monitored emissions to This has led to an incremental change in land use soils and receiving waters by industrial uses and patterns from agriculture to uses for residential agriculture. Extractive Industries would be likely developments, business parks and light industry. to expand to take advantage of the large deposits This change in land use is also reflected in the loss of easily accessible sand, gravel and stone. This of hedgerow boundaries and alteration or would take place in both the uplands and culverting of stream channels. lowlands, resulting in the removal of large quantities of a non-renewable soil and sub-soil The loss of agricultural and soil resources close to resource. the metropolitan area of Dublin also increases dependency on imported food produce with 3.5 Agriculture and Forestry corresponding increased ‘food miles’ and higher carbon emissions. The loss of locally-based Although South Dublin is located within the agriculture and large areas of agricultural land Greater Dublin Area and forms the south western also affects our ability to react and adapt to section of the Dublin Metropolitan area, the climate change. majority of the settlement in the County is located to the north and east of the County. Large Forestry and Trees sections of land in the south and south west of the County are dominated by rural uses such as Woodlands, trees, and hedgerows, all offer agriculture and in the upland areas, forestry and opportunities for biodiversity protection, urban hill farming. In order to ensure the continued place enhancement, and mitigation for (and viability of the agricultural and forestry sectors adaptation to) climate change. within the County, provision is required to allow for rural and farm diversification and sources of Forestry planting represents a small proportion of off-farm income, rather than allowing for the the overall land use of the County (5% of total continued development of rural lands due to land area in County of Dublin/ 9% Countrywide) urban pressure. evenly divided by public and private ownerships. The majority of forestry is located in the hills and 3.5.1 Agriculture uplands of the Dublin Mountains in the south of the County. The majority of the planting in the Farmland in South Dublin can be broadly broken County, and certainly in the uplands, is down into four (4) differing categories. commercial mono-culture coniferous forestry.

1. Urban fringe farmland, A miniscule proportion of broadleaf forestry planting is located within the County. However

South Dublin County Council 36 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016 these woods are mostly remnants of historic incremental development of farm holdings planting undertaken in demesne holdings such as becomes a substitute for the reduction of the Liffey Valley. The lack of a woodland agricultural income. This has increased the management programme to replace and enhance potential for development of forestry as an these demesne woodlands is a barrier to retaining income stream in the uplands, where other forms these important landscape features. of development are severely restricted. Forestry has high potential for detrimental visual Some small areas of semi-natural woodland also impact, if not laid out correctly. In addition, remain in inaccessible river gullies in the foothills forestry, during growth and felling stages can of the mountains. In addition, planting have a significant detrimental impact on river programmes have been undertaken in the past by systems. The reduction in the amount of arable the Council in public parks such as Tymon Park, soil close to the City will have an effect on the Corkagh Park, and the Dodder Valley. ability of the Dublin Metropolitan Area to feed itself. Although the area of forestry planting within the County is not particularly large, the concentration of coniferous planting in a particularly visible location such as the Dublin Mountains can raise a number of issues. Commercial coniferous plantations are not a traditional element of the Irish landscape and can have a visual impact which is not appreciated by all. In addition, concentrations of coniferous forestry in upland locations can lead to pollution and siltation of streams and riverine systems due to higher levels of acidity and aluminium concentrations, an issue which affects the Water Frameworks Directive and the requirement to improve water quality by 2015.

Hedgerows traditionally support a range of tree species. Where hedgerow management is absent, these linear features often present more as lines of mature trees which can still offer some habitat and biodiversity interest, although to a much more reduced degree than the functioning hedgerow. Residential developments offer opportunities to retain trees or tree lines within their design, while also providing the means to increase tree numbers in landscape proposals.

Issues exist in the county, however, with the management of urban trees. Sufficient replanting of street trees has not kept pace with the demand to remove or prune problematic trees.

3.5.3 Agriculture and Forestry Issues: Existing Problems / Environmental Considerations

Diversification of farm incomes has increased the effects of development on the landscape as

South Dublin County Council 37 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Figure 3.9 Forest Cover in South Dublin County - Coillte Owned Properties

South Dublin County Council 38 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

In preparing the draft plan, the local authorities 3.5.4 Evolution of Agriculture and Forestry in considered the relevant statutory obligations, the the Absence of a County Development Plan European Commission’ s guidance document on waste plans and reviewed recommendations from In the absence of a County Development Plan it other relevant strategic planning documents. is likely that agriculture in South Dublin would The plan seeks to assist and support the become more marginal, and that levels of part- community and local business to develop time farming would increase. Development resource efficiency and waste prevention pressure on agricultural land would result in initiatives. A key plan target is to achieve a 1% reduced numbers of viable farms in the lowland reduction per annum in the quantity of areas. A lack of restrictions on visually obtrusive, household waste generated per capita over the low intensity uses in the uplands areas would period of the plan. In tandem, the plan identifies result in increased amounts of coniferous measures to develop a circular economy where forestry, and wind-farms. It is probable that waste management initiatives stop being farming within the County as a whole would confined to treating and disposing of waste, become fragmented, with less maintenance of instead supporting initiatives that value waste as farm hedgerows and buildings, and the creation a resource or potential raw material. of smaller holdings, without a requisite increase in hedgerow boundaries, resulting in a more degraded rural landscape, and a greater area of The strategic vision of the Plan is to put into place urban-rural fringe, with increased perception of coherent policy objectives and actions which sprawl. align with European and national policy to support Ireland’s move to an economy defined by Regarding the ability of the Dublin Metropolitan higher resource efficiency and productivity. This Area to sustainably feed itself, the loss of economic shift involves rethinking from all significant amounts of farmland through sectors and the waste and resource management development is noted as an issue of concern. sector has the potential to play a leading role. The However it is possible that the creation of a larger core principles of the strategic approach are area of urban-rural fringe, with high amounts of fundamental to this development and will ensure small remnant plots could be suitable for our wastes are managed better in keeping with allotments or result in certain amounts of market the wider vision of the circular economy. The gardening undertaken by small or local operators. strategic policy objectives for the plan represent the local authorities’ statement of intent and 3.6 Waste Management cover the following policy areas:  Policy and legislation

 Prevention 3.6.1 Introduction  Resource Efficiency & Circular Economy

 Coordination The Regional Draft Waste Management Plan for  Infrastructure Planning the region was launched in November 2014. The  Enforcement and Regulation Eastern-Midlands Region encompasses the local  Protection authorities: Dublin City, Dún Laoghaire-  Other wastes Rathdown, Fingal, South Dublin, Kildare, Louth,

Laois, Longford, Meath, Offaly, Westmeath and A period of public consultation was carried out on Wicklow. the Draft document in late 2014 and the final

Regional Waste Management Plan was published The regional plan provides the framework for in late May 2015. In conjunction with the plans, a waste management for the next six years and sets Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) and an out a range of policies and actions in order to Appropriate Assessment (AA) of the impact of the meet the specified mandatory and performance plans was carried out targets.

South Dublin County Council 39 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

3.6.2 Out of County Waste Management.

Waste is baled at the Council’s Baling Station at 3.7 Water Ballymount and is disposed of in the Council’s engineered landfill at Arthurstown, Co. Kildare. In 3.7.1 Introduction addition, South Dublin County Council will be committing a certain amount of waste to the Water in South Dublin has played a significant thermal treatment plant in Ringsend within role in the development of the County and indeed Dublin City Councils administrative area, the Dublin City. The Rivers Liffey and the Dodder and construction and use of which forms a part of the their tributaries have had a considerable impact waste management strategy for the Greater on the landscape. Water from South Dublin was Dublin Area. one of the earliest supplies (13th century) of clear water to Dublin City, and still supplies drinking water to the county today. South Dublin has no 3.6.3 Waste Management Issues: Existing natural lakes. Problems / Environmental Considerations 3.7.2 Pressures on Water Quality from Human The majority of waste management issues are Activity. adequately covered by the Regional Waste Management Strategy, which is being Human activities can have a negative effect on implemented in accordance with the water quality. Pressures exerted by human requirements of EU legislation regarding the activities include the following:- minimisation of waste, and reduction in amounts be sent to landfill. As can be seen from the table  Sewage and other effluents discharged to above, progress is being achieved however waters from point sources such as treatment additional measures must be implemented. plants;  Discharges from diffuse or dispersed Issues which require further tackling include activities on land; those of illegal dumping and litter, specifically in  Abstractions from waters; areas of high amenity and the Dublin Mountains.  Structural alterations to water bodies. Continued monitoring and remediation of the 66 no. sites of concern within the County is of high A point source pressure has a recognisable and priority. Rates of recycling of construction waste specific location at which pollution may originate. could also be improved. Examples of significant point source pressures include direct discharges from waste water 3.6.5 Evolution of Waste Management in the treatment plants, licensed discharges from Absence of a County Development Plan. industrial activities, landfills, contaminated lands (e.g. disused gas works), quarries and mines. Collection of waste and the achievement of targets regarding recycling would be made more A diffuse source pressure, unlike a point source, difficult due to the more dispersed nature of is not restricted to an individual point or location. development within the county. It is probable that The source of a diffuse pressure can be quite more illegal dumping would take place in the extensive. Significant examples of diffuse mountains, and within the degraded urban-rural pressures include runoff from forestry and fringe. Regulation and enforcement of the private agricultural lands. sector waste collection would become difficult, while the dispersed nature of development would Excessive abstractions from surface waters and lead to less sustainable recycling through bring groundwater for drinking and industrial purposes centres due to increased distances to facilities. can create pressures on the ability of a water body to maintain both chemical and good ecological status.

South Dublin County Council 40 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Structural alterations such as river straightening; drained by a large river or number of rivers, as construction of embankments, weirs and dams well as associated areas of estuary and coast. The can create conditions such that a water body is no Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), longer able to support the natural ecology which Department of the Environment, Heritage and would have existed prior to such modifications. Local Government, Northern Ireland regulatory These pressures are also referred to as authorities, local authorities and associated morphological pressures. consultancies prepared the Article 5 Characterisation Report for the Irish River Basin 3.7.3 The Water Framework Directive (WFD) Districts.

The key piece of legislation governing water South Dublin lies wholly within the Eastern River quality in Ireland is the European Communities Basin. A characterisation report for this basin was (Water Policy) Regulations 2003 (S.I. 722 of 2003), prepared in September 2005. The Eastern River which transposed Directive 2000/60/EC (the Basin Characterisation report indicates the main Water Framework Directive, (WFD) into Irish law. pressures and threats to the water-bodies in the The WFD sets out that a Member State shall basin achieving the status required under the implement the necessary measures to prevent WFD. Agricultural and wastewater and industrial deterioration of the status of all bodies of surface, discharges have been identified as being the ground estuarine and coastal water, and shall most likely cause of poor water quality in the protect, enhance and restore all bodies of surface Liffey basin catchment area. and ground water with the aim of achieving good ecological status by 2015, 2021 or 2027. South Dublin County Council, as a public body, are 3.7.3.2 WFD Registers of Protected Areas required to co-ordinate their policies and operations to maintain water quality of In response to the requirements of the Water unpolluted water bodies, and improve the status Framework Directive a number of water bodies or of polluted water bodies. parts of water bodies which must have extra controls on their quality by virtue of how their The primary challenge that South Dublin faces waters are used by people and by wildlife have over the next decade is to achieve ‘good water been listed on Registers of Protected Areas status’ for all waters by 2027 as set out in the (RPAs). Water Framework Directive (WFD). The WFD requires that Registers of Protected Monitoring and protection of groundwater is Areas (RPAs) are compiled for a number of water especially important considering drinking water bodies or part of water bodies which must have extraction of groundwater by group water extra controls on their quality by virtue of how schemes and private well. It should be noted that their waters are used by people and by wildlife. there is no group water scheme serving more The WFD requires that these RPAs contain: areas than 50 people in the County, and only 1% from which waters are taken for public or private (approx.) of the drinking water supply in the water supply schemes; designated shellfish County is provided by such schemes. These are production areas; bathing waters; areas which are mostly located in the scattered rural areas, such affected by high levels of substances most as Redgap and Bohernabreena. There is no commonly found in fertilizers, animal and human regular monitoring or sizable historical wastes - these areas are considered nutrient information on private well water quality in the sensitive; areas designated for the protection of County. habitats or species e.g. Salmonid areas; Special Areas of Conservation (SACs); and, Special 3.7.3.1 River Basin Districts and Water Bodies Protection Areas (SPAs).

For the purposes of implementing the WFD, A number of water bodies have been listed on the Ireland has been divided into eight river basin WFD Register of Protected Areas (RPAs) within districts. These comprise areas of land which are

South Dublin County Council 41 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016 the Section 5 of the River Basin Management second cycle is currently underway. The second Plan. These are as follows:- cycle of plans will be adopted in 2017 and will run until 2021. The Eastern River Basin Management  Glenasmole Valley, an SAC, has been listed as Plan plans cover the period 2009 to 2015. a water dependant habitat.  A section of the River Liffey from the M50 to Monitoring and protection of groundwater is Palmerstown has been listed on the RPA for especially important considering drinking water Drinking Water Rivers. extraction of groundwater by group water  A section of the River Dodder from the M50 schemes, although it should be noted that there to Woodview Cottages, Rathfarnham has is no group water scheme serving more than 50 been listed on the RPA for Drinking Water people in the County. Rivers.  A Drinking Water Abstraction (DWA) is 3.7.4 Rivers located in Glenasmole, between the upper and lower reservoirs. For the purposes of assessment under the WFD,  A DWA is located at the northern-eastern three main rivers drain lands in South Dublin. edge of the Leixlip Reservoir. These are the Liffey, Dodder and Camac. The Liffey source is located in Wicklow. The river drains lands in Wicklow, Kildare, South Dublin, 3.7.3.3 River Basin Management Plan Fingal and Dublin City. The Dodder source is located just inside Wicklow, and drains lands in For the purpose of implementing the WFD, South Dublin Dun Laoghaire–Rathdown and Ireland has been divided into eight river basin Dublin City. The source of the Camac is in South districts or areas of land that are drained by a Dublin; it also drains lands in Dublin City. large river or number of rivers and the adjacent estuarine/coastal areas. South Dublin is lies The Liffey, Dodder and Camac are monitored by wholly within the Eastern River Basin. The the EPA and South Dublin County Council. There Directive requires that management plans be are three stations monitoring the Camac, four prepared on a river basin basis and specifies a monitoring the Dodder and five monitoring the structured approach to developing those Liffey within South Dublin. The most recent13 plans. The management plan proposes a water quality data indicates the quality of water programme of protection and improvement of in the south Dublin sections of the Liffey as being waters in the County with the aim of achieving the poor (Q3), Dodder as ranging from high to poor required status of the WFD. The first cycle of River status (Q4-5, Q4, Q3-4 and Q3) and Camac (Q3) Basin Management Plans for Ireland was as being poor status14 published in July 2010 and planning for the

13 EPA (2010) Water Quality in Ireland 2007-2009 Wexford: of high biodiversity and unpolluted waters, Good status as EPA defined by the Water Framework Directive equates to 14 The Biotic Index values, are assigned to rivers in approximately Q4 in the national scheme of biological accordance with biological monitoring of surface waters – low classification of rivers as set out by the EPA. Q ratings, such as Q1, are indicative of low biodiversity and polluted waters, and high Q ratings, such as Q5, are indicative

South Dublin County Council 42 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Figure 3.10’Q’ Values at Monitoring Stations along Liffey, Camac and Dodder within South Dublin County

South Dublin County Council 43 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Groundwater quality is protected under the 3.7.5 Groundwater Productivity and European Communities Environmental Objectives Vulnerabilty Groundwater Regulations 2010, (S.I. No. 9 of 2010), which gives effect to the requirements of The Geological Survey of Ireland (GSI) rates the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC), and groundwaters according to both their the Groundwater Directive productivity and vulnerability to pollution. Groundwater Vulnerability is a term used to (2008/118/EC). These regulations established represent the intrinsic geological and environmental objectives to be achieved in hydrogeological characteristics that determine groundwater bodies, groundwater quality the ease with which groundwater may be standards and threshold values for the contaminated by human activities. classification of groundwater and the protection of groundwater against pollution and Groundwater vulnerability maps are based on the deterioration in groundwater quality. type and thicknesses of subsoils (sands, gravels, glacial tills (or boulder clays), peat, lake and Overall, groundwater in the South Dublin Area alluvial silts and clays), and the presence of karst can be considered to be ‘At risk of not achieving features. Groundwater is most at risk where the good status’ within the northern section of the subsoils are absent or thin and, in areas of karstic County, and ‘Expected to achieve good status’ in limestone, where surface streams sink the southern section of the county. underground at swallow holes. Groundwater Protection Schemes are county Figure 4.18 maps groundwater vulnerability for based schemes undertaken jointly by the GSI and the County. Much of the plan area is classified as each local authority, incorporating land surface being of high vulnerability with certain areas zoning and groundwater protection responses. varying from low to extreme vulnerability. The Geological Survey of Ireland (GSI) has compiled a Groundwater Protection Scheme for Groundwater Productivity rates the value of the South Dublin which includes: groundwater resource. Ireland’s entire land surface is divided into nine aquifer categories. The  Assessment and categorisation of the Plan area is divided into two main classifications vulnerability of Groundwaters. as seen on Figure 4.19. The north west and south  Mapping lands in accordance with their east portions of the Plan area are underlain by a vulnerability categorisation. locally important sand/gravel aquifers this aquifer  Development of Protection Response is capable of yielding enough water to boreholes Matrices. or springs to supply villages, small towns or factories. The remainder of the Plan area is It was stated in the South Dublin County underlain by poor bedrock aquifers, which are Groundwater Protection Scheme Report (2011) generally unproductive except for local zones. carried out by the Geological Survey of Ireland, that approximately two-thirds of the county is classed as having either extreme or high 3.7.5.1 Groundwater and Aquifer Vulnerability groundwater vulnerability. The large areas of extreme vulnerability where rock is generally at or Groundwater (GW) is important as a source of close to the surface, include upland areas which drinking water in Ireland, providing have little existing development or potential for approximately 25% of drinking water nationally. It development, for example the high summits and also has significance in driving the ecology of shoulders of the Dublin Mountains. When these many rivers, lakes and estuaries, especially during are excluded, the proportion of the county’s low-flow periods when groundwater forms a groundwater that is extremely vulnerable is significant part of surface water flows. significantly reduced.

South Dublin County Council 44 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

3.7.6 Transitional Waters

Transitional waters are partly saline bodies of water located at the mouths of rivers. These water bodies have substantial freshwater flows from the river mouth. Transitional waters are considered to be a water body type to be monitored under the WFD. It is noted that there are no transitional waters located within South Dublin. The monitoring and improvement of ground-water, and waters within the Liffey, Dodder and Camac, as they flow through South Dublin will have an improving effect on the transitional waters for the River Liffey and Dodder in Dublin Bay.

3.7.8 Flooding

South Dublin is particularly vulnerable to fluvial and pluvial flooding events which occur as a result of storm events. The Dodder River, due to the short, steep descent between its source in the Wicklow Mountains, and the point at which it flows through built up urban areas, has a history of severe flooding events.

Flooding is also known to occur in several localised areas within the County. These local flooding events are as a result of high inflows of fluvial flooding. Known instances include along the Griffeen River between the Dublin-Kildare railway line and Lucan, the River Camac at Newcastle, and the Tobermaclugg Stream at Adamstown. Flood alleviation works have been undertaken in many of these local flooding areas. Flooding also occurs along the Liffey between Lucan and Palmerstown. The Liffey has a well maintained and undeveloped floodplain between these points.

South Dublin County Council 45 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Figure 3.11 South Dublin Groundwater Area at Risk South Dublin County Council 46 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

3.7.8.1 OPW National Flood Hazard Mapping 3.7.8.2 Strategic Flood Risk Assessment

The Guidelines for Planning Authorities on the South Dublin is susceptible to several types of Planning System and Flood Risk Management flood risk, including: indicate that catchment based Flood-Risk provide the focal point and strategic direction for flood  Fluvial- Flooding occurs when a river risk management in the County. The use of the overtops its banks due to a blockage in planning system is also an integral part of flood the channel or the channel capacity is risk management. exceeded.  Pluvial- Flooding occurs when overland Issues raised in the guidelines include: - flow cannot infiltrate into the ground, when drainage systems exceed their  Need to identify and safeguard flood capacity or are blocked and when the plains; water cannot discharge due to a high  Implementation of Sustainable Drainage water level in the receiving watercourse. Systems;  Flood risk is to be considered in Development Plan SEA documents as a A Strategic Flood Risk Assessment (SFRA) of key environmental criteria. South Dublin County was prepared by  The sequential approach to managing consultants on behalf of SDCC in March 2015 to flood risks utilizing flood zones is to be support this Environmental Report. This undertaken. assessment was carried out in accordance with  A justification test for development the requirements of the Flood Risk Management proposed within zones of flooding Guidelines. The SFRA Report provides a broad probability is to be provided. assessment of flood risk in the County and will inform strategic land-use planning decisions both Within South Dublin at present, the flood relief in this Plan and in other Plans for the County. This scheme for the River Dodder was completed in is a separate document and should be read in 2008. Significant improvement works have been conjunction with the Written Statement and the completed on the dams at Bohernabreena. A Environmental Reports. CFRAMS for the River Liffey is currently underway. In addition, the Liffey is actively managed by the The flood zones extents have been prepared in ESB to control flooding. accordance the Planning System and Flood Risk Assessment Guidelines identifying Flood Zones A, Figure 3.9 below notes the location of localised B and C. The flood zone maps are largely derived flood points as is noted on the OPW National from the draft Eastern CFRAM and the Dodder Flood Mapping Website. These are generally CFRAM mapping. These maps are the most located adjacent to river corridors. The flood comprehensive flood maps produced for South points may be recurring or single events. The map Dublin since the introduction of the Guidelines also utilises a soils mapping system as identified and the Floods Directive. Flood extents for areas on the EPA Envision website in order to identify that are outside of the scope of the CFRAM alluvial soils, in other words, soils deposited from Studies and are supplemented by fluvial mapping a history of flooding. These identify repeated from the earlier OPW Preliminary Flood Risk history of flooding along the Liffey, Dodder, Assessment (PFRA) Report and existing Local Area Upper Camac, Upper Griffeen and Lower Plans. Tobermaclugg Stream. The SFRA identified lands that were at flood risk and required more detailed assessment. A Detailed Flood Risk Assessment report was carried out in relation to Employment zoned lands at Baldonnell. These lands were zoned

South Dublin County Council 47 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016 during the County Development Plan 2010-2016 close to the surface. The sensitivity of these areas process, contrary to the concerns detailed in the could impact on the groundwater within the Strategic Environmental Assessment. Further to county, should inappropriate development be the Detailed Flood Risk Assessment, it was allowed to take place in close proximity to these proposed to rezone this area of land along the N7 locations. to ‘RU’, ‘To protect and improve Rural Amenity and to provide for the development of agriculture’ 15. A number of protected areas are highlighted within South Dublin as part of the River Basin Management Plan for the ERBD. These include 3.7.9 Water Quality Issues: Existing Problems / Natura 2000 sites such as Glenasmole Environmental Considerations Valley/Bohernabreena Reservoirs and areas of drinking water abstraction from lakes and rivers. Under the requirements of the WFD, South Dublin Continual monitoring of sites with IPC/IPPC is expected to identify and manage the waters license is required, as is careful and systematic within the county and ensure that existing and examination of the combined sewer system in proposed development in the County does not affect the achievement of ‘Good’ water status by 3.7.10 Evolution of Water in the Absence of a 2015. The River Basin Management Plan for the County Development Plan ERBD notes the status of the three main rivers in South Dublin, and projects a timeframe of 2027 Based on the current risk assessment - and in the for compliance with the WFD regarding rivers. absence of any intervening measures - none of the water bodies in South Dublin would be likely Groundwater in South Dublin currently meets the to meet their commitments under the WFD. standards of the WFD, however, it is noted in the Greater Dublin Strategic Drainage Study (GDSDS) If new development was not accompanied by that there is a likely possibility of the groundwater appropriate waste water infrastructure /capacity in the urbanised northern section of the county then the likelihood of water bodies in South being at risk from diffuse sources including Dublin achieving WFD commitments would be inadequate urban sewerage systems and point reduced. Significant adverse impacts upon the sources including some contaminated land. This biodiversity and flora and fauna of the County section of the county is classified as being ‘at and wider impacts upon the transitional waters of significant risk’ of failing to achieve the WFDs the Liffey, Dodder and Dublin Bay would be objective of ‘Good’ water status by 2027. The full expected together with significant adverse implementation of the GDSDS, and the impacts upon drinking water supplies and human management proposals within the River Basin health as a result of poor water quality. Flood Management Plan for the ERBD should plains within South Dublin cover a number of ameliorate these issues. Greenfield sites which are likely to come under pressure for development in the future. Should The impact of development and extraction development be permitted on these sites then industries upon groundwater requires the risk of flooding on these and surrounding consideration. Mapping supplied by the sites would be likely to increase. Geological Survey of Ireland indicates a number of areas within the county where bedrock lies

15 The proposal to rezone these lands was rejected by Moneenalion Commons Upper, Baldonnell (See the Elected Members in the preparation of the Draft Development Plan Map”. The Elected Members later Plan. The Employment zoning was retained, subject to voted to materially alter the Draft Plan and change the a Specific Local Objective stating that “To require the zoning to “RU”, as originally detailed in the SFRA. preparation of a site and catchment specific Flood Risk Following public display of the proposed alterations, Assessment and Mitigation Strategy, prepared by a the Elected Members voted to zone the lands EE qualified person(s), to be submitted with any proposal “Enterprise and Employment” and adopted it into the for development on the ‘EE’ zoned lands at Plan in May 2016.

South Dublin County Council 48 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Changes in the occurrence of severe rainfall events as a result of climate change would be likely to increase the occurrence and magnitude of flooding events, especially along the course of the Dodder River.

South Dublin County Council Figure 3.9 Flood Plains and Flooding Instances in South Dublin 49 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

3.8 Air and Climatic Factors There are six regions divided within the Air

Quality Index for Health, with South Dublin 3.8.1 Ambient Air Quality located with the ‘Dublin City’ region and

achieving an air quality rating of ‘3 - Good 3.8.1.1 Introduction and Legislation respectively’.

In order to protect human health, vegetation and The Air Pollution Regulations (2012) were signed ecosystems, EU Directives set down air quality into law by the Minister for Environment, standards in Ireland and the other Member States Community and Local Government on 31st for a wide variety of pollutants. August 2012. One of the key elements of the

regulations has been the designation of new These pollutants are generated through fuel towns as smokeless zones and the expansion of combustion, in space heating, traffic, electricity the ban areas in towns that were previously generation and industry and, in sufficient covered under the old regulations. All of the four amounts, could affect the well-being of the areas local authorities in Dublin have a ban on the sale, inhabitants. The EU Directives include details marketing, distribution and burning of specified regarding how ambient air quality should be fuel i.e. only smokeless fuel allowed monitored, assessed and managed.

The principles to this European approach are set out under the Air Quality Framework Directive

1996 as transposed into Irish law under the

Environmental Protection Agency Act 1992

(Ambient Air Quality Assessment and

Management) Regulations 1999 (SI No. 33 of

1999).

Four daughter Directives lay down limits or thresholds for specific pollutants. The first two of these directives cover: sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter and lead; and, carbon monoxide and benzene.

Two more daughter directives deal with: ozone; and polyaromatic hydrocarbons, arsenic, nickel, cadmium and mercury in ambient air.

The Environmental Protection Agency recently launched the Air Quality Index for Health (AQIH).

This was developed by the EPA, HSE, Met Éireann and Department of Environment, Community and

Local Government.

The AQIH provides air quality information with health advice for both the general public and people sensitive to air pollution. The index is displayed on a colour-coded map, updated hourly16. The index is based on information from monitoring instruments at representative locations in each region

16 Updated on www.airquality.epa.ie.

South Dublin County Council 50 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Figure 3.10 Location of IPPC Facilities

South Dublin County Council 51 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Figure 3.11 Location of Licensed Waste Facilities and Sevesso Sites South Dublin County Council 52 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

3.8.2 Point Sources for Emissions in Air Directive requires that the prevention of accidents must be planned for, through There are three sources of large scale restriction of land uses proximate to existing industrial and agricultural activities Seveso sites, the planned relocation of such monitored by the EPA. These are Integrated sites, and the siting of new Seveso sites. There Pollution Prevention Control (IPPC) licenses, are three Tier II Seveso sites located within waste licenses and SEVESO licenses or sites. the County. These are located at:- There is a concentration of these activities in the county east of the M50 and just north and  BOC Gases Ireland. Bluebell Industrial south of the Naas Rd. Estate, D12. (Consultation Distance 700 m) IPPC Licenses are issued by the  Irish Distillers Ltd, Robinhood Road, D22 Environmental Protection Agency, and aim to (Consultation Distance 300m) prevent or reduce emissions to air, water and  Tibbett and Britten Group Ireland. land in addition to reducing the production Robinhood Road, D22. (Consultation of waste materiel. Prior to granting the Distance 300 m) license, the EPA must be satisfied that proposed operations will not significantly Figure 3.11 indicates the location of each site. impact upon the environment. There are a These sites are all located in older industrial number of IPPC licensed facilities in the estates in the eastern section of the County. County. These facilities (noted in fig. 3.19 The size of the safety buffer around each below) are mostly located in industrial estates SEVESO plant depends on the nature and at the eastern boundary of the county with scale of activity on the site. Dublin City, in the industrial estates around Tallaght, or in Grange Castle Business Park. 3.8.3 Climatic Factors

Licensed Waste Facilities (LWF) generally The key issue involving the assessment of the include landfills, transfer stations, hazardous effects of implementing the plan on climatic waste disposal and recovery activities. In factors relates to greenhouse gas emissions granting a waste license all emissions from arising from transport. It is noted that the the relevant facility are considered. The Plan contains a number of actions which operation of the facility in accordance with respond to potential threats to the conditions of the license should result in environmental components arising from a no environmental pollution being emitted. changing climate. The locations of the LWF within the County are noted in figure 3.20 below. There are 14 Flooding - see Section 4.6.6 - is influenced by no. license holders, most of which are located climatic factors and the implications of in the east of the county. One facility is climate change with regard to flood risk have located in Aghfarrell in the Dublin Mountains. been integrated into the recommendations This area was noted as being environmentally which have been inserted into the Plan. There sensitive to breeding geese in the submission are emerging objectives relating to climate by the NPWS. adaptation and there is likely to be future Guidance for climate change proofing of land The Seveso II or COMAH Directive provides use plan provisions as is flagged in the for the proper and adequate protection of National Climate Change Adaptation people, property and environment in places Framework (DECLG, 2012). Some of these where large amounts of dangerous materials objectives might relate to green are handled or processed. A part of the

South Dublin County Council 53 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016 infrastructure which can achieve synergies Dublin is subject to high levels of noise with regard to the following: pollution.

 Provision of open space amenities; Under EU Directive 2002/49/EC relating to  Sustainable management of water; The Assessment and Management of  Protection and management of Environmental Noise, the four Local biodiversity; Authorities, within the agglomeration of  Protection of cultural heritage; and Dublin(Dublin City Council, Fingal, Dún  Protection of protected landscape Laoghaire-Rathdown and South Dublin sensitivities. County Councils, are required to review and revise, if necessary, ‘Strategic Noise Maps’ Ireland’s emissions profile has changed every 5 years. The first sets of maps were considerably since 1990, with the produced in June 2007. A review was carried contribution from transport more than out by the four Local Authorities within the doubling and the share from agriculture ‘Agglomeration of Dublin’ and this found that reducing since 1998. overall traffic volumes had reduced since 2007. Travel is a source of: 1. Noise; However, due to the re-designation of the 2. Air emissions; and ‘Major Roads’ from more than 6 million 3. Energy use (39% of Total Final Energy vehicle passages per year to more than 3 Consumption in Ireland in 2012 was taken up million vehicle passages per year (from by transport, the largest take up of any approximately 16,438 to 8,219 per day), a sector) decision was made to revise the 2007 road source noise maps in order to produce noise Land-use planning contributes to what maps for June 2012. This resulted in the number formulation of the most recent Noise Action and what extent of journeys occur. By Plan 2013-2018. addressing journey time through land use planning and providing more sustainable As part of the Noise Plan 2008-2013, an modes and levels of mobility, noise and other objective was set to review the Noise Action emissions to air and energy use can be Plan at the end of the five year period. To minimised. Furthermore, by concentrating support this review, a permanent ambient populations, greenfield development - and sound monitoring network was established in its associated impacts - can be minimised and the Dublin area with units set up in each of the cost of service provision can be reduced. the Local Authorities. The noise monitoring network in South Dublin County Council 3.8.4 Noise Pollution and Noise Mapping measures outdoor ambient sound levels, at sites which are representative of typical Noise pollution is considered to be one of the sound levels to which citizens are being most damaging and prevalent forms of exposed. The first three noise monitoring nuisance and pollution within urban areas. units were installed in 2009 with an additional High levels of traffic noise especially can have four locations provided in recent years. The a detrimental effect on the quality of life, and locations are spread throughout the County on human health. A significant minority (2.2% and cover all 4 representative local areas, with of properties, representing approx. 2,141 the locations as follows: persons) of the population of South County  County Hall, Tallaght

South Dublin County Council 54 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

 Tallaght Leisure Centre The 51.5% is broken down as follows:  Deansrath Depot  Esker Parks Depot  49.3% (47,969) of properties are in  St. Columcilles School areas with exposure to low sound  Saggart Parks Depot levels,  Cheeverstown Centre  2.2% (2,141) of properties are exposed to high sound levels. Further expansion of the network is planned over the duration of the current action plan. Applying this to the population, this equates to potential annoyance from high sound In summary, the statistics from this most levels for approximately 5,968 people. recent noise modelling for South Dublin County Council indicate that: - 3.8.5 Air Quality and Noise Pollution Issues.  Of the 265,205 people living in the South Dublin County Council Area, The monitoring by the EPA has indicated that 74% of people are exposed to noise the air pollution elements of concern are levels greater than 55 dB(A) Lden, those related to traffic emissions, while the reducing from 93% in 2008. Noise Mapping as part of the Dublin  The number of people exposed to Agglomeration Action Plan indicated that the desirable night time noise levels traffic congestion and movement were the less than 50 dB(A) has increased from issues of concern regarding noise pollution. 25% The noise mapping would appear to indicate in 2008 to 41% in 2012. that the majority of noise occurs along the  The number of people exposed to national, regional and distributor road the undesirable night time levels network. Areas of impact, or where high above 55 dB(A) has reduced from levels of noise appear to impact upon 43% in 2008 to 29% in 2012 with residential properties should be noted, and about 1% currently exposed to night use made of the recommendations of the time sound levels above 70 dB(A), i.e. Action Plan to remediate these impacts. 1,800 people.  47% of the population are exposed The identification of quiet areas which have to sound levels from traffic sources low noise levels, and maintaining or reducing above the desirable day time level of the existing noise levels, in order to sustain 55 dB(A) with 5% exposed to day quiet areas is also important. Reducing high time sound levels above 70 dB(A), i.e. levels, and maintaining low levels are the 13,100 people. main noise issues facing the development of the county. In the South Dublin County Council area, 51.5% (49,920) of residential properties have Increased amounts of private transport been identified as being noise sensitive, movements are a significant concern within requiring priority action in order to reduce the county. Large amounts of travel takes noise, or to preserve low noise levels in quiet place within and through the county, due to areas. The equivalent percentage in the Noise its location on the routes into and out of Plan 2008 to 2013 was 14.1% (11,870) Dublin City Centre. Lack of sustainable public transport linking settlements within the county has resulted in increased private car trips. Such linkages must be provided before

South Dublin County Council 55 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016 public transport becomes a viable alternative 3.9 Cultural and Material to car trips. Reduction in private car movements will result in a reduction in Assets emissions such as PM10 and NOx. The Cultural and Material Assets of the In terms of the impact of various licensed County may be broken down into a number industrial facilities on future development, of relevant categories. These are:- the development of brownfield sites for mixed use development will need to have Material Assets. regard to any health and safety constraints  Waste Water; imposed by existing industrial uses.  Drinking Water;  Energy Infrastructure; 3.8.6 Evolution of Air Quality and Noise  Transport Infrastructure; Pollution in the Absence of a County Development Plan Cultural Assets.  Architectural Heritage; As was noted earlier, the major increases in  Archaeological Heritage. both air pollutants and noise pollution are as  Cultural/Social Heritage a result of increased transport movements and congestion. Increases in the number of 3.9.1 Waste Water cars using the roads system will offset any gains achieved by more efficient engines or South Dublin County Council operates a technology. Drainage System which comprises approximately 1,200 km of foul and surface The development of high density sites, or the water public sewers. While this system covers densification of existing residential the existing built-up areas, there are also a development which are not served, or will not considerable number of individual septic be adequately served in the near future by tanks servicing housing in the rural and high quality public transport will increase air upland areas. and noise pollution. Dispersed forms of development would increase vehicle usage The treatment of wastewater is governed by and resulting air and noise pollution. the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (91/271/EEC) (amended by Directive In the absence of a County Development 98/15/EEC) transposed into Irish law by the Plan, proposals for the creation of high Urban Waste Water Treatment Regulations quality public transport corridors would be 2001 (SI 254 of 2001) and the Urban Waste more difficult to implement, resulting in delay Water Treatment (Amendment) Regulations and increased transfer to private modes of 2004 (SI 440 of 2004). The Directive aims to transport. Congestion in existing traffic protect the environment from the adverse hotspots would continue, while increased car effects of the wastewater discharges by movements would likely result in additional ensuring that wastewater is appropriately hotspots becoming evident. treated before it is discharged to the environment. The Regulations stipulate that sewage treatment facilities are in place in all towns in the County by 2005. Also, it is noted that the treatment of wastewater is relevant to the Water Framework Directive which requires all public bodies to coordinate their

South Dublin County Council 56 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016 policies and operations so as to maintain the 2. Short term situation: drainage good status of water bodies which are requirements for all anticipated currently unpolluted and bring polluted developments to year 2011; water bodies up to good status by 2027. 3. Long term situation: broad drainage requirements to the year 2031. The increasing use of septic tanks for wastewater treatment in rural and sensitive The GDSDS preferred strategy recommends upland areas may result in non-compliance the following in order to accommodate the with the requirements of the WFD, with future development needs of the Greater specific impact on groundwater and lakes Dublin Area:- such as at Bohernabreena  The expansion of Ringsend WwTw to a PE of 2.14 million. 3.9.1.1 Greater Dublin Strategic Drainage  Upgrade of 9B sewer (serves Study (GDSDS). Clondalkin and Lucan)  Duplication of 9C sewer (serves The preparation of the GDSDS strategy was Blanchardstown and NW Dublin) necessary as the increased levels of  New Orbital Sewer to take loads from development since the 1990s in Dublin 9B, 9C, Dodder Valley System in resulted in significant demands on the South Dublin and deliver to new existing drainage infrastructure. Deficiencies regional WwTW in Northern Greater in the existing regional system were evident Dublin Area. from a marked deterioration in water quality, increased risk of flooding, and concerns that Development permitted under the proposed the drainage system and wastewater plan will only be permitted to match the treatment infrastructure have insufficient capacity of Wastewater Treatment capacity to meet future demands17. The Infrastructure in the GDA. This will be in provision of adequate wastewater collection compliance with the Wastewater Treatment and treatment is required by numerous Directive, and avoid adverse effects on the national and European legislative instruments Dublin Bay Natura 2000 site. The GDSDS has and is a key deliverable in meeting the anticipated and makes provision for the requirements of the Water Framework growth of the County, and will ensure Directive (2000/60/EC) adequate infrastructure is in place to avoid such adverse effects. The SEA for the GDSDS, completed in May 2008, identified 16 alternatives for the A series of policies were drawn up in five key development of a sustainable drainage areas as part of The Greater Dublin Strategic system for the Greater Dublin Region. The Drainage Study following a review of local study examined the infrastructural authority drainage practices. The policies are requirements to the year 2031 in three time in the areas of:- frames. 1. Drainage requirements for all • New Development developments to year 2002 (Study • Environmental Management Baseline Year) • Climate Change • Inflow/ Infiltration and Exfiltration • Basements

17 P1. Final Report for the SEA for the Greater Dublin Strategic Drainage Study-Non Technical Summary

South Dublin County Council 57 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

human health and maintain the quality of The policies have been incorporated in to the coastal waters. Development Plans of the Local Authorities. A set of detailed technical documents has been prepared to effect the implementation of these policies. Implementation of these policies is vital to ensuring the ongoing sustainable development of the Greater Dublin Region.

3.9.2 Water Services

3.9.2.1 Irish Water

Since January 2014 South Dublin County Council no longer has any direct control in relation to the provision of water or waste water services. The delivery, integration and implementation of strategic water and waste water projects and infrastructural improvements are now the responsibility of the newly established State body ‘Irish Water’. The Council commit to working closely with Irish Water to ensure that the Plan continues to align with both the National Spatial Strategy and the Regional Planning Guidelines and that the provision of water/waste water services will not be a limiting factor in terms of forecasted growth.

The function and role of Irish Water includes:  Abstracting and treating water;  Delivering water and waste water services to homes and businesses;  Installing water meters and billing domestic and business customers;  Raising finance to fund improvements and repairs in the water system; and  Maintaining and operating the water system.

The upgrading of the infrastructure will contribute towards compliance with the Water Framework Directive, EU Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive and Drinking Water Regulations and will help to protect

South Dublin County Council 58 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Figure 3.12 South Dublin Main Trunk Sewer Network

South Dublin County Council 59 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

3.9.2.2 Drinking Water- Existing and the national average and the quality of water Future Water Supply in South Dublin was in general good. Compliance with the microbiological, Most of the treated water supply in South chemical and indicator parametric18 values Dublin County is currently supplied from was good. The County Council continually Dublin City Council via the Belgard Reservoir. monitor of all known waste depository sites The Lucan/ Palmerstown Water Supply in the County in order to preserve sources of Scheme in the north and west of the County drinking water from contamination. and the Boherboy Water Supply Scheme in the south of the County added two new Compliance with the EPA requirements to storage reservoirs in the County. The net actively manage risks identified in relevant effect of the two schemes was to reduce the catchments and continually assess the quality area supplied from the Belgard Reservoir and of the source water is required in order to improve the security of supply in the whole ensure that treatment at plants is optimised. County. A new strategic main from Saggart to Leixlip is also to be provided under the 3.9.3 Transport Infrastructure current Irish Water investment plan. 3.9.3.1 Public Transport 3.9.2.3 Monitoring Until recently, buses have been the Under Section 58 of the Environmental predominant form of public transport in Protection Agency Act 1992 the EPA is South Dublin. Significant progress has been required to collect and verify monitoring made in the last ten years in relation to the results for all water supplies in Ireland provision of rail transport in the County. covered by the European Communities Major projects include the Luas Red Line, and (Drinking Water) Regulations, 2000. The EPA Adamstown train station. The latter has been publishes their results in annual reports which developed as part of the Kildare Route are supported by Remedial Action Lists Project which also duplicated the rail line and (RALs). The RAL identifies water supplies introduced a new series of suburban which are not in compliance with the commuter rail stations including Kishogue Regulations mentioned above. and Fonthill. Future public transport projects include the Phoenix Park Rail Tunnel which The EPA Provision and Quality of Drinking will bring commuter train services directly Water in Ireland Report (2013) indicate that from the Kildare Line into Dublin City Centre South Dublin has exceeded the monitoring by 2016. requirements as required by the European Communities (Drinking Water) Regulations In 2006, South Dublin County had the lowest (No.2), 2007. percentage of people in the Dublin area travelling to work or school by train, Dart or 3.9.2.4 Compliance Luas. The percentage is surprisingly low given that the Luas red line to Tallaght commenced The overall rate of compliance with water operation in Autumn 2004. In the 2011 standards in South Dublin, 100%, was above Census, travelling by car to work/school

18 Microbiological Pollution = Presence of Bacteria, Indicator parameters = standards related to acceptability generally a sign of faecal pollution; Chemical Pollution = of water aesthetically and taste wise for consumers; either high levels of natural metals from soils, improperly these are sometimes used as per-indicators for potential used chemicals at treatment plant stage, or point source issues. pollution from septic tanks, industry outfall pipes etc.

South Dublin County Council 60 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016 remained the most popular means of of the stop. Connectivity issues also affect transport. It is noted however that the 2011 cyclists. Census pre-dates new services such as the Red Line extension to Saggart or Real Time Passenger Information. 3.9.4.2 Aerodromes

The four tracking of the Kildare Route, which It is noted that two major aerodromes are has been completed and the provision of the located within the County. Baldonnell Phoenix Park Rail Tunnel will greatly increase (Military) and Weston (Private Civilian) are capacity and service by train in South Dublin. located on the western sections of the These infrastructure projects are critical for County. Aerodromes, by their very nature the future development of the County as they create a number of environmental issues. will allow a significant modal shift from These issues include noise, hours of private car to train. These projects will have a operation, and danger of impact, all of which significant impact on the development plan require mitigation, which can often be with far reaching influence on any proposed restrictive on the aerodrome as well as on overall strategy for the county. adjoining lands. Such mitigation includes the need to avoid bird-strike, creation of inner Access to transport is an issue for rural parts and outer noise zones, reduced building of the county. Urban generated housing height or no-building zones. means that many of those residing in rural areas commute by car to urban areas for 3.9.4.3 Major Roads work. South Dublin is serviced by 847 km of Roads Public transport connectivity in the County is in total categorised as follows: exclusively between the county towns and districts and Dublin City Centre. No orbital  55 km National Roads routes of substance currently exist between  103 km Regional Roads the population centres in South Dublin, or in  689 km Local Roads. the adjoining Counties of Dun Laoghaire- Rathdown, or Fingal. This lack of connectivity Two national primary routes the N4 and N7 with high quality, high frequency transport traverse the county, and the busiest stretch of along the routes of greatest potential road in the country - the M50 between the demand is a significant inhibitor to public Red Cow junction and the junction with the transport use, and human wellbeing within N4 is also in the county. A critical issue is that the County. much of the traffic on these arteries is passing through and not stopping in the county. However, Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) has Additional issues include a lack of emerged in recent years as an effective cost connectivity within the County both for soft efficient method of public transport and one and hard transport methods. The lack of that is being developed by the National connectivity reduces accessibility in terms of Transport Authority. There are currently three walking and cycling, increasing the amount of proposed corridors- Dublin City Centre, internalised car journeys which have to be Blanchardstown to UCD, Clongriffin to taken for trips to school, shops, etc, and Tallaght and Swords to the City Centre. increasing potential for conflict with national Additional public transport issues include a and regional traffic. lack of connectivity or direct access to public transport stops, which reduces the walkband

South Dublin County Council 61 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

With respect to major roads a number of Bohernabreena to Grand Canal Square. In significant improvements have been made in 2014, a section of this route in Dodder Valley recent years including:- Park was constructed with the remainder of the route progressing at varying stages. This  The completion of the Outer Ring riverside route has potential for Road linking Lucan with Tallaght; environmental, social, economic, and tourist  The continued upgrading of the M50 benefit, passing en-route so many of the including the Red Cow roundabout; older villages and parks of Dublin with a  Newlands Cross Junction Upgrade wealth of social, historic, cultural, (incorporating flyover); environmental and built heritage.  Future improvement to the N81. A strategic route was completed in 2011 with 3.9.4.4 Cycle Route Network the extension of the Grand Canal Green Route to Adamstown and Griffeen Avenue. Since 2011, the NTA has funded work on a The route provides 2.5km of cycle/pedestrian range of permeability projects in South paths and a new canal over bridge. Dublin County Council (SDCC) under Sustainable Transport Measures Grants 3.9.5 Material Assets Issues. Existing scheme. In 2011, two projects progressed to Problems / Environmental Considerations construction; the Corkagh Park to Clondalkin link and Knocklyon Local Centre link via It is considered that the completion of the Dargle Wood. The permeability projects GDSDS will resolve the majority of issues undertaken in 2011 proved a catalyst for regarding WwTw constraints up to 2031. This future projects of this nature and South will allow for waste water treatment capable Dublin County Council expanded the project of serving sustainable and in some instances, programme with a number of new appropriate higher density development of permeability projects undertaken across the the county, without any negative impact on County. the WFD. Notwithstanding the increased capacity of the WwTw for the County, In December 2013, the Greater Dublin Area sustainable development along high quality (GDA) Cycle Network Plan was published. public transport corridors should form the SDCC was a central stakeholder in the cycle basis for growth over the period of the analysis for the Greater Dublin Area. The aim Proposed Plan. Issues relating to increased of the Plan was to identify and prioritise septic tank usage in rural and sensitive opportunities for investment in the cycle upland areas may impact on the ability of network. rivers, groundwaters and lakes in South Dublin meeting targets for ‘Good’ water As part of the development of the regional status under the Water Framework Directive. cycle network plan for the GDA; funding was secured from the NTA for the design of As has been noted previously within the routes in South Dublin including strategic baseline, the County lacks high quality public routes from; Tallaght to Ballyboden, linking to transport connecting the main towns and Dun Laoghaire Rathdown; from Tallaght to places of employment to each other. This Templeogue, linking to Dublin City and along negatively impacts on the use of public the Dodder river to the city. The Dodder route transport as a mode of transport within the developed into a feasibility study for an county. There are a number of high quality international grade Greenway route along public transport links into Dublin City. As a the length of the Dodder from result of the poor linkages afforded by public

South Dublin County Council 62 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016 transport, car travel within the county is high, longer term if development is not serviced by and has increased over the period of the these projects. existing plan. Additional roads have been constructed or widened in order to 3.9.7 Cultural Assets accommodate increased traffic flows. Journeys beginning and ending outside the Heritage, by definition, means inherited county are a significant issue, resulting in properties, inherited characteristics and noise, emissions, congestion and expenditure anything transmitted by past ages and without any benefit for the county. ancestors. It covers everything, from objects and buildings, to the environment. Cultural The need to increase the use of existing heritage includes physical buildings, public transport, and provide for additional structures and objects complete or in part, systems to accommodate existing and future which have been left on the landscape by growth of the county is a pressing priority. previous and indeed current generations. Increasing the amount of pedestrian and cyclist movements is also a significant In protecting the built heritage of South challenge. Dublin, an insight into the pattern of social and economic development of the county is 3.9.6 Evolution of Material Assets in the preserved. South Dublin benefits from a large Absence of a County Development Plan and varied array of built heritage across the county ranging from grand houses, In the absence of a County Development demesnes and ecclesiastical architecture to Plan, there would be no framework for the the cottages of industrial workers and efficient development of the required waste industrial buildings, public buildings such as and drinking water infrastructure within the schools, libraries and courthouses, structures county. Energy networks to serve new and associated with railways, canals, spas and existing development would suffer from a items of local architectural importance such lack of certainty, leading to inefficient as milestones and water pumps. distribution networks. Usage of combined heat and power energy networks would not The heritage assets which South Dublin be as effective, without effective critical mass possesses are a reminder of the of guided development. predominantly rural history of the County. These structures and objects store the folk While the development of the GDSDS and the memory of the rural villages, such as Greater Dublin Water Supply-Major Source Clondalkin, Lucan and Tallaght, now Development project would undoubtedly subsumed within the Dublin Metropolitan proceed, a lack of control over development area. Additionally, preserved buildings, locations could lead to difficulties in remnant agricultural farm buildings and implementing or connecting sections of the ancient walls and field systems also help county to the new network without incurring acknowledge the recent past in places such excessive cost. The lack of guidance as Saggart, Newcastle and Rathcoole, which regarding efficient use of capital are now subject to urban development infrastructure and the location of pressure. The built form, materials and development would not allow for the most construction methods of older buildings help effective use of these long term infrastructure to illustrate to inhabitants of South Dublin the projects. Adverse impacts upon human continuity and adaptation of County both health, biodiversity and drinking water economically and socially. supplies could be expected in the medium to

South Dublin County Council 63 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

The County Development Plan 2010-2016, in 3.9.7.1 Architectural Heritage line with the Planning and Development Act 2000, as amended and Government Policy The Architectural Heritage (National seeks to protect and conserve buildings, Inventory) and Historic Monuments Act 1999 areas, structures and features of special defined architectural heritage as being all architectural, historical, archaeological, ‘structures and buildings together with their artistic, cultural, scientific, social or technical settings and attendant grounds, fixtures and interest. fittings; groups of structures and buildings; and, sites which are of technical, historical, The most important items of archaeological archaeological, artistic, cultural, scientific or and architectural heritage in the county are social interest. The Planning and recorded under Schedule 1- the Record of Development Act 2000 as amended, provides Monuments and Places, and Schedule 2- the for a number of methods of preservation of Record of Protected Structures, of the current such structures. These include the Record of Development Plan. Protected Structures (RPS) and the designation of Architectural Conservation South Dublin County Council commissioned Areas (ACA). an independent review of the RPS, with a view to identifying structures that merit addition The County Development Plan 2010-2016 or deletion. The RPS Review is a separate designated five Architectural Conservation document to be read in parallel with the Areas (ACA), indicating the locations where County Development plan. many clusters of protected structures were to be found. It should be noted that not all There are 470 no. structures listed on the RPS. buildings or structures within an ACA are This includes a total of 20 no. additions to the contained within the RPS. The ACAs also offer Record of Protected Structures and a total of protection to surrounding structures which 94 no. deletions. Of the proposed deletions, combine to create a specific character, street 88 no. deletions relate to structures that are pattern or layout which is worthy of now within Architectural Conservation Areas. recognition. The statutory protection afforded by this designation is considered to offer a high level South Dublin County Council commissioned of protection to the exterior of these an independent assessment of potential structures, which is the primary area of ACAs, that comprised areas in South Dublin interest, while offering more flexibility to that were considered to exhibit distinct owners and occupiers, particularly in relation character and qualities based on their built to the carrying out of works to the interior of form and layout. It resulted in an increase the the structures. number of ACAs within the County from 5 to 12 and to extend the Lucan ACA based on the Where a structure is protected under the RPS, assessments undertaken. The ACA’s are listed the protection includes (unless otherwise in the table below. stated) the structure, its interior and the land within its curtilage and other structures within that curtilage (including their interiors) and all fixtures and features which form part of the interior or exterior of all these structures.

South Dublin County Council 64 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

1. Rathcoole Village 2. Newcastle Village In addition to these identified areas, 3. Riverside Cottages, Templeogue numerous additional structures worthy of 4. Saint Patrick’s Cottages, Grange Road, preservation are located throughout the Rathfarnham county, many relating directly to the pastoral 5. Whitechurch Road and Taylor’s Lane rural condition of the county up until recent Cottages, Rathfarnham times. Such buildings or structures are noted 6. Lucan Village within the RPS. Protected Structures are 7. Balrothery Cottages, Tallaght defined as structures, or parts of structures 8. Boden Village Cottages, Ballyboden that are of special interest from an 9. Clondalkin Village architectural, historical, archaeological, 10. Palmerstown Lower - Mill Complex artistic, cultural, scientific, social or technical 11. Rathfarnham Village including point of view. Willbrook 12. Tallaght Village These include a fine stock of country houses, Table 3.9 Architectural Conservation Areas villas, gate lodges, stables and outhouses, artisan cottages, vernacular longhouses, roadside public houses, pumps, bridges, milestones, gate piers and other structures th th dating from the 17 to 20 centuries. Many other buildings and structures predating these times, such as round towers, standing stones, burial chambers, tower-houses and churches are also contained within the Record of Protected Structures.

