TOWN OF BEDFORD NEW HAMPSHIRE

Town of Bedford, New Hampshire, Town Office Building

HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN UPDATE 2015

TOWN OF BEDFORD NEW HAMPSHIRE

HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Update 2015

Prepared by the Southern New Hampshire Planning Commission 438 Dubuque Street Manchester, NH 03102

The preparation of this document has been financed in part by a grant from the State of New Hampshire Department of Safety, Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Management.

Acknowledgements

The Bedford Town Council would like to thank the following people for contributing their time and effort to complete the Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan – Update 2015:

Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Committee Members Rick Sawyer, Planning Director, Bedford Planning and Zoning Department Karin Elmer, Planner 1, Bedford Planning and Zoning Department Dawna Duhamel, Chief Financial Officer, Bedford School District Scott Wiggin, Chief, Bedford Fire Department Michael Bernard, Patrol Lieutenant, Bedford Police Department Steve Crean, Environmental Coordinator, Bedford Dept. of Public Works Emile Lacerte, Asst. Highway Superintendent, Bedford Dept. of Public Works Michael McLaughlin, Engineer, Bedford Dept. of Public Works Thanks also to: • The New Hampshire Department of Safety, Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Management (NH HSEM), which developed the New Hampshire Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan, and • The Local Mitigation Planning Handbook prepared by FEMA, March 2013.

Both publications served as models for this plan.

Preface

Hazard mitigation planning is a new field, spearheaded by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) during the 1990s after Hurricane Andrew caused more than $20 billion dollars in damage across several southern states. That event resulted in 54 fatalities and the disruption of millions of lives. Since that time many more natural disasters have caused great losses in the United States, including Hurricane Katrina and most recently, Hurricane Sandy. The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, developed by FEMA, was intended to help both local governments and states prepare for, and deal with, such disasters. While New England normally does not have hurricanes of Andrew’s magnitude, this area does experience many types of natural disasters that cost both lives and money.

These disasters and other natural hazards occur during all four seasons in the Northeast: winter ice, snow, and nor’easters; spring flooding; summer downbursts and thunderstorms; and fall hurricanes. Planning to make a community disaster-resistant before these events occur can help save lives as well as homes and infrastructure. FEMA has several programs designed to strengthen the nation’s disaster resistance by reducing risks, changing conditions and behaviors before a disaster to protect lives and prevent the loss of property.

FEMA has several programs designed to strengthen the nation’s disaster resistance by reducing risks, changing conditions and behaviors before a disaster to protect lives and prevent the loss of property.

FEMA has also recently updated the existing Flood Insurance Rate Maps, as many communities had outdated maps that did not reflect the true extent of flooding potential.

A community’s eligibility for hazard mitigation funding depends upon having adopted a FEMA approved hazard mitigation plan and updating it at least every five years. Mitigation measures contained within the Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 may be sufficient to receive grant funding.

It is hoped that this document will be a productive first step toward analyzing hazards in Bedford, forecasting where potential disasters might occur, and reducing their impact on people and the community.

Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ………………………..……………………………………..I PREFACE……………………………………………………………..……………….II EXECUTIVE SUMMARY…………………………………………………..…………...V SECTION I – INTRODUCTION…………………………………………..……………..1 Natural Hazards and Their Consequences…………………………..…….…..1 What is Hazard Mitigation?...... 2 Why Develop a Hazard Mitigation Plan?...... 2 Benefits of Hazard Mitigation…………………………………………..………2 Background: Bedford Hazard Mitigation Planning…………………..………3 Purpose……………………………………………………….……………..4 Authority……………………………………………………………………4 Scope of the Plan…………………………………………………………...4 Plan Update Methodology………………………………………………..4 Town of Bedford 2013-2014 Hazard Mitigation Committee Members………………………………………………………….…………5 Public Outreach Process and Public Committee Meetings…………….5 Coordination with Other Agencies and Individuals……………………5 Existing Bedford Emergency Operations Plan………………………….6 State of New Hampshire Legislation Related to Master Plans………..6 Capital Improvements Plan………………………………………………6 Town of Bedford Water Resources Plan…………………………………7 Plan Development Steps…………………………………………………..8 Town of Bedford, New Hampshire……………………………………………..10 Hazard Mitigation Goals and Objectives………………………………………10

