PADI’s Guide to Teaching Product No. 70513 (Rev. 11/13) Version 1.02 PADI’s Guide to Teaching © PADI 2014 Portions of the Appendix of this guide may be reproduced by PADI Members for use in PADI-sanctioned training, but not for resale or personal gain. No other reproduction is allowed without the express written permission of PADI. Published and distributed by PADI 30151 Tomas Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688-2125 USA Printed in USA Product No. 70513 (Rev. 11/13) Version 1.02 Scuba diving can never be entirely risk-free. However, by adhering to the philosophy and teaching techniques outlined within this manual whenever training or supervising divers who participate in PADI courses and programs, PADI Members can provide a strong platform from which divers and novices can learn to manage those risks and have fun in the process. HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL PADI’s Guide to Teaching is a companion piece to the PADI Instructor Manual. While the Instructor Manual lists required standards, PADI’s Guide to Teaching provides explanations, teaching techniques and suggested approaches to meeting those standards. It contains the “how to” information about fulfilling course requirements. Use the four sections in PADI’s Guide to Teaching in conjunction with the PADI Instructor Manual to conduct PADI courses and programs. When preparing to teach a PADI course or program, particularly those you don’t conduct on a regular basis, you’ll find the reminders in this manual valuable in helping you organize training sessions and dives. The manual also provides guidance about handling special circumstances, such as helping a student diver with a learning disability or assisting a student diver returning after an interruption in training. Being familiar with what information is in this manual will make it a beneficial instructional tool that you’ll use often. You begin using PADI’s Guide to Teaching in your instructor development program and will continue to use it throughout your teaching career. The following outlines what’s in the manual and how you can effectively find information in it. Teaching Techniques Most of the section consists of conduct and skill recommendation for all core PADI courses and several programs. Look for a course or program overview followed by general considerations, sequencing information and specific directions for teaching skills and conducting confined and open water dives. Two additional subsections offer general teaching techniques and considerations for special circumstances, plus organizational suggestions to make the best use of time and resources while teaching. Philosophy and Approach This section discusses the PADI organization and the PADI System of diver education. It also reviews PADI’s approach to risk management and the quality management, assurance and recognition program. There’s information about training dive leaders and other important references about instructional approach and philosophy. Membership Procedures Refer to this section when you need reminders about how to order certification cards from your PADI Regional Headquarters and other general procedural information. Instructor Development This section’s primary purpose is to support the instructor development process, although the worksheets and guidelines are useful anytime you prepare to teach a course. PADI’s Guide to Teaching 3 Introduction 4 Contents How to Use This Manual 3 TEACHING TECHNIQUES – CONDUCT AND SKILL RECOMMENDATIONS 9 Open Water Diver Course 11 Overview — Confined Water Dives 11 Confined aterW Conduct and Technique Recommendations 14 Overview — Open Water Dives 28 Open Water Conduct and Technique Recommendations 31 Adventures in Diving Program – Conduct and Skill Recommendations 43 Overview 43 Adventure Dive Conduct and Technique Recommendations 47 Rescue Diver Course – Conduct and Skill Recommendations 59 Overview 59 Rescue Exercise Conduct and Technique Recommendations 63 Rescue Review 70 Rescue Scenarios Conduct and Technique Recommendations 71 Divemaster Course – Conduct and Skill Recommendations 73 Overview 73 Divemaster Waterskills Development Conduct and Technique Recommendations 78 Divemaster Practical Application Conduct and Technique Recommendations 81 Discover Scuba Diving – Conduct and Recommendations 89 Overview 89 Skills Introduction 90 Control and Supervision in Confined Open Water and Open Water 91 Discover Scuba Diving Leaders 92 PADI Seal Team – Conduct and Skill Recommendations 93 Overview 93 AquaMission Conduct and Technique Recommendations 95 PADI’s Guide to Teaching 5 Discover Snorkeling – Conduct and Recommendations 111 Overview 111 Discover Snorkeling Conduct and Technique Recommendations 113 TEACHING TECHNIQUES – GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 117 Care for