South Dublin County Council 65 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Figure 3.13 Protected Structures and Architectural Conservation Areas

South Dublin County Council 66 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Figure 3.14 Record of Monuments and Places and Areas of Archaeological Potential

South Dublin County Council 67 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

foothills, and have been preserved due to lack 3.9.7.2 Archaeological Heritage of development pressure and non-intensive farming methods. The instances of such sites There are six extensive zones of within the urban fabric, but outside of the Archaeological Potential in the county older villages of the county are not as located at Tallaght, Newcastle, Clondalkin, numerous, though no less important. Such Lucan, Saggart and Rathcoole. sites are also less prevalent in rural areas Archaeological Heritage is evident within the north of the N7. An exception to this is the county in a number of ways. Perhaps the village of Newcastle which has a pattern of most visible examples are the street patterns such sites. which remain in the monastic settlements of Clondalkin and Tallaght. These street Several examples of Industrial Heritage also patterns, which show the pattern of the exist within the Record of Monuments and defensive walls surrounding the ecclesiastic Places and the Register of Protected buildings, have been preserved in the built Structures. Sites in Rathfarnham and form that can be seen today. Templeogue denote the industrial uses associated with the fast flowing Dodder River, Medieval village settlement patterns are while structures located along the Liffey and evident in Newcastle, where a well preserved Camac indicate mill uses and managed layout of a manor village with adjacent fisheries. The Grand Canal, which runs Rundale field systems is still evident. through the length of the county, is a superb Preservation of the monastic village street example of industrial heritage. patterns should be a priority, while the uniqueness of Newcastle Village should be 3.9.8 Cultural Assets Issues recognised, and impacts of future development on the village and In certain locations within the county, a high associated Rundale system thoroughly concentration of archaeological and investigated. protected structures are evident. In certain circumstances, such as at Newcastle in There are numerous buried archaeological particular, the village is intrinsically linked monuments within the county. These are with the surrounding landscape, both designated within the Record of Monuments through historical field pattern, as well as the and Places (RMP) (See Figure 3.13) and may number of noted sites on the Record of have been levelled through agricultural Monuments and Places. Due to the sensitivity activity. These monuments or places may of the Newcastle area, and its uniqueness in only exist as cropmarks, but are to be the context of South Dublin as a relatively afforded protection nonetheless. Buried intact example of a medieval manor village, archaeology may also be present within the development in the village and surrounding zones of archaeological protection, and all area should be assessed in order to indicate effort must be made to assess such zones any negative conservation and prior to development taking place. archaeological impacts on the village and surrounding landscape. Areas associated with Other areas of archaeological potential the village which may be sensitive to include prehistoric monuments and sites, development require identification. Such church sites, burial ground, holy wells and areas could be noted in the Heritage Plan for medieval structures. Many of these sites, South Dublin. especially those dating from the pre-Christian era, are located in the Dublin Mountains and

South Dublin County Council 68 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Other clusters of cultural assets features, being released into the atmosphere. This has aside from the noted ACAs, are the Liffey and resulted in increases in the Earth’s Dodder Valleys, both of which should be temperatures, which in turn is having considered to be landscapes of cultural continuing impacts on landscapes, eco- interest. Both areas are protected at present systems and giving rise to extremes in by restrictive zonings and designations. seasonal weather variations across the globe. Maintaining the character of these areas, It is widely acknowledged that Europe’s through restricting inappropriate future energy network should comprise of a development is of great importance. low carbon energy supply, focused on a range of renewable energy alternatives, smart Architecturally, an issue which has grids and buildings and efficient energy significance for a county with a relatively storage. recent building stock is the ongoing need to continually assess streetscapes and buildings The context for addressing climate change of 20th century construction which may have and energy issues in South Dublin County, are merit in the near future. set within a hierarchy of EU and national legislation and policy. At a European level 3.9.9 Evolution of Cultural Heritage in the these directives include, the EU Climate and Absence of a County Development Plan Energy Package 2008, EU Renewables Directive 2009/28/EC and EU Energy In the absence of a Development Plan, Efficiency Directive 2012/27/EU. The EU protection of buildings and archaeological Climate Change and Energy Package 2008 heritage would still take place due to the resulted in the 2020 EU wide ’20-20-20’ continued protection afforded by the RMP. It energy targets as follows: should be noted however, that development in general would be more widely spread out,  a 20% reduction in EU greenhouse impacting on intact landscapes and gas emissions from 1990 levels; protected structures and their curtilage.  raising the share of EU energy Retention and active use of Protected consumption produced from Structures would probably be less renewable resources to 20%; and widespread, as development incorporating  a 20% improvement in the EU’s the monuments and structures on the RPS energy efficiency. and RMP could not be easily enforced or policed. Under the EU Energy Efficiency Directive 2009/28/EC, each Member State has been 3.10 Climate Change and assigned a legally binding individual Sustainability renewable energy target. The Directive’s target for Ireland is that:

3.10.1 Introduction  16% of the national gross final

consumption of energy will comprise Scientists are 95% certain humans are the renewable energy sources by 2020, ‘dominant cause’ of global warming since the across the electricity, heat and 1950’s (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate transport sectors. Change, Fifth Assessment Report, September

2013). Global dependence on fossil fuels has At a national level the energy targets set out resulted in unprecedented levels of carbon in EU legislation have been translated into the dioxide (CO ) and other greenhouse gases 2 National Renewable Energy Action Plan

South Dublin County Council 69 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

(NREAP) 2010 and the National Energy the potential for individual and cumulative Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP) 2013-2020. environmental effects. Similarly, the Under the NREAP, Ireland plans to achieve performance of components, during the the binding EU 2020 targets by delivering operational stages cannot be seen in approximately 40% energy consumption isolation. Each element of the County is from renewable sources in the electricity linked, as are the implications for sector, 12% in the heat sector and 10% in the environmental performance. It is clear that transport sector. The NEEAP sets out how the continued growth across South Dublin Government aims to deliver a 20% reduction County will require energy to power homes, in energy demand (over average 2001-2005 business and transport needs, over the life of levels) across the whole economy through a the South Dublin County Council range of energy efficiency measures. The Development Plan 2016 – 2022 and beyond. Government believes that the public sector The future of South Dublin County will should lead by example; as such an energy require a reliable, robust and efficient energy demand reduction target of 33% has been system, catering for growth across all sectors. assigned to the public sector. The County should aspire to becoming as carbon neutral as possible and make every Published in January 2015, the Climate Action effort to increase energy efficiency and and Low Carbon Development Bill, 2015 sets unlock renewable energy potential. out the national objective of transitioning to a low carbon, climate resilient and Since being established in 1994, South Dublin environmentally sustainable economy in the County Council has a proven track record in period up to and including the year 2050. In integrating land use and transport planning doing so, it gives a solid statutory foundation to develop sustainable communities, to the institutional arrangements necessary whereby places to live, work and avail of local to enable the State to pursue and achieve a amenities are developed in conjunction with transition to a local carbon economy. the delivery of frequent and reliable public transport. It can be assumed that the fossil Under the National Climate Change fuel import dependency of South Dublin Adaptation Framework and the Planning & County is similar to that of the national Development Act 2000 (as amended), the energy profile. As such, the Council Development Plan is required to contain an recognises energy efficiency and the growth additional mandatory objective for the of renewable energy alternatives as promotion of sustainable settlement and increasingly crucial to the concept and transportation strategies in urban and rural delivery of sustainable communities. areas including the promotion of measures to reduce energy demand and man-made To assist in institutionalising energy as part of greenhouse gas emissions and address the the organisation’s corporate agenda and to necessity for adaptation to climate change, up-skill in energy planning, South Dublin having regard to location, layout and design County Council took part in a pan-European of new development. energy project from May 2011 to November 2013, in partnership with the Town & Country Sustainable development within the County Planning Association (TCPA) and eight other requires an integrated approach regarding local authorities across Europe. The aim of sustainability and environmental the EU Intelligent Energy Europe (IEE) performance. The decisions taken for the supported Leadership for Energy Action & design and management of each component Planning (LEAP) project, was to increase the of the urban and rural system will give rise to ability of participating local authorities to

South Dublin County Council 70 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016 pioneer and promote the use of sustainable transport movements, and the danger posed energy measures and the move towards a low by flooding events, which will occur as a carbon local economy. 19 result of the former. Solutions require reductions in unsustainable transport The main technical output arising from movements, and the amelioration of participation in the LEAP project has been the potential flooding events. preparation of the South Dublin Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP). The South Dublin The manner in which transport movements SEAP analyses the County’s energy can be reduced is tied into the provision of consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) high quality public transport between key emissions using 2006 as a baseline year and locations in South Dublin and into Fingal sets out how South Dublin County can reduce County. At the neighbourhood level, the consumption and CO2 emissions, in line with design and incorporation of walkable and 2020 energy targets, through a range of cycle friendly urban developments is to be energy actions across sectors. The SEAP was accommodated. The preservation, or creation approved by the elected members of South of walking links along the most direct routes Dublin County Council in May 2013 and was within existing urban areas, specifically to verified by the EU Covenant of Mayors – Joint shop, workplaces, schools and public Research Centre in April 2014. transport links, must be given high priority, otherwise trips by car will continue to grow. With regard to further realising the objectives Reducing car movement at the and actions of the South Dublin SEAP, and to neighbourhood level through increasing ease further the integration of energy and spatial of pedestrian movement must be the planning, the Council has prepared a Spatial foundation stone for an overall decrease in Energy Demand Analysis (SEDA) which has emissions. mapped areas of low to high heat density across the residential, commercial and Section 3.7.8 notes the potential for increased municipal sectors and total thermal energy flooding in the County, particularly in and electricity energy demand. This exercise proximity to the Dodder River. has been carried out at a County scale and Accommodation of retention areas for flood has informed the development of energy waters must be considered at this stage, prior policy and objectives of the South Dublin to the onset of major flooding events. In County Council Development Plan 2016 – addition to maintaining green spaces and 2022. Energy character areas across the existing flood plains free from development, County, suitable for renewable energy the requirements of the Dodder River opportunities, such as Low Carbon District CDFRAMS (and the Liffey CFRAMS) must be Heating Areas of Potential, are identified in taken into account. the Spatial Energy Demand Analysis. 3.10.4 Potential Solutions 3.10.3 Existing Problems Sustainable development within the County As has been noted above, the two single requires an integrated approach regarding greatest issues facing South Dublin in relation sustainability and environmental to climate change relate to increased performance. The decisions taken for the amounts of greenhouse gas emissions from design and management of each component

19 Further information on the LEAP project is available at www.leap-eu.org.

South Dublin County Council 71 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016 of the urban and rural system will give rise to as development will be guided to specific the potential for individual and cumulative locations which would facilitate and integrate environmental effects. Similarly, the with such routes. In the absence of a County performance of components, during the Development Plan, such development would operational stages cannot be seen in be less regulated, and could locate in more isolation. Each element of the County is spread out locations, which would work linked, as are the implications for against the further provision of high quality environmental performance. public transport.

At the current implementation level, The lack of a County Development Plan Adamstown and Clonburris SDZ’s are being would also facilitate development based promoted for development, ensuring around existing estate models, providing for development takes place utilising best enclosed unconnected developments which practice which surpasses required Irish would not facilitate pedestrian movement. standards, and sets ambitious yet ultimately This would increase short distance car achievable targets including:- movements to local facilities as well as reducing public transport movement to  Optimising accessibility and workplaces. environmental resources of a strategic location; The full implementation of the Guidelines on  Creating conditions for sustainable Flood Risk Management would not be likely, communities to develop; leading to unsuitable location of  Promoting design excellence at development and poor design for water macro and micro levels; inundation, along with increased areas of  Promoting quality public realm impermeable surfaces. Development along design; river floodplains would be likely to take place,  Providing for citizens, businesses and leading to increased likelihood of flooding in institutions to live and operate the event of high rainfall. Development on sustainably; green spaces and in locations suitable for  Setting out and defining retention areas would be likely, further environmental performance increasing instances of severe flooding in indicators to guide development of South Dublin. the district towards the vision of a sustainable mixed use development.  Promoting optimal energy efficiency and the deployment of renewable energy opportunities at the local community scale.

3.10.5 Evolution of Climate Change in the absence of a County Development Plan.

The County Development Plan will provide for opportunities to develop higher density mixed use sites in proximity to existing high quality public transport. Creation of further high quality public transport routes would be prioritised by the County Development Plan,

South Dublin County Council 72 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

to the Record of Monuments and Places; entries to the Record of Protected; and High 3.11 Overlay Mapping of Sensitivity landscape areas. Environmental Sensitivities • Moderate sensitivity factors are given half 3.11.1 Introduction the weighting of the high sensitivity factors and include surface and groundwater bodies In order to identify where most sensitivities that are probably at significant risk. within the County occur, a number of the environmental sensitivities described above The scale of sensitivity for each area of the were weighted and mapped overlapping County corresponds to the sensitivity factors: each other. 5 points corresponds to one moderate sensitivity factor; 10 points corresponds to Environmental sensitivities are indicated by two moderate sensitivity factors or one high colours which range from extreme sensitivity factor; 20 points corresponds to vulnerability (brown) to high vulnerability four moderate sensitivity factors or two (red) to moderate vulnerability (orange) and moderate sensitivity factors and one high low vulnerability (yellow). Where the sensitivity factor or two high sensitivity mapping shows a concentration of factors (and so on). environmental sensitivities, there is an increased likelihood that development will The scores for each area are added together conflict with these sensitivities and cause in order to determine overall vulnerability as environmental deterioration. This is is shown on Table 3.15. particularly the case where the cumulative development of small-scale projects, such as Sensitivity Values Vulnerability Class rural housing, gradually causes a slow 0 No vulnerability deterioration of a resource, such as water 0 - 9.9 Low quality. 10 - 19.9 Low 20 - 29.9 Moderate Figure 3.14 provides an overlay of 30 - 39.9 Elevated environmental sensitivities in the South 40 - 49.9 High Dublin County Council area. 50 - 64.9 Extreme >65 Acute 3.11.2 Methodology Table 3.15 Overall Vulnerability Classes A weighting system applied through (Environmental Sensitivities) Geographical Information System (GIS) software was used in order to calculate the 3.11.3 Use of the Overlay Mapping vulnerability of all areas in the County. Equal value is given to all environmental Although there are limitations and elements components (landscape, water, biodiversity of subjectivity to the overlaying of etc.) although a distinction is made between sensitivities the overlay mapping was used in the various sensitivity factors of each aspect: order to speedily identify the areas where conflicts between development within the • High sensitivity factors are given a Plan area and environmental sensitivities weighting of 10 points and include: would be likely to occur if unmitigated. ecological designations; surface and groundwater bodies at significant risk; entries

South Dublin County Council 73 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

3.11.4 Quantification of Sensitivities

Table 3.16 quantifies the area of the County Vulnerability Area % of Total which falls under each of the vulnerability Class (Ha) area classifications when all selected factors No vulnerability 5,609.00 25.1% are given equal weighting. It is noted that Low 159.00 0.7% almost half of the County’s area (49%) is Low 5,218.00 23.3% classified, under this weighting system, as Moderate 4,295.00 19.2% being of no or a low vulnerability, 19% as being of moderate vulnerability, 23% being Elevated 5,228.00 23.4% elevated vulnerability with a relatively smaller High 1,646.00 7.4% area (8%) classified as being high or extreme Extreme 193.00 0.9% vulnerability. The most sensitive areas are the Acute 1.00 0.0% Liffey Valley and the Glenasmole areas. 100.0%

3.11.5 Limitations Table 3.16 Quantification of vulnerability areas (Environmental Sensitivities) It is noted that there are elements of subjectivity to the weighting systems used in this section. However, it is also noted that efforts were made to be as objective as possible - for Figure 3.14 each factor was given an equal weighting depending on whether it is a highly or a moderately sensitive factor.

3.11.7 Conclusions

Almost half of the Plan area in South Dublin is identified as being of no or a low vulnerability. Apart from the Liffey Valley, the Dodder Valley, Tallaght and Clondalkin Villages and the western section of the Grand Canal, most of the elevated and high vulnerability areas are south of an east-west line running from Newcastle to Old Bawn to Edmundstown. The most sensitive areas are around the reservoir and the two Special Areas of Conservation in the Glenasmole area.

South Dublin County Council 74 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

South Dublin County Council Figure 3.14 Environment Sensitivity Map of South Dublin County75 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Section 4 Strategic Environmental Objectives

The primary source used in formulating the SEOs 4.1 Introduction was Table 4B of the SEA Guidelines (DEHLG, 2004)20. This list has been amended to give effect Strategic Environmental Objectives (SEOs) are to objectives that are considered relevant to this methodological measures against which the CDP. The use of SEOs, although not a statutory environmental effects of the CDP can be tested. If requirement, does fulfil obligations set out in complied with in full, SEOs would result in an Schedule 2B of the Planning and Development environmentally neutral impact from (Strategic Environmental Assessment) implementation of the plan. The SEOs are set out Regulations 2004 (SI No. 436 of 2004). under a range of topics and are used as standards against which the provisions of the CDP can be evaluated in order to help identify areas in which 4.2 Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna significant adverse impacts are likely to occur, if unmitigated. 4.2.1 International, European and National Strategic Actions SEOs are distinct from the objectives of the CDP - although they will often overlap - and are 4.2.1.1 Habitats Directive 1992 developed from international, national and regional policies which generally govern The European Council Directive on the environmental protection objectives. Such Conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna policies include those of various European and flora (92/43/EEC), referred to as the Habitats Directives which have been transposed into Irish Directive, aims to ensure the conservation of law, all of which are intended to be implemented certain natural habitats and species which are at at county level in South Dublin and integrated favourable conservation status. Article 10 of the into any plan for the County. Habitats Directive recognises the importance of ecological networks as corridors and stepping The SEA Directive requires that the evaluation of stones for wildlife, including for migration, plans be focused upon the relevant aspects of the dispersal and genetic exchange of species of flora environmental characteristics of areas likely to be and fauna. The Directive requires that ecological significantly affected. In compliance with this connectivity and areas of ecological value outside requirement, SEOs have been developed for the the network of designated ecological sites are relevant environmental components of this SEA. maintained and it recognises the need for the Focus has been developed throughout the SEA, management of these areas through land use from the scoping stage to the compilation of the planning and development policies. existing environmental baseline. Most attention has been given to environmental components Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) are which are likely to be impacted as a result of designated and protected under the Habitats implementation of a CDP. Directive 1992 (92/43/EEC) due to their conservation value for habitats and species of A number of SEOs are linked to indicators which importance in the European Union. In Ireland, the can facilitate monitoring the implementation of habitats and species occurring in SACs are the CDP when adopted, as well as to targets protected from the effects of development which the CDP can help work towards. occurring outside their boundaries under Section 18 “Prohibition of works on lands outside a European site” of the European Communities

20 DEHLG (2004) Implementation of SEA Directive (2001/42/EC): Guidelines for Regional Authorities and Planning Authorities Dublin: Government of Ireland.

South Dublin County Council 76 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

(Natural Habitats) Regulations 1997. The 4.2.1.3 European Communities (Birds and Regulations require that where a development is Natural Habitats) Regulations 2011 proposed to be carried out, on any land that is not within a protected site and is liable to have an The European Communities (Birds and Natural adverse impact on the protected site in question, Habitats) Regulations 2011 consolidate the including direct, cumulative and indirect impacts, European Communities (Natural Habitats) an appropriate assessment, which conforms to an Regulations 1997 to 2005 and the European environmental impact assessment, of the likely Communities (Birds and Natural effects of the proposed development on the site Habitats)(Control of Recreational Activities) is undertaken. Depending on the conclusions of Regulations 2010, as well as addressing this assessment such development may be transposition failures identified in the CJEU refused planning permission. judgements.

The Habitats Directive seeks to establish Natura The Regulations have been prepared to address 2000, a network of protected areas throughout several judgments of the Court of Justice of the the EU. It is the responsibility of each member European Union (CJEU) against Ireland, notably state to designate SACs to protect habitats and cases C-418/04 and C-183/05, in respect of failure species, which, together with the SPAs designated to transpose elements of the Birds Directive and under the 1979 Birds Directive, form Natura 2000. the Habitats Directive into Irish law.

4.2.1.2 Birds Directive 1979 4.2.1.4 UN Convention on Biological Diversity The 1979 European Council Directive on the 1992 Conservation of Wild Birds (79/409/EEC), referred The United Nations Convention on Biological to as the Birds Directive, - as well as its amending Diversity 1992 of which Ireland is a signatory acts - seeks to protect, manage and regulate all requires the promotion of the conservation and bird species naturally living in the wild within the sustainable use of biodiversity. European territory of the Member States, including the eggs of these birds, their nests and 4.2.1.5 National Biodiversity Plan 2011 their habitats; and to regulate the exploitation of The preparation and implementation of Ireland’s these species. The Directive places great 2nd National Biodiversity Plan 2011 ‘Actions for emphasis on the protection of habitats for Biodiversity 2011 – 2016’ complies with an endangered as well as migratory species, obligation under the UN Convention on especially through the establishment of a Biological Diversity. The Plan has been developed coherent network of Special Protection Areas in line with the EU and International Biodiversity (SPAs). strategies and policies.

SPAs are protected under the Directive and have The measures Ireland will take are presented as been designated in Ireland by the Department of 102 actions under a series of 7 Strategic Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht due to their Objectives. Some of the actions within the plan conservation value for birds of importance in the are continuing elements of existing work and European Union. The Annexes to the Birds many are requirements under existing EU Directive have been adapted on a number of Directives. The objectives cover the conservation occasions in response to scientific and technical of biodiversity in the wider countryside and in the progress and to the successive enlargements of marine environment, both within and outside the European Union. Directive of 30 November protected areas; the mainstreaming of 2009 on the conservation of wild birds biodiversity across the decision making process in (2009/147/EC) (contains the most up to date the State; the strengthening of the knowledge annexes). base on biodiversity; increasing public awareness

and participation; and Ireland’s contribution to

international biodiversity issues, including North

77 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

South co-ordination on issues of common established at Ramsar in 1971 and ratified by interest Ireland in 1984. The main aim of the Convention is to secure the designation by each contracting state of wetlands in its territory for inclusion in a 4.2.1.6 Wildlife Act 1976 and Wildlife list of wetlands of international importance for (Amendment) Act 2000 waterfowl. This entails the commitment of each contracting state to a policy of protection and The basic designation for wildlife is the Natural management of the designated wetlands, and of Heritage Area (NHA). They cover nationally formulating and implementing planning so as to important semi-natural and natural habitats, promote the conservation of designated landforms or geomorphological features, wildlife wetlands and, as far as possible, the wise use of plant and animal species or a diversity of these wetlands in its territory. natural attributes. Under the Wildlife Amendment 4.2.2 SEOs, Indicators and Targets Act (2000), NHAs are legally protected from damage from the date they are formally The following SEOs, Indicators and Targets have proposed for designation. Proposed NHAs been developed with regard to the County’s (pNHAs) were published on a non-statutory basis environmental baseline and the objectives of the in 1995, but have not since been statutorily above strategic actions. proposed or designated - designation will proceed on a phased basis over the coming years. SEO B1: To avoid loss of habitats, The Planning and Development Act 2000 as geological features, species or amended defines a ‘wildlife site’ as: their sustaining resources in

designated ecological sites (a) an area proposed as a natural heritage area and the subject of a notice made under section Indicator B1: Percentage of habitats and 16(1) of the Wildlife (Amendment) Act 2000, designated ecological sites lost (b) an area designated as or proposed to be as a result of implementation of designated as a natural heritage area by a natural the CDP heritage area order made under section 18 of the

Wildlife (Amendment) Act 2000, Target B1: No losses of habitats, species or (c) a nature reserve established or proposed to be their sustaining resources in established under an establishment order made designated ecological sites as a under section 15 (amended by section 26 of the result of implementation of the Wildlife (Amendment) Act 2000) of the Wildlife CDP Act 1976,

(d) a nature reserve recognised or proposed to be recognised under a recognition 5 order made under section 16 (amended by section 27 of the Wildlife (Amendment) Act 2000) of the Wildlife SEO B2: To avoid significant adverse Act 1976, or impacts, including direct, (e) a refuge for fauna or flora designated or cumulative and indirect impacts, proposed to be designated under a designation to habitats, geological features, order made under section 17 (amended by species or their sustaining section 28 of the Wildlife (Amendment) Act 2000) resources in designated of the Wildlife Act 1976. ecological sites by development within or adjacent to these sites

4.2.1.7 Convention on Wetlands of Indicator B2: Number of significant adverse International Importance impacts, including direct, cumulative and indirect impacts, The Convention of Wetlands of International to habitats, geological features, Importance, especially as Water Fowl Habitat, was

78 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

species or their sustaining more effectively - as promoted by the National resources in designated Spatial Strategy and other high level land use ecological sites by development strategic actions - it is essential to consolidate the within or adjacent to these sites physical growth of the County. Within the County as a result of implementation of this can be achieved through the development of the CDP vacant, derelict and underutilised lands, in particular where they are in close proximity to Target B2: No significant adverse impacts, public transport routes. including direct, cumulative and indirect impacts, to relevant The DEHLG’s Residential Density Guidelines 1999 habitats, geological features, and the DEHLG’s Sustainable Residential species or their sustaining Development in Urban Areas Guidelines 2009 resources in designated recommend planning authorities to promote ecological sites by development higher residential densities, particularly in within or adjacent to these sites redeveloping ‘brownfield’ sites and in proximity as a result of implementation of to town centres and public transport corridors. the CDP The impacts of implementing the County SEO B3: To sustain, enhance or - where Development Plan on both the spatial relevant - prevent the loss of the distribution of population and the nature of County’s primary ecological development (with regard to greenfield and corridors or parts thereof which brownfield development) within South Dublin provide significant connectivity and across the wider region relates to SEO S1 which aims to maximise sustainable brownfield Indicator B3: Area of Biodiversity Network development and minimise the loss of highly (County’s primary ecological productive agricultural soils. corridors) which has been lost without mitigation.21 4.3.2 Human Health

Target B3: No areas of the County’s primary The impact of implementing the CDP on human ecological corridors to be lost health is determined by the impacts which the without mitigation as a result of CDP has upon environmental vectors. Impacts implementation of the CDP which the CDP has upon these vectors are influenced by:

Note: the impact of implementing the CDP on  The extent to which new development is aquatic biodiversity and flora and fauna is accompanied by appropriate influenced by impacts upon the quality of water infrastructure - this relates to SEO M1; bodies which relate to SEOs W1 and W2.  Impacts upon the quality of water bodies - this relates to SEOs W1, W2, and W3; and; 4.3 Population and Human  The interaction between the County’s Health population and the noise generated by the land-uses provided for by the Plan. 4.3.1 Population Emission limits for discharges to air, soil and water are set with regards to internationally In order to promote sustainable development recognised exposure limit values. These are and allow for public transport systems to function

21 These ‘primary ecological corridors’ have yet to be fully will be replaced following the completion of the proposed identified. The baseline section includes a surrogate based on Biodiversity Plan. rivers, streams, lakes, the canal and the railway corridor. This

79 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016 generally set to be many times the safe exposure and diffuse contamination, sealing, compaction, limit - in order to provide protection. In the event decline in biodiversity, salinisation, floods and that a land-use began to have adverse health landslides. Given the importance of soil and the effects on surrounding populations, it is likely that need to prevent further soil degradation, the it would have been identified as being in breach Sixth Environment Action Programme23 called for of such emission standards at a very early stage - the development of a Thematic Strategy on Soil and long before the manifestation of any adverse Protection. The EU thematic strategy for soil health effects in the population. Nonetheless for protection puts forward measures to protect soil the sake of consistency with the requirements of and to preserve its capacity to perform its the SEA Regulations this section includes functions in environmental, economic, social and objectives, indicators and targets for health. cultural terms. The strategy includes setting up a legislative framework for the protection and 4.3.3 SEOs, Indicators and Targets sustainable use of soil, integrating soil protection into national and EU policies, improving knowledge in this area and increasing public SEO HH1: To protect human health from awareness. hazards or nuisances arising from traffic and incompatible To date there is currently no legislation which is land-uses specific to the protection of soil resources. In April 2014, the European Commission took the Indicator HH1: No of occasions that PM10 limits decision to withdraw the proposed for a Soil have been exceeded at Air Framework Directive. The Commission remains Monitoring stations committed to the objective of soil protection but no legislation is presently forthcoming. Indicator HH2: Percentage of population that are exposed to unacceptable levels of traffic noise (to be 4.4.2 SEOs, Indicators and Targets defined22) or the number of noise sensitive locations that The following SEO, Indicators and Targets have have a score where priority been developed with regard to the environmental action is required baseline, the proposed Soil Directive and the land use strategic actions identified under Section 0. Target HH1: Reduce number of people exposed to traffic noise and air SEO S1: To maximise the sustainable re- quality levels which endanger use of brownfield lands, and the health and quality of life existing built environment, rather than developing greenfield lands.

Indicator S1i: Area of brownfield land redeveloped Indicator S1ii Area of Greenfield land 4.4 Soil developed Indicator S1iii Number of contaminated sites 4.4.1 Overview identified and remediated

Soil is potentially subject to a series of threats Target S1i: To fully utilise the available including erosion, decline in organic matter, local brownfield lands

22 As defined by the Dublin Agglomeration Noise Action Plan Parliament and of the Council of 22nd July 2002 2013-2018 laying down the Sixth Community Environment 23 Decision No 1600/2002/EC of the European Action Programme (OJ L 242, 10.9.2002, p. 1).

80 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Target S1ii To ensure sustainable use of give further effect to the WFD, establishing a brownfield sites framework for Community action in the field of Target S1iii To meet national and EU targets water policy and Directive 2006/11/EC on on the recycling of municipal pollution caused by certain dangerous waste and its diversion from substances discharged into the aquatic landfill environment of the Community.

SEO S3: To minimise waste production and The Surface Waters Regulations apply to all reduce the volume of waste to landfill and to surface waters - including lakes, rivers, canals, operate sustainable waste management transitional waters, and coastal waters – and provide, inter alia, for: practices. (S2, an SEO with an objective to reduce contamination and safeguard quantity and quality of soils was excluded because of the absence of adequate information in  The establishment of legally binding the County) quality objectives for all surface waters and environmental quality standards for Indicator S3: Volume of waste recycled and pollutants; volume of waste sent to landfill.  The examination and where appropriate, review of existing discharge Target S3: To meet national and EU targets authorisations by Public Authorities to on the recycling of municipal ensure that the emission limits laid down waste and its diversion from in authorisations support compliance landfill. with the new water quality objectives/standards; 4.5 Water  The classification of surface water bodies by the EPA for the purposes of the Water Framework Directive; 4.5.1 The Water Framework Directive  The establishment of inventories of 2000 priority substances by the EPA, and;  The drawing up of pollution reduction Since 2000, Water Management in the EU has plans by coordinating local authorities (in been directed by the Water Framework Directive consultation with the EPA) to reduce 2000/60/EC (WFD). The WFD has been pollution by priority substances and to transposed into Irish legislation by the European cease and/or phase out discharges, Communities (Water Policy) Regulations 2003 (SI emissions or losses of priority hazardous No. 722 of 2003). The WFD requires that all substances. member states implement the necessary measures to prevent deterioration of the status of In order to satisfy the overall WFD objective of all waters - surface, ground, estuarine and coastal ‘good status’, a surface water body must achieve - and protect, enhance and restore all waters with the requirements of the good ecological and the aim of achieving good status by 2015. chemical status.

The EU’s Common Implementation Strategy 4.5.2 Quality Standards for Surface Guidance Document No. 20 provides guidance on Waters exemptions to the environmental objectives of the Water Framework Directive. The European Communities Environmental Objectives (Surface Waters) Regulations 2009 (SI 4.5.3 Quality Standards and Threshold No. 272 of 2009) is the final major piece of Values for Ground Water legislation needed to support the WFD and gives statutory effect to Directive 2008/105/EC on Detailed provisions to achieve the aims of the environmental quality standards in the field of WFD for ground water have been presented in a water policy. The Surface Waters Regulations also Groundwater Daughter Directive (Directive

81 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

2006/118/EC on the protection of groundwater Mandatory and Guide Values are set out for against pollution and deterioration). bathing waters in the Directive and transposing Regulations. Mandatory Values are values which This Directive sets up environmental objectives of must be observed if the bathing area is to be good groundwater quantitative and chemical deemed compliant with the Directive. status, as well as ensuring a continuity to the 1980 Compliance with Guide Values exceeds guidance Groundwater Directive (Directive 80/68/EEC on with Mandatory Values and can be regarded as the protection of groundwater against pollution quality objectives which bathing sites should caused by dangerous substances) which was endeavour to achieve. repealed under the WFD in 2013. It is noted that while no bathing waters are Article 3 of the 2006 Directive required that the located within South Dublin, cognisance is taken assessment of the chemical status of of the location of such waters within Dublin City groundwater use both quality standards Council boundaries, downstream of South Dublin. identified in Annex I of the Directive and The aim of the proposed Plan is to have no threshold values to be set by individual member deleterious effect on Bathing Waters in Dublin states. City Council administrative area.

Groundwater quality standards are environmental quality standards expressed as the 4.5.5 Flooding concentration of a particular pollutant, group of pollutants or indicator of pollution in 4.5.3.1 Introduction groundwater, which should not be exceeded in The replacing of semi-natural land cover types order to protect human health and the with artificial, more impervious surfaces is likely to environment. Annex I of the Directive sets lead to cumulative increases in run-off and peak standards for two pollutants: Nitrates - 50mg/l - flow conditions in the County’s river bodies. and; Active substances in pesticides24, including These cumulative increases have the potential to their relevant metabolites, degradation and - especially in combination with the occurrence of reaction products - 0,1 μg/l and 0,5 μg/l (total25). severe rainfall events - result in flooding.

Irish groundwater threshold values26 are currently Flooding is an environmental phenomenon in the process of being set by the EPA. which, as well have causing economic and social 4.5.4 Bathing Water impacts, could in certain circumstances pose a risk to human health. The Bathing Water Directive (2006/7/EC) - which 4.5.3.2 EU Floods Directive entered into force in March 2008 - revises the 1976 Bathing Water Directive with the purpose of: European Directive 2007/60/EC on the preserving, protecting and improving the quality assessment and management of flood risks aims of the environment and protecting human health to reduce and manage the risks that floods pose by complementing the Water Framework to human health, the environment, cultural Directive (2000/60/EC). The 2006 Bathing Water heritage and economic activity. The Directive Directive is implemented by the Bathing Water applies to inland waters as well as all coastal Quality Regulations 2008 (SI No. 79) of 2008. waters across the whole territory of the EU.

24 ‘Pesticides’ means plant protection products and biocidal achieve good groundwater chemical status under the WFD. products as defined in Article 2 of Directive 91/414/EEC and Threshold values are required to be established in a way that, in Article 2 of Directive 98/8/EC, respectively. should the monitoring results at a representative monitoring 25 ‘Total’ means the sum of all individual pesticides detected point exceed the thresholds, this will indicate a risk that one and quantified in the monitoring procedure, including their or more of the conditions for good groundwater chemical relevant metabolites, degradation and reaction products. status - with regard to the ability of groundwater to support 26 Threshold values are to be established by Member States human uses and with regard to waters used for the for all pollutants and indicators of pollution which characterise abstraction of drinking water - are not being met. groundwater bodies classified as being at risk of failing to

82 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

The Directive requires Member States to carry out 4.5.4 SEOs, Indicators and Targets a preliminary assessment by 2011 in order to identify the river basins and associated coastal The following SEOs, Indicators and Targets have areas at risk of flooding. For such zones flood risk been developed with regard to South Dublin’s maps are required to be drawn up by 2013. By environmental baseline and the objectives of the 2015 flood risk management plans focused on above strategic actions. prevention, protection and preparedness must be established by 2015. SEO W1: To maintain and improve, where possible, the quality of rivers, The Directive is to be carried out in coordination lakes and surface water. with the Water Framework Directive and flood risk management plans and river basin Indicator W1i: Biotic Quality Rating (Q Value) management plans being coordinated. and Risk Assessment

4.5.3.3 DEHLG/OPW Flood Risk Management Target W1ia: To maintain a biotic quality Guidelines rating of Q4, in line with the In November 2009 the DEHLG published Planning requirement to achieve good Guidelines on the Planning System and Flood Risk water status under the Water Management which are aimed at ensuring a more Framework Directive, by 2015 consistent, rigorous and systematic approach to fully incorporate flood risk assessment and Target W1ib: To improve biotic quality ratings, management into the planning system. where possible, to Q5

The Guidelines require the planning system to, Indicator W1ii: EPA Trophic Status of Lakes among other things:  Avoid development in areas at risk of Target W1iia: To achieve a minimum trophic flooding, particularly flood plains, unless status of mesotrophic, in line there are proven sustainability grounds with the requirement to achieve that justify appropriate development and good water status under the where flood risk can be reduced or WFD, by 2015 managed to an acceptable level, without increasing flood risk elsewhere; Target W1iib: To improve trophic status, where  Adopt a sequential approach to flood risk possible, to oligotrophic management when assessing the location for new development based on SEO W2: To prevent pollution and avoidance, reduction and mitigation of contamination of ground water flood risk; and  Incorporate flood risk assessment into Indicator W2: Groundwater Quality Standards the process of making decisions on and Threshold Values under planning applications and planning Directive 2006/118/EC appeals. Target W2: Compliance with Groundwater 4.5.3.4 Strategic Flood Risk Assessment Quality Standards and Threshold Values under Directive As a companion document to the County 2006/118/EC Development Plan, the Strategic Flood Risk Assessment (SFRA) is provided. This was SEO W3: To prevent development on undertaken by the Council in response to lands which pose - or are likely to requirements contained in the flood risk management guidelines.

83 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

pose in the future - a significant However, the occurrence of traffic congestion and flood risk27 new development means that it is likely that traffic hotspots within the County are likely to Indicator W3: Number of developments have elevated levels of air pollution and noise granted permission on lands levels due to traffic congestion. Traffic hotspots which pose - or are likely to pose are located along the main road routes - in the future - a significant flood especially at intersections - and provide for a risk harsh sensory environment which may impact upon human health. Target W3: Minimise developments granted permission on lands which pose The 2020 EU Effort Sharing target commits - or are likely to pose in the Ireland to reducing emissions from those sectors future - a significant flood risk that are not covered by the Emissions Trading Scheme (e.g. transport, agriculture and residential) to 20% below 2005 levels.

Air and Climatic Factors 4.5.6 Noise 4.5.5 Air Quality, Climatic Factors and Traffic Noise is unwanted sound. It can seriously harm human health and interfere with daily activities at The impact of implementing the Plan on air school, at work, at home and during leisure time. quality and climatic factors will be determined by the impacts which the Plan has upon the Traffic noise harms the health of almost one third greenhouse gas emissions arising from transport of Europeans29. which relate to SEO C1 and C2. The main health risks of noise identified by the Travel is a source of: WHO include: pain and hearing fatigue; hearing 1) Noise; impairment; annoyance; interferences with social 2) Air emissions; and behaviour; interference with speech 3) Energy use (38.8% of Total Final Consumption communication; sleep disturbance and all its in Ireland in 201028 was taken up by transport, the consequences; and performance at work and largest take up of any sector) school.

Land-use planning contributes to the number The Noise Directive - Directive 2002/49/EC and extent of journeys occurring. By addressing relating to the assessment and management of journey time through land use planning, noise environmental noise - is part of an EU strategy and other emissions to air and energy use can be setting out to reduce the number of people minimised. Furthermore, by concentrating affected by noise in the longer term and to populations, Greenfield development - and its provide a framework for developing existing associated impacts – can be minimised and the Community policy on noise reduction from cost of service provision can be reduced source.

Monitored air quality in South Dublin meets The Directive requires competent authorities in current standards and is good relative to built up Member States to: areas located in other European countries.

27Alluvial Soils have been used in the environmental baseline Ireland 1990 – 2010 as a surrogate for ‘Lands which pose - or are likely to pose in 29 World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe the future - a significant flood risk’; These will be replaced by (2003) Technical meeting on exposure-response information from the Dodder and Liffey CFRAMS when this relationships of noise on health 19-21 September 2002 Bonn, information becomes available. Germany Bonn: WHO 28 Sustainable Energy Ireland (2011) Energy in

84 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

 draw up strategic noise maps for major school by public transport or roads, railways, airports and non-mechanical means agglomerations, using harmonised noise indicators30 and use these maps to assess Target C1i: An increase in the percentage of the number of people which may be the population within the County impacted upon as a result of excessive travelling to work or school by noise levels; public transport or non- mechanical means  draw up action plans to reduce noise where necessary and maintain Indicator C1ii32: Average distance travelled to environmental noise quality where it is work or school by the population good; and, of the County

 inform and consult the public about Target C1ii: A decrease in the average noise exposure, its effects, and the distance travelled to work or measures considered to address noise. school by the population of the County The Directive does not set any limit value, nor does it prescribe the measures to be used in the SEO C2: To reduce car dependency within action plans, which remain at the discretion of the the County by way of, inter alia, competent authorities. encouraging modal change from car to more sustainable forms of public transport and 4.5.7 SEOs, Indicators and Targets encouraging development which will not be dependent on private The following SEOs, Indicators and Targets have transport been developed with regard to the environmental baseline description and the objectives of the Indicator C2 Extent of developments built above strategic actions. within areas of high quality public transport accessibility Note that with regard to air quality, climatic factors and traffic, both SEO C1 and C2 enable the Target C2 Majority of development evaluation of the Plan provisions. The indicators permitted in areas of high public accompanying SEO C1 enable the medium and transport accessibility. long term monitoring of the effects arising from Plan implementation, while the indicator accompanying SEO C2 enables the identification 4.6 Material Assets and evaluation of the effects of Plan provisions. 4.6.1 Water Services Act 2007 SEO C1: To minimise increases in travel related greenhouse emissions to Major legislative revisions have been provided for air in the Water Services Act 2007(No. 30 of 2007). The Act incorporates a comprehensive review, Indicator C1i31: Percentage of population within update and consolidation of all existing water the County travelling to work or services legislation, and facilitates the establishment of a comprehensive supervisory regime to ensure compliance with specified performance standards.

30 31 [Lden (day-evening-night equivalent level) and Lnight (night As measured by the Central Statistics Office equivalent level)] 32 As measured by the Central Statistics Office

85 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Appropriate treatment is essential in order to 4.6.2 Water Services Act 2013 meet the requirements of the Water Framework Directive (see Section 3.7.3). The Water Services Act 2013 provides for the establishment of Irish Water as a subsidiary of 4.6.4 Drinking Water Regulations 2007 Bord Gáis Éireann. The Act provides the The European Communities (Drinking Water) Commission for Energy Regulation with a Regulations (No. 2) 2007 require the compliance function to advise the Government in relation to of water intended for human consumption with the development of policy regarding the 48 parameters. Measures have been integrated regulation of the provision of water services. The into the Development Plan in order to help Act provides that the Commission may do all ensure a clean and wholesome water supply. things necessary in preparation for the performance of water regulatory functions and that the Commission may undertake the 4.6.3 SEOs, Indicators and Targets necessary consultations with Bord Gáis Éireann and Irish Water, water services authorities, or any The following SEO’s, Indicator’s and Targets have other person. been developed with regard to South Dublin’s environmental baseline and the objectives of the In the medium-to-long-term Irish Water will above strategic actions. produce and implement a series of 6 year Multi- Annual Capital Investment Plans which will SEO M1: To serve new development synchronise with the 6 year River Basin under the CDP with appropriate Management Plan (RBMP) cycles. The 6 year waste water treatment Capital Investment Plans are to be guided by a 25-year Water Services Strategic Plan (WSSP) Indicator M1: Number of new developments which is required to focus on how capacity granted permission which deficits will be addressed and what the primary cannot be adequately served by strategic objectives of Irish Water are to be. The a public waste water treatment Plan will set strategic objectives taking into plant over the lifetime of the CDP account capacity deficits and demographic and economic trends. Target M1: All new developments to require appropriate waste water 4.6.3 Urban Waste Water Treatment systems. Directive 2001

The treatment of wastewater is governed by the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (91/271/EEC) (amended by Directive 98/15/EEC) transposed into Irish law by the Urban Waste Water Treatment Regulations 2001 (SI 254 of 2001). The Directive aims to protect the environment from the adverse effects of the wastewater discharges by ensuring that wastewater is appropriately treated before it is discharged to the environment. The Regulations stipulate that sewage treatment facilities are in place in all towns by 2005.

86 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

SEO M2: To maintain and improve the archaeological interest which have so far been quality of drinking water supplies. identified.

Indicator M2: Drinking water quality standards, Any works at or in relation to a recorded (Microbiological, Chemical and monument requires two months’ notice to the Indicator parameters) Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government under section 12 of the Target M2: To maintain and improve National Monuments (Amendment) Act, 1994. drinking water quality in South Dublin County to comply with Direct impacts on national monuments in State or requirements of the European Local Authority care or subject to a preservation Communities (Drinking Water) order require the consent of the Minister for the Regulations 2000. Environment, Heritage and Local Government under Section 14 of the National Monuments Act 1930 as amended by Section 5 of the National 4.7 Cultural Heritage Monuments (Amendment) Act 2004.

4.7.1 Archaeological Heritage 4.7.2 Architectural Heritage

4.7.1.1 Valletta Convention 1992 The Record of Protected Structures (RPS) included in the current Development Plan is The European Convention on Protection of the legislated for under Section 51 of the Planning Archaeological Heritage known as the Valletta and Development Act 2000, as amended and Convention of 1992. This was ratified by Ireland in includes structures which form part of the 1997 and requires that appropriate consideration architectural heritage and which are of special be given to archaeological issues at all stages of architectural, historical, archaeological, artistic, the planning and development process. cultural, scientific, social or technical interest. 4.7.1.2 National Heritage Plan for Ireland 2002 Architectural Conservation Areas (ACAs) are places, areas or groups of structures or The core objective of the National Heritage Plan townscapes which are of special architectural, 33 for Ireland 2002 is to protect Ireland’s heritage. historical, archaeological, artistic, cultural, In this regard, the 'polluter pays' principle and the scientific, social or technical interest or value, or precautionary principle are operable. contribute to the appreciation of protected structures, whose character it is an objective to 4.7.1.3 National Monuments Acts preserve in a development plan. The ACA Archaeology in Ireland is protected under the designation requires that planning permission National Monuments Acts 1930 to 2004. must be obtained before significant works can be carried out to the exterior of a structure in the Recorded monuments are protected by inclusion ACA which might alter the character of the on the list and marked on the map which structure or the ACA. comprises the Record of Monuments and Places set out County by County under Section 12 of the 4.7.2.1 Architectural Heritage and Historic National Monuments (Amendment) Act, 1994 by Monuments Act 1999 the Archaeological Survey of Ireland. The The National Inventory of Architectural Heritage definition includes Zones of Archaeological (NIAH) is a state initiative under the Potential in towns and all other monuments of administration of the DEHLG which was established on a statutory basis under the

33 Department of Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the Islands (2002) National Heritage Plan for Ireland Dublin: Government of Ireland

87 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016 provisions of the Architectural Heritage (National SEO CH2: To preserve and protect the Inventory) and Historic Monuments special interest and character of (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1999. Its purpose South Dublin’s architectural is to identify, record, and evaluate the post-1700 heritage with regard to entries to architectural heritage of Ireland, uniformly and the Record of Protected consistently as an aid in the protection and Structures and their context conservation of the built heritage. It is intended within the surrounding that the NIAH provides the basis for the inclusion landscape where relevant of particular structures in the RPS. All RPS entries are entries to the NIAH. Indicator CH2i: Number of unauthorised developments occurring which 4.7.3 SEOs, Indicators and Targets result in physical loss or loss entries to the Record of The following SEOs, Indicators and Targets have Protected Structures and/or their been developed with regard to South Dublin’s context within the surrounding environmental baseline and the above strategic landscape where relevant actions. Indicator CH2ii: Number of additions to the SEO CH1: To protect the archaeological Record of Protected Structures heritage of South Dublin with and the number of additional regard to entries to the Record of ACA’s Monuments and Places - including Zones of Target CH2i: No unauthorised developments Archaeological Potential - and occurring which result in physical the context of the above within loss or loss entries to the Record the surrounding landscape of Protected Structures and/or where relevant their context within the surrounding landscape where Indicator CH1: Number of unauthorised relevant developments occurring which result in full or partial loss to Target CH2ii: Make Additions to the Record of entries to the Record of Protected Structures and make Monuments and Places - additional ACAs, where including Zones of appropriate Archaeological Potential - and the context of the above within 4.8 Landscape the surrounding landscape where relevant 4.8.1 Planning and Development Act Target CH1: No unauthorised developments 2000, as amended occurring which result in full or partial loss to entries to the The Planning and Development Act, 2000, as Record of Monuments and amended requires that a Development Plan shall Places - including Zones of include objectives relating to ‘…. landscape, in Archaeological Potential - and accordance with relevant policies or objectives for the context of the above within the time being of the Government relating to the surrounding landscape providing a framework for identification, where relevant assessment, protection, management and planning of landscapes and developed having regard to the European Landscape Convention.’

88 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

4.8.2 European Landscape Convention 4.8.5 SEOs, Indicators and Targets 2000 The following SEOs, Indicators and Targets have Ireland signed and ratified the European been developed with regard to South Dublin’s Landscape Convention (2000) –also known as the environmental baseline and the above strategic Florence Convention- in 2002 with the action. Convention entering into force in Ireland in 2004. The aims of the Convention include: to conserve SEO L1: To avoid significant adverse impacts on and maintain the significant or characteristic the landscape, landscape features and features of a landscape, justified by its heritage designated scenic routes; especially with regard value derived from its natural configuration to areas of high amenity, the Dublin Mountains and/or from human activity; to harmonise Area, and the Liffey and Dodder Valleys changes in the landscape which are brought about by social, economic and environmental Indicator L1: Number of developments processes, and to enhance landscapes. permitted in the Mountain, High Amenity, Liffey Valley and Rural 4.8.3 National Landscape Strategy Zones.

The National Landscape Strategy for Ireland 2015 Indicator L1 Percentage of developments – 2025 which sets out Ireland’s aims and permitted in the Mountain, High objectives with regard to landscape. The Strategy Amenity, Liffey Valley and Rural contains a commitment to preparing an zones that have carried out overarching National Landscape Character landscaping proposals as Assessment that will be followed by the required by condition of publication of ‘Planning Guidelines on Local planning permission Landscape Character Assessment’. Target L1: No developments permitted which result in avoidable impacts 4.8.4 County Designations on the landscape - especially with regard to the County’s There are a variety of County level designations landscapes which are most which are afforded degrees of protection in the valuable and most sensitive to County Development Plan 2016-2022 including change and protected focal High Amenity Zones and Views and Prospects points and views - resulting from development which is granted permission under the CDP

89 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Figure 4.9 SEO Summary Table SEO SEO Code B1 To avoid loss of habitats, geological features, species or their sustaining resources in designated ecological sites

B2 To avoid significant adverse impacts, including direct, cumulative and indirect impacts, to habitats, geological features, species or their sustaining resources in designated ecological sites by development within or adjacent to these sites

B3 To sustain, enhance or - where relevant - prevent the loss of ecological networks or parts thereof which provide significant connectivity between areas of local biodiversity

HH1 To protect human health from hazards or nuisances arising from traffic and incompatible landuses

S1 To maximise the sustainable re-use of brownfield lands and the existing built environment, rather than developing greenfield lands

S334 To minimise waste production and reduce the volume of waste to landfill and to operate sustainable waste management practices.

W1 To maintain and improve, where possible, the quality of rivers, lakes and surface water

W2 To prevent pollution and contamination of ground water

W3 To prevent development on lands which pose - or are likely to pose in the future – a significant flood risk

C1 To minimise increases in travel related greenhouse emissions to air

C2 To reduce car dependency within the County by way of, inter alia, encouraging modal change from car to more sustainable forms of public transport and encouraging development which will not be dependent on private transport

M1 To serve new development under the CDP with appropriate waste water treatment

M2 To maintain and improve the quality of drinking water supplies

CH1 To protect the archaeological heritage of South Dublin with regard to entries to the Record of Monuments and Places - including Zones of Archaeological Potential - and the context of the above within the surrounding landscape where relevant

CH2 To preserve and protect the special interest and character of South Dublin’s architectural heritage with regard to entries to the Record of Protected Structures, Architectural Conservation Areas, and their context within the surrounding landscape where relevant

L1 To protect and avoid significant adverse impacts on the landscape, landscape features and designated scenic routes; especially with regard to areas of high amenity, the Dublin Mountain Area, and the Liffey and Dodder Valleys

Table 4.1 Strategic Environmental Objectives (SEOs) 35

34 S2, an SEO with an objective to reduce contamination and safeguard quantity and quality of soils was excluded in the 2010-2016 County Development Plan SEA because of the absence of adequate information in the County. There have been no changes to date in this and in the interests of consistency in the SEO’s, the numbering of S1 and S3 will be retained 35 Strategic Environmental Objectives (SEOs) are methodological measures which are developed from international, national and regional policies which generally govern environmental protection objectives and against which the environmental effects of the Draft

90 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Plan can be tested. The SEOs are used as standards against which the development strategies, policies and objectives of the Plan can be evaluated in order to help identify areas in which significant adverse impacts are likely to occur, if unmitigated against.

91 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Section 5 Context for a Development Plan for South Dublin County Council

5.1 Introduction The Written Statement contains the following chapters: Under Section 9 of the Planning and Development Act 2000, as amended, every Chapter 1: Introduction and Core Strategy Planning Authority must make a Development Chapter 2: Housing Plan, setting the framework for all future Chapter 3: Community Infrastructure development in the planning authority’s area for Chapter 4: Economic Development & Tourism the stated period, for the whole functional area of Chapter 5: Urban Centres and Retailing the authority every six years. The plan is required Chapter 6: Transport and Mobility to set out an overall strategy for the proper Chapter 7: Infrastructure and Environmental planning and sustainable development of the Quality area in question. It is in this context that South Chapter 8: Green Infrastructure Dublin County Council - the planning authority Chapter 9: Heritage, Conservation and for the administrative area within the South Landscapes Dublin County boundary - has prepared the Chapter 10: Energy County Development Plan 2016-2022. Chapter 11: Implementation

The Plan will to provide for the proper planning Chapter 1: The Introduction sets out the role of and sustainable development for South Dublin the County Development Plan, its statutory basis for duration of six years from the date on which it and the structure of the Plan. The Core Strategy is adopted, unless amended. sets out an overarching strategy for the spatial development of the County over the medium to The County Development Plan has been prepared longer term and will form the basis for policies in accordance with the requirements and the and objectives throughout the Plan. It translates various provisions of the Planning and the strategic planning framework set out in the Development Act 2000 as amended and the National Spatial Strategy (2002) and the Regional Planning and Development (Strategic Planning Guidelines for the Greater Dublin Area Environmental Assessment Regulations) 2004- (2010), to County level. 2011 and sets out South Dublin County Council’s policies for the sustainable development of the Chapter 2 and Chapter 3: The Housing and County to 2022 and beyond. Community Infrastructure chapters set out policies and objectives in relation to the supply of 5.2 Structure and Content housing and the provision of community infrastructure.