SECTION II – HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT….…11

Location, Topography Population, and Weather Conditions………….…...11 Principal Streams and Brooks…………………………………………...12 Floodplains, Flood Problems and Flood Protection Measures…...….12 Disaster Risk………………………………………………………...………….14 Vulnerability Assessment……………………………………………………..14 Current Land Development Trends in Bedford…………………………….18 National Flood Insurance Program…………………………………………..19 Natural Hazards…………………………………………………………..……22

A. Flooding………………………………………………………………22 B. Wind…………………………………………………………………..31 C. Wildfire……………………………………………………………….37 D. Ice and Snow Events…………………………………………...……39 E. Earthquakes…………………………………………………………..43 F. Other Hazards………………………………………………………..46 Critical Facilities……………………………………………………………….50 Areas at Risk……………………………………………………………………53

SECTION III – EXISTING MITIGATION STRATEGIES AND PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS………………………………………………………………….60 Existing Protection Matrix………………………………………………62 Summary of Recommended Improvements………………………….68

SECTION IV – NEWLY IDENTIFIED MITIGATION STRATEGIES AND CRITICAL EVALUATION…………………………………………………………………….76

SECTION V – PRIORITIZED IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE AND FUNDING SOURCES………………………………………………………………………….81 Cost of Implementation…………………………………………………84

SECTION VI – ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES REGARDING ADOPTION, EVALUATION AND MONITORING OF THE PLAN………………………………...86

APPENDIX A – COMMERCIAL ECONOMIC IMPACT AREAS IN THE TOWN OF BEDFORD

APPENDIX B – HAZARDOUS MATERIAL FACILITIES IN THE TOWN OF BEDFORD

APPENDIX C – NEW HAMPSHIRE DAM CLASSIFICATION SCHEDULE

APPENDIX D – DEFINITIONS

APPENDIX E – RESOURCES, BIBLIOGRAPHY, WEBSITES

APPENDIX F – TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR HAZARD MITIGATION

APPENDIX G – STAPLEE CRITERIA

APPENDIX H – BHMPC MEETING AGENDAS, MINUTES, AND ATTENDANCE SHEETS

APPENDIX I – DOCUMENTATION OF PLAN ADOPTIONS

APPENDIX J – PAST PRIORITIZED IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES AND FUNDING SOURCES

APPENDIX K – TOWN OF BEDFORD WATER RESOURCES PLAN

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 has been developed to help Bedford become a disaster-resistant community by taking measures to reduce future losses from natural or man-made hazardous events before they occur. The plan was developed by the Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Committee (BHMPC), made up of community members and Town officials.

Natural hazards are addressed as follows: A. Flooding B. Wind C. Wildfire D. Ice and Snow Events E. Earthquakes F. Other Hazards

The Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Committee also identified critical facilities and areas at risk.

Critical Facilities: Areas at Risk: • Town Offices • Public Water/Sewer Systems • Safety Complex (Fire and • Dams Police) • Electrical Power Substations • Emergency Operations Center • Highways/Roadways • Emergency Fuel Facilities • Problem Culverts • Back-up Electrical Generators • Schools • Post Office • Day Care Centers • Public Works Garage • Churches • Emergency Shelters • Alzheimer’s Facilities • Evacuation Routes • Elder Care Facilities • Bridges • Recreation Areas • Hospitals/Ambulance • Historic or Unique Resources • Wireless Communication • Solid Waste/Municipal Facilities Recycling/Transfer Station • Radio Towers • Commercial Economic Impact Areas • Hazardous Materials Facilities

Existing Hazard Mitigation Strategies The Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Committee identified existing strategies related to hazard mitigation as follows: • Floodplain Development District (Zoning) • Elevation Certificates • Wetlands Regulations • Emergency Operations Plan • Evacuation and Notification • State Dam Program • Road Design Standards (state and local) • Shoreland Protection Act • Best Management Practices • Back-Up Electrical Generators • Town Radio System • Hazardous Materials Regulations (state and local) • International Building Code and Local Building Code • Wellhead Protection Program • Comprehensive Emergency Management Planning for Schools (CEMPS) • Steep Slopes and Class VI Roads (Land Development Control Regulations) • Hazmat Response • Excavation Regulations (Land Development Control Regulations) • Amoskeag Development Emergency Action Plan

