Species Composition and Forest Structure of Monte Sano Park, Huntsville, Alabama

SPECIES COMPOSITION AND FOREST STRUCTURE OF MONTE SANO PARK, HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA

CHRISTOPHER LALIBERTE

A THESIS

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in The Department of Biology to The School of Graduate Studies of The University of Alabama in Huntsville

HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA 2013

In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirement s for a master 's degree from The University of Alabama in Huntsville, I agree that the Library of this University shall make it freely available for inspection . I further agree that permission for extensive copying for scholarly purposes may be granted by my advisor or, in his/her absence, by the Chair of the Department or the Dean of the School of Graduate Studies. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to The University of Alabama in Huntsville in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in this thesis.

(student signature) (date)

THESIS APPROVAL FORM

Submitted by Christopher Laliberte in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences and accepted on behalf of the Faculty of the School of Graduate Studies by the thesis committee.

We, the undersigned members of the Graduate Faculty of The University of Alabama in Huntsville, certify that we have advised and/or supervised the candidate on the work described in this thesis. We further certify that we have reviewed the thesis manuscript and approve it in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences.

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ABSTRACT

The School of Graduate Studies The University of Alabama in Huntsville

Degree__Master of Science ______College/Dept Biological Sciences______

Name of Candidate__Christopher Laliberte______Title Species Composition and Forest Structure of Monte Sano Park, Huntsville, ______Alabama______

Monte Sano State Park lies on the edge of the Cumberland Plateau in northern

Alabama. The forest is an oak-hickory forest on the tabletop of Monte Sano Mountain, but grades into mixed mesophytic forest along the mid-to-lower escarpment. The landscape was delineated into five categories based on underlying bedrock strata.

Several measurements were used to analyze the species composition, diameter breast height (DBH) size class structure, and to determine if discrete communities of trees were present. Species composition varied and was a continuum and the forest was diverse by temperate standards. There were some differences in stand structure in the forest on different bedrock strata, as determined by comparisons of DBH size distributions; however, there were no distinct species associations in the forest. This study provides baseline data on species composition and forest structure for a protected and understudied forest in Madison County, Alabama.

Acknowledgments

There are several people without whom the thesis presented here would not be possible. I would like to thank Dr. Robert Lawton who accepted me into the Biology

Department, who guided me though this journey, and without his tireless guidance and advice this project would not be possible. I would like to thank Dr. Callie Schweitzer and her team at the United States Forest Service for their critical assistance and knowledge of the forest and how to identify trees and collect scientific data. I would like to thank

Dr. Robert Griffin for his advice in all things GIS.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Table of Contents ...... vi List of Figures ...... vii List of Tables ...... ix Chapter 1 ...... 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 Chapter 2 ...... 5 LITERATURE REVIEW ...... 5 Chapter 3 ...... 11 METHODS ...... 11 Chapter 4 ...... 19 RESULTS ...... 19 Chapter 5 ...... 46 DISCUSSION ...... 46 Appendix ...... 59 A. Supporting Data ...... 59 B. Raw Data ...... 61 REFERENCES ...... 99

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

1.1. Physiographic provinces of the Appalachian Region (Fenneman and Johnson, 1946) …………………………………………………………………………2

4.1. Suveyed and removed plots color coded by geological bedrock categories within the study area, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama…………………...………21

4.9. Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index calculated by stems ha-1 for all surveyed plots across Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama …………………………………………………………………………………………33

4.11. Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index calculated by basal area for all surveyed plots across Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama ………………………………………..35

4.14. Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling ordination results for all tree species across all plots, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama ………..…………………………………………………………………….…………40

4.15. Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling ordination results for all tree species for plots on the Pottsville sandstone formation, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama ……………………………………………………………………………..………….41

4.16. Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling ordination results for all tree species for plots on the Pennington formation, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama………………..………………………………………………………42

4.17. Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling ordination results for all tree species for plots on the Bangor formation, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama ………………………………….………………..………………….43

4.18. Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling ordination results for all tree species for plots on the Hartselle formation, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama ..……………………………………………………….…………….44

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4.19. Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling ordination results for all tree species for plots on the Monteagle formation, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama …………….………………………………………………………..…………………45

A.1 Mean (central bar), median (dot), standard deviation (box), and range (dotted vertical line) for diversity in regards to stems >5.0cm DBH ha-1 for geological bedrock categories within Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama………………………………………………………………………………………….59

A.2. Mean (central bar), median (dot), standard deviation (box), and range (dotted vertical line) for diversity in regards to stems >5.0cm DBH ha-1 for geological bedrock categories within Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama .…………………………………………………………………….………………….60

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LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

3.1. Size classes and their corresponding DBH ranges in cm, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville Alabama ………………………………………………..……………………………….18

4.2. Percent Basal Area, Percent Stems ha-1 and Relative Importance Value for all species for all plots, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama ….……………………………………………………………………………………..22

4.3. Mean basal area in m2 ha-1 and mean stems ha-1 with standard deviation (std), Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama ...... 23

4.4. Percent basal area, percent stems ha-1 and relative importance value for all species for plots located on the Pottsville sandstone formation, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama ……………..….…………………………………25

4.5. Percent basal area, percent stems ha-1 and relative importance value for all species for plots located on the Pennington formation, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama …………………………….…………………………………27

4.6. Percent basal area, percent stems ha-1 and relative importance value for all species for plots located on the Bangor formation, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama …………………………….…………………………………………28

4.7. Percent basal area, percent stems ha-1 and relative importance value for all species for plots located on the Hartselle formation, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama ………………………………….………………………..………….29

4.8. Percent basal area, percent stems ha-1 and relative importance value for all species for plots located on Monteagle formation, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama ……………………….………………………………………30

4.10. Diversity, richness and evenness for each geological bedrock category with the per plot mean diversity and standard deviation of diversity calculated using the stems ha-1 for each geological bedrock category, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama ……………………………………………………34

4.12. Diversity, richness and evenness for each geological bedrock categories with the per plot mean diversity and standard deviation of diversity calculated using the basal area, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama ……………………………………………………………………………………………36

4.13. Kolmogorov-Smirnov comparisons between geological bedrock categories of the size class distributions of all species, chestnut oak, and sugar maple, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama …………………………………………………………………………………...……39

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

The forests of the Cumberland Plateau are among the most diverse of the world’s temperate-zone forests. The Cumberland Plateau is an extremely varied landscape that consists of mountains, deeply incised stream valleys, broad floodplains, steep to rolling hills, and a tabletop land surface with minimal relief (Hart and Grissino-

Mayer, 2008). The Cumberland Plateau, part of the Appalachian Plateau physiographic province (Rosson, 2008), extends southwestward for 725 km (450 miles) from southern

West Virginia to northern Alabama (Figure 1.1.). The plateau is 65 to 80 km (40 to 50 miles) wide and lies between the Appalachian Ridge and Valley region to the east and the rolling plains to the west (Braun, 1950). In Alabama, the Cumberland Plateau occupies approximately 15% of the state. The plateau extends 217 km (135 miles) south of the Tennessee Alabama border. In Alabama, it is elongated toward the southwest and occurs in a roughly northeast-oriented rectangular area in the central and northeastern region of the state. It is bordered by the Highland Rim section to the north and the Valley and Ridge province to the southeast (Fenneman, 1938). The mid-plateau region of the Cumberland Plateau that is located in Alabama lies north and west of the

Tennessee River (Fenneman 1938).

Figure 1.1. Physiographic provinces of the Appalachian Region (Fenneman and Johnson, 1946)

Forest composition and species distribution in forest communities on the

Cumberland Plateau are affected by several factors. Slope aspect affects the amount of solar radiation received and influences local microclimates (Geiger, 1961). North and east facing slopes will, in general, be cooler and wetter than south and west facing slopes (Smalley, 1982). In addition, the underlying bedrock strata, gradient of slope, and length of slope affect soil composition and moisture content (Hinkle, 1989).

Disturbances such as fire, weather, disease, and anthropogenic activities, such as logging and farming, have and will continue to influence the composition of forest communities (Hinkle, 1989).

The portion of the Cumberland Plateau that extends into Alabama is known as the cliff section (Braun, 1950). Ecologically this area is of great importance due to the occurrence of endemic species, many of which are uncommon in the southern regions of the Plateau (Mohr, 1901), and species with disjunct distributions between different forest types. The steep canyons provide a cooler microhabitat leading some biologists to believe that some of the forest species that prefer cool, moist conditions are remnants of populations left from the end of the last Ice Age (Lacefield, 2000). In the early twentieth century, the rocky slopes of the plateau in the Tennessee Valley lacked conspicuous pine stands, and the slopes of some valleys between the plateaus contained original growth mesophytic forests (Mohr, 1901). In the mid-twentieth century, the Cumberland Plateau in north Alabama and adjacent Tennessee supported both dry upland oak forests and pine stands on the cap of the plateau, with a transition to mixed mesophytic forest on the lower valley slopes which contained a variety of

3 species including oaks, hickories, magnolias, beech, maples, basswood and yellow poplar, and in poorly drained areas beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) and sweetgum

(Liquidambar styraciflua L.) were present (Braun, 1950). The most prevalent species documented by Braun (1950) were white oak (Quercus alba L.), chestnut oak (Quercus prinus L.), scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea Muenchh.), Spanish oak (Quercus falcata

Michx), post oak (Quercus stellata Wangenh.), northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.), pignut hickory (Carya glabra (P.Mill) Sweet), mockernut hickory (Carya tomentosa (Poir.)

Nutt.), blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica Marsh.), sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum (L.) DC.), persimmon (Diospyros virginiana L.), flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.), shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.), and eastern red cedar (Pinus virginiana L.).

The goal of this study is to examine forest community structure on the western edge of the mid-plateau region of the Cumberland Plateau of north Alabama, specifically the Monte Sano State Park area in Huntsville, Alabama. The objectives of this study are:

1) to survey and document the woody flora component to determine if the composition is a mosaic or continuum; 2) to document the spatial distribution of the dominant woody tree species across Monte Sano State Park; 3) to assess the relationship of tree size class distribution to landscape-level characteristics; 4) to assess the distribution across the landscape of distinct forest communities, if they exist; and, 5) to quantify tree diversity and compare diversity across the landscape.

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

Ecological research on the structure and composition of the forests of the southern Cumberland Plateau prior to the 1980s is limited; and, few scientific studies have been done on Monte Sano Mountain, Huntsville, Alabama. Mohr (1901) was the first to describe the flora of the southern region of the Cumberland Plateau. His book is a botanical document with observations on what species are present and descriptions of general community associations along with related gross topographical features, microclimates, and their perceived effects on species distributions. These descriptions provide a foundation for ecological studies that focus on forest communities and structure in the southern region of the Cumberland Plateau.

Braun (1950) documented the eastern deciduous forests of North America.

Based on twenty-five years of study, Braun provided a descriptive portrait of the forest present. Central to her presentation was a forest type she termed mixed mesophytic

(Rosson, 2008), a complex forest association dominated by several determinate species.

She attempted to develop a historical overview of forest development across geologic time and to reconstruct the original forests patterns based on remaining fragmented forest patches. Braun used Mohr’s work as her primary reference for her findings in

Alabama.

Hinkle (1989) examined species occurrences, forest community associations, and their relationships to topographical features such as ridges and escarpments. His study included multiple sites on the mid-Cumberland Plateau from northern to southern

Tennessee. He reported that Braun (1950), while being the most cited reference on the vegetation of the Cumberland Plateau, was wrong on a number of points. For example, his findings did not agree with Braun’s assessment that the poorly drained swales of

Tennessee were similar to those in Kentucky. Hinkle (1989) did not find pin oak

(Quercus palustris Muenchh.) in Tennessee as Braun (1950) suggested; instead he found the poorly drained swales were dominated by pure red maple stands, red maple-river birch-holly communities, or red maple-white oak-black gum communities. Furthermore, he classified the Tennessee plateau uplands as mixed oak forest, in conflict with Braun’s classification of these areas as oak-hickory forest, because he found a low importance value for hickory species on the tabletop of the plateau. Hinkle (1989) concluded that the Cumberland Plateau region as a whole should be classified as a mixed oak forest with Braun’s mixed mesophytic forest classification being restricted to rich protected sites such as coves and deep ravines.

Since the work of Mohr (1901) and Braun (1950) a few forest composition studies have focused directly on the Monte Sano Mountain region. Although there has been a wide body of work (DeSelm and Sherman, 1982; Smalley, 1982; Hinkle, 1989;

Oswald et al., 1996; Talley et al., 1996; Hart and Grissino-Mayer, 2008; Stephens et al.,

2008; Rosson, 2008; Reid et al.,2008; Wang et al., 2010; Schweitzer and Janzen, 2012) in Kentucky, Tennessee, the southern Cumberland Plateau and the Highland Rim forest

6 ecologists have largely ignored the region surrounding Monte Sano Mountain. Talley et al. (1996) examined the Cold Spring area on the uppermost north facing slope of Monte

Sano with an interest in the host preferences of poison ivy (Rhus radicans L.). The forest of Cold Spring appear to be a late successional or mature mixed mesophytic forest.

While this study provides a base line for species composition and size class distribution, the data is limited to one specific 1.2ha site on the escarpment. Oswald et al. (1996) examined Monte Sano State Park species composition and stand characteristics with a focus on eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana L.). The study results included data from Redstone Arsenal, Huntsville, Alabama and the Sipsey Wilderness in Bankhead

National Forest, Alabama. Forty-four plots in total were used across these three study sites. Fourteen plots of 0.2ha were examined in Monte Sano State Park. Due to the fact that eastern red cedar prefers edaphically xeric sites (Oswald, 1996), this study did not consider the more mesic sites within Monte Sano State Park. They found that basswood

(Tilia americana L.) and American elm (Ulmus americana L.) grow more commonly with eastern red cedar; and, that black maple (Acer nigrum Michx. f.), sugar maple (Acer saccharum L.), yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.), and cucumber magnolia

(Magnolia acuminata L.) grow more commonly without eastern red cedar. Various oak and hickories showed no preference to presence or absence of eastern red cedar.

Forest composition on Monte Sano Mountain is more closely related to that of more northern regions (Mohr, 1901; Braun, 1950; Lacefield, 2006). Rosson (2008) examined the current forest conditions within the Appalachian Plateau Province of

Kentucky. He calculated basal area and stems ha1 by species and for the forest as a

7 whole. He mapped out 6,116 plots and using a reduction process selected 186 plots with a quadratic mean trunk diameter at breast height of ≥ 30cm DBH. The plots were clustered in groups of four with each sub-plot measuring 0.017ha. He assessed species evenness using the McIntosh Index. He classified forest communities based on basal area ranking, and concluded that the overall basal area of the current forest was on the lower end for older mature stands of mixed mesophytic forests.

Hart and Grissino-Mayer (2008) examined species composition, stand structure, the chronology of oak establishment, and radial growth patterns in individual oaks on the Cumberland Plateau of north-central Tennessee with the main goal of examining stand regeneration processes after a community level disturbance. They selected a mixed mesophytic forest community along the mid-slope position of the plateau escarpment at the Pogue Creek Natural Area, Tennessee. This area was chosen because it was logged heavily until the 1920s. The survey was carried out using randomly placed transects across the study area; slope aspect was not a consideration for the study.

They calculated the relative basal area, relative stems ha-1, diversity using the Shannon-

Weiner Diversity Index, and DBH size class distribution. They found a mid-aged forest stand which they classified as an oak-hickory dominated forest community. They found that the forest was dominated by shagbark hickory (Carya ovata (Mill.) K.Koch), northern red oak, white oak, and chestnut oak. The diversity (H’) of the tree layer which they defined as individuals ≥5cm DBH was 2.57 with a species richness (S) of 30, and an evenness (J’) of 0.75. Overall basal area was 29. 43 m2 ha-1 and there were 630 stems ha-1.

Reid et al. (2008) examined what species composition changes occurred during a ten year time period at two adjacent sites located on the southern edge of the

Cumberland Plateau in Thumping Dick Hollow (Dicks Cove), Tennessee. Half the upland sites selected had been last logged in 1976; the other half of the upland sites had not been logged in the last fifty years. The cove sites had not been logged within the last hundred years. Sampling was done in 1995 and 2005. Sixteen paired plots were selected randomly along four transects, two in the cove, two on the plateau. The paired plots were of a nested design with three decreasing area sizes which were 0.1ha

(sampled the canopy layer), 0.05ha (sampled the mid-story layer), and 0.001ha

(sampled the understory layer). Reid et al. (2008) calculated stems ha-1, DBH size class distribution, and used nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination as measures of change between the two forest communities. They reported a general decline in oak species abundance and an increase in sugar maple abundance.

Schweitzer and Janzen (2012) focused on the relationship among oak density and ecology, physical and soil indicators at Blue Spring, Jackson County, Alabama. The study plots were located on the escarpments. They found that oak basal area increased as competitors with similar tolerance characteristics, such as hickory, decreased, and increased as yellow-poplar and other intolerant species decreased. In related studies,

Schweitzer (2007, 2010), and Schweitzer and Dey (2011, 2013) assessed the impact of forest management on the species composition and forest structure of both

Cumberland Plateau escarpment and tabletop sites. These studies showed that

9 forested sites on the Cumberland Plateau are species rich, dominated by oak on the tabletops with a mix that is not oak-dominated on the escarpment.

DeSelm and Sherman (1977) studied forest composition of Cumberland Plateau in Savage, Gulf, Tennessee. They studied logged and unlogged forest on north and south facing slopes. They used the Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index as a measure to compare forest communities. They grouped their study sites based on whether the forest community had or had not been logged and its slope position (upper slope, upper-middle slope, lower-middle slope, and lower slope). They found that species richness and diversity increase at lower slope positions suggesting higher vegetation diversity occurred on the mesic portion of the moisture gradient.

CHAPTER 3

METHODS

The study area was located within Monte Sano State Park (Park). The Park is located on Monte Sano Mountain in Huntsville, Alabama at 34.7400° N, 86.5100° W.

Monte Sano Mountain is geomorphologically a mesa dissected off the southwestern edge of the Cumberland Plateau by the Flint River (Talley et al., 1996). Elevations on

Monte Sano Mountain range from 215m to 503m above sea level. The stratigraphic geology of Monte Sano is simple; strata lie almost horizontally with a slight dip to the southwest and are made up of Pottsville sandstone formation, Pennington formation

(mudstones and shale), Bangor limestone, Hartselle sandstone, and Monteagle limestone. The Pottsville sandstone formation received the sediment that formed it mostly from plate collisions during the Mississippian/Pennsylvanian time period

(Lacefield, 2000). Today, on Monte Sano, the Pottsville sandstone formation caps the mesa at elevations between 471-503m. The Pennington formation of mudstones and shale was laid down during the Pennsylvanian time period from eroded material that originated from the uplands that laid to the northeast (Lacefield, 2000). Today, on

Monte Sano, the Pennington formation is at elevations between 403-471m. The Bangor limestone formation was deposited late in the Mississippian time period when sea levels rose again and a marine transgression took place (Lacefield, 2000). Today, on Monte

Sano, the Bangor formation consists of approximately 2-15m thick limestone strata at elevations between 304-403m. The Monteagle limestone formation was formed from carbonate sediments produced by sea creatures in the Tethys Seaway (Lacefield, 2000).

Today, on Monte Sano, the Monteagle formation lays at elevations between 215-304m.

Between the Bangor formation and the Monteagle formation lies an intermittent layer of sandstone belonging to the Hartselle sandstone formation with a maximum thickness of 2m (Osborn, 2013). The Hartselle sandstone formation was formed from a barrier island complex that fringed the coast line of Alabama in the late Mississippian time period (Lacefield, 2000).

The top of the Monte Sano plateau, with a maximum elevation of approximately

503m above sea level, is a gently rolling low hills landscape covered by a dry oak forest

(Braun, 1950). Most of the soils on the plateau top are Hartselle sandy loam derived from the Pottsville sandstone cap (Soil Survey Staff, 2013). The Hartselle soil is acidic

(pH = 4.6 to 6.2) with a soil depth of approximately 82cm to 121cm. The available water content in cm of water per cm of soil ranges from 0.14 to 0.19 (Soil Survey Staff, 2013).

Much of the park infrastructure lies within this area. The sides of Monte Sano are steeply terraced with bluff lines encircling the plateau top. At the base of the Pottsville sandstone bluff line where the Pennington formation is located is a thin band of discontinuous Muskingum sandy loam. This soil is also acidic (pH = 5.5) with a soil depth of approximately 52cm. The available water content in cm of water per cm of soil is

0.08 (Soil Survey Staff, 2013). At the base of each of these bluff lines is colluvial debris that has eroded from the bluff above. Cutting down the sides of the plateau are deep

12 gullies and ravines that have been eroded over time. The escarpment soils are classified as Rockland with limestone parent material that has a neutral pH. The average soil depth is approximately 35cm. The available water content in cm of water per cm of soil is approximately 0.13 (Soil Survey Staff, 2013). Dotted throughout Monte Sano are numerous caves in the limestone bedrock.

While the forest of the region has been classified as mixed mesophytic forest,

Monte Sano is composed of two forest types which are dry oak-hickory and mixed mesophytic (Braun, 1950). Monte Sano State Park is 866 ha with forest composed of sugar maple, oak, hickory, and a variety of other tree species (Braun, 1950). There are only a few major recorded anthropogenic disturbances to the Park. During the mid to late 1800s two families built large homes with out-buildings on the plateau near

O’Shaughnessy Point. In the late 1800s a hotel was built on the bluff overlooking

Huntsville, Alabama. Tourist trails were established to many local springs and landmarks within the area now encompassed by Monte Sano State Park. However, by the early 1900s all the structures had been either removed or burned down. The only remaining anthropogenic influence from that time period is an expanded pond at the site of the O’Shaughnessy homestead. It seems likely that logging in the 1800s removed valuable timber from the accessible areas, but the forest descriptions of Mohr (1901) suggest the forest on the escarpment slopes was largely intact. Mohr (1901) does mention the extensive logging of cedar in the late 1800s in the Tennessee Valley for the outdoor furniture and pencil industries. However, records for the type of logging, amount of trees removed, and type of trees removed either no longer exist or are

13 unavailable. The only visible signs of logging are old cedar stumps in some areas. Other disturbed areas that were encountered during the Park survey included a few old road beds, power line poles, and cleared right-of-ways.

The forests that cloak the slopes of Monte Sano State Park appear to have the composition as described by Mohr (1901) and Braun (1950). Today, some areas of the escarpments appear to harbor mature or older-growth trees, with standing dead trees and logs at all stages of decomposition on the forest floor. While there are a multitude of definitions for old growth forests, Leverett (1996) suggested a six part definition which states that 50% of the canopy trees have lived more than half their expected their lifespan, a few trees are near the maximum age for the species, there is no recorded or discernible signs of anthropogenic disturbances, there is a late successional species composition, there is the structure and a set of characteristics for a mature forest, and there is a minimum stand size of two to four ha. Much of the forest sampled appears to meet these criteria.

In order to achieve a comprehensive survey that would cover the majority of the diverse terrain in Monte Sano State Park, a grid layout for the sample plots was chosen over a random sampling method. Random sampling would have resulted in large areas of no sampling due to its inherent nature of clustering. A grid layout permitted a consistent approach to the site survey and made the logistics and access to plots more efficient.

I used the software package ArcGIS 10.1 (ArcMap 10.1, Esri, Build 3035 (2012)) to determine the plot locations. Sixteen maps with topographic lines at two foot

14 intervals were loaded and merged using the Merge function. A layer file of the boundaries of the Park was created from several sub-boundary shapefiles of Monte

Sano State Park provided by Scott Stevens (Geospatial Specialist, NASA, Huntsville,

Alabama). The Monte Sano State Park boundary layer was used to cut out the shape of the park from the merged two foot topographic maps using the Clip function. A digital elevation model (DEM) was created from the clipped topographic map using the

Convert Topo-to-Dem function. A fishnet (a net of rectangle cells laid over a shape or layer file) was created to overlay Monte Sano State Park. The centroid of each fishnet square was calculated using the Calculate Centrum function; the centrum point was used as the center for each plot location. Twenty-five fishnets were created using this method before I arrived at an acceptable distribution of centroid points. The final distances between the plots were a north-south distance of 255m and an east-west distance of 225m creating 161 plots within the study area. Each plot was circular and

0.04 ha in size.

Plot centers were located in the field with a GPS unit (Trimble GeoXT 2008 Series

GPS). Each plot was a circular, fixed radius plot with an 11.3m (37.2ft). .The plot center was marked with a steel nail and colored flagging. A Haglof DME (Distance Measuring

Device, Haglof, Sweden) model type 201 Cruiser was used to assist in delineating the plot boundaries. The DME was placed at the plot center and a distance was obtained to each tree that was questionable within the plot to determine inclusion/exclusion in the survey.

Because some plots were located on areas of high anthropogenic disturbances such as maintained trails, mown grassy areas, or precipitous terrain, two rules were created to move the affected plots to more suitable locations. The first rule was to move the plot in the direction of least anthropogenic disturbance. The second rule was to stay within 25m of the original plot center. Approximately thirty plots were successfully moved to more suitable locations. We used these rules to maintain the grid pattern of the initial plot layout as much as possible. If we were unable to move a plot following the two rules, the plot was eliminated. Seven plots in disturbed areas were thusly eliminated. Six plots fell on bluff lines and cliff faces and were removed from the study due to inaccessibility. One plot was removed because it was dominated by an invasive species and one plot was removed because it was not located on Monte Sano

Mountain.

For each study plot, all trees >5.0cm DBH were identified to species and their

DBH recorded. Each study plot, using a DEM and a geological map in GIS, was categorized by its aspect and its underlying bedrock geology. Aspect categories were

North, South, East, and West. North was from 315-45 degrees. East was from 45 to 135 degrees. West was from 135 to 225 degrees. South was from 225 to 315 degrees. Each plot was assigned an aspect using ArcGIS 10.1. The bedrock categories for underlying geology were: the Pottsville sandstone formation, the Pennington formation, the

Bangor formation, the Hartselle formation, and the Monteagle formation (Lacefield,

2000). The geological bedrock categories were determined using Alabama Geologic

Survey Maps (Osborn, 2013) and an expert knowledge. These were also assigned by

ArcGIS 10.1.

To examine the composition of the forest, basal area and stems ha-1 were calculated for each geological bedrock category. The individual tree basal areas for each plot were totaled to calculate a plot basal area. Plot basal area was divided by 0.04 to convert the plot basal area to m2 ha-1. The m2 ha-1 for each plot were totaled together and then divided by the number of plots within each geological bedrock category to calculate the mean basal area for each geological bedrock category. To calculate stems ha-1, the number of individual trees on each plot was divided by 0.04 to convert the stem count for each plot to stems ha-1. The stems ha-1 value for each plot was then summed and divided by the number of plots in each geological bedrock category to get the mean density of trees >5.0cm DBH. Basal area and stems ha-1 allowed me to calculate percent basal area, percent stems ha-1, and relative importance value (the average of basal area and stems ha-1 for each individual tree species) for each tree species overall and within each geological bedrock category.

To examine the species diversity of the study area the Shannon-Weiner Diversity

Index (Pielou, 1977) was calculated after separating the plots into both geological bedrock categories (Pottsville sandstone formation, Pennington formation, Bangor formation, Hartselle formation, and Monteagle formation) and aspect categories (North,

South, East, and West). Two values were used to examine tree species diversity which were basal area m2 ha-1 and stems ha-1. To examine how DBH varied across the study area, the size class distributions for all trees in each bedrock category were tested

17 against each other using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test implemented in Excel (MS Office

10). There were ten size classes, the first starting at 5.0cm DBH and going to 15.9cm

DBH. Each subsequent size class had a range of 10.0cm DBH (Table 3.1.). In addition, a similar series of Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests was performed on size class distributions for sugar maple, which occurred in 70% of all plots and was the most abundant species by stem count; and chestnut oak, which was the most prominent species by basal area.

Finally, to examine patterns of species co-occurrence and how they were related across the geological bedrock categories, a presence - absence matrix with the species and the plots they were located in was used for each geological bedrock category. The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) method of ordination was performed using the Vegan package within the R statistic program (Oksanen et.al. 2012). NMDS uses the

Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index to examine species co-occurrence. The vertical and horizontal axes of the ordination graph are scaled in semi-metric dissimilarity values

(Oksanen et.al., 2012).

Table 3.1. Size classes and their corresponding DBH ranges in cm, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama.

Size Class 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 DBH (cm) 5-15.9 16-25.9 26-35.9 36-45.9 46-55.9 56-65.9 66-75.9 76-85.9 86-95.9 96+

CHAPTER 4

RESULTS

A total of 4,079 trees were sampled across 146 plots. Of 161 plots selected, fifteen plots were removed from the survey (Figure 4.1.) based on the two previously stated rules. Twenty-two plots supporting 600 trees were located on the Pottsville sandstone formation. Sixteen plots with 394 trees were located on the Pennington formation. Eighty-two plots supporting 2,313 trees were located on the Bangor formation. Twelve plots supporting 364 trees were located on the Hartselle formation.

Fourteen plots supporting 408 trees were located on Monteagle formation. Twenty- four plots supporting 632 trees were on north facing slope aspects. Twenty-nine plots supporting 908 trees were on south facing slopes aspects. Fifty-six plots supporting

1,445 trees were on the east facing slope aspects. Thirty-seven plots support 1,094 tree were on west facing slope aspects.

The mean basal area for the overall study area was 28.8m2 ha-1 (st.dev. = 1.022) and the mean number of trees with >5.0cm DBH ha-1 was 698 (st.dev. = 22.580).

Considering all plots surveyed the five species with the highest percent basal area were chestnut oak (16.5%), northern red oak (11.1%), white oak (11.1%), shagbark hickory

(8.2%), and sugar maple (7.1%) (Table 4.2.). The five species accounting for largest percentages of stems >5.0cm DBH were sugar maple (19.1%), chestnut oak (8.6%),

19 shagbark hickory (6.8%), eastern red cedar (5.4%), and pignut hickory (4.8%) (Table

4.2.). The five species with the highest importance values were sugar maple (13.1), chestnut oak (12.5), northern red oak (7.9), white oak (7.6), and shagbark hickory (7.5)

(Table 4.2.). The Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (H’) for all plots surveyed calculated using stems ha-1 was 3.1, species richness (S) was 45, and evenness (J’) was 0.82. The

Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index for all plots surveyed calculated using basal area was

2.9, species richness (S) was 45, and evenness (J’) was 0.77.

For the plots located on the Pottsville sandstone formation the mean basal area was 33.1m2 ha-1 (st.dev. = 2.761) and the mean number of stems ha-1 was 682 (st.dev. =

38.301). For the plots located on the Pennington formation the mean basal area was

28.9m2 ha-1 (st.dev. = 1.852) and the mean number of stems ha-1 was 616 (st.dev. =

22.316). For the plots located on the Bangor formation the mean basal area was 29.4m2 ha-1 (st.dev. = 1.027) and mean number of stems ha-1 was 705 (st.dev. = 25.624). For the plots located on the Hartselle formation the mean basal area was 24.7m2 ha-1 (st.dev. =

1.069) and the mean number of stems ha-1 was 758 (st.dev. = 34.281). For the plots located on the Monteagle formation the mean basal area was 24.0m2 ha-1 (st.dev. =

16.244) and the mean number of stems ha-1 was 729 (st.dev. = 16.244) (Table 4.3.)

For the plots located on the Pottsville sandstone formation the five tree species with the highest percent basal area were chestnut oak (46.7%), white oak (9.5%), loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) (7.6%), pignut hickory (7.6%), and northern red oak (4.7%)

(Table 4.4.). The five tree species with the highest percent stems ha-1 were chestnut oak

(29.3%), blackgum (11.5%), shagbark hickory (9.0%), pignut hickory (8.2%), and sugar

Figure 4.1. Suveyed and removed plots color coded by geological bedrock categories within the study area, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama.

Table 4.2. Percent basal area, percent stems ha-1 and relative important for all species for all plots within Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama.

Percent Percent Relative Species Basal Area Stems per ha Importance Sugar Maple 7.1% 19.1% 13.1 Chestnut Oak 16.5% 8.6% 12.5 Northern Red Oak 11.1% 4.8% 7.9 White Oak 11.1% 4.2% 7.6 Shagbark Hickory 8.2% 6.8% 7.5 Pignut Hickory 6.5% 4.8% 5.7 Eastern Red Cedar 2.8% 5.4% 4.1 Mocker Nut Hickory 4.0% 2.7% 3.3 Ash 3.4% 3.3% 3.3 Chinkapin Oak 3.6% 2.7% 3.1 Basswood 2.5% 3.3% 2.9 Blackgum 1.5% 4.0% 2.8 Yellow Poplar 3.9% 1.6% 2.7 Winged Elm 0.8% 3.6% 2.2 Black Oak 3.5% 0.9% 2.2 Sassafras 1.3% 1.9% 1.6 Sweetgum 1.8% 1.4% 1.6 Eastern Redbud 0.5% 2.4% 1.4 Eastern Hophornbeam 0.3% 2.5% 1.4 Cucumber Magnolia 1.4% 1.4% 1.4 American Elm 0.8% 2.0% 1.4 Persimmon 0.8% 1.7% 1.3 Black Locust 1.4% 0.7% 1.0 Blackhaw 0.1% 1.6% 0.9 Smoketree 0.5% 1.2% 0.8 Loblolly Pine 1.3% 0.4% 0.8 Slippery Elm 0.4% 1.2% 0.8 Black Cherry 0.3% 1.0% 0.7 Post Oak 0.8% 0.5% 0.6 Flowering Dogwood 0.1% 1.0% 0.5 Sourwood 0.4% 0.6% 0.5 Yellow Buckeye 0.4% 0.4% 0.4 Hackberry 0.2% 0.6% 0.4 Black Walnut 0.4% 0.2% 0.3 Beech 0.2% 0.3% 0.2 Carolina Buckthorn 0.0% 0.3% 0.1 Serviceberry 0.0% 0.3% 0.1 Yellowwood 0.1% 0.2% 0.1 American Hophornbeam 0.0% 0.2% 0.1 Water Oak 0.2% 0.0% 0.1 Scarlet Oak 0.1% 0.0% 0.1 Paw-paw 0.0% 0.1% 0.0 Mulberry 0.0% 0.0% 0.0 American Chestnut 0.0% 0.0% 0.0 Vaccinium 0.0% 0.0% 0.0

Table 4.3. Mean basal area in m2 ha-1 and mean stems ha-1 with standard deviation (st.dev.) for the geological bedrock categories, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama.