The County Development Plan consists of: Chapter 4 & 5: The Economic Development &

Tourism and Urban Centres & Retailing chapters  The Written Statement; set out policies and objectives in relation to  A series of Supporting Documentation economic development, including enterprise,  A number of Schedules and, tourism and retail development, and the  Maps. development of urban centres

Chapter 6, 7 & 8: The Transport & Mobility,

Infrastructure & Environmental Quality and Green

Infrastructure chapters set out policies and

objectives in relation to infrastructure provision,

92 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016 including transport, water, wastewater, surface urban form for the County. The policies and water, waste, telecommunications and the objectives of the Development Plan are integration of green infrastructure. underpinned by the following overarching considerations: Chapter 9: The Heritage, Conservation and Landscapes chapter sets out policies and (a) Quality of Life, with an emphasis on key objectives in relation to the preservation and economic, environmental, social and cultural protection of built and natural heritage. indicators;

Chapter 10: The Energy chapter sets out policies (b) Prosperity, with an emphasis on and objectives to promote sustainable energy use contributing to a competitive business and support renewable energy. environment that supports economic development, job creation and prosperity for all; Chapter 11: The Development Management objectives and standards to be applied to future (c) Sustainability, with an emphasis on making development proposals in the County are better use of key resources such as land, contained within the Implementation Chapter 11. buildings, water, energy, waste and transport Their purpose is to help guide and assist the infrastructure; formulation of development proposals and to regulate the impact of development on the (d) Health and Wellbeing, by facilitating active environment in pursuance of delivered policies. and healthy lifestyles with increased opportunities for walking, cycling and active sport Supporting Documentation included with the and recreation; Written Statement including the Strategic Environmental Assessment, Appropriate (e) Social Inclusion, with an emphasis on Assessment Stage 1 Screening, Strategic Flood creating socially and physically inclusive Risk Assessment, Landscape Character neighbourhoods, taking account of the Assessment, Reviews of the Archaeological recommendations of The National Disability Potential Areas and Record of Protected Strategy Implementation Plan 2013-3015 and Structures Report and a report on the Geological Inclusion Ireland’s Changing Places campaign; Heritage of South Dublin are all provided as and companion documentation to be read in conjunction with the Written Statement and (f) Climate Change Adaption, with increased Maps of the Development Plan. emphasis on reducing climate change at a local level through settlement and travel patterns, The Schedules include specific items of detail that energy use and protection of green infrastructure. are referenced in or inform the Chapters, such as the Record of Monuments and Places, the Record of Protected Structures, the Housing Strategy and 5.4 Alternatives the Bohernabreena Reservoir and Glenasmole

Valley SAC – Areas of Environmental Sensitivity. Sections 6 and 7 of this report identify, describe

and evaluate different alternative scenarios for The Maps give a graphic representation of the the future development of the Plan area, taking proposals of the Plan, indicating land use zoning into account the relevant land use strategic and other control standards together with various actions; the SEOs identified in Chapter 4 as well objectives of the Council. as the geographical scope of the South Dublin County boundary. 5.3 Vision and Goals The evaluation of the alternatives results in the The core policy aim of this Development Plan is identification of potential impacts and leads to to promote a more consolidated and compact the emergence of a preferred alternative for the

93 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Plan.  Our Sustainable Future: A Framework for Sustainable Development in Ireland 2012 5.5 Interactions with Relevant (2012) Planning Policy  National Heritage Plan (2002)  Actions for Biodiversity, 2011 – 2016 (2011) 5.5.1 Introduction  Towards a Resource Efficient Ireland, A National Strategy to 2020, incorporating The County Development Plan forms part of a Irelands National Waste Prevention hierarchy of plans and strategies that extends Programme (2014) from the EU to national, regional, county and  National Hazardous Waste Management local level. The Plan is informed by a number of Plan, 2014-2020 (2014) higher order plans and strategies such as the  Putting People First Action Programme National Spatial Strategy 2002-2020, the for Effective Local Government (2012) Planning Guidelines for the Greater Dublin Area  The National Action Plan for Social 2010 – 2022 etc. Similarly, the Plan also informs Inclusion 2007-2016 (2007) lower order plans and sets the policy context for  Buildings for Everyone: A Universal other plans, particularly the Local Area Plans. Approach (2012)  National Disability Strategy International Implementation Plan 2013-2015 (2103)  EU Habitats Directive  A Strategy for Public Libraries 2013- 2017  EU Urban Waste Water Directive (2013)  EU Water Framework Directive  Student Accommodation Scheme (2007)  EU Waste Framework Directive  Achieving Effective Workplace Travel  EU Drinking Water Directive Plan Guidance for Local Authorities  EU Bathing Water Directive (2012)  EU Freshwater Fish Directive  National Climate Change Strategy 2007-  EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive 2012 (2007)  EU Floods Directive  National Climate Change Adaptation  EU SEA Directive Framework, Building Resilience to  EU Control of Major Accidents Directive Climate Change (2012)  EU Ambient Air Quality and Cleaner Air  Towards nearly Zero Energy Buildings in for Europe Directive Ireland Planning for 2020 and Beyond  EU - Energy Performance of Building (2012) Directive  Ireland and the Climate Change  EU Energy Efficiency Directive Challenge: Connecting How Much with How To (2012). National  National Energy Efficiency Action Plan  National Spatial Strategy 2002-2020, (NEEAP) (2009) People Places Potential, (2002)  Infrastructure and Capital Investment Regional 2012–2016: Medium Term Exchequer  Regional Planning Guidelines for the Framework (2011) Greater Dublin Area 2010-2022 (2010)  Smarter Travel – A Sustainable Transport  Retail Strategy for the Greater Dublin Future (2009) Area 2008-2016 (2008)  National Cycle Policy Framework 2009-  Greater Dublin Area Draft Transport 2020 (2009) Strategy 2011 – 2030, 2030 Vision (2011)  Construction 2020 A Strategy for a  Integrated Implementation Plan 2013- Renewed Construction Sector (2014) 2018 (2013)  Irish Water Proposed Capital Investment  Greater Dublin Area Cycle Network Plan Plan 2014-2106 (2014) (2013)

94 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

 Planning and Development of Large-  Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Scale, Rail Focussed Residential Areas in Guidance for Consent Authorities Dublin (2013) regarding Sub-Threshold Development  Greater Dublin Strategic Drainage Study (2003) (2005)  Guidelines for Planning Authorities and  Greater Dublin Water Supply Strategic An Bord Pleanála on carrying out Study 1996-2016 (1996) Environmental Impact Assessment (2013)  Eastern River Basin District River Basin  Code of Practice on the Provision of Management Plan 2009-2015 (2010) Schools and the Planning System (2008)  Dublin Mountains Strategic Plan for  “Ready Steady Play! A National Play Development of Outdoor Recreation Policy (2004), 2007-2017 (2007)  Childcare Facilities- Guidelines for  Waste Management Plan for the Dublin Planning Authorities (2001) Region 2005-2010 (2005)  National Childcare Strategy: A Guide for  Air Quality Management Plan for the Providers 2006-2010 (2006) Dublin Region 2009-2012 (2009)  Quarries and Ancillary Activities (2004)  Dublin Agglomeration Environmental  Architectural Heritage Protection. Noise Action Plan December 2013– 2018 Guidelines for Planning Authorities (2013) (2011)  Green City Guidelines (2008)  Framework and Principles for the protection of the Archaeological Ministerial Guidelines Heritage (1999)  Sustainable Residential Development in  Government Policy on Architecture 2009- Urban Areas (2009) 2015: Towards a Sustainable Future:  Urban Design Manual Best Practice Delivering Quality within the Built Guidelines (2009) Environment (2009)  Sustainable Urban Housing: Design  Retail Planning Guidelines for Planning Standards for New Apartments (2015) Authorities (2012)  Delivering Homes, Sustaining  Sustainable Rural Housing Guidelines for Communities (2007) Planning Authorities (2005)  Quality Housing for Sustainable  Development Plans: Guidelines for Communities (2007) Planning Authorities (2007)  The Planning System and Flood Risk  Local Area Plans Guidelines for Local Management (2009) Authorities (2013) and Manual for Local  Irish Design Manual for Urban Roads and Area Plans (2013) Streets (2013)  Wind Energy- Development Guidelines  Spatial Planning and National Roads – for Planning Authorities (2006) Guidelines for Planning Authorities  Telecommunications Antennae and (2012) Support Structures-Guidelines for  National Cycle Manual (2011) Planning Authorities (1996)  A Resource Opportunity Waste  Government Policy Statement on Management Policy in Ireland (2012) ‘Strategic Importance of Transmission  Appropriate Assessment of Plans and and Other Energy Infrastructure’ (2012) Projects in Ireland. Guidelines for  Bio-Energy Action Plan for Ireland (2007) Planning Authorities (2010)  Government White paper ‘Delivering a  Implementation of SEA Directive Sustainable Energy Future for Ireland, (2001/42/EC): Assessment of the Effects Energy Policy Framework 2007-2020’’ of Certain Plans and Programmes on the (2007) Environment, Guidelines for Regional  A National Landscape Strategy for Authorities and Planning Authorities Ireland 2015-2025 (2015) (2004)  Tree Preservation - Guidelines for Planning Authorities (1994)

95 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

5.5.3 National Spatial Strategy Local Documents

The National Spatial Strategy (NSS) 2002-2020 is  Adamstown SDZ Planning Scheme 2003, a 20 year National Plan that sets out a strategy for (amended 2014) balanced Regional development across Ireland  Clonburris SDZ Planning Scheme and and it informs National decisions as to where Local Area Plan , 2008 development (and Government investment)  Fortunestown Local Area Plan, 2012 should take place. The NSS, while acknowledging  Newcastle Local Area Plan, 2012 the Greater Dublin Area (GDA) as the driver of the  Ballycullen-Oldcourt Local Area Plan, national economy, seeks to promote a better 2014 balance of population, jobs and development  Liffey Valley Town Centre Local Area Plan elsewhere in the State. The NSS is now thirteen 2008 (Extended to 2018) years old and is currently under review by the  Tallaght Town Centre Local Area Plan, Department of the Environment, Community, and 2006 (Extended to 2016) Local Government and is likely to be replaced  Clondalkin Framework Plan 2011 during the County Development Plan process.  Naas Road Development Framework

Study 2010

 Lucan Village Design Statement 2007  Towards a Liffey Valley Park 5.5.4 Infrastructure and Capital  Ballyboden Village Plan 2006 Investment 2012-2016  Mill Road, Saggart Area Plan 2008  Glenasmole-Bohernabreena Housing The Infrastructure and Capital Investment Plan Clusters Design Guide 2005 2012-2016 (Medium Term Exchequer Framework)  Killinarden-Kiltipper Action Area Plan succeeded the National Development Plan which 2000 ran from 2007-2010. This Plan was formulated –  Knockmeenagh Framework Plan 2013 at a time of tight fiscal constraints - to assess the capacity of Ireland’s infrastructure and identify 5.5.2 National Development remaining gaps which needed to be addressed to Plan 2007-2013 aid economic recovery, social cohesion and environmental sustainability.

The National Development Plan 2007-2013 (NDP) is designed to underpin the development of a 5.5.5 Regional Planning Guidelines dynamic competitive economy over the period for the Greater Dublin Area 2010- 2007 - 2013. It envisages a total investment of €184 billion over 7 years to ‘secure the further 2022 transformation of our country socially and economically within an environmentally South Dublin is located within the Dublin sustainable framework’. Regional Planning Authority area for which the Regional Planning Guidelines for the Greater The NDP includes a number of strategic Dublin Area (RPGs) have been prepared. objectives for the Southern and Eastern Regions within which South Dublin is located. The Regional Planning Guidelines (RPGs) for the Greater Dublin Area 2010-2022 provide an overall The need for a National Spatial Strategy was spatial policy framework for the GDA to 2022 and formally recognised by the Government with the focus on the physical consolidation of the Dublin publication of the 2000-2006 NDP. Metropolitan Area and the proper integration of land use and transportation to promote more sustainable forms of development across the Region. RPG’s projections for population and housing targets, published in June 2010, suggest

96 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016 that the GDA will grow significantly through both The ERBD Management Plans and associated natural increase and continued in-migration. Up Programmes of Measures include provisions to to 118,000 new houses could be needed across help ensure that water bodies in the district meet the seven GDA Local Authorities by 2022 to cater the objectives of the Water Framework Directive. for the demand generated by the combination of The Plan identifies the status of water bodies population increase and changing household within the RBD and provides objectives in order composition. Substantial retail and commercial to implement the requirements of the Water development and the commensurate delivery of Framework Directive. social and community infrastructure will also be needed to cater for the scale of projected growth. In 2015, a second River Basin Management Plan It is worth noting that these projections were will be published outlining the status of the ERBD prepared prior to the Census in 2011. It should and measures for future management also be noted that the GDA Regional Authority has been replaced by a new Eastern and Midlands 5.5.8 National Catchment Flood Risk Regional Assembly. Assessment and Management Programme

A Catchment Flood Risk Assessment and 5.5.6 Local Area Plans and Other Plans Management (CFRAM) Study is being undertaken for the Eastern River Basin District by the Office of There are a series of Local Area Plans and other Public Works. Framework / Area Plans in the County which are informed by the strategic policies and objectives The national CFRAM programme commenced in of the County Development Plan. These plans Ireland in 2011 and is being overseen by the bring forward the policies of the County Office of Public Works. The CFRAM Programme is Development Plan at a local level and are all in intended to deliver on core components of the conformity with the Plan. These Plans include: National Flood Policy, adopted in 2004, and on  Adamstown SDZ Planning Scheme 2003, the requirements of the EU Floods Directive. The (amended 2014) Programme is being implemented through  Clonburris SDZ Planning Scheme and CFRAM Studies which are being undertaken for Local Area Plan , 2008 each of the six river basin districts in Ireland.  Fortunestown Local Area Plan, 2012  Newcastle Local Area Plan, 2012 The studies are focusing on areas known to have  Ballycullen-Oldcourt Local Area Plan, experienced flooding in the past and areas that 2014 may be subject to flooding in the future either  Liffey Valley Town Centre Local Area Plan due to development pressures or climate change. 2008 (Extended to 2018) In 2015, draft Flood Maps were published. The  Tallaght Town Centre Local Area Plan, final output from the studies will be CFRAM Plans, 2006 (Extended to 2016) to be published in 2017. The Plans will define the current and future flood risk in the River Basin 5.5.7 Eastern River Basin Districts and set out how this risk can be Management Plan managed.

Local Authorities including South Dublin County 5.5.9 Smarter Travel 2009 Council have prepared a River Basin Management Plan and Programme of Measures for the Eastern ‘Smarter Travel’ is the Government's action plan River Basin District (ERBD) 2009-2015 which is to free towns and cities from traffic congestion, implemented in order to help protect and substantially cut CO2 emissions and encourage improve waters in the County and wider River car based commuters to leave their cars at home. Basin Districts. This plan sets out 49individual actions to encourage a shift toward walking, cycling and greater public transport usage. By 2020 the aim is

97 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016 to move 500,000 potential car based commuters habitats and of wild fauna and flora in the to other more sustainable forms of transport and European territory of Member States - and the in doing so, cut CO2 emissions by at least 4 purpose of the Water Framework Directive - million tonnes. The Plan aims to ensure that which is to establish a framework for the electric vehicles account for 10% of all vehicles on protection of inland surface waters, transitional the roads and to move over 150,000 people to waters, coastal waters and groundwater. work by bike each year. The Development Plan must be consistent with 5.5.10 GRID 25 and associated these objectives and implement them at County Implementation Plan and local level in South Dublin.

Grid25 is a high-level strategy outlining how EirGrid intends to undertake the development of the electricity transmission grid in the short, medium and longer terms, to support a long- term sustainable and reliable electricity supply. The Grid25 strategy thereby seeks to implement the provisions of the 2007 Government White Paper on Energy - “Delivering a Sustainable Energy Future for Ireland” in terms of development of electricity transmission infrastructure. The Grid25 Implementation Programme is a practical strategic overview of how the early stages of Grid25 are intended to be implemented.

5.5.11 Draft National Peatlands Strategy

The Draft National Peatlands Strategy, prepared by the NPWS, will, when finalised, establish principles in relation to Irish peatlands in order to guide Government policy. The Draft Strategy aims to provide a framework for which all of the peatlands within the State can be managed responsibly in order to optimise their social, environmental and economic contribution.

5.6 Environmental Protection Objectives

The Plan is subject to a number of high level national, international and regional environmental protection policies and objectives, including those which have been identified as Strategic Environmental Objectives.

Examples of Environmental Protection Objectives include the aim of the EU Habitats Directive - which is to contribute towards ensuring biodiversity through the conservation of natural

98 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Section 6 Description of Alternative Plan Scenarios

6.1 Introduction Act 2000, as amended, to review the County Development Plan every six years, a ‘do-nothing’ The evaluation of the likely environmental alternative is not considered, nor is it required to consequences of a range of alternative strategies be by the SEA Directive. for accommodating future development in the South Dublin area is part of the SEA process. Annex I of the SEA Directive specifies that information should be provided in the Article 5 of the SEA Directive requires the environmental report on inter alia ‘the relevant Environmental Report to consider “reasonable aspects of the current state of the environment alternatives taking into account the objectives and the likely evolution thereof without and the geographical scope of the plan or implementation of the plan or programme’. programme” and the significant environmental Section 3 identifies the evolution of each effects of the alternatives selected. component of the environment in the absence of implementing the Plan. These alternative strategies must be realistic, capable of implementation, and should represent 6.3 Identification and Description of a range of different approaches within the Alternative Scenarios statutory and operational requirements of the particular plan. In some cases the preferred 6.3.1 Introduction strategy will combine elements from the various alternatives considered. The following summarises a series of ‘Scenarios’ This section identifies and describes different plan which provide alternative visions of how the scenarios, taking into account higher level future development of South Dublin might occur. strategic actions as well as the geographical These are neither predictions nor preferences - scope of South Dublin County Council’s instead they offer a range of plausible and administrative boundary. internally consistent narratives of the outcome of different planning and development strategies. The alternative scenarios are evaluated in Section 7 resulting in the identification of potential The scenarios provide the basis for the impacts and informing the selection of a comparative evaluation of the likely preferred alternative for the County Development environmental effects of each plan, which in turn Plan. The policies and objectives which are serves the purpose of identifying which features required to realise the preferred alternative are of plans and policies are likely to be sensitive or evaluated in Section 8 (further detail contained in robust over the widest range of circumstances. appendix I) As outlined in DEHLG SEA Guidelines, certain Mitigation measures which attempt to prevent, strategic issues in County Development Plans reduce and as fully as possible offset any may have already been determined at national or significant adverse effects on the environment of regional level. The preparation of Development implementing the preferred alternative are Plans must have regard to national and regional recommended for inclusion Section 9. policy and guidelines and demonstrate consistency with same. The strategic alternatives 6.2 Excluding the do-nothing scenario available in the preparation of the County Development Plan are therefore limited. Having

regard to the foregoing, a number of options As South Dublin County Council, acting through have been formulated and these will be examined its Elected Members, has a statutory obligation as part of Environmental Report. under Part II of the Planning and Development

South Dublin County Council 99 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

6.3.2 South Dublin Development over the period of the Plan and into the future. They are as follows; Alternatives

 The Metropolitan Consolidation Towns The scenarios are derived taking into account of Tallaght, Lucan, Clondalkin, higher level strategic plans as well as the Adamstown and Clonburris. These towns geographical scope of the area.The Regional are strong active urban places within the Planning Guidelines for the Greater Dublin Area Metropolitan Area with strong transport 2010-2022 (RPG-GDA) provide an overall links. These towns to be developed at a strategic settlement context for the Development relatively large scale as part of the Plans of each local authority in the GDA. consolidation of the Metropolitan Area

and to ensure that they support key The RPG’s seek sustainable economic growth public transport corridors connecting across the GDA, through the promotion of them to the City, to each other and to identified core economic areas across the GDA in Large Growth Towns in the Hinterland. both the Dublin and Mid East Regions to facilitate Long term growth could see them new employment opportunities for existing expanding to a population of up to populations and seek to reduce the volume of 100,000 people in a planned and phased unsustainable long distance commuting. manner.

 Moderate sustainable growth towns, In January 2015, the remaining housing capacity these include Saggart / Citywest. These of the 2010-2016 South Dublin County are strong edge of Metropolitan Area Development Plan was 33,805 units. The RPG’s district service centres with high quality housing allocations for South Dublin would linkages and increased densities at nodes require 39,649 additional housing units from on public transport corridors. They will January 2015 to the end of 2022. Each alternative continue to have a strong role as accounts for the required provision of housing commuter locations within the fabric of and, to varying extents, for the delivery of services continued consolidation of the such as drainage and water supply. They also take metropolitan area. Growth should be account of relevant non-residential requirements, strongly related to the capacity of high including retail cores and employment as well as quality public transport connections and recreation and, to varying extents, green corridors the capacity of social infrastructure. (ii) In and sustainable mobility. the Hinterland areas, 10k from large town on public transport corridor serving a 6.3.3 Key Development Areas rural hinterland as market town.  Small towns of Newcastle and Rathcoole, Alternative scenarios for the plan focus These towns are located within the development on selected Key Development Areas Hinterland Area and yield a population of in the Metropolitan Area (see below) 1,500-5000 persons. Levels of growth should respond to local demand and be Key Development Areas are areas which would be managed in line with the ability of local the main focus of new development in the county services to cater for such growth

South Dublin County Council 100 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

6.4 Alternative Scenarios countryside, with no development in protected areas or in areas with high landscape sensitivity.

6.4.1 Scenario 1: Environmental Such a scenario may have a beneficial impact on /Preservation Approach the quality of the natural resources as any threat to the environment from development would not Adopting a cautious and restrained approach to be acceptable. The economic and social new development, Scenario 1 – an implications of this scenario would be negative. Environmental/Preservation Approach, prioritises The positive regeneration benefits which could be the protection of South Dublin’s natural released by the redevelopment of Key environment together with the amenity and Development Areas for more intensive urban character of existing residential areas. development would be compromised and in the longer term problems of urban decay and decline The entire County would be subject to policies would result. Development under this scenario providing for the conservation and protection of would be pushed out beyond the administrative the existing built and rural environment. Limited boundary and there would be a decline in brown-field development would be allowed in traditional employment within the County. the Town Centres. Limited expansion would be allowed within District Centres, urban and rural 6.4.2 Scenario 2: Sustainable/Selective Villages. Concentrations Approach

This scenario would involve the adoption of In this scenario the components of sustainable planning policies which seek to maintain the development – economic development, social status quo as far as possible and limit the well-being, environmental protection and development potential of growth areas and enhancement, and resource conservation are brownfield sites to reflect the established pattern integrated in the Plan. Allowance is made in this and character of development in the County. scenario for some trade-off between Development would only be allowed where built development and environmental protection with and rural landscape values, character and mitigation measures ameliorating any negative sensitivity could accommodate development environmental impacts. without undermining landscape, environmental or amenity quality. Under this scenario, Key Development Areas

would be developed / redeveloped to New development would be limited in terms of accommodate a higher level of new urban scale and would manifest itself in the form of development and deliver the maximum lower density development. This would restrain quantitative efficiency of new population density Key Development Areas from attaining a and commercial floorspace. Key Development sustainable mix of population and employment Areas identified under this scenario include and providing the critical mass of activity to Tallaght Town Centre, Liffey Valley Town Centre, sustain an integrated public transport network. It the SDZ areas of Adamstown and Clonburris. would also fail to address the falling population levels in the developed areas. Urban Villages, many of which have lost their

original residential function and District Centres All sites which are the subject of European which traditionally were mainly retail centres - Directive and National designations would be would be planned in order to evolve into mixed very carefully managed to ensure that their use urban centres, developing the residential conservation value is maintained and not function while continuing to provide a range of undermined or threatened by development. services and employment to their local Emphasis would be placed on the preservation of population. Rural Villages would maintain and the rural environment and there would be strict expand their service function for the surrounding controls on individual dwellings in the

South Dublin County Council 101 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016 rural areas while providing for the natural growth The relaxation of planning controls throughout of the existing community. the County would create a situation where favorable consideration would be given to higher With the larger quantum of mixed use density development in all areas with less weight development targeted at the Key Development given to existing residential or architectural Areas, other areas, including existing residential character or environmental amenity. The scenario areas, would experience development relative to would be likely to result in a dispersed pattern of their carrying capacity. growth with sporadic pockets of high density development scattered throughout the County in In the rural area, valuable agricultural land would the existing developed areas and in green-field be protected from pressures for development not areas adjoining the existing built-up areas. There associated with agriculture and rural activities. would also be pressure for development in areas The more environmentally sensitive parts of the where development types are at present either County will be protected. There may be occasions “open for consideration” only or “not permitted”. where there is a conflict between the A number of the County’s informal green spaces, environment and social, economic and resource established sports grounds and currently conservation issues, however, where such protected landscape would be open to conflicts arise, it will be necessary to ensure that speculative development. adequate mitigation measures are put in place. District Centres under this scenario would be Any sites which are the subject of European likely to continue to accommodate retail growth Directive or National designations would be very with mixed use urban development rare or non- carefully managed to ensure that their existent at these locations. Expansion of these conservation value is maintained and not centres would be uncontrolled and would undermined or threatened by development. respond solely to market demand. This would likely result in a deterioration in the economic 6.4.3 Scenario 3 – Weak Planning / vitality of Tallaght Town Centre, the County Town. Market-led Approach Rural Villages would be likely to come under increased development pressure particularly on

agricultural land adjoining those villages.There This Scenario would be characterised by a weak would be fewer restrictions in place for the planning approach to development within the development of individual dwellings in the County with a flexible overall development mountain and rural areas outside of settlements strategy and an emphasis on market-led growth, and little consideration would be given to the maximising growth in the County. mountain and rural character of the County.

The growth envisaged in the Regional Planning

Guidelines would be incorporated in a more ad- hoc approach to development proposals with little regard to environmental protection. The advantages of South Dublin being part of the

Greater Metropolitan Area would be fully exploited, taking advantage of the large market place and labour force. However, it is likely that there would be little correlation between people’s homes and people’s places of employment. The predominant pattern of development would be dispersed and growth would lead to urban sprawl.

South Dublin County Council 102 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Section 7 Evaluation of Alternative Plan Scenarios

7.1 Introduction The SEOs and the alternative scenarios are The objective of this section is to determine the arrayed against each other to identify which relative merits of a range of three alternative interactions - if any - would cause impacts on scenarios for the future development of South specific components of the environment. Dublin. This determination sought to understand whether each alternative was likely to improve, Where the appraisal identifies a likely conflict with conflict with or have a neutral interaction with the the status of an SEO the relevant SEO code is South Dublin’s environment. entered into the conflict column - e.g. B1 which stands for SEO likely to be affected - in this Scenarios are evaluated in a succinct and focused instance ‘to avoid loss of relevant habitats, way for both planning and environmental impacts geological features, species or their sustaining against both the existing environment and the resources in designated ecological sites’. Strategic Environmental Objectives (SEOs). 7.2.2 In order to comply with the SEA Directive Strategic Environmental Objectives have been A conclusion is then arrived at after reviewing the grouped under relevant parent components such alternative evaluations. as water and landscape.

7.2 Methodology

7.2.1 Strategic Environmental

Objectives (SEO’s)

Based on an understanding of the existing and emerging environmental conditions in the South Dublin, a series of SEOs were developed in order to assess the likely environmental effects which would be caused by implementation of each of the three alternative scenarios described in Section 6. The alternatives are evaluated using compatibility criteria in order to determine how they are likely to affect the status of these SEOs.

The interactions between the SEOs and the policies and objectives of the Plan determine the effects of implementing the Plan. These effects include secondary, cumulative, synergistic, short, medium and long-term permanent and temporary, positive and negative effects.

Table 7.2 brings together all the SEOs which have been developed from international, national and regional policies which generally govern environmental protection objectives.

South Dublin County Council 103 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Council Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Updated June 2016

Likely to Improve Probable Potential Conflict Uncertain Neutral No Likely status of SEOs Conflict with with status of interaction with Interaction with interaction with status of SEOs- SEOs- likely to be status of SEOs status of SEOs status of SEOs unlikely to be mitigated mitigated Table 7.1 Criteria for appraising the effect of Plan provisions on Strategic Environmental Objectives

SEO SEO Code B1 To avoid loss of habitats, geological features, species or their sustaining resources in designated ecological sites B2 To avoid significant adverse impacts, including direct, cumulative and indirect impacts, to habitats, geological features, species or their sustaining resources in designated ecological sites by development within or adjacent to these sites B3 To sustain, enhance or - where relevant - prevent the loss of ecological networks or parts thereof which provide significant connectivity between areas of local biodiversity HH1 To protect human health from hazards or nuisances arising from traffic and incompatible landuses S1 To maximise the sustainable re-use of brownfield lands and the existing built environment, rather than developing greenfield lands S3 To minimise waste production and reduce the volume of waste to landfill and to operate sustainable waste management practices. W1 To maintain and improve, where possible, the quality of rivers, lakes and surface water W2 To prevent pollution and contamination of ground water W3 To prevent development on lands which pose - or are likely to pose in the future – a significant flood risk C1 To minimise increases in travel related greenhouse emissions to air C2 To reduce car dependency within the County by way of, inter alia, encouraging modal change from car to more sustainable forms of public transport and encouraging development which will not be dependent on private transport M1 To serve new development under the CDP with appropriate waste water treatment M2 To maintain and improve the quality of drinking water supplies CH1 To protect the archaeological heritage of South Dublin with regard to entries to the Record of Monuments and Places - including Zones of Archaeological Potential - and the context of the above within the surrounding landscape where relevant CH2 To preserve and protect the special interest and character of South Dublin’s architectural heritage with regard to entries to the Record of Protected Structures, Architectural Conservation Areas, and their context within the surrounding landscape where relevant L1 To protect and avoid significant adverse impacts on the landscape, landscape features and designated scenic routes; especially with regard to areas of high amenity, the Dublin Mountain Area, and the Liffey and Dodder Valleys

Table 7.2 Strategic Environmental Objectives (SEOs) 36

36 Strategic Environmental Objectives (SEOs) are methodological measures which are developed from international, national and regional policies which generally govern environmental protection objectives and against which the environmental effects of the Plan can be tested. The SEOs are used as standards against which the development strategies, policies and objectives of the Plan can be evaluated in order to help identify areas in which significant adverse impacts are likely to occur, if unmitigated against.

South Dublin County Council 104 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2010-2016 SEA

7.3 Evaluation of Alternatives against SEOs

Likely to Probable Potential Uncertain Neutral No Likely Improve Conflict Conflict with interaction Interaction interaction status of with status status of with status with status with status of SEOs of SEOs SEOs- likely of of SEOs unlikely to be SEOs SEOs to be mitigated mitigated Alternative B1 B2 B3 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 L1 Scenario 1 W1 W2 HH1 CH1 CH2 Environmental W3 CH1 W1 W2 W3 /Preservation Approach CH2 M1M2 M1 M2 L1 HH1 (Blue indicates indirect impact)

This scenario could result in areas of the County with highly valued landscape remaining as such to ensure that the attractiveness and quality of these parts of the County is maintained. Any developments in these highly valued areas could only have small localised impacts, which do not alter the character and value of these areas.. Other parts of the County, which are not as highly valued, would have greater capacity to accommodate development (SEO B1 B2 B3,L1).

It is likely that there would be a decrease in the use of public transport and reductions in levels of commuting in the metropolitan area as population’s age, while housing stock is not increased or diversified in existing areas. Cross county commuting to Dublin City and other destinations will increase as inability to accommodate increases in local population results in development in adjoining counties (SEO C1 C2 HH1).

Developments would have to be served by appropriate waste water treatment infrastructure (SEO M1 M2) to avoid impacts upon abstraction sources of water, groundwater, rivers, lakes, and will have to be carefully analysed to anticipate and avoid any further negative impacts on the status of water quality, in an effort to comply with the requirements of the Water Framework Directive

Developments should not be considered in isolation and care should be taken regarding the cumulative effects of development on the environment, particularly in areas which have been identified as being “at risk” or “probably at risk” in terms of compliance with the Water Framework Directive to ensure that environmental quality is not compromised(SE0 W1 W2 W3). Careful consideration would have to be taken of any proposals for development in the County to ensure that the any impacts on archaeology or architectural character are anticipated and avoided (SEO CH1 CH2).

South Dublin County Council 105 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2010-2016 SEA

Likely to Probable Potential Uncertain Neutral No Likely Improve Conflict Conflict with interaction Interaction interaction status of with status status of with status with status with status of SEOs of SEOs SEOs- likely of of SEOs unlikely to be SEOs SEOs to be mitigated mitigated Alternative B1 B2 B3 W3 Scenario 2 HH1 S1 CH1 CH2 Sustainable/Selective S3 W1 Concentrations W2 C1 Approach C2 M1 M2 L1 This scenario would see a balanced development across the County which provides for the existing levels of population and households and also plans for projected increases. New development would be guided to the urban agglomeration where adequate services and sufficient capacity is available or where new schemes are coming on stream to ensure that negative impacts on the environment are minimised in planning for growth in the County (SEO B3 L1). Restrictions to excessive growth in rural village and areas are seen as fundamental to minimising negative impacts on surface water, groundwater, rivers and lakes (W1 W2 M1 M2).

The re-development of brownfield lands would be encouraged, rather than developing on greenfield sites (SEO S1). Emphasis would be placed on more sustainable forms of commuting and development would continue to be directed to areas best served by public transport. This would result in a reduction of car based emissions (SEO HH1 C1 C2). Rural activities and the rural environment will be afforded protection, while the Plan would also encourage rural diversification in an attempt to allow for the continuance of agriculture and the maintenance of the rural population.

Concentration of development within existing areas would allow for continued use of protected structures. Intensification may have some effects on archaeological sites within urban centres, but will indirectly have positive effects on heritage sites in rural areas due to the absorbing of development pressure by urban areas (SEO S1 CH1 CH2 L1)

Likely to Probable Potential Uncertain Neutral No Likely Improve Conflict Conflict with interaction Interaction interaction status of with status status of with status with status with status of SEOs of SEOs SEOs- likely of of SEOs unlikely to be SEOs SEOs to be mitigated mitigated Alternative B1 B2 B3 Scenario 3 HH1 S1 W1 Weak Planning / W2 W3 C1 Market-led Approach C2 M1 M2 CH1 CH2 L1 S3

This scenario would not allow for the co-ordination of employment, public infrastructure, amenities, community facilities, schools, public transport etc (SEO HH1 C1 C2 M1 M2). Growth in the County would be governed by market pressures and higher levels of development within South Dublin would be expected. High density development would proliferate, not just in areas served by public transport and infrastructure. Traffic volumes would increase, and lack of adequate social infrastructure would result in a poor urban environment and quality of life (SEO HH1 C1 C2). It is likely that there would be increased urban sprawl and increased levels of ribbon

South Dublin County Council 106 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2010-2016 SEA

development. Increased levels of development in the rural area would also lead to an erosion of the rural character of the County (SEO B1 B2 B3 L1 W1)

Demand for the development of natural resources, forestry or wind energy would be realised across the County where these resources are present or where it has been identified that an area is strategically suitable, without sufficient regard for environmental implications, cumulative impacts or the carrying capacity of these lands (SEO L1 B1 B2 B3 CH1).

Increased demand for water from groundwater sources in rural areas will lead to increased pressure on the quality of groundwater, particularly in the areas of the County identified as being “probably at risk” or “at risk” in the Eastern River Basin District. There will also be increased pressures on surface water abstractions, particularly along the Liffey (SEO W1 W2).

May lead to development where services are currently unavailable or do not have sufficient capacity to accommodate the levels of development being proposed, increasing the likelihood of negative environmental impacts, particularly in areas within or near designated ecological sites. Ecological networks would also be likely to be compromised (SEO M1 M2 W1 W2 B1 B2 B3).Landscape types could be radically altered and negatively impacted upon, particularly in areas where population growth is strongest (SEO L1 B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 ).This scenario would likely see increases in the levels of unsustainable travel patterns (SEO HH1 C1 C2).

Development pressure areas potentially coincide with concentrations of archaeology and protected structures, there would be increased risk of impacts on archaeology and built heritage. Lack of renewal coupled with dropping populations in older areas may lead to dereliction among protected structures (SEO CH1 CH2).

Table 7.4 Evaluation of Alternatives against SEOs

South Dublin County Council 107 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2010-2016 SEA

7.6 Summary of Evaluation: the

Preferred Option for the Plan

Each of the Alternative Scenarios were examined under the Strategic Environmental Objectives.

While Scenario 1, (the environmental / preservation approach), does give rise to the least level of direct, short-term beneficial environmental effects (although also results in significant negative indirect impacts), in the medium to long-term Scenario 2 is more likely to bring about better environmental outcomes because of its ability to bring about both controlled growth and the necessary growth to capitalise important environmental mitigation measures. Scenario 3, which includes the accommodation of major development on Greenfield land at the edge of the present conurbation, would result in a range of environmental conflicts including biodiversity, water quality, landscape character and climate change (an increase in the number of unsustainable traffic patterns with a decrease in public transport journeys giving rise to the production of greenhouse gases).

The County Development Plan that has emerged from the Plan preparation process has a close correlation to Scenario 2 with an additional element from Scenario 3 i.e. the proposed development of an amount of Greenfield land. The proposal to rezone this green-field land relates directly to the overall strategy of Scenario 2 which is one of consolidation. The opportunity to utilise land that is currently underutilised at present in the Employment and Enterprise zones but that adjoins either well serviced Town and District Centres or is well served by public transit infrastructure is dependent on land being available for the relocation of suitable uses i.e. uses with a high floorspace per employee and a low traffic generation factor. Mitigation of impacts can be provided.

In summary, Scenario 2 represents a pragmatic recognition of the need to continue to accommodate and control growth in the South Dublin County Council area.

South Dublin County Council 108 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Section 8 Mitigation Measures

8.1 Introduction 8.3 Mitigation Measures

Mitigation measures are measures envisaged to 8.3.1 Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna prevent, reduce and, as fully as possible, offset any significant adverse impacts on the It is the policy of the Council to support the environment of implementing the County conservation and improvement of Natura 2000 Development Plan (CDP). Sites and to protect the Natura 2000 network

from any plans and projects that are likely to have Mitigation involves ameliorating significant a significant effect on the coherence or integrity negative effects. Where there are significant of a Natura 2000 Site (Policy HCL12) negative effects, consideration is given in the first instance to preventing such effects or, where this HCL 12 Objective 1:To prevent is not possible for stated reasons, to lessening or development that would adversely affect offsetting those effects. Mitigation measures can the integrity of any Natura 2000 site be roughly divided into those that: avoid effects; located within and immediately adjacent reduce the magnitude or extent, probability to the County and promote favourable and/or severity of effects; repair effects after they conservation status of habitats and have occurred, and; compensate for effects, protected species including those listed balancing out negative impacts with other under the Birds Directive, the Wildlife positive ones. Acts and the Habitats Directive.

The mitigation measures may be incorporated HCL 12 Objective 2: To ensure that into the briefing of design teams as well as the projects that give rise to significant subsequent design, specification and direct, indirect or secondary impacts on development management of the landuses to be Natura 2000 sites, either individually or in accommodated within the County. combination with other plans or projects,

will not be permitted unless the following Additional detailed mitigation measures to those is robustly demonstrated in accordance listed below and those integrated into the CDP with Article 6(4) of the Habitats Directive would be likely to be required by the and S.177AA of the Planning and development management and EIA processes of Development Act (2000 – 2010) or any individual projects. superseding legislation:

1)There are no less damaging alternative 8.2 Mitigation Measures: Integration solutions available; and 2) There are of SEA, AA and SFRA provisions in to imperative reasons of overriding public the Plan interest (as defined in the Habitats Directive) requiring the project to Various policies and objectives have been proceed; and 3) Adequate compensatory integrated into the Plan through the SEA, SFRA measures have been identified that can and AA processes. The integration of mitigation be put in place measures into the Plan occurred over a number of iterations and were informed through It is the policy of the Council to protect the continuous communication with the Plan team. ecological, visual, recreational, environmental and amenity value of the County’s proposed Natural Heritage Areas and associated habitats. (Policy HCL13)

South Dublin County Council 109 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

HCL 13 Objective 1: To ensure that accordance with Living with Trees: South any proposal for development within or Dublin County Council’s Tree adjacent to a proposed Natural Heritage Management Policy 2015-2020 Area (pNHA) is designed and sited to minimise its impact on the biodiversity, It is the policy of the Council to protect, enhance ecological, geological and landscape and further develop a multifunctional Green value of the pNHA particularly plant and Infrastructure network, building an animal species listed under the Wildlife interconnected network of parks, open spaces, Acts and the Habitats and Birds Directive hedgerows, grasslands, protected areas, and including their habitats. rivers and streams to provide a shared space for amenity and recreation, biodiversity protection, HCL 13 Objective 2: To restrict flood management and adaption to climate development within a proposed Natural change. (Policy G1) Heritage Area to development that is directly related to the area’s amenity G1 Objective 1: To establish a coherent, potential subject to the protection and integrated and evolving Green enhancement of natural heritage and Infrastructure network across South visual amenities including biodiversity Dublin County with parks, open spaces, and landscapes. hedgerows, grasslands, protected areas, and rivers and streams forming the It is the policy of the Council to protect and strategic links and to integrate the promote the conservation of biodiversity outside objectives of the Green Infrastructure of designated areas and to ensure that species Strategy throughout all relevant Council and habitats that are protected under the Wildlife plans, such as Local Area Plans and other Acts 1976 and 2000, the Birds Directive 1979 and approved plans. the Habitats Directive 1992 are adequately protected (Policy HCL15) Objective 2: To prepare a South Dublin County Green Infrastructure HCL 15 Objective 1: To ensure that Strategy during the lifetime of this plan development does not have a significant that will form the basis for the adverse impact on rare and threatened identification, protection, enhancement species, including those protected under and management of the Green the Wildlife Acts 1976 and 2000, the Birds Infrastructure Network within the County. Directive 1979 and the Habitats Directive 1992. It is the policy of the Council to promote and HCL 15 Objective 2: To ensure that, develop a coherent, integrated and evolving where evidence of species that are Green Infrastructure network in South Dublin protected under the Wildlife Acts 1976 County that can connect to the regional network, and 2000, the Birds Directive 1979 and secure and enhance biodiversity, provide readily the Habitats Directive 1992 exists, accessible parks, open spaces and recreational appropriate avoidance and mitigation facilities (Policy G2) measures are incorporated into development proposals as part of any G2 Objective 1: To reduce ecological impact assessment. fragmentation of the Green Infrastructure network and strengthen HCL 15 Objective 3: To protect existing ecological links between urban areas, trees, hedgerows, and woodlands which Natura 2000 sites, proposed Natural are of amenity or biodiversity value and/ Heritage Areas, parks and open spaces or contribute to landscape character and and the wider regional Green ensure that proper provision is made for Infrastructure network. their protection and management in

South Dublin County Council 110 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

G2 Objective 2: To protect and enhance grass verges, planters etc. into existing the biodiversity value and ecological areas of hard infrastructure wherever function of the Green Infrastructure possible, thereby integrating these areas network. of existing urban environment into the overall Green Infrastructure network. G2 Objective 3: To restrict development that would fragment or prejudice the G2 Objective 12: To seek to control and Green Infrastructure network. manage non-native invasive species and to develop strategies with relevant G2 Objective 4: To repair habitat stakeholders to assist in the control of fragmentation and provide for these species throughout the County regeneration of flora and fauna where weaknesses are identified in the network. G2 Objective 13: To seek to prevent the loss of woodlands, hedgerows, aquatic G2 Objective 5: To integrate Green habitats and wetlands wherever possible Infrastructure as an essential component including requiring a programme to of all new developments. monitor and restrict the spread of invasive species such as those located G2 Objective 6: To protect and enhance along the River Dodder. the County’s hedgerow network, in particular hedgerows that form It is the policy of the Council to promote and townland, parish and barony boundaries, support the development of Sustainable Urban and increase hedgerow coverage using Drainage Systems (SUDS) in the County and to locally native species. maximise the amenity and bio-diversity value of these systems (Policy G5) G2 Objective 7: To incorporate items of historical or heritage importance G5 Objective 1: To promote and support in situ within the Green Infrastructure the development of Sustainable Urban network as amenity features. Drainage Systems (SUDS) at a local, district and county level and to maximise G2 Objective 8: To provide for the the amenity and biodiversity value of incorporation of Eco-ducts and / or these systems. Green Bridges at ecologically sensitive locations on the County’s road and rail G5 Objective 2: To promote the corridors that will facilitate the free provision of Green Roofs and / or Living movement of people and species Walls in developments where expansive through the urban and rural roofs are proposed such as industrial, environment. retail and civic developments.

G2 Objective 9: To preserve, protect and It is the policy of the Council to support the augment trees, groups of trees, protection and enhancement of Green woodlands and hedgerows within the Infrastructure in all new development in urban County by increasing tree canopy areas, to strengthen linkage across the wider coverage using locally native species and urban network and to achieve the highest by incorporating them within design standards of living and working environments. proposals and supporting their (Policy G6) integration into the Green Infrastructure network. G6 Objective 1: To protect and enhance existing ecological features including G2 Objective 11: To incorporate tree stands, woodlands, hedgerows and appropriate elements of Green watercourses in all new developments as Infrastructure e.g. new tree planting, an essential part of the design process.

South Dublin County Council 111 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

G6 Objective 2: To require new development to provide links into the G3 Objective 4: To uncover existing culverts and wider Green Infrastructure network, in restore the watercourse to acceptable ecological particular where similar features exist on standards and for the passage of fish, where adjoining sites. possible.

G6 Objective 3: To require G3 Objective 5: To restrict the encroachment of multifunctional open space provision development on watercourses, and provide for within all new developments that protection measures to watercourses and their includes provision for ecology and banks, including but not limited to: the sustainable water management. prevention of pollution of the watercourse, the protection of the river bank from erosion, the IE2 Objective 8: retention and/or provision of wildlife corridors To protect salmonid water courses, such and the protection from light spill in sensitive as the Liffey and Dodder Rivers locations, during construction of permitted catchments (including Bohernabreena development. Reservoir), which are recognised to be exceptional in supporting 8.3.3 Waste Water and Drinking Water salmonid fish species.

It is the policy of the Council to work in

conjunction with Irish Water to protect existing 8.3.2 Water Protection water and drainage infrastructure and to promote investment in the water and drainage network to G3 Objective 1: To promote the natural, support environmental protection and facilitate historical and amenity value of the County’s the sustainable growth of the County (Policy IE1). watercourses and address the long term management and protection of these corridors in  IE1 Objective 1: To work in the South Dublin Green Infrastructure Strategy. conjunction with Irish Water to promote the ongoing upgrade and expansion of G3 Objective 2: To maintain a biodiversity water supply and wastewater services to protection zone of not less than 10 meters from meet the future needs of the County and the top of the bank of all watercourses in the the Region. County, with the full extent of the protection zone  IEI Objective 2: To work in conjunction to be determined on a case by case basis by the with Irish Water to facilitate the timely Planning Authority, based on site specific delivery of ongoing upgrades and the characteristics and sensitivities. Strategic Green expansion of water supply and Routes and Trails identified in the South Dublin wastewater services to meet the future Tourism Strategy, 2015; the Greater Dublin Area needs of the County and the Region Strategic Cycle Network; and other government  IE1 Objective 3: To support Irish plans or programmes will be open for Water in delivering key water service consideration within the biodiversity protection projects. Key Projects to be progressed zone, subject to appropriate safeguards and in South Dublin County include: assessments, as these routes increase the accessibility of the Green Infrastructure network. Completion of the Saggart to Leixlip Watermain Scheme to provide resilience G3 Objective 3: To ensure the protection, and flexibility of water supply in the improvement or restoration of riverine County. floodplains and to promote strategic measures to Upgrade of the 9B Foul Sewer to increase accommodate flooding at appropriate locations, drainage capacity in the north of the to protect ground and surface water quality and County. build resilience to climate change.

South Dublin County Council 112 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Upgrade of the Dodder Valley Sewerage assessment and management of flood Scheme to increase drainage capacity in risks and the Flood Risk Regulations (SI the south of the County. No 122 of 2010). Construction of a Saggart/Rathcoole/Newcastle Sewerage IE3 Objective 3: To manage Scheme to increase drainage capacity in flood risk in the County in accordance the west of the County. with the requirements of The Planning System and Flood Risk Management  IE1 Objective 4: To promote and Guidelines for Planning Authorities, support the implementation of the DECLG and OPW (2009) and Circular Greater Dublin Strategic Drainage Study, PL02/2014 (August 2014), in particular Dublin Region Local Authorities (2005) to when preparing plans and programmes include the upgrade of Ringsend and assessing development proposals. Sewerage Treatment Works and the For lands identified as at risk of flooding construction of a new treatment plant at in (but not limited to) the Strategic Clonshaugh and all associated works to Flood Risk Assessment, a site-specific increase drainage capacity throughout Flood Risk Assessment to an appropriate the Dublin Region. level of detail, addressing all potential sources of flood risk, is required,  IE1 Objective 7: To prohibit the demonstrating compliance with the connection of surface water outflows to aforementioned Guidelines or any the foul drainage network where updated version of these Guidelines, separation systems are available. paying particular attention to residual flood risks and any proposed site specific flood management measures. 8.3.4 Flooding IESLO1: To require the preparation of a

site and catchment specific Flood Risk Policy IE3 It is the policy of the Council to Assessment and Mitigation Strategy, continue to incorporate Flood Risk Management prepared by a qualified person(s), to be into the spatial planning of the County, to meet submitted with any proposal for the requirements of the EU Floods Directive and development on the ‘EE’ zoned lands and the EU Water Framework Directive. demonstration that the development

satisfies all the criteria of the IE3 Objective 1: To support and Development Management Justification co-operate with the Office of Public Test as set out in Table 2.3 of the Works in delivering the Catchment- document titled ‘Strategic Flood Risk Based Flood Risk Assessment and Assessment for SDCC Development Plan Management Programme and in - Detailed Report on Flood Risk in the particular the Eastern District CFRAMS Baldonnell Area’. and associated Flood Risk Management

Plan (FRMP), the River Dodder CFRAMS 8.3.5 Soil and Contamination and associated Flood Risk Management

Plan (FRMP). The recommendations and IE 2 Objective 10: To require adequate and outputs arising from the CFRAM study appropriate investigations to be carried out into for the Eastern District shall be the nature and extent of any soil and considered in preparing plans and groundwater contamination and the risks assessing development proposals. associated with site development work, in

particular for brownfield development IE3 Objective 2: To support the implementation of the EU Flood Risk Directive (2007/60/EC) on the

South Dublin County Council 113 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

8.3.6 Landscape 8.3.8 Air and Noise

Policy HCL 7 It is the policy of the Council to Policy IE 7It is the policy of the Council to have preserve and enhance the character of the regard to European Union, National and Regional County’s landscapes particularly areas that have policy relating to air quality, light pollution and been deemed to have a medium to high noise pollution and to seek to take appropriate Landscape Value or medium to high Landscape steps to reduce the effects of air, noise and light Sensitivity and to ensure that landscape pollution on environmental quality and considerations are an important factor in the residential amenity. management of development. IE 7 Objective 1: To implement HCL 7 Objective 1: To protect and the provisions of EU and National enhance the landscape character of the legislation on air, light and noise control County by ensuring that development and other relevant legislative retains, protects and, where necessary, requirements, as appropriate, in enhances the appearance and character conjunction with all relevant of the landscape, taking full cognisance stakeholders. of the Landscape Character Assessment of South Dublin County (2015). IE 7 Objective 2: To implement the recommendations of the Dublin HCL 7 Objective 2: To ensure that Regional Air Quality Management Plan to development is assessed against protect people from the harmful health Landscape Character, Landscape Values effects associated with air pollution, to and Landscape Sensitivity as identified in preserve good air quality where it exists the Landscape Character Assessment for and to improve air quality where it is South Dublin County (2015) in unsatisfactory. accordance with Government guidance on Landscape Character Assessment and IE 7 Objective 3: To implement the National Landscape Strategy. the relevant spatial planning recommendations and actions of the Dublin Agglomeration Environmental Policy HCL 8 It is the policy of the Council to Noise Action Plan 2013 – 2018. preserve Views and Prospects and the amenities of places and features of natural beauty or IE 7 Objective 4: To ensure that interest including those located within and future developments are designed and outside the County. constructed to minimise noise

disturbances and take into account the HCL 8 Objective 1: To protect, multi-functional uses of streets (e.g. preserve and improve Views and movement, recreation), e.g., Urban Prospects of special amenity, historic or Design Manual 2009 and the Design cultural value or interest including rural, Manual for Urban Roads and Streets river valley, mountain, hill, coastal, upland 2013. and urban views and prospects that are

visible from prominent public places

8.3.9 Transportation and Climatic Policy HCL 9 It is the policy of the Council to protect and enhance the visual, recreational, Factors environmental, ecological, geological, archaeological and amenity value of the Dublin Policy TM 1 It is the policy of the Council to Mountains, as a key element of the County’s promote the sustainable development of the Green Infrastructure network. County through the creation of an integrated

South Dublin County Council 114 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA transport network that services the needs of enhance employment and increase the communities and businesses. value recovery and recirculation of resources. Policy TM 2 It is the policy of the Council to promote the sustainable development of the IE5 Objective 4: To provide, County by supporting and guiding national promote and facilitate high quality agencies in delivering major improvements to the sustainable waste recovery and disposal public transport network and to ensure existing infrastructure/technology in keeping and planned public transport services provide an with the EU waste hierarchy and to attractive and convenient alternative to the car. adequately cater for a growing residential population and business sector. Policy TM 6 It is the policy of Council to ensure that streets and roads within the County are IE5 Objective 5: To provide for designed to balance the needs of place and and maintain the network of bring movement, to provide a safe traffic-calmed street infrastructure (e.g. civic amenity facilities, environment, particularly in sensitive areas and bring banks) in the County to facilitate where vulnerable users are present. the recycling and recovery of hazardous

and non-hazardous municipal wastes. Policy E 1 It is the policy of the Council to respond to the European and National Energy IE5 Objective 6: To seek the Programme through the County Development provision of adequately sized public Plan – with policies and objectives that promote recycling facilities in association with new energy conservation, increased efficiency and the commercial developments and in growth of locally based renewable energy tandem with significant change of alternatives, in an environmentally acceptable use/extensions of existing commercial and sustainable manner. developments where appropriate.

8.3.10 Waste Management IE5 Objective 7: To develop a Countywide network of green waste Policy IE 5 It is the policy of the Council to centres in suitable locations to expand implement European Union, National and the collection system for compostable Regional waste and related environmental policy, waste. legislation, guidance and codes of practice to improve management of material resources and IE5 Objective 8: To secure wastes. appropriate provision for the sustainable management of waste within IE5 Objective 1: To support the developments, including the provision of implementation of the Eastern – facilities for the storage, separation and Midlands Regional Waste Management collection of such waste. Plan 2015-2021 by adhering to overarching performance targets, policies and policy actions.

IE 5 Objective 2: To support waste prevention through behavioural change activities to de-couple economic growth and resource use.

IE 5 Objective 3: To encourage the transition from a waste management economy to a green circular economy to

South Dublin County Council 115 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Section 9 Monitoring Measures

9.1 Introduction

of the indicators and include those maintained by The SEA Directive requires that the significant South Dublin County Council and the relevant environmental effects of the implementation of authorities e.g. the Environmental Protection plans and programmes are monitored. Agency, the National Parks and Wildlife Service

and the Central Statistics Office. Monitoring enables, at an early stage, the identification of unforeseen adverse effects and The Development Management Process in South the undertaking of appropriate remedial action. Dublin County Council will provide additional In addition to this, monitoring can also play an monitoring of certain indicators and targets on an important role in assessing whether the CDP is application by application basis. Where achieving its environmental objectives and significant adverse effects - including positive, targets - measures which the CDP can help work negative, cumulative and indirect - are likely to towards - whether these need to be re-examined occur upon, for example, entries to the RMP, and whether the proposed mitigation measures entries to the RPS or ecological networks as a are being implemented. result of the undertaking of individual projects or

multiple individual projects such instances will be

identified and recorded and will feed into the 9.2 Indicators and Targets monitoring evaluation.

Monitoring is based around the indicators which were chosen earlier in the process. These 9.4 Excluded Indicators and indicators allow quantitative measures of trends and progress over time relating to the Strategic Targets Environmental Objectives used in the evaluation. Focus will be given to indicators which are As noted on Table 10.1 below, monitoring data relevant to the likely significant environmental on Indicator W2 (Groundwater Quality Standards effects of implementing the CDP and primarily to and Threshold Values under Directive existing monitoring arrangements in order to 2006/118/EC) may not be available for the monitor the selected indicators. Each indicator to preliminary monitoring evaluation as the be monitored will be accompanied by the groundwater threshold values to which this relevant target(s) - measures which the CDP can indicator relates have not yet been identified by help work towards - which were identified with the EPA. regard to the relevant legislation. The table below shows the indicator and targets which have been In addition, future monitoring data for Indicators selected with regard to the monitoring of the C1i (Percentage of population within the County plan. travelling to work or school by public transport or non-mechanical means) and C1ii (Average distance travelled to work or school by the 9.3 Sources population of the County) will not be available until the results of the next CSO Census are made

available. In compliance with the SEA Directive and the

DEHLG Guidelines, measurements for indicators come from existing monitoring sources and no new monitoring should be required to take place.

Existing monitoring sources exist for many

South Dublin County Council 116 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

9.5 Reporting heritage including entries to the Record of Monuments and Places; and,

A preliminary monitoring evaluation report on  complaints received from statutory the effects of implementing the CDP was consultees regarding avoidable impacts prepared in 2012 at the midterm review to resulting from development which is coincide with the Manager's report to the elected granted permission under the CDP. members on the progress achieved in securing

CDP objectives. Overall, it was apparent that the system that South Dublin County Council put in place to monitor the impacts of the policies and objectives contained in the County Development

Plan 2010 – 2016 as required by Article 10 of the

SEA Directive is working well. No thresholds, at which corrective action is required under the

Monitoring Framework, were surpassed. It is recommended for the monitoring of the

Development Plan that the monitoring system as implemented under the 2010-2016 be continued.

It is recommended that the system be further development to include for cumulative impacts.

9.6 Responsibility

South Dublin County Council are responsible for the implementation of the SEA Monitoring Programme including  Linking SEA monitoring output with the mid-term review of the Development Plan;  Monitoring specific indicators and identifying any significant effects, including cumulative effects;  Reviewing the effectiveness of monitoring/mitigation measures during the lifetime of the Plan; and  Identifying any cumulative effects”

9.7 Thresholds

Thresholds at which corrective action will be considered are as follows:

 boil notices on drinking water;

 fish kills;

 court cases taken by the DEHLG regarding impacts upon archaeological

South Dublin County Council 117 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Environmental Selected Indicator(s) Selected Target(s) Sources Component

Biodiversity, B1: Percentage of relevant B1: No losses of relevant Designated Flora and Fauna habitats and designated habitats, species or their ecological sites ecological sites lost as a sustaining resources in mapping, CORINE result of implementation of designated ecological sites as a Mapping, National the CDP result of implementation of the Parks and Wildlife CDP Service Records & Development Management Process in SDCC

B2: Number of significant B2: No significant adverse Designated adverse impacts, including impacts, including direct, ecological sites direct, cumulative and cumulative and indirect impacts, mapping, indirect impacts, to relevant to relevant habitats, geological Development habitats, geological features, species or their Management Process features, species or their sustaining resources in in SDCC Council & sustaining resources in designated ecological sites by Consultation with the designated ecological sites development within or adjacent National Parks and by development within or to these sites as a result of Wildlife Service adjacent to these sites as a implementation of the CDP result of implementation of the CDP Primary ecological B3: Area of Biodiversity B3: No ecological connectivity corridors mapping, Network (County’s primary provided by the County’s CORINE mapping and ecological corridors37) primary ecological corridors to Development which has been lost without be lost without mitigation as a Management Process mitigation result of implementation of the in SDCC CDP

Population and Indicator HH1: No of HH1: Reduce number of South Dublin County Human Health occasions that PM10 limits people exposed to traffic noise Council, EPA have been exceeded in at and air quality levels which Air Monitoring stations endanger health and quality of life Indicator HH2: Percentage of population that are exposed to unacceptable levels of traffic noise (to be defined) or the number of noise

37 These ‘primary ecological corridors’ have yet to be fully identified. The Baseline section includes a surrogate based on rivers, streams, lakes, the canal and the railway corridor. This will be replaced following the completion of the proposed Biodiversity Plan.

