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Road Machinery and Traffic Safety МИНИСТЕРСТВО НАУКИ И ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ КАЗАНСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ АРХИТЕКТУРНО-СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ Д.К. Вахитова Т.С. Казымова ROAD MACHINERY AND TRAFFIC SAFETY Учебное пособие Казань 2018 УДК 802.0 (075) ББК Road machinery and traffic safety: Учебное пособие / Д.К. Вахитова, Т.С. Казымова. – Казань: Изд-во Казанск. гос. архитект.-строит. ун-та, 2018. – 169 с. Печатается по решению Редакционно-издательского совета Казанского государственного архитектурно-строительного университета Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов-бакалавров 1 курса дневного отделения направлений подготовки 23.03.01 «Технология транспортных процессов», 23.03.02 «Наземные транспортно-технологические комплексы» по профилям «Организация и безопасность движения», «Подъемно-транспортные, строительные, дорожные машины и оборудование». Основная цель учебного пособия – развитие и совершенствование навыков устной коммуникации и письменной речи в рамках предложенной тематики. Рецензенты Доктор технических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой "Дорожно-строительные машины" КГАСУ Р.М. Сахапов Кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры теории и практики перевода института международных отношений, истории и востоковедения КФУ И.И. Кузнецова УДК 802.0 (075) ББК ©Казанский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет, 2018 ©Вахитова Д.К., Казымова Т.С., 2018 2 MAP OF THE BOOK Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 5 UNIT 1. CONSTRUCTION ..................................................................................................... 7 1A. Construction work ............................................................................................................... 7 1B. Construction methods......................................................................................................... 10 1C. Highway construction ....................................................................................................... 13 UNIT 2. ROAD BUILDING MACHINERY. HISTORY AND TYPES ............................... 16 2A. History of road building machines ..................................................................................... 16 2B. Types of road building machinery ..................................................................................... 20 2C. Tractor ............................................................................................................................... 22 UNIT 3. MACHINERY FOR PRE-CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES ................................ 28 3A. Land ckearing rake, root-puller, ripper ............................................................................... 28 UNIT 4. EARTH-MOVING EQUIPMENT .......................................................................... 32 4A. Bulldozer ........................................................................................................................... 32 4B. Scraper ............................................................................................................................... 36 4C. Excavator ........................................................................................................................... 40 4D. Dragline ............................................................................................................................. 45 4E. Grader ................................................................................................................................ 49 UNIT 5. ROAD WORK MACHINERY ................................................................................ 55 5A. Milling machine ................................................................................................................. 55 5B. Paver .................................................................................................................................. 59 5C. Roller ................................................................................................................................. 63 UNIT 6. CRUSHING EQUIPMENT & MACHINES FOR CONCRETE MIX PRODUCTION AND TRANSPORTATION ........................................................................ 69 6A. Concrete transport truck ..................................................................................................... 69 6B. Crusher .............................................................................................................................. 73 UNIT 7. MACHINERY FOR PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE ........................................... 78 7A. Winter service vehicles ...................................................................................................... 78 3 UNIT 8. LIFTING MACHINERY ......................................................................................... 84 8A. Mobile crane ...................................................................................................................... 84 8B. Fixed crane ........................................................................................................................ 89 8C. Loader ............................................................................................................................... 93 8D. Dump truck ........................................................................................................................ 97 Examination text. Road building machinery ....................................................................... 102 UNIT 9. ROAD SAFETY ..................................................................................................... 107 9A. What is road safety .......................................................................................................... 107 9B. Traffic engineering ........................................................................................................... 111 UNIT 10. ROAD TRAFFIC SAFETY IN BUILT-UP AREAS .......................................... 116 10A. Traffic safety measures in built-up areas ........................................................................ 116 10B. Traffic safety in the city ................................................................................................. 122 10C. Traffic safety for pedestrians and cyclists ....................................................................... 125 UNIT 11. TRAFFIC SIGNS ................................................................................................. 131 UNIT 12. ROAD SURFACE MARKING ............................................................................ 139 UNIT 13. TRAFFIC ORGANIZATION DURING ROADWORKS .................................. 146 13A. Controlling traffic in work zones .................................................................................... 146 13B. Signage changes and guidelines ..................................................................................... 150 Examination text.Traffic safety ........................................................................................... 155 Additional texts ..................................................................................................................... 158 List of sources ....................................................................................................................... 168 4 INTRODUCTION Настоящее учебное пособие предназначено для студентов первого курса автодорожных специальностей, изучающих английский язык. Главными целями учебного пособия являются развитие и совершенствование умений и навыков устной речи в деловой и общепрофессиональной коммуникации, а также формирование профессионально ориентированной лингвистической компетентности студентов. Учебное пособие направлено на развитие разных видов речевой деятельности: чтения, диалогической и монологической речи, навыков письменного и устного перевода. Структура учебного пособия состоит из тринадцати разделов (Units). Деление на разделы осуществляется в соответствии с тематикой. Раздел 1 посвящен проблемам строительства, раздел 2 раскрывает историю и типы дорожно-строительной техники, разделы 3-8 рассказывают об основных машинах, применяемых на строительных площадках. Разделы 9-13 посвящены актуальным проблемам организации безопасности дорожного движения. Каждый раздел включает в себя тексты для ознакомительного, изучающего и просмотрового чтения, которые содержат актуальную информацию из аутентичных источников. Тексты сопровождаются также значительным количеством иллюстраций, что привлекает внимание студентов и облегчает понимание представленного им материала. Профессионально ориентированная терминология, представленная перед каждым текстом, закрепляется и активизируется в послетекстовых упражнениях. Каждый раздел включает в себя лексические упражнения, направленные на расширение словарного запаса по специальности. Профессиональная лексика изучается и запоминается также с помощью использования визуального компонента – цветных иллюстраций (рисунков, схем, фотографий). В учебном пособии предусмотрены задания для индивидуальной, парной и групповой работы, в которых студенты создают и участвуют в коммуникативных ситуациях профессиональной направленности, что способствует преодолению языкового барьера при реальном общении с носителями языка. Таким образом, каждый текст сопровождается упражнениями, имеющими коммуникативную направленность и позволяющими активизировать приобретенные навыки в речи. 5 Представленные задания помогут студентам научиться вести
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