Mean Mean -1 Basal Area St.dev. Stem >5.0cm DHB ha Std Pottsville 33.1 2.761 682 38.301 Pennington 28.9 1.852 616 22.316 Bangor 29.4 1.027 705 25.624 Hartselle 24.7 1.069 758 34.281 Monteagle 24.0 16.244 729 16.244

23 maple (7.7%) (Table 4.4.). The five tree species with the highest importance values were chestnut oak (38.0), pignut hickory (7.9), blackgum (7.3), white oak (7.1), and shagbark hickory (5.5) (Table 4.4.).

For the plots located on the Pennington formation the five tree species with the highest percent basal area were chestnut oak (31.8), northern red oak (17.4%), pignut hickory (7.0%), basswood (5.7%), and yellow poplar (5.5%) (Table 4.5.). The five tree species with the highest percent stems ha-1 were sugar maple (13.5%), chestnut oak

(12.9%), shagbark hickory (9.9%), basswood (7.4%), and pignut hickory (7.1%) (Table

4.5.). The five tree species with the highest importance values were chestnut oak (22.4), northern red oak (10.8), sugar maple (9.1), shagbark hickory (7.6), and pignut hickory

(7.1) (Table 4.5.).

For the plots located on the Bangor formation the five tree species with the highest percent basal area were white oak (14.3%), northern red oak (10,8%), shagbark hickory (9.5%), chestnut oak (8.7%), and sugar maple (8.2%) (Table 4.6.). The five tree species with the highest percent stems ha-1 were sugar maple (22.3%), shagbark hickory

(5.7%), eastern red cedar (5.4%), white oak (5.1%), and chestnut oak (4.9%) (Table 4.6.).

The five tree species with the highest importance values were sugar maple (15.2), white oak (9.7), northern red oak (7.8), shagbark hickory (7.6), and chestnut oak (5.0) (Table

4.6.).

For the plots located on the Hartselle formation the five tree species with the highest percent basal area were white oak (15.4%), shagbark hickory (13.5%), northern red oak (11.0%), sugar maple (10.1%), and eastern red cedar (7.1%) (Table 4.7.). The

Table 4.4. Percent basal area, percent stems ha-1 and relative importance value for all species for plots located on the Pottsville sandstone formation, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama.

Percent Percent Relative Species Basal Area Stems per ha Importance Chestnut Oak 46.70% 29.3% 38.0 Pignut Hickory 7.57% 8.2% 7.9 Blackgum 3.03% 11.5% 7.3 White Oak 9.51% 4.7% 7.1 Shagbark Hickory 2.00% 9.0% 5.5 Loblolly Pine 7.64% 2.5% 5.1 Sugar Maple 1.83% 7.7% 4.7 Mocker Nut Hickory 4.24% 4.7% 4.5 Northern Red Oak 4.69% 3.2% 3.9 Sweetgum 3.84% 3.3% 3.6 Winged Elm 0.79% 2.8% 1.8 Yellow Poplar 1.90% 1.5% 1.7 Black Oak 2.01% 1.3% 1.7 Sourwood 1.00% 1.5% 1.3 Black Locust 1.11% 0.8% 1.0 Persimmon 0.27% 1.2% 0.7 Black Cherry 0.13% 1.2% 0.6 Eastern Red Cedar 0.08% 0.8% 0.5 Slippery Elm 0.24% 0.7% 0.5 Chinkapin Oak 0.47% 0.3% 0.4 Eastern Redbud 0.07% 0.7% 0.4 Serviceberry 0.04% 0.7% 0.4 Ash 0.15% 0.5% 0.3 Scarlet Oak 0.40% 0.2% 0.3 Cucumber Magnolia 0.12% 0.3% 0.2 Hackberry 0.11% 0.3% 0.2 Flowering Dogwood 0.02% 0.3% 0.2 Basswood 0.01% 0.2% 0.1 Yellow Buckeye 0.01% 0.2% 0.1 Beech 0.01% 0.2% 0.1 Carolina Buckthorn 0.01% 0.2% 0.1 Vaccinium 0.01% 0.2% 0.1

25 five tree species with the highest percent stems ha-1 were sugar maple (23.9%), eastern red cedar (7.1%), blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium L.) (6.6%), shagbark hickory (6.3%), and white oak (6.0%) (Table 4.7.). The five tree species with the highest importance values were sugar maple (17.0), white oak (10.7), shagbark hickory (9.9), northern red oak (8.0), and eastern red cedar (7.1) (Table 4.7.).

For the plots on the Monteagle formation the five tree species with the highest percent basal area were northern red oak (17.9%), eastern red cedar (11.9%), shagbark hickory (11.8%), sugar maple (10.9%), and ash (Fraxinus americana L.) (10.2%) (Table

4.8.). The five tree species with the highest percent stems ha-1 were sugar maple

(18.6%), eastern red cedar (15.7%), ash (9.8%), shagbark hickory (7.4%), and chinkapin oak (Quercus muehlenbergii Emgelm.) (7.4%) (Table 4.8.). The five tree species with the highest importance values were sugar maple (14.7), eastern red cedar (13.8), northern red oak (12.5), ash (10.0), and shagbark hickory (9.6) (Table 4.8.).

The Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (H’) was used to examine diversity across the study area. Two different values were used to calculate diversity. The first value used was percent abundance calculated from the percent each tree species represents of the total stem count for each geological bedrock category. The second value used was percent basal area by tree species for each geological bedrock category.

The diversities calculated using percent of the total stem count as the measure of species abundance for the individual plots across the geological bedrock categories did not show any significant differences between the geological bedrock categories

Table 4.5. Percent basal area, percent stems ha-1 and relative importance value for all species for plots located on the Pennington formation, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama.

Percent Percent Relative Species Basal Area Stems per ha Importance Chestnut Oak 31.8% 12.9% 22.4 Northern Red Oak 17.4% 4.3% 10.8 Sugar Maple 4.7% 13.5% 9.1 Shagbark Hickory 5.2% 9.9% 7.6 Pignut Hickory 7.0% 7.1% 7.1 Basswood 5.7% 7.4% 6.5 Mocker Nut Hickory 5.3% 5.1% 5.2 Yellow Poplar 5.5% 4.1% 4.8 Sassafras 2.5% 6.6% 4.5 Blackgum 2.2% 2.8% 2.5 Slippery Elm 0.9% 3.6% 2.2 Black Cherry 1.1% 2.5% 1.8 Cucumber Magnolia 1.0% 2.3% 1.7 Eastern Redbud 0.7% 2.3% 1.5 Sourwood 1.3% 1.5% 1.4 American Elm 0.7% 1.8% 1.3 Black Locust 0.8% 1.5% 1.2 Sweetgum 0.3% 1.8% 1.1 Hackberry 0.8% 1.3% 1.1 Ash 1.1% 1.0% 1.0 Persimmon 0.7% 1.3% 1.0 Eastern Hophornbeam 0.2% 1.8% 1.0 White Oak 1.5% 0.5% 1.0 Winged Elm 0.1% 1.5% 0.8 Black Walnut 0.7% 0.3% 0.5 Chinkapin Oak 0.4% 0.5% 0.4 Eastern Red Cedar 0.1% 0.3% 0.2 Mulberry 0.1% 0.3% 0.2 American Chestnut 0.0% 0.3% 0.1 Black Oak 0.0% 0.3% 0.1

Table 4.6. Percent basal area, percent stems ha-1 and relative importance for all species for plots located on the Bangor formation, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama.

Percent Percent Relative Species Basal Area Stems per ha Importance Sugar Maple 8.2% 22.3% 15.2 White Oak 14.3% 5.1% 9.7 Northern Red Oak 10.8% 4.8% 7.8 Shagbark Hickory 9.5% 5.7% 7.6 Chestnut Oak 8.7% 4.9% 6.8 Pignut Hickory 6.2% 3.8% 5.0 Eastern Red Cedar 2.3% 5.4% 3.9 Chinkapin Oak 4.2% 3.0% 3.6 Mocker Nut Hickory 4.3% 2.6% 3.4 Yellow Poplar 5.0% 1.7% 3.4 Ash 3.5% 3.1% 3.3 Basswood 2.9% 3.7% 3.3 Black Oak 5.3% 1.1% 3.2 Winged Elm 1.0% 4.2% 2.6 Blackgum 1.2% 3.5% 2.4 Eastern Redbud 0.6% 3.3% 2.0 Sassafras 1.7% 2.0% 1.8 Eastern Hophornbeam 0.3% 2.9% 1.6 American Elm 0.8% 2.3% 1.6 Black Locust 1.9% 0.8% 1.4 Cucumber Magnolia 1.0% 1.6% 1.3 Sweetgum 1.7% 0.9% 1.3 Smoketree 0.7% 1.7% 1.2 Persimmon 0.5% 1.6% 1.0 Post Oak 1.2% 0.8% 1.0 Blackhaw 0.1% 1.5% 0.8 Flowering Dogwood 0.1% 1.2% 0.6 Slippery Elm 0.2% 1.0% 0.6 Black Cherry 0.2% 0.9% 0.6 Black Walnut 0.4% 0.3% 0.4 Hackberry 0.1% 0.6% 0.4 Yellow Buckeye 0.4% 0.3% 0.4 Sourwood 0.2% 0.3% 0.3 Carolina Buckthorn 0.0% 0.4% 0.2 Serviceberry 0.0% 0.3% 0.2 Yellowwood 0.1% 0.1% 0.1 Scarlet Oak 0.1% 0.0% 0.1 Paw-paw 0.0% 0.1% 0.1 Loblolly Pine 0.0% 0.0% 0.0 Mulberry 0.0% 0.0% 0.0

Table 4.7. Percent basal area, percent stems ha-1 and relative importance value for all species for plots located on the Hartselle formation, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama.

Percent Percent Relative Species Basal Area Stems per ha Importance Sugar Maple 10.1% 23.9% 17.0 White Oak 15.4% 6.0% 10.7 Shagbark Hickory 13.5% 6.3% 9.9 Northern Red Oak 11.0% 4.9% 8.0 Eastern Red Cedar 7.1% 7.1% 7.1 Pignut Hickory 6.3% 4.4% 5.4 Persimmon 4.7% 5.5% 5.1 Ash 6.0% 4.1% 5.1 Cucumber Magnolia 6.2% 1.4% 3.8 Blackhaw 0.9% 6.6% 3.7 Chinkapin Oak 4.6% 2.5% 3.6 American Elm 1.9% 3.8% 2.8 Sweetgum 1.5% 3.3% 2.4 Winged Elm 0.6% 4.1% 2.3 Basswood 1.5% 3.0% 2.3 Eastern Hophornbeam 0.5% 3.6% 2.0 Chestnut Oak 2.2% 1.4% 1.8 Sassafras 0.7% 1.9% 1.3 Flowering Dogwood 0.3% 1.9% 1.1 Black Oak 1.4% 0.3% 0.8 Mocker Nut Hickory 1.1% 0.3% 0.7 Yellow Buckeye 0.7% 0.5% 0.6 Black Cherry 0.7% 0.3% 0.5 Yellow Poplar 0.7% 0.3% 0.5 Blackgum 0.1% 0.8% 0.5 Eastern Redbud 0.1% 0.5% 0.3 Hackberry 0.1% 0.5% 0.3 Slippery Elm 0.0% 0.3% 0.2 Carolina Buckthorn 0.0% 0.3% 0.1

Table 4.8. Percent basal area, percent stems ha-1 and relative importance value for all species for plots located on the Monteagle formation, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama.

Percent Percent Relative Species Basal Area Stems per ha Importance Sugar Maple 10.9% 18.6% 14.7 Eastern Red Cedar 11.9% 15.7% 13.8 Northern Red Oak 17.9% 7.1% 12.5 Ash 10.2% 9.8% 10.0 Shagbark Hickory 11.8% 7.4% 9.6 Chinkapin Oak 8.6% 7.4% 8.0 Pignut Hickory 6.3% 3.4% 4.9 Beech 2.8% 2.5% 2.6 Eastern Hophornbeam 0.5% 3.7% 2.1 Basswood 1.6% 2.2% 1.9 Winged Elm 0.8% 2.7% 1.8 Smoketree 1.3% 2.2% 1.7 Cucumber Magnolia 2.5% 1.0% 1.7 Yellow Buckeye 1.6% 1.7% 1.6 American Elm 1.2% 1.5% 1.3 Blackhaw 0.2% 2.2% 1.2 Slippery Elm 1.5% 1.0% 1.2 Water Oak 2.1% 0.2% 1.2 American Hophornbeam 0.5% 1.7% 1.1 Chestnut Oak 1.1% 1.0% 1.0 Mocker Nut Hickory 1.2% 0.7% 1.0 Yellowwood 0.4% 1.5% 1.0 Eastern Redbud 0.2% 1.5% 0.8 White Oak 0.7% 0.7% 0.7 Post Oak 1.2% 0.2% 0.7 Persimmon 0.4% 0.7% 0.6 Flowering Dogwood 0.1% 1.0% 0.6 Black Walnut 0.5% 0.2% 0.4 Black Cherry 0.1% 0.5% 0.3

(Figure 4.9.; ANOVA F=0.989, df=4, 141, P=0.416). For the plots located on the Pottsville sandstone formation the diversity (H’) was 2.6, species richness (S) was 32, and evenness (J’) was 0.74; with a mean per plot diversity of 1.6 (st. dev. = 0.34). For the plots located on the Pennington formation H’ was 2.9, S was 30, and J’ was 0.86; with a mean per plot diversity of 1.8 (st. dev. = 0.48). For the plots located on the Bangor formation H’ was 3.1, S was 40, and J’ was 0.84; with a mean per plot diversity of 1.8 (st. dev. = 0.46). For the plots located on the Hartselle formation H’ was 2.8, S was 29, and

J’ was 0.83; with a mean per plot diversity of 1.9 (st. dev. = 0.42). For the plots located on the Monteagle formation H’ was 2.8, S was 29, and J’ was 0.82; with a mean per plot diversity of 1.9 (st. dev. = 0.37) (Table 4.10.).

The diversities calculated using species percent basal area in m2 ha-1 for the individual plots varied across the geological bedrock categories (Figure 4.11.; ANOVA

F=6.2, df=4, 141, P < 0.001). A Tukey Post Hoc test was used to determine where the differences occurred. Three significant differences were found between geological bedrock categories. The diversity of the forest on Pottsville sandstone formation-was less than that of the forest on the Pennington formation (p<0.005) and less than that of the forest on the Hartselle formation (p<0.005). The diversity of the forest on the

Bangor formation-was greater than that of the forest on the Pennington formation

(p<0.005).

For the plots located on the Pottsville sandstone formation the diversity (H’) was

2.1, species richness (S) was 32, and evenness (J’) was 0.59; with a mean per plot

31 diversity of 1.2 (st. dev. = 0.36). For the plots located on the Pennington formation H’ was 2.4, S was 30, and J’ was 0.71; with a mean per plot diversity of 1.8 (st. dev. = 0.48).

For the plots located on the Bangor formation H’ was 2.9, S was 40, and J’ was 0.79; with a mean per plot diversity of 1.4 (st. dev. = 0.38). For the plots located on the Hartselle formation H’ was 2.7, S was 29, and J’ was 0.80; with a mean per plot diversity of 1.7 (st. dev. = 0.29). For the plots on the Monteagle formation H’ was 2.6, S was 29, and J’ was

0.80; with a mean diversity of diversity was 1.5 (st. dev. = 0.29) (Table 4.12.).

Diversity varied greatly among plots within each geological bedrock category.

Plot H’ varied from a low of 0.4 on plot 18 located on the Pottsville sandstone formation to a high of 2.3 on plot 61 located on the Pennington formation and plot 91 located on the Bangor formation. This variation largely reflects the inability of 0.04ha plots individually to provide good estimates of diversity for broad environmental bedrock categories.

The physical structure of the forest does differ with regard to stem diameter among geological bedrock categories. The overall stem DBH size class distribution differed between the Pottsville sandstone formation and the Bangor formation according to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (KS = 16.8, d.f.=2, p<0.005). Trees are in general smaller within the Bangor formation in that 63% of individuals were <16.0cm

DBH compared to 53% of individuals on the Pottsville sandstone formation. Trees located on the Hartselle formation were also smaller than the trees located on the

Pottsville sandstone formation (KS = 11.1, d.f.=2, p<0.005). Within the Hartselle

Shannon Index (H’)

Figure 4.9. Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index calculated by stem ha-1 for all surveyed plots across Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama.

Table 4.10. Diversity, richness and evenness for each geological bedrock category with the per plot mean diversity and standard deviation of diversity calculated with the stem ha-1 for each geological bedrock category, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama.

Pottsville Pennington Bangor Hartselle Monteagle H' 2.6 2.9 3.1 3.8 2.8 S 32 30 40 29 29 J' 0.74 0.86 0.84 0.83 0.82 Mean/plot 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9

St.dev. 0.34 0.48 0.46 0.42 0.37

Figure 4.11. Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index calculated by basal area for all surveyed plots across Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama.

Table 4.12. Diversity, richness and evenness for each geological bedrock category with the per plot mean diversity and standard deviation of diversity calculated with the basal area, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama.

Pottsville Pennington Bangor Hartselle Monteagle H' 2.1 2.4 2.9 2.7 2.6 S 32 30 40 29 29 J' 0.59 0.71 0.79 0.8 0.8 Mean/plot 1.2 1.8 1.4 1.7 1.5

St.dev. 0.37 0.48 0.38 0.29 0.29

36 formation 80% of individuals were <25.0cm DBH compared to 73% of individuals on the

Pottsville sandstone formation (Table 4.13.). All other pairwise comparisons between size class distributions for the geological bedrock categories were statistically insignificant (Table 4.13.).

Stem size class distributions of the most abundant species by basal area

(chestnut oak) and stems ha-1 (sugar maple) varied little among geological bedrock categories. Chestnut oaks are larger on the Pottsville sandstone formation where 71% of stems are >16.0cm DBH, whereas on the Bangor formation only 46% are >16.0cm

DBH. All other chestnut oak pairwise comparisons between geological bedrock categories showed no significant differences. Sugar maples showed no significant difference in all pairwise comparisons between geological bedrock categories (Table

4.13.).

The ordination of all species across all plots showed a single clump of species point (Figure 4.14). There were 4 outliers which were water oak (Quercus nigra

Wangenh.), paw-paw (Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal), beech, and American chestnut

(Castanea dentata Sudw) (Figure 4.14.).

The Pottsville sandstone formation similarly showed a single cluster of species points with beech as the only conspicuous outlier (Figure 4.15.). The Pennington formation, also, showed a single cluster of species points with no apparent outliers

(Figure 4.16.). The Bangor formation showed a single clump of species points and six outliers were scarlet oak, paw-paw, loblolly pine, serviceberry (Amelanchier arborea

(Michx. f.) Fern), black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), and red mulberry (Morus rubra L.)

(Figure 4.17.). The Hartselle formation, also, showed a single cluster of species points with mockernut hickory the only outlier (Figure 4.18.). The Monteagle formation showed a clump of species points with two outliers beech and water oak (Figure 4.19.).

Table 4.13. Kolmogorov-Smirnov comparisons between geological bedrock categories of the size class distributions of all species, chestnut oak, and sugar maple, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama

Overall Chi^2 Values Monteagle Hartselle Bangor Pennington Pottsville Pottsville 5.072 (p>0.05) 11.086 (p<0.005) 16.858 (p<0.005) 3.638 (p>0.1) Pennington 0.021 (p>0.975) 4 (p>0.1) 4.436 (p>0.1) SC2/78.7-72.8 Bangor 5.065 (p>0.05) 2.019 (p>0.1) SC1/57.6-62.9 SC1/62.9-53.5 Hartselle 4.56 (p>0.1) SC3/91.2-87.2 SC1/64.6-57.6 SC2/80.2-72.8 Monteagle SC1/56.9-64.6 SC1/56.9-62.9 SC2/79.2-78.7 SC3/92.9-85.7

Sugar Maple Chi^2 Values Monteagle Hartselle Bangor Pennington Pottsville Pottsville 3.221 (p>0.1) 0.681 (p>0.1) 1.645 (p>0.1) 2.993 (p>0.1) Pennginton 0.477 (p>0.1) 1.294 (p>0.1) 1.1 (p<0.1) SC1/71.7-89.1 Bangor 1.26 (p>0.1) 0.164 (p>0.9) SC1/79.3-71.7 SC1/79.2-89.1 Hartselle 1.386 (p>0.1) SC1/81.6-79.2 SC1/81.6-71.7 SC1/81.6-89.1 Monteagle SC1/72.3-81.1 SC1/72.3-79.2 SC2/88.1-94.3 SC1/72.3-89.1

Chestnut Oak Chi^2 Values Monteagle Hartselle Bangor Pennington Pottsville Pottsville 1.023 (p>0.1) 5.063 (p>0.05) 15.485 (p<0.001) 3.415 (p>0.1) Pennginton 1.118 (p>0.1) 3.328 (P>0.1) 3.33 (p>0.1) SC4/74.5-89.2 Bangor 1.218 (p>0.1) 1.435 (p>0.1) SC1/52.6-37.3 SC1/52.6-29.0 Hartselle 2.689 (p>0.1) SC1/52.6-80 SC1/80.0-37.3 SC4/74.5-89.2 Monteagle SC1/25-80 SC3/100-71.9 SC3/100-72.5 SC1/80-29.0 Size Class 1 2 3 4 5 6 DBH 5-15.9 16-25.9 26-35.9 36-45.9 46-55.9 56-65.9

Legend Symbol Species Symbol Species Symbol Species Ac American chestnut Cm cucumber magnolia So scarlet oak Ae American elm Eh eastern hophornbeam Sb Serviceberry Ah American hophornbeam Erc eastern red cedar Sh shagbark hickory A ash Erb eastern redbud Se slippery elm Bw basswood Fd flowering dogwood St smoketree B beech H hackberry Sw sourwood Bc black cherry Lp loblolly pine Sm sugar maple Bl black locust Mh mockernut hickory Sg sweetgum Bo black oak M mulberry V vaccinium BLw black walnut Nro northern red oak Wo water oak Bg blackgum Pp paw-paw WHo white oak Bh blackhaw P persimmon We winged elm Cb carolina buckthorn Ph pignut hickory Yb yellow buckeye Co chestnut oak Po post oak Yp yellow poplar CHo chinkapin oak S sassafras Yw yellowood

Figure 4.14. Non-metric Multidimensional scaling ordination results for all tree species for all plots, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama.

Legend Symbol Species Symbol Species Symbol Species A ash Erc eastern red cedar Sh shagbark hickory Bw basswood Erb eastern redbud Se slippery elm B beech Fd flowering dogwood Sw sourwood Bc black cherry H hackberry Sm sugar maple Bl black locust Lp loblolly pine Sg sweetgum Bo black oak Mh mockernut hickory V vaccinium Bg blackgum Nro northern red oak WHo white oak Cb carolina buckthorn P persimmon We winged elm Co chestnut oak Ph pignut hickory Yb yellow buckeye CHo chinkapin oak So scarlet oak Yp yellow poplar Cm cucumber magnolia Sb Serviceberry

Figure 4.15. Non-metric Multidimensional scaling ordination results for all tree species for plots on the Pottsville sandstone formation, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama.

Legend Symbol Species Symbol Species Symbol Species Ac American chestnut CHo chinkapin oak Ph pignut hickory Ae American elm Cm cucumber magnolia S sassafras A ash Eh eastern hophornbeam Sh shagbark hickory Bw basswood Erc eastern red cedar Se slippery elm Bc black cherry Erb eastern redbud Sw sourwood Bl black locust H hackberry Sm sugar maple Bo black oak Mh mockernut hickory Sg sweetgum BLw black walnut M mulberry WHo white oak Bg blackgum Nro northern red oak We winged elm Co chestnut oak P persimmon Yp yellow poplar

Figure 4.16. Non-metric Multidimensional scaling ordination results for all tree species for plots on the Pennington formation, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama.

Legend Symbol Species Symbol Species Symbol Species Ae American elm Erc eastern red cedar So scarlet oak A ash Erb eastern redbud Sb Serviceberry Bw basswood Fd flowering dogwood Sh shagbark hickory Bc black cherry H hackberry Se slippery elm Bl black locust Lp loblolly pine St smoketree Bo black oak Mh mockernut hickory Sw sourwood BLw black walnut M mulberry Sm sugar maple Bg blackgum Nro northern red oak Sg sweetgum Bh blackhaw Pp paw-paw WHo white oak Cb carolina buckthorn P persimmon We winged elm Co chestnut oak Ph pignut hickory Yb yellow buckeye CHo chinkapin oak Po post oak Yp yellow poplar Cm cucumber magnolia S sassafras Yw yellowood Eh eastern hophornbeam

Figure 4.17. Non-metric Multidimensional scaling ordination results for all tree species for plots on the Bangor formation, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama.

Legend Symbol Species Symbol Species Symbol Species Ae American elm Cm cucumber magnolia S sassafras A ash Eh eastern hophornbeam Sh shagbark hickory Bw basswood Erc eastern red cedar Se slippery elm Bc black cherry Erb eastern redbud Sm sugar maple Bo black oak Fd flowering dogwood Sg sweetgum Bg blackgum H hackberry WHo white oak Bh blackhaw Mh mockernut hickory We winged elm Cb carolina buckthorn Nro northern red oak Yb yellow buckeye Co chestnut oak P persimmon Yp yellow poplar CHo chinkapin oak Ph pignut hickory

Figure 4.18. Non-metric Multidimensional scaling ordination results for all tree species for plots on the Hartselle formation, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama.

Legend Symbol Species Symbol Species Symbol Species Ae American elm Cm cucumber magnolia Sh shagbark hickory Ah American hophornbeam Eh eastern hophornbeam Se slippery elm A ash Erc eastern red cedar St smoketree A basswood Erb eastern redbud Sm sugar Maple B beech Fd flowering dogwood Wo water oak Bc black cherry Mh mockernut hickory WHo white oak BLw black walnut Nro northern red oak We winged elm Bh blackhaw P persimmon Yb yellow buckeye Co chestnut oak Ph pignut hickory Yp yellow poplar CHo chinkapin oak Po post oak Yw yellowood

Figure 4.19. Non-metric Multidimensional scaling ordination results for all tree species for plots on the Monteagle formation, Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama.

CHAPTER 5

DISCUSSION

Two forest types emerge from examination of the overall species composition of the forest in Monte Sano State Park. The undulating tabletop of Monte Sano, underlain by the sandstone of the Pottsville sandstone formation, and, to a lesser extent, the terraces and bluff lines underlain by the limestone and shale of the Pennington formation support forest dominated by chestnut oak and hickories. The sandstone of the Hartselle formation and the limestone of the Monteagle formation on the lower slopes of the escarpment support forest closer to the classic mixed mesophytic forest as described by Braun (1950). The limestone terraces of the Bangor formation, mid-slope on the escarpment support forest with transitional composition. The results presented here are largely in agreement with early accounts of forest composition and structure on the western edge of the southern Cumberland Plateau, although there seems little justification for distinguishing discrete forest communities in the area sampled.

Mohr (1901) commented on the near absence of pine in the eastern Tennessee

Valley of Alabama, dominance of chestnut oak on the rolling tabletop of the

Cumberland Plateau, forests with mesophile species with Ohio Valley affinities on north- facing slopes, and well-watered coves, and short-statured forests with eastern red cedar

46 and smoketree (Cotinus obovatus Raf.) on dry south and west facing ridges of the plateau escarpment.

Braun (1950) classified the Alabama Cumberland Plateau tabletops as an oak- chestnut forest. However, during the 1930s and 1940s chestnut blight was removing the American chestnut, which had made up approximately a quarter of the canopy trees, from the forest. She suggested that the extirpation of the American chestnut from the forest would competitively release the hickory species present. McCormick and Platt (1980) validated Braun’s hypothesis stating that hickory species would benefit the most from the extirpation of the American chestnut. Braun (1950) also noted more mesic conditions below the plateau tabletop, and described a mixed mesophytic forest downslope and in the valleys on the escarpment of the southern Cumberland Plateau.

Today, the forest shows a marked transition from oak-hickory forest on the tabletop and uppermost escarpment of the plateau to mixed mesophytic forest on well-watered sites on the lower escarpments.

On the Pottsville sandstone formation the five species with the highest relative importance are chestnut oak, pignut hickory, blackgum, white oak, and shagbark hickory. This observation seems to supports the transition from the oak-chestnut forest observed by Braun (1950) to a chestnut oak dominated oak-hickory forest. Braun (1950) noted that hickories were a major constituent of the under canopy growth; however, she suggested that the extirpation of the American chestnut from the oak-chestnut forest would allow the release of the hickory understory. Our observations seem to support Braun’s theory and the study done by McCormick and Platt (1980); we observed

47 that the hickories have become dominant canopy trees (across the study area 48% of all hickories are dominant or co-dominant trees (Laliberte unpublished data)).

The beginning of the transition from the chestnut oak dominated oak-hickory forest on the tabletop of Monte Sano to mixed mesophytic forest seems to occur immediately downslope on the Pennington formation. While oak and hickories are still dominant, more mixed mesophytic species are increasing in relative importance than on the tabletop. The top five species by relative importance are chestnut oak, northern red oak, sugar maple, shagbark hickory, and pignut hickory. For a mixed mesophytic forest,

Braun (1950) identified eight species as primary indicator species including northern red oak, sugar maple, basswood and yellow poplar; she noted other species, like black walnut (Juglans nigra L.), and yellow buckeye (Aesculus octandra Marsh.), as indicator species. Two of the top five species by relative importance on the Pennington formation are northern red oak and sugar maple; and, basswood and yellow poplar had mid-range relative important values between 6.5 and 1.7. However, black walnut was not important and yellow buckeye was not found on the surveyed sites on the

Pennington formation. These mesic conditions on the Pennington formation may be due to the amount of groundwater moving laterally off the relatively impervious

Pottsville sandstone formation above.

The transition to mixed mesophytic forest continues on the Bangor formation.

Sugar maple increases in importance becoming the top species. My results showed a decline in the relative importance of chestnut oak to 5th place due to the steep decline in its basal area. With the decline in relative importance of chestnut oak indicators of

48 mesophytic conditions, such as, northern red oak, white oak, and sugar maple, increased in relative importance.

Although Braun (1950) used eight primary indicator species ( sugar maple, basswood, yellow poplar, American chestnut, beech, yellow buckeye, northern red oak, and white oak) she acknowledged that forest composition varied from site to site and thus that mixed mesophytic forest could be defined by the dominance of three to eight of the indicator species. Braun (1950) recognized the American chestnut as an indicator of mixed mesophytic conditions because it made up approximately a quarter of the canopy trees in the eastern United States deciduous forest; however, due to its extirpation by chestnut blight it can no longer be considered a useful indicator species.

The forest on the Hartselle formation is heterogeneous in composition. The top five species by relative importance are sugar maple, white oak, shagbark hickory, northern red oak, and eastern red cedar, three of which, the maple and the oaks, are indicators of Braun’s mixed mesophytic forest. However, the abundance of eastern red cedar, a tree most common on xeric sites (Mohr, 1901; Lawton and Cothran, 2000), suggests that the Hartselle formation also harbors forest that is not typically mixed mesophytic. What is most likely occurring is that the eastern red cedar is growing on xeric limestone outcroppings that are surrounded by more mesic conditions. This study however, did not produce data at the spatial resolution to examine this hypothesis.

The limestone terraces of the Monteagle formation, at the lowest elevations of the Monte Sano escarpment, also appear to be a mix of mesophytic and xeric elements.

The five species with the highest relative importance are sugar maple, eastern red

49 cedar, northern red oak, ash, and shagbark hickory. Although northern red oak and sugar maple, indicators of mixed mesophytic forest, are high in relative importance, red cedar and ash are abundant in xeric forests on shallow soil over outcropping limestone in the area (Mohr, 1901; Lawton and Cothran, 2000).

The size class distribution of all species across all plots and for each geological bedrock category follows a classic reverse J curve; this is to be expected of a late stage successional or mature forest (Hart and Grissino-Mayer, 2008). The Kolmogorov-

Smirnov test results for the overall size class distributions indicated a difference between Pottsville sandstone formation and that of the forest on the Bangor formation.

The difference could be caused by a high sapling survival and/or a higher than normal number of individuals being established at some point in the past. The difference could also be caused by the very high dominance of chestnut oak on the Postville sandstone formation. Shade tolerant trees such as sugar maple that are abundant as small understory trees on the lower escarpments do not prosper on the drier sandy acidic soil of the Pottsville sandstone formation (Hinkle, 1989). Since shade tolerant trees are not present in high abundance on the Pottsville sandstone formation, any gap that forms will most likely be filled with lateral canopy growth from surrounding dominant trees

(Hart et al., 2010), or by gap colonist. However, because we did not age any trees, nor was mortality data recorded, further study must be done to examine these hypotheses.

The Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests comparing forest size class structure for the other geological bedrock categories did not indicate any significant differences. An interesting observation is that the three largest trees were observed on the Bangor formation

50 which were yellow poplar with a DBH of 101.6cm; black oak with a DBH of 99.1cm; and, northern red oak with a DBH of 92.5cm. This may support the observation that the

Bangor formation is in a transition phase since, according Braun (1950), yellow poplar and northern red oak are indicators of mixed mesophytic forest.

Observations by Mohr (1901) and Braun (1950) stated that sugar maple is rarely found on the summit and upper escarpments but are widely distributed on the middle and lower escarpments. They also stated that most of the sugar maples were small understory trees with only a few individuals growing as canopy dominants. Our observations match Mohr (1901) and Braun (1950); for the sugar maple the

Kolmogorov-Smirnov test results showed that there are no significant differences among the geological bedrock categories in the size class distributions. We observed approximately 97% of all sugar maples are <36.0cm DBH. The three largest sugar maples were surveyed on the Bangor formation ranging in DBH from 46.0 - 58.9cm.

Observations by Mohr (1901) and Braun (1950) stated that chestnut oaks were dominant on the tabletop and upper escarpments of the southern Cumberland Plateau.

Braun (1950) stated that chestnut oak can be part of a mixed mesophytic forest; however, not in high abundance. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test results revealed one significant difference between the chestnut-oak size class distribution on the Pottsville sandstone formation and that on the Bangor formation. Chestnut oaks are generally smaller on the Bangor formation, in the sense that approximately 53% of chestnut oaks are <16.0cm DBH compared to only 29% on the Pottsville sandstone formation. A future study that examines size specific mortality and growth is needed to determine if

51 chestnut oak while able to geminate and grow on the Bangor formation have more difficulty reaching successive size classes beyond 16.0cm DBH.