South Dublin County Council 118 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

sensitive locations that have a score where priority action is required Environmental Selected Indicator(s) Selected Target(s) Sources Component

Soil S1i: Area of brownfield land S1i: To fully utilise the Development redeveloped available brownfield lands Management Process in SDCC

S1ii: Area of greenfield land S1ii: To reduce the amount of As above developed Greenfield lands developed

S1iii: Number of S1iii: To ensure sustainable use Environmental contaminated sites of brownfield sites Services Dept. SDCC identified and remediated Annual Waste S3 Volume of waste S3 To meet national and EU Arisings Report from recycled and volume of targets on the recycling of Environmental waste sent to landfill municipal waste and its diversion Services Dept. SDCC from landfill

Water Indicator W1i: Biotic W1ia: To maintain a biotic quality Environmental Quality Rating (Q Value) rating of Q4, in line with the Protection Agency and risk assessment requirement to achieve good water status under the Water Framework Directive, by 2015

W1ib: To improve biotic quality ratings, where possible, to Q5

Indicator W1ii: EPA Target W1iia: To achieve a Environmental Trophic Status of Lakes minimum trophic status of Protection Agency mesotrophic, in line with the requirement to achieve good water status under the Water Framework Directive, by 2015

Target W1iib: To improve trophic status, where possible, to oligotrophic

W2: Groundwater Quality W2: Compliance with As noted under Standards and Threshold Groundwater Quality Standards Section 2.3.1 data Values under Directive and Threshold Values under may not be available 2006/118/EC Directive 2006/118/EC for this indicator when the monitoring evaluation is being prepared.

South Dublin County Council 119 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Environmental Selected Indicator(s) Selected Target(s) Sources Component Water (cont.) W3: Number of W3: Minimise developments Development developments granted granted permission on lands Management Process permission on lands which which pose - or are likely to pose in South Dublin pose - or are likely to pose in the future - a significant flood County Council in the future - a significant risk flood risk

Air and Climatic C1i: Percentage of C1i: An increase in the Central Statistics Factors population within the percentage of the population Office: Dublin County travelling to work or within the County travelling to Transportation Office school by public transport work or school by public or non-mechanical means transport or non-mechanical means

C1ii: Average distance C1ii: A decrease in the As noted under travelled to work or school average distance travelled to Section 2.3.1, future by the population of the work or school by the population monitoring data may County of the County not be available for these indicators until results from the next Census are made available.

C2 Extent of developments C2 Majority of development SDCC Development built within areas of high permitted in areas of high public Management System quality public transport transport accessibility. and GIS system. accessibility

South Dublin County Council 120 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Environmental Selected Indicator(s) Selected Target(s) Sources Component

Material Assets M1: Number of new M1: All new developments Development developments granted to require appropriate waste Management Process permission which cannot be water systems. in SDCC adequately served by a public waste water treatment plant over the lifetime of the CDP

M2: Drinking water quality M2: To maintain and improve Environmental standards, (Microbiological, drinking water quality in South Protection Agency, Chemical and Indicator Dublin County to comply with Development parameters) requirements of the European Management Process Communities (Drinking Water) in SDCC Regulations 2000

Cultural CH1: Number of CH1: No unauthorised Development Heritage unauthorised developments occurring which Management Process developments occurring result in full or partial loss to in South Dublin which result in full or partial entries to the Record of County Council; loss to entries to the Record Monuments and Places - Complaints from of Monuments and Places - including Zones of statutory consultees including Zones of Archaeological Potential - and Archaeological Potential - the context of the above within and the context of the the surrounding landscape above within the where relevant surrounding landscape where relevant Development CH2i: Number of CH2i: No unauthorised Management Process unauthorised developments occurring which in South Dublin developments occurring result in physical loss or loss County Council; which result in physical loss entries to the Record of Complaints from or loss entries to the Record Protected Structures and/or their statutory consultees of Protected Structures context within the surrounding and/or their context within landscape where relevant the surrounding landscape where relevant

CH2ii: Number of CH2ii: Make Additions to the additions to the Record of Record of Protected Structures Protected Structures and and make additional ACAs, the number of additional where appropriate ACAs

South Dublin County Council 121 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Environmental Selected Indicator(s) Selected Target(s) Sources Component

Landscape L1: Percentage of L1: No developments Development developments permitted in permitted which result in Management Process the Mountain, High avoidable impacts on the in South Dublin Amenity, Liffey Valley and landscape - especially with County Council; Rural zones that have regard to the County’s Complaints from carried out landscaping landscapes which are most statutory consultees proposals as required by valuable and most sensitive to condition of planning change and protected focal permission points and views - resulting from development which is granted permission under the CDP

Table 9.1 Selected Indicators, Targets and Monitoring Sources

South Dublin County Council 122 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Appendix 1 Detailed Assessment of Plan Policies

1.1 Methodology

This section evaluates South Dublin County Council’s Plan aims, policies and objectives. Strategic Environmental Objectives (SEOs) are used as outlined under Section 4 in order to evaluate the relevant measures of the Plan. Use has been made of the environmental baseline descriptions and the maps of the individual components provided in Section 3 for this purpose.

The interactions between the SEOs and the policies and objectives of the Plan determine the effects of implementing the Plan. These effects include secondary, cumulative, synergistic, short, medium and long-term permanent and temporary, positive and negative effects. The SEOs for any effects, other than direct effects, are coloured blue in the Matrices that follow.

The table below details all the SEOs which have been developed from international, national and regional policies which generally govern environmental protection objectives.

Note on uncertainty:

With regard to policies and objectives evaluated as having an uncertain interaction with the status of SEOs, the interaction and environmental impacts, if any, which the implementation of these Plan measures would have would be determined by: the nature and extent of development arising from these Plan measures, and; site specific environmental factors. These impacts may be assessed as part of a lower tier SEA, as part of an EIA of a particular project and/or by the development management process.

Avoidance of conflict is dependent upon the development management process only granting permission for individual projects arising from these measures which do not conflict with the status of SEOs. Providing other Plan measures, including the measures recommended by this report, and measures arising out of lower tier assessments are complied with, conflicts with SEOs would be likely to be avoided.

South Dublin County Council 123 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

SEO Strategic Environmental Objective Code B1 To avoid loss of habitats, geological features, species or their sustaining resources in designated ecological sites

B2 To avoid significant adverse impacts, including direct, cumulative and indirect impacts, to habitats, geological features, species or their sustaining resources in designated ecological sites by development within or adjacent to these sites

B3 To sustain, enhance or - where relevant - prevent the loss of ecological networks or parts thereof which provide significant connectivity between areas of local biodiversity HH1 To protect human health from hazards or nuisances arising from traffic and incompatible landuses

S1 To maximise the sustainable re-use of brownfield lands and the existing built environment, rather than developing greenfield lands

S3 To minimise waste production and reduce the volume of waste to landfill and to operate sustainable waste management practices.

W1 To maintain and improve, where possible, the quality of rivers, lakes and surface water W2 To prevent pollution and contamination of ground water

W3 To prevent development on lands which pose - or are likely to pose in the future – a significant flood risk C1 To minimise increases in travel related greenhouse emissions to air

C2 To reduce car dependency within the County by way of, inter alia, encouraging modal change from car to more sustainable forms of public transport and encouraging development which will not be dependent on private transport M1 To serve new development under the CDP with appropriate waste water treatment M2 To maintain and improve the quality of drinking water supplies CH1 To protect the archaeological heritage of South Dublin with regard to entries to the Record of Monuments and Places - including Zones of Archaeological Potential - and the context of the above within the surrounding landscape where relevant CH2 To preserve and protect the special interest and character of South Dublin’s architectural heritage with regard to entries to the Record of Protected Structures, Architectural Conservation Areas, and their context within the surrounding landscape where relevant L1 To protect and avoid significant adverse impacts on the landscape, landscape features and designated scenic routes; especially with regard to areas of high amenity, the Dublin Mountain Area, and the Liffey and Dodder Valleys

Strategic Environmental Objectives (SEOs)38

38 Strategic Environmental Objectives (SEOs) are methodological measures which are developed from international, national and regional policies which generally govern environmental protection objectives and against which the environmental effects of the Plan can be tested. The SEOs are used as standards against which the provisions of the Plan can be evaluated in order to help identify areas in which significant adverse impacts are likely to occur, if unmitigated against.

South Dublin County Council 124 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

South Dublin County Council 125 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Chapter 1 Introduction and Core Strategy

Likely to Probable Potential Uncertain Neutral No Likely Improve Conflict Conflict interaction Interaction interaction status of with status with status with status with status with status SEOs of SEOs- of SEOs- of SEOs of SEOs of SEOs Unlikely to likely to be be mitigated mitigated

Objectives/Strategy

The policies and objectives of the Development Plan are underpinned HH1 C1 B1 B2 B3 by the following overarching considerations: C2 B1 B2 W1 W2 B3 W1 W3 S1 (a) Quality of Life, with an emphasis on key economic, environmental, W2 W3 S1 CH1 CH2 social and cultural indicators; L1 (b) Prosperity, with an emphasis on contributing to a competitive business environment that supports economic development, job creation and prosperity for all; (c) Sustainability, with an emphasis on making better use of key resources such as land, buildings, water, energy, waste and transport infrastructure; (d) Health and Wellbeing, by facilitating active and healthy lifestyles with increased opportunities for walking, cycling and active sport and recreation; (e) Social Inclusion, with an emphasis on creating socially and physically inclusive neighbourhoods, taking account of the recommendations of The National Disability Strategy Implementation Plan 2013-3015 and Inclusion Ireland’s Changing Places campaign; and

South Dublin County Council 126 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

(f)Climate Change Adaption, with increased emphasis on reducing climate change at a local level through settlement and travel patterns, energy use and protection of green infrastructure.

Overall, the vision for the Development Plan will be likely to improve the status of many of the SEOs, particularly those relating to location of housing in proximity to public transport and within walking distances of community facilities, all of which will act to reduce emissions, car based movements, reduce noise and improve human health (SEO HH1 C1 C2). In addition to the positive impacts there is some potential for conflict with Biodiversity, water, landscape and archaeological/architectural objectives although these conflicts are likely to be mitigated (SEO B1 B2 W1 W2 W3 CH1 CH2 L1). The provision of a green infrastructure network will allow for the retention of the existing ecological networks and lessen the possibility of adverse impacts on the Dublin Bay designated sites (SEO B1 B2 B3). Design and layout of new developments will be required to ensure that the water quality is maintained and improved, through retaining rivers and streams along with associated buffer zones, providing for SuDS, and restricting development on lands susceptible to flooding (SEO W1 W2 W3).; the concentration approach whilst having positive affects in terms of treatment of wastewater, may give rise to significant negative impacts due to ongoing capacity problems at Ringsend WwTw (SEO M1). Concentration of development will maintain and improve the quality of drinking water by limiting negative impacts on quality of drinking water which would result from more widespread Greenfield development across the county. Any improvements to water quality will be more cost effective and impact on more people (M2).

Policies/Objectives

CORE STRATEGY (CS) Policy 1 Consolidation Areas within the HH1 C1 B1 B2 B3 M1 Gateway C2 S1 W1W2 W3 B1 B2 B3 L1 It is the policy of the Council to promote the consolidation and W1W2W3 sustainable intensification of development to the east of the M50 and south of the River Dodder. HH1 C1 B1 B2 B3 M1 CS1 Objective 1: To promote and support high quality infill C2 S1 W1W2 W3 development. B1 B2 B3 L1 W1W2W3 CS1 Objective 2: To promote and support the regeneration of HH1 C1 B1 B2 B3 M1 underutilised industrial areas within areas designated with Zoning C2 S1 W1W2 W3 Objective Regeneration ‘REGEN’ to facilitate enterprise and/or B1 B2 B3 L1 residential led mixed use development. W1W2W3

South Dublin County Council 127 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

CS1 Objective 3: To promote and support the development of HH1 C1 B1 B2 B3 M1 undeveloped zoned lands and promote pre-application consultation C2 S1 W1W2 W3 in accordance with Section 247 of the Planning and Development Act B1 B2 B3 L1 2000 (as amended). W1W2W3

Prioritisation of development on brownfield lands, prior to rezoning Greenfield lands, in order to accommodate a growing population would be most suitable. Accommodation of population on brown or Greenfield lands may require amelioration of habitat networks. Consolidation of development in built up areas should ensure no adverse effects on important habitat networks and river systems

CORE STRATEGY (CS) Policy 2 Metropolitan Consolidation Towns HH1 C1 B1 B2 B3 M1 It is the policy of the Council to support the sustainable long-term C2 S1 W1W2 W3 growth of Metropolitan Consolidation Towns through consolidation B1 B2 B3 L1 and urban expansion. W1W2W3 HH1 C1 B1 B2 B3 M1 CS2 Objective 1: To promote and facilitate urban expansion on C2 S1 W1W2 W3 designated Strategic Development Zone sites at Adamstown and B1 B2 B3 L1 Clonburris, in tandem with the delivery of high capacity public W1W2W3 transport services and subject to an approved Planning Scheme

HH1 C1 B1 B2 B3 M1 CS2 Objective 2: To provide sufficient zoned lands to accommodate C2 S1 W1W2 W3 future population growth in Metropolitan Consolidation Towns. B1 B2 B3 L1 W1W2W3 HH1 C1 B1 B2 B3 M1 CS2 Objective 3: To provide sufficient zoned land to accommodate C2 S1 W1W2 W3 services, facilities, retail and economic activity in Metropolitan B1 B2 B3 L1 Consolidation Towns. W1W2W3

CS2 Objective 4: To promote and support the regeneration of HH1 C1 B1 B2 B3 M1 underutilised industrial areas within areas designated with Zoning C2 S1 W1W2 W3 Objective Regeneration ‘REGEN’ (to facilitate enterprise and/or B1 B2 B3 L1 residential led mixed use development) W1W2W3

South Dublin County Council 128 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

CS2 Objective 5: To promote and support high quality infill HH1 C1 B1 B2 B3 M1 development in existing built-up areas. C2 S1 W1W2 W3 B1 B2 B3 L1 W1W2W3 CS2 Objective 6: To promote higher residential densities at HH1 C1 B1 B2 B3 M1 appropriate locations, adjacent to town centres or high capacity C2 S1 W1W2 W3 public transport nodes (Luas / Rail). B1 B2 B3 L1 W1W2W3

The Core Strategy prioritises development on brownfield lands, prior to rezoning Greenfield lands, in order to accommodate a growing population. Accommodation of population on brown or Greenfield lands may require amelioration of habitat networks. Consolidation of development in built up areas should ensure no adverse effects on important habitat networks and river systems

CORE STRATEGY (CS) Policy 3 Moderate Sustainable Growth HH1 C1 B1 B2 B3 M1 Town C2 S1 W1 W2 It is the policy of the Council to support the sustainable long-term M2 W3 L1 growth of Moderate Sustainable Growth Towns/Emerging Moderate B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 Sustainable Growth Towns based on the capacity of public W3 transport connections and the capacity of social infrastructure

CS3 Objective 1: To support and facilitate development on HH1 C1 B1 B2 B3 M1 zoned lands on a phased basis subject to approved Local Area Plans. C2 S1 W1 W2 M2 W3 L1 B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 W3 CS3 Objective 2: To provide sufficient zoned land to HH1 C1 B1 B2 B3 M1 accommodate services, facilities, retail and economic activity. C2 S1 W1 W2 M2 W3 L1 B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 W3 Sustainable settlement patterns around high frequency public transport stops are being promoted and walking/cycling based movement patterns are being encouraged. (SEO HH1 C1 C2). Concentrating development into a particular area will have a positive indirect impact on biodiversity and water

South Dublin County Council 129 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

as it will reduce the impact of development in other areas. (SEO B1 B2 B3 W1W2) The concentration of development would be positive in terms of treatment of wastewater but the existing capacity problems at Ringsend WwTp may give rise to significant negative impacts (SEO M1). CORE STRATEGY (CS) Policy 4 Small Towns HH1 C1 B1 B2 B3 M1 It is the policy of the Council to support the sustainable long-term C2 S1 W1 W2 growth of Small Towns based on local demand and the ability of local M2 W3 L1 services to cater for growth. B1 B2 B3 W1 W2

W3

CS4 Objective 1: To support and facilitate development on zoned HH1 C1 B1 B2 B3 M1 lands on a phased basis subject to approved Local Area Plans. C2 S1 W1 W2 M2 W3 L1 B1 B2 B3 W1 W2

W3 HH1 C1 B1 B2 B3 M1 CS4 Objective 2: To provide sufficient zoned land to C2 S1 W1 W2 accommodate services, facilities, retail and economic activity. M2 W3 L1 B1 B2 B3 W1 W2

W3 Sustainable settlement patterns around high frequency public transport stops are being promoted and walking/cycling based movement patterns are being encouraged. (SEO HH1 C1 C2). Concentrating development into a particular area will have a positive indirect impact on biodiversity and water as it will reduce the impact of development in other areas. (SEO B1 B2 B3 W1 W2) The concentration of development would be positive in terms of treatment of wastewater but the existing capacity problems at Ringsend WwTp may give rise to significant negative impacts (SEO M1).

CORE STRATEGY (CS) Policy 5 Rural Areas B1 B2 B3 W3 CH1 HH1 C1 CH2 It is the policy of the Council restrict the spread of dwellings in the C2 S1 W1 rural “RU”, mountain “HA-DM”, Liffey Valley “HA-LV” and Dodder W2 M1 Valley “HA-DV” zones based on the criteria set out in the Rural M2 L1 Settlement Strategy contained in Chapter 2.0 Housing.

South Dublin County Council 130 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

CS5 Objective 1: To implement the Rural Settlement Strategy B1 B2 B3 W3 CH1 contained in Chapter 2 Housing. HH1 C1 CH2 C2 S1 W1 W2 M1 M2 L1 Restricting development in the rural and upland areas will maintain habitats, networks and river systems, in addition to reducing car based movements, which due to a lack of public transport, and community services, would be a necessity in rural and upland areas. Restriction of development would encourage development in villages, and the urban area, and encourage sustainable use of infrastructural services such as waste and water piping. Restrictions on development would also reduce the impact on the landscape. Notwithstanding restrictions limited development will occur in these areas and there will be conflicts which can be mitigated in these circumstances.

B1 B2 B3 M1 CORE STRATEGY (CS) Policy 6 Local Area Plans W1 W2W3 HH1 C1 L1 It is the policy of the Council to prepare Local Area Plans as C2 S1 appropriate, and to prioritise areas that are likely to experience large B1 B2 B3 scale residential or commercial development or regeneration. W1W2W3

CS6 Objective 1: To prepare Local Area Plans for areas that is likely HH1 C1 B1 B2 B3 M1 to experience large scale residential or commercial development or C2 S1 W1 W2W3 regeneration. B1 B2 B3 L1 W1W2W3 CS6 Objective 2: To support a plan led approach in Local Area Plan HH1 C1 B1 B2 B3 M1 areas by ensuring that development complies with the specific local C2 S1 W1 W2W3 requirements of the Local Area Plan in addition to the policies and B1 B2 B3 L1 objectives contained in this Development Plan. W1W2W3 CS6 SLO 1: To prepare a Ballymount Local Area Plan for lands HH1 C1 zoned REGEN, EE, and LC, stretching southwest from Walkinstown C2 S1 Roundabout along the Greenhills Road (including those areas B1 B2 B3 adjacent to Greenhills Estate) to the M50, north from there to the Red W1 W2 Cow, east from there along the Naas Road to the city boundary, and W3 along the boundary back to Walkinstown Roundabout. The subject Local Area Plan to be concluded by the end of 2018; and the lands

South Dublin County Council 131 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

north of this between the M50, the Grand Canal and city boundary currently zoned EE to be considered for inclusion in this plan. The Naas Road Framework Plan (2010) to be taken into consideration during the preparation of the Local Area Plan.

CS6 SLO 2: That a Local Area Plan be initiated for the community HH1 C1 B1 B2 B3 M1 of Kingswood (Naas Road) with a view to the sustainability of this C2 S1 W1 W3 L1 community being protected and which provides for retail and other B1 B2 B3 commercial opportunities and amenities, community facilities, W1W2 employment opportunities and connectivity to the adjoining W3 residential and commercial areas. The preparation of a Local Area Plan for Kingswood to be initiated within two years of the adoption of this County Development Plan

CS6 SLO 3: To support Brittas as a sustainable community and B1 B2 B3 rural village of outstanding natural beauty and to prepare a planning S1 W1 W2 study and study boundary for Brittas Village, in consultation with local W3 L1 residents, landowners and local representatives, having regard to the implications of the proposed Natural Heritage Area designations, the future protection and enhancement of the village, the development of tourism potential in the area with a view to the long term viability of the local community. The planning study to commence within 6 months of the adoption of this County Development Plan and to include an analysis of population and housing data.

Sustainable settlement patterns around public transport stops and walking/cycling based movement patterns are being encouraged. (SEO HH1 C1 C2). Concentrating development into particular areas will have a positive indirect impact on biodiversity and water as it will reduce the impact of development in other areas. (SEO B1 B2 B3 W1-W2) The concentration of development would be positive in terms of treatment of wastewater but the existing capacity problems at Ringsend WwTp may give rise to significant negative impacts (SEO M1).

Regarding SLO3, Brittas is located in the sensitive Dublin Mountain Area. A pNHA is proximate to the area, and there is evidence that lands surrounding Brittas are used as feeding grounds by protected species utilising Blessington Lakes. Development of these lands should consider impacts of

South Dublin County Council 132 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

development on sensitive biodiversity sites, effects upon water resources such as lakes, rivers and groundwater as well as the effect of additional development upon the sensitive landscape of the area. Brittas is located in the southernmost section of the county and is distant from many services and centres. Development in the area could generate sprawl and would be serviced by car based transport, thereby increasing air emissions etc. CORE STRATEGY (CS) Policy 7 Strategic Development Zones B1 B2 B3 B3 W1 W2 M1 HH1 S3 W3 It is the policy of the Council to continue to implement the approved W1 W2 Planning Schemes for Adamstown SDZ and to secure the W3 C1 C2 implementation of an approved Planning Scheme for the Clonburris M1 M2 SDZ. CH1 CH2 L1

CS7 Objective 1: To support the delivery of sufficient public HH1 C1 B3 W1 W2 transport and road capacity to facilitate sustainable new development C2 S1 L1 W3 in Strategic Development Zones

Prioritisation of development on brownfield lands, prior to rezoning Greenfield lands, is considered the most appropriate approach to addressing housing and development needs in the county. Accommodation of population on brown or Greenfield lands may require amelioration of habitat networks CORE STRATEGY (CS) Policy 8 National Climate Change Strategy B1 B2 B3 It is the policy of the Council to support the implementation of the HH1 W1 National Climate Change Strategy and the National Climate Change W2 W3 S1 Adaption Framework Building Resilience to Climate Change 2012 through the County Development Plan and through the preparation of a Climate Change Adaptation Plan in conjunction with all relevant stakeholders

Supporting and promoting the implementation of Government policies will have a positive effects on measures towards minimising impacts of climate change

South Dublin County Council 133 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Chapter 2 Housing Likely to Probable Potential Uncertain Neutral No Likely Improve Conflict Conflict interaction Interaction interaction status of with with with status with status with status SEOs status status of of SEOs of SEOs of SEOs of SEOs- SEOs- Unlikely likely to to be be mitigated mitigated

Policies/Objectives

HOUSING (H) Policy 1 Housing Strategy HH1 S1 C1 M1 C2 CH2 M2 It is the policy of the Council to implement the Interim South Dublin County Council Housing Strategy 2016-2022 (and any superseding Housing Strategy) agreed by the Council and to carry out a full review of the Housing Strategy as part of the mandatory Two Year Development Plan review.

H1 Objective 1: To significantly increase the stock of social housing in the No direct control of South Dublin County Council in order to meet the long interaction term housing needs of those households on the local authority housing with SEOs list. H1 Objective 2: To apply a 10% social housing requirement, HH1 S1 C1 pursuant to Part V of the Planning and Development Act 2000 (as C2 amended) to all sites that are zoned solely for residential use, or for a mixture of residential and other uses, (save where the development qualifies for a modified or amended obligation or is otherwise exempted). H1 Objective 3: To review the South Dublin County Council HH1 S1 C1 Interim Housing Strategy 2016-2022 as part of the mandatory Two Year C2 CH2 Development Plan review.

South Dublin County Council 134 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

H1 Objective 4: To promote social integration and facilitate a diverse range of dwelling tenures within housing developments including HH1 S1 C1 social housing in a balanced way in all Local Electoral Areas of the County. C2 CH2

H1 Objective 5: To ensure that those with specific housing needs, such as older persons, persons with disabilities, homeless persons and HH1 S1 C1 travellers, are accommodated in a manner appropriate to their specific C2 CH2 needs. The re-development of the Oldcastle Park Traveller Accommodation Site should be prioritised.

H1 Objective 6: To facilitate the development of emergency HH1 S1 C1 accommodation including hostels for homeless individuals and families in C2 a balanced way located throughout the County and not concentrated in any particular area.

H1 Objective 7: To meet the County’s need for social housing HH1 S1 C1 provision through a range of mechanisms, including Part V of the Planning C2 and Development Act 2000 (as amended), a social housing building programme, acquisition, leasing, Housing Assistance Payment (HAP) scheme, Rental Accommodation Schemes (RAS) and the utilisation of existing housing stock. This should include for the provision of one bedroom units for homeless housing need. H1 Objective 8: HH1 S1 C1 To ensure an adequate provision of social housing across the County C2 through the facilitation of the transfer of lands and other appropriate mechanisms with third parties to ensure an appropriate distribution of new social housing and to avoid additional concentration of social housing above that already in existence. H1 Objective 9: To facilitate the development of a new Women’s Refuge No within the County to include emergency accommodation and transitional interaction units. with SEOs

South Dublin County Council 135 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

H1 Objective 9: To establish an ‘Arm’s length’ company-housing trust No within South Dublin County Council administrative area or in partnership interaction with other Dublin Local Authorities in order to access additional funding with SEOs for the provision of local authority controlled social housing.

Prioritisation of development on brownfield lands, prior to rezoning Greenfield lands, in order to accommodate a growing population would be most suitable. Accommodation of population on brown or Greenfield lands may require amelioration of habitat networks. Consolidation of development in built up areas should ensure no adverse effects on important habitat networks and river systems. Provision of housing for people with specific housing needs within the wider housing provision will help to consolidate development, make best use of existing land resources and reduce environmental impacts.

HOUSING (H) Policy 2 Supply of Housing B1 B2 S1 B3 C1 C2 M1 W1 W2 W1 W2 It is the policy of the Council to seek to ensure that sufficient zoned land W3 W3 continues to be available at appropriate locations to satisfy the housing M2 requirements of the County.

B1 B2 S1 B3 C1 C2 M1 H2 Objective 1: To ensure that sufficient zoned land, which could be W1 W2 W1 W2 serviced by sufficient public transport and road capacity, continues to be W3 W3 available at appropriate locations to satisfy the housing requirements of M2 the County and to support and facilitate the development of housing lands based on the Settlement Strategy outlined in Chapter 1 Introduction and Core Strategy.

Prioritisation of development on brownfield lands, prior to rezoning Greenfield lands, in order to accommodate a growing population would be most suitable. Accommodation of population on brown or Greenfield lands may require amelioration of habitat networks. Consolidation of development in built up areas should ensure no adverse effects on important habitat networks and river systems

South Dublin County Council 136 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

HOUSING (H) Policy 3 Housing for Older People HH1 S1 S3 M1 It is the policy of the Council to support the provision of accommodation C1 C2 L1 for Older People in established residential and mixed use areas that offers M2 a choice and mix of accommodation types to Older People (independent and semi-independent living) within their communities and at locations that are proximate to services and amenities. H3 Objective 1: To support housing that is designed for Older People HH1 S1 S3 M1 (including independent, semi-independent or nursing home C1 C2 L1 accommodation) in residential and mixed use areas, at locations that are proximate to existing services and amenities including pedestrian paths, local shops, parks and public transport.

H3 Objective 2: To provide for the sub-division of large houses or M1 amalgamation of smaller houses within established areas HH1 C1 C2 for the purpose of providing independent, semi-independent or nursing S1 M2 home accommodation. Such development should be subject to the car parking standards and the standards on dwelling subdivision as set out under Chapter 11 Implementation. A Traffic Impact Statement will be required in the case of major traffic generating developments or where it is considered that there would be a significant impact on the County road network. H3 Objective 3:To support community led housing developments for B1 B2 B3 M1 Older People in established areas on lands designated with Zoning L1 Objective “OS” “To preserve and provide for open space and recreational amenities”, where the quality and quantum of remaining public open space is deemed to be adequate and the amenities of the area are preserved.

H3 Objective 4: To carry out, during the lifetime of this Plan, a Beyond comprehensive study of options for housing for older people in those the scope parts of the County with the highest proportions of older people, and to of the SEA make specific recommendations for housing provision in these areas.

South Dublin County Council 137 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

H3 SLO 1: To facilitate the development of lands at Edmondstown C1 C2 B2 B3 W1 M1 M2 (former Kilmashogue House) for the purpose of low density residential W3 L1 development at a net density of not more than 12 dwellings per hectare and to promote housing for older people (nursing home, independent and semi-independent) as a fully integrated part of such development with an increased density of not more than 20 dwellings per hectare to apply to independent and semi-independent housing for older people. All residential development, including housing for older people, shall be integrated within a sustainable residential neighbourhood that is served by shared public open space, community and local facilities. Permissible densities may be increased in accordance with the relevant ministerial guidelines where issues of accessibility have been fully resolved in an appropriate manner. Any future development should have regard to the boundaries with and the protection of the existing amenity and function of Edmondstown golf course H3 SLO 2: S1 HH1 To support the retirement development permitted under SD14A/0021 – C1 C2 B1 PL 06S.243745 in Ballynakelly, Newcastle until such time as that permitted B2 B3 L1 development is complete H3 SLO 3: To support the development of St Brigid’s Nursing home HH1 C1 C2 at Crooksling as a centre that provides for the care of elderly people in nursing home accommodation.

Location of such facilities is of great importance due to the potential lack of mobility of residents, as well as the need to be proximate to social facilities and public transport, in order to allow for independence and wellbeing. Location of community led housing on areas of open space may lead to the gradual degradation of the open spaces and impact on the green infrastructure network in the County , in particular where no new parks/open spaces are proposed to offset the use of these areas for community led housing. The development of open space for these purposes may also impact on the landscape character of an area, if sufficient mitigation measures are not incorporated and it can also lead to erosion of existing habitat networks and impact on species.

With regards to the lands at Edmondstown (SLO1), (SEO C1 C2) they are considered too remote for public transport to be provided to serve them, as well as being proximate to existing community facilities. (SEO B2-L1) The land in question is Greenfield. The Whitechurch River, a main tributary of the Dodder runs along the eastern section of the land. The impacts of development upon the river and its riparian zone must be considered. The land is elevated, at

South Dublin County Council 138 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

points above the 120m contour, with mature field boundaries. Development would impact on the landscape, and may be highly visible, due to the site elevation

Regarding SLO4, this SLO for rural zoned lands in Newcastle would provide for housing on significant amounts of Greenfield land in a predominantly rural area, adjacent to a dormitory village served by infrequent public transport. Development could result in impact on existing features such as biodiversity corridors, river, the rural landscape, and would result in a significant and unsustainable increase in car based emissions, unless sufficiently mitigated. HOUSING (H) Policy 4 Student Accommodation HH1 C1 C2 W3 CH1 M1 It is the policy of the Council to support the provision of accommodation for third level students in the campus of Third Level Institution or at other appropriate locations that are in proximity to centres of third level education.

H4 Objective 1: To support the development of student accommodation HH1 C1 C2 W3 CH1 M1 in the campus of a recognised Third Level institution or at other suitable locations throughout the County proximate to public transport links.

Provision of accommodation close to centres of third level education will minimise the need for car based transport and increase public transport use, thereby reducing traffic/noise emissions and improve human health (SEO HH1 C1 C2). Potential impact from development in areas of flood risk, appropriate waste water treatment and on the architectural/archaeological potential of buildings but these can be mitigated against in terms of design/construction standards (SEO W3 M1 CH1). HOUSING (H) Policy 5 Traveller Accommodation M1

It is the policy of the Council to implement the South Dublin County B1 M1 M2 HH1 C1 Council Traveller Accommodation Programme 2014 – 2018 (and any C2 superseding programmes agreed by the Council) in accordance with the principles of proper planning and sustainable development.

H5 Objective 1: To implement the South Dublin County Council Traveller HH1 C1 Accommodation Programme 2014-2018 (and any superseding C2 programme).

H5 Objective 2: To ensure that Traveller Accommodation is located in HH1 C1 C2 M1 proximity to services, including public transport.

South Dublin County Council 139 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

H5 Objective 3: To provide long term sustainable Traveller HH1 C1 C2 M1 Accommodation developments, while ensuring proper provision of infrastructure.

H5 Objective 4: To ensure that all Traveller Accommodation is provided HH1 C1 C2 M1 to the highest standard and following detailed consultation with local communities and Traveller advocacy groups

H5 Objective 5: To ensure that every halting site has basic amenities such HH1 C1 C2 M1 as water & ESB and are situated to enable as much integration with local communities as possible, i.e. access to schools, GPs, shops, playgrounds and sports clubs.

Prioritisation of development on brownfield lands, prior to rezoning Greenfield lands, in order to accommodate a growing population is considered the most appropriate approach to addressing housing and development needs in the county. Accommodation of population on brown or Greenfield lands may require amelioration of habitat networks. Some of the proposed locations for Traveller accommodation identified in the Traveller Accommodation Programme 2014-2018 do not comply with this sustainable placemaking model. HOUSING (H) Policy 6 Sustainable Communities HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 It is the policy of the Council to support the development of sustainable S1 communities and to ensure that new housing development is carried out in accordance with Government policy in relation to the development of housing and residential communities. Prioritisation of development on brownfield lands, prior to rezoning Greenfield lands, in order to accommodate a growing population is most suitable. Accommodation of population on brown or Greenfield lands may require amelioration of habitat networks. HOUSING (H) Policy 7 Urban Design in Residential Developments HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 S1 W1 W2 It is the policy of the Council to ensure that all new residential W3 S1 development within the County is of high quality design and complies with CH1 CH2 L1 Government guidance on the design of sustainable residential development and residential streets including that prepared by the Minister under Section 28 of the Planning & Development Act 2000 (as amended).

South Dublin County Council 140 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

H7 Objective 1: To ensure that residential development HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 contributes to the creation of sustainable communities in accordance with W1 W2 the requirements of the Guidelines for Planning Authorities on Sustainable W3 S1 Residential Development in Urban Areas, DOECLG (2009) (or any CH1 CH2 superseding document) including the urban design criteria and as L1 illustrated under the companion Urban Design Manual – A Best Practice Guide, DOEHLG, (2009).

H7 Objective 2: To ensure that residential development provides an HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 integrated and balanced approach to movement, place-making and W1 W2 streetscape design in accordance with the requirements of the Design W3 S1 Manual for Urban Roads and Streets (DMURS). CH1 CH2 L1 H7 Objective 3: To support public realm improvements as part of infill L1 S1 developments.

H7 Objective 4: L1 S1 That any future development of both residential and/or commercial developments in Palmerstown Village and the greater Palmerstown Area shall not be higher than or in excess of three stories in height. Providing for an identifiable street hierarchy, with active frontages, a fine grain of plot sizes and mixed uses, along with other place making devices, will allow for the facilitation of urban places which can accommodate differing densities and uses. This will create critical mass to allow for functional and efficient public transport, resulting in reduced car based movements and improved human health (SEO HH1 C1 C2). There is potential for conflict with Biodiversity, water, landscape and archaeological/architectural objectives although these conflicts are likely to be mitigated (SEO B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 W3 CH1 CH2 L1). HOUSING (H) Policy 8 Residential Densities HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 M1 S1 W1 W3 It is the policy of the Council to promote higher residential densities at B1 B2 B3 L1 appropriate locations and to ensure that the density of new residential W1 W2 development is appropriate to its location and surrounding context.

South Dublin County Council 141 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

H8 Objective 1: To ensure that the density of residential development HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 M1 makes efficient use of zoned lands and maximises the value of existing S1 W1 W3 and planned infrastructure and services, including public transport, B1 B2 B3 L1 physical and social infrastructure, in accordance with the Guidelines for W1 W2 Planning Authorities on Sustainable Residential Development in Urban W3 Areas, DECLG (2009).

H8 Objective 2: To consider higher residential densities at appropriate HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 M1 locations that are within proximity to Town, District and Local Centres and S1 W1 W3 high capacity public transport corridors in accordance with the Guidelines B1 B2 B3 L1 for Planning Authorities on Sustainable Residential Development in Urban W1 W2 Areas, DECLG (2009). W3 HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 M1 H8 Objective 3: To encourage the development of institutional lands S1 W1 W3 subject to the retention of their open character and the provision of B1 B2 B3 L1 quality public open space in accordance with the Guidelines for Planning W1W2W3 Authorities on Sustainable Residential Development in Urban Areas, DECLG (2009).

H8 Objective 4: To support proposals for more intensive enterprise and / HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 M1 or residential led development within areas designated with “REGEN” (To S1 W1 W3 facilitate enterprise and/or residential led regeneration),, subject to B1 B2 B3 L1 appropriate design safeguards and based on traditional urban forms that W1W2 W3 adhere to urban design criteria. HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 M1 H8 Objective 5: To ensure that development on lands for which a Local S1 W1 W3 Area Plan has been prepared comply with the local density requirements B1 B2 B3 L1 of the Local Area Plan. W1W2W3

South Dublin County Council 142 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

H8 Objective 6: B1 B2 B3 To apply the provisions contained in the Guidelines for Planning L1 W1 Authorities on Sustainable Residential Development in Urban Areas W2 W3 (DECLG 2009) relating to Outer Suburban locations, including a density range of 35-50 units per hectare, to greenfield sites that are zoned residential (RES or RES-N) and are not subject to a SDZ designation, a Local Area Plan and/or an approved plan, excluding lands within the M50 and lands on the edge or within the Small Towns/ Villages in the County.

H8 Objective 7: No To facilitate, in limited locations, four and five bed detached homes on significant lands that are appropriate to low density residential development impact

H8 SLO 1: To ensure that future development on lands at the south HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 M1 west side of the Balrothery Estate (two cottages) reflects the density of the S1 W1 W3 Balrothery estate and that the residential amenity of adjoining dwellings B1 B2 B3 L1 is protected. W1W2W3

H8 SLO2: HH1 C1 To maintain a RES zoning objective for the site identified at Coolamber HH1 C1 C2 C2 and, in considering the specific local needs of the area, to provide for the following:  A maximum residential density of 40 units per hectare;  To maintain a complete unbroken boundary comprising railings or other permanent structure along the perimeter of the site with the exception of an entrance off the Newcastle Road and pedestrian and cyclist permeability with the Finnstown Neighbourhood Centre to the north of the site. The above notwithstanding any other related policies or objectives outlined in this Plan.

South Dublin County Council 143 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

The core strategy encourages sustainable settlement patterns around a high frequency public transport system. Walking/cycling based movement patterns are also encouraged. (SEO HH1 C1 C2). Concentrating development into a particular area will have a positive indirect impact on biodiversity and water as it will reduce the impact of development in other areas. (SEO B1 B2 B3 W1-W2) The concentration of development would be positive in terms of treatment of wastewater but the existing capacity problems at Ringsend WwTp may give rise to significant negative impacts (SEO M1). There is potential conflict as with any development in respect of biodiversity and landscape, but these impacts are likely to be mitigated (B1 B2 B3 W1 W3 L1)

Regarding Objective 6, prioritisation of development on brownfield lands, prior to rezoning Greenfield lands, in order to accommodate a growing population is most suitable. Accommodation of population on brown or Greenfield lands may require amelioration of habitat networks. Consolidation of development in built up areas should ensure no adverse effects on important habitat networks and river systems. The objective however would be contrary to the SEA alternative scenario (and the Core Strategy) which seeks to consolidate development

SLO2: The provision of links to nearby services to the north of the subject site will encourage walking/cycling based movement patterns thereby reducing car based emissions and improving human health. The lack of provision of links however along the eastern boundary to the adjoining estate would encourage increase in car based movements to access facilities and reduce opportunities to access public transport on the nearby R120

HOUSING (H) Policy 9 Residential Building Heights

It is the policy of the Council to support varied building heights across S1 L1 residential and mixed use areas in South Dublin County.

H9 Objective 1: To encourage varied building heights in new residential developments to support compact urban form, sense of place, urban legibility and visual diversity. S1 L1

H9 Objective 2: To ensure that higher buildings in established areas S1 L1 respect the surrounding context.

H9 Objective 3: To ensure that new residential developments S1 L1 immediately adjoining existing one and two storey housing incorporate a gradual change in building heights with no significant marked increase in building height in close proximity to existing housing (see also Section 11.2.7 Building Height).

South Dublin County Council 144 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

L1 CH1 CH2 H9 Objective 4: To direct Tall Buildings that exceeds five storeys in height to strategic and landmark locations in Town Centres, Mixed Use zones and Strategic Development Zones and subject to an approved Local Area Plan or Planning Scheme.

H9 Objective 5: To restrict general building heights on “RES-N” zoned HH1 C1 lands south of the N7 to no more than 12 metres where not covered by a C2 S1 current statutory Local Area Plan.

H9 SLO 1: To preserve the character of Palmerstown Village by HH1 C1 limiting any future development on the former Vincent Byrne site to three C2 S1 storeys in height; and two storeys where it backs or sides onto adjoining two storey housing.

H9 SLO 2: That any future development of both residential and/or HH1 C1 commercial developments in Palmerstown Village and the greater C2 S1 Palmerstown Area shall not be higher than or in excess of three stories in height.

Tall/Landmark buildings can enhance the overall visual character and quality of the area (SEO S1 L1). There is a potential conflict with regards to impact on the natural/historic features (SEO CH1 CH2); however the restriction of these landmark buildings to certain locations within the County is likely to mitigate against the probable conflict on the landscape and archaeology/architectural heritage

However, specific restrictions outlined in SLO1 and SLO 2, proposes absolute restrictions rather than applying site analysis/urban design standards, which may impact upon the sustainable development of Brownfield lands, where such sites are proximate to public transport or services.

South Dublin County Council 145 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

HOUSING (H) Policy 10 Mix of Dwelling Types HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 It is the policy of the Council to ensure that a wide variety of adaptable W3 S1 housing types, sizes and tenures are provided in the County in accordance CH1 CH2 with the provisions of the Interim South Dublin County Council Housing L1 Strategy 2016-2022

H10 Objective 1: To ensure that new residential developments B1 B2 B3 provide for a wide variety of housing types, sizes and tenures in line with HH1 C1 C2 W1 W2 the Interim South Dublin County Council Housing Strategy 2016-2022. W3 S1 CH1 CH2 L1 Providing for an identifiable street hierarchy, with active frontages, a fine grain of plot sizes and mixed uses, along with other place making devices, will allow for the facilitation of urban places which can accommodate differing densities and uses. This will create critical mass to allow for functional and efficient public transport, resulting in reduced car based movements and improved human health (SEO HH1 C1 C2). There is potential for conflict with Biodiversity, water, landscape and archaeological/architectural objectives although these conflicts are likely to be mitigated (SEO B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 W3 CH1 CH2 L1).

Housing (H) Policy 11 Residential Design and Layout HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 It is the policy of the Council to promote a high quality of design and W3 S1 layout in new residential development and to ensure a high quality living CH1 CH2 environment for residents, in terms of the standard of individual dwelling L1 units and the overall layout and appearance of the development.

H11 Objective 1: To promote a high quality of design and layout HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 in new residential development and to ensure a high quality living W1 W2 environment for residents, in terms of the standard of individual dwelling W3 S1 units and the overall layout and appearance of the development in CH1 CH2 accordance with the standards set out in Chapter 11 Implementation. L1

South Dublin County Council 146 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

H11 Objective 2: To promote new residential developments taking B1 B2 B3 account of energy efficiency, prioritising passive house construction HH1 W1 standards, as well as renewable energy opportunities, including solar W2 W3 energy where appropriate, in accordance with Part L of the Building Regulations. Providing for an identifiable street hierarchy, with active frontages, a fine grain of plot sizes and mixed uses, along with other place making devices, will allow for the facilitation of urban places which can accommodate differing densities and uses. This will create critical mass to allow for functional and efficient public transport, resulting in reduced car based movements and improved human health (SEO HH1 C1 C2). There is potential for conflict with Biodiversity, water, landscape and archaeological/architectural objectives although these conflicts are likely to be mitigated (SEO B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 W3 CH1 CH2 L1).

Encouraging and promoting the use of renewable energy and alternative energy sources will reduce usage of conventional fossil fuel generated energy, and through introduction of passive housing and increased insulation reduce energy usage overall, thus slowing the effects of climate change (SEO B1 B2 B3 HH1 W1 W2 W3)

HOUSING (H) Policy 12 Public Open Space

It is the policy of the Council to ensure that all residential development is HH1 C1 C2 served by a clear hierarchy and network of high quality public open spaces L1 B3 that provides for active and passive recreation and enhances the visual character, identity and amenity of the area.

H12 Objective 1: To ensure that public open space in new HH1 C1 C2 residential developments complies with the ‘quantitative’ standards set L1 B3 out in Chapter 11 Implementation and the ‘qualitative standards’ set out in Chapter 11 and Chapter 4 of the Guidelines for Planning Authorities on Sustainable Residential Development in Urban Areas, DECLG, (2009), together with the design criteria illustrated under the Urban Design Manual – A Best Practice Guide, DECLG, (2009).

South Dublin County Council 147 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

H12 Objective 2: To ensure that there is a clear definition between HH1 C1 C2 public, semi-private and private open space at a local and district level and L1 B3 that all such open spaces benefit from passive surveillance from nearby residential development. HH1 C1 C2 H12 Objective 3: To enhance the recreational value of open spaces L1 B3 that serve existing residential areas as part of any future infill developments

H12 Objective 4: To develop agreed infill schemes throughout the S1 County while ensuring that no further infill schemes occur within existing estates in the RAPID areas of West Tallaght other than those agreed prior to this Plan save for when a specific extraordinary need can be identified.

Provision of adequate open space within residential developments will reduce the need to access open space elsewhere, thereby reducing car based emissions. The provision of quality open space will contribute to the overall landscape character of an area and will seek to preserve ecological networks, thereby enhancing the overall GI network in the County

Regarding infill schemes, placing restrictions rather than applying site analysis and reduces infill possibilities which may impact upon the sustainable development of Brownfield lands, where such sites are proximate to public transport or services HOUSING (H) Policy 13 Private and Semi- Private Open Space HH1 C1 C2 It is the policy of the Council to ensure that all dwellings have access to high quality private open space (inc. semi-private open space for duplex and apartment units) and that private open space is carefully integrated into the design of new residential developments H13 Objective 1: To ensure that all private open spaces for HH1 C1 C2 apartments and duplexes including balconies, patios and roof gardens are designed in accordance with the qualitative and quantitative standards (including minimum balcony sizes and depth) set out under Sustainable Urban Housing: Design Standards for New Apartments, DOECLG, (2007), the Guidelines for Planning Authorities on Sustainable Residential

South Dublin County Council 148 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Development in Urban Areas, DOECLG, (2009) and the accompanying Urban Design Manual – A Best Practice Guide, DOECLG, (2009).

HH1 C1 C2 H13 Objective 2: To ensure that new apartments have access to high quality and integrated semi-private open space that supports a range of active and passive uses, in accordance with the quantitative standards set out in Chapter 11 Implementation.

H13 Objective 3: To ensure that private amenity spaces for houses HH1 C1 C2 are designed in accordance with the quantitative standards set out in Chapter 11.0 Implementation and the qualitative standards set out under the Guidelines for Planning Authorities on Sustainable Residential Development in Urban Areas (2009) including the accompanying Urban Design Manual – A Best Practice Guide (2009). Provision of adequate private amenity space will improve the quality of life for residents and minimise impact from traffic/noise

HOUSING (H) Policy 14 Internal Residential Accommodation

It is the policy of the Council to ensure that all new housing provides a high standard of accommodation that is flexible and adaptable, to meet No impact the long term needs of a variety of household types and sizes. on SEOs

H14 Objective 1: To ensure that all residential units and residential No impact buildings are designed in accordance with the relevant quantitative on SEOs standards, qualitative standards and recommendations contained within Sustainable Urban Housing: Design Standards for New Apartments (2007), the Guidelines for Planning Authorities on Sustainable Residential Development in Urban Areas (2009) the companion Urban Design Manual and have regard to the standards and targets contained in Quality Housing for Sustainable Communities (2007) particularly the standards

South Dublin County Council 149 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

and recommendations that relate to internal amenity/layout, overall unit size, internal room sizes, room dimensions, aspect, sound insulation, communal facilities, storage, sustainability and energy efficiency.

H14 Objective 2: To support adaptable housing layouts that can No impact accommodate the changing needs of occupants, through extension or on SEOs remodelling.

HOUSING (H) Policy 15 Privacy and Security No impact on SEOs It is the policy of the Council to promote a high standard of privacy and security for existing and proposed dwellings through the design and layout of housing.

H15 Objective 1: To ensure that there is a clear definition between No impact private, semi-private and public open space that serves residential on SEOs development.

H15 Objective 2: To ensure that all developments are designed to No impact provide street frontage and to maximise surveillance of streets and spaces. on SEOs

H15 Objective 3: To ensure that private open spaces are enclosed No impact within perimeter blocks behind the building line and that they are on SEOs subdivided by suitably robust boundary treatments of a sufficient height and composition to provide adequate privacy and security.

H15 Objective 4: To ensure that opposing balconies and windows No impact at above ground floor level have an adequate separation distance, design on SEOs or positioning to safeguard privacy without compromising internal residential amenity.

South Dublin County Council 150 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

H15 Objective 5: To investigate a protocol for the development of No impact CCTV systems within housing areas where it is demonstrated that there is on SEOs a clear security and safety need subject to the protection of residential amenities including the privacy of existing dwellings.

HOUSING (H) Policy 16 STEEP OR VARYING TOPOGRAPHY SITES HH1 C1 C2 L1

It is the policy of the Council to ensure that development on lands with a steep and / or varying topography is designed and sited to minimise impacts on the natural slope of the site.

H16 Objective 1: To ensure that all developments including HH1 C1 C2 L1 buildings, streets and spaces are designed and arranged to respond to and complement the site’s natural contours and natural drainage features in accordance with the recommendations of the Urban Design Manual – A Best Practice Guide (2009). HH1 C1 C2 L1 H16 Objective 2: To avoid the use of intrusive engineered solutions, such as cut and filled platforms, embankments or retaining walls on sites with steep or varying topography.

These objectives will restrict development on steep or varying topography sites that could negatively impact on the landscape character of the area unless appropriately mitigated for (SEO L1). In the past, the use of cut and fill methods resulted in major barriers being created for the movement of pedestrians and cyclists. The reduction of these barriers and their replacement with well-designed open ended streets and pathways will encourage walking and cycling throughout the area, thereby reducing car usage and encouraging modal shift away from the motor vehicle (SEO HH1 C1 C2).

South Dublin County Council 151 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

HOUSING (H) Policy 17 Residential Consolidation HH1 C1 C2 It is the policy of the Council to support residential consolidation and S1 M2 B1 B2 B3 M1 sustainable intensification at appropriate locations, to support on ongoing L1 viability of social and physical infrastructure and services and meet the future housing needs of the County.

H17 Objective 1: To support residential consolidation and HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 M1 sustainable intensification at appropriate locations and to encourage S1 L1 consultation with existing communities and other stakeholders. . M2

HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 M1 H17 Objective 2: To maintain and consolidate the County’s S1 L1 existing housing stock through the consideration of applications for M2 housing subdivision, backland development and infill development on large sites in established areas, subject to appropriate safeguards and standards identified in Chapter 11 Implementation.

H17 Objective 3: To favourably consider proposals for the B2 B3 HH1 W1 W3 development of corner or wide garden sites within the curtilage of existing S1 C1 C2 CH2 houses in established residential areas, subject to appropriate safeguards M1 M2 and standards identified in Chapter 11 Implementation. CH1 H17 Objective 4: To promote and encourage residential uses on B1 B2 B3 the upper floors of appropriate buildings located in Town, District, Local HH1 C1 C2 L1 and Village Centres within the County save for Public Houses and S1 nightclubs and other inappropriate places where similar business is conducted.

H17 Objective 5: To ensure that new development in established B1 B2 B3 areas does not impact negatively on the amenities or character of an area. HH1 C1 C2 L1 S1

South Dublin County Council 152 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

H17 Objective 6: To support the subdivision of houses in suburban B1 B2 B3 areas that are characterised by exceptionally large HH1 C1 C2 L1 houses on relatively extensive sites where population levels are generally S1 falling and which are well served by public transport, subject to the protection of existing residential amenity H17 Objective 7: To support and facilitate the replacement of CH1 existing dwellings with one or more replacement dwellings, subject to the protection of existing residential amenities and the established character and historic character of the area (including historic character and visual setting) of the area (see Section 9.1.5 Older Buildings, Estates and Streetscapes).. H17 SLO1: C1 C2 Facilitate high quality residential development, designed to complement HH1 and address Tymon Park, and including retention of theatre uses on site and providing for facility improvements in the park area. Development of Corner/Wide garden sites policy will allow for more effective uses of existing infrastructure. Effective control of increased hard surface paving where previously garden was located is noted under the Flood Management Guidelines. Such an issue should be dealt with by Development Management in Chapter 11 Implementation. Such development should not be allowed in identified floodplains.

Providing for an identifiable street hierarchy, with active frontages, a fine grain of plot sizes and mixed uses, along with other place making devices, will allow for the facilitation of urban places which can accommodate differing densities and uses. This will create critical mass to allow for functional and efficient public transport, resulting in reduced car based movements and improved human health (SEO HH1 C1 C2). There is potential for conflict with Biodiversity, water, landscape and archaeological/architectural objectives although these conflicts are likely to be mitigated (SEO B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 W3 CH1 CH2 L1).

Regarding SLO1, it will allow for mixed use development proximate to public transport, a district centre area and adjacent amenity. Impacts on the adjacent park landscape and tree and hedgerow site boundaries are to be minimised.

B2 B3 HH1 HOUSING (H) Policy 18 Residential Extensions S1 S3 C1 It is the policy of the Council to support the extension of existing dwellings C2 L1 M1 subject to the protection of residential and visual amenities. M2 CH1 CH2

South Dublin County Council 153 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

H18 Objective 1: To favourably consider proposals to extend B2 B3 HH1 existing dwellings subject to the protection of residential and visual S1 S3 C1 amenities and compliance with the standards set out in Chapter 11 C2 L1 M1 Implementation and the guidance set out in the South Dublin County M2 CH1 Council House Extension Design Guide, 2010 (or any superseding CH2 guidelines). This policy will allow for more effective uses of existing infrastructure. Effective control of increased hard surface paving where previously garden was located is required HOUSING (H) Policy 19 Family Flats HH1 S1 C1 C2 M1 M2 It is the policy of the Council to support family flat development subject CH1 CH2 to the protection of residential and visual amenities. W1 W2 W3 H19 Objective 1: To favourably consider family flat development HH1 S1 C1 where the Council is satisfied that there is a valid need for semi- C2 M1 M2 independent accommodation for an immediate family member (such as CH1 CH2 an older parent or other dependent), subject to the design criteria outlined W1 W2 in Chapter 11 Implementation. W3

This policy will allow for more effective uses of existing infrastructure. HOUSING (H) Policy 20 Management of Single Dwellings in Rural B1 B2 B3 W3 CH1 Areas HH1 C1 C2 CH2 S1 W1 W2 It is the policy of the Council to restrict the spread of dwellings in the rural M1 M2 L1 “RU”, mountain “HA-DM”, Liffey Valley “HA-LV” and Dodder Valley “HA- DV” zones and to focus such housing into existing settlements.

Restricting development in the rural and upland areas will maintain habitats, networks and river systems, in addition to reducing car based movements, which due to a lack of public transport, and community services, would be a necessity in rural and upland areas. Restriction of development would encourage development in villages, and the urban area, and encourage sustainable use of infrastructural services such as waste and water piping. Restrictions on development would also reduce the impact on the landscape.

South Dublin County Council 154 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

HOUSING (H) Policy 21 Rural Housing Policies and Local Need Criteria B1 B2 B3 W3 CH1 HH1 C1 CH2 It is the policy of the Council that in accordance with the Sustainable Rural C2 S1 W1 Housing Guidelines DOEHLG (2005) and Circular SP 5/08 Rural Housing W2 M1 Policies and Local Need Criteria in Development Plans: Conformity with M2 L1 Articles 43 and 56 (Freedom of Establishment and Free Movement of Capital) of the European Community Treaty, “persons who are an intrinsic part of the rural community” or “persons working full-time or part-time in rural areas” as described under Section 3.2.3 (Rural generated housing) of the Sustainable Rural Housing Guidelines (2005) shall be favourably considered in relation to rural housing.

The development of new or replacement housing within the rural area may impact directly upon the existing environment, in the form of removal of existing landscape features, including those of biodiversity value, surface and groundwater, the provision of adequate services, and in many cases, increasing travel distances and car movements, and consequently levels of Greenhouse gases. In addition, the above impacts are also cumulative in nature resulting in an increased magnitude of impact. The Plan includes a series of policy measures which attempt to mitigate the significant impacts of facilitating “varied housing need” in sensitive environments HOUSING (H) Policy 22 Rural Housing in RU Zone B1 B2 B3 W3 CH1 HH1 C1 CH2 It is the policy of the Council that within areas designated with Zoning C2 S1 W1 Objective “RU” (“to protect and improve rural amenity and to provide for W2 M1 the development of agriculture”) new or replacement dwellings will only M2 L1 be permitted in exceptional circumstances.