New Mitigation Programs and Policies The Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Committee identified the following new or ongoing hazard mitigation strategies: • Enhanced community notification program. • Continue to encourage proper identification with house numbering for emergency services. • Continue to participate in the Southern New Hampshire Regional Community Preparedness Program (SNHRCPP). • Seek generators for strategic traffic light intersections. Develop a list of priority intersections and map intersections already equipped with generators. • Acquire list of floodplain property owners. Encourage property owners to subscribe to Nixle emergency notifications. • Develop a river stewardship program in coordination with other local communities in the Merrimack River Watershed area. • Develop storm water drainage maps for GIS applications.

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• Coordinate regionally with DOT and surrounding communities to develop a transportation hazard identification system for major routes (NH Routes 101 and Interstate 293) for future hazardous spill events/anticipate hazard contamination characteristics and area. • Develop a website for floodplain information, both general and town based info • Purchase and / or pursue conservation and/or protection of flood-prone properties / development rights in the Special Flood Hazard Areas and NFIP repetitive loss properties where possible. • Map, with GIS, inundation area resulting from dam breach or dam failure from any upstream facilities to show the effects on Bedford.

This plan is scheduled to be reviewed and updated on an annual basis by the Bedford Co-Emergency Management Director in coordination with the Bedford Town Council. The next review will be during 2016.

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SECTION I - INTRODUCTION

“Plans are worthless. Planning is essential.” —Dwight D. Eisenhower

Natural Hazards and Their Consequences Recently, the United States has suffered a record number of natural disasters. In 2012, Hurricane Sandy caused almost 120 deaths and an estimated $75 billion in damage. Hurricane Katrina in 2005 was the costliest storm on record, causing over 1,800 deaths and over $100 billion in damage. In 1992, Hurricane Andrew caused an estimated $25 billion in damage. The 1993 Midwest floods resulted in some $12-$16 billion in damage. The 1994 Northridge earthquake caused $20 billion in damage, and the 2002 summer flooding in central Texas topped $1 billion in damage. Much of this damage might have been averted with the implementation of foresighted hazard mitigation efforts. In New England, more than 150 natural disasters during the past half century have been sufficiently catastrophic to be declared “disaster areas” by the President, making them eligible for federal disaster relief. That is about three major disasters per year. More than 60 percent were the result of flooding.

Flooding, Bedford, NH 2008 Ice Storm, Bedford, NH

Floods, tornadoes, winter storms, hurricanes, earthquakes, and wildfires natural disasters are part of the environment. Their occurrence is inevitable. These events can wreak havoc on the natural environment by uprooting trees, eroding riverbanks and shorelines, carving new inlets, and blackening forests. In spite of this, the natural environment is amazingly resilient, often recuperating in a matter of days or weeks.

When these events strike the man-made environment, the result is often more devastating. Disasters occur when a natural hazard crosses paths with elements of the man-made environment, including buildings, roads, pipelines, or crops. When hurricanes tear roofs off houses, it is a disaster. When tornadoes ravage a town, it is a disaster. In addition, when floods invade low-lying homes, it is a disaster. If only undeveloped wetlands and floodplains were flooded, rather than

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homes and businesses, we would hardly take notice. The natural environment takes care of itself. The fabricated environment, in contrast, often needs some emergency assistance.

What Is Hazard Mitigation? Hazard mitigation is any sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate the long‐term risk to human life and property from hazards (44 CFR 201.2). Hazard mitigation activities may be implemented prior to, during, or after an event. However, it has been demonstrated that hazard mitigation is most effective when based on an inclusive, comprehensive, long‐term plan that is developed before a disaster occurs.”1 It includes both structural interventions, such as flood control devices, and nonstructural measures, such as avoiding construction in the most flood-prone areas. Mitigation includes not only avoiding the development of vulnerable sections of the community, but also making existing development in hazard-prone areas safer. For example, a community could identify areas that are susceptible to damage from natural disasters and take steps to make these areas less vulnerable. It could also steer growth to less risky areas. Keeping buildings and people out of harm’s way is the essence of mitigation.