The species diversity of Monte Sano State Park is generally similar to other forest on the Cumberland Plateau. Studies done by Hart and Grissino-Mayer (2008) and

DeSelm and Sherman (1977) reported diversities similar those reported here. Diversity across the geological bedrock categories calculated using percent stems ha-1 the results were mostly what was expected. Braun (1950) stated that three to four species will dominate an oak-chestnut (oak-hickory) forest; whereas, she states the mix mesophytic forest will contain six to ten dominate species with a wide variety of less abundance species. Results reported here showed a slightly lower species diversity on the Pottsville sandstone formation than on the other geological bedrock categories. The other geological bedrock categories showed indistinguishable diversities. The difference in overall abundance is the possible explanation for the differences between the Pottsville sandstone formation and the other geological bedrock categories. On the Pottsville sandstone formation 42% of tree species surveyed are represented by approximately

90% of the total stem count abundance; however, for the other geological bedrock categories that percent is higher with the Pennington formation at 57%, the Bangor formation at 55%, the Hartselle formation at 52%, and the Monteagle formation at 55%.

This shows that the Pennington formation, the Bangor formation, the Hartselle formation, and the Monteagle formation are more even in their species abundances than the Pottsville sandstone formation. Habitats with a more even distribution of

52 abundances among species will generally be more diverse than habitats with similar species numbers that are less even (Pielou, 1977).

Species diversity (H’) calculated using percent basal area as the measure of species abundance showed three significant differences between the geological bedrock categories. Forest on the Pottsville sandstone formation was less diverse than that on the Pennington formation and on the Hartselle formation. The forest on the Pennington formation was less diverse than that on the Bangor formation. The difference between the Pottsville sandstone formation and the Pennington formation and the Hartselle formation can be explained by the dominance of chestnut oak. Because there is a single species, chestnut oak, which dominates the forest on the tabletop, overall evenness of the forest is lowered and thereby the overall diversity is lower (Pielou, 1977). The difference between the Pennington formation and the Bangor formation is most likely a variance of plot diversity issue. The plots located on the Pennington formation have a smaller range of diversity than the plots located on the Bangor formation; this difference in ranges is what the ANOVA test detected.

The ordination results for all study plots did not show evidence of more than one distinct forest type. Rather, all species except a few outliers appear in a single scattered clump. Some of these outliers species were poorly represented in the sample and have a population of one or two, which affected their position in the ordination. Also, the dispersion of the species could be a simple artifact of the ordination method used.

Distance between points normalizes across the plane of the graph sometimes distorting the graphical representation.

In the ordination for all plots across all geological bedrock categories, four species were outliers; water oak, paw-paw, beech, and American chestnut. Beech and water oak grow best in conditions where water is in high availability such as riparian zones (Burns and Honkala, 1965). Three tree size (>5.0cm DBH) individuals of paw-paw were found on a single plot and included in the survey. A single American chestnut was found. Mohr (1901) and Braun (1950) never indicated a community structure; instead, they both observed stands of trees in locations not specific to either geology, aspect or with species association. Hinkle (1989) reported that soils are one of the main contributors to species association on the Cumberland Plateau. Burns and Honkala

(1965) indicated that certain species prefer similar growing conditions; however, we did not observe associations that matched their findings.

Ordination for plots within each geological bedrock categories produced some interesting results. In the ordination of plots on the Pottsville sandstone formation the only outlier was beech. This is most likely due to the fact that beech requires high soil water content, almost double compared to drought resistant oaks (Burns and Honkala,

1965). The forest on the tabletop is generally covered by dry oak-hickory forest; however, there is a small stream that creates the mesic conditions favored by beech and this where the beech was surveyed. The remaining species on the ordination plane are relatively dispersed. This might show continuing transition from Braun’s (1950) observed oak-chestnut forest to the oak-hickory forest of today.

On the Pennington formation there appears to be no significant outliers.

However, on the Bangor formation there were six outliers which were paw-paw, loblolly

54 pine, red mulberry (Morus rubra L.), serviceberry, black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), and scarlet oak. A single individual of loblolly pine was surveyed on the Bangor formation; it was located close to the Pottsville sandstone formation bluff line and thereby its presence is possibly due to wind transfer of a seed. A single individual of red mulberry was surveyed. According to Burns and Honkala, (1965) and Braun (1950), the red mulberry grows best in flat lands at relatively low elevations. Since the red mulberry is most valued for its fruit, this single individual might be present due to animal transfer of a seed. Serviceberry is considered a large bush; there were eleven individuals surveyed on four plots with sizes ranging from 5.1cm DBH to 6.6cm DBH. It is most likely showing as an outlier due to the fact that it appears to be clumped on plots located on the Bangor formation with a low population. Black cherry was clumped in two areas with individuals dispersed across the study area. Black cherry prefers soil that is very acidic and relatively infertile (Burns and Honkala, 1965). However, the survey results indicate that black cherry grows as small groups and individuals with no soil preferences. There was a single scarlet oak surveyed on the Bangor formation; there were only two individuals surveyed within the study area.

On the Hartselle formation, there is one outlier which is mockernut hickory; only one individual was surveyed. Mockernut hickory is found on soils of ridges and hillsides and less frequently on moist woodlands and alluvial bottoms (Burns and Honkala, 1965); our survey supports this in that a majority of the mockernut hickory individual were found on the tabletop and upper escarpments.

On the Monteagle formation, there were two outliers which were beech and water oak. There is a rain fed stream that runs along the bottom of McKay Hollow. All ten individual beech and the single water oak were surveyed on two plots in the riparian zone of this stream. As previous stated, beech requires high soil water content; water oak has a similar requirement for high soil water content. The trees of these two species most likely represent the edge of populations which have their centers of abundance in the forest creek floodplains at the foot of the mountain.

This study was based on both the geology of the region and the slope aspect of the mountain. The bedrock that underlies the plateau top is Pottsville sandstone. The assumption was the gently rolling hills of the tabletop would show aspect related results. Therefore, the tabletop was included in the overall aspect analysis; however, our assumption proved to be false. The gently rolling hills are too low and shallow to be show strong aspect affects; and, therefore, the inclusion of the tabletop skewed the aspect results in this study. When the results were analyzed, the aspect data showed inconsistencies. To determine the source of the inconsistencies, the Pottsville sandstone formation geological bedrock category was removed from the overall species composition analysis. In the reanalysis of the species composition the results more closely aligned with findings reported by Burns and Honkala (1965). Furthermore, the data presented here does not include the full range of aspect diversity shown on Monte

Sano Mountain. The western slopes of Monte Sano Mountain are not in the state park and so were not included in the study area. By excluding this section of the mountain, mature stands of xeric forests including smoketree and eastern red cedar were not

56 represented in the study (Lawton per.com). Future studies of the ecological impact of aspect should be done eliminating the Pottsville sandstone formation and including the western slope of the mountain.

Much of Monte Sano Mountain and all of Monte Sano State Park are under the protection of the State of Alabama and the Alabama Land Trust. Given the goal of protecting the flora and fauna, few current anthropogenic disturbances are permitted within the area. The forest of today is very different from the forest that was observed by Mohr (1901) and Braun (1950). When Mohr (1901) recorded his observations, the

American chestnut was an integral part of the forest community. Mohr (1901) observed largely undisturbed forests on the escarpment slopes within what is now Monte Sano

State Park. By the time of Braun (1950), the American chestnut blight was in the final stages of extirpating the American chestnut from the forest. She observed greater human disturbances due to logging and colonization of the land. Sixty years later,

Monte Sano Mountain is covered by a forest in transition; the original oak-chestnut forest is in the final stages of transition to an oak-hickory forest, the mixed mesophytic forest along the escarpments of the plateau show an increased dominance of hickory, and the forest has regenerated in many areas and all but removed traces of earlier anthropogenic disturbances.

The forest structure of Monte Sano State Park seems to indicate that Braun’s

(1950) suggestion and McCormick and Platt (1980) validation in regard to the competitive release of hickories was correct. The American chestnut blight changed the composition of many forests in the Southeast (Braun, 1950; McCormick and Platt, 1980)

,including Monte Sano Mountain. Today the oak-chestnut forest on the tabletop and upper escarpments of the plateau has transitioned to an oak-hickory forest, and the upper escarpments are mostly covered by an oak-hickory forest, but show the beginning of a transition to a mixed mesophytic forest. The mid-escarpment underlain by the

Bangor formation shows a transition between the oak-hickory forest of the tabletop and upper escarpments and mixed Mesophytic forests of the lower escarpments. The lower escarpments underlain by the Hartselle formation and the Monteagle formation support a more mixed mesophytic forest as defined by Braun (1950), interspersed with sites on outcropping limestone which support a more xeric forest with eastern red cedar.

The composition of the forest in Monte Sano State Park varies continuously with species abundance changing gradually across the gradient of conditions on the escarpment. The diversity on the escarpment is what is to be expected within a mesic

Cumberland Plateau forest. The diversity on the tabletop was lowered by the high dominance of chestnut-oak. There were some size structure differences within the forest which are related to the dominance of chestnut oak. The ordination analysis supported the continuum of species by showing no discrete community types. Overall, the forests of Monte Sano State Park are similar to other forest of the Cumberland

Plateau.

APPENDIX

A. Supporting Data

1. Mean (central bar), median (dot), standard deviation (box), and range (dotted vertical line) for diversity in regards to stems >5.0cm DBH ha-1 for geological bedrock categories within Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama.

2. Mean (central bar), median (dot), standard deviation (box), and range (dotted vertical line) for diversity in regards to basal area for geological bedrock categories within Monte Sano State Park, Huntsville, Alabama.

B. Raw Data

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 1 Scarlet Oak 14.6 1 37.1 2 Northern Red Oak 21.5 2 54.6 3 Basswood 3.3 3 8.4 1 Black Walnut 7.6 3 19.3 2 Sassafras 3.4 4 8.6 3 Ailanthus 4.4 2 11.2 1 Chinkapin Oak 14.6 2 37.1 2 Eastern Redbud 7.4 3 18.8 3 Ailanthus 5.8 2 14.7 1 Shagbark Hickory 10.7 2 27.2 2 Slippery Elm 2.1 4 5.3 3 Basswood 3.5 4 8.9 1 Mocker Nut Hickory 10.0 2 25.4 2 Black Cherry 6.3 3 16.0 3 Chinkapin Oak 3.1 3 7.9 1 Sugar Maple 3.4 3 8.6 2 Slippery Elm 3.6 4 9.1 3 Basswood 3.6 4 9.1 1 Sugar Maple 3.2 3 8.1 2 Cucumber Magnolia 7.4 3 18.8 3 Ailanthus 5.3 2 13.5 1 Sugar Maple 5.8 3 14.7 2 Black Cherry 7.7 3 19.6 3 Ailanthus 7.8 2 19.8 1 Sugar Maple 2.8 4 7.1 2 Eastern Hophornbeam 3.6 4 9.1 3 Ailanthus 7.8 2 19.8 1 Chinkapin Oak 16.9 1 42.9 2 Basswood 2.0 4 5.1 3 Slippery Elm 5.9 2 15.0 1 Sugar Maple 4.6 3 11.7 2 Cucumber Magnolia 2.2 4 5.6 3 Sugar Maple 6.2 2 15.7 1 Sugar Maple 11.5 2 29.2 2 Cucumber Magnolia 2.0 3 5.1 3 Ailanthus 7.7 2 19.6 1 Sugar Maple 3.3 4 8.4 2 White Oak 21.7 1 55.1 3 Basswood 2.8 3 7.1 1 Sugar Maple 2.5 4 6.4 2 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.6 4 6.6 3 Chinkapin Oak 2.5 3 6.4 1 Sugar Maple 5.1 3 13.0 3 Ailanthus 6.7 2 17.0 3 Ailanthus 3.5 3 8.9 1 Sugar Maple 4.5 3 11.4 3 Ailanthus 7.4 3 18.8 3 Slippery Elm 3.4 2 8.6 1 Sugar Maple 14.9 2 37.8 3 Black Locust 3.1 3 7.9 3 Ailanthus 6.4 2 16.3 61 1 Sugar Maple 2.5 4 6.4 3 Ailanthus 4.6 3 11.7 3 Ailanthus 2.7 3 6.9

1 Ash 6.7 4 17.0 3 Ailanthus 7.4 2 18.8 3 Cucumber Magnolia 8.0 2 20.3 1 Eastern Red Cedar 13.0 2 33.0 3 Sugar Maple 7.4 3 18.8 3 Slippery Elm 2.9 3 7.4 1 Sugar Maple 3.2 4 8.1 3 Ailanthus 5.1 2 13.0 3 Slippery Elm 4.2 2 10.7 1 Sugar Maple 5.0 3 12.7 3 Ailanthus 6.6 2 16.8 3 Ailanthus 8.1 2 20.6 1 Sugar Maple 3.3 4 8.4 3 Sugar Maple 3.6 3 9.1 3 Ailanthus 6.2 2 15.7 1 Shagbark Hickory 11.5 2 29.2 3 Slippery Elm 4.3 3 10.9 3 Cucumber Magnolia 6.3 3 16.0 1 Shagbark Hickory 14.2 2 36.1 3 Ailanthus 3.1 3 7.9 3 Chinkapin Oak 2.3 4 5.8 1 Chinkapin Oak 11.4 2 29.0 3 Ailanthus 4.5 2 11.4 3 Ailanthus 6.9 2 17.5 1 Sugar Maple 4.7 4 11.9 3 Ailanthus 6.7 2 17.0 3 Ailanthus 7.1 2 18.0 1 Sugar Maple 4.8 4 12.2 3 Ailanthus 7.0 2 17.8 3 Slippery Elm 4.8 3 12.2 2 Shagbark Hickory 12.0 2 30.5 3 Chinkapin Oak 3.1 3 7.9 3 Ailanthus 4.5 3 11.4 2 Chinkapin Oak 8.2 2 20.8 3 Basswood 3.9 3 9.9 3 Ailanthus 10.3 2 26.2 2 Eastern Redbud 5.5 4 14.0 3 Ailanthus 5.8 2 14.7 3 Ailanthus 6.7 2 17.0 2 Cucumber Magnolia 7.1 3 18.0 3 Sugar Maple 3.6 3 9.1 3 Chinkapin Oak 2.7 4 6.9 2 Northern Red Oak 20.7 2 52.6 3 Sugar Maple 2.7 4 6.9 3 Chinkapin Oak 3.1 3 7.9 2 Cucumber Magnolia 7.2 3 18.3 3 Sugar Maple 2.3 4 5.8 3 Ailanthus 4.1 3 10.4 2 Eastern Redbud 4.6 4 11.7 3 Basswood 3.6 3 9.1 3 Ailanthus 5.5 3 14.0 2 Black Cherry 6.0 3 15.2 3 Basswood 2.3 3 5.8 3 Ailanthus 7.0 2 17.8 2 Eastern Redbud 2.8 4 7.1 3 Basswood 2.7 3 6.9 3 Ailanthus 7.0 2 17.8

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 3 Ailanthus 6.9 2 17.5 4 Hackberry 10.2 3 25.9 6 Northern Red Oak 4.0 4 10.2 3 Chinkapin Oak 2.3 4 5.8 4 Yellow Poplar 10.1 2 25.7 6 Sugar Maple 7.6 1 19.3 3 Chinkapin Oak 3.9 3 9.9 4 Hackberry 8.5 3 21.6 6 Northern Red Oak 10.8 2 27.4 3 Chinkapin Oak 2.5 4 6.4 4 Ash 2.0 4 5.1 6 Northern Red Oak 8.4 2 21.3 3 Ailanthus 6.9 2 17.5 4 Sugar Maple 2.4 4 6.1 6 Eastern Red Cedar 2.4 4 6.1 3 Ailanthus 2.7 3 6.9 5 Chinkapin Oak 4.7 3 11.9 6 Sugar Maple 7.0 3 17.8 3 Ailanthus 2.8 3 7.1 5 Shagbark Hickory 13.3 2 33.8 6 Sugar Maple 4.0 3 10.2 3 Ailanthus 8.2 2 20.8 5 Chinkapin Oak 12.9 2 32.8 6 Chinkapin Oak 8.6 2 21.8 3 Sugar Maple 2.8 4 7.1 5 Sugar Maple 4.8 3 12.2 6 Sugar Maple 6.5 3 16.5 3 Sugar Maple 3.1 3 7.9 5 Sugar Maple 3.4 3 8.6 6 Persimmon 7.4 2 18.8 3 Ailanthus 7.6 2 19.3 5 Northern Red Oak 11.8 2 30.0 6 Persimmon 7.1 4 18.0 3 Ailanthus 5.0 2 12.7 5 Winged Elm 3.6 4 9.1 6 Chinkapin Oak 10.2 2 25.9 3 Mocker Nut Hickory 3.5 3 8.9 5 Sugar Maple 3.3 4 8.4 6 Sugar Maple 7.1 2 18.0 3 Eastern Redbud 4.3 2 10.9 5 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 6 Sugar Maple 7.4 2 18.8 3 Black Cherry 7.7 2 19.6 5 Sugar Maple 3.6 4 9.1 6 Sugar Maple 2.8 4 7.1 3 Slippery Elm 2.7 3 6.9 5 Sugar Maple 3.5 3 8.9 6 Chinkapin Oak 21.0 2 53.3 3 Ailanthus 4.0 2 10.2 5 Shagbark Hickory 11.6 2 29.5 6 Sugar Maple 6.5 2 16.5 3 Yellow Poplar 2.9 3 7.4 5 Sugar Maple 2.5 4 6.4 6 Sugar Maple 8.5 2 21.6 3 Ailanthus 7.7 2 19.6 5 Sugar Maple 3.7 3 9.4 6 Sugar Maple 3.2 3 8.1

62 3 Slippery Elm 2.5 4 6.4 5 Sugar Maple 6.9 3 17.5 6 Blackhaw 3.0 4 7.6

3 Ailanthus 8.1 2 20.6 5 Sugar Maple 7.2 3 18.3 6 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 3 Ailanthus 8.4 1 21.3 5 Sugar Maple 7.5 3 19.1 6 Sugar Maple 6.9 3 17.5 3 Ailanthus 8.9 2 22.6 5 Shagbark Hickory 12.7 2 32.3 6 Sugar Maple 7.6 3 19.3 3 Ailanthus 4.3 3 10.9 5 Sugar Maple 3.1 4 7.9 6 Sugar Maple 4.3 3 10.9 4 Yellow Poplar 34.7 1 88.1 5 Sugar Maple 4.4 3 11.2 6 Slippery Elm 6.2 3 15.7 4 Slippery Elm 8.2 3 20.8 5 Northern Red Oak 15.6 1 39.6 6 Yellowwood 3.2 4 8.1 4 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 5 Sugar Maple 7.3 3 18.5 6 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 4 Sugar Maple 2.4 4 6.1 5 Sugar Maple 3.8 3 9.7 6 Sugar Maple 3.6 4 9.1 4 Hackberry 6.9 3 17.5 5 Ash 12.3 1 31.2 6 Sugar Maple 3.9 4 9.9 4 Sugar Maple 7.4 3 18.8 5 Sugar Maple 3.9 3 9.9 6 Sugar Maple 4.5 4 11.4 4 Slippery Elm 6.8 3 17.3 5 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 6 Sugar Maple 2.1 4 5.3 4 Yellow Poplar 10.1 2 25.7 5 Sugar Maple 2.4 4 6.1 6 Blackhaw 2.2 4 5.6 4 Ash 19.1 2 48.5 5 Sugar Maple 8.1 2 20.6 6 Blackhaw 2.1 4 5.3 4 Sugar Maple 2.4 4 6.1 5 Sugar Maple 3.1 3 7.9 6 Sugar Maple 8.3 2 21.1 4 Sugar Maple 7.4 3 18.8 6 Shagbark Hickory 16.6 1 42.2 6 Sugar Maple 7.7 3 19.6 4 Sugar Maple 3.5 3 8.9 6 Sugar Maple 9.4 2 23.9 7 Chinkapin Oak 9.2 2 23.4

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 7 Shagbark Hickory 17.7 1 45.0 8 Northern Red Oak 13.4 1 34.0 9 Sugar Maple 3.7 4 9.4 7 Eastern Red Cedar 4.2 4 10.7 8 Eastern Red Cedar 13.4 2 34.0 9 Shagbark Hickory 9.1 2 23.1 7 Eastern Red Cedar 3.5 4 8.9 8 Eastern Red Cedar 9.1 2 23.1 9 Chinkapin Oak 12.4 2 31.5 7 Chinkapin Oak 4.8 4 12.2 8 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 9 Blackhaw 2.4 4 6.1 7 Eastern Red Cedar 4.4 4 11.2 8 Sugar Maple 3.7 3 9.4 9 Sugar Maple 4.1 3 10.4 7 Eastern Red Cedar 2.2 4 5.6 8 Sugar Maple 3.9 3 9.9 9 Chinkapin Oak 6.9 3 17.5 7 Eastern Red Cedar 2.0 4 5.1 8 Sugar Maple 3.0 4 7.6 9 Sugar Maple 5.2 3 13.2 7 Black Cherry 2.6 4 6.6 8 Ash 10.1 2 25.7 9 Sugar Maple 8.7 2 22.1 7 Northern Red Oak 8.9 3 22.6 8 Shagbark Hickory 15.0 2 38.1 9 Sugar Maple 2.7 4 6.9 7 Northern Red Oak 20.2 1 51.3 8 Eastern Red Cedar 8.1 2 20.6 9 Sugar Maple 2.5 4 6.4 7 Chinkapin Oak 3.6 4 9.1 8 Flowering Dogwood 3.8 4 9.7 9 Sugar Maple 3.0 4 7.6 7 Northern Red Oak 14.1 2 35.8 8 Sugar Maple 2.5 4 6.4 9 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 7 Northern Red Oak 10.0 2 25.4 8 Northern Red Oak 14.7 2 37.3 9 Sugar Maple 2.3 4 5.8 7 Ash 2.9 4 7.4 8 Eastern Red Cedar 6.3 3 16.0 10 Basswood 11.5 2 29.2 7 Basswood 4.6 4 11.7 8 Northern Red Oak 13.6 2 34.5 10 Pignut Hickory 15.0 2 38.1 7 Black Cherry 5.3 4 13.5 8 Northern Red Oak 15.0 1 38.1 10 Sugar Maple 3.7 4 9.4 7 Slippery Elm 2.7 4 6.9 8 Sugar Maple 8.6 2 21.8 10 Sugar Maple 3.1 3 7.9 7 Persimmon 4.1 4 10.4 8 Sugar Maple 3.4 4 8.6 10 Black Cherry 4.4 3 11.2 7 Ash 5.1 3 13.0 8 Winged Elm 2.6 4 6.6 10 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 7 Winged Elm 3.5 4 8.9 8 Sugar Maple 9.6 2 24.4 10 Persimmon 10.3 2 26.2 63 7 Northern Red Oak 7.9 3 20.1 8 Sugar Maple 3.7 4 9.4 10 Sugar Maple 5.2 3 13.2

7 Northern Red Oak 6.0 3 15.2 9 Northern Red Oak 20.5 1 52.1 10 Sugar Maple 4.3 3 10.9 7 Northern Red Oak 9.7 2 24.6 9 Northern Red Oak 17.2 2 43.7 10 Sugar Maple 3.1 4 7.9 7 Winged Elm 2.9 4 7.4 9 Shagbark Hickory 9.5 2 24.1 10 Sugar Maple 2.5 4 6.4 7 Basswood 8.2 3 20.8 9 Sugar Maple 4.5 3 11.4 10 Ash 9.5 2 24.1 7 Eastern Red Cedar 5.1 3 13.0 9 Sugar Maple 2.5 4 6.4 10 Yellowwood 6.2 3 15.7 7 Eastern Red Cedar 4.4 3 11.2 9 Yellowwood 2.5 4 6.4 10 Sugar Maple 10.3 2 26.2 7 Eastern Redbud 2.4 4 6.1 9 Northern Red Oak 20.2 2 51.3 10 Sugar Maple 6.3 3 16.0 8 Eastern Red Cedar 10.8 2 27.4 9 Sugar Maple 6.0 3 15.2 10 Sugar Maple 8.0 3 20.3 8 Eastern Red Cedar 10.5 2 26.7 9 Sugar Maple 3.3 4 8.4 10 Sugar Maple 3.9 4 9.9 8 Sugar Maple 3.4 4 8.6 9 Basswood 10.6 2 26.9 10 Sugar Maple 10.7 2 27.2 8 Sugar Maple 5.7 3 14.5 9 Basswood 5.4 3 13.7 10 Sugar Maple 3.5 4 8.9 8 Sugar Maple 8.7 3 22.1 9 Basswood 7.7 2 19.6 10 Sugar Maple 3.2 4 8.1 8 Chinkapin Oak 6.3 2 16.0 9 Sugar Maple 3.5 4 8.9 10 Sugar Maple 3.7 4 9.4 8 Eastern Red Cedar 5.1 3 13.0 9 Sugar Maple 5.0 3 12.7 10 Ash 5.6 3 14.2 8 Eastern Red Cedar 5.5 2 14.0 9 Northern Red Oak 11.8 1 30.0 10 Sugar Maple 4.9 3 12.4 8 Eastern Red Cedar 3.0 4 7.6 9 Basswood 10.7 2 27.2 10 Eastern Hophornbeam 4.0 3 10.2

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 10 Yellowwood 6.9 4 17.5 12 Yellow Poplar 16.9 2 42.9 14 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 10 Sugar Maple 2.7 4 6.9 12 Chinkapin Oak 18.6 2 47.2 14 Chinkapin Oak 6.5 3 16.5 10 Ash 10.0 3 25.4 12 Basswood 2.6 4 6.6 14 Chestnut Oak 10.4 2 26.4 10 Winged Elm 4.0 4 10.2 12 Shagbark Hickory 4.7 3 11.9 14 Northern Red Oak 6.1 3 15.5 11 Sweetgum 19.0 1 48.3 12 Basswood 2.0 4 5.1 14 Sugar Maple 3.0 4 7.6 11 Yellow Poplar 2.6 3 6.6 13 Mocker Nut Hickory 26.0 1 66.0 14 Ash 9.3 2 23.6 11 Sugar Maple 8.0 2 20.3 13 Chestnut Oak 20.9 1 53.1 14 Winged Elm 2.7 4 6.9 11 Sugar Maple 9.1 2 23.1 13 Basswood 2.9 4 7.4 14 Northern Red Oak 18.5 2 47.0 11 Sugar Maple 3.1 3 7.9 13 Basswood 6.0 3 15.2 14 Chestnut Oak 10.0 3 25.4 11 Basswood 17.5 1 44.5 13 Cucumber Magnolia 4.6 3 11.7 14 Chinkapin Oak 5.8 3 14.7 11 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 13 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.5 4 6.4 14 Mocker Nut Hickory 7.3 3 18.5 11 Sugar Maple 4.9 3 12.4 13 Basswood 16.1 2 40.9 14 Chinkapin Oak 4.8 5 12.2 11 Yellow Poplar 2.8 4 7.1 13 Cucumber Magnolia 4.0 3 10.2 14 Winged Elm 2.0 5 5.1 11 Paw-paw 2.2 4 5.6 13 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.5 4 6.4 15 Chinkapin Oak 14.9 2 37.8 11 Paw-paw 2.1 4 5.3 13 Basswood 9.0 3 22.9 15 Sugar Maple 10.5 3 26.7 11 Sugar Maple 9.3 3 23.6 13 Basswood 2.8 4 7.1 15 Sassafras 12.5 2 31.8 11 Sugar Maple 3.4 4 8.6 13 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.3 4 5.8 15 Northern Red Oak 32.6 1 82.8 11 Slippery Elm 2.0 4 5.1 13 Mocker Nut Hickory 5.3 3 13.5 15 Sassafras 16.9 2 42.9 11 Paw-paw 2.0 4 5.1 13 Eastern Hophornbeam 3.6 4 9.1 15 Sugar Maple 4.5 3 11.4 11 Sugar Maple 4.8 3 12.2 13 Ash 9.1 2 23.1 15 Sugar Maple 5.8 3 14.7 64 11 Sweetgum 23.6 1 59.9 13 Basswood 5.4 3 13.7 15 Shagbark Hickory 16.5 2 41.9

11 Shagbark Hickory 17.5 2 44.5 13 Basswood 2.1 4 5.3 15 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 11 Sugar Maple 6.2 4 15.7 13 Basswood 2.7 4 6.9 15 Sugar Maple 9.5 3 24.1 11 Sugar Maple 2.9 4 7.4 13 Basswood 2.3 4 5.8 15 Sugar Maple 5.9 3 15.0 11 Sugar Maple 11.9 2 30.2 13 Pignut Hickory 23.5 1 59.7 15 Sugar Maple 11.4 2 29.0 11 Basswood 3.1 4 7.9 14 Ash 12.2 1 31.0 15 Sugar Maple 3.5 4 8.9 12 Sassafras 23.8 1 60.5 14 Northern Red Oak 13.2 1 33.5 15 Shagbark Hickory 19.5 2 49.5 12 Cucumber Magnolia 18.3 1 46.5 14 Sugar Maple 6.1 3 15.5 15 Sugar Maple 4.4 3 11.2 12 Sassafras 18.5 2 47.0 14 Ash 9.1 3 23.1 15 Sugar Maple 4.4 3 11.2 12 Cucumber Magnolia 2.0 4 5.1 14 Northern Red Oak 12.4 2 31.5 15 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 12 Yellow Buckeye 7.3 3 18.5 14 Northern Red Oak 7.5 1 19.1 15 Sugar Maple 5.3 3 13.5 12 Sassafras 16.2 2 41.1 14 Sugar Maple 3.4 4 8.6 16 Chestnut Oak 18.0 2 45.7 12 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.0 4 5.1 14 Sugar Maple 4.6 3 11.7 16 Basswood 21.5 1 54.6 12 Sugar Maple 3.3 4 8.4 14 Northern Red Oak 17.5 1 44.5 16 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 12 Sugar Maple 3.0 4 7.6 14 Blackhaw 2.0 4 5.1 16 Chestnut Oak 12.2 2 31.0 12 Chinkapin Oak 18.0 1 45.7 14 Sugar Maple 4.4 3 11.2 16 Basswood 2.8 4 7.1 12 Yellow Poplar 24.1 2 61.2 14 Sugar Maple 4.1 3 10.4 16 Flowering Dogwood 3.0 4 7.6

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 16 Sugar Maple 2.5 4 6.4 18 Sugar Maple 3.1 3 7.9 21 Blackgum 10.7 2 27.2 16 Chestnut Oak 21.8 2 55.4 18 Sugar Maple 3.3 3 8.4 21 Winged Elm 3.8 4 9.7 16 Basswood 3.3 4 8.4 19 Sweetgum 16.8 2 42.7 21 Pignut Hickory 2.7 4 6.9 16 Shagbark Hickory 15.2 2 38.6 19 Sweetgum 2.9 1 7.4 21 Pignut Hickory 5.7 1 14.5 16 Chestnut Oak 15.7 2 39.9 19 Sugar Maple 5.0 3 12.7 21 Chestnut Oak 4.5 3 11.4 16 Basswood 3.7 4 9.4 19 Sweetgum 20.3 1 51.6 21 Sugar Maple 2.9 4 7.4 16 Chestnut Oak 13.5 2 34.3 19 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 21 White Oak 2.1 4 5.3 16 Black Oak 20.5 2 52.1 19 Yellow Poplar 3.4 3 8.6 21 Sugar Maple 8.6 2 21.8 16 Shagbark Hickory 8.1 3 20.6 19 Sugar Maple 2.8 3 7.1 21 Sugar Maple 5.5 3 14.0 16 Shagbark Hickory 14.9 2 37.8 19 Beech 2.1 4 5.3 21 Blackgum 5.3 2 13.5 18 Chestnut Oak 12.6 2 32.0 19 Northern Red Oak 2.0 3 5.1 21 Chestnut Oak 17.7 1 45.0 18 Chestnut Oak 13.5 2 34.3 19 Sugar Maple 2.1 4 5.3 21 Chestnut Oak 11.0 2 27.9 18 Chestnut Oak 5.9 4 15.0 19 Sugar Maple 3.8 3 9.7 21 Black Oak 4.5 4 11.4 18 Chestnut Oak 13.8 2 35.1 19 Sugar Maple 3.2 4 8.1 21 Chestnut Oak 18.8 2 47.8 18 Mocker Nut Hickory 8.6 2 21.8 19 Black Locust 4.6 3 11.7 21 Eastern Redbud 2.3 4 5.8 18 Mocker Nut Hickory 4.4 2 11.2 19 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 21 Eastern Redbud 4.2 3 10.7 18 Chestnut Oak 10.5 2 26.7 19 Sugar Maple 3.1 3 7.9 21 Blackgum 6.6 3 16.8 18 Chestnut Oak 4.2 3 10.7 19 Sugar Maple 5.2 3 13.2 21 Winged Elm 3.6 4 9.1 18 Black Cherry 2.4 4 6.1 19 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 21 Sugar Maple 4.6 4 11.7 18 Chestnut Oak 6.4 2 16.3 19 Sugar Maple 7.9 3 20.1 21 Black Locust 7.7 3 19.6 65 18 Chestnut Oak 21.1 4 53.6 19 Yellow Poplar 2.3 4 5.8 21 Pignut Hickory 11.2 2 28.4