H22 Objective 1: To consider new or replacement dwellings within areas designated with Zoning Objective “RU” (“to protect and improve rural amenity and to provide for the development of agriculture”) where:  The applicant can establish a genuine need to reside in proximity to their employment; (such employment being related to the rural community) OR

South Dublin County Council 155 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

 The applicant has close family ties with the rural community.

The development of new or replacement housing within the rural area may impact directly upon the existing environment, in the form of removal of existing landscape features, including those of biodiversity value, surface and groundwater, the provision of adequate services, and in many cases, increasing travel distances and car movements, and consequently levels of Greenhouse gases. In addition, the above impacts are also cumulative in nature resulting in an increased magnitude of impact. The Plan includes a series of policy measures which attempt to mitigate the significant impacts of facilitating “varied housing need” in sensitive environments HOUSING (H) Policy 23 Rural Housing in HA- Dublin Mountains Zone B1 B2 B3 W3 CH1 HH1 C1 CH2 It is the policy of the Council that within areas designated with Zoning C2 S1 W1 Objective “HA-DM” (“to protect and enhance the outstanding natural W2 M1 character of the Dublin Mountains Area”) new or replacement dwellings M2 L1 will be only be considered in exceptional circumstances.

H23 Objective 1: To consider new or replacement dwellings within B1 B2 B3 W3 CH1 areas designated with Zoning Objective “HA-Dublin Mountains” (“to HH1 C1 CH2 protect and enhance the outstanding natural character of the Dublin C2 S1 W1 Mountains Area”) where all of the following criteria are met: W2 M1  The applicant is a native of the area; and M2 L1  The applicant can demonstrate a genuine need for housing in that particular area; and  The development is related directly to the area’s amenity potential or to its use for agriculture, mountain or hill farming; and  The development would not prejudice the environmental capacity of the area, and that it would be in keeping with the character of the mountain area.

South Dublin County Council 156 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

These criteria are in accordance with the Sustainable Rural Housing Guidelines (2005), having regard to the outstanding character of the area and the need to preserve the environmental and landscape quality of this area.

HH1 W1 W3 CH1 H23 Objective 2: To generally prohibit development within W2 M2 CH2 restricted areas identified on the Bohernabreena / Glenasmole Reservoir C1 C2 S1 Restricted Areas Map contained in Schedule 4. L1 B1 B2 B3 M1 The development of new or replacement housing within the rural area may impact directly upon the existing environment, in the form of removal of existing landscape features, including those of biodiversity value, surface and groundwater, the provision of adequate services, and in many cases, increasing travel distances and car movements, and consequently levels of Greenhouse gases. In addition, the above impacts are also cumulative in nature resulting in an increased magnitude of impact. The Plan includes a series of policy measures which attempt to mitigate the significant impacts of facilitating “varied housing need” in sensitive environments. The SAC within Bohernabreena is not considered to be adequately protected from housing development and associated waste-water treatment. Continued unsuitable development in the Bohernabreena area will result in significant negative effects upon the SAC.

HOUSING (H) Policy 24 Rural Housing in HA – Liffey Valley and B1 B2 B3 W3 CH1 Dodder Valley HH1 C1 CH2 It is the policy of the Council that within areas designated with Zoning C2 S1 W1 Objective ‘HA –LV” (“to protect and enhance the outstanding character W2 M1 and amenity of the Liffey Valley”) and “HA –DV” (“to protect and enhance M2 L1 the outstanding character and amenity of the Dodder Valley”) residential development will only be permitted in exceptional circumstances.

H24 Objective 1: Within areas designated with the Zoning B1 B2 B3 W3 CH1 Objective ‘HA –LV” (“to protect and enhance the outstanding character HH1 C1 CH2 and amenity of the Liffey Valley”) and “HA –DV” (“to protect and enhance C2 S1 W1 the outstanding character and amenity of the Dodder Valley”) residential W2 M1 development will be restricted to: M2 L1  The replacement of an existing structure by a structure of a similar size – see H25 Objective 1;

South Dublin County Council 157 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

 The extension or alteration of an existing habitable structure – not to exceed 50% of the original structure;  The provision of a domestic garage, greenhouse, shed or similar non- residential structures where its use is incidental to the enjoyment of an existing dwelling house; and  The preservation of the high amenity landscape, views or vistas of the valley, biodiversity and amenity.

The development of replacement housing within the rural area may impact directly upon the existing environment, in the form of removal of existing landscape features, including those of biodiversity value, surface and groundwater, the provision of adequate services, and in many cases, increasing travel distances and car movements, and consequently levels of Greenhouse gases. In addition, the above impacts are also cumulative in nature resulting in an increased magnitude of impact. The Plan includes a series of policy measures which attempt to mitigate the significant impacts of facilitating “varied housing need” in sensitive environments.Restricting new residential development in the rural areas will afford greater protection to existing biodiversity, river systems and the landscape.

HOUSING (H) Policy 25 Replacement Dwellings in Rural and High Amenity Areas B1 B2 B3 HH1 W3 CH1 It is the policy of the Council to consider applications for replacement C1 C2 S1 CH2 dwellings in rural and high amenity areas where there is a genuine need W1 W2 for refurbishment and / or replacement. M1 M2 L1 H25 Objective 1: To favourably consider applications for B1 B2 B3 W3 CH1 replacement dwellings within areas designated with Zoning Objective HH1 C1 CH2 “RU” (“to protect and improve Rural Amenity and to provide for the C2 S1 W1 development of Agriculture”), Zoning Objective “HA – Dublin Mountains” W2 M1 (“to protect and enhance the outstanding natural character of the Dublin M2 L1 Mountains Area”), Zoning Objective ‘HA – Liffey Valley” (“to protect and

South Dublin County Council 158 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

enhance the outstanding character and amenity of the Liffey Valley”) and Zoning Objective “HA – Dodder Valley” (“to protect and enhance the outstanding character and amenity of the Dodder Valley”) where the Planning Authority is satisfied that all of the following are met:  There is a genuine need for replacement or refurbishment of the structure; and  The roof, internal walls and externals walls of the structure on site are substantially intact; and  The structure on site is a habitable dwelling and its use as a habitable dwelling has not been abandoned (for a period that exceeds 5 years); and  The structure on site is of limited value in terms of built heritage, character and visual amenity; and  The replacement dwelling would largely occupy the same footprint, scale and location of the dwelling to be replaced, save in exceptional circumstances where the Planning Authority agrees a more favourable position in the context of the development management criteria outlined in Chapter 11 Implementation.

The development of new or replacement housing within the rural area may impact directly upon the existing environment, in the form of removal of existing landscape features, including those of biodiversity value, surface and groundwater, the provision of adequate services, and in many cases, increasing travel distances and car movements, and consequently levels of Greenhouse gases. In addition, the above impacts are also cumulative in nature resulting in an increased magnitude of impact. The Plan includes a series of policy measures which attempt to mitigate the significant impacts of facilitating “varied housing need” in sensitive environments

South Dublin County Council 159 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

B1 B2 B3 HOUSING (H) Policy 26 Occupancy Condition HH1 C1 C2 S1 W1 W2 It is the policy of the Council that conditions attached to the grants of M1 M2 L1 permission for housing in Rural (RU), Mountain (HA-DM), Liffey Valley (HA-LV) and Dodder Valley (HA-DV) areas will include the stipulation that the house must be first occupied as a place of permanent residence by the applicant and / or by members of his / her immediate family, for a minimum period of seven years or such other longer period of time as is considered appropriate

Such agreements are temporary. Benefits of such a policy are also considered to be temporary. Requirements to include landscape assessments with applications in rural, mountain or high amenity areas, or proposals to rezone rural lands in sensitive areas with a more protective zoning may be more effective in restricting urban generated on-off housing.

HOUSING (H) Policy 27 Rural House & Extension Design It is policy of the Council to ensure that any new residential development B1 B2 in rural and high amenity areas, including houses and extensions are B3 HH1 W3 CH1 designed and sited to minimise visual impact on the character and visual C1 C2 S1 CH2 setting of the surrounding landscape. W1 W2 M1 M2 L1 H27 Objective 1: Ensure that all new rural housing and extensions within areas designated with Zoning Objective “RU” (“to protect and B1 B2 improve Rural Amenity and to provide for the development of B3 HH1 W3 CH1 Agriculture”), Zoning Objective “HA –DM” (“to protect and enhance the C1 C2 S1 CH2 outstanding natural character of the Dublin Mountains Area”), Zoning W1 W2 Objective “HA –LV” (to protect and enhance the outstanding character and M1 M2 amenity of the Liffey Valley) and Zoning Objective “HA –DV” (to protect L1 and enhance the outstanding character and amenity of the Dodder Valley):  Is designed and sited to minimise impact on the landscape including views and prospects of natural beauty or interest or

South Dublin County Council 160 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

on the amenities of places and features of natural beauty or interest including natural and built heritage features; and  Will not have a negative impact on the environment including flora, fauna, soil, water (including ground water) and human beings; and  Is designed and sited to minimise impact on the site’s natural contours and natural drainage features; and  Retains and reinstates traditional roadside and field boundaries; and  Is designed and sited to circumvent the need for intrusive engineered solutions such as cut and filled platforms, embankments or retaining walls; and  Would comply with Code of Practice Wastewater Treatment Systems Serving Single Houses (EPA, 2009) or other superseding standards; and  Would not create or exacerbate ribbon or haphazard forms of development.

The development of new or replacement housing or extensions to existing dwellings within the rural area may impact directly upon the existing environment, in the form of removal of existing landscape features, including those of biodiversity value, surface and groundwater, the provision of adequate services, and in many cases, increasing travel distances and car movements, and consequently levels of Greenhouse gases. In addition, the above impacts are also cumulative in nature resulting in an increased magnitude of impact. The Plan includes a series of policy measures which attempt to mitigate the significant impacts of facilitating “varied housing need” in sensitive environments

South Dublin County Council 161 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Chapter 3 Sustainable Communities Likely to Probable Potential Uncertain Neutral No Likely Improve Conflict Conflict interaction Interaction interaction status of with status with status with status with status with status SEOs of SEOs- of SEOs- of SEOs of SEOs of SEOs Unlikely to likely to be be mitigated mitigated

Policies/Objectives

Community Infrastructure (C) Policy 1 – Community Centres

Policy C1 M1 It is the policy of the Council to ensure that all communities have access to HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 multifunctional community centres that provide a focal point for S1 M2 W3 CH1 community activities CH2 L1

C1 Objective 1: To carry out an assessment of community floorspace HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 M1 needs in South Dublin County. S1 M2 W3 CH1 CH2 L1 C1 Objective 2: To support the provision of a network of district scale HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 M1 community centres across the County that can function as multifunctional, S1 M2 W3 CH1 active and vibrant community hubs. CH2 L1 . C1 Objective 3: To support the clustering of community facilities such as HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 M1 community centres, sports and leisure facilities and open space, to create S1 M2 W3 CH1 Multi-Purpose Community Hubs. CH2 L1 HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 M1 C1 Objective 4: To ensure that community facilities are provided in new S1 M2 W3 CH1 communities on a phased basis in tandem with the provision of housing in CH2 L1 accordance with approved Local Area Plans or Planning Schemes.

South Dublin County Council 162 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 M1 C1 Objective 5: To support the provision of new or improved facilities in S1 M2 W3 CH1 established areas. CH2 L1

HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 M1 C1 Objective 6: To ensure that community buildings are flexible and S1 M2 W3 CH1 adaptable and can be used by all age cohorts, including young people CH2 L1 (youth programmes, youth cafes, etc). C1 Objective 7: To provide additional youth cafés in areas with high HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 M1 population of young adults and to utilise existing buildings which can be S1 M2 W3 CH1 adaptable to youth programme facilities such as local libraries. CH2 L1

C1 SLO 1: HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 M1 S1 M2 W3 CH1 To support a new community centre for the Balgaddy/South Lucan Area CH2 L1 on the site of the existing Bush Centre, including a community garden, and to ensure that any community centre developed on this site meets the needs of the community and is developed in partnership with existing service providers in the Balgaddy/South Lucan Area

These objectives will facilitate more sustainable development, encourage walking based movement patterns thereby reducing car based emissions and improving human health. It will also retain and improve existing urban fabric. There is potential for conflict for new development with Biodiversity, water, landscape and archaeological/architectural objectives although these conflicts are likely to be mitigated

Community Infrastructure (C) Policy 2 – Libraries HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 M1 It is the policy of the Council to continue to provide an innovative, S1 M2 W3 CH1 community focused public library service to all who live, work and study in CH2 L1 South Dublin County. C2 Objective 1: To support the development of the County’s library HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 M1 services and the implementation of the Actions set out in the South Dublin S1 M2 W3 CH1 Library Development Plan 2012-2016 (and any future Plan) which includes, CH2 L1 amongst other actions, a Digital Hub at Palmerstown

South Dublin County Council 163 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

C2 Objective 2: To support the delivery of a new library to serve the new HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 M1 community of Adamstown in accordance with the phasing strategy set out S1 M2 W3 CH1 in the SDZ Planning Scheme and a new public library in Rowlagh. CH2 L1

These objectives will facilitate more sustainable development, encourage walking based movement patterns thereby reducing car based emissions and improving human health. It will also retain and improve existing urban fabric. There is potential for conflict for new development with Biodiversity, water, landscape and archaeological/architectural objectives although these conflicts are likely to be mitigated

Community Infrastructure (C) Policy 3 – Arts & Cultural Facilities HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 M1 It is the policy of the Council to facilitate the continued development of S1 M2 W3 CH1 arts and cultural facilities at suitable locations in the County. CH2 L1

C3 Objective 1: To facilitate the provision of arts infrastructure at suitable HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 M1 locations in the County. S1 M2 W3 CH1 CH2 L1

HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 M1 C3 Objective 2: To ensure that art and cultural facilities are accessible to S1 M2 W3 CH1 all members of the community. CH2 L1

These objectives will facilitate more sustainable development, encourage walking based movement patterns thereby reducing car based emissions and improving human health. It will also retain and improve existing urban fabric. There is potential for conflict for new development with Biodiversity, water, landscape and archaeological/architectural objectives although these conflicts are likely to be mitigated

Community Infrastructure (C) Policy 4 – Places of Worship HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 M1 It is the policy of the Council to support and facilitate the development of S1 M2 W3 CH1 places of worship and multi-faith facilities at suitable locations within the CH2 L1 County. C4 Objective 1 To support and facilitate the development of places of HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 M1 worship and multi-faith facilities at appropriate locations, such as town, S1 M2 W3 CH1 village, district and local centres or other suitable locations where they do CH2 L1 not adversely impact on existing amenities

South Dublin County Council 164 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

These objectives will facilitate more sustainable development, encourage walking based movement patterns thereby reducing car based emissions and improving human health. It will also retain and improve existing urban fabric. There is potential for conflict for new development with Biodiversity, water, landscape and archaeological/architectural objectives although these conflicts are likely to be mitigated Community Infrastructure (C) Policy 5 – Fire Stations It is the policy of the Council to co-operate with Dublin City Council in the No impact development of the fire service in the Dublin Region. on SEOs

C5 Objective 1: To support and facilitate the development of an efficient B3 W1 W2 fire service in the Dublin Region, in co-operation with Dublin City Council W3 CH1 and to reserve sites for the provision of a fire station where a need is CH2 L1 identified by the Dublin Fire Brigade with particular reference to the area north of the N7. There is potential for conflict for new development with Biodiversity, water, landscape and archaeological/architectural objectives although these conflicts are likely to be mitigated Community Infrastructure (C) Policy 6 – Burial Grounds B3 W1 W2 It is the policy of the Council to facilitate the sustainable development of W3 CH1 cemeteries and crematoria to cater for the needs of the County. CH2 L1

C6 Objective 1: To facilitate the development of new or extended burial B3 W1 W2 grounds and crematoria at suitable locations in the County, subject to W3 CH1 appropriate safeguards with regard to environmental, noise and traffic CH2 L1 impacts.

There is potential for conflict for development with Biodiversity, water, landscape and archaeological/architectural objectives although these conflicts are likely to be mitigated

Community Infrastructure (C) Policy 7 – Sports Facilities & Centres HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 It is the policy of the Council to ensure that all communities are supported S1 W3 CH1 by a range of sporting facilities that are fit for purpose, accessible and CH2 L1 adaptable.

South Dublin County Council 165 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 C7 Objective 1: To support the provision of new or improved sports and S1 W3 CH1 leisure facilities in the County. CH2 L1

HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 C7 Objective 2: To support the provision of community centres that S1 W3 CH1 incorporate multi-purpose sports halls and all weather playing pitches in CH2 L1 Moderate Sustainable Growth Towns. HH1 C1 C2 C7 Objective 3: To support and provide a framework for the S1 improvement, maintenance, upgrade and refurbishment of existing community based facilities, within the County, to meet current and future needs. C7 Objective 4: To encourage the co-location of community and sporting HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 facilities. S1 W3 CH1 CH2 L1 C7 Objective 5: To promote and support communities and clubs in HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 developing minority sports in the County by providing indoor and outdoor S1 W3 CH1 spaces for the pursuance of these activities. CH2 L1

C7 Objective 6: To support the provision of permanent space for well- HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 established sports clubs, including amateur boxing clubs and scouts clubs, S1 W3 CH1 in the County. CH2 L1

C7 Objective 7: HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 To support District Level Community Hubs in the Metropolitan S1 W3 CH1 Consolidation Towns of Tallaght, Lucan and Clondalkin, to serve the CH2 L1 growing population of these settlements and of the County as a whole. Such hubs should incorporate a sports centre with swimming pool, all weather playing pitches and children’s play facilities. C7 Objective 8: To support the development and promotion of an HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 athletics track, built to a National standard, within the Lucan area and S1 W3 CH1 situated close to a major public transport route. CH2 L1

South Dublin County Council 166 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

C7 Objective 9: To make available suitable Council owned brown land S1 B3 W1 W2 sites and buildings to sport, arts and community groups on a temporary W3 CH1 basis. CH2 L1

C7 Objective 10: To include a BMX facility for consideration in the HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 review of the Jobstown Park Masterplan. W3 CH1 CH2 L1 C7 Objective 11: To support the review of the County’s playing No pitches strategic interaction with SEOs C7 SLO1 HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 To provide a swimming pool for Lucan on a new sports and leisure centre S1 W3 CH1 campus at Griffeen; alternative locations to be sought as part of an CH2 L1 extensive public consultation process but with Griffeen identified as the default site. The new sports facility will ensure that sufficient capacity is built in to provide storage space for sports equipment from local clubs These objectives will facilitate more sustainable development, encourage walking based movement patterns thereby reducing car based emissions and improving human health. It will also retain and improve existing urban fabric. There is potential for conflict for new development with Biodiversity, water, landscape and archaeological/architectural objectives although these conflicts are likely to be mitigated

Community Infrastructure (C) Policy 8 – Childcare Facilities B3 W1 W2 Policy C8 (a) HH1 C1 C2 W3 CH1 It is the policy of the Council to support and facilitate the provision of good CH2 L1 quality and accessible childcare facilities at suitable locations in the County. Policy C8 (b) HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 It is the policy of the Council to require the provision of new childcare W3 CH1 facilities in tandem with the delivery of new communities. CH2 L1

South Dublin County Council 167 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

C8 Objective 1: To support and facilitate the provision of childcare HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 infrastructure at suitable locations such as town, village, district and local W3 CH1 centres, adjacent to school sites and in employment areas. CH2 L1

C8 Objective 2: To require childcare infrastructure to be provided in new HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 communities on a phased basis in tandem with the delivery of residential W3 CH1 development, in accordance with the phasing requirements of Local Area CH2 L1 Plans or approved Planning Schemes HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 C8 Objective 3: To support the provision of small scale childcare facilities W3 CH1 in residential areas subject to appropriate safeguards to protect the CH2 L1 amenities of the area, having regard to noise pollution and traffic management.

HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 C8 Objective 4: To support the provision of childcare facilities in W3 CH1 community buildings, such as community centres and schools. CH2 L1

These objectives will facilitate more sustainable development, encourage walking based movement patterns thereby reducing car based emissions and improving human health. It will also retain and improve existing urban fabric. There is potential for conflict for new development with Biodiversity, water, landscape and archaeological/architectural objectives although these conflicts are likely to be mitigated Community Infrastructure (C) Policy 9 – Primary & Post-primary Facilities

Policy C9 (a) HH1 C1 C2 It is the policy of the Council work in conjunction with the relevant education authorities to promote and support the provision of primary and post-primary schools in the County.

South Dublin County Council 168 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Policy C9 (b) It is the policy of the Council to engage with the Department of Education HH1 C1 C2 and Skills and to support the Department’s School Building Programme by actively identifying sites for primary and post primary schools at suitable locations, based on forecast need.

C9 Objective 1: To engage with the Department of Education and Skills and support the Departments School Building Programme by actively HH1 C1 C2 identifying sites for primary and post primary schools, based on forecasted need.

C9 Objective 2: HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 To support and facilitate the provision of additional post primary schools W3 CH1 in Kingswood (Tallaght); Lucan; Saggart/Citywest; Newcastle/Rathcoole; CH2 L1 and Ballycullen/Firhouse/Knocklyon areas.

C9 Objective 3: To reserve sites for primary and post-primary school HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 provision in developing areas through approved Local Area Plans and W3 CH1 Planning Schemes, in consultation with the Department of Education and CH2 L1 Skills.

C9 Objective 4: To require schools to be provided in new communities on a phased basis in tandem with the delivery of residential development, in HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 accordance with the phasing requirements of Local Area Plans or approved W3 CH1 Planning Schemes. CH2 L1 C9 Objective 5: To support and facilitate the extension of existing school facilities, based on identified needs, subject to appropriate safeguards in HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 relation to traffic management and the amenities of the area. W3 CH1 CH2 L1

South Dublin County Council 169 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

C9 Objective 6: To ensure schools are located so as to promote walking HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 and cycling, including the provision of adequate secure bicycle storage in W3 CH1 all schools. CH2 L1 .

C9 Objective 7: To promote and support schemes that facilitate the B3 W1 W2 shared use of sufficient school facilities, particularly at planning stage, such HH1 C1 C2 W3 CH1 as sports halls, ball courts and all-weather pitches for community use CH2 L1 outside of school hours and support the co-location of pre- and after- school childcare facilities on new primary school developments.

No C9 Objective 8: To promote the provision for accommodation for special strategic education and ASD classes in more schools; and to seek that applications interaction relating to the development of new schools and/or school extensions with SEOs should include provision for accommodation for Special Education and ASD classes where a demonstrated local need exists, as confirmed with the Department of Education and Skills.

C9 Objective 9: To ensure all proposals for new schools make adequate HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 and sufficient provision for both "drop off" & parking spaces for staff and W3 CH1 parents with a view to safe and manageable traffic flows. CH2 L1 C9 Objective 10: That a secondary school be built in the HH1 C1 C2 B3 L1 Firhouse/Ballycullen area over the lifetime of this plan to cater for the school going children of that area. Having regard to the primary school developments on Carrigwood Green this objective should be met without further new school development on that site C9 Objective 11: HH1 C1 C2 To facilitate the development of all new schools and extensions planned as part of the Government’s School Building Programme 2016-2021.

South Dublin County Council 170 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

C9 Objective 12: HH1 C1 C2 To ensure the provision of adequate indoor and outdoor school sports facilities for all new and existing schools in the County, based on identified need and in line with the final population of the school. C9 Objective 13: HH1 C1 C2 To support and facilitate the provision of post-primary schools in the Citywest/Saggart area, in line with the Fortunestown Local Area Plan and any subsequent plan for the area. C9 SLO 1: That the school site in Kingswood be developed for HH1 C1 C2 educational facilities.

C9 SLO 2: To only permit development of educational, community HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 facilities or older peoples’ housing at the site of St Peter’s BNS W3 CH1 CH2 L1

These objectives will facilitate more sustainable development and encourage walking/cycling based movement patterns, thereby reducing car based emissions and improving human health. There is potential for conflict with Biodiversity, water, landscape and archaeological/architectural objectives although these conflicts are likely to be mitigated. Community Infrastructure (C) Policy 10 – Third and Fourth Level HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 Education Facilities W3 CH1 It is the policy of the Council to support the development and ongoing CH2 L1 provision of third level education in the County, and to develop Tallaght as a hub for education and employment to provide further opportunities for the County’s workforce.

HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 C10 Objective 1: To facilitate and support the development of W3 CH1 existing third level education centres and provide for new third and higher- CH2 L1 level facilitates, including the development of competences in innovation and outreach services.

South Dublin County Council 171 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 C10 Objective 2: To promote and assist the development of W3 CH1 Tallaght as centre for education and employment. CH2 L1

C10 Objective 3: Promote the clustering of education-related HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 services and facilities proximate to existing third-level facilities. W3 CH1 CH2 L1

C10 Objective 4: To facilitate the provision of links between IT HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 Tallaght and Tallaght Village, employment areas, and existing community W3 CH1 and cultural facilities in the area to serve students of the ITT campus. CH2 L1

These objectives will facilitate more sustainable development and encourage walking/cycling based movement patterns, thereby reducing car based emissions and improving human health. There is potential for conflict with Biodiversity, water, landscape and archaeological/architectural objectives although these conflicts are likely to be mitigated.

Community Infrastructure (C) Policy 11 – Healthcare Facilities HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 W3 CH1 Policy C11a CH2 L1 It is the policy of the Council to support the Health Service Executive (HSE) and other statutory and voluntary agencies in the provision of appropriate healthcare facilities, including the system of hospital care and the provision of community based primary care facilities.

Policy C11b HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 It is the policy of the Council to support and encourage the integration of W3 CH1 healthcare facilities within new and existing communities that are CH2 L1 appropriate to the size and scale of each settlement.

South Dublin County Council 172 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

C11 Objective 1: To support the Health Service Executive (HSE) and other statutory and voluntary agencies in the provision of appropriate healthcare facilities, including the system of hospital care and the provision HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 of community based primary care facilities. W3 CH1 CH2 L1

HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 C11 Objective 2: To promote the integration of healthcare facilities W3 CH1 within new and existing communities that are appropriate to the size and CH2 L1 scale of each settlement.

HH1 C1 C2 B3 W1 W2 C11 Objective 3: To require healthcare facilities of an appropriate W3 CH1 scale to be provided in new communities on a phased basis in tandem with CH2 L1 the delivery of housing, in accordance with the phasing requirements of Local Area Plans and approved Planning Schemes.

B3 W1 W2 C11 Objective 4: To direct healthcare facilities into town, village, HH1 C1 C2 W3 CH1 district and local centres and to locations that are accessible by public CH2 L1 transport, walking and cycling, in the first instance.

C11 SLO 1: B3 W1 W2 To support and facilitate the appropriate future development of Peamount HH1 C1 C2 W3 CH1 Healthcare for rehabilitation and continuing care facilities. CH2 L1

South Dublin County Council 173 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

These objectives will facilitate more sustainable development and encourage walking/cycling based movement patterns, thereby reducing car based emissions and improving human health. There is potential for conflict with Biodiversity, water, landscape and archaeological/architectural objectives although these conflicts are likely to be mitigated.

Community Infrastructure (C) Policy 12 – Open Space It is the policy of the Council that a hierarchical network of high quality open space is available to those who live, work and visit the County, B1 B2 B3 providing for both passive and active recreation, and that the resource L1 offered by public open spaces, parks and playing fields is maximised through effective management.

C12 Objective 1: To support a hierarchy of open space and recreational facilities based on settlement size and catchment. No strategic interaction with SEOs

C12 Objective 2: To maximise the leisure and amenity resource B1 B2 B3 offered by each of the County’s parks through the promotion of L1 Management Plans that provide for the continued improvement of the park setting, biodiversity and recreational facilities

C12 Objective 3: To develop parks and open/green spaces that HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 cater for the diverse needs of the County’s population, in particular L1 different age groups and abilities through the facilitation of both active and passive recreational activities and universal access.

C12 Objective 4: To support and facilitate the development of HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 indoor and outdoor recreational facilities and play spaces to cater for all L1 age groups and abilities.

South Dublin County Council 174 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

C12 Objective 5: To support the implementation of the Council’s Five Year HH1 C1 C2 Play Space Programme 2014-2018 (as amended) including at Cherryfield B1 B2 B3 Park L1

C12 Objective 6: To improve the provision for children’s play across HH1 C1C2 B1 B2 B3 the County, including the provision of appropriate facilities for both young L1 children and older children/teenagers, ensuring that all new facilities are accessible to all children of that age cohort, irrespective of ability, and to include play equipment of features suitable for children with disabilities.

HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 C12 Objective 7: To support and facilitate the development of L1 facilities for alternative recreational activities in the County, such as BMX tracks, skateboard parks, motor-cross racing cricket pitches, community angling/fishing and water–based sports. C12 Objective 8: To retain lands with established recreational uses HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 in open space use where practicable, unless proximate alternatives can be L1 agreed by the Council.

C12 Objective 9: To support the provision and upgrade of running HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 tracks within the County’s parks. L1

C12 Objective 10: To support viable community recreational HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 projects, such as horse projects, community gardens and allotments at L1 suitable locations in both existing and new development areas.

C12 Objective 11: To ensure that parks and open spaces are HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 designed as safe spaces and that access for vehicles such as quads and L1 motorbikes is restricted.

South Dublin County Council 175 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

C12 Objective 12: To develop specific plans to reclaim those parks HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 that have been disproportionately affected by anti-social behaviour and L1 vandalism through increasing the facilities available to the communities within the parks and in turn increasing the usage of the parks by local people C12 Objective 13: B1 L1 S1 To support and facilitate the provision of coffee shops at appropriate B2 B3 locations in parks in the County. C1 C2 W3 HH1

C12 SLO 1: To require the provision of public open space, including B3 at least one full size playing pitch, prior to the occupation of any development permitted on these lands located east of the R120 Newcastle Road, north of the Grand Canal and west of Hayden’s Lane.

C12 SLO 2: To promote a passive recreational area along the Dodder HH1 C1 B3 L1 Valley Park in proximity to the Bawnville, Newbawn and Seskin View C2 estates.

C12 SLO 3: To prepare and implement a master plan to regenerate HH1 C1 C2 the Cluain Rí Park and to enhance the boundary treatment to Grangecastle B3 Road between Droim a Coille and Foxford estates.

C12 SLO 4: To support a community garden to the rear of St Peter’s HH1 C1 C2 Road and St James’ Road, Greenhills C12 SLO5: To support the ongoing development and future expansion of B3 Lucan Pitch & Putt Club.

These objectives will facilitate more sustainable development and encourage walking/cycling based movement patterns, thereby reducing car based emissions and improving human health. There is potential for conflict with Biodiversity, water, landscape and archaeological/architectural objectives although these conflicts are likely to be mitigated.

Regarding Cherryfield Park, the provision of a regional playground proximate to existing residential areas will reduce the need to access facilities outside of the area, thereby reducing car journeys and car based emission. However, there are sensitive biodiversity networks located in Cherryfield and the provision of

South Dublin County Council 176 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

a playground at this specified location may negatively impact on the biodiversity and landscape of the area unless sufficiently mitigated. There are serious concerns about the proposed scale of play space at this location (regional as opposed to neighbourhood) and its impact on the sensitive nature of this area, in particular the biodiversity networks

Regarding the provision of a playing pitches at this location (SLO1) and the expansion of the Pitch and Putt Club (SLO5), Impact of facilities on biodiversity networks and the Grand Canal should be avoided or mitigated, due to the low biodiversity value of playing pitches and golf courses. Community Infrastructure (C) Policy 13 – Accessibility It is the policy of the Council to promote the highest levels of universal accessibility in all community facilities. HH1 C1 C2

C13 Objective 1: To ensure the highest level of universal HH1 C1 C2 accessibility in all new community facilities.

C13 Objective 2: To improve levels of universal accessibility in all HH1 C1 C2 existing community facilities.

C13 Objective 3: To promote the provision of changing spaces in HH1 C1 C2 public community buildings in the County, including all major new community buildings.

Improving accessibility to facilities and public transport will allow for increased mobility and movement by all citizens, reducing car dependency. B1 B2 B3 L1

South Dublin County Council 177 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Chapter 4 Economic Development and Tourism Likely to Probable Potential Uncertain Neutral No Likely Improve Conflict Conflict interaction Interaction interaction status of with with status with status with status with status SEOs status of SEOs- of SEOs of SEOs of SEOs of SEOs- likely to be Unlikely mitigated to be mitigated

ECONOMIC AND TOURISM (ET) Policy 1 Overarching S1 M2 B1 B2 B3 M1 W1 W2 W3 HH1 C1 C2 It is the policy of the Council to support sustainable enterprise and W1 W2 W3 employment growth in South Dublin County and in the Greater Dublin CH1 CH2 Area, whilst maintaining environmental quality. L1

ET1 Objective 1: To ensure that there is a sufficient supply of S1 M2 B1 B2 B3 M1 zoned and serviced lands at suitable locations to accommodate a range W1 W2 W3 HH1 C1 C2 of enterprise and employment development types. W1 W2 W3 CH1 CH2 L1 ET1 Objective 2: To promote enterprise and employment S1 M2 B1 B2 B3 M1 development at locations that are proximate to or integrated with W1 W2 W3 HH1 C1 C2 transportation and other urban land uses, to promote compact urban W1 W2 W3 development and sustainable transport. CH1 CH2 L1 ET1 Objective 3: To support the continued development of S1 M2 B1 B2 B3 M1 economic clusters to the west of the County by prioritising compatible W1 W2 W3 HH1 C1 C2 and complementary enterprise and employment uses that would not W1 W2 W3 undermine the established character of these areas.

South Dublin County Council 178 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

CH1 CH2 L1

ET1 Objective 4: To support the renewal of underutilised S1 industrial areas to the east of the M50 and in proximity to Tallaght and Clondalkin Town Centres.

ET Objective 5: To support a balanced distribution of S1 HH1 C1 C2 economic and tourism opportunities throughout the County by promoting areas of high unemployment and socioeconomic disadvantage as viable locations for enterprise and employment growth in the County.

ET1 Objective 6: To direct people intensive enterprise and HH1 C1 C2 S1 employment uses such as major office developments (>1,000sq.m gross floor area) into lands zoned Town Centre and Regeneration Zones in Tallaght, lands zoned Town Centre in Clondalkin and also to lands zoned District Centre and Enterprise and Employment, and Regeneration Zones subject to their location within 400 metres of a high capacity public transport node (Luas/Rail), quality bus service and/or within 800 metres walking distance of a Train or Luas station, the latter requiring demonstration of required walking distance or provision of a permeability project, in accordance with the Permeability Best Practice Guide (2013), to achieve same. ET1 Objective 7: To restrict enterprise and employment W3 B1 B2 B3 development at locations that are environmentally sensitive or at risk L1 of flooding. ET1 Objective8: To support and facilitate the provision of HH1 C1 C2 enterprise centres and incubation hubs at appropriate locations, in accordance with actions identified by the Local Enterprise Office,

South Dublin County Council 179 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

through the Local Economic and Community Plan or by other enterprise support initiatives.

ET1 Objective 9: To support and facilitate the development of HH1 C1 C2 an education hub in South Dublin that seeks to promote cross sector collaboration between key stakeholders such as the Technical University, Tallaght Hospital, industry, business and government.

ET1 Objective 10: To support export and non-export enterprise HH1 C1 C2 S1 and small business.

ET1 Objective 11: W1 W2 W3 To support the provision of strategic piped infrastructure

Locating personnel intensive offices on brownfield or town centre sites proximate to public transport allows for sustainable development (SEO S1). Allowing for large land intensive warehousing uses to be located on such sites, would not be the most sustainable use of well-located lands. Instead such uses should be facilitated in Greenfield or low intensity areas. This may result in emissions and car dependency to developments in these Greenfield sites; however this should be offset, by increased public transport usage where offices are located in well served brownfield sites. (SEO B1 B2 B3) A significant portion of enterprise and employment development, such as Business and Technology Parks, occupy a large land-area, resulting in disruption to habitat networks over a large area. Important networks should be retained. The locations of office or other personnel intensive uses in Greenfield out of town sites would generate significant car based movements (SEO C1 C2 HH1). Such uses, should be restricted to brownfield or town centre sites, which are proximate to public transport. Developments accommodating business and technology uses can be land intensive, and often result in large buildings with swathes of hard standing, resulting in potential for increased run-off and flooding. Mitigation through consideration of surface water issues as required under the WFD should resolve many of these issues SEO W1 W2 W3). The location of many land intensive employment uses is on Greenfield sites in peripheral areas. Potential conflict between archaeology and landscape designations and large scale built intrusions may arise (SEO CH1 L1). Development of land intensive employment uses may have negative effects on the curtilage of protected structures (SEO CH2).

South Dublin County Council 180 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

ECONOMIC AND TOURISM (ET) Policy 2 Enterprise and / or Residential Development in Regeneration Zones. B1 B2 B3 S1 S3 M2 HH1 C1 C2 M1 It is the policy of the Council to facilitate and support the regeneration W1 W2 W3 W1 W2 W3 of underutilised industrial areas that are proximate to urban centres CH1 CH2 and transport nodes and to promote and support more intensive L1 compatible employment and / or residential development in mixed use zones.

ET2 Objective 1: To promote and support the consolidation or S1 S3 M2 B1 B2 B3 M1 relocation of existing employment uses in Regeneration (REGEN) zones W1 W2 W3 HH1 C1 C2 and the upgrade of these areas to create opportunities for W1 W2 W3 regeneration. CH1 CH2 L1 ET2 Objective 2: To support proposals for more intensive S1 S3 M2 B1 B2 B3 M1 compatible enterprise and / or residential led mixed use development W1 W2 W3 HH1 C1 C2 on lands designated with Zoning Objective ‘REGEN’, subject to W1 W2 W3 appropriate design safeguards and based on a traditional urban form CH1 CH2 that adhere to urban design criteria. “ L1

ET2 Objective 3: To support proposals for incubator, starter S1 S3 M2 B1 B2 B3 M1 and / or live work units on lands designated with Zoning Objective W1 W2 W3 HH1 C1 C2 REGEN (to facilitate enterprise and/or residential led regeneration). W1 W2 W3 CH1 CH2 L1

Locating personnel intensive offices on brownfield or town centre sites proximate to public transport allows for sustainable development (SEO S1). Allowing for large land intensive warehousing uses to be located on such sites, would not be the most sustainable use of well-located lands. Instead such uses should be facilitated in Greenfield or low intensity areas. This may result in emissions and car dependency to developments in these Greenfield sites; however this should be offset, by increased public transport usage where offices are located in well served brownfield sites. (SEO B1 B2 B3) A significant portion of enterprise and employment development, such as Business and Technology Parks, occupy a large land-area, resulting in disruption to habitat networks over a large area. Important networks should be retained. The locations of office or other personnel intensive uses in Greenfield out of town sites would generate significant car based movements (SEO C1 C2 HH1). Such uses, should be restricted to brownfield or town centre sites, which are proximate to public transport.

South Dublin County Council 181 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Developments accommodating business and technology uses can be land intensive, and often result in large buildings with swathes of hard standing, resulting in potential for increased run-off and flooding. Mitigation through consideration of surface water issues as required under the WFD should resolve many of these issues. Notwithstanding this concentration in specific areas reduces pressure on Greenfield sites SEO W1 W2 W3). The location of many land intensive employment uses is on Greenfield sites in peripheral areas. Potential conflict between archaeology and landscape designations and large scale built intrusions may arise (SEO CH1 L1). Development of land intensive employment uses may have negative effects on the curtilage of protected structures (SEO CH2).

ECONOMIC AND TOURISM (ET) Policy 3 Enterprise and Employment (EE) B1 B2 B3 It is the policy of the Council to support and facilitate enterprise and S1 M1 M2 HH1 C1 C2 employment uses (high-tech manufacturing, light industry, research W1 W2 W3 and development, food science and associated uses) in business parks CH1 L1 and industrial areas.

ET3 Objective 1: To ensure that there is a sufficient supply of zoned and serviced Enterprise and Employment zoned land at suitable locations, to accommodate a diverse range of low to medium intensity B1 B2 B3 enterprise and employment uses in the County. S1 M1 M2 HH1 C1 C2 W1 W2 W3 CH1 L1 ET3 Objective 2: To prioritise high tech manufacturing, research and development and associated uses in the established Business and Technology cluster to the west of the County (Grange B1 B2 B3 Castle and Citywest areas) to maximise the value of higher order S1 M1 M2 HH1 C1 C2 infrastructure and services that is required to support large scale W1 W2 W3 strategic investment. CH1 L1

ET3 Objective 3: To support the phased expansion of the S1 M1 M2 B1 B2 B3 M1 established Business and Technology cluster to accommodate strategic HH1 C1 C2 high-tech manufacturing investments, research and development and W1 W2 W3 associated uses. CH1 L1

South Dublin County Council 182 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

ET3 Objective 4: To direct light industry and logistics uses to S1 M1 M2 B1 B2 B3 enterprise and employment zones that are proximate to the strategic HH1 C1 C2 and national road network. W1 W2 W3 CH1 L1 ET3 Objective 5: To ensure that all Business Parks and Industrial Areas are designed to the highest architectural and landscaping standards and that natural site features, such as watercourses, trees and B1 B2 B3 hedgerows are retained and enhanced as an integral part of the S1 M1 M2 HH1 C1 C2 CH2 scheme. W1 W2 W3 CH1 L1 HH1 C1 C2 ET3 Objective 6: To ensure that business parks and industrial areas are designed to promote walking, cycling and public transport

ET 3 Objective 7: B1 B2 B3 To support the provision or retrofitting of suitable electricity and heat HH1 W1 W2 micro generation and storage equipment, such as photovoltaic and W3 water-heating solar panels and small to medium scale wind turbines within business parks and industrial areas. ET3 SLO 1: HH1 C1 To conduct a review of the zoning of lands south of the Grand Canal C2 L1 B1 and west and north of the R120, including lands adjoining Peamount B2 B3 Healthcare, with a view to preparing a long-term plan for the expansion of the Grange Castle Economic and Enterprise Zone to this area, to accommodate strategic investment in the future, while also seeking to provide public open space along the Canal, including a natural heritage area in the vicinity of the historic canal quarries at Gollierstown.

South Dublin County Council 183 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

ET3 SLO 2: B3 L1 To facilitate warehousing and ancillary auction uses at the Former Interbloem Premises, Corkagh off the Green Isle Road subject to proper planning and sustainable development including protection of the operating capacity and safety of the N7 and its interchange with the Green Isle Road and Grange Castle Road, safeguarding the setting of Corkagh Park and its protected structures, and consideration of any potential impacts on the operation and safety of Casement Aerodrome. Locating personnel intensive offices on brownfield or town centre sites proximate to public transport allows for sustainable development (SEO S1). Allowing for large land intensive warehousing uses to be located on such sites, would not be the most sustainable use of well-located lands. Instead such uses should be facilitated in Greenfield or low intensity areas. This may result in emissions and car dependency to developments in these Greenfield sites; however this should be offset, by increased public transport usage where offices are located in well served brownfield sites. (SEO B3) A significant portion of enterprise and employment development, such as Business and Technology Parks, occupy a large land-area, resulting in disruption to habitat networks over a large area. Important networks should be retained. The locations of office or other personnel intensive uses in Greenfield out of town sites would generate significant car based movements (SEO C1/C2/HH1). Such uses, should be restricted to brownfield or town centre sites, which are proximate to public transport. (SEO W1/W2/W3) Developments accommodating business and technology uses can be land intensive, and often result in large buildings with swathes of hard standing, resulting in potential for increased run-off and flooding. Mitigation through consideration of surface water issues as required under the WFD should resolve many of these issues. (SEO CH1/L1) The location of many land intensive employment uses is on Greenfield sites in peripheral areas. Potential conflict between archaeology and landscape designations and large scale built intrusions may arise. Development of land intensive employment uses may have negative effects on the curtilage of protected structures (SEO CH2).

Encouraging and promoting the use of renewable energy and alternative energy sources will reduce usage of conventional fossil fuel generated energy, and through introduction of wind turbines and increased insulation reduce energy usage overall, thus slowing the effects of climate change (SEO B1 B2 B3 HH1 W1 W2 W3)

In relation to SLO1, the lands are not well serviced by public transport. Car based movements will increase as a result of development on these lands. The development of the lands may result in impacts on existing treelines and hedgerows within the site. The development type in the business park should not be compatible with town centres or brownfield sites, due to demand for land. Certain uses within Grange Castle are personnel intensive, however Grange Castle is not currently served by any high quality public transport. However, further intensifying this area by extending development into rural lands could have significant effects on river systems and biodiversity corridors, the landscape, and increase car based movements. Furthermore, the development of large areas of rural lands to the west of the County could have significant impact on the Green Infrastructure network for the County. This area, as part of the Newcastle

South Dublin County Council 184 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Lowlands Landscape Character Area, has been identified in the LCA as of a medium to high landscape value. The potential to establish a linear park to enhance Green Infrastructure has been identified for this area and the potential zoning of additional employment lands in this area would have serious negative impacts.

In relation to SLO2, any development should respect the character of the local landscape and site features in order to retain the open space character. The lands are not particularly proximate to Clondalkin/Tallaght. Development should not encourage increase in car based movements

ECONOMIC AND TOURISM (ET) Policy 4 Home Based Economic Activities

It is the policy of the Council to support small scale home-based HH1 C1 C2 S1 economic activities at appropriate locations.

ET4 Objective 1: To support and facilitate home-based economic activity that is subordinate to the main residential use of a dwelling and where, by virtue of their nature and scale, they can be HH1 C1 C2 S1 accommodated without adversely impacting on the amenities of the area ET4 Objective 2: To support and encourage the provision of ground floor live-work units as part of mixed-use and residential HH1 C1 C2 S1 developments in appropriate locations, as a means of enlivening streets and to provide flexible accommodation for small businesses.

Allowance for home-working can reduce the need to travel and subsequently car dependency, in addition to maximizing potential of brownfield sites. ECONOMIC AND TOURISM (ET) Policy 5 Tourism Infrastructure HH1 C1 C2 S1 It is the policy of the Council to support the development of a B1 L1 B2 sustainable tourism industry that maximises the recreational and B3 C1 C2 tourism potential of the County, through the implementation of the W3 HH1 South Dublin Tourism Strategy 2015.

South Dublin County Council 185 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

ET5 Objective 1: To support the development of tourism HH1 C1 C2 S1 B1 L1 S1 infrastructure, attractions, activities and facilities at appropriate B2 B3 C1 locations subject to sensitive design and environmental safeguards. C2 W3 HH1

ET5 Objective 2: To direct tourist facilities into established HH1 C1 C2 S1 centres, in particular Town and Village centres, where they can support the wider economic vitality of urban centres.

ET5 Objective 3: To support the development of a visitor facility B1 L1 S1 in or adjacent to the High Amenity – Dublin Mountains zone (HA-DM), B2 B3 C1 subject to an appropriate scale of development and balance having C2 W3 regard to the pertaining environmental conditions and sensitivities, HH1 scenic amenity and availability of services.

ET5 Objective 4: To support the development of an outdoor B1 L1 S1 pursuits centre in or adjacent to lands designated with Zoning B2 B3 C1 Objective “High Amenity – Dublin Mountains”, subject to an C2 W3 appropriate scale of development and balance having regard to the HH1 pertaining environmental conditions and sensitivities, scenic amenity and availability of services ET5 SLO 1: B1 L1 S1 To facilitate an extension to the hotel for its existing facilities, and to B2 B3 C1 facilitate the retention of the remaining section/s of the Old Naas Road C2 W3 wall. HH1

It is considered that the sustainable development of the counties tourism assets will take into account the provision of linked networks for hiking and cycling as well as the management and protection of natural assets such as the Wicklow Uplands and Bohernabreena SACs, among other issues. The provision of a visitor facility and outdoor pursuits centre in the Dublin Mountains may impact on existing biodiversity networks and the character of the landscape unless sufficiently mitigated

South Dublin County Council 186 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

ECONOMIC AND TOURISM (ET) Policy 6 Greenways, Trails and Loops It is the policy of the Council to support and facilitate the development of an integrated network of Greenways and Trails (combined off road B1 L1 S1 B2 cycle and walking routes) along suitable corridors, including natural B3 C1 C2 W3 linear open spaces such as river banks and Canals, with local HH1 connections to villages and attractions and to take account of the environmental sensitivities along these corridors.

ET6 Objective 1: To support and facilitate the development of B1 L1 S1 B2 an integrated network of Greenways and Trails along suitable corridors, B3 C1 C2 W3 including the River Liffey, Dublin Mountains Way, Grand Canal, River HH1 Dodder and Slade Valley.

ET6 Objective 2: To support the development of local tourist B1 L1 S1 B2 and heritage trails at suitable locations such as Brittas, Clondalkin, B3 C1 C2 W3 Lucan, Newcastle-Lyons, Rathcoole, Rathfarnham, Saggart, and HH1 Tallaght and seek to make such trails interactive e.g. development of application software

ET6 Objective 3: B1 B2 B3 L1 To support and facilitate the development of accessible links between the Liffey Valley and the Grand Canal.

It is considered that the sustainable development of the counties tourism assets will take into account the provision of linked networks for hiking and cycling as well as the management and protection of natural assets such as the Wicklow Uplands and Bohernabreena SACs, among other issues. ECONOMIC AND TOURISM (ET) Policy 7 Leisure Activities

It is the policy of the Council to support and facilitate the development B1 L1 S1 B2 of leisure activities in the County. B3 C1 C2 W3 HH1

South Dublin County Council 187 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

ET7 Objective 1: To promote the active use of managed forests B1 L1 S1 B2 for tourism and leisure related activities subject to an appropriate scale B3 C1 C2 W3 of development and balance having regard to the pertaining HH1 environmental conditions and sensitivities, scenic amenity and availability of services.

ET7 Objective 2: To promote the development of outdoor B1 L1 S1 leisure activities on lands that is designated with Zoning Objective B2 B3 C1 Open Space “OS” (to preserve and provide for open space and C2 W3 recreational amenities). HH1

ET7 Objective 3: To support the development of angling B1 L1 S1 infrastructure and facilities for tourism in proximity to appropriate B2 B3 C1 water courses or water bodies, subject to an appropriate scale of C2 W3 development having regard to the pertaining environmental conditions HH1 and sensitivities, scenic amenity and availability of services.

It is considered that the sustainable development of the counties tourism assets will take into account the provision of linked networks for hiking and cycling as well as the management and protection of natural assets such as the Wicklow Uplands and Bohernabreena SACs, among other issues. The development of outdoor leisure activities in areas of Open Space may have impacts on existing habitat networks and biodiversity and the character of the landscape of the County, unless adequately mitigated for.

ECONOMIC AND TOURISM (ET) Policy 8 Heritage, Culture and Events Tourism

It is the policy of the Council to support the development of heritage, B1 L1 S1 B2 cultural and events tourism. B3 C1 C2 W3 HH1

ET8 Objective 1: To support the sensitive restoration of CH1 CH2 C1 heritage buildings and sites and operate flexibility with regard to the C2 HH1 use of converted buildings to facilitate heritage tourism.

South Dublin County Council 188 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

ET8 Objective 2: To support tourism projects that seek to HH1 C1 C2 showcase and promote the County’s geological heritage and cultural CH1 CH2 heritage including arts, music, aviation history, Irish Language customs and ways of life including the development of museums, cultural centres and interpretative centres at appropriate locations.

ET8 Objective 3: To support the development of sporting venues of national or regional scale, such as stadia, at locations served HH1 C1 C2 by high frequency public transport (Luas/Rail/Bus), including the support of the Leinster GAA Strategic Plan 2015-2018. ET8 Objective 4: To support concerts or events at suitable HH1 C1 C2 locations within the County, such as parks, stadia, auditoriums, conference centres, subject to appropriate licensing arrangements.

ET8 Objective 5: To support development that enhances the HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 audience capacity of festivals, concerts, events or markets. L1

It is considered that the sustainable development of the counties tourism assets will take into account the provision of linked networks for hiking and cycling as well as the management and protection of natural assets such as the Wicklow Uplands and Bohernabreena SACs, among other issues. Use of heritage buildings and sites may impact on the archaeological / architectural heritage unless sensitively mitigated for. ECONOMIC AND TOURISM (ET) Policy 9 Rural Economy

It is the policy of the Council to support sustainable rural enterprises B1 B2 B3 S3 whilst protecting the rural character of the countryside and minimising W1 W2 W3 environmental impacts. CH1 CH2 HH1 C1 C2 L1

South Dublin County Council 189 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

ET9 Objective 1: To support and facilitate sustainable B1 B2 B3 S3 agriculture, horticulture, forestry and other rural enterprises at suitable W1 W2 W3 locations in the County. CH1 CH2 HH1 C1 C2 L1

ET9 Objective 2: To support farm diversification and agri- B1 B2 B3 S3 tourism, where a proposed business initiative is subordinate to the W1 W2 W3 primary agricultural use of the site, subject to traffic and environmental CH1 CH2 safeguards. HH1 C1 C2 L1

ET9 Objective 3: To protect agriculture and traditional rural B1 B2 B3 S3 enterprises from unplanned and/or incompatible urban development. W1 W2 W3 CH1 CH2 HH1 C1 C2 L1 ET9 Objective 4: To support sustainable forestry development B1 B2 B3 S3 at suitable locations in the County, subject to the protection of the rural W1 W2 W3 environment, sensitive areas and landscapes. CH1 CH2 HH1 C1 C2 L1 These policies and objectives allow for rural activities to be undertaken without impacting significantly on the receiving environment ECONOMIC AND TOURISM (ET) Policy 10 Mineral Extraction B2 B3 HH1 CH1 CH2 C1 C2 W1 It is the policy of the Council to support the sustainable extraction of W3 S3 L1 aggregate resources at suitable locations within the County subject to W2 appropriate environmental safeguards.

ET10 Objective 1: To facilitate mineral extraction in suitable B2 B3 HH1 CH1 CH2 locations subject to the protection of amenity and environmental C1 C2 W1 quality. W3 S3 L1 W2

South Dublin County Council 190 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

ET10 Objective 2: To limit the operation of the extractive B2 B3 HH1 CH1 CH2 industry and ancillary uses at environmentally sensitive locations and C1 C2 W1 within areas designated with Zoning Objective “HA – DM”, “HA-LV” and W3 S3 L1 “HA-DV” where extraction would prejudice the protection of the W2 County’s natural and built heritage.

ET10 Objective 3: To ensure the satisfactory reinstatement of B2 B3 HH1 CH1 CH2 disused quarries and extraction facilities, where active use has ceased. C1 C2 W1 W3 S3 L1 W2 The nature of the extraction process will result in the removal of the Greenfield site, affecting the landscape, in addition to exposing groundwater aquifers to pollution (SEO L1 W2). Potential effects include; biodiversity networks; surface and underground waters; any archaeological sites; any surface features; ease of access of potentially polluted run-off into the groundwater(SEO B2 B3). The use of heavy machinery to extract and transport the materiel in addition to the noise created will have a negative effect on any surrounding housing or uses (SEO HH1 C1 C2 S3). It may be possible to ameliorate these effects. (SEO CH1) Potential effects on heritage designations and soils are site specific, however, care should be taken to protect heritage.