Mitigation should not be seen as an impediment to growth and development. On the contrary, incorporating mitigation into development decisions will result in a safer, more resilient community, one that is more attractive to new families and businesses.

Why Develop a Hazard Mitigation Plan? The full cost of the damage resulting from natural hazards—personal suffering, loss of lives, disruption of the economy, and loss of tax base—is difficult to measure. New Hampshire is subject to many types of natural disasters: floods, hurricanes, nor’easters, winter storms, earthquakes, tornadoes, and wildfires, all of which can have significant economic and social impacts. Some, such as hurricanes, are seasonal and often strike in predictable locations. Others, such as floods, can occur any time of the year and almost anywhere in the state.

Benefits of Hazard Mitigation

Hazard mitigation offers many benefits for a community. It can: • Save lives and property. A community can save lives and reduce property damage from natural hazards through identifying risks and taking action, such as elevating structures in the floodplain.

1 FEMA Local Mitigation Plan Review Guide. October 1, 2011. Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 2

• Reduce vulnerability to future hazards. By having a mitigation plan in place, a community is prepared to take steps that will permanently reduce the risk of future losses. This opportunity is often lost when we build our communities without regard to natural hazards, or when we rebuild them after a disaster “just like they were before.” While it is natural to want to return things to the way they were, it is important to remember that, in many cases, the disaster would not have been as severe if a mitigation plan had been implemented. • Facilitate post-disaster funding. By identifying and ranking recovery projects before the next disaster, a community will be in a better position to obtain post-disaster funding because much of the background work necessary for applying for federal funding will already be completed. • Speed recovery. By developing a mitigation strategy, a community can identify post-disaster mitigation opportunities in advance of a disaster and be ready to respond quickly after a disaster.

Background: Bedford Hazard Mitigation Planning While FEMA requires a jurisdiction to have a local mitigation plan as a condition of receiving federal assistance, FEMA does not have a mandate for all local governments in NH to establish hazard mitigation plans. With funding from FEMA, the NH Department of Safety, Division of Homeland Security Emergency Management (HSEM) provided funding to the Southern New Hampshire Planning Commission to develop a local hazard mitigation plan for the Town of Bedford. In order to satisfy the planning requirements of the Disaster Mitigation Act (DMA) of 2000, the Plan was developed in 2002-2003, and has been updated and resubmitted to FEMA for approval every five years to reflect the most recent information for hazard mitigation in the Town.

Plan Adopted FEMA Approval Date Town of Bedford Hazard April 14, 2004 May 26, 2004 Mitigation Plan (Original) Town of Bedford Hazard April 22, 2009 October 1, 2009 Mitigation Plan Update 2009 Town of Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update (Date) (Date) 2015

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Purpose The Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 serves as a strategic planning tool for use by the Town of Bedford in its efforts to reduce future losses from natural or man-made hazardous events before they occur. In addition, this plan may constitute a new Chapter of the Bedford Master Plan, as articulated in NH RSA 674:2, III e). The Bedford Planning Board will consider this option.

Authority This Hazard Mitigation Plan was prepared in accordance with the Town of Bedford’s Emergency Operations Plan, effective May 2010, under the authority of the Planning Mandate of Section 409 of Public Law 93-288 as amended by Public Law 100-707, the Robert T. Stafford Act of 1988, and the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000. The Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 will be referred to as the "Plan." After a public hearing was held at the Bedford Town Meeting Room (BCTV) on TBD the Bedford Town Council formally adopted this Plan on TBD . Documentation of the adoption of this Plan is provided in Appendix J.

Scope of the Plan The scope of the Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 includes the identification of natural hazards affecting the Town, as identified by the Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Committee. The committee reviewed hazards in the following categories as outlined in the State of New Hampshire Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2013:

A. Flooding (including hurricanes, 100-year floodplain events, debris- impacted infrastructure, erosion, mudslides, rapid snow pack melt, river ice jams, and dam breach or failure) B. Wind (including hurricanes, tornadoes, nor’easters, downbursts, and lightning) C. Fire (including grass fires, wild fires and issues such as isolated homes and residential areas) D. Ice and snow events (including heavy snowstorms, ice storms, nor’easters, and hailstorms) E. Earthquakes (including landslides and other geologic hazards related to seismic activity) F. Other events, such as radon, drought, and extreme heat.