18 Chestnut Oak 9.1 4 23.1 19 Sugar Maple 5.2 3 13.2 21 White Oak 5.1 3 13.0 18 Pignut Hickory 3.2 3 8.1 19 Sugar Maple 2.4 4 6.1 21 Slippery Elm 2.8 4 7.1 18 Chestnut Oak 4.3 3 10.9 19 Chinkapin Oak 13.5 2 34.3 21 Mocker Nut Hickory 13.6 2 34.5 18 Flowering Dogwood 2.0 4 5.1 19 Black Oak 16.0 2 40.6 21 White Oak 3.8 4 9.7 18 Black Cherry 3.0 4 7.6 19 Blackgum 13.0 2 33.0 24 Chestnut Oak 14.9 2 37.8 18 Chestnut Oak 16.3 1 41.4 19 Sugar Maple 3.2 3 8.1 24 White Oak 10.0 2 25.4 18 Pignut Hickory 2.3 4 5.8 19 Sugar Maple 2.4 4 6.1 24 Sourwood 7.8 3 19.8 18 Chestnut Oak 11.5 2 29.2 19 Pignut Hickory 19.6 2 49.8 24 Blackgum 2.3 4 5.8 18 Chestnut Oak 8.8 2 22.4 19 Pignut Hickory 19.9 1 50.5 24 Pignut Hickory 9.4 3 23.9 18 Chestnut Oak 11.4 2 29.0 19 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 24 Blackgum 2.6 4 6.6 18 Chestnut Oak 7.6 2 19.3 19 Sugar Maple 2.8 4 7.1 24 Blackgum 4.1 3 10.4 18 Blackgum 3.6 3 9.1 19 Yellow Poplar 6.2 3 15.7 24 Blackgum 17.2 1 43.7 18 Chestnut Oak 9.3 2 23.6 19 Sugar Maple 4.7 3 11.9 24 Blackgum 2.6 4 6.6 18 Chestnut Oak 11.6 2 29.5 21 Pignut Hickory 10.3 2 26.2 24 Blackgum 3.6 4 9.1 18 Serviceberry 2.4 4 6.1 21 Chestnut Oak 3.0 4 7.6 24 Blackgum 6.9 3 17.5 18 Chestnut Oak 8.0 2 20.3 21 Chestnut Oak 2.6 4 6.6 24 White Oak 11.6 2 29.5

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 24 Chestnut Oak 15.2 2 38.6 26 Sugar Maple 2.7 4 6.9 27 Sugar Maple 4.0 3 10.2 24 Northern Red Oak 9.0 2 22.9 26 Black Locust 26.0 1 66.0 27 Pignut Hickory 11.7 3 29.7 24 Chestnut Oak 10.5 2 26.7 26 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 27 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 24 Chestnut Oak 14.0 2 35.6 26 Yellow Poplar 11.8 2 30.0 27 Sugar Maple 4.6 3 11.7 24 Blackgum 2.3 4 5.8 26 Sugar Maple 3.6 3 9.1 27 White Oak 17.3 2 43.9 24 Pignut Hickory 5.1 3 13.0 26 Shagbark Hickory 8.1 3 20.6 27 White Oak 20.0 2 50.8 24 Pignut Hickory 8.0 2 20.3 26 Sugar Maple 5.0 3 12.7 28 Sugar Maple 9.9 2 25.1 24 Blackgum 3.3 4 8.4 26 Sugar Maple 4.1 4 10.4 28 Yellow Buckeye 25.7 2 65.3 24 White Oak 14.7 2 37.3 26 Sugar Maple 7.0 3 17.8 28 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 24 Chestnut Oak 12.3 2 31.2 26 Pignut Hickory 17.8 2 45.2 28 Shagbark Hickory 21.5 2 54.6 24 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 26 Sugar Maple 6.3 3 16.0 28 Sugar Maple 3.3 4 8.4 24 White Oak 8.6 2 21.8 26 Sugar Maple 5.9 3 15.0 28 Sugar Maple 6.7 3 17.0 24 Mocker Nut Hickory 10.0 2 25.4 26 Sugar Maple 4.6 3 11.7 28 Sugar Maple 4.2 4 10.7 25 Basswood 10.7 3 27.2 26 Sugar Maple 5.3 3 13.5 28 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 25 Basswood 11.5 3 29.2 26 Sugar Maple 2.4 4 6.1 28 Sugar Maple 6.7 4 17.0 25 Shagbark Hickory 17.2 1 43.7 26 Sugar Maple 5.0 3 12.7 28 Shagbark Hickory 16.9 2 42.9 25 Basswood 3.4 3 8.6 26 Pignut Hickory 16.9 2 42.9 28 Sugar Maple 3.7 4 9.4 25 Yellow Buckeye 5.0 3 12.7 27 Pignut Hickory 16.8 2 42.7 28 Sugar Maple 3.2 4 8.1 25 Shagbark Hickory 15.4 2 39.1 27 White Oak 12.7 2 32.3 28 Sugar Maple 6.2 3 15.7 25 Slippery Elm 3.7 4 9.4 27 Northern Red Oak 10.4 1 26.4 28 Sugar Maple 2.8 4 7.1 66 25 Basswood 9.3 2 23.6 27 Sugar Maple 2.4 4 6.1 28 Shagbark Hickory 16.7 2 42.4

25 Basswood 3.7 3 9.4 27 Sugar Maple 4.4 4 11.2 28 Sugar Maple 8.5 3 21.6 25 Shagbark Hickory 16.8 2 42.7 27 Sugar Maple 3.2 3 8.1 28 Sugar Maple 7.8 3 19.8 25 Slippery Elm 5.1 4 13.0 27 Chinkapin Oak 13.6 2 34.5 28 Sugar Maple 4.6 4 11.7 25 Yellow Buckeye 4.6 3 11.7 27 White Oak 18.3 1 46.5 28 Sugar Maple 4.1 3 10.4 25 Sugar Maple 4.6 3 11.7 27 Northern Red Oak 24.3 2 61.7 28 Sugar Maple 2.1 4 5.3 25 Basswood 5.4 3 13.7 27 Persimmon 13.4 1 34.0 28 Cucumber Magnolia 2.2 4 5.6 25 Blackgum 7.1 3 18.0 27 Pignut Hickory 18.4 2 46.7 28 Shagbark Hickory 21.1 2 53.6 25 Basswood 3.0 4 7.6 27 Sugar Maple 4.3 3 10.9 28 Sugar Maple 7.0 3 17.8 25 American Elm 9.0 4 22.9 27 Sugar Maple 4.5 3 11.4 28 Sugar Maple 2.8 4 7.1 25 Basswood 6.6 4 16.8 27 Sugar Maple 3.3 3 8.4 28 Sugar Maple 23.2 2 58.9 26 Basswood 13.4 2 34.0 27 Sugar Maple 7.2 3 18.3 28 Sugar Maple 4.9 3 12.4 26 Shagbark Hickory 20.4 2 51.8 27 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 28 Sugar Maple 2.3 4 5.8 26 Basswood 23.3 1 59.2 27 Sugar Maple 5.5 3 14.0 28 Sugar Maple 4.3 3 10.9 26 Sugar Maple 2.3 4 5.8 27 Sugar Maple 2.1 4 5.3 28 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 26 Ash 3.3 4 8.4 27 Sugar Maple 6.1 3 15.5 29 Mocker Nut Hickory 16.3 1 41.4 26 Yellow Poplar 3.9 3 9.9 27 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 29 Pignut Hickory 9.8 2 24.9

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 29 Sugar Maple 12.9 2 32.8 30 Chestnut Oak 5.9 3 15.0 32 Mocker Nut Hickory 4.8 3 12.2 29 Sugar Maple 5.0 3 12.7 30 Mocker Nut Hickory 9.6 2 24.4 32 Eastern Redbud 3.5 4 8.9 29 Black Locust 12.3 1 31.2 30 Chestnut Oak 13.4 2 34.0 32 Eastern Hophornbeam 3.9 4 9.9 29 Hackberry 7.2 3 18.3 30 Blackgum 3.2 4 8.1 32 Chestnut Oak 21.2 1 53.8 29 Chestnut Oak 22.9 1 58.2 30 Chestnut Oak 4.4 4 11.2 32 Mocker Nut Hickory 14.5 2 36.8 29 Hackberry 3.1 4 7.9 30 Chestnut Oak 6.3 2 16.0 32 Sugar Maple 5.6 3 14.2 29 Yellow Buckeye 2.4 4 6.1 30 Chestnut Oak 2.9 4 7.4 32 Mocker Nut Hickory 2.5 4 6.4 29 Sugar Maple 4.5 3 11.4 30 Sourwood 8.9 3 22.6 32 Shagbark Hickory 2.9 4 7.4 29 Black Locust 12.1 2 30.7 30 Chestnut Oak 3.2 4 8.1 32 Sugar Maple 5.9 3 15.0 29 Northern Red Oak 10.9 2 27.7 30 Pignut Hickory 2.7 4 6.9 32 Shagbark Hickory 3.3 4 8.4 29 Sugar Maple 6.3 3 16.0 30 Pignut Hickory 9.5 2 24.1 32 Chestnut Oak 7.1 3 18.0 29 Chestnut Oak 24.6 1 62.5 30 Chestnut Oak 7.1 2 18.0 32 Shagbark Hickory 2.5 4 6.4 29 Chestnut Oak 21.6 2 54.9 30 Chestnut Oak 2.5 4 6.4 32 Mocker Nut Hickory 11.0 2 27.9 29 Pignut Hickory 5.2 3 13.2 30 Blackgum 3.1 4 7.9 32 Eastern Redbud 2.3 4 5.8 29 Sugar Maple 2.1 4 5.3 30 Chestnut Oak 13.1 1 33.3 32 Shagbark Hickory 3.6 4 9.1 29 Sugar Maple 6.9 3 17.5 30 Sweetgum 3.8 4 9.7 32 Sugar Maple 3.0 4 7.6 29 Sugar Maple 5.5 3 14.0 30 Mocker Nut Hickory 5.7 3 14.5 33 Sugar Maple 7.8 3 19.8 29 Sugar Maple 5.8 3 14.7 30 Sweetgum 8.1 3 20.6 33 Black Locust 13.3 1 33.8 29 Slippery Elm 4.0 3 10.2 30 Chestnut Oak 4.1 3 10.4 33 Black Locust 12.0 2 30.5 29 Sugar Maple 5.8 3 14.7 30 Northern Red Oak 8.3 3 21.1 33 Pignut Hickory 2.8 4 7.1 67 29 Sugar Maple 4.0 3 10.2 30 Chestnut Oak 4.1 3 10.4 33 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6

29 Sugar Maple 3.8 4 9.7 32 Mocker Nut Hickory 10.8 2 27.4 33 Sugar Maple 2.3 4 5.8 29 Sugar Maple 4.2 4 10.7 32 Mocker Nut Hickory 10.5 2 26.7 33 Pignut Hickory 7.5 2 19.1 29 Pignut Hickory 7.9 2 20.1 32 Sugar Maple 2.1 4 5.3 33 Sugar Maple 4.3 3 10.9 29 Mocker Nut Hickory 5.5 3 14.0 32 Basswood 4.2 3 10.7 33 Sugar Maple 9.6 3 24.4 30 Chestnut Oak 24.9 1 63.2 32 Basswood 4.6 3 11.7 33 Sugar Maple 5.6 3 14.2 30 Chestnut Oak 17.0 2 43.2 32 Basswood 13.1 2 33.3 33 Black Locust 17.2 2 43.7 30 Chestnut Oak 9.4 2 23.9 32 Basswood 9.3 2 23.6 33 Sugar Maple 2.3 4 5.8 30 Chestnut Oak 3.5 4 8.9 32 Chestnut Oak 22.8 1 57.9 33 Sugar Maple 5.6 3 14.2 30 Pignut Hickory 11.6 2 29.5 32 Sugar Maple 3.3 4 8.4 33 Sugar Maple 5.7 3 14.5 30 Blackgum 4.1 4 10.4 32 Chestnut Oak 27.8 2 70.6 33 Basswood 15.4 2 39.1 30 Vaccinium 2.0 4 5.1 32 Sugar Maple 3.5 4 8.9 33 Basswood 15.2 4 38.6 30 Chestnut Oak 9.9 2 25.1 32 Shagbark Hickory 2.2 4 5.6 34 Chestnut Oak 10.4 2 26.4 30 Chestnut Oak 5.7 3 14.5 32 Sugar Maple 2.3 4 5.8 34 Sugar Maple 2.3 4 5.8 30 Blackgum 4.2 3 10.7 32 Chestnut Oak 21.0 2 53.3 34 Eastern Red Cedar 2.3 4 5.8 30 Blackgum 4.2 3 10.7 32 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 34 Pignut Hickory 5.3 3 13.5 30 Chestnut Oak 13.0 2 33.0 32 Chestnut Oak 13.7 2 34.8 34 Sugar Maple 3.0 4 7.6

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 34 Chestnut Oak 3.0 4 7.6 34 Northern Red Oak 8.2 2 20.8 37 Mocker Nut Hickory 8.6 3 21.8 34 Chestnut Oak 2.7 4 6.9 34 Blackgum 2.7 4 6.9 37 Chestnut Oak 4.9 4 12.4 34 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 34 Blackgum 4.3 4 10.9 37 Chestnut Oak 5.4 3 13.7 34 Chestnut Oak 11.2 2 28.4 34 Shagbark Hickory 4.3 4 10.9 37 Mocker Nut Hickory 10.4 2 26.4 34 Chestnut Oak 9.3 2 23.6 34 Shagbark Hickory 2.2 4 5.6 37 Sugar Maple 4.2 3 10.7 34 Pignut Hickory 12.2 2 31.0 35 Chestnut Oak 3.3 4 8.4 37 Chestnut Oak 15.1 2 38.4 34 Serviceberry 2.0 4 5.1 35 Chestnut Oak 7.1 3 18.0 37 Mocker Nut Hickory 11.6 2 29.5 34 Chestnut Oak 2.0 4 5.1 35 Chestnut Oak 7.2 3 18.3 37 Chestnut Oak 9.9 2 25.1 34 Chestnut Oak 13.7 2 34.8 35 Chestnut Oak 5.7 4 14.5 37 Chestnut Oak 6.1 3 15.5 34 Chestnut Oak 10.4 2 26.4 35 Pignut Hickory 14.6 2 37.1 37 Northern Red Oak 19.2 2 48.8 34 Chestnut Oak 12.8 4 32.5 35 Blackgum 2.8 4 7.1 37 Chestnut Oak 2.5 3 6.4 34 Sugar Maple 4.4 4 11.2 35 Blackgum 2.8 4 7.1 37 Mocker Nut Hickory 3.3 4 8.4 34 Chestnut Oak 14.8 2 37.6 35 Sourwood 8.3 3 21.1 37 Chestnut Oak 3.3 4 8.4 34 Chestnut Oak 8.1 2 20.6 35 Blackgum 2.5 4 6.4 37 Chestnut Oak 14.3 2 36.3 34 Chestnut Oak 10.6 2 26.9 35 Blackgum 6.6 3 16.8 37 Mocker Nut Hickory 5.5 3 14.0 34 Chestnut Oak 15.8 2 40.1 35 Sweetgum 3.4 4 8.6 37 Chestnut Oak 3.8 4 9.7 34 Chestnut Oak 15.8 2 40.1 35 Chestnut Oak 15.8 2 40.1 38 Chestnut Oak 11.7 2 29.7 34 Chestnut Oak 10.0 2 25.4 35 Blackgum 2.2 4 5.6 38 Chestnut Oak 29.5 1 74.9 34 Chestnut Oak 3.2 4 8.1 35 Black Oak 16.5 2 41.9 38 Chestnut Oak 10.9 2 27.7 34 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 35 Blackgum 2.4 4 6.1 38 Cucumber Magnolia 7.5 2 19.1 68 34 Chestnut Oak 17.3 2 43.9 35 Pignut Hickory 9.6 3 24.4 38 Cucumber Magnolia 3.0 4 7.6

34 Pignut Hickory 3.4 4 8.6 35 Scarlet Oak 14.9 2 37.8 38 Pignut Hickory 6.4 3 16.3 34 Eastern Red Cedar 2.9 4 7.4 35 Chestnut Oak 8.7 2 22.1 38 Chestnut Oak 9.6 2 24.4 34 Loblolly Pine 5.2 3 13.2 35 Chestnut Oak 11.7 2 29.7 38 blackgum 4.0 4 10.2 34 Pignut Hickory 2.1 4 5.3 35 Chestnut Oak 9.2 2 23.4 38 Pignut Hickory 4.3 3 10.9 34 Chestnut Oak 8.9 2 22.6 35 Chestnut Oak 2.2 4 5.6 38 Northern Red Oak 4.4 3 11.2 34 Shagbark Hickory 4.3 4 10.9 35 Chestnut Oak 14.2 2 36.1 38 Northern Red Oak 3.6 3 9.1 34 Chestnut Oak 10.5 2 26.7 35 Chestnut Oak 11.5 2 29.2 38 Blackgum 5.3 4 13.5 34 Ash 5.0 3 12.7 35 Chestnut Oak 7.7 3 19.6 38 Pignut Hickory 3.4 4 8.6 34 Shagbark Hickory 2.5 4 6.4 37 Northern Red Oak 17.1 1 43.4 38 blackgum 9.1 3 23.1 34 Shagbark Hickory 2.5 4 6.4 37 Chestnut Oak 13.8 2 35.1 38 Chestnut Oak 6.4 3 16.3 34 Blackgum 2.0 4 5.1 37 Pignut Hickory 7.9 2 20.1 38 Pignut Hickory 10.5 2 26.7 34 Shagbark Hickory 2.9 4 7.4 37 Pignut Hickory 12.9 2 32.8 38 Pignut Hickory 6.0 4 15.2 34 Shagbark Hickory 2.7 4 6.9 37 Chestnut Oak 3.4 4 8.6 38 Chestnut Oak 6.1 3 15.6 34 Blackgum 2.9 4 7.4 37 blackgum 4.2 4 10.7 38 Black Locust 10.7 4 27.2 34 Blackgum 4.7 4 11.9 37 Chestnut Oak 6.5 3 16.5 38 Pignut Hickory 7.3 2 18.5 34 Shagbark Hickory 3.2 4 8.1 37 Mocker Nut Hickory 5.7 3 14.5 38 Pignut Hickory 6.0 3 15.2

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 38 Chestnut Oak 4.3 3 10.9 40 Sugar Maple 13.8 2 35.1 42 Shagbark Hickory 22.6 2 57.4 38 Chestnut Oak 10.2 3 25.9 40 Sugar Maple 3.3 4 8.4 42 Shagbark Hickory 15.7 2 39.9 38 Chestnut Oak 4.7 3 11.9 40 Sugar Maple 8.4 2 21.3 42 Sugar Maple 5.6 3 14.2 38 Chestnut Oak 6.1 3 15.5 40 Eastern Redbud 2.1 4 5.3 42 Shagbark Hickory 10.5 2 26.7 39 White Oak 25.3 2 64.3 40 Sugar Maple 5.4 3 13.7 42 Shagbark Hickory 11.0 2 27.9 39 White Oak 25.4 2 64.5 40 Sugar Maple 11.1 2 28.2 42 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 39 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 40 Sugar Maple 5.0 4 12.7 42 Mocker Nut Hickory 8.0 3 20.3 39 Sugar Maple 8.7 2 22.1 40 Sugar Maple 4.0 4 10.2 42 Pignut Hickory 15.5 2 39.4 39 Sugar Maple 7.8 3 19.8 40 Sugar Maple 8.3 2 21.1 42 Black Locust 19.0 1 48.3 39 Sugar Maple 6.8 3 17.3 40 Sugar Maple 6.5 2 16.5 42 Winged Elm 2.2 4 5.6 39 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 40 Sugar Maple 11.2 2 28.4 42 Slippery Elm 5.1 3 13.0 39 White Oak 24.4 2 62.0 40 Sugar Maple 5.5 2 14.0 42 Shagbark Hickory 3.5 4 8.9 39 Sugar Maple 4.1 4 10.4 40 Sugar Maple 6.1 2 15.5 42 Mocker Nut Hickory 3.7 4 9.4 39 Sugar Maple 2.8 4 7.1 40 Sugar Maple 5.9 2 15.0 42 Sugar Maple 14.3 2 36.3 39 Sugar Maple 2.5 4 6.4 41 Chinkapin Oak 21.9 2 55.6 42 Northern Red Oak 8.6 3 21.8 39 Sugar Maple 10.7 3 27.2 41 Pignut Hickory 17.6 2 44.7 42 Mocker Nut Hickory 2.4 4 6.1 39 Sugar Maple 2.5 4 6.4 41 Pignut Hickory 2.2 4 5.6 42 Blackgum 5.1 3 13.0 39 Shagbark Hickory 19.3 2 49.0 41 Pignut Hickory 4.1 4 10.4 42 Mocker Nut Hickory 3.5 3 8.9 39 Ash 9.1 2 23.1 41 Sugar Maple 6.7 3 17.0 42 Mocker Nut Hickory 15.8 2 40.1

69 39 White Oak 4.0 3 10.2 41 Yellow Poplar 4.3 3 10.9 42 Blackgum 4.0 4 10.2

39 Sugar Maple 2.1 4 5.3 41 Yellow Poplar 3.8 4 9.7 42 Sugar Maple 4.0 3 10.2 39 Northern Red Oak 11.1 2 28.2 41 Chinkapin Oak 22.5 1 57.2 42 Sugar Maple 3.3 4 8.4 39 Sugar Maple 3.9 3 9.9 41 Basswood 10.2 2 25.9 43 Basswood 15.4 2 39.1 39 Shagbark Hickory 17.0 3 43.2 41 Black Walnut 16.0 2 40.6 43 Shagbark Hickory 21.0 1 53.3 39 Ash 9.5 2 24.1 41 Basswood 2.2 4 5.6 43 Shagbark Hickory 13.0 2 33.0 39 Sugar Maple 4.7 4 11.9 41 Basswood 10.1 2 25.7 43 Chestnut Oak 11.1 2 28.2 39 Sugar Maple 7.9 3 20.1 41 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 43 Basswood 8.5 2 21.6 39 Sugar Maple 5.2 3 13.2 41 Basswood 10.4 2 26.4 43 Slippery Elm 4.8 4 12.2 39 Sugar Maple 4.5 3 11.4 41 Sugar Maple 2.1 4 5.3 43 Northern Red Oak 16.4 1 41.7 40 Northern Red Oak 23.3 1 59.2 41 Yellow Buckeye 2.2 4 5.6 43 Shagbark Hickory 3.6 3 9.1 40 Shagbark Hickory 13.2 2 33.5 41 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 43 Eastern Redbud 7.8 4 19.8 40 Sugar Maple 7.4 3 18.8 41 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 43 Basswood 10.9 2 27.7 40 Sugar Maple 8.7 2 22.1 41 Cucumber Magnolia 4.2 4 10.7 43 Basswood 9.1 2 23.1 40 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 41 Sugar Maple 4.0 3 10.2 43 Winged Elm 3.0 4 7.6 40 Sugar Maple 8.5 2 21.6 41 Blackgum 10.3 3 26.2 43 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.7 4 6.9 40 Sugar Maple 8.4 2 21.3 41 Chinkapin Oak 5.0 3 12.7 45 Chestnut Oak 18.8 2 47.8

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 45 Sourwood 11.0 3 27.9 46 Northern Red Oak 8.6 3 21.8 49 Blackgum 11.0 3 27.9 45 Sourwood 5.8 3 14.7 46 Chestnut Oak 7.0 3 17.8 49 Black Cherry 13.1 3 33.3 45 Chestnut Oak 20.1 2 51.1 46 Blackgum 3.8 4 9.7 49 Shagbark Hickory 3.4 4 8.6 45 Sourwood 4.0 4 10.2 48 Chestnut Oak 13.7 2 34.8 49 Shagbark Hickory 2.3 4 5.8 45 Northern Red Oak 13.5 2 34.3 48 Pignut Hickory 8.8 2 22.4 49 Mocker Nut Hickory 3.1 4 7.9 45 Chestnut Oak 8.0 3 20.3 48 Blackgum 2.5 4 6.4 49 Basswood 4.8 4 12.2 45 Chestnut Oak 9.2 2 23.4 48 Mocker Nut Hickory 4.9 3 12.4 49 Basswood 12.4 2 31.5 45 Chestnut Oak 3.0 4 7.6 48 Chestnut Oak 6.0 3 15.2 49 Basswood 9.3 2 23.6 45 Chestnut Oak 9.6 2 24.4 48 Shagbark Hickory 3.8 4 9.7 49 Basswood 22.5 1 57.2 45 Chestnut Oak 14.5 2 36.8 48 Shagbark Hickory 2.3 4 5.8 49 Mocker Nut Hickory 4.1 4 10.4 45 White Oak 19.9 2 50.5 48 Pignut Hickory 14.4 2 36.6 49 Shagbark Hickory 11.0 5 27.9 45 Chestnut Oak 21.4 2 54.4 48 Mocker Nut Hickory 6.5 3 16.5 49 Mocker Nut Hickory 2.2 5 5.6 45 Chestnut Oak 15.8 2 40.1 48 Blackgum 7.0 3 17.8 49 Shagbark Hickory 7.1 5 18.0 45 Chestnut Oak 14.0 2 35.6 48 Blackgum 2.3 4 5.8 50 Mocker Nut Hickory 13.8 2 35.1 45 Chestnut Oak 6.4 3 16.3 48 Blackgum 2.7 4 6.9 50 Northern Red Oak 17.3 2 43.9 45 Pignut Hickory 5.0 3 12.7 48 Chestnut Oak 8.6 3 21.8 50 Mocker Nut Hickory 7.0 3 17.8 46 Northern Red Oak 24.3 1 61.7 48 Chestnut Oak 17.7 2 45.0 50 Yellow Poplar 3.7 3 9.4 46 Blackgum 2.0 4 5.1 48 Eastern Redbud 2.9 4 7.4 50 Flowering Dogwood 2.7 4 6.9 46 Sourwood 4.7 4 11.9 48 Chestnut Oak 3.2 4 8.1 50 Yellow Poplar 6.3 3 16.0 46 Chestnut Oak 4.3 4 10.9 48 Blackgum 2.4 4 6.1 50 Cucumber Magnolia 3.5 3 8.9 70 46 Chestnut Oak 5.2 3 13.2 48 Northern Red Oak 18.7 2 47.5 50 Yellow Poplar 11.3 2 28.7

46 Blackgum 2.8 4 7.1 48 Blackgum 2.0 4 5.1 50 Pignut Hickory 13.0 2 33.0 46 Blackgum 2.5 4 6.4 48 White Oak 11.2 2 28.4 50 Sugar Maple 5.3 3 13.5 46 Chestnut Oak 3.2 4 8.1 48 Blackgum 2.3 4 5.8 50 Sugar Maple 2.8 4 7.1 46 Blackgum 2.0 4 5.1 48 Shagbark Hickory 6.4 3 16.3 50 Chestnut Oak 23.3 2 59.2 46 Chestnut Oak 21.8 2 55.4 48 Blackgum 3.3 4 8.4 50 Pignut Hickory 3.9 3 9.9 46 Chestnut Oak 4.2 4 10.7 48 Chestnut Oak 5.8 3 14.7 50 Chestnut Oak 27.3 2 69.3 46 Chestnut Oak 3.0 4 7.6 48 White Oak 3.7 3 9.4 50 Chestnut Oak 5.3 3 13.5 46 Chestnut Oak 23.4 2 59.4 48 Mocker Nut Hickory 8.2 2 20.8 50 Sassafras 4.0 3 10.2 46 Chestnut Oak 8.5 3 21.6 49 Northern Red Oak 32.7 2 83.1 50 Yellow Poplar 17.1 2 43.4 46 Chestnut Oak 9.6 3 24.4 49 Sassafras 3.5 4 8.9 51 Northern Red Oak 26.5 1 67.3 46 Chestnut Oak 14.7 2 37.3 49 Shagbark Hickory 2.0 4 5.1 51 Northern Red Oak 14.8 2 37.6 46 Blackgum 2.1 4 5.3 49 Mocker Nut Hickory 8.5 3 21.6 51 Sugar Maple 3.4 4 8.6 46 Blackgum 3.2 4 8.1 49 Mocker Nut Hickory 4.7 4 11.9 51 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 46 Chestnut Oak 7.3 3 18.5 49 Slippery Elm 2.6 4 6.6 51 Sugar Maple 4.9 3 12.4 46 Chestnut Oak 11.3 2 28.7 49 Pignut Hickory 4.3 4 10.9 51 Sugar Maple 4.8 3 12.2 46 Chestnut Oak 11.5 2 29.2 49 Shagbark Hickory 4.5 3 11.4 51 Chestnut Oak 5.7 3 14.5

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 51 Sugar Maple 2.3 4 5.8 52 Northern Red Oak 15.4 2 39.1 53 Sugar Maple 2.1 4 5.3 51 Sugar Maple 2.4 4 6.1 52 Flowering Dogwood 2.9 4 7.4 53 Cucumber Magnolia 2.1 4 5.3 51 Sourwood 5.6 4 14.2 52 Persimmon 5.7 2 14.5 53 Sugar Maple 2.8 4 7.1 51 Chestnut Oak 6.5 3 16.5 52 Eastern Red Cedar 13.6 2 34.5 53 Sugar Maple 3.1 4 7.9 51 Mocker Nut Hickory 5.5 3 14.0 52 Northern Red Oak 17.5 2 44.5 53 Sugar Maple 2.3 4 5.8 51 Pignut Hickory 5.6 3 14.2 52 Eastern Hophornbeam 3.3 4 8.4 53 Sugar Maple 3.7 3 9.4 51 Yellow Poplar 4.0 3 10.2 52 Eastern Hophornbeam 3.8 4 9.7 53 Sugar Maple 2.1 4 5.4 51 Shagbark Hickory 3.4 4 8.6 52 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.1 4 5.3 53 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 51 Sugar Maple 3.7 4 9.4 52 Northern Red Oak 5.2 3 13.2 53 Sugar Maple 8.4 2 21.3 51 Mocker Nut Hickory 7.5 3 19.1 52 Blackhaw 2.5 4 6.4 53 Sugar Maple 6.6 2 16.8 51 Sourwood 6.3 3 16.0 52 Blackhaw 2.0 4 5.1 53 White Oak 19.3 2 49.0 51 Sugar Maple 6.2 3 15.7 52 Sugar Maple 2.3 4 5.8 53 Sugar Maple 17.5 2 44.5 51 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 52 Carolina Buckthorn 2.0 4 5.1 54 Northern Red Oak 21.1 2 53.6 51 Pignut Hickory 3.4 4 8.6 52 Flowering Dogwood 2.4 4 6.2 54 Sugar Maple 10.1 2 25.7 51 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 52 Eastern Redbud 2.1 4 5.3 54 Sugar Maple 8.9 2 22.6 51 Sugar Maple 2.5 4 6.4 52 Sassafras 5.4 3 13.7 54 Shagbark Hickory 7.1 2 18.1 51 Pignut Hickory 6.3 3 16.0 52 Chinkapin Oak 6.7 2 17.0 54 Sugar Maple 10.0 2 25.4 51 Chestnut Oak 23.4 1 59.4 52 Northern Red Oak 12.9 2 32.8 54 Ash 4.9 3 12.4 51 Northern Red Oak 12.3 2 31.2 52 Eastern Redbud 3.8 4 9.7 54 Persimmon 6.8 3 17.3 51 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 52 Northern Red Oak 11.2 2 28.4 54 Sugar Maple 2.5 4 6.4 71 51 Pignut Hickory 11.8 2 30.0 52 Blackhaw 2.6 4 6.6 54 Sugar Maple 5.1 3 13.0

51 Mocker Nut Hickory 6.3 3 16.0 52 Ash 2.5 2 6.4 54 Northern Red Oak 7.4 3 18.8 51 Sugar Maple 4.1 4 10.4 52 Eastern Hophornbeam 5.1 4 13.0 54 Sugar Maple 5.3 3 13.5 51 Yellow Poplar 3.6 3 9.1 53 Chinkapin Oak 12.7 2 32.3 54 Sugar Maple 4.3 3 10.9 51 Yellow Poplar 4.1 3 10.4 53 Chinkapin Oak 18.2 1 46.2 54 Ash 3.3 4 8.4 52 Northern Red Oak 14.1 1 35.8 53 Ash 3.8 4 9.7 54 Eastern Red Cedar 2.0 4 5.1 52 Yellow Poplar 16.5 1 41.9 53 Sugar Maple 5.7 3 14.5 54 Eastern Redbud 3.0 4 7.6 52 Northern Red Oak 12.6 2 32.0 53 Sugar Maple 5.0 3 12.7 54 Ash 17.9 1 45.5 52 Blackhaw 2.7 4 6.9 53 Sugar Maple 2.7 4 6.9 54 Sugar Maple 5.8 3 14.7 52 Ash 7.4 2 18.8 53 Sugar Maple 2.7 4 6.9 54 Pignut Hickory 4.3 3 10.9 52 Northern Red Oak 7.3 3 18.5 53 Sugar Maple 3.7 3 9.4 54 Sugar Maple 3.0 3 7.6 52 Persimmon 2.7 4 6.9 53 Eastern Redbud 7.1 3 18.1 54 Sugar Maple 3.4 3 8.6 52 Persimmon 2.4 4 6.1 53 Chinkapin Oak 17.1 1 43.4 54 Sugar Maple 9.2 2 23.4 52 Sassafras 4.4 4 11.2 53 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 54 Eastern Red Cedar 3.3 4 8.4 52 Chinkapin Oak 5.5 3 14.0 53 Sugar Maple 3.3 3 8.4 54 Chestnut Oak 19.0 1 48.3 52 American Elm 3.3 3 8.4 53 Sugar Maple 16.1 2 40.9 54 Eastern Redbud 4.4 4 11.2 52 Chinkapin Oak 3.1 4 7.9 53 Sugar Maple 3.5 3 8.9 54 Chestnut Oak 8.0 2 20.3