Chapter 5 Urban Centre and Retailing Likely to Probable Potential Uncertain Neutral No Likely Improve Conflict Conflict interaction Interaction interaction status of with status with status with status with status with status SEOs of SEOs- of SEOs- of SEOs of SEOs of SEOs Unlikely to likely to be be mitigated mitigated

Policies/Objectives

Urban Centres (UC) Policy 1 - Urban Centres Overarching B1 B2 It is the policy of the Council to continue to develop the County’s network HH1 S1 of town centres, village centres, district centres and local centres, based on S3 W1 B3 the following hierarchy: W2 W3

South Dublin County Council 191 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

 Tallaght as the County Town; C1 C2  Clondalkin as a vibrant Town Centre; M1 M2  Traditional Village Centres as vibrant and sustainable centres; CH1 CH2  A network of District Centres to serve a district catchment; and L1  A network of Local Centres and local shops to serve a local catchment. UC1 Objective 1: To direct retail, commercial, leisure, B1 B2 entertainment, civic, community and cultural uses into town, district, village HH1 S1 and local centres and to achieve a critical mass of development and a mix S3 W1 B3 of uses that is appropriate to each level in the urban hierarchy. W2 W3 C1 C2 M1 M2 CH1 CH2 L1 UC1 Objective 2: HH1 S1 B3 To recognise the pre-eminence of our County’s town centres and S3 W1 traditional villages as the preferred location in considering development W2 W3 proposals for non-retail civic, public service and community developments; C1 C2 and to apply a sequential approach as appropriate for such proposals. M1 M2 CH1 CH2 L1 UC1 Objective 3: To protect the quality, ambience, vibrancy and B1 B2 vitality of urban centres by promoting an appropriate mix of day and night- HH1 S1 time uses, including commercial, recreational, civic, cultural, leisure and S3 W1 residential uses and to limit or control uses that might have a detrimental W2 W3 impact on the amenities of centres. C1 C2 M1 M2 CH1 CH2 L1

UC1 Objective 4: To promote a high standard of urban design in urban centres that contributes to the creation of safe and attractive streets and spaces and creates desirable places within which to work, live and visit. HH1 C1 C2

South Dublin County Council 192 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

UC1 Objective 5: To promote and facilitate environmental and B1 B2 public realm improvements in existing town, village, district and local HH1 S1 centres to address environmental quality, urban design, safety, identity and S3 W1 B3 image. W2 W3 C1 C2 M1 M2 CH1 CH2 L1 UC1 Objective 6: To improve accessibility to the town centres from B1 B2 the surrounding catchment area via public transport provision, sustainable HH1 S1 transport infrastructure and the road network, and incorporate good local S3 W1 B3 linkages between car parks, public transport stops, cycle parking facilities W2 W3 and the various attractions within the centre. (See Transport Section for C1 C2 further detail) M1 M2 CH1 CH2 L1

UC1 Objective 7: To improve access to the village, district and local B1 B2 centres of the County with particular emphasis on public transport HH1 S1 provision and improvements to walking and cycling infrastructure, S3 W1 B3 including disability proofing. W2 W3 C1 C2 M1 M2 CH1 CH2 L1 UC1 Objective 7: To prepare Local Area Plans and / or Framework B1 B2 Plans to inform growth and urban consolidation in urban centres that are HH1 S1 likely to experience significant expansion. S3 W1 B3 W2 W3 C1 C2 M1 M2

South Dublin County Council 193 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

CH1 CH2 L1

Maintaining, revitalising and improving existing town and local centres which are considered brownfield sites, will provide for existing and future needs, and should alleviate development pressure in other areas, which may be beneficial for biodiversity sites and resources both within, and as a secondary consequence, outside the county in surrounding areas (SEO B1 B2). Providing for local and county needs within retail areas, especially retail areas served by adequate public transport and a high local population will reduce car dependency and emissions (HH1 C1 C2). Some centres may undergo a level of intensification or increased plot coverage or hard surfacing, resulting in increased surface water flows, potential impacts on groundwater and flooding, especially where such centres are adjacent to existing river systems. Notwithstanding this concentration in specific areas reduces pressure on Greenfield sites (SEO W1 W2 W3). Urban Centre (UC) Policy 2 - Town Centres HH1 S1 B3 To reinforce the role of Tallaght as the County Town and Clondalkin as a S3 W1 major Town Centre at the top of the County’s urban hierarchy W2 W3 C1 C2 M1 M2 CH1 CH2 L1

UC2 Objective 1: To promote Tallaght Town Centre as the primary HH1 S1 B3 urban centre in the County by directing higher order retail, retail services, S3 W1 residential, cultural, leisure, financial, public administration, W2 W3 restaurants/bars, entertainment and civic uses into and adjoining the Core C1 C2 Retail Area of this centre. M1 M2 CH1 CH2 L1 UC2 Objective 2: To promote Clondalkin Town Centre as a primary HH1 S1 B3 urban centre in the County by directing higher order retail, retail services, S3 W1 residential, cultural, leisure, financial, public administration, W2 W3 restaurants/bars, entertainment and civic uses within and adjoining the C1 C2 Core Retail Area of this centre. M1 M2

South Dublin County Council 194 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

CH1 CH2 L1

HH1 S1 B3 UC2 Objective 3: To support and facilitate the future development S3 W1 of tourism related infrastructure and promote events such as markets, W2 W3 festivals and concerts in Tallaght and Clondalkin town centres. C1 C2 M1 M2 CH1 CH2 L1 UC2 Objective 4: To encourage and facilitate the re-use and HH1 S1 B3 regeneration of derelict land and buildings for retail and other appropriate S3 W1 centre uses and encourage the full use of buildings and in particular the W2 W3 use of upper floors and backlands with due cognisance to the retail C1 C2 sequential approach, quality of urban design, integration and linkages. M1 M2 CH1 CH2 L1 HH1 S1 B3 UC2 Objective 5: To reinforce town centres as the priority location S3 W1 for new mixed use development, with urban design and integration and W2 W3 linkage as important considerations. C1 C2 M1 M2 CH1 CH2 L1 UC2 Objective 6: To provide a broad range of facilities and services HH1 S1 B3 in Tallaght and Clondalkin Town Centres and support the role of these S3 W1 centres as the focus for commercial activity, leisure, entertainment, W2 W3 community activities and public transport. C1 C2 M1 M2 CH1 CH2 L1

South Dublin County Council 195 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Maintaining, revitalising and improving existing town and local centres which are considered brownfield sites, will provide for existing and future needs, and should alleviate development pressure in other areas, which may be beneficial for biodiversity sites and resources both within, and as a secondary consequence, outside the county in surrounding areas (SEO B1 B2). Providing for local and county needs within retail areas, especially retail areas served by adequate public transport and a high local population will reduce car dependency and emissions (HH1 C1 C2). Some centres may undergo a level of intensification or increased plot coverage or hard surfacing, resulting in increased surface water flows, potential impacts on groundwater and flooding, especially where such centres are adjacent to existing river systems. Notwithstanding this concentration in specific areas reduces pressure on Greenfield sites (SEO W1 W2 W3). Urban Centre (UC) Policy 3 - Village Centres HH1 S1 B3 It is the policy of the Council to strengthen the traditional villages of the S3 W1 County by improving the public realm, sustainable transport linkages, W2 W3 commercial viability and promoting tourism and heritage value. C1 C2 M1 M2 CH1 CH2 L1

UC3 Objective 1: To protect and conserve the special character of HH1 S1 B3 the historic core of the traditional villages and ensure that a full S3 W1 understanding of the archaeological, architectural, urban design and W2 W3 landscape heritage of the villages informs the design approach to new C1 C2 development and renewal, in particular in Architectural Conservation Areas M1 M2 (ACA’s). CH1 CH2 L1

UC3 Objective 2: To promote design standards and densities in HH1 S1 traditional village centres, that are informed by the surrounding village and S3 W1 historic context and enhance the specific characteristics of each town or W2 W3 village in terms of design, scale and external finishes. C1 C2 M1 M2 CH1 CH2 L1 UC3 Objective 3: To support and facilitate the future development HH1 S1 B3 of tourism related infrastructure and promote events such as markets, S3 W1 festivals and concerts in the traditional villages of the County. W2 W3 C1 C2

South Dublin County Council 196 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

M1 M2 CH1 CH2 L1 UC3 Objective 4: To continue to improve the environment and HH1 S1 B3 public realm of village centres in terms of environmental quality, urban S3 W1 design, safety, identity and image. W2 W3 C1 C2 M1 M2 CH1 CH2 L1 UC3 Objective 5: To encourage and facilitate the preservation and HH1 S1 B3 enhancement of the retail and retail services role of the County’s traditional S3 W1 villages in the County. W2 W3 C1 C2 M1 M2 CH1 CH2 L1 UC3 Objective 6: To encourage and facilitate the re-use and HH1 S1 B3 regeneration of derelict land and buildings for appropriate centre uses and S3 W1 encourage the full use of buildings and in particular, the use of upper floors W2 W3 and backlands, with due cognisance to the retail sequential approach, C1 C2 quality of urban design, integration and linkages. M1 M2 CH1 CH2 L1 UC4 Objective7: To reinforce village centres as a priority location HH1 S1 B3 for new mixed use development and to promote and support new S3 W1 development that consolidates the existing urban character with quality of W2 W3 design, integration and linkage as important considerations. C1 C2 M1 M2 CH1 CH2 L1 Maintaining, revitalising and improving existing town and local centres which are considered brownfield sites, will provide for existing and future needs, and should alleviate development pressure in other areas, which may be beneficial for biodiversity sites and resources both within, and as a secondary

South Dublin County Council 197 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

consequence, outside the county in surrounding areas (SEO B1 B2). Providing for local and county needs within retail areas, especially retail areas served by adequate public transport and a high local population will reduce car dependency and emissions (HH1 C1 C2). Some centres may undergo a level of intensification or increased plot coverage or hard surfacing, resulting in increased surface water flows, potential impacts on groundwater and flooding, especially where such centres are adjacent to existing river systems. Notwithstanding this concentration in specific areas reduces pressure on Greenfield sites (SEO W1 W2 W3). Urban Centre (UC) Policy 4 District Centres HH1 S1 It is the policy of the Council to encourage the provision of an appropriate S3 W1 mix, range and type of uses in District Centres, including retail, community, W2 W3 recreational, medical and childcare uses, at a scale that caters C1 C2 predominantly for a district level catchment, subject to the protection of M1 M2 the residential amenities of the surrounding area. CH1 CH2 L1

HH1 S1 UC4 Objective 1: To support the revitalisation of District Centres, S3 W1 including maximising the use of upper floors of existing buildings, with due W2 W3 regard to the quality of urban design, integration, linkage, accessibility and C1 C2 protection of residential amenity. M1 M2 CH1 CH2 L1 UC4 Objective 2: To support the development of small scale HH1 C1 community facilities within accessible district centres C2

UC4 Objective 3: To encourage a broad range of facilities and HH1 C1 services that are appropriate to serve a district catchment and fulfil a C2 district function, as a focus for both community infrastructure and public transport.

UC4 Objective 4: To improve walking and cycling infrastructure HH1 C1 within the local catchment of the County’s district centres. C2

South Dublin County Council 198 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Maintaining, revitalising and improving existing town and local centres which are considered brownfield sites, will provide for existing and future needs, and should alleviate development pressure in other areas, which may be beneficial for biodiversity sites and resources both within, and as a secondary consequence, outside the county in surrounding areas (SEO B1 B2). Providing for local and county needs within retail areas, especially retail areas served by adequate public transport and a high local population will reduce car dependency and emissions (HH1 C1 C2). Some centres may undergo a level of intensification or increased plot coverage or hard surfacing, resulting in increased surface water flows, potential impacts on groundwater and flooding, especially where such centres are adjacent to existing river systems. Notwithstanding this concentration in specific areas reduces pressure on Greenfield sites (SEO W1 W2 W3). Urban Centre (UC) Policy 5 Local Centres HH1 S1 It is the policy of the Council to encourage the provision of an appropriate S3 W1 mix, range and type of uses in Local Centres, including retail, community, W2 W3 recreational, medical and childcare uses, at a scale that caters C1 C2 predominantly for a local level catchment, subject to the protection of the M1 M2 residential amenities of the surrounding area.

UC5 Objective 1: To support the improvement of Local Centres, and HH1 S1 encourage the use of upper floors, with due cognisance to S3 W1 the quality of urban design, integration, linkage, accessibility and W2 W3 protection of residential amenity C1 C2 M1 M2 UC5 Objective 2: To support and facilitate the location of small HH1 C1 scale community facilities within accessible local centres and as part of C2 large sale commercial development where a deficiency in community space is demonstrated, subject to adaptable design for a variety of uses.

UC5 Objective 3: To improve walking and cycling infrastructure HH1 C1 within the local catchment of centres. C2

South Dublin County Council 199 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

UC5 SLO 1: To promote and facilitate appropriate development at the HH1 C1 former McHugh’s Shopping Arcade site on St. James’ Road, Greenhills to C2 S1 provide for both community and commercial services for local residents

Maintaining, revitalising and improving existing town and local centres which are considered brownfield sites, will provide for existing and future needs, and should alleviate development pressure in other areas, which may be beneficial for biodiversity sites and resources both within, and as a secondary consequence, outside the county in surrounding areas (SEO B1 B2). Providing for local and county needs within retail areas, especially retail areas served by adequate public transport and a high local population will reduce car dependency and emissions (HH1 C1 C2). Some centres may undergo a level of intensification or increased plot coverage or hard surfacing, resulting in increased surface water flows, potential impacts on groundwater and flooding, especially where such centres are adjacent to existing river systems. Notwithstanding this concentration in specific areas reduces pressure on Greenfield sites (SEO W1 W2 W3). Urban Centre (UC) Policy 6 Building heights

It is the policy of the Council to support varied building heights across L1 CH1 CH2 Town, District, Village and Local centres and regeneration areas in South Dublin County.

UC6 Objective 1: To encourage varied building heights in town, CH1 CH2 district, village, local and regeneration areas to support compact urban L1 form, sense of place, urban legibility and visual diversity while maintaining a general restriction on the development of tall buildings adjacent to two- story housing. UC6 Objective 2: To ensure that higher buildings in established L1 areas take account of and respect the surrounding context.

UC6 Objective 3: To consider Tall Buildings that exceed five storeys L1 at strategic and landmark locations in Town Centres, Regeneration zones and Strategic Development Zones, subject to an approved Local Area Plan or Planning Scheme.

South Dublin County Council 200 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

UC6 SLO 1: L1 CH1 CH2 To preserve the character of Palmerstown Village by limiting any future development on the former Vincent Byrne site to three storeys in height; and two storeys where it backs or sides onto adjoining two storey housing

Tall/Landmark buildings can enhance the overall visual character and quality of the area (SEO L1). There is a potential conflict with regards to impact on the natural/historic features (SEO CH1 CH2); however the restriction of these landmark buildings to certain locations within the County is likely to mitigate against the probable conflict on the landscape and archaeology/architectural heritage

Retailing Likely to Probable Potential Uncertain Neutral No Likely Improve Conflict Conflict interaction Interaction interaction status of with status with status with status with status with status SEOs of SEOs- of SEOs- of SEOs of SEOs of SEOs Unlikely to likely to be be mitigated mitigated

Retail (R) Policy 1 - Overarching B1 B2 B3 It is the policy of the Council to seek to ensure adequate retail provision S1 S3 C1 W1 W2 at suitable locations in the County and to protect the vitality and viability C2 HH1 W3 of existing centres in accordance with the retail framework provided by M1 M2 the Retail Planning Guidelines for Planning Authorities (2012) and the CH1 CH2 Retail Strategy for the Greater Dublin Area (2008 – 2016). Given the changing economic circumstances since the adoption of the Retail Strategy for the Greater Dublin Area a cautionary approach will be adopted in relation to future quantitative retail floor space requirements.

R1 Objective 1: To have regard to the ‘Retail Planning B1 B2 S1 W1 W2 Guidelines for Planning Authorities’ (DOECLG 2012), the ‘Retail Planning S3 C1 C2 W3 Strategy for the Greater Dublin Area 2008 – 2016, Regional Planning M1 M2 Guidelines Office (2008) and the Regional Planning Guidelines for the HH1

South Dublin County Council 201 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Greater Dublin Area 2010-2022 (2010) in defining the role of retail centres and in determining planning applications for retail development.

R1 Objective 2: To update the Retail Strategy for South Dublin B1 B2 S1 B3 W1 W2 County within the lifetime of this Plan following the completion of the S3 C1 C2 W3 C1 reviews of the Regional Planning Guidelines for the Greater Dublin Area M1 M2 HH1 2010 - 2022 and the Retail Strategy for the Greater Dublin Area 2008 – HH1 2016 and include for analysis of footfall, vacancy and expenditure S1 C1 C2 R1 Objective 3: To support new retail provision within the County to meet the needs of the County’s population and to direct new retail floor space into designated retail centres in accordance with the County Retail Hierarchy, so that centres can maintain and expand their retail offer. S1 C1 C2 R1 Objective 4: To support the viability and vitality of the existing retail centres in the County, in particular town, village and district centres and to facilitate a competitive and healthy environment for the retail industry, while reinforcing sustainable development.

R1 Objective 5: To assess and monitor the vitality and viability S1 C1 C2 of town, major retail, district and village centres.

R1 Objective 6: To facilitate and provide for, the refurbishment S1 C1 C2 and replacement of obsolete floorspace and promote the use of vacant floorspace.

R1 Objective 7: S1 C1 C2 To support, subject to identified need, the development of smaller and medium sized supermarkets in preference to superstore and hypermarket outlets, development of which should be generally limited.

South Dublin County Council 202 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

R1 Objective 8: To review and monitor retail trends that S1 C1 C2 influence the performance of the sector within South Dublin and to encourage and facilitate innovation in the County’s retail offer and attraction. R1 Objective 9: HH1 C1 To encourage and facilitate the provision of local convenience shops C2 S1 (Shop – Local) in existing residential areas where there is a deficiency of retail provision in the catchment, subject to protecting residential amenity. Maintaining, revitalising and improving existing town and local centres which are considered brownfield sites, will provide for existing and future needs, and should alleviate development pressure in other areas, which may be beneficial for biodiversity sites and resources both within, and as a secondary consequence, outside the county in surrounding areas (SEO B1 B2 B3 L1) Providing for local and county needs within retail areas, especially retail areas served by adequate public transport and a high local population will reduce car dependency and emissions (HH1 C1 C2) Some centres may undergo a level of intensification or increased plot coverage or hard surfacing, resulting in increased surface water flows, potential impacts on groundwater and flooding, especially where such centres are adjacent to the Dodder River. Notwithstanding this concentration in specific areas reduces pressure on Greenfield sites (SEO W1 W2 W3)

Retail (R) Policy 2 Sequential Approach It is the policy of the Council to guide retail development where practical and viable in accordance with the framework provided by the Sequential B1 B2 S1 B3 W1 W2 Approach to enable the vitality and viability of existing town, major retail, S3 C1 C2 W3 C1 village and district centres to be sustained and strengthened. M1 M2 HH1 HH1

R2 Objective 1: To consolidate the existing retail centres in the County S1 C1 C2 and promote town, village and district centre vitality and viability through the application of a sequential approach to retail development.

South Dublin County Council 203 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

R2 Objective 2: To direct new major retail floorspace in the County to designated centres of the appropriate level and the identified Retail Opportunity Sites; and S1 C1 C2 to further direct retail development in designated centres into the Core Retail Areas and restrict retail development outside of the Core Retail Area to an appropriate level and form of retail development

Maintaining, revitalising and improving existing town and local centres which are considered brownfield sites, will provide for existing and future needs, and should alleviate development pressure in other areas, which may be beneficial for biodiversity sites and resources both within, and as a secondary consequence, outside the county in surrounding areas. Providing for local and county needs within retail areas, especially retail areas served by adequate public transport and a high local population will reduce car dependency and emissions. (SEO W1 W2 W3) Some centres may undergo a level of intensification or increased plot coverage or hard surfacing, resulting in increased surface water flows, potential impacts on groundwater and flooding, especially where such centres are adjacent to the Dodder River. Retail (R) Policy 3 Tallaght Town Centre HH1 S1 B3 It is the policy of the Council to maintain and enhance the primary S3 W1 retailing and major town centre function of Tallaght Town Centre a Level W2 W3 2 Retail Centre. C1 C2 M1 M2 CH1 CH2 L1 R3 Objective 1: To continue to develop Tallaght as a vibrant HH1 S1 B3 and sustainable County Town at the top of the County’s settlement and S3 W1 retail hierarchies, and improve Tallaght’s importance in regional retail W2 W3 terms. C1 C2 M1 M2 CH1 CH2 L1 R3 Objective 3: HH1 S1 B3 To promote the intensification of the Core Retail Area of Tallaght. S3 W1 W2 W3 C1 C2 M1 M2 CH1 CH2 L1

South Dublin County Council 204 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

R3 Objective 4: To promote and encourage the development HH1 S1 B3 and redevelopment, to a high standard of urban design, of S3 W1 the identified Retail Opportunity Sites at, and adjacent to, the Square W2 W3 Shopping Centre and the former Woodies site on the Belgard Road. C1 C2 M1 M2 CH1 CH2 L1 Promotion and development of vibrant, walkable, mixed use urban centres, based around high quality public transport, would facilitate significant reductions in car based movements and emissions. Concentrating development in urban centres will result in the development of brownfield sites, relieving development pressure on Greenfield areas. More effective provision of environmental infrastructure to serve urban areas, in addition to reduced development of Greenfield sites, would result in retention of habitats and associated networks, including streams and rivers, and assist in compliance with the requirements of the WFD and Habitats Directive. Concentrating development within urban centres will provide continual uses for protected structures, in addition to relieving pressure on heritage sits on Greenfield lands. Landscape preservation would also be assisted by concentrating development in less sensitive urban centres. Concentration of development in urban centres may lead to some loss of habitat networks associated with lower density development (SEO B3). Identification, preservation or amelioration of these networks should be undertaken, in order to ensure continued habitat connectivity. Retail (R) Policy 4 Liffey Valley Major Retail Centre It is the policy of the Council to support the level 2 retail function of Liffey HH1 S1 Valley Shopping Centre. C1 C2

R4 Objective 1: To support Liffey Valley as a Major Retail Centre and allow for the growth of the existing shopping centre and HH1 S1 complementary leisure, retail warehouse and commercial land uses. C1 C2

R4 Objective 2: To support and facilitate consolidation of the HH1 S1 quantum and quality of the retail offering at the Liffey Valley Major Retail C1 C2 Centre

R4 Objective 3: To support the development of retail HH1 S1 warehousing within the Liffey Valley Major Retail Centre. C1 C2

South Dublin County Council 205 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

R4 Objective 4: To prepare a Local Area Plan for the Liffey Valley Major Retail Centre with reference to the retail warehousing zone at the S1 adjoining Fonthill Industrial Estate.

R4 Objective 5: To promote a high standard of urban design in the Major Retail Centre that contributes to the creation of safe and attractive spaces and creates desirable places within which to work and visit. S1 Facilitating a walkable town centre at Liffey Valley would reduce car based movements. Development at this location would reduce development pressure in other, probably Greenfield locations. Issues relating to water run-off should be mitigated.

Retail (R) Policy 5 - Clondalkin Town Centre It is the policy of the Council to maintain and enhance the level 3 retailing B2 HH1 B3 CH1 function of Clondalkin Town Centre. S1 S3 C1 CH2 W1 C2 M1 W2 W3 M2 L1

B2 HH1 B3 CH1 R5 Objective 1: S1 S3 C1 CH2 W1 To develop Clondalkin as a high quality, vibrant service centre. C2 M1 W2 W3 M2 L1

R5 Objective 2: B2 HH1 B3 CH1 To support the vitality and viability of retailing in the Town and Village S1 S3 C1 CH2 W1 Centre and encourage the expansion and intensification of the Core C2 W2 W3 Retail Area to serve the established and growing catchment population.

R5 Objective 3: To facilitate the provision of a high level and a HH1 C1 broad range of retailing in the Core Retail Area of Clondalkin, along with C2 a broad range of services and functions in the wider Town Centre zoning

South Dublin County Council 206 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

R5 Objective 4: To promote and encourage the development / S1 C1 C2 redevelopment of the identified Retail Opportunity Sites in the Core HH1 Retail Area, including the Mill Centre.

These objectives will retain the attractiveness of the older village area, which should complement the Clondalkin Town centre area and guide future development proposals. Retail (R) Policy 6 - District Centres It is the policy of the Council to maintain and enhance the retailing B1 B2 B3 function of District Centres. HH1 S1 S3 W1 W2 W3 C1 C2 M1 M2 CH1 CH2 L1 R6 Objective 1: To promote the development of District S1 C1 C2 Centres, as sustainable, multifaceted, retail led mixed-use centres. HH1

R6 Objective 2: To ensure that the scale and type of retail offer in S1 C1 C2 District Centres is sufficient to serve a district catchment, without HH1 adversely impacting on or drawing trade from higher order retail centres.

R6 Objective 3: B3 S1 C1 C2 To support and facilitate the development of new District Centres of an HH1 appropriate urban scale at Adamstown and Clonburris in accordance with approved Planning Schemes which should provide a sustainable retail mix including department stores and shopping centres that facilitates walking, cycling and use of public transport and reduces car journeys outside the SDZ for many retail needs.

South Dublin County Council 207 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Promotion and development of vibrant, walkable, mixed use urban centres, based around high quality public transport, would facilitate significant reductions in car based movements and emissions (SEO HH1 C1 C2). Concentrating development in urban centres will result in the development of brownfield sites, relieving development pressure on Greenfield areas. More effective provision of environmental infrastructure to serve urban areas, in addition to reduced development of Greenfield sites, would result in retention of habitats and associated networks, including streams and rivers, and assist in compliance with the requirements of the WFD and Habitats Directive. Concentrating development within urban centres will provide continual uses for protected structures, in addition to relieving pressure on heritage sits on Greenfield lands. Landscape preservation would also be assisted by concentrating development in less sensitive urban centres. (SEO B3) Concentration of development in urban centres may lead to some loss of habitat networks associated with lower density development. Identification, preservation or amelioration of these networks should be undertaken, in order to ensure continued habitat connectivity. Retail (R) Policy 7 - Village Centres It is policy of the Council to strengthen the retail, retail services and niche B1 B2 B3 retailing function of traditional villages. HH1 S1 S3 W1 W2 W3 C1 C2 M1 M2 CH1 CH2 L1 R7 Objective 1: To support and facilitate the development of B3 moderate retail, retail services and niche retailing in the traditional S1 HH1 village centres. C1 C2

Promotion and development of vibrant, walkable, mixed use urban centres, based around high quality public transport, would facilitate significant reductions in car based movements and emissions (SEO HH1 C1 C2). Concentrating development in urban centres will result in the development of brownfield sites, relieving development pressure on Greenfield areas. More effective provision of environmental infrastructure to serve urban areas, in addition to reduced development of Greenfield sites, would result in retention of habitats and associated networks, including streams and rivers, and assist in compliance with the requirements of the WFD and Habitats Directive. Concentrating development within urban centres will provide continual uses for protected structures, in addition to relieving pressure on heritage sits on Greenfield lands. Landscape preservation would also be assisted by concentrating development in less sensitive urban centres. (SEO B3) Concentration of development in urban centres may lead to some loss of habitat networks associated with lower density development. Identification, preservation or amelioration of these networks should be undertaken, in order to ensure continued habitat connectivity.

South Dublin County Council 208 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Retail (R) Policy 8 - Local Centres It is the policy of the Council to maintain and enhance the retailing B1 B2 B3 function of Local Centres. HH1 S1 S3 W1 W2 W3 C1 C2 M1 M2 CH1 CH2 L1

R8 Objective 1: To support the development of Local Centres as sustainable, B1 B2 B3 multifaceted, retail led mixed use Local Centres. HH1 S1 S3 W1 W2 W3 C1 C2 M1 M2 CH1 CH2 L1 R8 Objective 2: To ensure that the scale and type of retail offer S1 C1 C2 B3 in Local Centres is sufficient to serve a local catchment, without adversely HH1 impacting on or drawing trade from higher order retail centres.

Promotion and development of vibrant, walkable, mixed use urban centres, based around high quality public transport, would facilitate significant reductions in car based movements and emissions (SEO HH1 C1 C2). Concentrating development in urban centres will result in the development of brownfield sites, relieving development pressure on Greenfield areas. More effective provision of environmental infrastructure to serve urban areas, in addition to reduced development of Greenfield sites, would result in retention of habitats and associated networks, including streams and rivers, and assist in compliance with the requirements of the WFD and Habitats Directive. Concentrating development within urban centres will provide continual uses for protected structures, in addition to relieving pressure on heritage sits on Greenfield lands. Landscape preservation would also be assisted by concentrating development in less sensitive urban centres. Concentration of development in urban centres may lead to some loss of habitat networks associated with lower density development (SEO B3). Identification, preservation or amelioration of these networks should be undertaken, in order to ensure continued habitat connectivity.

South Dublin County Council 209 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Retail (R) Policy 9 Retail Warehousing C1 C2 C1 It is the policy of the Council to consolidate existing retail warehousing S1 C2 clusters and to direct new retail warehousing floor space in the County, into the Major Retail Centre (MRC) and Retail Warehousing (RW) zones.

R9 Objective 1: C1 C2 C1 To direct Retail Warehousing into lands designated with Zoning S1 C2 Objective ‘MRC’ (To protect, improve and provide for the future development of a Major Retail Centre) and ‘RW’ (To provide for and consolidate retail warehousing) and to limit new retail warehousing / retail park floor space outside of these areas.

R9 Objective 2: To ensure that retail warehousing development would C1 C2 C1 not impact adversely on the vitality and viability of established retail C2 centres and retail warehousing cores in the County, in accordance with S1 the Retail Planning Guidelines for Planning Authorities 2012. The majority of issues raised relate to the improvement, increase, location and provision of mixed uses in town, district and local centre. The issues considered of importance relate to SEO S1, C1 and C2. The improvement or provision of mixed uses in existing centres would improve the SEO relating to brownfield lands. The provision of mixed uses is also proposed for proposed commercial developments. Improvement of the retail offering and promotion of mixed uses within all centres may in effect reduce car movements to an extent. Where such improvements are proposed at the upper tier of the retail strategy, then public transport and pedestrian accessibility must also be available, or car journeys may increase.

Retail (R) Policy 10– Fast Food Outlets/ Takeaways

It is the policy of the County that the provision of fast food outlets and HH1 S3 takeaways will be managed.

R10 Objective 1: To prevent an excessive concentration of fast food outlets / takeaways and ensure that the intensity of any proposed use is in keeping with both the scale of the relevant building and the pattern of development in the area. HH1 S3

South Dublin County Council 210 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

No R10 Objective 2: To restrict the opening of new fast impact on food/takeaway outlets in close proximity to schools so as to protect the SEOs health and wellbeing of school-going children

This policy and objective will restrict noise and litter pollution. Retail (R) Policy 11 – Off Licences & Betting Offices

It is the policy of the County that the provision of Off – Licences and HH1 S3 Betting Shops will be managed and the Council will seek to prevent an excessive concentration of these land uses.

R11 Objective 1: To prevent an excessive concentration of off- HH1 S3 licence and betting offices This policy and objective will restrict noise and litter pollution.

South Dublin County Council 211 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Chapter 6 Transport and Mobility

Likely to Probable Potential Uncertain Neutral No Likely Improve Conflict Conflict interactio Interacti interaction status of with status with status n on with status of SEOs of SEOs- of SEOs- with status with SEOs Unlikely to likely to be of SEOs status of be mitigated SEOs mitigated

Transport and Mobility (TM) Policy 1 Overarching B1 CH2 B2 B1 B2 B3 L1 M1 It is the policy of the Council to promote the sustainable B3 W1 W2 CH1 CH2 development of the County through the creation of an W3 C1 C2 integrated transport network that services the needs of S1 HH1 M1 communities and businesses. M2 CH1 L1

TM1 Objective 1: To support and guide national No impact agencies in delivering major improvements to the transport on SEOs network.

TM1 Objective 2: To spatially arrange activities around, and improve access to, existing and planned transport HH1 C1 C2 infrastructure and services.

TM1 Objective 3: To focus on improvements to the local road and street network that better utilise existing road space and encourage a transition toward more sustainable modes of HH1 C1 C2 transport, while ensuring sufficient road capacity exists for the residual proportion of the trips which will continue to be taken by private vehicle.

South Dublin County Council 212 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

TM1 Objective 4: To prioritise new road construction that provides access to new communities and development HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 L1 areas, and supports the economic development of the County. TM1 Objective 5: To balance the needs of road users HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 L1 and the local community with the need to support the development of a sustainable transportation network.

TM1 Objective 6: HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 L1 To support the delivery of sufficient public transport and road capacity to facilitate sustainable new development in the County. . Basing the development scenario for the county around a high quality, sustainable and integrated transport system should allow for more efficient linking of land use and increased density of development to efficient transport locations. This should reduce development sprawl and emissions, improve biodiversity and have less impact on water resources based on the proper and sustainable location of land uses beside appropriate transport systems. (SEO B1 B2 B3 L1). Transport and Mobility (TM) Policy 2 Public Transport It is the policy of the Council to promote the sustainable development of the County by supporting and guiding national agencies in delivering major improvements to the HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 L1 public transport network and to ensure existing and planned public transport services provide an attractive and convenient alternative to the car.

TM2 Objective 1: To secure the implementation of major public transport projects as identified within the relevant HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 L1 public transport strategies and plans for the Greater Dublin Area.

South Dublin County Council 213 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

TM2 Objective 2: To establish future public transport HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 L1 routes that will support the County’s medium to long term development, in particular orbital routes.

TM2 Objective 3: To generate additional demand for public transport services through integrated land use planning HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 L1 and maximising access to existing and planned public transport services throughout the network.

TM2 Objective 4: To create an interlinked network that HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 L1 maximises the efficiency of existing services, reduce overall journey times and allows easy exchanges between modes and/or routes.

Overall these objectives promote sustainable development and encourage the provision of routes for pedestrians and cyclists throughout the plan lands which will facilitate cycling/pedestrian movements and allow for a reduction in emissions and car dependence, thereby improving human health (SEO HH1 C1 C2). The creation of walking and cycling facilities may impact on habitat connectivity, biodiversity and landscape, but these will likely be mitigated (SEO B1 B2 B3, L1) Transport and Mobility (TM) Policy 3 Walking and Cycling It is the policy of the Council to re-balance movement priorities toward more sustainable modes of transportation by HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 L1 prioritising the development of walking and cycling facilities within a safe and traffic calmed street environment.

TM3 Objective 1: To create a comprehensive and HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 L1 legible County-wide network of cycling and walking routes that link communities to key destinations, amenities and leisure activities with reference to the policies and objectives contained in Chapter 9 (Heritage, Conservation and Landscape) particularly those that relate to Public Rights of Way and Permissive Access Routes.

South Dublin County Council 214 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

TM3 Objective 2: To ensure that connectivity for HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 L1 pedestrians and cyclists is maximised in new communities and improved within existing areas in order to maximise access to local shops, schools, public transport services and other amenities, while seeking to minimise opportunities for anti- social behaviour and respecting the wishes of local communities

TM3 Objective 3: To ensure that all streets and street HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 L1 networks are designed to prioritise the movement of pedestrians and cyclists within a safe and comfortable environment for a wide range of ages, abilities and journey types.

TM3 Objective 4: To prioritise the upgrade of footpaths, HH1 C1 C2 lighting & public realm maintenance and supporting signage on public roads/paths where a demonstrated need exists for busy routes used by runners & walkers.

TM3 Objective 5: HH1 C1 C2 To provide that planning permissions granted for the development of all new schools or for existing schools where 25% or greater expansion in classrooms is proposed, should include a requirement for the provision of cycle paths from the school to join the nearest cycle network, where feasible. TM3 Objective 6: HH1 C1 C2 To ensure that all walking and cycling routes have regard to B3 L1 pertaining environmental conditions and sensitivities and incorporate appropriate avoidance and mitigation measures as part of any environmental assessments.

South Dublin County Council 215 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

TM3 SLO 1: To provide for a pedestrian bridge over the N7 HH1 C1 C2 at the Barney’s Lane junction to improve access to the Saggart Luas terminus. TM3 SLO 2: That access to the Deerpark Estate from the HH1 C1 C2 development of Elder Heath/Park or from any future development in the Killinarden and Kiltipper areas be limited to cyclists and pedestrians only. Overall these objectives promote sustainable development and encourage the provision of routes for pedestrians and cyclists throughout the plan lands which will facilitate cycling/pedestrian movements and allow for a reduction in emissions and car dependence, thereby improving human health (SEO HH1 C1 C2). the creation of walking and cycling facilities may impact on habitat connectivity, biodiversity and landscape, but these will likely be mitigated (SEO B1 B2 B3, L1)

Table 6.4 Six Year Cycle Network Programme Name Description Route

Dodder Green Route/ Bohernabreena to Rathfarnham Greenway Primary Route via Firhouse and Old Bawn HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 L1 /9A (linking to Dublin City Centre)

Camac Green Route/ Corkagh Park to Grand Canal Greenway Primary route via Clondalkin. HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 L1 /7C Liffey Green Route Lucan to Palmerstown via Lucan Valley (linking from Leixlip to Heuston Greenway Station). HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 L1

Grand Green Route Extension of existing route to Canal Hazelhatch. HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 L1

Greenway

South Dublin County Council 216 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Griffeen Green Route Extension of existing route from Valley Griffeen Valley Park to Lucan Greenway HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 L1

S05 Primary Route Tallaght to Ballyboden via Old Bawn, Dodder Valley Park, Firhouse and Knocklyon HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 L1 (linking to Dun Laoghaire).

S05 Primary Route Tallaght to Liffey Valley via Belgard, Clondalkin and Clonburris. HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 L1

S6 Primary Route Lucan to Palmerstown via N4 (linking to Dublin City Centre). HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 L1 7A Primary Route Lucan to Palmerstown via Liffey Valley and Palmerstown (linking to Dublin City Centre). HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 L1

8B/8A Primary Tallaght to Walkinstown via /Secondary Greenhills and Crumlin (linking HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 L1 Route to Dublin City Centre).

9A/9B Primary/ Tallaght to Templeogue via HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 L1 Secondary Tallaght Village, M50

Route underpass and Spawell.

9C Secondary Tallaght to Saggart via N81,

Route Jobstown and Fortunestown. HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 L1

South Dublin County Council 217 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

n/a Minor Old Bawn crossroads, alongside HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 L1 Greenway the N81, to link with the other Slí na Sláinte- Dodder Park.

n/a Minor From Lucan-Newland Road HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 L1 Greenway (Griffeen Valley Greenway) to

Adamstown Road through

Vesey Park

n/a Feeder Kiltipper Way to Dodder HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 L1 Greenway.

Other Projects Description

Walkinstown Roundabout Major roundabout upgrade to HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 L1 provide for improved pedestrian and cyclist facilities.

Overall the Cycle Network Programme promotes sustainable development and encourages the provision of routes for pedestrians and cyclists throughout the plan lands which will facilitate cycling/pedestrian movements and allow for a reduction in emissions and car dependence, thereby improving human health (SEO HH1 C1 C2). The creation of walking and cycling facilities may impact on habitat connectivity, biodiversity and landscape, but these will likely be mitigated (SEO B1 B2 B3, L1)

South Dublin County Council 218 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Transport and Mobility (TM) Policy 4 Strategic Road and B1 B2 B3 S1 B1 B2 B3 L1 Street Network S3 W1 W2 CH1 CH2 It is the policy of the Council to improve and expand the W3 C1 C2 County-wide strategic road and street network to support

economic development and provide access to new communities and development.

TM4 Objective 1: To secure the implementation of B1 B2 B3 S1 B1 B2 B3 L1 major road projects as identified within the relevant strategies S3 W1 W2 CH1 CH2 and plans for the Greater Dublin Area. W3 C1 C2

TM4 Objective 2: To increase competitiveness by B1 B2 B3 S1 B1 B2 B3 L1 ensuring the efficient movement of people and goods between S3 W1 W2 CH1 CH2 enterprise and employment areas and the National road W3 C1 C2 network.

TM4 Objective 3: To ensure that developing areas have B1 B2 B3 S1 B1 B2 B3 L1 sufficient access to the County’s road network. S3 W1 W2 CH1 CH2 W3 C1 C2

TM4 Objective 4: B1 B2 3 L1 To ensure that all road and street networks proposals have W1 W3 regard to pertaining environmental conditions and sensitivities and incorporate appropriate avoidance and mitigation measures as part of any environmental assessments. TM4 SLO 1: To ensure that development of the lands S1 HH1 zoned “RES-N” at Tootenhill (Rathcoole) accommodates the C1 C2 B3 required road reservation for a Western Dublin Orbital Route. W1 L1

South Dublin County Council 219 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Relevant strategies for the GDA promote the integration of land use and public transport. This would result in more intensive use of locations along high quality public transport use, resulting in less sprawl and development on Greenfield sites. This will allow for the retention of areas of biodiversity, water issues and landscape. Some impact on heritage sites may be experienced due to routing or improvement to transport infrastructure.

Regarding SLO1, Zoning additional Greenfield lands to facilitate residential development, adjacent to a small town served by infrequent public transport, would result in significant negative impacts. Development would negatively impact on the flood plain of a tributary of the Griffeen River, associated biodiversity corridor and the rural landscape, would generate sprawl and would increase car travel and car dependency due to the extension of the western edge of Rathcoole. Furthermore the development of this area would be contrary to the preferred scenario (and the Core Strategy) which seeks to consolidate development within the County and locate development in proximate to well serviced public transport links.

Table 6.5 Six Year Road Programme Road Description Function HH1 C1 C2 B3 Adamstown Various streets Formation of a Street within the strategic street Network Adamstown SDZ network providing lands. access throughout the site.

C1 C2 HH1 B3

Ballycullen- Various streets Formation of a Oldcourt within the strategic street Street Ballycullen- network providing Network Oldcourt LAP access throughout lands. the site. C1 C2 HH1 B3

Ballymount New link road To provide Road though improved access to Extension Robinhood from the Ballymount and Ballymount

South Dublin County Council 220 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Avenue to Robinhood Longmile Road. employment areas. C1 C2 HH1 B3

Celbridge Link New road To provide access Road between the to the Adamstown Adamstown SDZ SDZ lands. lands and Celbridge Road (R403). C1 C2 HH1 B3

Citywest New road north of To provide Junction Link the Citywest Road improved access (N82) and Naas to/from the Road (N7) Baldonnell junction at employment area. Brownsbarn. C1 C2 HH1 B1 B2 B3 L1

Clonburris/Kis Various streets Formation of a hogue Street within the strategic street Network Clonburris network providing SDZ/LAP lands. access throughout the Clonburris LAP/SDZ lands. Fortunestown Various Streets Formation of a Street within the strategic street C1 C2 HH1 B1 B2 B3 L1 Network Fortunestown LAP network providing lands. access the Fortunestown LAP lands.

South Dublin County Council 221 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Greenhill Upgrade of To provide

Road upgrade Greenhills Road improved access

and links from Airton Road to/between

to Walkinstown employment lands C1 C2 HH1 Roundabout with within Tallaght and

new links to Ballymount and

Ballymount Robinhood and to

Avenue, Limekiln provide improved

Road and access to and from

Calmount Road. the Greenpark,

Limekiln and

Greenhills area.

.

New Nangor Upgrade/realignm To provide

Road/ R134 ent of existing improved access to

Upgrade road between the Grange Castle C1 C2 HH1 B1 B2 B3 Nangor and employment lands

Ballybane. from Clondalkin

and the R120 with

further links to the

proposed Western

Orbital Route (see

below).

Griffeen Improvements at Enhance the

Avenue junctions with efficiency and C1 C2 HH1 B1 B2 B3 Griffeen Road, safety of these

Outer Ring Road junctions for all

and the link users.

between them.

South Dublin County Council 222 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Kennelsfort Upgrade of Provision of grade Road and the existing junction separated junction R148. to enhance the efficiency of the C1 C2 HH1 junction, particularly for buses on the N4/Lucan Road QBC and ensure safe crossing facilities are provided for all users.

Newcastle Various streets Formation of a

Street within the strategic street C1 C2 HH1 B1 B2 B3 Network Newcastle LAP network providing

lands. access throughout

the LAP lands.

Newcastle Junction upgrades Enhance the Road (R120) at SuperValu efficiency and C1 C2 HH1 roundabout, safety of these Hillcrest Road and junctions for all N4 overbridge. users.

South Dublin County Council 223 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Tallaght Town Various streets Formation of a Centre Street within the Tallaght strategic street C1 C2 HH1 B3 Network Town Centre. network within the Tallaght Town Centre LAP lands. Templeroan New link road Local road re- Road from Knocklyon alignment. Extension. Road to Firhouse C1 C2 HH1 B1 B2 B3 Road (Knocklyon).

Fonthill Junction upgrade. Upgrade to provide Road/N4 greater access/egress to C1 C2 HH1 B1 B2 B3 Liffey Valley Shopping Centre and South Lucan, improve traffic flow and alleviate tailbacks onto the N4.

The development/upgrade of all of the road proposals will involve reductions in emissions through improved efficiencies, but may increase car dependency unless public transport proposals are provided (SEO HH1 C1 C2). In almost all instances of road development/improvement, biodiversity networks will be impacted, through removal of ditches/hedgerows. (SEO B1 B2 B3) Cumulatively, roads development, especially in outer urban or rural areas may result in Greenfield sites/feature/networks being impacted through development pressure

South Dublin County Council 224 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Table 6.6 Medium to Long Term Road Objectives

Proposal Description Function

Adamstown New link road from To provide access

South Road Adamstown SDZ between the C1 C2 B3 lands (via the existing Adamstown SDZ lands HH1 railway bridge) and Grange Castle

through the Grange Employment Area. Castle employment lands.

Alymer Road Upgrade of existing To provide improved Upgrade road from access between C1 C2 B3 Blundelstown to employment areas of HH1

Keeloges. Greenogue and Grange Castle.

Ballyboden Upgrade of existing To enhance pedestrian Road/Stocking road and cycling facilities C1 C2 B3 Lane (R115) and exploit the tourist HH1 potential of the route.

Ballymount Various streets within Formation of a C1 C2 HH1 B3 Industrial the Ballymount strategic street Estates Street employment area. network within the Network Ballymount and Robinhood

employment areas.

South Dublin County Council 225 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Blessington Upgrade of the Improvements of the Road/N81 existing route National Road including the networks between extension of the dual Dublin City Centre (via S1

carriage way from Tallaght) and B3 C1 C2 Jobstown to the Blessington, Co. HH1 CH1 Embankment and an Wicklow W1 B3

upgrade from the Embankment to the County border at Lisheen, to a safe,

modern, single lane, carriage way with associated works for

public transport.

Citywest Re-alignment of To improve the safety

Junction eastbound slip lane. of access to the N7. C1 C2 B3

Improvement HH1

Cloverhill Upgrade of Cloverhill To provide improved Road/Ninth Road from the M50 access to employment Lock Road and upgrade of Ninth areas within Clondalkin B3 C1 C2 Upgrade and Lock Road from and Parkwest (see also Link Road. Fonthill Road to a Junction 8 below). HH1 new link road adjacent to the

Dublin-Kildare railway Line.

South Dublin County Council 226 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Esker Lane/N4 Junction re-opening Reopening of former

and upgrade. junction to alleviate local traffic congestion. C1 C2 The junction will HH1 include upgrade works B3

to ensure that safe access/egress can be made. A range of

options will be considered including a dedicated slip road to the Newcastle Road

Interchange. Junction 8 - Re-establishment of To promote M50 the J8 junction. development of

C1 C2 enterprise lands at Clondalkin (and HH1 Parkwest) and to alleviate traffic

congestion within Clondalkin and Palmerstown villages.

Killeen Road New link road from To provide improved C1 C2 Extension Nangor Road to access to the Fox and HH1

Chestnut Road. Geese employment

area.

Killinniny Road Minor widening of To reduce delays to the

C1 C2 the existing M50 and create carriageway within additional road space HH1 the curtilage of the for the provision of

existing road.

South Dublin County Council 227 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

dedicated bus and

cycle lanes. Lock Upgrade of existing To provide improved Road/R120 road from access to the Grange C1 C2 HH1 Upgrade Adamstown to Castle employment Ballybane. area.

New Nangor New road between To provide access to Road Extension Ballybane and employment lands Brownstown. within Grange Castle C1 C2 from the proposed HH1 Western Orbital Route (see below).

Oak Road New road linking Oak To provide improved Extension Road to Robinhood access between the Road. Ballymount, C1 C2 Robinhood and Fox HH1 and Geese employment areas. Tandy’s Junction re-opening Re-opening of former Lane/N4 and upgrade. junction to provide access to the N. The junction will include upgrade works to C1 HH1 ensure that safe access/egress can be made.

Tay Lane/N7 Junction re-opening Re-opening of former Junction and upgrade. junction to alleviate C1 HH1 local traffic congestion. The junction will

South Dublin County Council 228 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

include upgrade works to ensure that safe access/egress can be made.

Western Dublin New high capacity Orbital Route road from Tootenhill Major regional link (north) to the Leixlip between the N7 to N4. Interchange (with a Any further provision shall to connections, and a make a further possible alternative connection to the route to the west of N3). Leixlip and/or B3 C2 L1 Celbridge, will be B2 B3 determined in consultation with Kildare and Fingal County Councils, the B1 B2 National Roads S1 Authority and the National Transport Authority. The primary objective of South Dublin County Council in this regard shall be to protect the scenic Liffey Valley parklands and amenities at Lucan Demesne and St Catherine’s by restricting any road bridge at this location while giving

South Dublin County Council 229 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

consideration to the possibility of a tunnel.

Western Dublin New road from Link between the N81 Orbital Route Boherboy to and the N7 with a by- B1 B2 B3 C2 L1 (south) Tootenhill. pass function around S1 B2 B3 Rathcoole and Saggart.

South Dublin County Council 230 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

The development/upgrade of all of the road proposals will involve reductions in emissions through improved efficiencies, but may increase car dependency unless public transport proposals are provided. In almost all instances of road development/improvement, biodiversity networks will be impacted, through removal of ditches/hedgerows. (SEO B2-B3) Cumulatively, roads development, especially in outer urban or rural areas may result in Greenfield sites/feature/networks being impacted through development pressure. Around Bohernabreena and Brittas/Aghfarrell, development as a result of roads improvement could impact on supporting habitats for SACs and pNHAs.

The N81 Upgrade will ameliorate noise for numerous properties, but may increase noise for others. Monument site 021-081 will be impacted, while Lugmore Glen, a pNHA may be impacted by the road re-alignment. Numerous archaeological sites lie along the route of the roadway. Providing for the road improvement without implementing measures to reduce car based traffic levels currently utilizing the road will facilitate increased car movements, which would conflict with SEO S1 S2 and HH1. This could specifically occur with regard to land adjacent to the N81 which may be subject to redevelopment proposals. The southern section of the road, which lies in the Dublin Mountain Zone will have an impact on landscape. This would be exacerbated by development in the Mountain Zone, specifically around Brittas, which would result due to the improved road and associated infrastructure.

Western Orbital Route The proposed road will facilitate significant car based movements, both into and through the county, The road will traverse agricultural land in the predominantly rural western hinterland of the county, impacting upon the river Griffeen and tributaries, the Tobermaclugg Stream and other wet ditches, hedgerows and tree lines, in addition to changing the character or the rural landscape. The proposal traverses the Grand Canal, and would impact severely upon the historic and landscape character of the Canal as well as upon associated banks, hedgerows and tow-paths which comprise one of the most significant biodiversity corridors in the county and region. A requirement to assess the need for this road should be undertaken prior to route selection, which will also undergo assessment of various routes in addition to mitigation for biodiversity, landscape and the Grand Canal

Transport and Mobility (TM) Policy 5 Traffic and Transport Management It is the policy of Council to effectively manage and minimise the impacts of traffic within the County. HH1 C1 C2

TM5 Objective 1: To effectively manage the flow of through traffic along the strategic road network and maximise HH1 C1 C2 the efficient use of existing road resources.

South Dublin County Council 231 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

TM5 Objective 2: To protect sensitive areas from HH1 C1 C2 inappropriate levels of traffic and in particular the movement of Heavy Goods Vehicles.

TM5 Objective 3: To minimise the impact of new HH1 C1 C2 development on the County road and street network

TM5 SLO 1: To seek to reconfigure the road layout and HH1 C1 C2 traffic management arrangements so as to improve flow around Lucan Village Green, including at the junctions of Lucan/Celbridge Road with Adamstown Road and Main Street. An approach which takes into account the overall design of streets and their use by stakeholders should be more effective in slowing traffic while utilising the street for residents through movement by pedestrians and cyclists

South Dublin County Council 232 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Transport and Mobility (TM) Policy 6 Road and Street Design It is the policy of Council to ensure that streets and roads within the County are designed to balance the needs of place and HH1 C1 C2 movement and provide safe traffic calmed street environment, particularly in sensitive areas and where vulnerable users are present.

TM6 Objective 1: To appropriately apply speed limits taking into account the characteristics of the surrounding area, HH1 C1 C2 the design of the street environment and the presence of vulnerable users.

TM6 Objective 2: To ensure that all streets and street HH1 C1 C2 networks are designed to passively calm traffic through the creation of a self-regulating street environment.

TM6 Objective 3: To advance national and local HH1 C1 C2 initiatives in relation to road design and safety.

TM6 Objective 4: To prioritise safety at rural junctions HH1 C1 C2

An approach which takes into account the overall design of streets and their use by stakeholders should be more effective in slowing traffic while utilising the street for residents through movement by pedestrians and cyclists Transport and Mobility (TM) Policy 7 Car Parking

It is the policy of Council to take a balanced approach to the provision of car parking with the aim of meeting the needs of HH1 C1 C2 businesses and communities whilst promoting a transition towards more sustainable forms of transportation.

South Dublin County Council 233 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

TM7 Objective 1: To carefully consider the number of parking spaces provided to service the needs of new HH1 C1 C2 development.

TM7 Objective 2: To effectively design and manage HH1 C1 C2 parking to ensure the efficient turnover of spaces.

TM7 Objective 3: To ensure that car parking does not detract from the comfort and safety of pedestrians/cyclists or HH1 C1 C2 the attractiveness of the landscape.

TM7 Objective 4: To make provisions for the use of electric vehicles through a significant increase in the provision HH1 C1 C2 of clearly and exclusively designated electric car charging points on public and private land in partnership with ESB and other relevant stakeholders and land owners.

TM7 SLO 1: Provide for visitor parking spaces, along with HH1 C1 C2 B3 a turning point, on any primary access roadway off Mount Bellew Way so as to provide for future development of these zoned lands, and to facilitate the better management of drop-offs and pick-ups at the neighbouring Lucan Educate Together NS.

Provision of parking spaces should be carefully balance with the need to encourage modal shift to sustainable modes of transport.

South Dublin County Council 234 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Chapter 7 Infrastructure and Environmental Quality

Likely to Probable Potential Uncertain Neutral No Improve Conflict Conflict interaction Interaction Likely status of with status with with status with status interactio SEOs of SEOs- status of of SEOs of SEOs n Unlikely to SEOs- with be mitigated likely to status of be SEOs mitigate d Policies/Objectives

Infrastructure & Environmental Quality (IE) Policy 1 – Water B1 B2 HH1 S1 B1 B2 & Wastewater S3 W1 W2 W3 B3 L1 It is the policy of the Council to work in conjunction with Irish M1 M2 C1 C2 Water to protect existing water and drainage infrastructure and L1 to promote investment in the water and drainage network to support environmental protection and facilitate the sustainable growth of the County.

IE1 Objective 1: To work in conjunction with Irish Water HH1S1 S3 W1 B1 B2 to protect, manage and optimise water supply and foul drainage W2 W3 M1 M2 B3 L1 networks in the County.

IE1 Objective 2: To work in conjunction with Irish Water B2 B3 W1 W2 to facilitate the timely delivery of ongoing upgrades and the W3 M1 M2 expansion of water supply and wastewater services to meet the HH1 future needs of the County and the Region.

South Dublin County Council 235 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

IE1 Objective 3: To support Irish Water in delivering key water service projects. Key Projects to be progressed in South Dublin County include: B1 B2 W1 W2  Completion of the Saggart to W3 M1 M2 S1 Leixlip Watermain Scheme to HH1 provide resilience and flexibility of water supply in the County.  Upgrade of the 9B Foul Sewer to increase drainage capacity in the north of the County.  Upgrade of the Dodder Valley Sewerage Scheme to increase drainage capacity in the south of the County.  Construction of a Saggart / Rathcoole / Newcastle Sewerage Scheme to increase drainage capacity in the west of the County. IE1 Objective 4: To promote and support the B1 B2 W1 W2 implementation of the Greater Dublin Strategic Drainage Study, W3 M1 M2 S1 to include the upgrade of Ringsend Sewerage Treatment Works HH1 and the construction of a new treatment plant at Clonshaugh and all associated works to increase drainage capacity throughout the Dublin Region.

South Dublin County Council 236 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

IE1 Objective 5: To promote and support the W3 M2 HH1 implementation of the Irish Water, Water Supply Project to increase water supply capacity throughout the Dublin Region.

IE1 Objective 6: To protect the natural resources of the B1 B2 W1 W2 County which are the foundation for the Green Infrastructure W3 M1 M2 S1 network and a basis for growth and competitive advantage in HH1 the tourism, food and fisheries sectors.

B1 B2 IE1 Objective 7: To prohibit the connection of surface B3 L1 water outflows to the foul drainage network where separation W1 W2 W3 M1 systems are available. M2

W1 W2 W3 M1 B1 B2 B3 IE1 Objective 8: To work in conjunction with the relevant M2 L1 authorities to seek to provide a new public drainage system to serve houses at Old Lucan Road (between Hermitage Clinic and The King’s Hospital)

IE1 Objective 9: To liaise with the relevant stakeholders, B1 B2 to ensure the implementation of BS8515-2009 rain & grey water W1 W2 W3 M1 B3 L1 harvesting, subject to class of use (SI 600 2001) and the economic M2 viability for the end user.

South Dublin County Council 237 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

E1 Objective `10: To promote water conservation and best practice water conservation practices in all developments, W1 W2 W3 M1 B1 B2 including rain water harvesting, grey water recycling and M2 B3 L1 supporting the implementation of BS8515: 2009 Rainwater harvesting systems – Code of practice

E1 Objective 11: W1 W2 W3 M1 B1 B2 To support the provision of integrated and sustainable water M2 B3 L1 services through effective consultation with Irish Water on the layout and design of water services in relation to the selection and planning of development areas and the preparation of Masterplans/LAPs/ SDZ Planning Schemes.

E1 Objective 12: W1 W2 W3 M1 B1 B2 To support the provision of additional strategic covered storage M2 B3 L1 areas for treated drinking water in the County to provide resilience and flexibility in the drinking water supply in the Greater Dublin Area.