the Environment 117 Dry Suit Orientation 117 Interruptions in Training 117 Knowledge Reviews 118 Learning Disabilities 118 Logging Dives 118 Medical Fitness for Diving 119 Physical Challenges/Disabilities 120 Referrals 122 Surface Marker Buoys 123 TEACHING TECHNIQUES – ORGANIZATION 127 Certified Assistants 127 Linking Courses 127 Multiple-level Training 128 PHILOSOPHY AND APPROACH 131 Professional Association of Diving Instructors 132 The PADI System of Diver Education 137 Legal Responsibility and Risk Management 140 Quality Management, Assurance and Recognition 147 References 155 PADI Retail and Resort Associations Membership Descriptions 155 Affective Instruction article 159 Child Protection Guidelines 164 ISO Standards and PADI Courses 170 Introduction 6 MEMBERSHIP PROCEDURES 173 Requesting Certification Cards 174 PIC Procedures 174 Application Procedures 177 INSTRUCTOR DEVELOPMENT 179 SWOT Analysis 181 Instructor Examination (IE) 183 Diver Acquisition Marketing Plan 185 Continuing Education Marketing Plan 186 Knowledge Development Diagnostic 187 Guidelines for Preparing Knowledge Development Teaching Presentations 191 4 Es Counseling Workshop - 1 195 4 Es Counseling Workshop - 2 196 Confined aterW Skills Management and Environment 197 Adaptive Teaching 200 Commonly Encountered Problems 202 Guidelines for Preparing Confined aterW Teaching Presentations 209 Open Water Dive Management 212 Guidelines for Preparing Open Water Teaching Presentations 213 Prepare to Teach an Open Water Diver Course 217 Prepare to Teach an Adventures in Diving Program 218 PADI’s Guide to Teaching 7 Introduction 8 Teaching Techniques Conduct and Skill Recommendations PADI’s Guide to Teaching 9 Conduct and Skill Recommendations This section includes techniques and recommendations you can use to help your student divers meet PADI courses skill performance requirements. Because there may be several techniques you can use to accomplish a performance requirement, these are suggestions to help your student divers meet their goals. Use creativity and your own teaching preferences to guide divers. These recommendations directly support (but do not include all of) the PADI Diver course standards in the PADI Instructor Manual. For this reason, it’s important that you reference the PADI Instructor Manual for the specific course performance requirements. Teaching Techniques 10 Open Water Diver Course Conduct and Skill Recommendations The PADI Open Water Diver course teaches student divers the foundational knowledge and skills they need to dive with a buddy, independent of supervision. Your primary objective is to put safety first — the safety of your student divers, staff and your own safety in the planning, organization and conduct of the course. OVERVIEW — CONFINED WATER DIVES In confined water, student divers apply what they’ve learned through knowledge development by practicing basic dive skills in a relatively controlled environment. When teaching in confined water, create a fun and exciting experience that keeps motivation and enthusiasm high. Confined water dives open the door to the fun your divers signed up for and set the stage for future learning. Confined water is where divers begin developing their confidence as well as their competence. Open Water Diver course skills are sequenced from simple to more complex. As you introduce skills, be aware of diver motivation and readiness and allow for repetition and practice until skills are mastered. General Suggestions Since the goal of confined water dives is to provide the skills base for making the transition to open water dives, simulate open water diving as much as possible throughout confined water sessions. 1. Make it fun. Student divers learn better, learn faster, face challenges with more enthusiasm and become comfortable with diving quickly if they have fun. How you accomplish this depends on your personal style. Humor, good-natured games and similar methods make learning entertaining as well as relevant. Simple ideas motivate divers, such as giving them snapshot cameras to play with during “minidives” or having someone not involved in training video their confined water dives to watch afterward. 2. Tell student divers you’re helping them learn open water dive habits. By focusing on this goal, it’s easier to actively take part in learning. Statements such as “the ocean isn’t as flat and calm as this, so let’s make a habit of keeping our masks on and our snorkels in our mouth” benefit learning much more than simple instructions to keep masks on and snorkels in. Also, as divers gain buoyancy control, begin to introduce and practice skills in mid-water or while divers gently rest on fins tips, instead of kneeling stationary on the bottom. This adds realism, builds confidence and creates good dive habits. PADI’s Guide to Teaching