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 54 Eastern Redbud 3.7 4 9.4 56 Blackgum 4.9 3 12.4 57 Yellow Poplar 19.3 2 49.0 54 Northern Red Oak 9.3 2 23.6 56 Yellow Buckeye 3.0 4 7.6 57 Basswood 2.8 4 7.1 54 Eastern Redbud 2.6 4 6.6 56 Sugar Maple 2.4 4 6.1 57 Yellow Poplar 22.9 2 58.2 55 Sugar Maple 14.7 2 37.3 56 Chinkapin Oak 6.9 2 17.5 57 Yellow Poplar 11.3 2 28.7 55 Northern Red Oak 15.6 2 39.6 56 Northern Red Oak 11.3 2 28.7 57 Yellow Poplar 22.0 3 55.9 55 Sassafras 2.6 4 6.6 56 Eastern Redbud 4.6 3 11.7 57 Basswood 3.2 3 8.1 55 Sugar Maple 9.9 2 25.1 56 Sugar Maple 3.2 4 8.1 57 Yellow Poplar 11.9 2 30.2 55 Sugar Maple 11.0 2 27.9 56 Ash 9.3 2 23.7 57 Blackgum 2.8 4 7.1 55 Flowering Dogwood 3.0 4 7.6 56 Sassafras 5.1 3 13.0 57 Blackgum 2.2 4 5.6 55 Cucumber Magnolia 4.7 3 11.9 56 Ash 11.8 1 30.0 57 Yellow Poplar 25.2 1 64.0 55 Flowering Dogwood 2.5 4 6.4 56 Eastern Redbud 2.2 4 5.7 57 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 55 Sugar Maple 2.3 4 5.8 56 Sassafras 9.0 2 22.9 58 Yellow Poplar 40.0 1 101.6 55 Cucumber Magnolia 3.9 3 9.9 56 Northern Red Oak 12.7 2 32.3 58 Basswood 6.5 3 16.5 55 Sugar Maple 11.4 2 29.0 56 Eastern Redbud 3.3 4 8.4 58 Shagbark Hickory 14.2 2 36.1 55 Sugar Maple 12.0 3 30.5 56 Cucumber Magnolia 2.0 4 5.1 58 Sassafras 4.5 4 11.4 55 Sugar Maple 8.1 3 20.6 56 Winged Elm 2.7 4 6.9 58 Shagbark Hickory 18.2 2 46.2 55 Ash 9.7 2 24.6 56 Sugar Maple 6.7 3 17.0 58 Basswood 2.5 4 6.4 55 Sassafras 8.1 3 20.6 56 Northern Red Oak 10.1 2 25.7 58 Blackgum 9.0 3 22.9 55 Cucumber Magnolia 2.5 4 6.4 56 Northern Red Oak 10.0 2 25.4 58 Sugar Maple 3.8 4 9.7 55 Sassafras 2.0 4 5.1 56 Ash 9.5 2 24.1 58 Eastern Redbud 3.3 4 8.4 72 55 Sugar Maple 7.9 3 20.1 56 Flowering Dogwood 2.7 4 6.9 58 Black Walnut 9.2 3 23.4

55 Cucumber Magnolia 3.7 3 9.4 57 Pignut Hickory 11.5 2 29.2 58 Shagbark Hickory 16.7 2 42.4 55 Northern Red Oak 18.5 1 47.0 57 Blackgum 4.8 3 12.2 58 Basswood 4.6 3 11.7 55 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 57 Yellow Poplar 33.2 1 84.3 59 Winged Elm 2.0 4 5.1 55 Cucumber Magnolia 3.7 3 9.4 57 Sugar Maple 2.1 4 5.4 59 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 55 Sassafras 2.5 4 6.4 57 Yellow Buckeye 2.8 4 7.1 59 Northern Red Oak 28.8 1 73.2 56 Ash 12.7 2 32.3 57 Pignut Hickory 10.0 2 25.4 59 Sugar Maple 2.4 4 6.1 56 Ash 7.5 2 19.1 57 Sugar Maple 12.5 2 31.8 59 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 56 Eastern Redbud 4.3 3 10.9 57 Blackgum 6.0 3 15.2 59 Northern Red Oak 16.0 2 40.6 56 Eastern Redbud 5.7 3 14.5 57 Blackgum 4.2 3 10.7 59 Sugar Maple 7.6 3 19.3 56 Eastern Redbud 5.9 3 15.0 57 Basswood 4.0 3 10.2 59 Blackgum 7.4 3 18.9 56 Persimmon 2.7 4 6.9 57 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 59 Sugar Maple 2.4 4 6.1 56 Blackhaw 2.0 4 5.1 57 Pignut Hickory 8.4 3 21.3 59 Sugar Maple 4.5 4 11.4 56 Eastern Redbud 5.7 3 14.5 57 Basswood 2.2 4 5.7 59 Sugar Maple 4.0 4 10.2 56 Black Locust 6.0 2 15.2 57 Sugar Maple 2.9 4 7.4 59 Pignut Hickory 13.2 2 33.5 56 Blackhaw 3.1 4 7.9 57 Basswood 2.5 4 6.4 59 Shagbark Hickory 8.8 3 22.4 56 Eastern Redbud 5.0 3 12.7 57 Basswood 2.8 4 7.1 59 Sugar Maple 5.4 3 13.7

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 59 Sugar Maple 3.9 4 9.9 61 White Oak 8.5 2 21.6 61 Slippery Elm 3.7 4 9.4 59 Sugar Maple 3.4 4 8.6 61 Northern Red Oak 11.5 2 29.2 61 Slippery Elm 2.6 4 6.6 59 Sugar Maple 2.9 4 7.4 61 Northern Red Oak 16.7 2 42.4 61 Sugar Maple 2.3 4 5.8 59 Sugar Maple 2.3 4 5.8 61 Northern Red Oak 14.2 2 36.1 61 Sugar Maple 3.2 4 8.1 59 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 61 Winged Elm 2.1 4 5.3 61 Chestnut Oak 10.6 2 26.9 59 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 61 Northern Red Oak 8.6 2 21.8 61 American Elm 10.0 3 25.4 59 Sugar Maple 4.3 4 10.9 61 Winged Elm 2.0 4 5.1 61 Sugar Maple 6.3 3 16.0 59 Pignut Hickory 7.0 3 17.8 61 Sugar Maple 6.4 3 16.3 61 Chestnut Oak 12.1 2 30.7 59 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 61 Sugar Maple 2.7 4 6.9 62 Sugar Maple 9.5 2 24.1 59 Pignut Hickory 10.4 3 26.4 61 Chestnut Oak 11.9 2 30.2 62 Chestnut Oak 14.1 2 35.8 59 Sugar Maple 3.0 4 7.6 61 Basswood 3.0 4 7.6 62 Sugar Maple 3.0 4 7.6 59 Northern Red Oak 36.4 2 92.5 61 Chestnut Oak 9.6 2 24.4 62 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 59 Pignut Hickory 18.7 2 47.5 61 Basswood 3.8 3 9.7 62 Chestnut Oak 19.5 2 49.5 59 Northern Red Oak 28.3 2 71.9 61 Eastern Redbud 6.5 4 16.5 62 White Oak 12.9 2 32.8 60 White Oak 10.2 2 25.9 61 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 62 Sugar Maple 3.5 4 8.9 60 Pignut Hickory 16.8 2 42.7 61 Basswood 4.1 3 10.5 62 Chestnut Oak 22.4 2 56.9 60 Chestnut Oak 4.7 3 11.9 61 Sugar Maple 3.7 3 9.4 62 Sugar Maple 8.8 3 22.4 60 Pignut Hickory 17.0 2 43.2 61 Persimmon 4.4 3 11.2 62 Sassafras 7.3 2 18.5 60 Blackgum 2.4 4 6.1 61 Mocker Nut Hickory 10.1 2 25.7 62 Cucumber Magnolia 3.8 3 9.7 60 Chestnut Oak 19.4 2 49.3 61 Northern Red Oak 7.5 2 19.1 62 Sassafras 14.2 2 36.1 73 60 Eastern Redbud 2.8 4 7.1 61 Sugar Maple 4.6 3 11.7 62 Cucumber Magnolia 4.4 3 11.2

60 Chestnut Oak 4.1 4 10.4 61 Chinkapin Oak 7.8 3 19.8 62 Sassafras 6.5 3 16.5 60 Chestnut Oak 6.2 2 15.7 61 Sugar Maple 4.9 3 12.4 62 Sassafras 6.8 3 17.3 60 Blackgum 2.2 4 5.6 61 Basswood 4.0 4 10.2 62 Chestnut Oak 24.2 2 61.5 60 Eastern Redbud 2.8 4 7.1 61 Northern Red Oak 19.0 1 48.3 62 Sugar Maple 3.9 3 9.9 60 White Oak 21.6 2 54.9 61 Chestnut Oak 11.4 2 29.0 62 Sugar Maple 2.4 4 6.1 60 Pignut Hickory 17.8 2 45.2 61 Cucumber Magnolia 7.4 3 18.8 62 Blackgum 3.9 4 9.9 60 White Oak 14.0 2 35.6 61 Sugar Maple 3.8 4 9.7 62 Sugar Maple 4.0 3 10.2 60 Blackgum 5.9 4 15.0 61 Pignut Hickory 4.2 3 10.7 62 Sassafras 3.1 3 7.9 60 Pignut Hickory 4.2 3 10.7 61 Ash 3.5 4 8.9 62 White Oak 17.0 2 43.2 60 Chestnut Oak 12.2 3 31.0 61 Sugar Maple 8.1 3 20.6 62 Blackgum 4.6 3 11.7 60 Blackgum 2.0 4 5.1 61 Sugar Maple 5.8 3 14.7 62 Sassafras 5.4 3 13.7 60 Shagbark Hickory 4.6 3 11.7 61 Black Walnut 15.7 3 39.9 63 Winged Elm 6.0 2 15.2 60 Sweetgum 3.1 4 7.9 61 Sugar Maple 3.6 3 9.1 63 Eastern Red Cedar 6.2 2 15.7 60 Pignut Hickory 4.3 3 10.9 61 Basswood 2.0 4 5.1 63 Eastern Red Cedar 4.2 4 10.7 60 Blackgum 2.2 4 5.6 61 Basswood 2.4 4 6.1 63 Shagbark Hickory 6.9 1 17.5 60 White Oak 3.9 3 9.9 61 Basswood 14.5 2 36.8 63 Northern Red Oak 4.7 3 11.9

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 63 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.0 4 5.1 63 Eastern Red Cedar 4.8 4 12.2 65 Pignut Hickory 9.0 3 22.9 63 Eastern Red Cedar 7.2 2 18.3 63 Eastern Red Cedar 3.9 3 9.9 65 Ash 4.4 4 11.2 63 Persimmon 7.2 2 18.3 63 Chinkapin Oak 7.0 2 17.8 65 Ash 2.2 4 5.6 63 Eastern Redbud 3.4 4 8.6 63 Northern Red Oak 9.1 2 23.1 65 Black Oak 16.6 2 42.2 63 Chinkapin Oak 20.7 1 52.6 63 Northern Red Oak 9.1 2 23.1 65 Basswood 2.3 4 5.8 63 Eastern Red Cedar 5.3 3 13.5 63 Shagbark Hickory 4.6 3 11.7 65 Basswood 3.5 4 8.9 63 Eastern Red Cedar 4.4 3 11.2 63 Winged Elm 5.2 2 13.2 65 Shagbark Hickory 19.1 2 48.5 63 Eastern Red Cedar 7.2 2 18.3 64 Chestnut Oak 10.4 2 26.4 65 Sugar Maple 8.2 3 20.8 63 Winged Elm 2.3 4 5.8 64 Northern Red Oak 22.2 1 56.4 65 Sassafras 8.2 3 20.8 63 Winged Elm 2.6 3 6.6 64 Chestnut Oak 9.1 2 23.1 65 Shagbark Hickory 19.9 2 50.5 63 Eastern Red Cedar 6.0 3 15.2 64 Chestnut Oak 2.6 4 6.6 65 Winged Elm 2.2 4 5.6 63 Winged Elm 3.7 3 9.4 64 Chestnut Oak 6.1 2 15.5 65 Ash 2.0 4 5.1 63 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.0 4 5.1 64 Chestnut Oak 7.4 3 18.8 65 Eastern Redbud 4.5 4 11.4 63 Eastern Red Cedar 5.4 3 13.7 64 Shagbark Hickory 3.3 4 8.4 65 Sassafras 5.5 3 14.0 63 Winged Elm 3.6 4 9.1 64 Eastern Red Cedar 6.3 3 16.0 65 Eastern Redbud 4.9 3 12.4 63 Eastern Hophornbeam 3.2 4 8.1 64 Shagbark Hickory 5.0 3 12.7 65 Basswood 2.0 4 5.1 63 Shagbark Hickory 3.8 3 9.7 64 Northern Red Oak 10.0 2 25.4 65 Shagbark Hickory 4.0 3 10.2 63 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.7 3 6.9 64 Northern Red Oak 2.0 4 5.1 65 Sugar Maple 7.6 3 19.3 63 Eastern Redbud 6.2 3 15.7 64 Chestnut Oak 6.2 3 15.7 65 Ash 8.1 3 20.6 63 Eastern Red Cedar 2.1 4 5.3 64 Blackgum 13.8 2 35.1 65 American Elm 3.8 3 9.7 74 63 Blackhaw 2.0 4 5.1 64 Mocker Nut Hickory 2.2 4 5.6 65 Mocker Nut Hickory 5.1 2 13.0

63 Blackhaw 2.6 4 6.6 64 Chestnut Oak 2.1 4 5.3 65 Ash 4.0 4 10.2 63 Winged Elm 3.8 3 9.7 64 Chestnut Oak 2.1 4 5.3 65 Shagbark Hickory 19.6 2 49.8 63 Northern Red Oak 10.1 2 25.7 64 Chestnut Oak 3.2 4 8.1 65 American Elm 3.3 4 8.4 63 Eastern Red Cedar 3.6 3 9.1 64 Chestnut Oak 2.3 4 5.8 65 Ash 3.5 4 8.9 63 Ash 2.9 4 7.4 64 Chestnut Oak 9.0 2 22.9 66 White Oak 9.0 2 22.9 63 Eastern Red Cedar 3.4 3 8.6 64 Chestnut Oak 9.5 2 24.1 66 Ash 7.9 2 20.1 63 Winged Elm 2.5 4 6.4 64 Chestnut Oak 3.0 4 7.6 66 White Oak 15.2 2 38.6 63 Eastern Red Cedar 3.2 4 8.1 64 Shagbark Hickory 7.8 2 19.8 66 Sugar Maple 3.4 4 8.6 63 Eastern Red Cedar 4.5 3 11.4 64 Chestnut Oak 4.9 3 12.4 66 Sugar Maple 15.3 2 38.9 63 Eastern Red Cedar 4.3 3 10.9 64 Chestnut Oak 4.2 4 10.7 66 Sugar Maple 5.3 3 13.5 63 Chestnut Oak 8.1 3 20.6 64 Chestnut Oak 5.5 3 14.0 66 Sugar Maple 2.9 4 7.4 63 Northern Red Oak 5.0 2 12.7 64 Chestnut Oak 2.8 4 7.1 66 Chestnut Oak 4.8 3 12.2 63 Eastern Red Cedar 6.3 2 16.0 64 Chestnut Oak 2.2 4 5.6 66 White Oak 5.8 3 14.7 63 Northern Red Oak 10.3 2 26.2 65 Mocker Nut Hickory 21.7 2 55.1 66 Sassafras 6.3 4 16.0 63 Shagbark Hickory 7.0 2 17.8 65 Pignut Hickory 31.2 1 79.2 66 White Oak 7.0 2 17.8 63 Winged Elm 4.4 3 11.2 65 Slippery Elm 2.2 4 5.6 66 White Oak 5.9 3 15.0

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 66 Sassafras 8.2 2 20.8 68 Eastern Redbud 2.2 4 5.6 70 Sassafras 4.8 3 12.2 66 White Oak 17.1 2 43.4 68 Eastern Redbud 5.7 4 14.5 70 Eastern Redbud 3.3 4 8.4 66 White Oak 12.0 2 30.5 68 Shagbark Hickory 4.0 4 10.2 70 Black Oak 31.2 2 79.2 66 Northern Red Oak 11.4 2 29.0 68 Slippery Elm 3.5 4 8.9 70 Pignut Hickory 3.5 4 8.9 66 Northern Red Oak 15.0 2 38.1 68 Eastern Redbud 4.3 4 10.9 70 Yellow Poplar 4.6 3 11.7 66 Sugar Maple 7.1 3 18.0 68 Cucumber Magnolia 5.7 4 14.5 70 Eastern Redbud 2.4 4 6.1 66 Ash 8.7 2 22.1 68 Mocker Nut Hickory 12.9 2 32.8 70 Mocker Nut Hickory 2.7 4 6.9 66 Sassafras 6.7 3 17.0 68 Mocker Nut Hickory 18.2 2 46.2 70 Chestnut Oak 4.8 4 12.2 66 Persimmon 5.7 3 14.5 68 Blackgum 2.0 4 5.1 70 Carolina Buckthorn 2.0 4 5.1 66 Sassafras 6.2 3 15.7 68 Eastern Redbud 3.0 4 7.6 70 Black Oak 32.1 1 81.5 66 Shagbark Hickory 8.3 2 21.1 68 Ash 4.6 3 11.7 70 Eastern Redbud 4.6 4 11.7 66 Northern Red Oak 4.1 4 10.4 68 Ash 11.5 2 29.2 70 Chestnut Oak 3.2 4 8.1 66 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.0 4 5.1 68 Blackgum 4.0 4 10.2 70 Black Oak 20.2 2 51.3 67 Sugar Maple 9.3 3 23.6 68 Blackgum 3.1 4 7.9 71 Black Locust 9.5 2 24.1 67 Shagbark Hickory 9.2 2 23.4 68 Carolina Buckthorn 2.0 4 5.1 71 Chinkapin Oak 7.3 2 18.5 67 Northern Red Oak 12.1 2 30.7 69 Basswood 17.8 2 45.2 71 Chinkapin Oak 2.8 4 7.1 67 Shagbark Hickory 14.7 2 37.3 69 Basswood 4.7 4 11.9 71 Chinkapin Oak 3.8 4 9.7 67 Eastern Redbud 5.0 3 12.7 69 Basswood 2.8 4 7.1 71 Winged Elm 3.8 4 9.7 67 Black Locust 13.8 3 35.1 69 Sassafras 14.7 2 37.3 71 Northern Red Oak 4.7 3 11.9 67 Winged Elm 3.3 4 8.4 69 Basswood 8.9 2 22.6 71 Slippery Elm 5.7 3 14.5 75 67 Chestnut Oak 10.7 2 27.2 69 Basswood 2.9 4 7.4 71 Northern Red Oak 17.3 1 43.9

67 Chestnut Oak 3.8 4 9.7 69 Basswood 2.3 4 5.8 71 Chinkapin Oak 4.8 3 12.2 67 Winged Elm 2.5 4 6.4 69 Basswood 11.1 2 28.2 71 Chinkapin Oak 3.9 4 9.9 67 Ash 24.7 1 62.7 69 Basswood 2.1 4 5.3 71 Sugar Maple 2.3 4 5.8 67 Black Cherry 3.8 4 9.7 69 Basswood 13.9 9 35.3 71 Chinkapin Oak 12.2 2 31.0 67 Mocker Nut Hickory 6.5 3 16.5 69 Basswood 9.3 3 23.6 71 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 67 Eastern Redbud 4.5 4 11.4 69 Basswood 5.4 3 13.7 71 Eastern Redbud 2.5 4 6.4 67 Eastern Redbud 2.2 4 5.6 69 Eastern Redbud 5.7 3 14.5 71 Shagbark Hickory 14.9 3 37.8 67 Winged Elm 3.1 4 7.9 69 Basswood 9.2 2 23.4 71 White Oak 2.9 4 7.4 67 Pignut Hickory 13.1 2 33.3 69 Shagbark Hickory 6.6 3 16.8 71 Black Locust 7.0 3 17.8 67 Cucumber Magnolia 4.9 4 12.4 70 White Oak 2.6 4 6.6 71 Winged Elm 3.5 4 8.9 67 Winged Elm 2.4 4 6.1 70 Sassafras 6.7 3 17.0 71 Chinkapin Oak 7.2 2 18.3 67 Black Cherry 3.2 4 8.1 70 Pignut Hickory 10.7 3 27.2 71 White Oak 2.7 4 6.9 67 Eastern Redbud 2.8 4 7.1 70 Carolina Buckthorn 2.1 4 5.3 71 Black Locust 7.8 2 19.8 68 Shagbark Hickory 12.4 1 31.5 70 Mocker Nut Hickory 8.6 3 21.8 71 Winged Elm 3.0 4 7.6 68 Eastern Redbud 2.7 4 6.9 70 Mocker Nut Hickory 20.0 2 50.8 71 Winged Elm 7.1 3 18.1 68 Yellow Poplar 4.0 4 10.2 70 Black Oak 23.9 2 60.7 71 Northern Red Oak 4.9 3 12.4

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 71 Black Locust 8.6 2 21.8 75 White Oak 14.0 2 35.6 76 Sweetgum 2.3 4 5.8 71 White Oak 2.0 4 5.1 75 Chestnut Oak 18.0 1 45.7 76 Chestnut Oak 3.1 4 7.9 71 Black Locust 6.7 2 17.0 75 Pignut Hickory 10.0 3 25.4 76 Chestnut Oak 4.6 3 11.7 71 Shagbark Hickory 2.0 4 5.1 75 Chestnut Oak 15.7 2 39.9 76 Chestnut Oak 3.0 4 7.6 71 American Elm 7.2 2 18.3 75 Chestnut Oak 23.6 1 59.9 76 Chestnut Oak 4.7 3 11.9 71 Winged Elm 2.9 4 7.4 75 Chestnut Oak 8.4 3 21.3 77 Chestnut Oak 14.4 2 36.6 71 American Elm 11.9 2 30.2 75 Persimmon 2.6 4 6.6 77 Chestnut Oak 8.7 2 22.1 71 Hackberry 5.7 3 14.5 75 White Oak 2.3 4 5.8 77 Blackgum 3.2 4 8.1 71 Hackberry 2.1 4 5.3 75 Loblolly Pine 6.8 3 17.3 77 Chestnut Oak 14.6 2 37.1 71 Shagbark Hickory 3.6 3 9.1 75 Sugar Maple 3.8 4 9.7 77 Blackgum 2.0 4 5.1 71 Black Locust 2.1 3 5.3 75 Black Oak 4.3 4 10.9 77 Mocker Nut Hickory 2.7 4 6.9 71 Chinkapin Oak 7.5 2 19.1 75 Sugar Maple 2.5 4 6.4 77 Blackgum 4.8 4 12.2 74 Mulberry 5.3 2 13.5 75 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 77 Blackgum 3.2 4 8.1 74 Shagbark Hickory 7.4 2 18.8 75 Serviceberry 2.1 4 5.3 77 Blackgum 5.0 4 12.7 74 Sassafras 6.7 3 17.0 75 Blackgum 16.4 2 41.7 77 Chinkapin Oak 8.8 2 22.4 74 Black Locust 7.6 2 19.3 75 Sugar Maple 2.1 4 5.3 77 blackgum 2.4 4 6.1 74 Sassafras 13.8 2 35.1 75 Chestnut Oak 9.1 3 23.1 77 Chestnut Oak 22.3 1 56.6 74 Shagbark Hickory 5.4 4 13.7 75 Chestnut Oak 8.3 3 21.1 77 Serviceberry 2.3 4 5.8 74 Shagbark Hickory 4.0 3 10.2 75 Chestnut Oak 18.9 2 48.0 77 Blackgum 2.0 4 5.1 74 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.9 4 7.4 76 Chestnut Oak 23.6 2 59.9 77 Blackgum 2.4 4 6.1 76 74 Chestnut Oak 3.8 3 9.7 76 Sweetgum 6.4 3 16.3 77 Blackgum 4.1 4 10.4

74 Sugar Maple 3.4 3 8.6 76 Sourwood 4.5 4 11.4 77 Pignut Hickory 9.3 2 23.6 74 Shagbark Hickory 4.2 4 10.8 76 Chestnut Oak 3.5 4 8.9 77 Chestnut Oak 28.9 2 73.4 74 Eastern Hophornbeam 5.1 4 13.0 76 Chestnut Oak 17.7 2 45.0 77 Sourwood 11.4 3 29.0 74 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.8 4 7.1 76 Flowering Dogwood 2.1 4 5.3 77 Pignut Hickory 13.3 2 33.8 74 Persimmon 8.3 2 21.1 76 Pignut Hickory 2.7 4 6.9 77 Blackgum 2.9 4 7.4 74 Shagbark Hickory 4.9 3 12.4 76 Sweetgum 2.1 4 5.3 77 Pignut Hickory 4.3 4 10.9 74 Mocker Nut Hickory 4.8 3 12.2 76 Blackgum 5.5 3 14.0 77 Blackgum 4.3 4 10.9 74 Persimmon 10.7 2 27.2 76 Blackgum 3.3 4 8.4 77 Blackgum 4.5 4 11.4 74 Shagbark Hickory 6.7 3 17.0 76 Chestnut Oak 16.4 2 41.7 77 Blackgum 2.7 4 6.9 74 Chestnut Oak 4.0 4 10.2 76 Chestnut Oak 20.4 2 51.8 77 Chestnut Oak 6.6 3 16.8 74 Winged Elm 3.7 4 9.4 76 Blackgum 3.0 4 7.6 77 Chestnut Oak 16.0 2 40.6 74 Persimmon 8.1 2 20.6 76 Sweetgum 6.3 3 16.0 77 Chestnut Oak 3.0 4 7.6 74 Pignut Hickory 7.4 3 18.8 76 Chestnut Oak 3.2 4 8.1 77 Chestnut Oak 9.7 2 24.6 75 Mocker Nut Hickory 13.7 2 34.8 76 Chestnut Oak 4.3 3 10.9 77 Blackgum 5.8 3 14.7 75 Blackgum 2.0 4 5.1 76 White Oak 20.2 1 51.3 77 Chestnut Oak 10.2 5 25.9 75 Chestnut Oak 7.4 3 18.8 76 White Oak 11.4 2 29.0 77 Chestnut Oak 3.4 4 8.6

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 78 Mocker Nut Hickory 15.3 2 38.9 80 Black Oak 20.9 2 53.1 82 Ash 3.4 3 8.6 78 Shagbark Hickory 10.4 2 26.4 80 Blackgum 4.7 3 11.9 82 Persimmon 4.6 3 11.7 78 Ash 2.5 4 6.4 80 Black Cherry 4.5 4 11.4 82 Blackgum 2.6 4 6.6 78 Shagbark Hickory 3.5 4 8.9 80 Blackgum 6.7 3 17.0 82 White Oak 6.2 3 15.7 78 Eastern Redbud 3.7 4 9.4 80 Shagbark Hickory 19.1 2 48.5 82 Winged Elm 2.8 4 7.1 78 Eastern Redbud 3.0 4 7.6 80 Chestnut Oak 21.3 2 54.1 82 Loblolly Pine 22.4 1 56.9 78 Shagbark Hickory 24.1 2 61.2 80 Blackgum 5.8 3 14.7 82 Shagbark Hickory 2.3 4 5.8 78 Shagbark Hickory 7.0 3 17.8 80 Black Cherry 2.2 4 5.6 82 Pignut Hickory 3.5 4 9.0 78 Black Locust 22.8 2 57.9 80 Ash 7.2 4 18.3 82 White Oak 11.1 2 28.2 78 Mocker Nut Hickory 10.1 3 25.7 80 Blackgum 4.4 4 11.2 82 Northern Red Oak 2.5 4 6.4 78 Basswood 13.5 2 34.3 80 Blackgum 7.3 3 18.5 82 Persimmon 2.2 4 5.6 78 Basswood 9.2 3 23.4 80 Mocker Nut Hickory 8.8 3 22.4 82 White Oak 17.5 2 44.5 78 Basswood 5.6 3 14.2 80 Blackgum 2.9 4 7.4 83 Eastern Redbud 3.8 4 9.7 78 Basswood 4.6 3 11.7 80 Blackgum 2.3 4 5.8 83 Chestnut Oak 6.0 3 15.2 78 Basswood 2.4 4 6.1 81 Mocker Nut Hickory 9.9 3 25.1 83 Shagbark Hickory 4.2 4 10.8 78 Basswood 10.7 2 27.2 81 Ash 2.5 4 6.4 83 Shagbark Hickory 3.6 4 9.1 78 Shagbark Hickory 25.7 2 65.3 81 Chestnut Oak 34.3 1 87.1 83 White Oak 26.6 1 67.6 78 Basswood 6.3 3 16.0 81 Mocker Nut Hickory 4.4 4 11.2 83 Shagbark Hickory 4.6 3 11.7 78 Blackgum 9.1 3 23.1 81 Basswood 3.4 4 8.6 83 Chestnut Oak 13.4 2 34.0 78 Basswood 12.3 2 31.2 81 Northern Red Oak 30.3 1 77.0 83 Pignut Hickory 14.1 2 35.8 77 78 Basswood 4.7 3 11.9 81 Mocker Nut Hickory 4.0 4 10.2 83 Eastern Redbud 2.7 4 6.9

78 Basswood 2.2 4 5.6 81 Black Locust 3.8 4 9.7 83 Shagbark Hickory 2.5 4 6.5 79 Pignut Hickory 26.6 2 67.6 81 Black Locust 13.9 2 35.3 83 Chestnut Oak 21.8 2 55.4 79 White Oak 3.5 4 8.9 81 Slippery Elm 7.9 3 20.1 83 Shagbark Hickory 2.9 4 7.4 79 Sugar Maple 3.8 4 9.7 81 Blackgum 6.0 3 15.2 83 Shagbark Hickory 3.0 4 7.6 79 Yellow Poplar 12.4 2 31.5 82 Black Oak 13.3 2 33.8 83 Shagbark Hickory 2.0 4 5.1 79 Chestnut Oak 10.3 2 26.2 82 White Oak 24.4 2 62.0 83 Blackgum 3.7 4 9.4 79 Sassafras 5.8 3 14.7 82 Black Oak 4.1 4 10.5 83 Chestnut Oak 8.5 3 21.6 79 Slippery Elm 2.4 4 6.1 82 Persimmon 6.4 4 16.3 83 Pignut Hickory 14.6 2 37.1 79 Sourwood 5.9 3 15.0 82 Pignut Hickory 2.4 4 6.1 83 Shagbark Hickory 2.7 4 6.9 79 Pignut Hickory 16.3 2 41.4 82 White Oak 6.4 3 16.3 83 White Oak 15.7 2 39.9 79 Chestnut Oak 5.7 3 14.5 82 Pignut Hickory 5.0 3 12.7 83 Shagbark Hickory 2.2 4 5.6 79 Sassafras 7.0 3 17.8 82 White Oak 4.0 4 10.2 83 Blackgum 2.9 4 7.4 79 Pignut Hickory 10.7 2 27.2 82 Black Oak 4.3 3 10.9 83 Shagbark Hickory 2.0 4 5.1 79 Sugar Maple 2.5 4 6.5 82 Pignut Hickory 3.7 3 9.4 83 Shagbark Hickory 2.5 4 6.4 79 Sugar Maple 3.4 3 8.6 82 White Oak 2.8 4 7.1 84 Sweetgum 11.8 2 30.0 80 Chestnut Oak 18.2 2 46.2 82 White Oak 8.1 3 20.6 84 Sweetgum 9.0 3 22.9

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 84 Loblolly Pine 8.4 3 21.3 86 Sugar Maple 10.8 2 27.4 87 Blackhaw 2.5 4 6.4 84 Yellow Poplar 2.3 4 5.8 86 Sugar Maple 2.8 4 7.1 87 American Elm 3.6 3 9.1 84 Sweetgum 16.1 2 40.9 86 Sugar Maple 7.8 3 19.8 87 Sweetgum 9.7 3 24.6 84 Blackgum 5.2 4 13.2 86 Sugar Maple 9.6 2 24.4 87 Ash 4.8 3 12.2 84 Persimmon 5.3 4 13.5 86 Northern Red Oak 14.4 2 36.6 87 Northern Red Oak 3.2 4 8.1 84 Pignut Hickory 3.3 4 8.4 86 Sugar Maple 4.6 3 11.7 87 Shagbark Hickory 13.2 2 33.5 84 Sugar Maple 3.3 4 8.4 86 Sugar Maple 3.6 3 9.1 87 Ash 12.5 2 31.8 84 White Oak 8.2 3 20.8 86 Eastern Redbud 3.4 4 8.6 87 Black Walnut 2.6 4 6.6 84 Shagbark Hickory 5.2 4 13.2 86 Blackhaw 2.2 4 5.6 87 Ash 2.3 4 5.8 84 Shagbark Hickory 2.5 4 6.4 86 Eastern Red Cedar 3.5 4 8.9 88 Northern Red Oak 7.8 2 19.8 84 Eastern Redbud 2.3 4 5.9 86 Northern Red Oak 11.3 2 28.7 88 Persimmon 3.3 3 8.4 84 Sugar Maple 4.4 4 11.2 86 Northern Red Oak 2.7 4 6.9 88 Northern Red Oak 9.9 2 25.1 84 Sweetgum 11.9 2 30.2 86 Smoketree 6.1 4 15.5 88 Sugar Maple 5.1 3 13.0 84 Mocker Nut Hickory 5.2 4 13.2 86 Ash 19.2 1 48.8 88 Sugar Maple 5.8 3 14.7 84 Shagbark Hickory 6.2 4 15.8 86 Ash 3.5 3 8.9 88 Persimmon 3.5 3 8.9 84 Sweetgum 12.3 2 31.2 86 Ash 2.7 4 6.9 88 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.1 4 5.3 84 Loblolly Pine 6.1 4 15.5 86 Chinkapin Oak 11.1 2 28.2 88 Sassafras 3.6 3 9.1 84 Black Oak 16.1 1 40.9 86 Ash 17.3 2 43.9 88 Sassafras 2.0 4 5.1 84 Shagbark Hickory 4.0 4 10.2 86 Northern Red Oak 9.0 2 22.9 88 Sugar Maple 7.8 3 19.8 84 Shagbark Hickory 2.7 4 6.9 86 Chinkapin Oak 2.8 4 7.1 88 Blackhaw 2.0 4 5.1 78 84 Sweetgum 12.4 2 31.5 86 Pignut Hickory 3.8 3 9.7 88 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.8 4 7.1

84 Persimmon 4.8 4 12.2 87 Sweetgum 12.3 2 31.2 88 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.6 4 6.6 84 Winged Elm 7.3 4 18.6 87 Sugar Maple 3.8 3 9.7 88 Eastern Red Cedar 3.2 4 8.1 84 Black Locust 13.4 4 34.0 87 Sugar Maple 5.8 3 14.7 88 Blackhaw 2.3 4 5.8 84 Ash 6.9 4 17.5 87 Shagbark Hickory 10.8 2 27.4 88 Black Cherry 13.1 1 33.3 84 Sweetgum 12.3 2 31.2 87 Sugar Maple 6.8 3 17.3 88 Ash 8.5 2 21.6 84 Sweetgum 2.1 4 5.3 87 White Oak 19.0 1 48.3 88 Shagbark Hickory 8.0 2 20.3 84 Shagbark Hickory 2.7 4 6.9 87 Sugar Maple 6.5 3 16.5 88 Sassafras 4.9 3 12.4 84 Slippery Elm 7.4 4 18.8 87 Shagbark Hickory 9.5 2 24.1 88 Sassafras 2.5 3 6.4 84 Slippery Elm 4.6 4 11.7 87 Sugar Maple 2.4 4 6.1 88 Shagbark Hickory 3.2 3 8.1 86 Northern Red Oak 10.0 2 25.4 87 Shagbark Hickory 7.6 3 19.3 88 Northern Red Oak 9.5 2 24.1 86 Sugar Maple 11.2 2 28.5 87 Sugar Maple 3.0 4 7.6 88 Sugar Maple 8.5 2 21.6 86 Winged Elm 5.7 3 14.5 87 Eastern Hophornbeam 3.8 4 9.7 88 Ash 4.6 3 11.7 86 White Oak 20.3 1 51.6 87 Eastern Hophornbeam 4.0 3 10.2 88 Sassafras 3.1 3 7.9 86 Pignut Hickory 8.9 3 22.6 87 Ash 12.8 1 32.5 88 Flowering Dogwood 3.3 4 8.4 86 Northern Red Oak 4.3 3 10.9 87 White Oak 13.2 2 33.5 88 Flowering Dogwood 2.5 4 6.4 86 Northern Red Oak 12.7 2 32.3 87 Blackhaw 2.4 4 6.1 88 Blackgum 2.8 3 7.1

