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FORENSE, Chrysomya Megacephala (F.) E Chrysomya Putoria (W.) (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE), SOB INFLUÊNCIA DE DIFERENTES TEMPERATURAS E / OU CLORIDRATO DE FLUOXETINA

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FORENSE, Chrysomya Megacephala (F.) E Chrysomya Putoria (W.) (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE), SOB INFLUÊNCIA DE DIFERENTES TEMPERATURAS E / OU CLORIDRATO DE FLUOXETINA MARCELA AQUIYAMA ALONSO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE IMATUROS DE ESPÉCIES DE IMPORTÂNCIA FORENSE, Chrysomya megacephala (F.) E Chrysomya putoria (W.) (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE), SOB INFLUÊNCIA DE DIFERENTES TEMPERATURAS E / OU CLORIDRATO DE FLUOXETINA CAMPINAS 2015 ii iii iv v vi RESUMO Os insetos constituem o grupo mais diversificado e abundante do Reino Animal, com ampla diversidade morfológica, fisiológica e de hábitos alimentares e por isso podem ser encontrados em vários habitats e ecossistemas. Insetos necrófagos podem ser vestígios e fontes de informações de interesse forense, como para a estimativa do intervalo pós-morte (IPM), baseada, por exemplo, na idade dos imaturos que se criam em corpos em decomposição. O desenvolvimento desses insetos pode ser afetado pela variação de temperatura e presença de substâncias tóxicas nos tecidos de um cadáver, entre outros fatores. Chrysomya megacephala (F.) e Chrysomya putoria (W.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), introduzidas no Brasil, são consideradas de importância forense, médico e veterinária, devido aos seus comportamentos sinantrópicos e necrófagos. No presente estudo foi avaliado o tempo de desenvolvimento de imaturos na fase embrionária e pós-embrionária de C. megacephala e C. putoria sob diferentes temperaturas e / ou presença de cloridrato de fluoxetina, um antidepressivo, em fígado de coelho, o substrato alimentar. A relação entre temperatura e desenvolvimento, na fase embrionária, foi similar entre ambas as espécies. O tempo de desenvolvimento dos ovos para C. megacephala variou aproximadamente de 64-7h a 13 e 35 °C, respectivamente, e para C. putoria de 69-8h a 13 e 35 °C, respectivamente. Houve eclosão de larvas a 13 °C, mas as mesmas não completaram o desenvolvimento. A temperatura e o cloreto de fluoxetina afetaram o desenvolvimento dos imaturos, na fase na pós-embrionária. Para ambas as espécies, as larvas do grupo controle completaram seu desenvolvimento 24h mais rápido que o grupo com fluoxetina a 17 °C, mas apresentaram o desenvolvimento 12h mais lento a 35 °C. Estudos considerando tempo real de desenvolvimento dos ovos e avaliando como a combinação de duas ou mais variáveis podem influenciar o desenvolvimento de insetos de interesse forense são de grande valia para aumentar a acurácia da estimativa do IPM. Palavras-chave: Entomologia forense, Entomotoxicologia, Intervalos pós-morte, Insetos necrófagos vii viii ABSTRACT Insects are the most diverse and abundant group of the Animal Kingdom, with great diversity of morphological, physiological and feeding habits and are found in nearly all habitats and ecosystems. Scavengers species can provide important information of forensic interest, as the post- mortem interval (PMI) estimate, based on, e.g., the age of the larvae reared in decomposing bodies. The development of these insects can be affected by temperature oscillation and presence of toxic substances, among other factors, on the rearing media. Chrysomya megacephala (F.) and Chrysomya putoria (W.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), introduced in Brazil, are considered of forensic, medical and veterinary importance, due to their necrophagous and synanthropic behaviour. This study evaluated the developmental time of C. megacephala and C. putoria under different temperatures and / or with fluoxetine hydrochloride, an antidepressant drug, in rabbit liver, the rearing substrate. The relationship between temperature and development, on the embryonic phase, was similar for both species. Egg developmental time for C. megacephala was approximately of 64-7h at 13 and 35 °C, respectively, and for C. putoria was 69-8h at 13 and 35 °C, respectively. The larval hatching occurred at 13 °C, but, at this temperature, the larval development was not completed. Both temperature and fluoxetine hydrochloride, when present, affected the development of the larvae. For both species, the larvae of control group completed their development 24h faster than the fluoxetine hydrochloride group at 17 °C, but the development was 12h slower at 35 °C. Studies considering real egg developmental time and evaluating, simultaneously, the insects’ response for two or more variables that might influence their development are of great value to increase the accuracy of PMI estimate. Key-words: Forensic entomology, Entomotoxicology, Post-mortem interval, Necrophagous insects ix x SUMÁRIO AGRADECIMENTOS .................................................................................................................................. XIII LISTA DE FIGURAS ..................................................................................................................................... XV LISTA DE TABELAS .................................................................................................................................. XVII 1. INTRODUÇÃO ........................................................................................................................................ 1 2. REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA ................................................................................................................... 2 2.1. CALLIPHORIDAE ........................................................................................................................... 2 2.2. ENTOMOLOGIA FORENSE ............................................................................................................. 2 2.3. INTERVALO PÓS-MORTE E GRAU-HORA ACUMULADO ............................................................. 4 2.4. ENTOMOTOXICOLOGIA ................................................................................................................ 6 2.5. CLORIDRATO DE FLUOXETINA .................................................................................................... 6 3. OBJETIVOS............................................................................................................................................ 8 4. CAPÍTULO I – EGG DEVELOPMENTAL TIME AND SURVIVAL OF Chrysomya megacephala (F.) AND Chrysomya putoria (W.) (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) UNDER DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES ................. 9 4.1. ABSTRACT .................................................................................... Erro! Indicador não definido. 4.2. RESUMO ........................................................................................ Erro! Indicador não definido. 4.3. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 11 4.4. MATERIALS AND METHODS ....................................................................................................... 12 4.5. RESULTS ...................................................................................................................................... 14 4.6. DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................................. 14 4.7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................... 16 4.8. REFERENCES CITED .................................................................................................................... 17 5. CAPÍTULO II – EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES AND PRESENCE OF FLUOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF FORENSIC IMPORTANCE SPECIES Chrysomya megacephala (F.) AND Chrysomya putoria (W.) (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) ...................................... 26 5.1. ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... 26 5.2. RESUMO ....................................................................................................................................... 27 5.3. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 28 5.4. MATERIALS AND METHODS ........................................................................................................ 29 5.5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .......................................................................................................... 31 xi 5.6. CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................. 43 5.7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................... 43 5.8. REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 43 6. CONCLUSÕES GERAIS ........................................................................................................................ 46 7. REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ....................................................................................................... 47 8. ANEXO ................................................................................................................................................ 55 xii AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço aos meus pais Maria Lúcia e Paulo pelo carinho, pela compreensão e por apoiarem todas as escolhas que fiz. Aos meus irmãos Bruna e André por sempre me acolherem em São Paulo com as refeições mais gostosas e divertidas. E à minha família pelo apoio em todos os aspectos possíveis. Agradeço aos amigos de Rio Preto pelos momentos inesquecíveis, divertidos e tantos outros carnavais, essenciais para manter a energia necessária nessa jornada. Em especial àqueles que além de legais
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