Provision of water and drainage infrastructure should allow for sustainable development in appropriate locations. Additionally providing appropriate wastewater treatment and water supplies will assist in protecting surface and ground waters. Provision of wastewater and drinking water infrastructure may facilitate the development of lands in inappropriate locations, such as in the mountain area. This may have in impact on sensitive lands, or sites adjacent to sensitive lands, such as those around Brittas, or in Bohernabreena. In addition, providing for additional infrastructural capacity in rural areas not served by public transport or other services will increase transport emissions and car dependency.

Partaking in Regional Schemes will allow for more efficient usage of existing and proposed waste water treatment facilities, resulting in improved discharge to receiving waters and more sustainable development due to the absolute need to provide for capacity for growth prior to development.

South Dublin County Council 238 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Infrastructure & Environmental Quality (IE) Policy 2 – Surface Water & Groundwater It is the policy of the Council to manage surface water and to B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 protect and enhance ground and surface water quality to meet W3 HH1 M2 the requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive.

IE2 Objective 1: To maintain, improve and enhance the B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 environmental and ecological quality of our surface waters and W3 HH1 M2 groundwater by implementing the programme of measures set out in the Eastern River Basin District River Basin Management Plan.

IE2 Objective 2: To protect the regionally and locally B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 important aquifers within the County from risk of pollution and W3 HH1 M2 ensure the satisfactory implementation of the South Dublin Groundwater Protection Scheme, 2011, and groundwater source protection zones, where data has been made available by the Geological Survey of Ireland.

IE2 Objective 3: To maintain and enhance existing B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 surface water drainage systems in the County and promote and W3 M2 facilitate the development of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS), including integrated constructed wetlands, at a local, district and County level, to control surface water outfall and protect water quality.

IE2 Objective 4: To incorporate Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) as part of Local Area Plans, Planning Schemes, Framework Plans and Design Statements, to address B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 the potential for Sustainable Urban Drainage at a site and / or W3 M2 district scale, including the potential for wetland facilities

South Dublin County Council 239 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

IE2 Objective 5: To limit surface water run-off from B1 B2 W1 W2 new developments through the use of Sustainable Urban W3 M1 M2 S1 C1 Drainage Systems (SUDS) and avoid the use of underground C2 attenuation and storage tanks.

E2 Objective 6: To promote and support the retrofitting of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) in B1 B2 W1 W2 established urban areas, including integrated constructed W3 M1 M2 S1 wetlands.

IE2 Objective 7: To generally prohibit development B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 within restricted areas identified on the Bohernabreena / W3 Glenasmole Reservoir Restricted Areas Map contained in Schedule 4.

IE2 Objective 8: To protect salmonid water courses, such as the Liffey and Dodder Rivers catchments (including B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 Bohernabreena Reservoir), which are recognised to be W3 exceptional with regard to supporting salmonid fish species.

IE2 Objective 9: To protect water bodies and B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 watercourses within the County from inappropriate W3 development, including rivers, streams, associated undeveloped riparian strips, wetlands and natural floodplains. This will include protection buffers in riverine and wetland areas as appropriate (see also Objective GI2 Objective 13 – Biodiversity Protection Zone).

South Dublin County Council 240 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

IE2 Objective 10: To require adequate and appropriate investigations to be carried out into the nature and extent of B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 any soil and groundwater contamination and the risks W3 associated with site development work, in particular for brownfield development.

IE2 Objective 11: To protect surface water quality by assessing the impact of domestic and industrial B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 misconnections to the drainage network in the County and the W3 associated impact on surface water quality, and by implementing measures to address same. The objectives will help contain contamination of the groundwater and will lessen the potential likelihood of flood risk (SEO W1 W2W3). The establishment of SuDS areas will eventually lead to improvement of biodiversity and will also form a valuable part of the Green Infrastructure network for then County (SEO B1 B2 B3). The provision of a green infrastructure network incorporating SUDS elements will allow for effective operation of wildlife movements and habitat use and retention of existing streams within the County Infrastructure & Environmental Quality (IE) Policy 3 – Flood Risk It is the policy of the Council to continue to incorporate Flood B2 B3 HH1 W1 Risk Management into the spatial planning of the County, to W2 W3 meet the requirements of the EU Floods Directive and the EU Water Framework Directive.

IE3 Objective 1: To support and co-operate with the W1 W2 W3 M1 Office of Public Works in delivering the Catchment-Based Flood M2 HH1 Risk Assessment and Management Programme and in particular the Eastern District CFRAMS Catchment Flood Risk Assessment and Management Study (CFRAMS) and associated Flood Risk Management Plan (FRMP) and the River Dodder Catchment Flood Risk Assessment and Management Study (CFRAMS) and associated Flood Risk Management Plan (FRMP). The recommendations and outputs arising from the CFRAM study for the Eastern District shall be considered in preparing plans and assessing development proposals.

South Dublin County Council 241 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

IE3 Objective 2: To support the implementation of the W1 W2 W3 M1 EU Flood Risk Directive (2007/60/EC) on the assessment and M2 HH1 management of flood risks and the Flood Risk Regulations (SI No 122 of 2010). IE3 Objective 3: To manage flood risk in the County in W1 W2 W3 M1 accordance with the requirements of The Planning System and M2 HH1 Flood Risk Management Guidelines for Planning Authorities, DECLG and OPW (2009) and Circular PL02/2014 (August 2014), in particular when preparing plans and programmes and assessing development proposals. For lands identified as at risk of flooding in (but not limited to) the Strategic Flood Risk Assessment, a site-specific Flood Risk Assessment to an appropriate level of detail, addressing all potential sources of flood risk, is required, demonstrating compliance with the aforementioned Guidelines or any updated version of these Guidelines, paying particular attention to residual flood risks and any proposed site specific flood management measures.

IE3 Objective 4: To support and facilitate the delivery W1 W2 M1 M2 of flood alleviation schemes in South Dublin County, including HH1 the following schemes:

 Poddle Flood Alleviation Scheme.  Ballycullen Flood Alleviation Scheme  Whitechurch River Flood Alleviation (at Rathfarnham), part of the Dodder CFRAMS.

IE3 SLO 1: To require the preparation of a site and HH1 C1 C2 catchment specific Flood Risk Assessment and Mitigation B1 B2 B3 S1 Strategy, prepared by a qualified person(s), to be submitted

South Dublin County Council 242 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

with any proposal for development on the ‘EE’ zoned lands and W1 W2 W3 demonstration that the development satisfies all the criteria of CH1 CH2 the Development Management Justification Test as set out in Table 2.3 of the document titled ‘Strategic Flood Risk Assessment for SDCC Development Plan - Detailed Report on Flood Risk in the Baldonnell Area’. This will retain river systems and associated riparian zones free from development allowing for retention of biodiversity corridors and habitats. In addition flood plains will be free from development, assisting in retaining floodwaters from affecting property in other locations. In certain instances, brownfield sites which are generally suited for redevelopment may be affected by previous flooding, or be located on flood plains, thereby restricting development quantums. Effective partaking in Regional Schemes allows for promotion and management of river basin and flood management schemes

Regarding SLO1, the lands at Baldonnell have been identified as a flood risk area in the SFRA. The retention of this zoning (as Employment Lands) would have direct negative consequences for Biodiversity (river and hedge systems), Transport (no high quality public transport nearby), Heritage (impacts on RMP021-021 & 021-020/Landscape (Visual Sprawl in a rural area)/Rivers (Camac)/Flooding (Camac) in the zoned area, as well as indirectly having negative effects on the sustainable reuse of brownfield sites, biodiversity, landscape, and increased car usage.

The retention of zoning of large additional areas of agricultural land for industrial purposes undermines the development strategy and would facilitate the sprawl of industrial development in numerous locations in the county, rather than in certain appropriate areas. While some conflicts would be likely to be mitigated by measures which have been integrated into the Plan, including those which have arisen from the SEA process, there are likely to be significant residual negative impacts. The proposed SLO requiring a Site and Catchment Specific Flood Risk Assessment and Mitigation Strategy to be carried out with any development proposals on the site allow for the cumulative impact of development on the flood zone to be assessed; however it may result in works being required outside of an applicant’s control. Furthermore, the requirement for heavy engineering works to be carried out as mitigation measures would have a negative impact on biodiversity, rivers, groundwater, landscape and on the overall County GI network.

Infrastructure & Environmental Quality (IE) Policy 4 – Information and Communications Technology B1 B2 B3 It is the policy of the Council to promote and facilitate the HH1 S1 C1 C2 L1 sustainable development of a high quality Information and Communications Technology network throughout the County in order to achieve balanced social and economic development, whilst protecting the amenities of urban and rural areas.

South Dublin County Council 243 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

IE4 Objective 1: To promote and facilitate the provision of B1 B2 B3 appropriate telecommunications infrastructure, including L1 broadband connectivity and other innovative and advancing HH1 S1 C1 C2 technologies within the County.

IE4 Objective 2: To co-operate with the relevant agencies to L1 facilitate the undergrounding of all electricity, telephone and television cables in urban areas wherever possible, in the interests of visual amenity and public health.

IE4 Objective 3: To permit telecommunications antennae and B1 B2 B3 support infrastructure throughout the County, subject to high L1 quality design, the protection of sensitive landscapes and visual amenity.

IE4 Objective 4: To discourage a proliferation of telecommunication masts in the County and promote and B1 B2 B3 L1 facilitate the sharing of facilities.

IE4 Objective 5: To actively discourage the B1 B2 B3 L1 proliferation of above ground utility boxes throughout the County and to promote soft planting around existing ones and any new ones that cannot be installed below the surface to mitigate the impact on the area. B1 B2 B3 L1 IE4 Objective 6: To require the identification of adjacent Public Rights of Way and established walking routes by applicants prior to any new telecommunication developments (including associated processes) and to prohibit telecommunications developments that impinge thereon or on recreational amenities, public access to the countryside or the natural environment.

South Dublin County Council 244 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Promoting and facilitating a widespread telecommunication infrastructure throughout the County will allow for additional levels of home working and ease of access to information, thus reducing car based movements, and allowing for more effective mixed use development. Placing of infrastructure underground has positive visual impact on the landscape character of the County.

The provision of such infrastructure may take the form of antennae, pylons and other structures, which are both visually damaging, and where located in upland, high amenity and mountain areas, may affect sensitive landscapes and habitats. Ensuring the sustainable expansion of such infrastructure should mitigate impacts on sensitive environments. Infrastructure & Environmental Quality (IE) Policy 5 – Waste Management

It is the policy of the Council to implement European Union, B1 B2 HH1 S3 National and Regional waste and related environmental policy, W1 W2 W3 M1 B3 CH1 L1 legislation, guidance and codes of practice to improve M2 management of material resources and wastes.

IE5 Objective 1: To support the implementation of the B1 B2 W1 W2 S3 B3 CH1 L1 Eastern – Midlands Regional Waste Management Plan 2015 – 2021 by adhering to overarching performance targets, policies and policy actions.

IE5 Objective 2: To support waste prevention through behavioural change activities to de-couple economic growth B1 B2 W1 W2 S3 B3 CH1 L1 and resource use.

IE5 Objective 3: To encourage the transition from a waste management economy to a green circular economy to B1 B2 W1 W2 S3 B3 CH1 L1 enhance employment and increase the value recovery and recirculation of resources. IE5 Objective 4: To provide, promote and facilitate high quality sustainable waste recovery and disposal B1 B2 W1 W2 S3 B3 CH1 L1 infrastructure / technology in keeping with the EU waste

South Dublin County Council 245 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

hierarchy and to adequately cater for a growing residential population and business sector.

IE5 Objective 5: To provide for and maintain the network of bring infrastructure (e.g. civic amenity facilities, B1 B2 W1 W2 S3 B3 CH1 L1 bring banks) in the County to facilitate the recycling and recovery of hazardous and non-hazardous municipal wastes.

IE5 Objective 6: To seek the provision of adequately sized public recycling facilities in association with new B1 B2 W1 W2 S3 B3 CH1 L1 commercial developments and in tandem with significant change of use / extensions of existing commercial developments where appropriate.

IE5 Objective 7: To develop a Countywide network of green-waste centres in suitable locations to expand the B1 B2 W1 W2 S3 B3 CH1 L1 collection system for compostable waste. IE5 Objective 8: To secure appropriate provision for the sustainable management of waste within developments, B1 B2 W1 W2 S3 B3 CH1 L1 including the provision of facilities for the storage, separation and collection of such waste.

EU, National and Regional policy all require the reduction in landfilled waste, as well as promotion of a waste pyramid requiring increased emphasis on waste reduction, re-use and re-cycling. Reducing the need to landfill waste will have generally have positive effects on the landscape and associated biodiversity and water issues. Effective provision of well managed waste facilities will have little impact on water supply or river systems. (SEO B3-L1) Legislation requires the provision of certain facilities such as landfills. The location of such a facility, whether in South Dublin or elsewhere in the region will have an adverse effect on landscape and biodiversity corridors, and may impact on underground archaeology.

South Dublin County Council 246 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Infrastructure & Environmental Quality (IE) Policy 6 – Major Accidents It is the policy of the Council to have regard to the provisions of the ‘Major Accidents Directive’ (European Council Directive 2012/18/EU) and the technical advice of the Health and Safety W2 HH1 Authority (HSA) in relation to identified SEVESO sites in the County.

IE6 Objective 1: To have regard to and implement the ‘Policy & Approach of the Health & Safety Authority to the W2 HH1 Control of Major Accident Hazards (COMAH) Risk-based Land- use Planning, HSA, (2010) document with particular emphasis on societal risk and the Individual Risk Matrix for Land Use Planning.

Having regard to the Major Accidents (SEVESSO) Directive will have benefits for human health (SEO HH1) as well as helping to prevent pollution and contamination of groundwater through strict regulations (SEO W2)

Infrastructure & Environmental Quality (IE) Policy 7 – Environmental Quality It is the policy of the Council to have regard to European Union, HH1 C1 C2 National and Regional policy relating to air quality, light pollution and noise pollution and to seek to take appropriate steps to reduce the effects of air, noise and light pollution on environmental quality and residential amenity.

IE7 Objective 1: To implement the provisions of EU and National legislation on air, light and noise control and other relevant legislative requirements, as appropriate, in conjunction with all relevant stakeholders. HH1 C1 C2

South Dublin County Council 247 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

IE7 Objective 2: To implement the recommendations of the Dublin Regional Air Quality Management Plan with the HH1 C1 C2 intention to protect people from the harmful health effects associated with air pollution, to preserve good air quality where it exists and to improve where it is unsatisfactory.

IE7 Objective 3: To implement the relevant spatial HH1 planning recommendations and actions of the Dublin Agglomeration Environmental Noise Action Plan 2013 – 2018.

IE7 Objective 4: To ensure that future developments are designed and constructed to minimise noise disturbances HH1 and take into account the multi-functional uses of streets (e.g. movement, recreation), e.g., Urban Design Manual (2009) and the Design Manual for Urban Roads and Streets 2013.

IE7 Objective 5: To ensure external lighting schemes HH1 B2 minimise light spillage or pollution in the immediate surrounding environment and do not adversely impact on the residential, natural or visual amenity of surrounding areas.

IE7 SLO 1: To provide noise barriers along the uncovered parts of Moy HH1 Glas estate facing the Outer Ring Road and 100 metres along Griffeen Avenue.

Reducing noise/air/light pollution has a positive impact on human health and quality of life (SEO HH1 C1C2) Ensuring external lighting schemes do not negatively infringe on species and their habitats (e.g. bats) is imperative (SEO B2)

South Dublin County Council 248 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Infrastructure and Environmental Quality Policy 8 – B1 B2 B3 S3 W1 W2 B3 L1 CH1 CH2 Casement Aerodrome W3 HH1 C1 C2 HH1 It is the policy of the Council to safeguard the current and future operational, safety, and technical requirements of Casement Aerodrome and to facilitate its ongoing development for military and ancillary uses, such as an aviation museum, within a sustainable development framework.

IE8 Objective 1: To ensure the safety of military air B1 B2 B3 S3 W1 W2 B3 L1 CH1 CH2 traffic, present and future, to and from Casement W3 HH1 C1 C2 HH1 Aerodrome with full regard for the safety of persons on the ground as well as the necessity for causing the least possible inconvenience to local communities. IE8 Objective 2: To maintain the airspace around B1 B2 B3 S3 W1 W2 B3 L1 CH1 CH2 the aerodrome free from obstacles, so as to facilitate W3 HH1 C1 C2 HH1 aircraft operations to be conducted safely, including restricting development in the environs of the aerodrome.

The airspace of Casement is defined by the Obstacle Limitations Surfaces, prepared and mapped on the County Development Plan map in accordance with the ICAO Standards and the Irish Aviation Authority ‘Guidance Material on Aerodrome Annex 14 Surfaces (2015)’, including the following:

a) Prevent objects from penetrating the Obstacle Limitation Surfaces for runway 11/29. The existing main runway (11/29) is considered as an instrument approach Code 4 runway and the relevant Obstacle Limitation Surfaces of the Irish Aviation Authority ‘Guidance Material on Aerodrome Annex 14 Surfaces (2015) are applicable.

South Dublin County Council 249 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

b) Prevent objects from penetrating the established International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) Annex 14 standards for approach, transitional, inner horizontal and conical Code 3 Obstacle Limitation Surfaces for the subsidiary instrument approach runway (23) in accordance with Tables 1-7 of the Irish Aviation Authority ‘Guidance Material on Aerodrome Annex 14 Surfaces (2015). The extent of the lands under the runway approach surface whereby no development is allowed for runway 23 (Corkagh Park) is shown on the Development Plan maps. i.e 1,100 metres.

c) Protect runway 05 as a Code 3 subsidiary visual approach runway due to the land contours in the area and prevent objects from penetrating the relevant approach, transitional, inner horizontal and conical limitation surfaces for a visual approach runway in accordance with Section 3.13 of the Irish Aviation Authority ‘Guidance Material on Aerodrome Annex 14 Surfaces (2015). The extent of the lands under the runway approach surface whereby no development is allowed for runway 05 (Rathcoole end) is shown on the Development Plan maps (i.e 1,100 metres) and the ICAO standards will not prejudice the development of zoned lands in Rathcoole.

South Dublin County Council 250 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

IE8 Objective 3: To implement the principles of B1 B2 B3 S3 W1 W2 B3 L1 CH1 CH2 shielding in assessing proposed development in the vicinity W3 HH1 C1 C2 HH1 of Aerodromes, having regard to Section 3.23 of the Irish Aviation Authority ‘Guidance Material on Aerodrome Annex 14 Surfaces (2015)’.

IE8 Objective 4: To prohibit and restrict B1 B2 B3 S3 W1 W2 B3 L1 CH1 CH2 development in the environs of Casement Aerodrome in W3 HH1 C1 C2 HH1 the following ways:

a) By prohibiting development within the immediately adjacent approach areas (commonly known as the ‘red zones’) to reduce the slight risk to persons on the ground and the increased risk to occupants of an aircraft in the event of the aircraft accidentally touching down outside the aerodrome boundary while taking off or approaching to land, except whereby development could not reasonably expect to increase the number of people working or congregating in or at the property (This may include development such as the extension of an existing dwelling or a change of building use.)

b) By applying height restrictions to development in the environs of the Aerodrome.

c) By eliminating potential sources of interference with the operation of electronic navigation aids.

d) By obviating possible hazards to aircraft through the generation of smoke, dust or fumes which may reduce visibility. e) By controlling and assessing the locations of any activities which may be an attraction to birds.

South Dublin County Council 251 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

f) By limiting the extent, height and type of external lighting to avoid confusing pilots in the interpretation of aeronautical lights or cause dazzle or glare.

The extent of the restriction necessary in any particular instance depends on its purpose. In some cases, more than one purpose may have to be served in which case a combination of the restrictions to satisfy all the purposes to be served will be necessary. IE8 Objective 5: Within the Department of B1 B2 B3 S3 W1 W2 B3 L1 CH1 CH2 Defence Inner Zone (delineated on Development Plan W3 HH1 C1 C2 HH1 Index Map), in addition to the Obstacle Limitation Surfaces for the Aerodrome, no buildings or structures exceeding 20m in height above ground level should be permitted except where specifically agreed following consultation with the Department of Defence that the proposed development will not affect the safety, efficiency or regularity of operations at the aerodrome.. IE8 Objective 6: To limit residential development B1 B2 B3 S3 W1 W2 B3 L1 CH1 CH2 and other land uses impacted by noise, such as nursing W3 HH1 C1 C2 HH1 homes, schools, hospitals, and conference centres within the Noise Significant Area Boundary delineated for Casement Aerodrome, subject to an appropriate noise assessment and mitigation measures to protect residential amenity.

Increased civilian operations at Baldonnell, may lead to the establishment of ancillary land uses and activities to service the Aerodrome. This may have a negative visual and habitat effects on lands around the aerodrome, which lie outside of the noise restricted areas (SEO B3-L1). In addition, development at the Aerodrome which leads to greater flight numbers may have a negative noise effect on adjacent land uses (SEO HH1).

South Dublin County Council 252 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Infrastructure and Environmental Quality Policy 9 – Weston Aerodrome It is the policy of the Council to have regard to the advice of B3 L1 W3 the statutory bodies responsible for the control and safety of operations at Weston Aerodrome, to prevent encroachment of development around the Aerodrome which may interfere with its safe operation, in the context of the proper planning and sustainable development of the area and the protection of amenities. IE9 Objective 1: To ensure the safety of air traffic, present and future, en route to and from Weston Aerodrome B3 L1 W3 with full regard for the safety of persons on the ground as well as the necessity for causing the least possible inconvenience to local communities.

IE9 Objective 2: To maintain the airspace around the B3 L1 W3 aerodrome free from obstacles so as to facilitate aircraft operations to be conducted safely, including restricting development in the environs of the aerodrome.

The airspace is defined by the Obstacle Limitations Surfaces, prepared and mapped on the Development Plan map in accordance with the ICAO Standards and the Irish Aviation Authority ‘Guidance Material on Aerodrome Annex 14 Surfaces (2015)’.

IE9 Objective 3: To prohibit and restrict B3 L1 W3 development in the environs of Weston Aerodrome in the following ways: a). By prohibiting development within the immediately adjacent approach areas to reduce the slight

South Dublin County Council 253 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

risk to persons on the ground and the increased risk to occupants of an aircraft in the event of the aircraft accidentally touching down outside the aerodrome boundary while taking off or approaching to land, except whereby development could not reasonably expect to increase the number of people working or congregating in or at the property (this may include development such as the extension of an existing dwelling or a change of building use). b). By applying height restrictions to development in the environs of the Aerodrome. c). By eliminating potential sources of interference with the operation of electronic navigation aids. d). By obviating possible hazards to aircraft through the generation of smoke, dust or fumes which may reduce visibility. e). By controlling and assessing the locations of any activities which may be an attraction to birds. f). By limiting the extent, height and type of external lighting to avoid confusing pilots in the interpretation of aeronautical lights or cause dazzle or glare.

The extent of the restriction necessary in any particular instance depends on its purpose. In some cases, more than one purpose may have to be served in which case a combination of the restrictions to satisfy all the purposes to be served will be necessary.

IE9 Objective 4: To limit residential development B3 L1 W3 and other land uses impacted by noise, such as nursing homes, schools, hospitals, and conference centres within the Noise Significant Area Boundary delineated for Weston

South Dublin County Council 254 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Aerodrome, subject to an appropriate noise assessment and mitigation measures to protect residential amenity.

IE9 Objective 5: To restrict any further effective B3 L1 W3 lengthening of the operational runway or over-run areas;

IE9 Objective 6: To facilitate the development of B3 L1 W3 ancillary uses at the aerodrome within its existing setting and consolidate aviation operations. Furthermore, the Council shall, with six months of adoption of this plan, facilitate a further public consultation and review of the land-use planning framework governing the future development and operation of Weston Aerodrome with reference to changing European safety requirements, economic development opportunities for our County and the impact on neighbouring residential communities..

These policies and objectives may lead to the de facto retention of biodiversity networks, hedgerows and treelines due to restrictions on intensive development. Infrastructure and Environmental Quality Policy 10 – Dublin Airport It is the policy of the Council to refer planning applications for development within the outer safeguarding boundary of No impact on Dublin Airport to the airport licensee and to have regard to SEOs the requirements of the Licensee in the assessment of development proposals. (see also Chapter 11.0 Implementation) No comment

South Dublin County Council 255 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Chapter 8 Green Infrastructure Likely to Probable Potential Uncertain Neutral No Likely Improve Conflict Conflict interaction Interaction interaction status of with status with status with status with status of with status of SEOs of SEOs- of SEOs- of SEOs SEOs SEOs Unlikely to likely to be be mitigated mitigated

Overarching Aim

Green Infrastructure (G) Policy 1 – Overarching

Policy G1 It is the policy of the Council to protect, enhance and further B1 B2 B3 develop a multifunctional Green Infrastructure network, W1 W2 L1 building an interconnected network of parks, open spaces, hedgerows, grasslands, protected areas, and rivers and streams to provide a shared space for amenity and recreation, biodiversity protection, flood management and adaption to climate change.

G1 Objective 1: To establish a coherent, integrated and B1 B2 B3 evolving Green Infrastructure network across South Dublin W1 W2 L1 County with parks, open spaces, hedgerows, grasslands, protected areas, and rivers and streams forming the strategic links and to integrate the objectives of the Green Infrastructure Strategy throughout all relevant Council plans, such as Local Area Plans and other approved plans.

South Dublin County Council 256 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

G1 Objective 2: To prepare a South Dublin County Green B1 B2 B3 Infrastructure Strategy during the lifetime of this plan that will W1 W2 L1 form the basis for the identification, protection, enhancement and management of the Green Infrastructure Network within the County.

Retention of onsite landscape and biodiversity features will allow for effective operation of wildlife movements and habitat use and retention of existing streams within the area (SEO B1 B2 B3 W1-W2). The incorporation of the hedgerows and steams into a network of parks will enhance and protect the landscape (SEO L1)

Green Infrastructure (G) Policy 2 – Green Infrastructure Network

Policy G2 It is the policy of the Council to promote and develop a B1 B2 B3 coherent, integrated and evolving Green Infrastructure W1 W2 L1 network in South Dublin County that can connect to the regional network, secure and enhance biodiversity, provide readily accessible parks, open spaces and recreational facilities.

G2 Objective 1: To reduce fragmentation of the Green Infrastructure network and strengthen ecological links B1 B2 B3 between urban areas, Natura 2000 sites, proposed Natural W1 W2 L1 Heritage Areas, parks and open spaces and the wider regional Green Infrastructure network.

G2 Objective 2: To protect and enhance the biodiversity value B1 B2 B3 and ecological function of the Green Infrastructure network W1 W2 L1

South Dublin County Council 257 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

GI2 Objective 3: To restrict development that would fragment B1 B2 B3 or prejudice the Green Infrastructure network. W1 W2 L1

GI2 Objective 4: To repair habitat fragmentation and provide B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 for regeneration of flora and fauna where weaknesses are L1 identified in the network.

GI2 Objective 5: To integrate Green Infrastructure as an B1 B2 B3 essential component of all new developments. W1 W2 L1

GI2 Objective 6: To protect and enhance the County’s B1 B2 B3 hedgerow network, in particular hedgerows that form W1 W2 L1 townland, parish and barony boundaries, and increase hedgerow coverage using locally native species.

GI2 Objective 7: To incorporate items of historical or heritage B1 B2 B3 importance in situ within the Green Infrastructure network as W1 W2 L1 amenity features. GI2 Objective 8: To provide for the incorporation of Eco-ducts B1 B2 B3 and / or Green Bridges at ecologically sensitive locations on W1 W2 L1 the County’s road and rail corridors that will facilitate the free movement of people and species through the urban and rural environment. GI2 Objective 9: To preserve, protect and augment trees, groups of trees, woodlands, hedgerows within the County by B1 B2 B3 increasing tree canopy coverage using locally native species W1 W2 L1 and by incorporating them within design proposals and supporting their integration into the Green Infrastructure network.

South Dublin County Council 258 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

GI2 Objective 10: To promote a network of paths and cycle HH1 C1 C2 tracks to enhance accessibility to the Green Infrastructure network ensuring the design and operation of the routes respond to the ecological needs of each site.

G2 Objective 11: To incorporate appropriate elements of Green Infrastructure B1 B2 B3 e.g. new tree planting, grass verges, planters etc. into existing W1 W2 L1 areas of hard infrastructure wherever possible, thereby integrating these areas of existing urban environment into the overall Green Infrastructure network. G2 Objective 12: To seek to control and manage non-native invasive species B1 B2 B3 W1 W3 and to develop strategies with relevant stakeholders to assist in the control of these species throughout the County

G2 Objective 13: To seek to prevent the loss of woodlands, hedgerows, aquatic B1 B2 B3 W1 W3 CH1 CH2 L1 habitats and wetlands wherever possible including requiring a programme to monitor and restrict the spread of invasive species such as those located along the River Dodder. Retention of onsite landscape and biodiversity features will allow for effective operation of wildlife movements and habitat use and retention of existing streams within the area (SEO B1 B2 B3 W1 W2). The incorporation of the hedgerows and steams into a network of parks will enhance and protect the landscape (SEO L1), This will facilitate more sustainable development and encourage walking/cycling based movement patterns (SEO HH1 C1 C2).

Watercourses Network Objectives

G3 Objective 1: To promote the natural, historical and B1 B2 B3 amenity value of the County’s watercourses and address the W1 W2 L1 long term management and protection of these corridors in the South Dublin Green Infrastructure Strategy.

South Dublin County Council 259 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

G3 Objective 3: To maintain a biodiversity protection zone of not less than 10 metres from the top of the bank of all B1 B2 B3 watercourses in the County, with the full extent of the W1 W2 L1 HH1 protection zone to be determined on a case by case basis by C1 C2 the Planning Authority, based on site specific characteristics and sensitivities. Strategic Green Routes and Trails identified in the South Dublin Tourism Strategy, 2015; the Greater Dublin Area Strategic Cycle Network; and other government plans or programmes will be open for consideration within the biodiversity protection zone, subject to appropriate safeguards and assessments, as these routes increase the accessibility of the Green Infrastructure network.

G3 Objective 3: To ensure the protection, improvement or B1 B2 B3 restoration of riverine floodplains and to promote strategic W1 W2 L1 measures to accommodate flooding at appropriate locations, to protect ground and surface water quality and build resilience to climate change.

G3 Objective 4: To uncover existing culverts and restore the B1 B2 B3 watercourse, to acceptable ecological standards and for the W1 W2 L1 passage of fish, where possible. B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 L1

South Dublin County Council 260 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

G3 Objective 5: To restrict the encroachment of development on watercourses, and provide for protection measures to B1 B2 B3 watercourses and their banks, including but not limited to: the W1 W2 L1 prevention of pollution of the watercourse, the protection of B1 B2 B3 the river bank from erosion, the retention and/or provision of W1 W2 L1 wildlife corridors and the protection from light spill in sensitive locations, during construction of permitted development.

Provision of a linked green network will allow for the protection of protected habitats, their supporting resources and the creation of habitat networks. Such networks can also allow for the protection of rivers and surface waters through riparian zones and buffers from development, and can include areas known to have archaeological potential. Establishment of such networks does not have to depend on development and may be proposed in rural areas. Green routes may allow for a reduction in emissions and car dependence where facilities such as cycle routes are accommodated (SEO HH1 C1 C2). Green Infrastructure (GI) Policy 4 – Public Open Space and Landscape Setting

Policy G4 It is the policy of the Council to provide a hierarchy of high B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 quality and multi-functional public parks and open spaces. W3 L1 B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 W3 L1 G4 Objective 1: To support and facilitate the provision of a network of high quality, well located and multifunctional B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 public parks and open space throughout the County and to W3 L1 protect and enhance the environmental capacity and ecological function of these spaces.

South Dublin County Council 261 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

G4 Objective 2: To connect parks and areas of open space B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 with ecological and recreational corridors to aid the W3 L1 movement of biodiversity and people and to strengthen the overall Green Infrastructure network. G4 Objective 3: To enhance and diversify the outdoor B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 recreational potential of public open spaces and parks, subject W3 L1 to the protection of the natural environment.

G4 Objective 4: To minimise the environmental B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 impact of external lighting at sensitive locations within the W3 L1 Green Infrastructure network to achieve a sustainable balance between the recreational needs of an area, the safety of walking and cycling routes and the protection of light sensitive species such as bats..

G4 Objective 5: To promote the planting of woodlands, B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 forestry, community gardens, allotments and parkland W3 L1 meadows within the County’s open spaces and parks. G4 Objective 6: To take steps, in conjunction with B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 communities and businesses, to plant existing areas of grassed W3 L1 open space to become multifunctional amenity areas with enhanced biodiversity value.

G4 Objective 7: To avoid the cumulative B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 fragmentation and loss of ecologically sensitive areas of the W3 L1 Green Infrastructure network to artificial surfaces and to position recreational facilities that incorporate artificial surfaces at appropriate community-based locations.

South Dublin County Council 262 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

G4 SLO 1: To facilitate the provision of an apiary colony within B1 B2 B3 Waterstown Park, Palmerstown subject to appropriate location and design and regard to public amenity

The provision of a green infrastructure network will allow for effective operation of wildlife movements and habitat use and retention of existing streams within the area (SEO B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 W3) Green Infrastructure (GI) Policy 5 –Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems

Policy G5 It is the policy of the Council to promote and support the W1 W2 W3 B1 development of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) B2 B3 L1 in the County and to maximise the amenity and biodiversity value of these systems.

G5 Objective 1: To promote and support the development of W1 W2 W3 B1 Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) at a local, district B2 B3 L1 and county level and to maximise the amenity and bio- diversity value of these systems.

G5 Objective 2: To promote the provision of Green Roofs and W1 W2 W3 B1 / or Living Walls in developments where expansive roofs are B2 B3 L1 proposed such as industrial, retail and civic developments

The objectives will help contain contamination of the groundwater and will lessen the potential likelihood of flood risk (SEO W1 W2W3). The establishment of SuDS areas will eventually lead to improvement of biodiversity and will also form a valuable part of the Green Infrastructure network for then County (SEO B1 B2 B3). The provision of a green infrastructure network incorporating SUDS elements will allow for effective operation of wildlife movements and habitat use and retention of existing streams within the County

South Dublin County Council 263 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Green Infrastructure (GI) Policy 6 – New Development in Urban Areas

Policy 6 It is the policy of the Council to support the W1 W2 W3 B1 protection and enhancement of Green Infrastructure in all new B2 B3 L1 development in urban areas, to strengthen linkage across the wider urban network and to achieve the highest standards of living and working environments.

G6 Objective 1: To protect and enhance existing ecological W1 W2 W3 B1 features including tree stands, woodlands, hedgerows and B2 B3 L1 watercourses in all new developments as an essential part of the design process.

G6 Objective 2: To require new development to provide links W1 W2 W3 B1 into the wider Green Infrastructure network, in particular B2 B3 L1 where similar features exist on adjoining sites.

G6 Objective 3: To require multifunctional open space W1 W2 W3 B1 provision within all new developments that includes provision B2 B3 L1 for ecology and sustainable water management.

The provision of a green infrastructure network will allow for effective operation of wildlife movements and habitat use and retention of existing streams within the area (SEO B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 W3). Enhancing existing ecological features and retaining open space will also help preserve the landscape character of the area (SEO L1)

South Dublin County Council 264 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Chapter 9 Heritage, Conservation and Landscapes

Likely to Probable Potential Uncertain Neutral No Likely Improve Conflict Conflict interaction Interaction interaction status of with status with status with status with status with status SEOs of SEOs- of SEOs- of SEOs of SEOs of SEOs Unlikely to be likely to be mitigated mitigated

Heritage, Conservation and Landscapes (HCL) Policy 1 Overarching It is the policy of the Council to protect conserve and CH1 HH2 M1 M2 enhance natural, built and cultural heritage features, and to S1 L1 B1 B2 support the objectives and actions of the County Heritage B3 W1 W2 Plan W3

HCL 1 Objective 1: To protect, conserve and enhance CH1 CH2 natural, built and cultural heritage features and restrict S1 L1 B1 B2 development that would have a significant negative impact B3 W1 W2 on these assets. W3

HCL1 Objective 2: To support the objectives and B1 B2 B3 W1 C1 C2 actions of the County Heritage Plan, including the W2 W3 CH1 preparation of a County Biodiversity Plan. CH2

A Biodiversity Plan and Heritage Plan should have mostly positive effects. (SEO C1 C2) Designation of particular lands as being of biodiversity interest, may indirectly result in displacement of development to less well located lands. Potential conflict with biodiversity issues could be ameliorated through careful design proposals, where feasible.

South Dublin County Council 265 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Policies/Objectives

Heritage, Conservation and Landscapes (HCL) Policy 2 Archaeological Heritage

It is the policy of the Council to manage development in a CH1 CH2 manner that protects and conserves the Archaeological L1 B1 B2 B3 S1 Heritage of the County and avoids adverse impacts on sites, W1 W2 W3 monuments, features or objects of significant historical or archaeological interest.

HCL 2 Objective 1: To favour the preservation in-situ of S1 all sites, monuments and features of significant historical or CH1 CH2 archaeological interest in accordance with the L1 B1 B2 B3 recommendations of the Framework and Principles for the W1 W2 W3 Protection of Archaeological Heritage (1999) or any superseding national policy document.

HCL 2 Objective 2: To ensure that development is CH1 CH2 S1 designed to avoid impacting on archaeological heritage that L1 B3 is of significant interest including previously unknown sites, features and objects.

HCL 2 Objective 3: To protect and enhance sites listed S1 in the Record of Monuments and Places (RMP) and ensure CH1 CH2 that development in the vicinity of a Recorded Monument or L1 B3 Area of Archaeological Potential does not detract from the setting of the site, monument, feature or object and is sited and designed appropriately.

South Dublin County Council 266 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

HCL 2 Objective 4: To protect and preserve the CH1 CH2 S1 archaeological value of underwater archaeological sites L1 B3 including associated features and any discovered battlefield sites of significant archaeological potential within the County.

HCL 2 Objective 5: To protect historical burial grounds CH1 CH2 S1 within South Dublin County and encourage their B3 maintenance in accordance with conservation principles. (SEO S1) Potential exists for conflict between protected structures, monuments and archaeological sites located on brownfield sites and the general objective for densification of Brownfield lands. Retention of sites generally allows for the soil resource to be maintained, however, issues regarding quarrying, and the impact of this activity on heritage resources is generally negative. (SEO M1 M2) The provision of piped services to serve new development may interact negatively with underground archaeology. SEO W1/W2/W3 will be improved through the retention of the curtilages areas of protected structures and through restrictions on development on or near monuments and archaeological sites, which are usually Greenfield or have a low plot coverage. Heritage, Conservation and Landscapes (HCL) Policy 3 Protected Structures It is the policy of the Council to conserve and protect CH1 buildings, structures and sites contained in the Record of CH2 S1 Protected Structures and to carefully consider any proposals C1 C2 for development that would affect the special character or appearance of a Protected Structure including its historic curtilage, both directly and indirectly.

HCL 3 Objective 1: To ensure the protection of all structures (or parts of structures) and the immediate CH2 S1 CH1 surroundings including the curtilage and attendant grounds C1 C2 of structures contained in the Record of Protected Structures.

South Dublin County Council 267 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

HCL 3 Objective 2: To ensure that development proposals that affect a Protected Structure and its setting CH2 S1 CH1 including proposals to extend, alter or refurbish any C1 C2 Protected Structure are sympathetic to its special character and integrity and are appropriate in terms of architectural treatment, character, scale and form. All such proposals shall be consistent with the Architectural Heritage Guidelines for Planning Authorities, DAHG, (2011) including the principles of conservation.

HCL 3 Objective 3: To address dereliction and CH2 S1 CH1 encourage the rehabilitation, renovation, appropriate use C1 C2 and re-use of Protected Structures.

HCL 3 Objective 4: To prevent demolition and CH2 S1 CH1 inappropriate alteration of Protected Structures. C1 C2

HCL 3 SLO 1: To support and facilitate the refurbishment CH2 S1 C1 of the Metal Bridge in Palmerstown (RPS Ref 006). C2

HCL 3 SLO 2: To support and facilitate the refurbishment CH2 S1 C1 of the Ballymount Complex Gatehouse in Ballymount Park C2 (RPS Ref. 175) and its inclusion as part of a heritage trail.

CH2 S1 C1 HCL 3 SLO 3: To secure the preservation of Windmill Hill, C2 Rathcoole (RPS Ref. 358).

South Dublin County Council 268 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Potential conflict with archaeological policies, should extensive redevelopment be part of any proposal (SEO CH1). The majority of protected and older buildings are located in clusters within historic village and town centres in the county. The viability and attractiveness of these centres depends on the continued use of older buildings. Attractiveness and viability of such centres, along with the public transport usually linking such centres to their hinterland can significantly reduce car movements and emissions (SEO C1 and C2) Heritage, Conservation and Landscapes (HCL) Policy 4 Architectural Conservation Areas CH1 CH2 It is the policy of the Council to preserve and enhance the HH1 C1 C2 S1 historic character and visual setting of Architectural Conservation Areas and to carefully consider any proposals for development that would affect the special value of such areas.

HCL 4 Objective 1: To avoid the removal of structures CH1 CH2 S1 and distinctive features that positively contribute to the HH1 C1 C2 character of Architectural Conservation Areas including buildings, building features, shopfronts, boundary treatments, street furniture, landscaping and paving.

HCL 4 Objective 2: To ensure that new development, S1 including infill development, extensions and renovation works within or adjacent to an Architectural Conservation CH1 CH2 S1 Area (ACA) preserves or enhances the special character and HH1 C1 C2 visual setting of the ACA including vistas, streetscapes and roofscapes.

HCL 4 Objective 3: To address dereliction and promote CH1 CH2 S1 appropriate and sensitive reuse and rehabilitation of HH1 C1 C2 buildings, building features and sites within Architectural Conservation Areas.

South Dublin County Council 269 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

HCL 4 Objective 4: To reduce and prevent visual and S1 urban clutter within each Architectural Conservation Areas CH1 CH2 including, where appropriate, traffic management structures, HH1 C1 C2 utility structures and all signage.

HCL 4 Objective 5: To support public realm S1 improvements proposed within Architectural Conservation CH1 CH2 Areas under South Dublin County Council’s Villages Initiative HH1 C1 C2 subject to compliance with the Architectural Heritage Protection Guidelines for Planning Authorities (2011).

HCL 4 SLO 1: To secure the preservation and S1 enhancement of the Palmerstown Lower (Mill Complex) ACA, CH1 CH2 to actively promote the restoration of industrial heritage HH1 C1 C2 including the former mills, mill races and other buildings on Mill Lane and to explore their use for residential, tourism/outdoor recreation and/or commercial purposes. Potential exists for conflict between protected structures, monuments and archaeological sites located on brownfield sites and the general objective for densification of Brownfield land (SEO S1). (SEO CH1) Potential conflict with archaeological policies, should extensive redevelopment be part of any proposal. The majority of protected and older buildings are located in clusters within historic village and town centres in the county. The viability and attractiveness of these centres depends on the continued use of older buildings. Attractiveness and viability of such centres, along with the public transport usually linking such centres to their hinterland can significantly reduce car movements and emissions, (SEO HH1 C1 C2)

Heritage, Conservation and Landscapes (HCL) Policy 5 Older Buildings, Estates and Streetscapes It is the policy of the Council to encourage the preservation of older features, buildings, and groups of structures that are CH2 S1 CH1 of historic character including 19th century and early to C1 C2 HH1 mid20th Century houses, housing estates and streetscapes.

South Dublin County Council 270 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

HCL 5 Objective 1: To retain existing houses that, while CH2 S1 C1 CH1 not listed as Protected Structures, are considered to C2 HH1 contribute to historic character, local character, visual setting, rural amenity or streetscape value within the County.

HCL 5 Objective 2: To ensure that the redevelopment CH2 S1 C1 CH1 of older buildings, including extensions and renovation C2 HH1 works do not compromise or erode the architectural interest, character or visual setting of such buildings including surrounding housing estates or streetscapes.

HCL 5 Objective 3: To encourage the retention, CH2 S1 C1 rehabilitation, renovation and re-use of older buildings and C2 HH1 CH1 their original features where such buildings and features contribute to the visual setting, collective interest or character of the surrounding area.

HCL 5 Objective 4: To ensure that infill development is CH2 S1 C1 CH1 sympathetic to the architectural interest, character and visual C2 HH1 amenity of the area

Potential conflict with archaeological policies, should extensive redevelopment be part of any proposal (SEO CH1). The majority of protected and older buildings are located in clusters within historic village and town centres in the county. The viability and attractiveness of these centres depends on the continued use of older buildings. Attractiveness and viability of such centres, along with the public transport usually linking such centres to their hinterland can significantly reduce car movements and emissions, (SEO HH1 C1 and C2)

South Dublin County Council 271 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Heritage, Conservation and Landscapes (HCL) Policy 6 Features of Interest It is the policy of the Council to secure the identification, CH2 B3 protection and conservation of historic items and features of L1 S1 interest throughout the County including street furniture, surface finishes, roadside installations, items of industrial heritage and other standalone features of interest.

HCL 6 Objective 1: To ensure that development within the CH2 B3 County including Council development seeks to identify, L1 S1 retain, refurbish and incorporate historic items and features of interest.

HCL 6 Objective 2: CH2 B3 L1 To protect, preserve and maintain industrial heritage S1

features including weirs, millraces, and mills along the River Dodder and River Liffey.

Protection of various features may afford additional de-facto protection to the overall landscapes/biodiversity networks in which the features are located Heritage, Conservation and Landscapes (HCL) Policy 7 Landscapes B1 B2 B3 S1 It is the policy of the Council to preserve and enhance the M1 M2 L1 C1 character of the County’s landscapes particularly areas that C2 W1 CH1 have been deemed to have a medium to high landscape CH2 W2 W3 value or medium to high landscape sensitivity and to ensure that landscape considerations are an important factor in the management of development.

South Dublin County Council 272 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

HCL 7 Objective 1: To protect and enhance the B1 B2 B3 S1 landscape character of the County by ensuring that M1 M2 L1 C1 development retains, protects and where necessary C2 W1 CH1 enhances the appearance and character of the landscape, CH2 W2 W3 and taking full cognisance of the Landscape Character Assessment of South Dublin County (2015).

HCL 7 Objective 2: To ensure that development is assessed against Landscape Character, Landscape Values B1 B2 B3 S1 and Landscape Sensitivity as identified in the LCA for South M1 M2 L1 C1 Dublin County (2015) in accordance with Government or C2 W1 CH1 Ministerial guidance on Landscape Character Assessment CH2 W2 W3 and the National Landscape Strategy. (SEO B1 B2 B3 S1 M1 M2 L1 C1 C2 W1 CH1 CH2 W2 W3) Preservation of Landscape Character will provide for the retention of some of the most sensitive and culturally important landscapes in the county. This may lead to development taking place on Greenfield sites in less sensitive landscape, which may have an effect on green networks, including rivers and riparian zones, however careful amelioration and retention of networks should retain the most important networks, while the requirements of the WFD will provide protection for streams and rivers and riparian areas. Heritage, Conservation and Landscapes (HCL) Policy 8 Views and Prospects It is the policy of the Council to preserve Views and Prospects B1 B2 B3 S1 and the amenities of places and features of natural beauty or W1 C2 M1 interest including those located within and outside the M2 L1 CH1 County. CH2

HCL 8 Objective 1: To protect and preserve Views and B1 B2 B3 S1 Prospects of special amenity, historic or cultural value or W1 C2 M1 interest including rural, river valley, mountain, hill, coastal, M2 L1 CH1 upland and urban views and prospects particularly those that CH2 are visible from prominent public places.

South Dublin County Council 273 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

HCL 8 SLO 1: To seek to develop the area at the top of B1 B2 B3 S1 Esker Hill as a viewing location for views over Lucan Village W1 C2 M1 and the Liffey Valley. M2 L1 CH1 CH2

HCL 8 SLO2: To facilitate provision of both a viewing area B1 B2 B3 S1 and more attractive backdrop to St. Johns Bridge in Griffeen W1 C2 M1 Valley Park M2 L1 CH1 CH2

Many of the viewing points worthy of restriction relate to areas in the Dublin Mountains and Uplands. These viewing points act as further restrictions to development in those areas and act as an additional layer of preservation of the landscapes and associated heritage and biodiversity designations. (SEO B1 B2 B3 S1 W1 W2 W3 M1 M2 CH1 L1) Heritage, Conservation and Landscapes (HCL) Policy 9 Dublin Mountains

It is the policy of the Council to protect and enhance the B1 B2 B3 visual, recreational, environmental, ecological, geological, HH1 W1 W2 and archaeological and amenity value of the Dublin W3 CH1 CH2 Mountains, as a key element of the County’s Green L1 C1 C2 Infrastructure network.

HCL 9 Objective 1: B1 B2 B3 To restrict development within areas designated with Zoning HH1 W1 W2 Objective ‘HA – DM’ (‘To protect and enhance the W3 CH1 CH2 outstanding natural character of the Dublin Mountains Area’) L1 C1 C2 and to ensure that new development is related to the area’s amenity potential or to its use for agriculture, mountain or hill farming and is designed and sited to minimise environmental and visual impacts.

South Dublin County Council 274 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

HCL 9 Objective 2: To ensure that development above B1 B2 B3 W1 the 350 metre contour in the Dublin Mountains will seek to W2 W3 CH1 protect the open natural character of mountain heath, CH2 L1 gorselands and mountain bogs.

HCL 9 Objective 3: To ensure that development within B1 B2 B3 W1 the Dublin Mountains will not prejudice the future expansion W2 W3 CH1 and development of a National Park, the County’s Green CH2 L1 Infrastructure Network and local and regional networks of walking and cycling routes.

HCL 9 Objective 4: To ensure that development W1 W2 W3 proposals within the Dublin Mountains maximise the B1 B2 B3 S1 opportunities for enhancement of existing ecological and M1 M2 CH1 geological features and archaeological landscapes. L1

HCL 9 Objective 5: To support the re-routing of the B1 B2 B3 S1 Dublin Mountains Way from public roads and to improve W1 W2 W3 access to publicly owned lands in the upland area. M1 M2 CH1 L1

HCL 9 Objective 6: To protect the rural environment of B1 B2 B3 L1 the Slade Valley (Saggart and Crooksling pNHA) from inappropriate development.

HCL 9 Objective 7: To enhance and protect our rural B1 B2 B3 L1 traditions by preserving traditional common grazing grounds in Bohernabreena and to encourage the grazing of such areas by local farmers, which would include the

South Dublin County Council 275 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

provision of cattle grids on the roads leading down from the commonage

(SEO B1 B2 B3 S1 W1 W2 W3 M1 M2 CH1 L1) Provision of green infrastructure links will allow for the protection of protected habitats, their supporting resources and the creation of habitat networks. Such networks can also allow for the protection of rivers and surface waters through riparian zones and buffers from development, and can include areas known to have archaeological potential. Such networks will allow for de facto soil protection. Establishment of such networks does not have to depend on development and may be proposed in rural areas. (SEO C1 C2) Green infrastructure may allow for a reduction in emissions and car dependence where facilities such as cycle routes are accommodated.

Heritage, Conservation and Landscapes (HCL) Policy 10 Liffey Valley and Dodder Valley It is the policy of the Council to protect and enhance the B1 B2 B3 L1 visual, recreational, environmental, ecological, geological and amenity value of the Liffey Valley and Dodder Valley, as key elements of the County’s Green Infrastructure network.

HCL 10 Objective 1: To restrict development within areas designated with Zoning Objective ‘HA – LV’ (‘To protect and enhance the outstanding character and amenity of the Liffey Valley’) and ‘HA – DV’ (‘To protect and enhance the B1 B2 B3 L1 outstanding character and amenity of the Dodder Valley’) and ensure that new development is related to the area’s amenity potential and is designed and sited to minimise environmental and visual impacts.

HCL 10 Objective 2: To ensure that development within the Dodder Valley and Liffey Valley will not prejudice the future creation and development of uninterrupted and B1 B2 B3 L1 coherent parklands including local and regional networks of walking and cycling routes.

HCL 10 Objective 3: To ensure that development B1 B2 B3 L1 proposals within the Liffey Valley and Dodder Valley, HH1 C1 C2 including local and regional networks of walking and cycling

South Dublin County Council 276 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

routes, maximise the opportunities for enhancement of existing ecological features and protects and incorporates high value natural heritage features including watercourses, wetlands, grasslands, woodlands, mature trees, hedgerows and ditches, as part of the County’s Green Infrastructure network. HCL 10 Objective 4: To facilitate and support the development of the Liffey Valley (Zoning Objective ‘HA – LV’) as an interconnected greenway and park in collaboration with Dublin City Council, Fingal County Council, Kildare HH1 C1 C2 County Council, the OPW, existing landowners and B1 B2 B3 community groups (including the Liffey Valley Park Alliance) L1 CH1 to include for the identification and designation of possible future new pedestrian routes and footbridge locations in accordance with Towards a Liffey Valley Park (2007) or any superseding plan. Universal accessibility for all should be promoted where environmental and built heritage sensitivities are not negatively impacted upon

HCL 10 Objective 5: To facilitate the development of Council-owned lands at Cooldrinagh and the Hermitage Clinic as publicly-accessible parkland and Green B1 B2 B3 L1 Infrastructure links.

South Dublin County Council 277 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

HCL 10 Objective 6: To recognise the key role the Dodder River plays in the County’s Green Infrastructure network by facilitating and supporting the continued B1 B2 B3 L1 development of the Dodder Valley (Zoning Objective ‘HA – DV’) as a linear park, greenway and an area of special amenity, recreational, heritage, geology, biodiversity and conservation value to include for the completion of the Dodder Green Route along the full length of the Dodder River.

HCL 10 Objective 7: Within areas designated ‘High Amenity – Liffey Valley’ and ‘High Amenity – Dodder Valley’ non-residential development will only be permitted where it: B1 B2 B3  Relates to the area’s amenity potential or to its use for agriculture or recreational purposes, including recreational buildings; or  Comprises the redevelopment of or extensions to existing commercial or civic uses or development of new commercial or civic uses within an existing established area of commercial or civic activity; and  Preserves the amenity value of the river valley including its landscape value, views or vistas of

South Dublin County Council 278 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

the river valley and its biodiversity value.

HCL 10 Objective 8: To work in collaboration with the HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 owners of lands at St. Edmundsbury, Lucan to seek to provide appropriate public access to these lands in the Liffey Valley.

HCL 10 Objective 9: To support and facilitate the B1 B2 B3 development of an interpretive/visitor centre within the L1 HH1 C1 Liffey Valley utilising existing buildings. C2 HCL 10 Objective 10: To promote and support the B1 B2 B3 development of a tourist amenity and L1 HH1 C1 educational/interpretive centre, such as a working mill, C2 within the Dodder Valley.

HCL10 SLO 1: B3 L1 To facilitate the redevelopment and regeneration of the site of the former Tara Co-Op with a replacement development of a scale, design and layout appropriate to its prominent location in the Liffey Valley “HA-LV” and in proximity to the M4 and the Lucan/Leixlip urban areas. Any such development shall be subject to an environmental management plan in relation to remediation of any contaminated land and should not compromise the important geomorphic and archaeological heritage of the site, and adjacent sites. Additionally it should not compromise the vistas or landscape amenity or biodiversity of the Liffey Valley The policy/objectives will restrict development which impacts upon the Liffey and Dodder Valleys. This will maintain and improve the quality of such sites, in accordance with the requirements of the Habitats and Birds Directives and the Wildlife Acts. The use of the Green Infrastructure principle throughout will encourage the maintenance and improvement of existing habitat networks and incorporating existing streams and rivers (SEO B1 B2

South Dublin County Council 279 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

B3 W1). Encouraging the provision of routes for pedestrians and cyclists will facilitate cycling/pedestrian movements and allow for a reduction in emissions and car dependence, thereby improving human health (SEO HH1 C1 C2). Provision of such routes however may impact on existing habitats and networks and landscape character unless appropriate mitigation measures are adhered to. Extension or redevelopment to existing civic/commercial activities within these areas has potential to impact on existing habitats, networks and the landscape character of the area, unless adequate mitigation measures are adhered to. Regarding the development of an interpretive centre, this may impact on existing biodiversity networks, and the character of the landscape although its provision within existing buildings will serve to mitigate against this. The increase in visitors to the area however may result in increase in car based emissions unless suitable public transport is provided (SEO HH1 C1 C2)

SLO1: Any development should respect the character of the local landscape and site features in order to retain the green belt character. The lands are not particularly proximate to Lucan Village, and are closer to Leixlip. Development should not encourage increase in car based movements

Heritage, Conservation and Landscapes (HCL) Policy 11 Grand Canal It is the policy of the Council to promote the value of the Grand Canal as a key component of the County’s Green B1 B2 B3 L1 Infrastructure network and to protect and enhance the visual, recreational, environmental, ecological, industrial heritage and amenity value of the Grand Canal (pNHA) and its towpaths, adjacent wetlands and associated habitats.

HCL 11 Objective 1: To protect and enhance the B1 B2 B3 important biodiversity resource offered by the Grand Canal.

HCL 11 Objective 2: To facilitate the development of the Grand Canal as a recreational route for walking, cycling, HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 nature study and water based activities including fishing, canal boating, rowing and canoeing/kayaking, subject to appropriate environmental safeguards and assessments.