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 88 Shagbark Hickory 3.5 3 8.9 90 White Oak 17.9 2 45.5 91 Sugar Maple 3.2 4 8.1 88 Northern Red Oak 11.6 1 29.5 90 Cucumber Magnolia 5.8 3 14.7 91 Chinkapin Oak 2.0 4 5.1 88 Pignut Hickory 12.4 2 31.5 90 Cucumber Magnolia 4.2 3 10.7 91 American Elm 3.5 4 8.9 88 Chinkapin Oak 7.8 2 19.8 90 Northern Red Oak 18.6 2 47.2 91 American Elm 2.4 4 6.1 88 Pignut Hickory 7.3 3 18.5 90 White Oak 27.0 2 68.6 91 American Elm 3.1 4 7.9 88 Eastern Hophornbeam 5.8 3 14.7 90 Sugar Maple 8.5 3 21.6 91 Chinkapin Oak 9.1 2 23.1 88 Sassafras 10.5 2 26.7 90 Northern Red Oak 20.4 2 51.8 91 Persimmon 4.2 3 10.7 88 Blackhaw 2.5 4 6.4 90 Sassafras 2.3 4 5.8 91 American Elm 6.7 3 17.0 88 Flowering Dogwood 4.0 4 10.2 90 Northern Red Oak 15.4 2 39.1 91 Black Locust 9.8 3 24.9 88 Shagbark Hickory 3.0 3 7.6 90 Chestnut Oak 2.5 4 6.4 91 American Elm 3.0 4 7.6 88 Winged Elm 2.8 4 7.1 90 American Elm 9.7 2 24.6 91 American Elm 5.6 3 14.2 88 Eastern Redbud 3.4 3 8.6 90 Sugar Maple 3.3 4 8.4 91 Sassafras 7.5 3 19.1 88 Eastern Redbud 4.5 3 11.4 90 Sugar Maple 2.3 4 5.8 91 Sweetgum 5.3 3 13.5 88 Pignut Hickory 2.0 4 5.1 90 Blackgum 9.5 3 24.1 91 Basswood 7.8 3 19.8 88 Shagbark Hickory 2.2 4 5.6 90 Flowering Dogwood 2.6 4 6.6 91 Flowering Dogwood 3.2 4 8.1 88 Basswood 4.2 3 10.7 90 Northern Red Oak 15.4 2 39.1 91 Basswood 2.8 3 7.1 88 Northern Red Oak 14.8 1 37.6 90 Blackhaw 2.2 4 5.6 91 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.0 4 5.1 89 Shagbark Hickory 16.2 1 41.1 90 Northern Red Oak 19.4 2 49.3 91 Blackhaw 2.3 4 5.8 89 Basswood 13.4 2 34.0 90 Yellow Poplar 5.1 3 13.0 91 American Elm 5.2 3 13.2 89 Sugar Maple 4.3 3 10.9 91 Persimmon 11.8 2 30.0 92 Ash 12.1 1 30.7 79 89 Sugar Maple 2.1 4 5.3 91 Chinkapin Oak 8.7 2 22.1 92 Mocker Nut Hickory 14.0 2 35.6

89 Sugar Maple 4.9 3 12.4 91 Eastern Hophornbeam 4.8 4 12.2 92 Sugar Maple 2.3 4 5.8 89 Chinkapin Oak 7.4 3 18.8 91 Persimmon 6.0 3 15.2 92 Ash 3.1 3 7.9 89 Sugar Maple 3.0 3 7.6 91 Persimmon 4.8 3 12.2 92 American Hophornbeam 2.4 4 6.1 89 Sugar Maple 2.8 4 7.1 91 Shagbark Hickory 15.2 1 38.6 92 Sugar Maple 2.9 3 7.4 89 Sugar Maple 5.2 3 13.2 91 Sassafras 5.2 3 13.2 92 Sugar Maple 3.7 3 9.4 89 Chinkapin Oak 6.7 2 17.0 91 Eastern Hophornbeam 3.4 4 8.6 92 Chinkapin Oak 9.5 2 24.1 89 Chinkapin Oak 7.6 2 19.3 91 Chinkapin Oak 12.6 2 32.0 92 Sugar Maple 7.5 2 19.1 89 Cucumber Magnolia 17.0 2 43.2 91 Northern Red Oak 17.5 2 44.5 92 Sugar Maple 2.9 4 7.4 89 Cucumber Magnolia 12.9 2 32.8 91 Sugar Maple 3.6 3 9.1 92 Pignut Hickory 11.7 2 29.7 89 Cucumber Magnolia 12.4 2 31.5 91 Sugar Maple 3.7 3 9.4 92 Shagbark Hickory 10.2 2 25.9 89 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 91 Sugar Maple 2.7 4 6.9 92 Pignut Hickory 5.6 3 14.2 89 Eastern Hophornbeam 3.1 3 7.9 91 Sugar Maple 2.1 4 5.3 92 Pignut Hickory 8.8 2 22.4 89 Chinkapin Oak 5.2 3 13.2 91 Hackberry 6.1 3 15.5 92 Ash 4.3 3 10.9 89 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 91 Pignut Hickory 16.3 2 41.4 92 Yellow Buckeye 3.4 4 8.6 89 Sugar Maple 2.8 4 7.1 91 Persimmon 7.1 3 18.0 92 Basswood 2.8 4 7.1 90 Blackgum 9.9 2 25.1 91 Sassafras 8.8 3 22.4 92 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 92 Shagbark Hickory 10.0 2 25.4 93 Shagbark Hickory 8.1 2 20.6 95 Winged Elm 2.6 4 6.6 92 Pignut Hickory 7.8 2 19.8 93 Eastern Red Cedar 7.8 3 19.8 95 White Oak 9.4 2 23.9 92 Mocker Nut Hickory 8.7 2 22.1 93 Basswood 4.1 3 10.4 95 Shagbark Hickory 3.2 4 8.1 92 American Hophornbeam 2.7 4 6.9 93 Sweetgum 4.1 4 10.4 95 Shagbark Hickory 19.3 3 49.0 92 Northern Red Oak 5.3 3 13.5 93 Winged Elm 2.1 4 5.3 95 Winged Elm 4.2 4 10.7 92 Chinkapin Oak 5.5 3 14.0 93 Sweetgum 3.1 4 7.9 95 Serviceberry 2.4 4 6.1 92 Sugar Maple 3.0 4 7.6 93 Sweetgum 3.9 4 9.9 95 Serviceberry 2.0 4 5.1 92 Yellow Buckeye 11.5 2 29.2 93 Shagbark Hickory 11.0 2 27.9 95 White Oak 14.7 2 37.3 92 Ash 2.1 4 5.3 93 Winged Elm 6.1 4 15.5 95 Persimmon 2.4 4 6.1 92 Sugar Maple 4.0 3 10.2 93 Sweetgum 5.0 3 12.7 95 Winged Elm 2.6 4 6.6 92 Pignut Hickory 13.5 2 34.3 93 Sweetgum 4.8 3 12.2 95 White Oak 21.4 2 54.4 92 Chinkapin Oak 5.5 3 14.0 93 Shagbark Hickory 10.6 2 26.9 95 Post Oak 12.3 2 31.2 92 Shagbark Hickory 10.0 2 25.4 93 Sweetgum 2.8 4 7.1 95 Ash 2.4 4 6.1 92 Chinkapin Oak 9.3 2 23.6 93 Winged Elm 2.7 4 6.9 95 Eastern Redbud 3.2 4 8.1 93 Eastern Red Cedar 13.4 2 34.0 95 Post Oak 10.5 2 26.7 95 Black Locust 5.9 3 15.0 93 Shagbark Hickory 12.0 2 30.5 95 Black Oak 13.0 2 33.0 96 White Oak 8.9 2 22.6 93 Sweetgum 6.8 3 17.3 95 White Oak 17.2 2 43.7 96 White Oak 19.0 1 48.3 93 Ash 12.2 2 31.0 95 Winged Elm 2.2 4 5.7 96 Sugar Maple 4.3 3 10.9 93 Northern Red Oak 14.5 2 36.8 95 Black Cherry 7.9 3 20.1 96 Pignut Hickory 2.5 4 6.5 93 Sugar Maple 4.0 3 10.2 95 Winged Elm 2.2 4 5.6 96 Ash 20.4 2 51.8 80 93 Sweetgum 2.1 4 5.3 95 Hackberry 2.6 4 6.6 96 Black Cherry 2.1 4 5.3

93 Shagbark Hickory 6.9 3 17.5 95 White Oak 11.1 2 28.2 96 Winged Elm 2.7 4 6.9 93 Blackhaw 2.1 4 5.3 95 Black Oak 15.8 2 40.1 96 American Elm 2.0 4 5.1 93 Ash 7.6 2 19.3 95 Post Oak 13.1 2 33.3 96 Sugar Maple 4.7 3 11.9 93 Eastern Red Cedar 11.2 3 28.4 95 Black Oak 2.6 4 6.6 96 Blackhaw 2.1 4 5.4 93 Shagbark Hickory 9.6 2 24.4 95 White Oak 11.9 2 30.2 96 Northern Red Oak 3.9 3 9.9 93 Shagbark Hickory 8.2 3 20.8 95 Persimmon 4.5 3 11.5 96 Winged Elm 3.9 4 9.9 93 Flowering Dogwood 2.4 4 6.1 95 Serviceberry 2.0 4 5.1 96 Winged Elm 3.1 4 7.9 93 Sweetgum 5.2 3 13.2 95 Persimmon 2.5 4 6.4 96 White Oak 17.0 2 43.2 93 Winged Elm 2.0 4 5.1 95 Winged Elm 2.1 4 5.3 96 Shagbark Hickory 2.0 4 4.0 93 Flowering Dogwood 3.1 4 8.0 95 Winged Elm 2.9 4 7.4 96 Chestnut Oak 5.8 3 14.7 93 Persimmon 9.0 2 22.9 95 Black Cherry 3.8 4 9.7 96 White Oak 12.0 2 30.5 93 Eastern Red Cedar 8.2 3 20.8 95 Persimmon 3.3 3 8.4 96 Chestnut Oak 2.7 4 6.9 93 Shagbark Hickory 13.2 2 33.5 95 White Oak 2.3 4 5.8 96 Black Cherry 2.8 4 7.1 93 Ash 13.3 2 33.8 95 Winged Elm 2.0 4 5.1 96 Yellow Poplar 2.8 4 7.1 93 Pignut Hickory 6.7 3 17.0 95 White Oak 3.8 3 9.7 96 White Oak 21.7 2 55.1 93 Sweetgum 3.1 4 8.0 95 Black Cherry 5.9 3 15.0 96 Yellow Poplar 8.3 3 21.1

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 96 Chestnut Oak 17.4 2 44.2 99 Chestnut Oak 6.3 2 16.0 100 Ash 6.7 3 17.0 96 Mocker Nut Hickory 7.9 2 20.1 99 Mocker Nut Hickory 11.1 2 28.2 100 Eastern Redbud 2.1 4 5.3 96 Winged Elm 3.3 4 8.4 99 Shagbark Hickory 3.3 3 8.4 100 Basswood 4.2 3 10.7 96 Black Cherry 2.2 4 5.6 99 Shagbark Hickory 3.2 3 8.1 100 Shagbark Hickory 17.4 2 44.2 96 White Oak 16.6 2 42.2 99 Shagbark Hickory 3.8 4 9.7 100 Basswood 5.0 3 12.7 96 White Oak 5.5 3 14.0 99 Eastern Red Cedar 3.4 4 8.6 100 Basswood 4.3 4 10.9 96 Eastern Redbud 2.2 4 5.6 99 Chestnut Oak 11.0 2 27.9 100 Basswood 2.5 4 6.4 96 Eastern Redbud 2.3 4 5.8 99 Chestnut Oak 12.9 2 32.8 100 Basswood 5.3 3 13.5 96 Eastern Redbud 6.8 4 17.3 99 Pignut Hickory 7.9 2 20.1 100 Basswood 4.3 4 10.9 96 Eastern Redbud 2.4 4 6.1 99 Chestnut Oak 11.0 2 27.9 100 Sugar Maple 7.7 3 19.6 98 Loblolly Pine 24.6 2 62.5 99 Chestnut Oak 7.4 2 18.8 100 Mocker Nut Hickory 19.3 2 49.0 98 Yellow Poplar 12.0 2 30.5 99 Eastern Red Cedar 2.5 4 6.4 100 Slippery Elm 2.3 4 5.8 98 Mocker Nut Hickory 8.6 3 21.8 99 Shagbark Hickory 3.3 4 8.4 100 Sweetgum 22.5 1 57.2 98 Shagbark Hickory 2.6 4 6.6 99 Shagbark Hickory 5.1 3 13.0 100 Slippery Elm 3.3 4 8.4 98 Shagbark Hickory 3.3 4 8.4 99 Chestnut Oak 2.0 4 5.1 100 Eastern Redbud 3.1 4 7.9 98 Black Cherry 3.7 4 9.4 99 Shagbark Hickory 2.0 4 5.1 101 White Oak 33.7 1 85.6 98 Sweetgum 3.4 4 8.6 99 Pignut Hickory 12.5 2 31.8 101 Pignut Hickory 16.8 2 42.7 98 Basswood 2.4 4 6.1 99 Shagbark Hickory 3.4 3 8.6 101 Mocker Nut Hickory 12.3 3 31.2 98 Black Cherry 3.2 4 8.1 99 Northern Red Oak 2.4 4 6.1 101 White Oak 8.2 3 20.8 98 Slippery Elm 6.1 4 15.5 99 Shagbark Hickory 2.6 4 6.6 101 White Oak 25.0 2 63.5 81 98 Northern Red Oak 9.1 3 23.1 99 Shagbark Hickory 2.4 4 6.1 101 Pignut Hickory 2.1 4 5.3

98 Northern Red Oak 7.8 3 19.8 99 Shagbark Hickory 4.4 3 11.2 101 Chestnut Oak 3.6 4 9.1 98 Black Cherry 4.6 4 11.7 99 Shagbark Hickory 3.5 4 8.9 101 Shagbark Hickory 2.6 4 6.6 98 Shagbark Hickory 13.1 2 33.3 99 Chestnut Oak 17.3 1 43.9 101 Chestnut Oak 2.5 4 6.4 98 Shagbark Hickory 3.0 4 7.6 99 Shagbark Hickory 10.0 2 25.4 101 Mocker Nut Hickory 19.0 2 48.3 98 Loblolly Pine 23.7 1 60.2 99 Chestnut Oak 8.9 2 22.6 101 American Elm 3.6 4 9.1 98 Black Oak 9.2 3 23.4 99 Shagbark Hickory 2.0 4 5.1 101 Shagbark Hickory 2.3 4 5.8 98 Sweetgum 11.4 2 29.0 99 Pignut Hickory 7.6 3 19.3 101 Ash 2.5 4 6.4 98 Loblolly Pine 17.7 2 45.0 99 Shagbark Hickory 5.5 3 14.0 101 Chestnut Oak 2.8 4 7.1 98 Mocker Nut Hickory 2.2 4 5.6 99 Shagbark Hickory 3.5 3 8.9 101 Shagbark Hickory 17.1 2 43.4 98 Loblolly Pine 23.5 1 59.7 99 Chestnut Oak 10.0 3 25.4 101 Basswood 5.2 3 13.2 98 Winged Elm 4.6 4 11.7 99 Northern Red Oak 2.1 4 5.3 101 Basswood 4.2 3 10.7 99 Loblolly Pine 12.1 1 30.7 99 Shagbark Hickory 3.3 3 8.4 101 Pignut Hickory 9.1 3 23.1 99 Shagbark Hickory 9.1 2 23.1 100 Shagbark Hickory 17.9 2 45.5 101 Pignut Hickory 14.8 2 37.6 99 Shagbark Hickory 2.1 4 5.3 100 Mocker Nut Hickory 15.5 2 39.4 101 Shagbark Hickory 4.0 4 10.2 99 Shagbark Hickory 4.1 4 10.4 100 Eastern Redbud 5.7 3 14.5 102 White Oak 16.4 2 41.7 99 Chestnut Oak 6.1 2 15.5 100 Sugar Maple 4.1 3 10.5 102 White Oak 14.6 2 37.1

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 102 Mocker Nut Hickory 12.3 2 31.2 104 Chestnut Oak 27.4 2 69.6 105 Loblolly Pine 8.2 3 20.8 102 White Oak 2.7 4 6.9 104 Flowering Dogwood 3.4 4 8.6 105 Eastern Red Cedar 3.5 4 8.9 102 Pignut Hickory 14.5 2 36.8 104 Chestnut Oak 30.8 2 78.2 105 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.9 4 7.4 102 White Oak 7.1 3 18.1 104 Flowering Dogwood 4.5 4 11.4 105 Black Oak 3.6 3 9.1 102 Shagbark Hickory 12.0 2 30.5 104 Sourwood 4.6 3 11.7 105 Chestnut Oak 5.6 2 14.2 102 Pignut Hickory 6.4 3 16.3 104 Sourwood 9.5 2 24.1 105 Persimmon 2.3 4 5.8 102 White Oak 7.3 3 18.5 104 Sourwood 8.7 2 22.1 105 Chestnut Oak 2.7 4 6.9 102 Pignut Hickory 4.7 3 11.9 104 Chestnut Oak 5.8 3 14.7 105 Chestnut Oak 11.7 2 29.7 102 Mocker Nut Hickory 6.4 3 16.3 104 Shagbark Hickory 4.0 3 10.2 105 Chestnut Oak 4.0 3 10.2 102 Northern Red Oak 13.7 2 34.8 104 Black Oak 10.0 2 25.4 105 Chestnut Oak 14.7 2 37.3 102 Mocker Nut Hickory 16.6 2 42.2 104 Sassafras 3.2 4 8.1 105 Chestnut Oak 8.3 3 21.1 102 Shagbark Hickory 2.7 4 6.9 104 Shagbark Hickory 2.5 4 6.4 105 Blackgum 2.5 4 6.4 102 Chestnut Oak 19.3 2 49.0 104 Flowering Dogwood 2.2 4 5.6 105 Black Oak 3.2 3 8.1 102 Mocker Nut Hickory 8.9 3 22.6 104 Shagbark Hickory 2.7 4 6.9 105 Black Oak 23.5 2 59.7 102 Mocker Nut Hickory 8.3 3 21.1 104 Black Oak 30.9 2 78.5 106 White Oak 8.2 3 20.8 102 Chestnut Oak 16.3 2 41.4 104 Chestnut Oak 6.9 3 17.5 106 Sugar Maple 11.0 2 27.9 102 Mocker Nut Hickory 12.2 2 31.0 104 Chestnut Oak 5.5 3 14.0 106 Sugar Maple 6.6 3 16.8 102 White Oak 24.7 2 62.7 104 Black Oak 26.9 2 68.3 106 Pignut Hickory 7.4 3 18.8 102 Chestnut Oak 15.6 2 39.6 104 Sassafras 3.2 4 8.1 106 Black Oak 18.0 1 45.7 103 Chestnut Oak 13.2 2 33.5 104 Black Cherry 2.1 4 5.3 106 Pignut Hickory 10.5 2 26.7 82 103 Sourwood 12.2 2 31.0 105 Black Cherry 6.1 2 15.5 106 White Oak 10.5 2 26.7

103 Sourwood 4.1 3 10.4 105 Winged Elm 3.8 3 9.7 106 Pignut Hickory 2.0 4 5.1 103 Sourwood 6.3 3 16.0 105 Black Oak 3.2 3 8.1 106 White Oak 19.4 1 49.3 103 Pignut Hickory 8.0 2 20.3 105 Black Oak 3.6 3 9.1 106 Persimmon 4.1 3 10.4 103 Chestnut Oak 24.1 1 61.2 105 Pignut Hickory 10.7 2 27.2 106 White Oak 20.8 1 52.8 103 Pignut Hickory 2.0 4 5.1 105 Pignut Hickory 18.0 2 45.7 106 Eastern Red Cedar 8.6 3 21.8 103 Chestnut Oak 21.1 2 53.6 105 Serviceberry 2.6 4 6.6 106 Sugar Maple 2.1 4 5.3 103 Chestnut Oak 4.8 4 12.2 105 Blackgum 3.1 4 7.9 106 Sugar Maple 2.1 4 5.3 103 Persimmon 2.1 4 5.3 105 Flowering Dogwood 2.4 4 6.1 106 Winged Elm 2.1 4 5.3 103 Blackgum 12.1 2 30.7 105 Yellow Poplar 4.4 3 11.2 106 Winged Elm 4.4 3 11.2 103 Pignut Hickory 5.6 3 14.2 105 Chestnut Oak 3.6 3 9.1 106 Basswood 2.1 4 5.3 103 Blackgum 2.3 4 5.8 105 Chestnut Oak 8.3 2 21.1 106 Pignut Hickory 3.2 3 8.1 103 Blackgum 4.0 4 10.2 105 Chestnut Oak 17.3 2 43.9 106 Persimmon 2.6 4 6.6 103 Blackgum 2.6 4 6.6 105 Chestnut Oak 2.4 4 6.1 106 Winged Elm 2.5 4 6.4 103 Pignut Hickory 11.9 2 30.2 105 Chestnut Oak 3.6 3 9.1 106 White Oak 7.2 3 18.3 103 Pignut Hickory 5.1 3 13.0 105 White Oak 7.0 3 17.8 107 Ash 10.0 1 25.4 103 Blackgum 5.4 3 13.7 105 Serviceberry 2.1 4 5.3 107 Eastern Red Cedar 12.2 2 31.0

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 107 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.6 4 6.6 107 Sugar Maple 3.9 4 9.9 108 Shagbark Hickory 13.1 1 33.3 107 Eastern Red Cedar 6.2 3 15.7 107 Flowering Dogwood 2.6 4 6.6 108 Shagbark Hickory 12.3 2 31.2 107 Eastern Red Cedar 5.7 3 14.5 107 Ash 3.8 3 9.7 108 Shagbark Hickory 2.6 4 6.6 107 Ash 10.7 1 27.2 107 Chinkapin Oak 2.1 4 5.3 108 Eastern Hophornbeam 3.8 3 9.7 107 Eastern Red Cedar 6.3 3 16.0 107 Sugar Maple 3.0 4 7.6 109 Pignut Hickory 14.7 2 37.3 107 Eastern Red Cedar 4.5 4 11.4 107 Sugar Maple 3.2 4 8.1 109 Sugar Maple 15.0 2 38.1 107 American Elm 2.9 3 7.4 107 Eastern Red Cedar 8.7 3 22.1 109 Yellow Poplar 12.4 2 31.5 107 Chinkapin Oak 2.3 4 5.8 107 Sugar Maple 6.6 3 16.8 109 Sugar Maple 6.7 3 17.0 107 Shagbark Hickory 3.8 4 9.7 107 Eastern Red Cedar 6.2 3 15.7 109 Yellow Buckeye 10.0 3 25.4 107 Ash 4.9 3 12.4 107 Eastern Red Cedar 7.6 3 19.3 109 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.0 4 5.1 107 Winged Elm 2.6 4 6.6 107 Shagbark Hickory 15.0 1 38.1 109 Basswood 2.2 4 5.6 107 American Elm 4.4 3 11.2 107 Ash 10.6 1 26.9 109 Chinkapin Oak 25.1 1 63.8 107 Ash 8.6 2 21.8 108 Cucumber Magnolia 9.8 2 24.9 109 Shagbark Hickory 14.1 2 35.8 107 Eastern Redbud 2.9 4 7.4 108 Shagbark Hickory 8.5 2 21.6 109 Sugar Maple 2.8 4 7.1 107 Sugar Maple 2.3 4 5.8 108 Eastern Hophornbeam 4.8 4 12.2 109 Sugar Maple 11.4 2 29.0 107 Ash 2.0 4 5.1 108 American Hophornbeam 3.3 3 8.4 109 Shagbark Hickory 14.9 2 37.8 107 Ash 6.0 3 15.2 108 American Hophornbeam 6.7 3 17.0 109 Shagbark Hickory 14.8 2 37.6 107 Eastern Red Cedar 2.0 4 5.1 108 American Hophornbeam 5.0 4 12.7 109 Sugar Maple 2.5 4 6.4 107 Shagbark Hickory 5.7 3 14.5 108 Shagbark Hickory 5.4 3 13.7 109 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 107 Chinkapin Oak 2.7 4 6.9 108 Ash 2.1 4 5.3 109 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 83 107 Eastern Red Cedar 7.2 3 18.3 108 Yellow Buckeye 4.2 3 10.7 110 Pignut Hickory 18.5 2 47.0

107 Eastern Red Cedar 2.3 4 5.8 108 Yellowwood 5.5 3 14.0 110 Chestnut Oak 24.0 1 61.0 107 Eastern Red Cedar 3.4 4 8.6 108 Winged Elm 6.0 3 15.2 110 Chestnut Oak 20.8 2 52.8 107 Chinkapin Oak 4.5 3 11.4 108 American Hophornbeam 2.8 4 7.1 110 Sugar Maple 2.8 4 7.1 107 Ash 9.6 2 24.4 108 Cucumber Magnolia 12.5 2 31.8 110 Sugar Maple 5.5 3 14.0 107 Ash 4.1 3 10.4 108 Eastern Hophornbeam 4.0 3 10.2 110 Sugar Maple 3.3 4 8.4 107 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.3 4 5.8 108 American Hophornbeam 5.7 3 14.5 110 Chestnut Oak 22.5 2 57.2 107 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.3 4 5.8 108 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.2 4 5.6 110 Sugar Maple 7.2 3 18.3 107 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.2 4 5.6 108 Beech 3.1 4 7.9 110 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 107 Eastern Red Cedar 6.8 3 17.3 108 Basswood 2.9 3 7.4 110 Sugar Maple 2.4 4 6.1 107 Ash 3.1 4 7.9 108 Yellow Buckeye 5.8 3 14.7 110 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 107 Eastern Red Cedar 6.6 3 16.8 108 Basswood 2.1 4 5.3 110 Sugar Maple 3.3 4 8.4 107 Winged Elm 2.6 4 6.6 108 Yellow Buckeye 8.4 2 21.3 110 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 107 Eastern Red Cedar 10.1 3 25.7 108 Cucumber Magnolia 20.0 1 50.8 110 Sugar Maple 2.1 4 5.3 107 Ash 6.4 3 16.3 108 Sugar Maple 3.8 3 9.7 110 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 107 Chinkapin Oak 2.5 4 6.4 108 Beech 2.1 4 5.3 110 Sugar Maple 17.9 2 45.5 107 Ash 7.8 2 19.8 108 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.6 4 6.6 110 Sugar Maple 6.3 3 16.0

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 110 Sugar Maple 7.1 3 18.0 112 Pignut Hickory 10.5 2 26.7 113 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 110 Sugar Maple 3.6 4 9.1 112 Sugar Maple 5.0 3 12.7 113 White Oak 23.8 1 60.5 110 Sugar Maple 3.0 4 7.6 112 Basswood 3.2 4 8.1 113 Sugar Maple 3.6 3 9.1 110 Sugar Maple 5.4 3 13.7 112 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 113 Sugar Maple 5.8 2 14.7 110 Sugar Maple 3.6 4 9.1 112 Pignut Hickory 7.9 3 20.1 113 Sugar Maple 2.8 4 7.1 110 Sugar Maple 2.5 4 6.4 112 Basswood 3.7 4 9.4 113 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 110 Cucumber Magnolia 15.5 2 39.4 112 Chestnut Oak 2.2 4 5.6 113 Sugar Maple 3.0 3 7.6 111 Shagbark Hickory 12.8 2 32.5 112 Black Locust 21.6 2 54.9 113 Sugar Maple 3.9 3 9.9 111 White Oak 18.7 2 47.5 112 Mocker Nut Hickory 6.8 3 17.3 113 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 111 Northern Red Oak 9.2 2 23.4 112 Northern Red Oak 26.9 1 68.3 113 Sugar Maple 4.0 3 10.2 111 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.2 4 5.6 112 Shagbark Hickory 2.6 4 6.6 114 Cucumber Magnolia 28.4 1 72.1 111 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.9 4 7.4 112 Eastern Redbud 2.6 4 6.6 114 Sugar Maple 11.3 2 28.7 111 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.5 4 6.4 112 Northern Red Oak 2.5 2 6.4 114 Sugar Maple 5.2 3 13.2 111 Cucumber Magnolia 11.5 2 29.2 113 White Oak 21.8 2 55.4 114 Basswood 7.3 3 18.5 111 Sugar Maple 2.8 4 7.1 113 Sugar Maple 3.7 3 9.4 114 Sugar Maple 5.3 3 13.5 111 Cucumber Magnolia 25.4 1 64.5 113 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 114 Shagbark Hickory 9.3 3 23.7 111 Yellow Poplar 35.5 2 90.2 113 Sugar Maple 4.9 3 12.4 114 Chinkapin Oak 3.7 3 9.4 111 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.4 4 6.1 113 White Oak 12.5 2 31.8 114 Persimmon 14.8 2 37.6 111 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.0 4 5.1 113 Sugar Maple 5.1 3 13.0 114 Sugar Maple 2.9 4 7.4 111 Shagbark Hickory 11.5 2 29.2 113 Sugar Maple 3.6 3 9.1 114 Sugar Maple 2.1 4 5.3 84 111 Blackgum 3.0 4 7.6 113 Sugar Maple 3.2 3 8.1 114 Shagbark Hickory 16.2 2 41.1

111 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.4 4 6.1 113 White Oak 11.8 2 30.0 114 Sugar Maple 4.2 3 10.7 111 Eastern Hophornbeam 3.6 4 9.1 113 Sugar Maple 3.9 3 9.9 114 Yellow Buckeye 8.3 3 21.1 111 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 113 Sugar Maple 3.4 3 8.6 114 Basswood 4.4 3 11.2 111 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.7 4 6.9 113 Sugar Maple 4.9 3 12.4 114 Sugar Maple 3.3 4 8.4 111 Cucumber Magnolia 3.3 4 8.4 113 Sugar Maple 3.0 3 7.6 114 American Elm 9.7 3 24.6 111 Yellow Poplar 19.6 2 49.8 113 Sugar Maple 12.6 2 32.0 114 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 111 Cucumber Magnolia 3.4 3 8.6 113 Sugar Maple 5.3 3 13.5 114 Sugar Maple 6.0 3 15.2 111 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.0 4 5.1 113 White Oak 17.1 2 43.4 115 Eastern Red Cedar 10.0 2 25.4 111 Cucumber Magnolia 4.3 3 10.9 113 Sugar Maple 4.7 3 11.9 115 Chinkapin Oak 17.7 2 45.0 111 Sugar Maple 3.3 4 8.4 113 Sugar Maple 3.0 3 7.6 115 Chinkapin Oak 15.3 2 38.9 111 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.7 4 6.9 113 White Oak 12.6 2 32.0 115 Sugar Maple 3.6 3 9.1 112 Yellow Poplar 27.0 1 68.6 113 White Oak 17.5 2 44.5 115 Sugar Maple 9.7 2 24.6 112 Pignut Hickory 12.9 2 32.8 113 Sugar Maple 3.0 4 7.6 115 Chinkapin Oak 8.8 2 22.4 112 Pignut Hickory 2.5 4 6.4 113 Sugar Maple 3.3 3 8.4 115 Yellow Wood 5.6 3 14.2 112 Pignut Hickory 3.5 4 8.9 113 Sugar Maple 5.7 3 14.5 115 Yellow Wood 4.5 3 11.4 112 Shagbark Hickory 2.5 4 6.4 113 White Oak 11.9 2 30.2 115 Yellow Wood 4.3 3 10.9

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 115 Shagbark Hickory 13.3 2 33.8 117 Pignut Hickory 12.3 1 31.2 118 Blackgum 4.5 4 11.4 115 Yellow Wood 3.3 3 8.4 117 Ash 9.1 2 23.1 118 Chestnut Oak 3.9 3 9.9 115 American Elm 4.6 3 11.7 117 Northern Red Oak 10.5 1 26.7 118 Blackhaw 2.3 4 5.8 115 Yellow Buckeye 6.5 3 16.5 117 Sugar Maple 3.5 3 8.9 118 Eastern Red Cedar 3.4 4 8.6 115 Blackhaw 3.2 4 8.1 117 Northern Red Oak 7.4 2 18.8 118 Black Cherry 7.6 2 19.3 115 Cucumber Magnolia 2.6 4 6.6 117 Chinkapin Oak 3.8 3 9.7 118 Chestnut Oak 6.2 3 15.7 115 American Elm 4.1 3 10.4 117 Eastern Red Cedar 3.3 4 8.4 118 Ash 3.7 4 9.4 115 Blackhaw 3.5 4 8.9 117 Pignut Hickory 2.6 4 6.6 118 Ash 7.3 3 18.5 115 Sugar Maple 10.4 3 26.4 117 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.3 4 5.8 118 Chestnut Oak 3.3 4 8.4 115 Chinkapin Oak 22.5 1 57.2 117 Sugar Maple 2.9 4 7.4 118 Blackhaw 2.0 4 5.1 115 Blackhaw 2.5 4 6.4 117 Ash 7.5 2 19.1 118 Flowering Dogwood 2.5 4 6.4 115 Sugar Maple 13.4 2 34.0 117 Sugar Maple 5.0 3 12.7 118 White Oak 15.4 2 39.1 115 Sugar Maple 10.3 3 26.2 117 Ash 2.4 4 6.1 118 Mocker Nut Hickory 13.7 2 34.8 115 Yellow Buckeye 10.5 2 26.7 117 Sugar Maple 12.6 2 32.0 118 Black Oak 15.7 2 39.9 115 Flowering Dogwood 3.4 4 8.6 117 Chinkapin Oak 2.9 4 7.4 118 Chestnut Oak 6.9 3 17.5 116 Water Oak 23.5 2 59.7 117 Shagbark Hickory 4.2 3 10.7 118 White Oak 8.9 3 22.6 116 Beech 18.2 2 46.2 117 Ash 7.3 3 18.5 118 Pignut Hickory 4.3 4 10.9 116 Beech 13.2 2 33.5 117 Eastern Red Cedar 2.1 4 5.3 119 White Oak 33.1 1 84.1 116 Beech 2.0 4 5.1 117 Eastern Redbud 2.2 4 5.6 119 Pignut Hickory 12.5 2 31.8 116 Beech 13.9 2 35.3 117 Pignut Hickory 6.5 3 16.5 119 Blackgum 2.7 4 6.9 85 116 Beech 3.6 4 9.1 117 Sugar Maple 3.5 3 8.9 119 Eastern Redbud 4.3 4 10.9

116 Sugar Maple 7.0 3 17.8 117 Ash 10.5 2 26.7 119 Sugar Maple 2.7 4 6.9 116 Sugar Maple 18.2 2 46.2 117 Smoketree 2.3 4 5.8 119 Flowering Dogwood 3.2 4 8.1 116 Beech 2.1 4 5.3 117 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.8 4 7.1 119 Pignut Hickory 5.7 4 14.5 116 Ash 7.7 2 19.6 117 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.3 4 5.8 119 Flowering Dogwood 2.7 4 6.9 116 Beech 3.2 4 8.1 117 Chinkapin Oak 4.0 3 10.2 119 Pignut Hickory 15.3 2 38.9 116 Beech 2.5 4 6.4 117 Pignut Hickory 6.8 3 17.3 119 White Oak 2.7 4 6.9 117 Shagbark Hickory 11.3 1 28.7 118 Chestnut Oak 13.5 2 34.3 119 Northern Red Oak 8.2 3 20.8 117 Sugar Maple 8.8 2 22.4 118 American Elm 7.3 3 18.5 119 Mocker Nut Hickory 11.3 2 28.8 117 Smoketree 3.5 4 8.9 118 Chestnut Oak 2.3 4 5.8 119 Black Oak 3.8 3 9.7 117 Smoketree 9.8 3 24.9 118 Chestnut Oak 7.6 2 19.3 119 Mocker Nut Hickory 3.0 4 7.6 117 Sugar Maple 7.0 2 17.8 118 Chestnut Oak 5.7 3 14.5 119 Chestnut Oak 3.5 3 8.9 117 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 118 Pignut Hickory 4.4 4 11.2 119 Mocker Nut Hickory 11.0 2 27.9 117 Northern Red Oak 8.2 3 20.8 118 Eastern Red Cedar 2.2 4 5.6 119 Mocker Nut Hickory 12.3 2 31.2 117 White Oak 4.4 3 11.2 118 White Oak 6.3 3 16.0 119 Mocker Nut Hickory 10.0 2 25.4 117 Persimmon 4.9 3 12.4 118 White Oak 3.9 3 9.9 119 Mocker Nut Hickory 11.8 2 30.0 117 Northern Red Oak 10.6 2 26.9 118 Winged Elm 2.8 4 7.1 119 Pignut Hickory 14.4 2 36.6

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 119 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 121 Black Cherry 3.4 4 8.6 122 White Oak 8.7 2 22.1 119 Flowering Dogwood 3.5 4 8.9 121 Shagbark Hickory 3.2 4 8.1 122 Yellow Poplar 3.1 3 7.9 120 Loblolly Pine 15.2 2 38.6 121 Shagbark Hickory 2.2 4 5.6 122 Yellow Poplar 5.1 3 13.0 120 Sugar Maple 12.0 3 30.5 121 Shagbark Hickory 5.1 3 13.0 122 White Oak 5.7 3 14.5 120 Loblolly Pine 18.2 1 46.2 121 Shagbark Hickory 2.7 4 6.9 122 Basswood 3.0 4 7.6 120 Winged Elm 2.5 4 6.4 121 Sassafras 4.6 4 11.7 122 Sugar Maple 2.8 4 7.1 120 Yellow Poplar 9.4 3 23.9 121 Sassafras 6.5 3 16.5 123 Pignut Hickory 16.6 2 42.2 120 Winged Elm 5.9 3 15.0 121 Chestnut Oak 32.9 1 83.6 123 Pignut Hickory 7.8 3 19.8 120 Persimmon 4.8 4 12.2 121 Slippery Elm 7.8 3 19.8 123 Pignut Hickory 14.6 2 37.1 120 Winged Elm 8.1 2 20.6 121 Chestnut Oak 21.6 2 54.9 123 Sassafras 3.4 4 8.6 120 Winged Elm 5.4 3 13.7 121 Sassafras 4.8 4 12.2 123 Chestnut Oak 13.1 2 33.3 120 Eastern Red Cedar 3.6 4 9.1 121 Sassafras 5.1 4 13.0 123 Chestnut Oak 9.1 3 23.1 120 Winged Elm 3.7 4 9.4 121 Black Cherry 2.3 4 5.8 123 Pignut Hickory 20.3 2 51.6 120 Winged Elm 4.6 4 11.7 121 Shagbark Hickory 2.6 4 6.6 123 Chestnut Oak 7.1 3 18.0 120 Loblolly Pine 19.2 1 48.8 121 Sassafras 4.1 4 10.4 123 Pignut Hickory 2.6 4 6.6 120 Winged Elm 3.3 4 8.4 121 Black Cherry 5.1 4 13.0 123 Pignut Hickory 2.9 4 7.4 120 Yellow Poplar 7.3 3 18.5 121 Sassafras 3.4 4 8.6 123 Northern Red Oak 20.9 1 53.1 120 Black Cherry 2.5 4 6.4 121 American Chestnut 2.1 4 5.3 123 Cucumber Magnolia 2.6 4 6.6 120 Winged Elm 6.2 4 15.7 121 Sassafras 3.2 4 8.1 123 Pignut Hickory 10.3 2 26.2 120 Loblolly Pine 12.6 2 32.0 121 Slippery Elm 2.5 4 6.4 123 Pignut Hickory 5.4 3 13.7 86 120 Winged Elm 2.6 4 6.6 121 Slippery Elm 2.3 4 5.8 123 Pignut Hickory 13.4 2 34.0

120 Winged Elm 7.1 4 18.0 121 Chestnut Oak 33.7 2 85.6 124 Chestnut Oak 17.4 2 44.2 120 Winged Elm 5.6 4 14.2 121 Chestnut Oak 29.2 2 74.2 124 Shagbark Hickory 4.0 4 10.2 120 Winged Elm 3.7 4 9.4 122 Black Oak 39.0 1 99.1 124 Chestnut Oak 4.0 4 10.2 120 Carolina Buckthorn 2.0 4 5.1 122 Cucumber Magnolia 7.0 3 17.8 124 Shagbark Hickory 13.0 2 33.0 120 Winged Elm 4.5 4 11.4 122 Cucumber Magnolia 5.6 3 14.2 124 Chestnut Oak 3.8 4 9.7 120 Winged Elm 3.2 4 8.1 122 Cucumber Magnolia 2.4 4 6.1 124 Blackgum 2.0 4 5.1 120 Yellow Poplar 7.2 2 18.3 122 Pignut Hickory 6.4 3 16.3 124 Chestnut Oak 6.5 3 16.5 120 Yellow Poplar 25.4 2 64.5 122 Basswood 8.2 2 20.8 124 Mocker Nut Hickory 8.3 2 21.1 120 Loblolly Pine 15.6 1 39.6 122 Pignut Hickory 7.6 2 19.3 124 Chestnut Oak 5.9 3 15.0 120 Black Cherry 2.4 4 6.1 122 Pignut Hickory 18.5 2 47.0 124 Chestnut Oak 3.4 4 8.6 121 Chestnut Oak 27.7 2 70.4 122 Chestnut Oak 18.3 2 46.5 124 Chestnut Oak 2.7 4 6.9 121 Sassafras 5.4 4 13.7 122 Blackgum 19.0 2 48.3 124 Chestnut Oak 2.2 4 5.6 121 Sassafras 4.2 4 10.7 122 Blackgum 2.3 4 5.8 124 Blackgum 4.6 3 11.7 121 Sassafras 4.4 4 11.2 122 Pignut Hickory 4.7 3 11.9 124 Mocker Nut Hickory 10.2 2 25.9 121 Mocker Nut Hickory 12.6 2 32.0 122 Sassafras 3.3 4 8.4 124 Chestnut Oak 16.2 2 41.1 121 Black Cherry 2.3 4 5.8 122 Sassafras 2.5 4 6.4 124 Blackgum 2.2 4 5.6

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 124 Chestnut Oak 2.7 4 6.9 125 Blackgum 4.4 4 11.2 127 Shagbark Hickory 17.7 1 45.0 124 Northern Red Oak 20.2 1 51.3 125 Post Oak 14.5 2 36.8 127 Eastern Redbud 4.4 4 11.2 124 Chestnut Oak 5.4 3 13.7 125 Flowering Dogwood 2.1 4 5.3 127 Shagbark Hickory 8.7 3 22.1 124 Pignut Hickory 6.9 3 17.5 125 Mocker Nut Hickory 12.0 3 30.5 127 Winged Elm 2.9 4 7.4 124 Chestnut Oak 3.2 4 8.1 125 Post Oak 4.5 3 11.4 127 Eastern Redbud 5.0 4 12.7 124 Blackgum 3.1 4 7.9 125 Flowering Dogwood 4.3 4 10.9 127 Shagbark Hickory 13.4 2 34.0 124 Chestnut Oak 4.0 3 10.2 125 Mocker Nut Hickory 11.2 2 28.4 127 Shagbark Hickory 2.8 4 7.1 124 Mocker Nut Hickory 18.9 1 48.0 125 Blackgum 3.3 4 8.4 127 Shagbark Hickory 9.5 2 24.1 124 Chestnut Oak 6.2 3 15.7 125 Blackgum 2.3 4 5.8 127 Winged Elm 3.0 4 7.6 124 Chestnut Oak 5.2 3 13.2 125 Post Oak 9.8 2 24.9 127 Persimmon 5.1 3 13.0 124 Mocker Nut Hickory 4.2 4 10.7 125 Black Cherry 7.5 3 19.1 127 Eastern Redbud 2.9 4 7.4 124 Chestnut Oak 15.0 2 38.1 125 Blackgum 4.2 4 10.7 127 Eastern Redbud 2.1 4 5.3 124 Pignut Hickory 7.5 3 19.1 125 Chestnut Oak 3.8 4 9.7 127 Winged Elm 2.5 4 6.4 124 Carolina Buckthorn 2.0 4 5.1 125 Blackgum 2.3 4 5.8 127 Winged Elm 4.7 3 11.9 125 Northern Red Oak 12.7 2 32.3 125 Blackgum 2.5 4 6.4 127 Persimmon 4.5 4 11.4 125 Black Oak 20.2 1 51.3 125 Blackgum 2.1 4 5.3 127 Black Walnut 9.6 2 24.4 125 Blackgum 2.0 4 5.1 125 Northern Red Oak 8.3 3 21.1 127 Eastern Redbud 4.6 4 11.7 125 Blackgum 2.1 4 5.3 125 Blackhaw 2.0 4 5.1 127 Northern Red Oak 18.0 1 45.7 125 Blackhaw 2.0 4 5.1 126 Black Oak 21.4 1 54.4 127 Eastern Hophornbeam 3.2 4 8.1 125 Blackgum 2.5 4 6.4 126 Mocker Nut Hickory 19.3 2 49.0 127 Slippery Elm 2.3 4 5.8 87 125 Post Oak 4.6 4 11.7 126 Sugar Maple 3.0 4 7.6 127 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.7 4 6.9

125 Pignut Hickory 12.1 2 30.7 126 Black Oak 7.9 3 20.1 127 Winged Elm 2.5 4 6.4 125 Pignut Hickory 12.2 2 31.0 126 Chestnut Oak 4.7 3 11.9 127 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.8 4 7.1 125 Flowering Dogwood 2.0 4 5.1 126 Chestnut Oak 2.1 4 5.3 127 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.6 4 6.6 125 Post Oak 13.7 2 34.8 126 Chestnut Oak 3.1 4 7.9 127 Eastern Redbud 6.2 4 15.7 125 Blackgum 15.8 2 40.1 126 Chestnut Oak 2.3 4 5.8 127 Eastern Redbud 3.8 4 9.7 125 Black Cherry 3.2 4 8.1 126 Chestnut Oak 2.0 4 5.1 127 Sassafras 3.1 4 7.9 125 Blackgum 3.8 4 9.7 126 Black Oak 22.1 2 56.1 127 White Oak 24.5 1 62.2 125 Pignut Hickory 11.3 2 28.7 126 Chestnut Oak 4.5 3 11.4 128 Mocker Nut Hickory 28.2 1 71.6 125 Blackgum 2.4 4 6.1 126 Chestnut Oak 6.3 3 16.0 128 Mocker Nut Hickory 4.0 3 10.2 125 Flowering Dogwood 2.9 4 7.4 126 Chestnut Oak 4.0 4 10.2 128 Sassafras 3.1 3 7.9 125 Blackhaw 2.9 4 7.4 126 Chestnut Oak 3.6 4 9.1 128 Black Cherry 6.1 3 15.5 125 Mocker Nut Hickory 5.4 3 13.7 126 Chestnut Oak 5.2 3 13.2 128 Pignut Hickory 6.2 3 15.7 125 Chestnut Oak 5.9 3 15.0 126 Chestnut Oak 17.7 2 45.0 128 Shagbark Hickory 7.4 2 18.8 125 Mocker Nut Hickory 8.8 3 22.4 126 Mocker Nut Hickory 10.5 2 26.7 128 Blackgum 5.8 3 14.7 125 Eastern Red Cedar 2.5 4 6.4 126 Chestnut Oak 4.5 3 11.4 128 Black Cherry 2.2 4 5.6 125 Blackgum 2.6 4 6.6 126 Chestnut Oak 3.4 4 8.6 128 Pignut Hickory 9.9 2 25.1

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 128 Cucumber Magnolia 6.0 3 15.2 130 Shagbark Hickory 8.0 2 20.3 131 American Elm 2.0 4 5.1 128 Pignut Hickory 9.8 2 24.9 130 Shagbark Hickory 13.7 2 34.8 131 Sugar Maple 3.7 3 9.4 128 Pignut Hickory 12.1 2 30.7 130 Shagbark Hickory 5.2 3 13.2 131 Eastern Redbud 5.2 4 13.2 128 Winged Elm 2.7 4 6.9 130 Hackberry 4.4 4 11.2 131 Sugar Maple 3.2 4 8.1 128 Slippery Elm 4.6 3 11.7 130 Hackberry 3.1 4 7.9 131 White Oak 19.1 2 48.5 128 Pignut Hickory 11.0 2 27.9 130 Hackberry 2.2 4 5.6 131 Sugar Maple 2.8 4 7.1 128 Pignut Hickory 14.9 1 37.8 130 Pignut Hickory 6.4 2 16.3 131 Sugar Maple 2.5 4 6.4 128 Sweetgum 6.3 3 16.0 130 Blackgum 2.0 4 5.1 131 Sugar Maple 2.9 4 7.4 128 Chestnut Oak 18.5 1 47.0 130 American Elm 3.4 4 8.6 131 White Oak 20.5 2 52.1 128 Winged Elm 4.0 4 10.2 130 Blackgum 2.0 4 5.1 131 Winged Elm 2.4 4 6.1 128 Sweetgum 2.3 4 5.8 130 Blackgum 2.4 4 6.1 131 Sugar Maple 2.8 4 7.1 129 Pignut Hickory 14.6 2 37.1 130 Hackberry 2.1 4 5.3 131 Sugar Maple 5.5 4 14.0 129 Sweetgum 4.1 3 10.4 130 Hackberry 2.2 4 5.6 131 Persimmon 2.7 4 6.9 129 Blackgum 2.5 4 6.4 130 American Elm 4.9 3 12.4 131 Sugar Maple 2.4 4 6.1 129 Blackgum 2.6 4 6.6 130 Black Walnut 8.2 2 20.8 131 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 129 Blackgum 2.4 4 6.1 130 Hackberry 2.3 4 5.8 131 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 129 Chestnut Oak 8.6 4 21.8 130 Black Cherry 6.3 3 16.0 131 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 129 Blackgum 2.2 4 5.6 130 Hackberry 2.0 4 5.1 131 Basswood 3.0 4 7.6 129 Flowering Dogwood 2.7 4 6.9 130 American Elm 2.3 4 5.8 131 Cucumber Magnolia 8.8 3 22.4 129 Winged Elm 2.4 4 6.1 130 Hackberry 2.4 4 6.1 131 White Oak 20.9 2 53.1 88 129 Northern Red Oak 2.7 4 6.9 130 Shagbark Hickory 4.2 4 10.7 131 White Oak 15.9 2 40.4

129 Sweetgum 14.7 2 37.3 130 Shagbark Hickory 11.7 2 29.7 131 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 129 Blackgum 2.3 4 5.8 130 Shagbark Hickory 10.9 2 27.7 131 Black Cherry 2.1 4 5.3 129 Sweetgum 14.4 2 36.6 130 Sugar Maple 3.0 4 7.6 131 Sugar Maple 3.4 4 8.6 129 Sweetgum 16.1 1 40.9 130 Blackgum 4.9 4 12.4 131 Sugar Maple 3.7 4 9.4 129 White Oak 9.4 2 23.9 130 Hackberry 2.8 4 7.1 131 Sugar Maple 2.5 4 6.4 129 Winged Elm 4.0 4 10.2 130 Hackberry 3.0 4 7.6 131 Sugar Maple 3.0 4 7.6 129 White Oak 15.2 2 38.6 130 American Elm 2.8 4 7.1 132 White Oak 16.0 1 40.6 129 Winged Elm 4.0 4 10.2 130 Sugar Maple 3.3 4 8.4 132 Shagbark Hickory 7.0 3 17.8 129 Sweetgum 17.0 1 43.2 130 Pignut Hickory 6.0 3 15.2 132 White Oak 14.7 2 37.3 129 Winged Elm 3.9 4 9.9 130 American Elm 8.1 3 20.6 132 Mocker Nut Hickory 6.4 3 16.3 129 Eastern Red Cedar 3.7 4 9.4 130 Blackgum 4.0 4 10.2 132 Sugar Maple 6.4 3 16.3 129 Blackgum 10.3 3 26.2 130 Hackberry 4.9 4 12.4 132 Pignut Hickory 6.8 3 17.3 129 Sweetgum 7.2 3 18.3 131 White Oak 24.1 1 61.2 132 Pignut Hickory 3.0 4 7.6 129 Blackgum 2.2 4 5.6 131 White Oak 19.4 2 49.3 132 White Oak 11.4 2 29.0 129 Blackgum 3.2 4 8.1 131 Sugar Maple 2.7 4 6.9 132 Sugar Maple 2.3 4 5.8 130 White Oak 25.6 1 65.0 131 Sugar Maple 3.3 4 8.4 132 White Oak 5.2 3 13.2

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 132 Shagbark Hickory 3.4 4 8.6 133 Shagbark Hickory 3.7 4 9.4 134 Blackhaw 2.4 4 6.1 132 Shagbark Hickory 5.0 3 12.7 133 Pignut Hickory 6.4 3 16.3 134 Blackhaw 4.2 4 10.7 132 Winged Elm 3.4 4 8.6 133 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 134 American Elm 4.6 3 11.7 132 Eastern Redbud 2.4 4 6.1 133 Basswood 3.7 4 9.4 134 American Elm 5.8 3 14.7 132 Shagbark Hickory 2.7 4 6.9 133 Shagbark Hickory 6.4 3 16.3 134 American Elm 6.8 3 17.3 132 Shagbark Hickory 4.2 4 10.7 133 Basswood 2.4 4 6.1 134 American Elm 2.1 4 5.3 132 Winged Elm 4.0 3 10.2 133 Basswood 2.1 4 5.3 134 American Elm 3.8 4 9.7 132 Shagbark Hickory 3.0 3 7.6 133 Sugar Maple 2.1 4 5.3 134 American Elm 3.8 4 9.7 132 Persimmon 2.1 4 5.3 133 Basswood 10.0 2 25.4 134 Shagbark Hickory 2.4 4 6.1 132 Shagbark Hickory 3.8 4 9.7 133 Shagbark Hickory 9.3 2 23.6 134 Pignut Hickory 2.0 4 5.1 132 Shagbark Hickory 10.1 1 25.7 133 Basswood 2.4 4 6.1 134 Eastern Red Cedar 8.5 2 21.6 132 Eastern Red Cedar 7.9 3 20.1 133 Shagbark Hickory 7.0 3 17.8 134 Northern Red Oak 5.0 3 12.7 132 Eastern Red Cedar 7.4 3 18.8 133 Sugar Maple 3.0 4 7.6 134 Northern Red Oak 5.4 3 13.7 132 Eastern Red Cedar 3.7 4 9.4 133 American Elm 5.3 3 13.5 134 Northern Red Oak 3.2 4 8.1 132 Winged Elm 8.5 2 21.6 133 Sugar Maple 5.4 2 13.7 134 Ash 9.7 2 24.6 132 Shagbark Hickory 2.0 4 5.1 133 American Elm 7.5 2 19.1 134 Blackhaw 2.0 4 5.1 132 Sugar Maple 6.4 3 16.3 133 American Elm 4.4 2 11.2 134 American Elm 4.5 3 11.4 132 Sugar Maple 2.4 4 6.1 134 Persimmon 6.0 2 15.2 134 American Elm 3.5 4 8.9 132 Smoketree 4.5 3 11.4 134 American Elm 6.2 3 15.7 134 Ash 11.4 1 29.0 132 Sugar Maple 6.7 3 17.0 134 Sugar Maple 15.4 2 39.1 135 Ash 14.2 1 36.1 89 133 Sassafras 11.9 2 30.2 134 Flowering Dogwood 4.7 3 11.9 135 Chinkapin Oak 15.7 2 39.9

133 Sassafras 14.6 2 37.1 134 American Elm 3.4 3 8.6 135 Eastern Red Cedar 14.3 2 36.3 133 American Elm 4.7 4 11.9 134 Cucumber Magnolia 5.1 3 13.0 135 Eastern Red Cedar 9.5 2 24.1 133 Pignut Hickory 4.2 3 10.7 134 Chinkapin Oak 3.6 3 9.1 135 Eastern Red Cedar 5.9 3 15.0 133 Black Locust 3.6 3 9.1 134 Ash 5.8 3 14.7 135 Blackhaw 2.6 4 6.6 133 Northern Red Oak 22.7 1 57.7 134 Hackberry 3.3 3 8.4 135 Blackhaw 2.3 4 5.8 133 Shagbark Hickory 10.2 2 25.9 134 Hackberry 2.4 4 6.1 135 Eastern Red Cedar 5.8 3 14.7 133 Pignut Hickory 10.4 2 26.4 134 Sweetgum 3.8 3 9.7 135 Eastern Red Cedar 3.7 3 9.4 133 Pignut Hickory 2.7 4 6.9 134 Ash 13.6 2 34.5 135 Eastern Red Cedar 6.6 2 16.8 133 American Elm 3.0 4 7.6 134 Sweetgum 12.6 1 32.0 135 Eastern Red Cedar 4.9 3 12.4 133 Pignut Hickory 3.4 4 8.6 134 Sugar Maple 4.1 3 10.4 135 Chinkapin Oak 4.9 3 12.4 133 Hackberry 4.4 3 11.2 134 Basswood 4.1 3 10.4 135 Ash 23.3 1 59.2 133 Chestnut Oak 18.1 1 46.0 134 Shagbark Hickory 14.0 1 35.6 135 Eastern Red Cedar 6.1 3 15.5 133 Shagbark Hickory 2.6 4 6.6 134 Blackhaw 2.1 4 5.3 135 Smoketree 4.6 3 11.7 133 American Elm 5.7 3 14.5 134 Blackhaw 3.6 4 9.1 135 Blackhaw 2.1 4 5.3 133 Basswood 2.6 3 6.6 134 Blackhaw 3.2 4 8.1 135 Ash 8.4 2 21.3 133 Basswood 8.6 2 21.8 134 Sassafras 2.7 4 6.9 135 Blackhaw 2.8 4 7.1

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 135 Eastern Red Cedar 6.5 3 16.5 136 Sugar Maple 4.8 3 12.2 137 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 135 Chinkapin Oak 6.7 2 17.0 136 Sugar Maple 4.1 3 10.4 137 White Oak 9.3 2 23.6 135 Eastern Red Cedar 10.2 2 25.9 136 Sugar Maple 2.8 3 7.1 137 Sugar Maple 6.2 3 15.7 135 Eastern Redbud 2.3 4 5.8 136 Sugar Maple 3.5 3 8.9 137 Sugar Maple 4.8 3 12.2 135 Eastern Red Cedar 5.6 3 14.2 136 Sugar Maple 5.4 3 13.7 137 Sugar Maple 4.7 3 11.9 135 American Elm 2.3 4 5.8 136 Sugar Maple 2.5 4 6.4 138 Sugar Maple 20.6 2 52.3 135 Eastern Red Cedar 11.3 2 28.7 136 Sugar Maple 9.9 2 25.1 138 Sugar Maple 18.1 2 46.0 135 Ash 10.5 1 26.7 136 Northern Red Oak 7.8 2 19.8 138 Northern Red Oak 16.8 2 42.7 135 Eastern Red Cedar 2.3 4 5.8 137 White Oak 18.3 1 46.5 138 Cucumber Magnolia 3.0 4 7.6 135 Eastern Red Cedar 2.0 4 5.1 137 Sugar Maple 8.3 3 21.1 138 American Elm 5.0 4 12.7 135 Winged Elm 2.4 4 6.1 137 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 138 Basswood 2.3 4 5.8 135 Eastern Red Cedar 2.0 4 5.1 137 Sugar Maple 4.9 3 12.4 138 Cucumber Magnolia 2.3 4 5.8 136 Eastern Red Cedar 17.9 2 45.5 137 White Oak 17.2 2 43.7 138 Yellow Poplar 3.1 3 7.9 136 Sugar Maple 3.0 3 7.6 137 Sugar Maple 4.2 3 10.7 138 American Elm 9.1 2 23.1 136 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.2 4 5.6 137 Sugar Maple 4.7 3 11.9 138 Pignut Hickory 2.2 4 5.6 136 Eastern Red Cedar 15.0 2 38.1 137 White Oak 10.7 2 27.2 138 Cucumber Magnolia 8.1 3 20.6 136 Northern Red Oak 8.3 2 21.1 137 Sugar Maple 2.5 4 6.4 138 American Elm 4.2 4 10.7 136 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 137 White Oak 16.9 2 42.9 138 Carolina Buckthorn 2.5 4 6.4 136 Sugar Maple 10.6 2 26.9 137 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 138 American Elm 3.2 3 8.1 136 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.6 4 6.6 137 Sugar Maple 2.9 4 7.4 138 American Elm 5.6 3 14.2 90 136 Sugar Maple 2.4 4 6.1 137 Sugar Maple 3.4 4 8.6 138 Northern Red Oak 9.4 2 23.9

136 Sugar Maple 3.9 3 9.9 137 White Oak 14.7 2 37.3 138 American Elm 2.9 4 7.4 136 Shagbark Hickory 2.3 4 5.8 137 Sugar Maple 2.5 3 6.4 138 Black Walnut 11.8 2 30.0 136 Eastern Red Cedar 13.6 2 34.5 137 Sugar Maple 4.9 3 12.4 138 American Elm 3.2 4 8.1 136 Chinkapin Oak 5.1 3 13.0 137 White Oak 21.4 1 54.4 138 Persimmon 2.8 4 7.1 136 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.6 4 6.6 137 Sugar Maple 6.4 3 16.3 138 American Elm 4.9 3 12.4 136 Eastern Red Cedar 12.6 2 32.0 137 Sugar Maple 5.6 3 14.2 138 Cucumber Magnolia 2.6 4 6.6 136 Chinkapin Oak 3.0 4 7.6 137 Sugar Maple 5.4 3 13.7 138 Chinkapin Oak 26.2 1 66.5 136 Northern Red Oak 12.7 2 32.3 137 Sugar Maple 3.5 3 8.9 139 White Oak 23.1 1 58.7 136 Smoketree 2.2 4 5.6 137 Chestnut Oak 14.6 2 37.1 139 White Oak 14.8 2 37.6 136 Eastern Red Cedar 9.2 3 23.4 137 Sugar Maple 2.1 4 5.3 139 Pignut Hickory 3.1 4 7.9 136 American Elm 7.5 3 19.1 137 Sugar Maple 4.2 3 10.7 139 Cucumber Magnolia 3.2 4 8.1 136 Eastern Red Cedar 2.7 3 6.9 137 Sugar Maple 3.6 4 9.1 139 Post Oak 8.9 2 22.6 136 Ash 21.6 1 54.9 137 Sugar Maple 7.4 3 18.8 139 Mulberry 6.8 3 17.3 136 Sugar Maple 2.1 4 5.3 137 Persimmon 4.1 3 10.4 139 Flowering Dogwood 2.4 4 6.1 136 American Elm 4.5 3 11.4 137 Sugar Maple 2.5 4 6.4 139 Winged Elm 6.9 3 17.5 136 Sugar Maple 5.1 3 13.0 137 Sugar Maple 8.0 3 20.3 139 Winged Elm 4.0 4 10.2

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 139 Eastern Red Cedar 2.0 4 5.1 141 White Oak 32.8 1 83.3 142 Winged Elm 2.6 4 6.6 139 White Oak 15.3 2 38.9 141 White Oak 12.6 2 32.0 142 White Oak 9.7 3 24.6 139 White Oak 10.7 2 27.2 141 Sugar Maple 2.9 4 7.4 142 Ash 17.5 2 44.5 139 Post Oak 10.0 2 25.4 141 Sugar Maple 2.8 4 7.1 142 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.2 4 5.6 139 Winged Elm 2.9 4 7.4 141 Sugar Maple 2.3 4 5.8 142 Sweetgum 2.3 4 5.8 139 Winged Elm 3.6 4 9.1 141 Winged Elm 3.2 4 8.1 142 Winged Elm 2.4 4 6.1 139 White Oak 8.6 3 21.8 141 Sugar Maple 2.7 4 6.9 142 Winged Elm 2.0 4 5.1 139 Post Oak 10.9 2 27.7 141 Sugar Maple 2.4 4 6.1 142 American Elm 3.3 4 8.4 139 Post Oak 9.7 2 24.6 141 Black Cherry 2.0 4 5.1 142 American Elm 3.6 4 9.1 139 Serviceberry 2.3 4 5.8 141 Blackgum 2.5 4 6.4 142 Shagbark Hickory 15.3 2 38.9 139 Winged Elm 10.2 3 25.9 141 Sugar Maple 2.1 4 5.3 142 Shagbark Hickory 2.7 4 6.9 139 White Oak 12.9 2 32.8 141 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 142 American Elm 2.2 4 5.6 139 Winged Elm 4.3 4 10.9 141 Sugar Maple 3.4 4 8.6 142 Winged Elm 3.0 4 7.6 139 Blackgum 6.1 3 15.5 141 White Oak 5.2 3 13.2 142 Pignut Hickory 2.3 4 5.8 139 Flowering Dogwood 2.9 4 7.4 141 White Oak 10.3 2 26.2 142 Black Locust 14.0 2 35.6 139 Black Cherry 2.0 4 5.1 141 Blackgum 2.6 4 6.6 142 Sweetgum 7.1 3 18.0 140 Mocker Nut Hickory 18.0 2 45.7 141 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 142 Blackgum 4.1 3 10.4 140 Mocker Nut Hickory 11.4 2 29.0 141 Mocker Nut Hickory 13.9 2 35.3 142 Sweetgum 7.5 3 19.1 140 Mocker Nut Hickory 3.7 3 9.4 141 Serviceberry 2.2 4 5.6 142 Sweetgum 3.4 4 8.6 140 Chestnut Oak 13.9 2 35.3 141 Blackgum 3.1 4 7.9 142 Sweetgum 6.7 3 17.0 91 140 Chestnut Oak 3.3 4 8.4 141 Sugar Maple 4.1 3 10.4 142 Blackgum 4.3 3 10.9

140 Sourwood 7.5 3 19.1 141 Blackgum 2.1 4 4.0 143 Yellow Poplar 8.0 2 20.3 140 Sourwood 7.3 3 18.5 141 White Oak 13.6 2 34.5 143 Sourwood 2.2 3 5.6 140 Chestnut Oak 12.6 2 32.0 141 Yellow Poplar 2.3 4 5.8 143 Black Oak 2.1 3 5.3 140 Blackgum 3.5 4 8.9 141 Sugar Maple 2.1 4 5.3 143 Sassafras 2.3 4 5.8 140 Chestnut Oak 14.2 2 36.1 141 Mocker Nut Hickory 8.1 3 20.6 143 Chestnut Oak 2.6 3 6.6 140 Winged Elm 2.1 4 5.3 141 Sugar Maple 2.5 4 6.4 143 Slippery Elm 2.2 4 5.6 140 Mocker Nut Hickory 5.0 3 12.7 141 Sugar Maple 2.4 4 6.1 143 Shagbark Hickory 3.6 3 9.1 140 Mocker Nut Hickory 4.6 3 11.7 141 Sugar Maple 2.8 4 7.1 143 Yellow Poplar 2.8 3 7.1 140 White Oak 2.1 4 5.3 141 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 143 Yellow Poplar 9.0 2 22.9 140 Winged Elm 2.1 4 5.3 141 Sugar Maple 2.4 4 6.1 143 Sourwood 2.5 3 6.4 140 Black Cherry 5.2 3 13.2 141 Blackgum 3.0 4 7.6 143 Yellow Poplar 5.4 2 13.7 140 White Oak 14.3 2 36.3 142 Northern Red Oak 28.4 1 72.1 143 Yellow Poplar 2.7 3 6.9 140 Flowering Dogwood 3.5 4 8.9 142 Sweetgum 14.7 2 37.3 143 Hackberry 7.8 2 19.8 140 White Oak 9.1 3 23.1 142 Winged Elm 3.5 4 8.9 143 Sweetgum 4.4 3 11.2 140 Persimmon 3.1 4 7.9 142 Sweetgum 9.4 2 23.9 143 Sugar Maple 2.7 4 6.9 140 Chestnut Oak 17.5 2 44.5 142 Mocker Nut Hickory 5.8 3 14.7 143 Blackgum 15.0 2 38.1