South Dublin County Council 280 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

HCL 11 Objective 3: To ensure that development along or adjacent to the Grand Canal contributes to the creation of an open and integrated network of walking and cycling HH1 C1 C2 routes that integrate with the Grand Canal Way Green Route. B1 B2 B3

HCL 11 Objective 4: To ensure that development along or adjacent to the Grand Canal protects, incorporates and enhances built and industrial heritage features, particularly CH1 CH2 historic canal and mill buildings, and also sets out to protect the setting of such built heritage features.

HCL 11 Objective 5: To ensure that development along and adjacent to the Grand Canal protects and incorporates high value natural heritage features including watercourses, B1 B2 B3 wetlands, grasslands, woodlands, mature trees, hedgerows and ditches and includes for an appropriate set-back distance or buffer area from the pNHA boundary to facilitate protected species such as bats, biodiversity, and a fully functioning Green Infrastructure network.

HCL 11 Objective 6: To enhance the industrial heritage CH1 CH2 and the recreational and amenity potential of the 12th Lock and pursue the protection and conservation of the rich natural, built and cultural heritage of the area including natural habitats and ecological resources along the Grand Canal and Griffeen River.

South Dublin County Council 281 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

HCL 11 Objective 7: To seek the extension of the Grand HH1 C1 C2 B1 B2 B3 Canal Way Green Route from the 12th Lock to Hazelhatch in partnership with Waterways Ireland and Kildare County Council. The policy/objectives will restrict development which impacts upon the Grand Canal, a proposed Natural Heritage Area. This will maintain and improve the quality of such sites, in accordance with the requirements of the Habitats and Birds Directives and the Wildlife Acts (SEO B1 B2 B3). Encouraging the provision of routes for pedestrians and cyclists will facilitate cycling/pedestrian movements and allow for a reduction in emissions and car dependence, thereby improving human health (SEO HH1 C1 C2). Provision of such routes however may impact on existing habitats and networks unless appropriate mitigation measures are adhered to.

Heritage, Conservation and Landscapes (HCL) Policy 12 Natura 2000 Sites It is the policy of the Council to support the conservation and B1 B2 B3 W1 improvement of Natura 2000 Sites and to protect the Natura W2 L1 M1 2000 network from any plans and projects that are likely to M2 have a significant effect on the coherence or integrity of a European Site or candidate European Site.

HCL 12 Objective 1: To prevent development that would B1 B2 B3 W1 adversely affect the integrity of any Natura 2000 located W2 L1 M1 within and immediately adjacent to the County and promote M2 favourable conservation status of habitats and protected species including those listed under the Birds Directive, the Wildlife Acts and the Habitats Directive.

HCL 12 Objective 2: To ensure that projects that give rise to significant direct, indirect or secondary impacts on Natura 2000 sites, either individually or in combination with B1 B2 B3 W1 other plans or projects, will not be permitted unless the W2 L1 M1 following is robustly demonstrated in accordance with Article M2 6(4) of the Habitats Directive and S.177AA of the Planning and Development Act (2000 – 2010) or any superseding legislation:

South Dublin County Council 282 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

1. There are no less damaging alternative solutions available; and 2. There are imperative reasons of overriding public interest (as defined in the Habitats Directive) requiring the project to proceed; and 3. Adequate compensatory measures have been identified that can be put in place. The policy/objectives will restrict development which impacts upon Natura 2000 sites. This will maintain and improve the quality of such sites, in accordance with the requirements of the Habitats and Birds Directives and the Wildlife Acts Heritage, Conservation and Landscapes (HCL) Policy 13 Natural Heritage Areas It is the policy of the Council to protect the ecological, visual, B1 B2 B3 L1 recreational, environmental and amenity value of the County’s proposed Natural Heritage Areas and associated habitats.

HCL 13 Objective 1: To ensure that any proposal for development within or adjacent to a proposed Natural Heritage Area (pNHA) is designed and sited to minimise its impact on the biodiversity, ecological, geological and B1 B2 B3 landscape value of the pNHA particularly plant and animal species listed under the Wildlife Acts and the Habitats and Birds Directive including their habitats.

HCL 13 Objective 2: To restrict development within a proposed Natural Heritage Area to development that is B1 B2 B3 L1 directly related to the area’s amenity potential subject to the protection and enhancement of natural heritage and visual amenities including biodiversity and landscape.

South Dublin County Council 283 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

The policy/objectives will restrict development which impacts upon Natural Heritage Areas. This will maintain and improve the quality of such sites, in accordance with the requirements of the Habitats and Birds Directives and the Wildlife Acts

Likely to Probable Potential Uncertain Neutral No Likely Improve Conflict Conflict interaction Interaction interaction status of with with with status with status with status of SEOs status status of of SEOs of SEOs SEOs of SEOs- SEOs- Unlikely to likely to be be mitigated mitigated

Heritage, Conservation and Landscapes (HCL) B1 W1 B2 B3 Policy 14 Liffey Valley SAAO W3 C1 It is the policy of the Council to implement the Liffey Valley Special C2 L1 Amenity Area Order (SAAO) and to seek to improve and extend the CH1 Liffey Valley Special Amenity Area and to promote its tourism CH2 potential.

(SEO B2-B3) The preservation and enhancement of the Liffey Valley will generally have an improved effect upon habitats in the area. Care and consideration should be given to ensuring that important supporting habitats could be included within any SAAO. Heritage, Conservation and Landscapes (HCL) Policy 15 Non-Designated Areas It is the policy of the Council to protect and promote the conservation B1 B2 of biodiversity outside of designated areas and to ensure that species B3 and habitats that are protected under the Wildlife Acts 1976 and 2000, the Birds Directive 1979 and the Habitats Directive 1992 are adequately protected

HCL 15 Objective 1: To ensure that development does not have a B1 B2 significant adverse impact on rare and threatened species, including B3

South Dublin County Council 284 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

those protected under the Wildlife Acts 1976 and 2000, the Birds Directive 1979 and the Habitats Directive 1992.

HCL 15 Objective 2: To ensure that, where evidence of species B1 B2 that are protected under the under the Wildlife Acts 1976 and 2000, B3 the Birds Directive 1979 and the Habitats Directive 1992 exists, appropriate avoidance and mitigation measures are incorporated into development proposals as part of any ecological impact assessment.

HCL15 Objective 3: To protect existing trees, hedgerows, and woodlands which are of B1 B2 amenity or biodiversity value and/or contribute to landscape B3 L1 character and ensure that proper provision is made for their protection and management in accordance with Living with Trees: South Dublin County Council’s Tree Management Policy 2015-2020.

The policy/objectives will restrict development which impacts upon non- designated sites. This will maintain and improve the quality of such sites, in accordance with the requirements of the Habitats and Birds Directives and the Wildlife Acts

Heritage, Conservation and Landscapes (HCL) Policy 16 Public Rights of Way and Permissive Access Routes It is the policy of the Council to continue to promote and improve B1 B2 B3 access to high amenity, scenic, and recreational lands throughout the L1 C1 C2 County, including places of natural beauty or utility, for the purposes HH1 of outdoor recreation while avoiding environmental damage, landscape damage and impacts to Natura 2000 sites.

South Dublin County Council 285 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

HCL 16 Objective 1: To promote the preservation of public rights of way that give access to mountain, lakeshore, riverbank or other CH1 CH2 places of natural beauty or recreational utility such as parklands, L1 B1 B2 geological and geomorphical features of heritage value and to B3 C1 C2 identify and map such public rights of way as they come to the HH1 attention of the Council.

HCL 16 Objective 2: CH1 CH2 To promote and facilitate the creation of Permissive Access Routes L1 B1 B2 and heritage trails in partnership with adjoining local authorities, B3 C1 C2 private landowners, semi-state and other public bodies that will HH1 provide access to high amenity, scenic and recreational lands including rural areas, forests, woodlands, waterways, upland/mountain areas, the Grand Canal, the Dodder Valley, the Liffey Valley and between historic villages (utilising modern technology) in partnership with adjoining local authorities, private landowners, semi-state and other public bodies such as Coillte and the Forest Service

South Dublin County Council 286 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

HCL 16 Objective 3: To promote and facilitate the continued CH1 CH2 development of the Dublin Mountains Way and the Wicklow Way in L1 B1 B2 association with the Dublin Mountains Partnership, particularly B3 C1 C2 Permissive Access Routes that provide access to regional and local HH1 networks of walking, running, hiking and mountain bike trails and other recreational features. The routing of new trails and rerouting of existing trails off public roads is encouraged. CH1 CH2 L1 B1 B2 HCL 16 Objective 4: To promote and improve access, in B3 C1 C2 partnership with the relevant landowners, to all the historic sites in the HH1 County and seek to maximise their tourism potential in partnership with the relevant landowners. The routing of new trails and rerouting of existing trails off public roads is encouraged. CH1 CH2 HCL 16 Objective 5: To bring mountain amenities closer to L1 B1 B2 residential communities by promoting the establishment of a network B3 C1 C2 of formal footpaths, off-road paths and cycle ways that facilitate HH1 casual walkers and cyclists.

Increasing access to the high amenity, scenic and recreational lands within the County may have negative impacts on existing habitat networks due to the increase of people accessing the areas and the provision of more formalised routes through these areas (SEO L1 B1B2B3). Any potential impacts are likely to be mitigated however. Providing greater access to the areas will improve quality of life and human health (SEO HH1); however to access some of these areas it may result in an increase in car based activity if alternate modes of transport are not provided, thereby increasing car based emissions (SEO C1 C2).

South Dublin County Council 287 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Heritage, Conservation and Landscapes (HCL) Policy 17 Tree Preservation Orders It is the policy of the Council to review the number of Tree B1 B2 Preservation Orders within the County and maintain the conservation B3 L1 value of trees and groups of trees that are the subject of a Tree Preservation Order.

HCL 17 Objective 1: To review the number of Tree Preservation Orders within the County and maintain the conservation value of trees B1 B2 and groups of trees that are the subject of any Tree Preservation B3 L1 Order.

Protection of the existing trees hedgerows and woodlands within the County will contribute to the preservation of ecological networks and benefit the overall Green Infrastructure network of the County. This objectives will also protect the landscape character of the County.

Heritage, Conservation and Landscapes (HCL) Policy 18 Cultural Heritage

It is the policy of the Council to promote the County’s cultural CH1 heritage. CH2

HCL 18 Objective 1: To work towards establishing an CH1 environment for promoting cross cultural understanding, racial CH2 harmony, mutual understanding and appreciation of all religious and ethic traditions through the County.

HCL 18 Objective 2: To promote the Irish Language and favour its use in the promotion of the Villages Initiative.

South Dublin County Council 288 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

HCL18 Objective 3: No To promote local heritage, the naming of any new residential impact development will reflect the local and historical context of its siting, on SEOs and should include the use of the Irish language. These objectives would have a positive impact on the cultural heritage of the County including the architectural/ architectural heritage.

Heritage, Conservation and Landscapes (HCL) Policy 19 Geological Sites It is the policy of the Council to maintain the conservation value and B1 B2 W2 seek the sustainable management of the County’s geological heritage B3 L1 resource.

HCL 19 Objective 1: To protect designated County Geological Sites from inappropriate development and to promote the B1 B2 W2 importance of such sites through the County’s Heritage Plan. B3 L1 Sites of geological interest have been provided by the Geological Survey of Ireland. (SEO B1 B2 B3) Preservation of such sites may provide for areas of habitat interest in the future as a secondary effect. (SEO W2) In the case of quarried geological sites, specifically those still in operation, habitat networks can be substantially eroded, although may re-establish upon cessation of activity. Mitigation would be needed in order to prevent run-off, pollution of groundwater or erosion

South Dublin County Council 289 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Chapter 10 Energy Likely to Probable Potential Uncertain Neutral No Likely Improve Conflict Conflict interaction Interaction interaction status of with status with status with status with status with status SEOs of SEOs- of SEOs- of SEOs of SEOs of SEOs Unlikely to likely to be be mitigated mitigated

Policies/Objectives

ENERGY (E) Policy 1 Responding to European and National Energy B1 B2 Policy & Legislation B3 HH1 It is the policy of the Council to respond to the European and National W1 W2 Energy Programme through the County Development Plan – with W3 policies and objectives that promote energy conservation, increased efficiency and the growth of locally based renewable energy alternatives, in an environmentally acceptable and sustainable manner.

Use of renewable energy will reduce usage of conventional fossil fuel generated energy, and through introduction of passive housing and increased insulation reduce energy usage overall, thus slowing the effects of climate change Energy (E) Policy 2 South Dublin Spatial Energy Demand Analysis It is the policy of the Council to implement the recommendations of the B1 B2 South Dublin Spatial Energy Demand Analysis in conjunction with all B3 HH1 relevant stakeholders, promoting energy efficiency and renewable W1 W2 energy measures across the County. W3

B1 B2 E2 Objective 1: To develop planning policies and objectives in relation B3 HH1 to energy planning on a spatial understanding of the existing and future W1 W2 energy demands of the County. W3

South Dublin County Council 290 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

E2 Objective 2: To seek to reduce reliance on fossil fuels in the County B1 B2 by reducing the energy demand of existing buildings, in particular B3 HH1 residential dwellings. W1 W2 W3

E2 Objective 3: To promote the generation and supply of low carbon and renewable energy alternatives, having regard to the opportunities B1 B2 offered by the settlement hierarchy of the County and the built B3 HH1 environment. W1 W2 W3 E2 Objective 4: To support the recording and monitoring of renewable energy potential in the County in partnership with other stakeholders B1 B2 including SEAI and CODEMA. B3 HH1 W1 W2 W3 E2 Objective 5: To ensure that the recommendations of the South Dublin Spatial Energy CH1 Demand Analysis (SEDA) are carried out in accordance with CH2 B1 environmental safeguards and the protection of natural or built heritage B2 B3 L1 features, biodiversity and views and prospects.

E2 Objective 6: To require, where feasibly practical and viable, the provision of PV solar B1 B2 panels in new public buildings (eg Council buildings, school buildings, B3 HH1 hospitals, health centres, community centres, sports facilities, libraries, W1 W2 Garda stations etc), for electricity generation/storage and/or water W3 heating so as to reduce energy costs, minimise carbon emissions and reduce our dependence on imported fossil fuels.

South Dublin County Council 291 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

E2 Objective 7: To require, where feasibly practical and viable, the provision of PV solar B1 B2 panels in new housing and apartment builds, for electricity B3 HH1 generation/storage and/or water heating, so as to reduce the long term W1 W2 energy/heating costs of residents living in such dwellings, to minimise W3 carbon emissions and to reduce Ireland’s dependency on imported energy derived from fossil fuels.

E2 Objective 8: B1 B2 To require, where feasibly practical and viable, the provision of green B3 HH1 roofs for all new public buildings (Council buildings, school buildings, W1 W2 hospitals, community centres, sports facilities, libraries, Garda stations W3 etc), to assist in flood alleviation, insulation and improved biodiversity, and to actively promote these measures where appropriate in new commercial and industrial buildings.

Use of renewable energy will reduce usage of conventional fossil fuel generated energy, and through introduction of passive housing and increased insulation reduce energy usage overall, thus slowing the effects of climate change

Energy (E) Policy 3 Energy Performance in Existing Buildings B1 B2 It is the policy of the Council to promote high levels of energy B3 HH1 conservation, energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources W1 W2 in existing buildings. W3

E3 Objective 1: To ensure that medium to large scale residential and B1 B2 commercial developments are designed to take account of the impacts B3 HH1 of climate change, including the installation of rain water harvesting W1 W2 systems and that energy efficiency and renewable energy measures are W3 incorporated in accordance with national building regulations, policy and guidelines.

South Dublin County Council 292 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Use of renewable energy and alternative energy sources will reduce usage of conventional fossil fuel generated energy, and through introduction of passive housing and increased insulation reduce energy usage overall, thus slowing the effects of climate change

Energy (E) Policy 4 Energy Performance in New Buildings B1 B2 It is the policy of the Council to ensure that new development is designed B3 HH1 to take account of the impacts of climate change, and that energy W1 W2 efficiency and renewable energy measures are considered in accordance W3 with national building regulations, policy and guidelines.

E4 Objective 1: To ensure that medium to large scale residential and B1 B2 commercial developments are designed to take account of the impacts B3 HH1 of climate change, including the installation of rain water harvesting W1 W2 systems and that energy efficiency and renewable energy measures are W3 incorporated in accordance with national building regulations, policy and guidelines.

E4 Objective 2: B1 B2 To support the passive house standard or equivalent for all new build in B3 HH1 the County W1 W2 W3 Use of renewable energy and alternative energy sources will reduce usage of conventional fossil fuel generated energy, and through introduction of passive housing and increased insulation reduce energy usage overall, thus slowing the effects of climate change Energy (CE) Policy 5 Waste Heat Recovery & Utilisation B1 B2 It is the policy of the Council to promote the development of waste heat B3 HH1 technologies and the utilisation and sharing of waste heat in new or W1 W2 extended industrial and commercial developments, where the processes W3 associated with the primary operation onsite generates waste heat.

E5 Objective 1: To promote the development of waste heat technologies and the utilisation and sharing of waste heat, in B1 B2 new or extended industrial and commercial developments, where the B3 HH1

South Dublin County Council 293 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

processes associated with the primary operation onsite generates waste W1 W2 heat. W3

E5 Objective 2: B1 B2 To promote the development of local energy partnerships among B3 HH1 businesses in the County. W1 W2 W3

E5 Objective 3: B1 B2 To promote increased energy self-sufficiency across business sectors. B3 HH1 W1 W2 W3 Encouraging and promoting the use of renewable energy and alternative energy sources will reduce usage of conventional fossil fuel generated energy, and through introduction of passive housing and increased insulation reduce energy usage overall, thus slowing the effects of climate change

Energy (E) Policy 6 Low Carbon District Heating Networks B1 B2 (i) It is the policy of the Council to support the development of B3 HH1 low carbon district heating networks across the County W1 W2 based on technologies such as combined heat and power W3 (CHP), large scale heat pumps, and renewable energy opportunities, including geothermal energy, energy from waste, biomass and bio-gas.

(ii) It is the policy of the Council to support the development of B1 B2 both deep and shallow geothermal energy sources B3 HH1 throughout the County. Deep geothermal projects are W1 W2 particularly suited to areas demonstrating high heat W3 densities.

E6 Objective 1: To prioritise the development of low carbon district B1 B2 heating networks in Low Carbon District Heating Areas of Potential B3 HH1 W1 W2 W3

South Dublin County Council 294 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

E6 Objective 2: To future proof the built environment in Low Carbon B1 B2 District Heating Areas of Potential to aid the future realisation of local B3 HH1 energy networks and a move towards de-centralised energy systems. W1 W2 W3

E6 Objective 3: To ensure that all development proposals in Low Carbon District Heating Areas of Potential carry out an Energy Analysis and B1 B2 explore the potential for the development of low carbon district heating B3 HH1 networks. W1 W2 W3

E6 Objective 4: To support deep and shallow geothermal projects at B1 B2 appropriate locations across South Dublin County and in accordance B3 HH1 with the South Dublin Spatial Energy Demand Analysis (SEDA). W1 W2 W3 Encouraging and promoting the use of renewable energy and alternative energy sources will reduce usage of conventional fossil fuel generated energy, and through introduction of passive housing and increased insulation reduce energy usage overall, thus slowing the effects of climate change

Energy (E) Policy 7 Solar It is the policy of the Council to promote the development of solar energy B1 B2 infrastructure in the County, in particular for on-site energy use, B3 HH1 including solar PV, solar thermal and seasonal storage technologies. W1 W2 Such projects will be considered subject to environmental safeguards W3 and the protection of natural or built heritage features, biodiversity and views and prospects.

South Dublin County Council 295 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

E7 Objective 1: To encourage and support the development of solar B1 B2 energy infrastructure for on-site energy use, including solar PV, solar B3 HH1 thermal and seasonal storage technologies. W1 W2 W3

E7 Objective 2: To encourage and support the development of solar B1 B2 energy infrastructure for local distribution, including solar PV, solar B3 HH1 thermal and seasonal storage technologies. W1 W2 W3

Encouraging and promoting the use of renewable energy and alternative energy sources will reduce usage of conventional fossil fuel generated energy, and through introduction of passive housing and increased insulation reduce energy usage overall, thus slowing the effects of climate change

Energy (E) Policy 8 Small Scale Hydro-Electricity Projects B1 B2 B1 B2 B3 It is the policy of the Council to encourage the roll-out of small-scale B3 HH1 hydroelectric projects on the rivers, watercourses, dams and weirs across W1 W2 the County, where they do not impact negatively on freshwater species W3 (including protected aquatic species), birds and mammals, biodiversity and natural or built heritage features.

B1 B2 B1 B2 B3 E8 Objective 1: To support the roll-out of small-scale hydroelectric B3 HH1 projects on the rivers, watercourses, dams and weirs across the County, W1 W2 where projects do not impact negatively on freshwater species, W3 (including protected aquatic species), birds and mammals, biodiversity and natural or built heritage features.

Encouraging and promoting the use of renewable energy and alternative energy sources will reduce usage of conventional fossil fuel generated energy, and through introduction of passive housing and increased insulation reduce energy usage overall, thus slowing the effects of climate change. With hydroelectric projects, there is potential conflict with impacts on habitats and species, but these are likely to be mitigated against subject to strict environmental mitigation measures

South Dublin County Council 296 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Energy (E) Policy 9 Wind Energy B1 B2 L1 It is the policy of the Council to restrict large scale wind energy B3 HH1 infrastructure in the rural hinterland and mountain areas of the County, W1 W2 to protect the overriding visual and environmental value of these W3 landscapes. L1 B1 B2 E9 Objective 1: To restrict large scale wind energy infrastructure from B3 HH1 rural and mountain areas of the County. W1 W2 W3 Encouraging and promoting the use of renewable energy and alternative energy sources will reduce usage of conventional fossil fuel generated energy, and through introduction of passive housing and increased insulation reduce energy usage overall, thus slowing the effects of climate change. However with wind energy infrastructure, there is a potential impact to the landscape character of the County if permitted without appropriate mitigation. Energy (E) Policy 10 Small Scale Wind Energy Schemes B1 B2 L1 It is the policy of the Council to encourage small to medium scale wind B3 HH1 energy developments within industrial or business parks, and support W1 W2 small community-based proposals in urban areas provided they do not W3 negatively impact upon the environmental quality, and visual or residential amenities of the area. . Encouraging and promoting the use of renewable energy and alternative energy sources will reduce usage of conventional fossil fuel generated energy, and through introduction of passive housing and increased insulation reduce energy usage overall, thus slowing the effects of climate change. However with wind energy infrastructure, there is a potential impact to the landscape character of the County if permitted without appropriate mitigation. Energy (E) Policy 11 Service Providers and Energy Facilities B1 B2 CH1 It is the policy of the Council to ensure that the provision of energy B3 L1 facilities is undertaken in association with the appropriate service providers and operators, including ESB Networks, Eirgrid and Gas Networks Ireland. The Council will facilitate the sustainable expansion of existing networks, in order to ensure satisfactory levels of supply and to minimise constraints for development.

E11 Objective 1: L1 B1 B2 B3 To work in conjunction with EirGrid to prioritise the undergrounding of the 220kv power line between

South Dublin County Council 297 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Foxborough and the County boundary, including in the Balgaddy and Ronanstown areas.

The provision of such infrastructure may take the form of antennae, pylons and other structures, which are both visually damaging, and where located in upland, high amenity and mountain areas, may affect sensitive landscapes and habitats. Gas Network Ireland pipelines should not adversely affect sensitive habitats, or result in negative impacts on important biodiversity corridors. Ensuring the sustainable expansion of such infrastructure should mitigate impacts on sensitive environments. Energy (E) Policy 12 Energy and Communications Infrastructure in Sensitive Landscapes It is the policy of the Council that all planning applications for energy and communications infrastructure on lands located in rural, high B1 B2 CH1 amenity and mountain areas (Zoning Objectives RU, HA-LV, HA-DV and B3 L1 HA–DM) shall include a Landscape Impact Assessment of the proposed development on the landscape and shall be subject to screening for potential impacts on Natura 2000 sites. B1 B2 CH1 E12 Objective 1: To safeguard Natura 2000 sites and the B3 L1 sensitivity, open character and amenities of rural, high amenity and mountain areas within the County.

E12 Objective 2: To ensure that proposals for energy and B1 B2 CH1 communications developments integrate with their surroundings and B3 L1 mitigate against negative impacts on visual amenity.

The provision of such infrastructure may take the form of antennae, pylons and other structures, which are both visually damaging, and where located in upland, high amenity and mountain areas, may affect sensitive landscapes and habitats. Gas Network Ireland pipelines should not adversely affect sensitive habitats, or result in negative impacts on important biodiversity corridors. Ensuring the sustainable expansion of such infrastructure should mitigate impacts on sensitive environments.

South Dublin County Council 298 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

South Dublin County Council 299 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

APPENDIX II NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY

ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT

OF THE

STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

South Dublin County Council County Hall Tallaght

Dublin 24

Updated June 2016

South Dublin County Council 300 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

South Dublin County Council 301 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Non-Technical Summary

Table of Contents

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Strategic Environmental Assessment Methodology

1.3 The South Dublin County Council Development Plan

1.4 Relationship of the Plan with other Relevant Plans and Programmes

1.5 The Existing Environment

1.6 Strategic Environmental Objectives

1.7 Description of Alternative Plan Scenarios

1.8 Evaluation of Alternative Plan Scenarios

1.9 Mitigation

1.10 Monitoring Measures

South Dublin County Council 302 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Non-Technical Summary

1.1 Introduction highlighted the main development issues and environmental issues for the County. Strategic Environmental Assessment is a process which was adopted into Irish Law in Submissions were received from members of 2004 and is a statutory requirement in the case the public and the designated environmental of a County Development Plan. The SEA has authorities (Environmental Protection Agency, been carried out in order to comply with the Department of the Environment, Heritage and provisions of the European SEA Directive and Local Government and Department of national SEA Regulations and in order to Communications, Energy and Natural provide a clear understanding of the likely Resources). These submissions were taken into environmental consequences of decisions consideration during the preparation of the regarding the future accommodation of growth County Development Plan and the in South Dublin County Council. This report Environmental Report. should be read in conjunction with the South Dublin County Development Plan. 1.3 Main Objectives for the County This ‘assessment’ process is a key mechanism in Development Plan promoting sustainable development; in raising awareness of significant environmental issues The core policy aim of the Development Plan is in the South Dublin County Council area and in to promote a more consolidated and compact ensuring that such issues are properly urban form for the County. The policies and addressed within the capacity of the planning objectives of the Development Plan are system. It has the potential to bring underpinned by the following overarching considerable added value to the considerations: implementation of the new County Development Plan over the next six years. (a) Quality of Life, with an emphasis on key economic, environmental, social and cultural The Environmental Report has guided the indicators; preparation of objectives, policies and development scenarios for the County (b) Prosperity, with an emphasis on Development Plan with an ultimate goal of contributing to a competitive business achieving sustainable development in the environment that supports economic County that can be absorbed into the development, job creation and prosperity for landscape without causing adverse harm to the all; environment. (c) Sustainability, with an emphasis on 1.2 Strategic Environmental Assessment making better use of key resources such as Methodology land, buildings, water, energy, waste and transport infrastructure; The Review of the County Development Plan began in September 2014. The Development (d) Health and Wellbeing, by facilitating Plan Issues Paper and the Strategic active and healthy lifestyles with increased Environmental Assessment Issues Paper were opportunities for walking, cycling and active released to aid consultation. The documents sport and recreation;

South Dublin County Council 303 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

1.5.1 Population and Human Health (e) Social Inclusion, with an emphasis on creating socially and physically inclusive This section covers the population of the neighbourhoods, taking account of the County and the locational consequences of the recommendations of The National Disability settlement strategy. Notwithstanding the Strategy Implementation Plan 2013-3015 and current structural issues surrounding the Inclusion Ireland’s Changing Places campaign; economy and housing, projections still point to and an increasing national population and demand for housing, greater longevity, smaller (f) Climate Change Adaption, with increased household size and a stable birth rate. The main emphasis on reducing climate change at a local issues in South Dublin are that of depopulation level through settlement and travel patterns, in older established areas and of population energy use and protection of green growth in Greenfield areas at the periphery of infrastructure. the urban fringe. The main threats in terms of population and human health include the encroachment of development onto greenfield 1.4 Relationship of the Plan with other lands, air and noise pollution from vehicles, Relevant Plans and Programmes provision and maintenance of useable amenity space, and ensuring that sites of concern, such The South Dublin County Development Plan as obsolete landfills, illegal dumps, and accompanying Environmental Report fit contaminated soils sites within the county do into a hierarchy of strategic legislation, plans not pollute ground or river waters. and policy documents. A number of higher- level strategic actions such as the National 1.5.2 Biodiversity Spatial Plan and the Regional Planning Guidelines for the Greater Dublin Area pre- Biological diversity or biodiversity refers to the determine the boundaries of the County variety of life on the Earth. It includes flora and Development Plan, while the County fauna and the habitats or places where they live. Development Plan sets the context for plans While, in South Dublin, the two Special Areas of further down in the hierarchy such as Local Area Conservation (Glenasmole and part of the Plans and other studies. Wicklow Mountain site - EU Designation), the five proposed Natural Heritage Areas (Liffey 1.5 Summary of Baseline Environment/ Valley, the Grand Canal, the Dodder Valley, Existing Environmental Problems Lugmore Glen, the Slade of Saggart and Crooksling -National Designation) and the The Environmental Report contains a range of Special Amenity Area of the Liffey Valley are of baseline information on key environmental particular importance, the remaining ecological headings such as Population and Human network throughout the county is also Health, Biodiversity (Flora and Fauna), important. Landscape/Geology/Soil, Agriculture and Forestry, Water Quality, Air Quality, Waste The main threats to biodiversity include Management, Material Assets, Cultural development on previously undeveloped or Heritage and Climate Change and Greenfield land where habitats become Sustainability. separated from each other or even destroyed; the large conifer afforestation in the upland areas of the county which may be having an effect on certain bogs and riverine systems; development in floodplains of rivers or wetland

South Dublin County Council 304 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA areas; invasive non-native plant and animal identified (66 in South Dublin) which have the species that can cause major ecological potential to negatively affect receiving waters. changes and damage to habitats where they become established and hedgerow removal 1.5.4 Agriculture and Forestry reducing habitat corridors. Large sections of land in the south and south A lack of a Biodiversity or Habitat Plan for the west of the County are dominated by rural uses County constrains detailed assessment of such as agriculture and in the upland areas, valuable habitats at local level. forestry. In order to ensure the continued viability of the agricultural and forestry sectors 1.5.3 Landscape, Geology and Soil within the County, provision is required to allow for rural and farm diversification and sources of Following the completion of a detailed off-farm income, rather than allowing for the Landscape Character Assessment for the continued development of rural lands due to County in 2015, it was concluded that there urban pressure. were five landscape character areas in the County: Liffey Valley LCA, Newcastle Lowlands Forestry has potential for detrimental visual LCA, Athgoe and Saggart Hills LCA, River impact, if not laid out correctly. In addition, Dodder and Glenasmole Valley LCA and the forestry, during growth and felling stages can Suburban Lowlands. have a significant detrimental impact on river systems. The reduction in the amount of arable Of the three river systems in the County, both soil close to the City could have an effect on the the Liffey and the Dodder are significant in their ability of the Dublin Metropolitan Area to feed contribution to the landscape character of the itself. area. A number of sites in the County have been identified as being of Geological Importance 1.5.5 Water including some working quarries. Aside from the upper reaches of the mountains, the soil Water in South Dublin has played a significant resource within South Dublin has a wide land role in the development of the County and use capability of accepting a diverse range of indeed Dublin City. The Rivers Liffey and the agricultural options. Dodder and their tributaries have had a considerable impact on the landscape. Water The main threats to landscape include the visual from South Dublin was one of the earliest impact of developments in the rural and supplies (13th century) of clear water to Dublin mountain areas. While it is considered that the City, and still supplies drinking water to the foothills and upland areas of the Dublin county today. South Dublin has no natural Mountains are the most sensitive to change in lakes. visual terms, it would appear that the lands within the low plain, around Newcastle and 1.5.5.1 The Water Framework Directive Baldonnell are subject to the most development pressure. Water Management in the European Union is governed by Directive 2000/60/EC (the Water Quarries, specifically those in scenic upland Framework Directive, (WFD). The WFD sets out areas, can have a significant effect in the that a Member State shall implement the landscape. Quarrying results in the extraction necessary measures to prevent deterioration of and removal of significant quantities of non- the status of all bodies of surface, ground renewable natural resources. A number of old estuarine and coastal water, and shall protect, landfill or contaminated sites have been enhance and restore all bodies of surface and

South Dublin County Council 305 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA ground water with the aim of achieving good second cycle is currently underway. The second status by 2027. South Dublin County Council, as cycle of plans will be adopted in 2017 and will a public body, is required to co-ordinate its run until 2021. The Eastern River Basin policies and operations to maintain water Management Plan plans cover the period 2009 quality of unpolluted water bodies, and to 2015. improve the status of polluted water bodies. Monitoring and protection of groundwater is For the purposes of implementing the WFD, especially important considering drinking water Ireland has been divided into eight river basin extraction of groundwater by group water districts. These comprise areas of land which schemes, although it should be noted that are drained by a large river or number of rivers, there is no group water scheme serving more as well as associated areas of estuary and coast. than 50 people in the County. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Department of the Environment, Heritage and Overall, groundwater in the South Dublin Area Local Government, Northern Ireland regulatory can be considered to be ‘At risk of not achieving authorities, local authorities and associated good status’ within the northern section of the consultancies prepared the Article 5 County, and ‘Expected to achieve good status’ in Characterisation Report for the Irish River Basin the southern section of the county. Districts. Groundwater Protection Schemes are county South Dublin lies wholly within the Eastern based schemes undertaken jointly by the GSI River Basin. A characterisation report for this and each local authority, incorporating land basin was prepared in September 2005. The surface zoning and groundwater protection Eastern River Basin Characterisation report responses. The Geological Survey of Ireland indicates the main pressures and threats to the (GSI) has compiled a Groundwater Protection water-bodies in the basin achieving the status Scheme for South Dublin which includes: required under the WFD. Agricultural and wastewater and industrial discharges have been  Assessment and categorisation of the identified as being the most likely cause of poor vulnerability of Groundwaters. water quality in the Liffey basin catchment area.  Mapping lands in accordance with their vulnerability categorisation. 1.5.5.2 River Basin Management Plan  Development of Protection Response Matrices. For the purpose of implementing the WFD, Ireland has been divided into eight river basin It was stated in the South Dublin County districts or areas of land that are drained by a Groundwater Protection Scheme Report (2011) large river or number of rivers and the adjacent carried out by the Geological Survey of Ireland, estuarine/coastal areas. South Dublin is lies that approximately two-thirds of the county is wholly within the Eastern River Basin. The classed as having either extreme or high Directive requires that management plans be groundwater vulnerability. The large areas of prepared on a river basin basis and specifies a extreme vulnerability where rock is generally at structured approach to developing those or close to the surface, include upland areas plans. The management plan proposes a which have little existing development or programme of protection and improvement of potential for development, for example the waters in the County with the aim of achieving high summits and shoulders of the Dublin the required status of the WFD. The first cycle Mountains. When these are excluded, the of River Basin Management Plans for Ireland proportion of the county’s groundwater that is was published in July 2010 and planning for the extremely vulnerable is significantly reduced.

South Dublin County Council 306 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

The four Local Authorities, within the 1.5.6 Air Quality and Noise Pollution agglomeration of Dublin(Dublin City Council, Fingal, Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown and South Emissions from vehicles, extractive industries Dublin County Councils, are required to review and intensive industries reduce the quality of air and revise, if necessary, ‘Strategic Noise Maps’ and thus have a negative effect on the quality every 5 years. The first sets of maps were of life of residents of the County. Noise produced in June 2007. The noise mapping pollution is considered to be one of the most indicated that traffic congestion and movement damaging and prevalent forms of nuisance and were the issues of concern regarding noise pollution within urban areas. High levels of pollution and that the majority of noise occurs traffic noise especially can have a detrimental along the national, regional and distributor effect on the quality of life, and on human road network. health. Increased amounts of private transport The Environmental Protection Agency recently movements within the County are a significant launched the Air Quality Index for Health concern. Lack of sustainable public transport (AQIH). This was developed by the EPA, HSE, linking settlements within the County has Met Éireann and Department of Environment, resulted in increased private car trips. Such Community and Local Government. linkages must be provided before public transport becomes a viable alternative to car The AQIH provides air quality information with trips. Reduction in private car movements will health advice for both the general public and result in a reduction in air and noise pollution. people sensitive to air pollution. The index is displayed on a colour-coded map, updated 1.5.7 Material Assets hourly39. The index is based on information from monitoring instruments at representative Waste Water locations in each region The treatment of wastewater is governed by the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive There are six regions divided within the Air (91/271/EEC) (amended by Directive Quality Index for Health, with South Dublin 98/15/EEC). The Directive aims to protect the located with the ‘Dublin City’ region and environment from the adverse effects of the achieving an air quality rating of ‘3 - Good wastewater discharges by ensuring that respectively’. wastewater is appropriately treated before it is discharged to the environment. The Air Pollution Regulations (2012) were signed into law by the Minister for Environment, Development of Wastewater Treatment Works Community and Local Government on 31st (WwTw) within the Greater Dublin Area has not August 2012. One of the key elements of the kept pace with construction or the amount of regulations has been the designation of new zoned lands. towns as smokeless zones and the expansion of the ban areas in towns that were previously Aside from some rural areas, almost all of the covered under the old regulations. All of the waste water in South Dublin is currently treated four local authorities in Dublin have a ban on in Ringsend. The treated waters are treated to a the sale, marketing, distribution and burning of Tertiary standard, which is in compliance with specified fuel i.e. only smokeless fuel allowed the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive.

39 Updated on www.airquality.epa.ie.

South Dublin County Council 307 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

These waters are discharged to Dublin Bay, services such as the Red Line extension to which is a Natura 2000 site. The quality of the Saggart or Real Time Passenger Information. discharged waters is within the requirements of the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive. Until recently, buses have been the predominant form of public transport in South It is considered that the increased loading to Dublin. Significant progress has been made in WwTw as a result of implementing the the last ten years in relation to the provision of Proposed Plan would be partially offset as a rail transport in the County. Major projects result of dropping loading in older parts of the include the Luas Red Line, and Adamstown train county as well as reduced construction and station. The latter has been developed as part occupation figures for new housing. of the Kildare Route Project which also duplicated the rail line and introduced a new Implementation of the five key policy initiatives series of suburban commuter rail stations as part of The Greater Dublin Strategic including Kishogue and Fonthill. Future public Drainage Study is vital to ensuring the ongoing transport projects include the Phoenix Park Rail sustainable development of the Greater Dublin Tunnel which will bring commuter train services Region. The policies are in the areas of New directly from the Kildare Line into Dublin City Development, Environmental Management, Centre by 2016. Climate Change, Inflow/ Infiltration and Exfiltration and Basements. Public transport connectivity in the County is exclusively between the county towns and 1.5.8 Drinking Water districts and Dublin City Centre. No orbital routes of substance currently exist between the Most of the treated water supply in South population centres in South Dublin, or in the Dublin County is currently supplied from Dublin adjoining Counties of Dun Laoghaire- City Council via the Belgard Reservoir. South Rathdown, or Fingal. This lack of connectivity Dublin is part of the Regional Water Steering with high quality, high frequency transport Group with Dublin City Council acting as lead along the routes of greatest potential demand authority in assessing short and long term is a significant inhibitor to public transport use, sources at a regional level to ensure water and human wellbeing within the County. supply into the future. In this regard, a Strategic Environmental Assessment is being carried out However, Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) has emerged on a new major water source that would meet in recent years as an effective cost efficient the long term needs of the Greater Dublin Area. method of public transport and one that is being developed by the National Transport 1.5.9 Energy and Transport Infrastructure Authority. There are currently three proposed corridors- Dublin City Centre, Blanchardstown 1.5.9.1 Public Transport to UCD, Clongriffin to Tallaght and Swords to the City Centre. Additional public transport In 2006, South Dublin County had the lowest issues include a lack of connectivity or direct percentage of people in the Dublin area access to public transport stops, which reduces travelling to work or school by train, Dart or the walkband of the stop. Connectivity issues Luas. The percentage is surprisingly low given also affect cyclists. that the Luas red line to Tallaght commenced operation in Autumn 2004. In the 2011 Census, travelling by car to work/school remained the most popular means of transport. It is noted however that the 2011 Census pre-dates new

South Dublin County Council 308 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

1.5.9.2 Roads Areas (ACA), indicating the locations where many clusters of protected structures were to South Dublin is serviced by 847 km of Roads in be found. It should be noted that not all total, categorised as follows: Two national buildings or structures within an ACA are primary routes the N4 and N7 traverse the contained within the RPS. The ACAs also offer county, and the busiest stretch of road in the protection to surrounding structures which country - the M50 between the Red Cow combine to create a specific character, street junction and the junction with the N4 is also in pattern or layout which is worthy of the county. A critical issue is that much of the recognition. traffic on these arteries is passing through and not stopping in the county. South Dublin County Council commissioned an independent assessment of potential ACAs, New cycle tracks continue to be provided in that comprised areas in South Dublin that were conjunction with new road schemes. The NTA considered to exhibit distinct character and has funded work on a range of permeability qualities based on their built form and layout. It projects in South Dublin County Council (SDCC) is proposed to increase the number of ACAs under Sustainable Transport Measures Grants within the County from 5 to 10 and to extend scheme. the Lucan ACA based on the assessments undertaken. The need to increase the use of existing public transport, and provide for additional systems to 1.5.11 Climatic Factors accommodate existing and future growth of the county is a pressing priority. Climate change is becoming the greatest challenge facing society today, an issue which affects all citizens at a local, national and 1.5.10 Cultural Heritage international level. It is important that the Council, and its residents, act responsibly at a The most important items of archaeological local level in order to assist in the reduction of and architectural heritage in the county are greenhouse gas emissions. ‘Agenda 21’ and the recorded under Schedule 1- the Record of ‘Kyoto Protocol’ set out visions for sustainable Monuments and Places, and Schedule 2- the future development. Both frameworks require Record of Protected Structures, of the current that local plans and procedures are established 2010-2016 Development Plan. South Dublin and implemented which allow for requisite County Council commissioned an independent reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. review of the RPS, with a view to identifying structures that merit addition or deletion. The Increases in global temperature will have a RPS Review is a separate document to be read number of effects on Ireland. In the context of in parallel with the County Development plan. South Dublin, it is can be expected that winter and summer temperatures will increase leading There are 470 no. structures listed on the RPS. to greater amounts of water vapour in the This includes a total of 20 no. additions to the atmosphere, which in turn leads to greater Record of Protected Structures and a total of 94 levels of precipitation, especially in winter. High no. deletions. Of the proposed deletions, 88 no. rates of rainfall and run-off will increase the deletions relate to structures that are now chances of flooding events within Architectural Conservation Areas. The two single greatest issues facing South The County Development Plan 2010-2016 Dublin relating to climate change relate to designated five Architectural Conservation increased amounts of greenhouse gas

South Dublin County Council 309 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA emissions from transport movements and the the new Biodiversity Plan and the proposed danger posed by flooding events. Solutions new Green Infrastructure Strategy are require reductions in unsustainable transport implemented. movements and the amelioration of potential flooding events. 1.5.13 The likely evolution of the environment without the implementation of Sustainable development within the County the Plan requires an integrated approach regarding sustainability and environmental performance. In the absence of a County Development Plan At the County level, projects such as development would occur on Greenfield lands Adamstown and Clonburris SDZs are being to the west and south and within the promoted which ensure development takes environmentally sensitive upland and mountain place utilising best practice for development areas rather than consolidating the existing which surpasses required Irish standards, and built up area. This will create an edge city effect sets ambitious yet ultimately achievable in South Dublin. It is likely that the populations targets. would decline with the reduction in occupancy per dwelling and the flight to the edge of or 1.5.12 Identified Data Gaps within the outside the county. Baseline Information The concentration of development in the south The lack of a centralised data source that could and west of the County would have negative make all environmental baseline data for the impacts on biodiversity including the County both readily available and in a designated Special Areas of Conservation, the consistent format posed a challenge to the SEA proposed Natural Heritage Areas and process. This difficulty is one which has been ecological networks. Extractive Industries would encountered while undertaking SEAs at Local be likely to expand to take advantage of the Authorities across the country and was large deposits of easily accessible sand, gravel overcome by investing time in the collection of and stone. This would take place in both the data from various sources and through the use uplands and lowlands, resulting in the removal of Geographical Information Systems. In of large quantities of a non-renewable soil and addition the fact that the CFRAM maps have sub-soil resource. Lack of monitoring of extinct not yet been finalised for the Eastern District landfill sites could lead to serious pollution of posed a challenge. waterways.

In 2011, a desk-top Habitat Mapping exercise Lack of planning restrictions will lead to impact was undertaken to Level 2 Fossit Code. While upon soils through fragmentation of habitats selected areas of the county, most particularly and the development in riparian zones. It is the Dodder River, have been surveyed since probable that farming within the County as a then to Level 3, there remain knowledge gaps whole would become fragmented, with less for habitat and species across other areas of the maintenance of farm hedgerows and buildings, county. and the creation of smaller holdings, resulting in a more degraded rural landscape. A Biodiversity Plan is at present being undertaken for South Dublin and will be Collection of waste and the meeting of targets finalised by late 2015. It is expected that most regarding recycling would be made more of the information gaps caused by the absence difficult due to the more dispersed nature of of a Biodiversity Plan to date, will be addressed development within the county. There would be in the course of the new Development Plan as no framework for the efficient development of

South Dublin County Council 310 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA the required waste and drinking water 1.6 Strategic Environmental Protection infrastructure within the county and the lack of Objectives guidance regarding efficient use of capital infrastructure and the location of development The Plan is subject to a number of high level would not allow for the most effective use of national, international and regional these long term infrastructure projects. environmental protection policies and objectives. A series of Strategic Environmental Based on the current risk assessment - and in Objectives (SEO’s), see table below, have been the absence of any intervening measures - derived from these sources which cover the none of the water bodies in South Dublin would range of environmental aspects and reflect a be likely to meet their commitments under the local dimension. EU Water Framework Directive. Flood plains within South Dublin Would are likely to come Examples of Strategic Environmental Objectives under pressure for development. include the aim of the EU Habitats Directive - which is to contribute towards ensuring bio- In the absence of a County Development Plan, diversity through the conservation of natural proposals for the creation of high quality public habitats and of wild fauna and flora in the transport corridors would be more difficult to European territory of Member States – and the implement. Increased travel by private purpose of the Water Framework Directive - transport will increase emissions to air which is to establish a framework for the (including the amount of greenhouse gases), as protection of inland surface waters, transitional well as increasing noise impacts upon new and waters, coastal waters and groundwater. existing residential communities. The lost opportunities in energy conservation and The strategy and policies in the Development planning would also contribute to the Plan must be consistent with these objectives possibilities of Climate Change. and the Plan must be capable of implement these objectives at the County and local level.

South Dublin County Council 311 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA SEO Strategic Environmental Objectives (SEO) Code B1 To avoid loss of habitats, geological features, species or their sustaining resources in designated ecological sites

B2 To avoid significant adverse impacts, including direct, cumulative and indirect impacts, to habitats, geological features, species or their sustaining resources in designated ecological sites by development within or adjacent to these sites

B3 To sustain, enhance or - where relevant - prevent the loss of ecological networks or parts thereof which provide significant connectivity between areas of local biodiversity

HH1 To protect human health from hazards or nuisances arising from traffic and incompatible landuses

S1 To maximise the sustainable re-use of brownfield lands and the existing built environment, rather than developing greenfield lands

S3 To minimise waste production and reduce the volume of waste to landfill and to operate sustainable waste management practices.

W1 To maintain and improve, where possible, the quality of rivers, lakes and surface water W2 To prevent pollution and contamination of ground water W3 To prevent development on lands which pose - or are likely to pose in the future – a significant flood risk

C1 To minimise increases in travel related greenhouse emissions to air

C2 To reduce car dependency within the County by way of, inter alia, encouraging modal change from car to more sustainable forms of public transport and encouraging development which will not be dependent on private transport

M1 To serve new development under the CDP with appropriate waste water treatment

M2 To maintain and improve the quality of drinking water supplies

CH1 To protect the archaeological heritage of South Dublin with regard to entries to the Record of Monuments and Places - including Zones of Archaeological Potential - and the context of the above within the surrounding landscape where relevant

CH2 To preserve and protect the special interest and character of South Dublin’s architectural heritage with regard to entries to the Record of Protected Structures, Architectural Conservation Areas, and their context within the surrounding landscape where relevant

L1 To protect and avoid significant adverse impacts on the landscape, landscape features and designated scenic routes; especially with regard to areas of high amenity, the Dublin Mountain Area, and the Liffey and Dodder Valleys

South Dublin County Council 312 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

NOTE: Strategic Environmental Objectives (SEOs) are methodological measures which are developed from international, national and regional policies which generally govern environmental protection objectives and against which the environmental effects of the Plan can be tested. The SEOs are used as standards against which the development strategies, policies and objectives of the Plan can be evaluated in order to help identify areas in which significant adverse impacts are likely to occur, if unmitigated against.

South Dublin County Council 313 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

1.7 Appropriate Assessment and Strategic Flood Risk Assessment 1.8 Description of Alternatives

Screening for Appropriate Assessment and a The evaluation of the likely environmental Strategic Flood Risk Assessment (SFRA) have consequences of a range of alternative both been undertaken alongside the Plan. strategies for accommodating future development in the South Dublin area is part of The requirement for AA is provided under the the SEA process. The scenarios are derived EU Habitats Directive (Directive 1992/43/EEC). taking into account higher level strategic plans AA is a focused and detailed impact assessment as well as the geographical scope of the of the implications of a strategic action or area.The Regional Planning Guidelines for the project, alone and in combination with other Greater Dublin Area 2010-2022 (RPG-GDA) strategic actions and projects, on the integrity provide an overall strategic settlement context of a Natura 2000 site in view of its objectives for for the Development Plans of each local conservation. authority in the GDA.

The Screening for AA concluded that the Plan The scenarios provide alternative visions of how will not have a significant adverse effect on the future development of South Dublin might European Sites, and that the integrity of the occur. These are neither predictions nor European Sites, in view of their conservation preferences - instead they offer a range of interests, will not be adversely affected. plausible and internally consistent narratives of the outcome of different planning and The preparation of the Plan, SEA and AA has development strategies. They reflect a range of taken place concurrently and the findings of the development pressures and responses that AA have informed both the Plan and the SEA. reflect current practice. Various policies and objectives have been integrated into the Plan through the AA Scenario 1 Environmental / Preservation process. Approach Scenario 2 Sustainable/Selective Concentration The requirement for SFRA is provided under Scenario 3 Weak Planning/Market-led Growth ‘The Planning System and Flood Risk Management Guidelines for Planning 1.8.1 Scenario 1 – Environmental / Authorities’ (DECLG, 2009). The purpose of the Preservation Approach SFRA is to provide sufficient information to allow comprehensive planning decisions to be The entire County would be subject to policies made on sites at risk of flooding over the providing for the conservation and protection lifetime of the Plan and also to ensure that of the existing built and rural environment. Elected Members have the necessary Limited brown-field development would be information in coming to decisions on the Plan allowed in the Town Centres, District Centres, with respect to flood risk and its management. urban and rural Villages. This scenario would involve the adoption of planning policies which Various policies and objectives have been seek to maintain the status quo. Development integrated into the Plan through the SEA, SFRA under this scenario would be pushed out and AA processes. The preparation of the Plan, beyond the administrative boundary and there SEA, AA and SFRA has taken place concurrently would be a decline in traditional employment and the findings of the AA and SFRA have within the County. informed both the Plan and the SEA.

South Dublin County Council 314 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

proposals with little regard to environmental 1.8.2 Scenario 2 –Sustainable/ Selective protection. The relaxation of planning controls Concentrations Approach throughout the County would create a situation where favorable consideration would be given In this scenario the components of sustainable to higher density development in all areas with development – economic development, social less weight given to existing residential or well-being, environmental protection and architectural character or environmental enhancement, and resource conservation are amenity. The scenario would be likely to result integrated in the Plan. Allowance is made in this in a dispersed pattern of growth with sporadic scenario for some trade-off between pockets of high density development scattered development and environmental protection throughout the County in the existing with mitigation measures ameliorating any developed areas and in green-field areas negative environmental impacts. adjoining the existing built-up areas.

Under this scenario, Key Development Areas 1.9 Evaluation of Alternative Plan Scenarios would be developed / redeveloped to accommodate a higher level of new urban The Alternative Scenarios were evaluated development and deliver the maximum against the Strategic Environmental Objectives. quantitative efficiency of new population The evaluation under each of the three density and commercial floorspace. With the methods used has indicated Scenario 2 as the larger quantum of mixed use development preferred option. targeted at the Key Development Areas, other areas, including existing residential areas, While Scenario 1, (the environmental would experience development relative to their /preservation approach), does give rise to the carrying capacity. Rural Villages would maintain least level of direct, short-term beneficial and expand their service function for the environmental effects (although also results in surrounding rural areas while providing for the significant negative indirect impacts), in the natural growth of the existing community. medium to long-term Scenario 2 is more likely to bring about better environmental outcomes In the rural area, valuable agricultural land because of its ability to bring about both would be protected from pressures for controlled growth and the necessary growth to development not associated with agriculture capitalise important environmental mitigation and rural activities. The more environmentally measures. Scenario 3 which includes the sensitive parts of the County will be protected. accommodation of major development on Greenfield land at the edge of the present conurbation, would result in a range of 1.8.3 Scenario 3 – Weak Planning / Market- environmental conflicts including biodiversity, led Approach water quality, landscape character and climate change (an increase in the number of This Scenario would be characterised by a weak unsustainable private vehicle journeys with a planning approach to development within the decrease in public transport journeys giving rise County with a flexible overall development to an increase in greenhouse gases). strategy and an emphasis on market-led growth, maximising growth in the County. The County Development Plan that has emerged from the Plan preparation process has The growth envisaged in the Regional Planning a close correlation to Scenario 2 with an Guidelines would be incorporated along with a additional element from Scenario 3 i.e. the more ad-hoc approach to development proposed development of an amount of

South Dublin County Council 315 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

Greenfield land. The proposal to rezone this • Drinking Water green-field land relates directly to the overall • Flooding strategy of Scenario 2 which is one of • Soil and Contamination consolidation. The opportunity to utilise land • Cultural Heritage that is currently underutilized at present in the • Landscape Employment and Enterprise zones but that • Air and Noise adjoins either well serviced Town and District • Transportation Centres or is well served by public transit • Waste Management infrastructure is dependent on land being available for the relocation of suitable uses i.e. uses with a high floor space per employee and 1.11 Monitoring a low traffic generation factor. Mitigation of impacts can be provided. The SEA Directive requires that the significant environmental effects of the implementation of In summary, Scenario 2 represents a pragmatic plans and programmes are monitored. The recognition of the need to continue to Environmental Report puts forward proposals accommodate and control growth in the South for monitoring the Plan which are adopted Dublin County Council area while providing for alongside the Plan. Monitoring enables, at an environmental protection and enhancement. early stage, the identification of unforeseen adverse effects and the undertaking of 1.10 Mitigation Measures appropriate remedial action. In addition to this, monitoring can also play an important role in Mitigation measures are measures envisaged to assessing whether the Development Plan is prevent, reduce and, as fully as possible, offset achieving its environmental objectives and any significant adverse impacts on the targets - measures which the Development Plan environment of implementing the can help work towards - whether these need to Development Plan. be re-examined and whether the proposed mitigation measures are being implemented. Various environmental sensitivities and issues have been communicated to the Council The Environmental Report identifies indicators through the SEA, Appropriate Assessment (AA) - which allow quantitative measures of trends and Strategic Flood Risk Assessment (SFRA) and progress in the environment over time. processes. By integrating all related Measurements for indicators come from a recommendations into the Plan, the Council range of existing monitoring sources and from have ensured that both the beneficial a series of meaningful indicators that could be environmental effects of implementing the Plan derived from the Development Management have been and will be maximised and that system. A preliminary monitoring evaluation potential adverse effects have been and will be report on the effects of implementing the 2010- avoided, reduced or offset. 2016 County Development Plan was prepared in 2012 at the mid term review to coincide with Mitigation measures have been integrated into the Manager's report to the elected members the Plan, following continuous communications on the progress achieved in securing CDP through the SEA, AA and SFRA processes. The objectives. Overall, it was apparent that the measures included in the plan relate to the system that South Dublin County Council put in following topics: place to monitor the impacts of the policies and • Biodiversity and Flora and Fauna objectives contained in the County • Water Protection Development Plan 2010 – 2016 as required by • Waste Water Article 10 of the SEA Directive is working well.

South Dublin County Council 316 Environmental Report of the South Dublin County Development Plan 2016-2022 SEA

No thresholds, at which corrective action is monitoring system as implemented under the required under the Monitoring Framework, 2010-2016 be continued. It is recommended were surpassed. It is recommended for the that the system be further development to monitoring of the Development Plan that the include for cumulative impacts.

South Dublin County Council 317