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 143 Chestnut Oak 9.3 2 23.6 144 Northern Red Oak 8.3 2 21.1 145 Sugar Maple 5.7 3 14.5 143 Sweetgum 2.8 3 7.1 144 Eastern Red Cedar 2.5 4 6.4 145 White Oak 7.4 2 18.8 143 Yellow Poplar 13.6 2 34.5 144 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 145 White Oak 7.6 2 19.3 143 Sassafras 2.5 3 6.4 144 Slippery Elm 2.1 3 5.3 145 Sugar Maple 3.1 3 7.9 143 Black Locust 2.0 4 5.1 144 Blackhaw 2.1 4 5.3 145 Sugar Maple 2.7 4 6.9 143 Black Locust 2.1 3 5.3 144 Slippery Elm 5.4 2 13.7 145 Sugar Maple 2.3 4 5.8 143 Sassafras 2.5 3 6.4 144 Chinkapin Oak 4.7 3 11.9 145 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 143 Sourwood 16.2 3 41.1 144 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 145 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.6 4 6.6 143 Sweetgum 2.3 4 5.8 144 Slippery Elm 3.1 4 7.9 145 Sugar Maple 2.4 4 6.1 143 Yellow Poplar 5.8 4 14.7 144 Northern Red Oak 5.4 3 13.7 145 Sugar Maple 4.0 3 10.2 143 Yellow Poplar 3.8 3 9.7 144 Slippery Elm 3.7 3 9.4 145 Northern Red Oak 9.3 2 23.6 143 Yellow Poplar 5.7 2 14.5 144 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.5 4 6.4 145 Northern Red Oak 9.2 2 23.4 143 Yellow Poplar 5.8 2 14.7 144 Slippery Elm 2.3 4 5.8 145 White Oak 20.9 1 53.1 143 Yellow Poplar 4.0 3 10.2 144 Northern Red Oak 14.1 2 35.8 145 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.4 4 6.1 143 Yellow Poplar 3.6 3 9.1 144 Eastern Red Cedar 7.7 3 19.6 145 Eastern Hophornbeam 3.4 4 8.6 143 Sassafras 2.4 4 6.1 144 Northern Red Oak 15.0 2 38.1 145 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.5 4 6.4 143 Chestnut Oak 2.5 4 6.4 144 Ash 11.2 2 28.4 145 Sugar Maple 5.1 3 13.0 143 Sweetgum 4.9 3 12.4 144 Slippery Elm 6.0 2 15.2 145 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 143 Shagbark Hickory 2.3 4 5.8 144 Ash 6.4 2 16.3 145 Sugar Maple 2.9 4 7.4 143 Sassafras 2.4 4 6.1 144 Sugar Maple 2.5 4 6.4 145 Northern Red Oak 8.6 2 21.8 92 143 Sassafras 2.7 3 6.9 144 Sugar Maple 2.9 3 7.4 145 Winged Elm 3.7 4 9.4

143 Sassafras 2.7 3 6.9 144 Sugar Maple 6.6 2 16.8 145 White Oak 2.3 4 5.8 143 Sweetgum 4.3 3 10.9 144 Northern Red Oak 13.5 1 34.3 145 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 143 Sassafras 2.2 4 5.6 144 Slippery Elm 4.4 3 11.2 145 White Oak 4.6 3 11.7 143 Blackgum 2.5 4 6.4 144 Sugar Maple 2.3 4 5.8 145 Winged Elm 2.0 4 5.1 143 Yellow Poplar 9.4 1 23.9 144 Sugar Maple 11.0 2 27.9 145 White Oak 14.2 2 36.1 143 Basswood 2.3 4 5.8 144 Chinkapin Oak 3.5 3 8.9 145 White Oak 5.1 3 13.0 143 Chestnut Oak 3.6 3 9.1 144 Sugar Maple 10.2 2 25.9 145 White Oak 15.6 1 39.6 144 Chinkapin Oak 10.2 2 25.9 144 Slippery Elm 2.9 4 7.4 145 Sugar Maple 4.2 3 10.7 144 Sugar Maple 9.2 2 23.4 144 Sugar Maple 2.4 3 6.1 145 Sugar Maple 2.3 4 5.8 144 Sugar Maple 6.2 3 15.7 144 Slippery Elm 2.9 4 7.4 145 Pignut Hickory 13.0 2 33.0 144 Sugar Maple 2.4 4 6.1 144 Chinkapin Oak 8.0 2 20.3 145 Winged Elm 3.1 4 7.9 144 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 144 Chinkapin Oak 3.3 3 8.4 145 Eastern Hophornbeam 3.1 4 7.9 144 Eastern Redbud 2.3 4 5.8 145 White Oak 17.2 2 43.7 145 Winged Elm 2.9 4 7.4 144 Ash 5.6 3 14.2 145 White Oak 7.9 2 20.1 146 White Oak 15.6 1 39.6 144 Basswood 2.1 4 5.3 145 White Oak 7.2 2 18.3 146 Sugar Maple 7.4 3 18.8 144 Northern Red Oak 10.1 2 25.7 145 White Oak 18.8 2 47.8 146 Sugar Maple 2.3 4 5.8

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 146 Sugar Maple 7.2 3 18.3 147 Northern Red Oak 12.5 2 31.8 148 Chinkapin Oak 5.3 3 13.5 146 Persimmon 3.6 4 9.1 147 Shagbark Hickory 22.4 1 56.9 148 Shagbark Hickory 11.4 3 29.0 146 White Oak 2.3 4 5.8 147 Ash 9.6 2 24.4 148 Northern Red Oak 13.8 1 35.1 146 Sugar Maple 2.4 4 6.1 147 Northern Red Oak 13.3 2 33.8 148 Smoketree 4.0 4 10.2 146 Sugar Maple 3.5 4 8.9 147 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.9 4 7.4 148 Smoketree 6.7 4 17.0 146 Persimmon 10.8 2 27.4 147 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.8 4 7.1 148 Smoketree 6.0 4 15.2 146 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.2 4 5.6 147 Blackhaw 3.2 4 8.1 148 Smoketree 3.7 4 9.4 146 Basswood 5.6 3 14.2 147 Sugar Maple 3.1 1 7.9 148 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.6 4 6.6 146 Eastern Red Cedar 11.8 3 30.0 147 Sugar Maple 7.5 3 19.1 148 Sugar Maple 3.0 4 7.6 146 White Oak 2.9 4 7.4 147 Sugar Maple 3.0 4 7.6 148 Shagbark Hickory 4.7 2 11.9 146 White Oak 11.4 2 29.0 147 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.6 4 6.6 148 Shagbark Hickory 6.9 3 17.5 146 White Oak 16.0 2 40.6 147 Slippery Elm 2.5 4 6.4 148 Shagbark Hickory 2.9 4 7.4 146 Sugar Maple 9.5 3 24.1 147 Ash 15.2 1 38.6 148 Northern Red Oak 2.0 4 5.1 146 Sugar Maple 4.7 3 11.9 147 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.0 4 5.1 148 Eastern Red Cedar 4.0 4 10.2 146 Sugar Maple 2.8 4 7.1 147 Eastern Red Cedar 13.4 3 34.0 148 Eastern Red Cedar 3.3 4 8.4 146 White Oak 4.4 3 11.2 147 Northern Red Oak 9.2 2 23.4 148 Eastern Red Cedar 4.5 4 11.4 146 Northern Red Oak 10.1 2 25.7 147 Sugar Maple 3.4 4 8.6 148 Smoketree 8.3 3 21.1 146 Sugar Maple 2.1 4 5.3 147 Basswood 2.2 4 5.6 148 Eastern Red Cedar 5.0 4 12.7 146 Sugar Maple 2.9 4 7.4 148 Northern Red Oak 6.7 3 17.0 148 Northern Red Oak 8.7 1 22.1 146 Sugar Maple 2.4 4 6.1 148 Smoketree 7.4 4 18.8 148 Eastern Red Cedar 3.4 4 8.6 93 146 White Oak 2.3 4 5.8 148 Ash 18.4 1 46.7 148 American Elm 5.1 3 13.0

146 Sugar Maple 2.8 4 7.1 148 Smoketree 4.3 4 10.9 148 Winged Elm 2.5 4 6.4 146 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 148 Smoketree 8.0 4 20.3 148 Northern Red Oak 2.8 4 7.1 146 Sugar Maple 3.7 4 9.4 148 Eastern Red Cedar 3.1 4 7.9 148 Smoketree 2.7 4 6.9 146 Sugar Maple 2.3 4 5.8 148 Shagbark Hickory 8.2 2 20.8 148 Smoketree 9.9 4 25.1 146 Persimmon 9.1 2 23.1 148 Smoketree 3.9 3 9.9 148 Northern Red Oak 9.3 2 23.6 146 Sugar Maple 3.7 3 9.4 148 Persimmon 3.7 3 9.4 148 Eastern Red Cedar 13.9 3 35.3 147 Northern Red Oak 20.8 1 52.8 148 Smoketree 4.7 4 11.9 148 Smoketree 2.7 4 6.9 147 Ash 2.8 2 7.1 148 Smoketree 2.5 4 6.4 148 Post Oak 5.0 3 12.7 147 Persimmon 10.8 2 27.4 148 Smoketree 3.5 4 8.9 148 Winged Elm 4.5 4 11.4 147 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.0 4 5.1 148 Northern Red Oak 7.3 2 18.5 148 Smoketree 7.9 3 20.1 147 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 148 Persimmon 2.1 4 5.3 149 Shagbark Hickory 7.6 2 19.4 147 Winged Elm 2.3 4 5.8 148 Smoketree 9.5 3 24.1 149 Winged Elm 7.8 2 19.8 147 Eastern Red Cedar 9.2 3 23.4 148 Shagbark Hickory 3.4 4 8.6 149 Eastern Redbud 4.0 4 10.2 147 Eastern Red Cedar 6.2 3 15.7 148 Smoketree 4.0 4 10.2 149 Eastern Redbud 3.4 4 8.6 147 Eastern Hophornbeam 4.2 4 10.7 148 Sugar Maple 2.8 4 7.1 149 Sassafras 4.5 3 11.4 147 Sugar Maple 2.3 4 5.8 148 Sugar Maple 3.9 3 9.9 149 Sassafras 2.1 4 5.3

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 149 Winged Elm 2.0 4 5.1 149 Northern Red Oak 2.0 4 5.1 151 Sugar Maple 3.7 3 9.4 149 Post Oak 11.8 2 30.0 149 Persimmon 3.4 3 8.6 151 Smoketree 4.8 4 12.2 149 Winged Elm 2.3 4 5.8 149 Eastern Red Cedar 2.1 4 5.3 151 Chinkapin Oak 2.5 3 6.4 149 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 149 Eastern Redbud 3.4 4 8.6 151 Blackhaw 2.2 4 5.6 149 Post Oak 19.8 1 50.3 149 Blackhaw 2.0 4 5.1 151 Sugar Maple 2.7 3 6.9 149 Eastern Red Cedar 5.5 3 14.0 149 American Elm 3.0 4 7.6 151 Blackhaw 2.9 4 7.4 149 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 150 Winged Elm 21.7 1 55.1 151 Pignut Hickory 6.4 3 16.3 149 Shagbark Hickory 2.7 3 6.9 150 Shagbark Hickory 12.6 2 32.0 151 Smoketree 2.6 4 6.6 149 Winged Elm 2.0 4 5.1 150 Carolina Buckthorn 2.1 4 5.3 151 Sugar Maple 3.8 3 9.7 149 Post Oak 2.3 2 5.8 150 Winged Elm 4.4 3 11.2 151 Chinkapin Oak 3.6 3 9.1 149 Eastern Red Cedar 3.0 4 7.6 150 American Elm 4.3 3 10.9 151 Smoketree 3.6 4 9.1 149 Eastern Red Cedar 13.7 2 34.8 150 Flowering Dogwood 2.5 4 6.4 151 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 149 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.7 4 6.9 150 Sugar Maple 7.8 3 19.8 151 Pignut Hickory 12.6 2 32.0 149 Pignut Hickory 5.0 3 12.7 150 American Elm 5.5 3 14.0 151 Sugar Maple 2.5 4 6.4 149 Eastern Redbud 3.3 4 8.4 150 Eastern Red Cedar 18.7 2 47.5 151 Chinkapin Oak 3.6 3 9.1 149 Shagbark Hickory 11.9 2 30.2 150 Winged Elm 3.2 4 8.1 151 Sugar Maple 3.4 3 8.6 149 Winged Elm 3.9 3 9.9 150 Winged Elm 2.1 4 5.3 151 Sugar Maple 3.4 3 8.6 149 Sassafras 2.7 4 6.9 150 Winged Elm 2.2 4 5.6 151 Sugar Maple 2.8 3 7.1 149 American Elm 7.7 3 19.6 150 Eastern Redbud 5.3 3 13.5 151 Northern Red Oak 18.6 1 47.2 149 Shagbark Hickory 2.1 4 5.3 150 American Elm 6.0 3 15.2 151 Northern Red Oak 8.5 2 21.6 94 149 Eastern Redbud 2.2 4 5.6 150 Shagbark Hickory 8.2 3 20.8 151 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1

149 Sassafras 4.4 3 11.2 150 Chinkapin Oak 4.8 3 12.2 151 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.3 4 5.8 149 Winged Elm 2.3 4 5.8 150 American Elm 5.0 3 12.7 151 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 149 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.7 4 6.9 150 Eastern Red Cedar 2.2 4 5.6 151 Sugar Maple 2.7 4 6.9 149 Winged Elm 2.7 4 6.9 150 Carolina Buckthorn 3.2 4 8.1 151 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.5 4 6.4 149 Eastern Redbud 6.0 3 15.2 150 Persimmon 4.0 3 10.2 151 Chinkapin Oak 9.6 2 24.4 149 Winged Elm 2.4 4 6.1 150 American Elm 2.5 4 6.4 151 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.6 5 6.6 149 Sassafras 4.1 4 10.4 150 Carolina Buckthorn 2.7 4 6.9 151 Sugar Maple 4.4 3 11.2 149 American Elm 3.3 4 8.4 150 White Oak 2.3 1 5.8 151 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 149 Persimmon 4.5 3 11.4 150 Eastern Redbud 4.5 3 11.4 151 Sugar Maple 2.5 4 6.4 149 Chinkapin Oak 4.0 3 10.2 150 American Elm 3.8 3 9.7 151 Sugar Maple 3.9 3 9.9 149 Pignut Hickory 12.5 2 31.8 150 Northern Red Oak 10.5 2 26.7 151 Sugar Maple 2.3 4 5.8 149 Winged Elm 3.6 4 9.1 150 Persimmon 9.5 2 24.1 151 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 149 Eastern Redbud 6.0 4 15.2 150 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.2 4 5.6 151 Sugar Maple 2.3 4 5.8 149 Flowering Dogwood 3.5 4 8.9 151 Sugar Maple 17.5 2 44.5 151 Northern Red Oak 12.1 2 30.7 149 Persimmon 2.8 4 7.1 151 Northern Red Oak 12.2 2 31.0 151 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 149 Eastern Red Cedar 3.3 4 8.4 151 Shagbark Hickory 18.0 2 45.7 151 Sugar Maple 3.9 3 9.9

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 151 Pignut Hickory 7.7 2 19.6 153 Sugar Maple 5.1 3 13.0 154 Winged Elm 15.1 2 38.4 151 Chinkapin Oak 4.8 3 12.2 153 Sugar Maple 4.5 4 11.4 154 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.8 4 7.1 151 Sugar Maple 3.0 4 7.6 153 Northern Red Oak 11.6 2 29.5 154 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.4 4 6.1 151 Sugar Maple 5.1 3 13.0 153 Shagbark Hickory 11.4 2 29.0 154 Sugar Maple 2.9 4 7.4 151 Smoketree 6.3 4 16.0 153 Shagbark Hickory 3.5 3 8.9 154 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 152 Shagbark Hickory 12.0 2 30.5 153 Ash 10.3 2 26.2 154 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.7 4 6.9 152 Sugar Maple 11.1 2 28.2 153 Sugar Maple 3.4 3 8.6 154 Eastern Redbud 2.5 4 6.4 152 Winged Elm 8.0 3 20.3 153 Ash 8.6 1 21.8 154 Shagbark Hickory 16.3 1 41.4 152 Slippery Elm 12.0 2 30.5 153 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.2 4 5.6 154 Chinkapin Oak 17.3 2 43.9 152 Sugar Maple 5.4 3 13.7 153 Smoketree 10.5 3 26.7 154 White Oak 12.7 4 32.3 152 Ash 4.0 3 10.2 153 Ash 5.5 2 14.0 154 Cucumber Magnolia 5.8 3 14.7 152 Ash 3.3 4 8.4 153 Chinkapin Oak 10.0 2 25.4 154 Northern Red Oak 3.6 4 9.1 152 Northern Red Oak 6.0 3 15.2 153 Northern Red Oak 10.5 2 26.7 154 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.1 4 5.3 152 Sugar Maple 2.1 4 5.3 153 Shagbark Hickory 2.7 4 6.9 154 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.3 4 5.8 152 Sugar Maple 7.3 2 18.5 153 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.2 4 5.6 154 Eastern Redbud 2.3 4 5.8 152 Ash 2.7 4 6.9 153 Smoketree 2.3 3 5.8 154 Chinkapin Oak 15.3 2 38.9 152 Sugar Maple 3.4 3 8.6 153 Shagbark Hickory 9.1 2 23.1 154 Eastern Redbud 3.1 3 7.9 152 Slippery Elm 15.1 2 38.4 153 Sugar Maple 3.0 4 7.6 154 Chinkapin Oak 2.3 4 5.8 152 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.5 4 6.4 153 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.9 4 7.4 154 Eastern Hophornbeam 3.1 4 7.9 152 Winged Elm 7.9 3 20.1 153 Sugar Maple 7.3 2 18.5 154 Sugar Maple 4.0 3 10.2 95 152 Shagbark Hickory 17.3 2 43.9 153 Ash 6.6 2 16.8 154 Chinkapin Oak 6.4 3 16.3

152 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.9 4 7.4 153 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 154 Black Walnut 10.3 2 26.2 152 Eastern Red Cedar 7.1 3 18.0 153 Northern Red Oak 3.1 2 7.9 154 Shagbark Hickory 3.6 4 9.1 152 Ash 2.2 4 5.6 153 Eastern Hophornbeam 3.3 3 8.4 154 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.7 4 6.9 152 Persimmon 8.7 3 22.1 153 Shagbark Hickory 6.0 3 15.2 154 Chinkapin Oak 7.9 3 20.1 152 Pignut Hickory 8.3 2 21.1 153 Northern Red Oak 9.2 2 23.4 154 Persimmon 2.7 4 6.9 152 American Elm 15.4 2 39.1 153 Chinkapin Oak 5.2 3 13.2 154 Northern Red Oak 15.5 2 39.4 152 Ash 3.6 3 9.1 153 Chinkapin Oak 3.7 3 9.4 154 Pignut Hickory 3.0 4 7.6 152 Flowering Dogwood 2.6 4 6.6 153 Ash 11.6 2 29.5 154 Eastern Redbud 3.3 4 8.4 152 Ash 4.1 4 10.4 153 Eastern Red Cedar 12.9 3 32.8 154 Sugar Maple 2.7 4 6.9 153 Smoketree 8.0 2 20.3 153 Ash 4.6 2 11.7 154 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.5 4 6.4 153 Sugar Maple 7.1 2 18.0 153 Smoketree 2.5 4 6.4 154 Chinkapin Oak 9.0 3 22.9 153 Sugar Maple 7.1 2 18.0 153 Chinkapin Oak 8.1 2 20.6 154 Blackhaw 2.8 4 7.1 153 Northern Red Oak 13.7 2 34.8 153 Shagbark Hickory 2.8 4 7.1 154 Sugar Maple 4.5 3 11.4 153 Northern Red Oak 11.7 2 29.7 153 Shagbark Hickory 6.5 2 16.5 154 Eastern Hophornbeam 3.3 3 8.4 153 Sugar Maple 2.3 4 5.8 153 Ash 3.0 4 7.6 154 Sugar Maple 2.9 4 7.4 153 American Elm 14.5 3 36.8 154 Chinkapin Oak 12.5 2 31.8 155 Post Oak 12.6 2 32.0

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 155 Northern Red Oak 14.1 1 35.8 155 American Elm 2.2 4 5.6 156 Eastern Red Cedar 7.3 2 18.5 155 Post Oak 10.8 2 27.4 155 Slippery Elm 2.9 4 7.4 156 Eastern Red Cedar 2.6 4 6.6 155 Eastern Red Cedar 2.2 4 5.6 155 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.7 4 6.9 156 Eastern Red Cedar 7.2 2 18.3 155 Eastern Red Cedar 2.3 4 5.8 155 Northern Red Oak 3.2 4 8.1 156 Eastern Red Cedar 5.4 3 13.7 155 Eastern Red Cedar 5.4 3 13.7 155 Winged Elm 2.2 4 5.6 156 Eastern Red Cedar 5.4 3 13.7 155 Eastern Redbud 2.1 3 5.3 155 American Elm 2.0 4 5.1 156 Eastern Red Cedar 4.9 3 12.4 155 Eastern Red Cedar 4.3 3 10.9 155 American Elm 2.6 4 6.6 156 Eastern Red Cedar 2.4 4 6.1 155 Winged Elm 3.2 4 8.1 155 Eastern Red Cedar 3.8 4 9.7 156 Eastern Red Cedar 2.0 4 5.1 155 Sugar Maple 3.2 3 8.1 155 Eastern Hophornbeam 3.2 4 8.1 156 Chinkapin Oak 3.7 3 9.4 155 Eastern Red Cedar 2.5 4 6.4 155 Smoketree 2.1 4 5.3 156 Chinkapin Oak 2.9 3 7.4 155 Slippery Elm 6.7 3 17.0 155 Winged Elm 2.2 4 5.6 156 Smoketree 3.1 4 7.9 155 Smoketree 2.1 4 5.3 155 Eastern Red Cedar 3.2 4 8.1 156 Shagbark Hickory 8.3 2 21.1 155 Blackhaw 2.0 4 5.1 155 American Elm 3.8 3 9.7 156 Eastern Red Cedar 4.7 3 11.9 155 Eastern Red Cedar 4.5 3 11.4 155 Eastern Red Cedar 3.7 4 9.4 156 Eastern Red Cedar 6.3 2 16.0 155 American Elm 3.2 3 8.1 155 Eastern Red Cedar 5.6 3 14.2 156 Eastern Red Cedar 3.0 4 7.6 155 Eastern Red Cedar 4.3 4 10.9 155 Pignut Hickory 3.5 4 8.9 156 Eastern Red Cedar 3.4 4 8.6 155 Blackhaw 2.2 4 5.6 155 Eastern Red Cedar 5.1 3 13.0 156 Eastern Red Cedar 2.3 4 5.8 155 Northern Red Oak 13.4 1 34.0 155 Blackhaw 2.7 4 6.9 156 Eastern Red Cedar 2.6 4 6.6 155 Blackhaw 3.4 4 8.6 155 Eastern Red Cedar 3.5 4 8.9 156 Eastern Red Cedar 3.6 3 9.1 155 Blackhaw 2.0 4 5.1 156 Smoketree 8.0 3 20.3 156 Eastern Red Cedar 3.2 4 8.1 96 155 Eastern Red Cedar 4.3 4 10.9 156 Ash 9.4 2 23.9 156 Eastern Red Cedar 3.0 4 7.6

155 Eastern Red Cedar 4.7 3 11.9 156 Winged Elm 2.2 4 5.6 156 Eastern Red Cedar 5.5 3 14.0 155 Eastern Red Cedar 2.5 4 6.4 156 Ash 6.9 3 17.5 156 Eastern Red Cedar 4.2 3 10.7 155 Shagbark Hickory 6.7 2 17.0 156 Eastern Red Cedar 2.0 4 5.1 156 Eastern Red Cedar 5.4 3 13.7 155 Winged Elm 2.3 4 5.8 156 Winged Elm 2.2 4 5.6 156 Eastern Red Cedar 3.5 3 8.9 155 Sugar Maple 3.3 3 8.4 156 Eastern Red Cedar 3.8 3 9.7 156 Eastern Red Cedar 2.5 4 6.4 155 Eastern Red Cedar 2.8 4 7.1 156 Ash 10.9 2 27.7 156 Eastern Red Cedar 4.4 3 11.2 155 Winged Elm 3.2 3 8.1 156 Eastern Red Cedar 3.5 3 8.9 156 Eastern Red Cedar 4.3 3 10.9 155 Eastern Redbud 4.2 4 10.7 156 Eastern Red Cedar 4.5 3 11.4 156 Eastern Red Cedar 7.1 3 18.0 155 Northern Red Oak 14.3 2 36.3 156 Eastern Red Cedar 5.6 3 14.2 156 Eastern Red Cedar 3.2 4 8.1 155 Winged Elm 5.0 3 12.7 156 Eastern Red Cedar 2.8 4 7.1 156 Eastern Red Cedar 2.3 4 5.8 155 Sugar Maple 2.8 4 7.1 156 Eastern Red Cedar 2.5 4 6.4 156 Eastern Red Cedar 5.1 3 13.0 155 Eastern Red Cedar 5.8 3 14.7 156 Eastern Red Cedar 4.9 3 12.4 156 Ash 6.9 2 17.5 155 Eastern Red Cedar 3.8 4 9.7 156 Eastern Red Cedar 6.4 2 16.3 156 Shagbark Hickory 2.6 3 6.6 155 Eastern Red Cedar 2.4 4 6.1 156 Smoketree 2.8 4 7.1 156 Ash 7.3 2 18.5 155 Persimmon 6.1 2 15.5 156 Chinkapin Oak 8.0 4 20.3 156 Shagbark Hickory 5.2 3 13.2 155 Blackhaw 2.3 4 5.8 156 Pignut Hickory 4.4 3 11.2 156 Smoketree 2.3 4 5.8

Crown DBH Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 156 Chinkapin Oak 4.3 3 10.9 157 Persimmon 6.7 2 17.0 157 Winged Elm 2.4 4 6.1 156 Chinkapin Oak 10.4 3 26.4 157 Blackhaw 2.4 4 6.1 157 Ash 10.7 1 27.1 156 Smoketree 6.1 4 15.5 157 American Elm 2.3 4 5.8 157 Eastern Red Cedar 4.5 4 11.4 156 Northern Red Oak 10.6 1 26.9 157 Eastern Red Cedar 4.0 3 10.2 157 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 156 Eastern Red Cedar 6.0 3 15.2 157 Blackhaw 2.4 4 6.1 157 Sugar Maple 8.6 2 21.8 156 Eastern Red Cedar 5.2 3 13.2 157 Eastern Red Cedar 2.1 4 5.3 157 Sugar Maple 2.0 4 5.1 156 Eastern Red Cedar 3.2 4 8.1 157 Sugar Maple 2.1 4 5.3 157 Persimmon 5.3 3 13.5 156 Eastern Red Cedar 3.2 4 8.1 157 Carolina Buckthorn 2.2 4 5.6 157 Persimmon 3.0 4 7.6 156 Eastern Red Cedar 2.5 4 6.4 157 Blackhaw 2.6 4 6.6 157 Blackhaw 4.7 4 11.9 156 Eastern Red Cedar 4.3 4 10.9 157 Sugar Maple 3.0 3 7.6 157 Blackhaw 3.0 4 7.6 156 Eastern Red Cedar 2.2 4 5.6 157 American Elm 4.3 3 10.9 157 Sugar Maple 3.1 4 7.9 156 Eastern Red Cedar 3.4 4 8.6 157 Winged Elm 3.0 3 7.6 157 Eastern Red Cedar 5.5 3 14.0 156 Eastern Red Cedar 4.2 4 10.7 157 Eastern Red Cedar 8.7 2 22.1 157 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 156 Eastern Red Cedar 4.0 3 10.2 157 Winged Elm 2.1 4 5.3 157 Eastern Red Cedar 2.2 4 5.6 156 Eastern Red Cedar 5.3 3 13.5 157 Eastern Red Cedar 7.7 3 19.6 157 Persimmon 4.6 3 11.7 156 Eastern Red Cedar 2.0 4 5.1 157 Blackhaw 2.2 4 5.6 157 Sugar Maple 3.8 3 9.7 156 Eastern Red Cedar 6.0 4 15.2 157 Blackhaw 2.3 4 5.8 158 Mocker Nut Hickory 16.2 1 41.1 156 Eastern Red Cedar 2.7 3 6.9 157 Eastern Red Cedar 7.1 3 18.0 158 White Oak 19.1 1 48.5 156 Ash 5.6 1 14.2 157 Shagbark Hickory 16.8 1 42.7 158 White Oak 6.4 4 16.3 156 Smoketree 4.7 3 11.9 157 Northern Red Oak 2.4 4 6.1 158 White Oak 9.7 2 24.6 97 156 Ash 8.2 2 20.8 157 Blackhaw 2.3 4 5.8 158 Sugar Maple 3.5 3 8.9

156 Mocker Nut Hickory 14.2 1 36.1 157 Eastern Red Cedar 6.2 3 15.7 158 White Oak 9.5 2 24.1 156 Smoketree 4.6 4 11.7 157 Persimmon 5.0 2 12.7 158 Winged Elm 2.0 4 5.1 156 Ash 4.4 4 11.2 157 Eastern Red Cedar 3.6 3 9.1 158 White Oak 10.5 2 26.7 156 Smoketree 11.9 2 30.2 157 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 158 Chestnut Oak 20.5 2 52.1 156 Smoketree 2.1 4 5.3 157 Eastern Red Cedar 2.4 4 6.1 158 Pignut Hickory 2.1 4 5.3 156 Blackhaw 2.1 4 5.3 157 American Elm 9.9 1 25.1 158 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 156 Ash 5.8 3 14.7 157 Blackhaw 3.1 4 7.9 158 Chestnut Oak 5.8 3 14.7 157 Eastern Red Cedar 14.2 2 36.1 157 ash 4.1 3 10.4 158 ash 4.2 3 10.7 157 Pignut Hickory 6.0 3 15.2 157 Winged Elm 2.7 4 6.9 158 Pignut Hickory 4.6 3 11.7 157 Blackhaw 2.9 4 7.4 157 Eastern Red Cedar 4.4 3 11.2 158 Chestnut Oak 3.5 4 8.9 157 Blackhaw 3.0 4 7.6 157 Northern Red Oak 5.3 2 13.5 158 Blackgum 2.6 4 6.6 157 Persimmon 5.8 2 14.7 157 Winged Elm 2.0 4 5.1 158 Sugar Maple 6.0 3 15.2 157 Blackhaw 4.2 4 10.7 157 Eastern Red Cedar 8.5 2 21.6 158 Chestnut Oak 5.3 3 13.5 157 Basswood 2.8 3 7.1 157 Eastern Red Cedar 3.6 4 9.1 158 Blackgum 2.6 4 6.6 157 Persimmon 4.1 3 10.4 157 Blackhaw 3.2 4 8.1 158 Chestnut Oak 3.8 3 9.7 157 Persimmon 6.1 2 15.5 157 Flowering Dogwood 2.7 4 6.9 158 Sugar Maple 6.9 3 17.5

Crown DBH Crown DBH Plot Species DBH Class (cm) Plot Species DBH Class (cm) 158 Sugar Maple 4.8 3 12.2 160 Shagbark Hickory 9.4 2 23.9 158 White Oak 3.2 4 8.1 160 Eastern Red Cedar 10.0 2 25.4 159 Pignut Hickory 15.9 1 40.4 160 Post Oak 17.6 2 44.7 159 Sugar Maple 10.8 3 27.4 160 Eastern Red Cedar 11.8 3 30.0 159 Chestnut Oak 4.7 3 11.9 160 Sugar Maple 3.5 4 8.9 159 Pignut Hickory 13.4 2 34.0 160 Shagbark Hickory 8.9 2 22.6 159 Chestnut Oak 7.7 3 19.6 160 Eastern Redbud 2.0 4 5.1 159 Eastern Red Cedar 2.2 4 5.6 160 Shagbark Hickory 12.2 1 31.0 159 Chinkapin Oak 7.3 3 18.5 160 Eastern Red Cedar 2.8 4 7.1 159 Sugar Maple 2.1 4 5.3 160 Shagbark Hickory 5.7 1 14.5 159 Sugar Maple 2.6 4 6.6 160 Eastern Red Cedar 2.1 4 5.3 159 Sugar Maple 2.2 4 5.6 160 Eastern Redbud 4.0 3 10.2 159 White Oak 7.3 3 18.5 160 Shagbark Hickory 8.1 2 20.6 159 Sugar Maple 10.8 2 27.4 160 Smoketree 4.3 4 10.9 159 Pignut Hickory 16.6 2 42.2 160 Eastern Red Cedar 4.0 3 10.2 159 Pignut Hickory 12.3 2 31.2 160 Eastern Red Cedar 9.9 3 25.1 159 Black Walnut 11.1 2 28.2 160 Eastern Red Cedar 2.3 4 5.8 159 Sugar Maple 8.1 3 20.6 160 Shagbark Hickory 2.9 3 7.4 98 159 White Oak 10.5 2 26.7 160 Eastern Red Cedar 2.9 4 7.4

159 Slippery Elm 2.9 4 7.4 160 Northern Red Oak 5.0 2 12.7 160 Eastern Red Cedar 10.9 2 27.7 160 Smoketree 2.7 4 6.9 160 Shagbark Hickory 11.9 1 30.2 160 Eastern Red Cedar 2.4 4 6.1 160 Shagbark Hickory 6.6 2 16.8 160 Shagbark Hickory 4.6 2 11.7 160 Eastern Red Cedar 4.0 3 10.2 160 Smoketree 6.4 4 16.3 160 Eastern Red Cedar 8.2 2 20.8 160 Smoketree 5.8 4 14.7 160 Smoketree 10.3 4 26.2 160 Eastern Red Cedar 10.4 2 26.4 160 Sugar Maple 11.5 2 29.2 160 Chinkapin Oak 3.4 4 8.6 160 Eastern Hophornbeam 2.5 4 6.4 160 Shagbark Hickory 2.1 4 5.3

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