Plan Update Methodology In July 2013, the Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Committee was formed to begin updating the plan. The Update Committee used the nine-step planning process included in the Local Mitigation Planning Handbook, prepared by FEMA, March 2013. Each section of the plan was reviewed and updated according to

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new information and the events of the past five years. The Update Committee consisted of representatives from various local agencies, including the Bedford Planning Director, Fire Chief, Police Department, Public Works Department, and Bedford School District. The Committee held a total of five public meetings beginning in July 2013 and ending in December 2013 to collect information, compile the plan update, and review the plan update.

Town of Bedford 2013-2014 Hazard Mitigation Committee Members Rick Sawyer, Planning Director, Bedford Planning and Zoning Department Karin Elmer, Planner 1, Bedford Planning and Zoning Department Dawna Duhamel, Chief Financial Officer, Bedford School District Scott Wiggin, Chief, Bedford Fire Department Michael Bernard, Patrol Lieutenant, Bedford Police Department Steve Crean, Environmental Coordinator, Bedford Dept. of Public Works Emile Lacerte, Asst. Highway Superintendent, Bedford Dept. of Public Works Michael McLaughlin, Engineer, Bedford Dept. of Public Works

Public Outreach Process and Public Committee Meetings On the following dates, the Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Committee held public meetings at the Bedford Town Offices: July 25, 2013, August 22, 2013, September 26, 2013, October 24, 2013, and December 12, 2013. All of the Committee’s meetings were posted in two public places as required by New Hampshire state law, including the Town website, Town Offices, the Town Library, and Bedford Community Television (BCTV). Although the public was noticed about the committee meetings, there was no public attendance or input received. Southern New Hampshire Planning Commission (SNHPC) staff facilitated each meeting and prepared an agenda, attendance sheet and minutes, which were then distributed to the committee and made available for public review on the town website and upon request. A complete draft plan was posted to the Town website and hardcopies made available at the Town library and Town Offices. Public input for the draft plan was solicited via public notices at the Town Hall and Town library, on the Town website and local access television station (BCTV) and a notice in the Bedford Journal (See Appendix I).

Coordination with Other Agencies and Individuals Committee Chair, Rick Sawyer, contacted the following individuals and agencies via email for their input and comment on the plan:

• John Bryfonski, Chief of Police, Town of Bedford • Jessie Levine, Town Manager, Town of Bedford • Paul Belanger, Superintendent/ Assistant Director of Public Works • Scott Wiggin, Fire Chief, Town of Bedford • Steve Crean, Environmental Coordinator Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 5

• Dawna Duhamel, Chief Financial Officer, Bedford SAU#25 • Chief Patrick Sullivan, former Police Dept., Town of Goffstown, NH • Chief James Burkush, Fire Dept., City of Manchester, NH • Chief Dan Macdonald, Fire Dept., Town of New Boston, NH • Chief Mark Boynton, Fire Dept., Town of Amherst, NH • Chief Michael Currier, Fire Dept., Town of Merrimack, NH

In response, one comment was received that the plan was “well thought out and extremely comprehensive.”

Incorporation of Existing Planning Documents, Studies, Reports and Technical Information

Existing Bedford Emergency Operations Plan The Town of Bedford last updated the Bedford Emergency Operations Plan in May 2010. This plan describes the preparedness activities to improve the Town’s ability to respond to an incident; the response activities, including rescue operations, evacuation, emergency medical care, and emergency personnel training; and recovery activities that begin after the disaster. Mitigation activities help to reduce or eliminate the damages from future disaster events, and can occur before, during and after a disaster. The Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 has been developed in accordance with the Town of Bedford’s Emergency Operations Plan, effective May 2010.

State of New Hampshire Legislation Related to Master Plans During 2002, the State of New Hampshire adopted new legislation related to master plans and included a natural hazards section to be considered during the master planning process and incorporated into the master plan. This statute was most recently updated in September 2013. NH RSA 647:2 states: “A natural hazards section which documents the physical characteristics, severity, frequency, and extent of any potential natural hazards to the community. It should identify those elements of the built environment at risk from natural hazards as well as extent of current and future vulnerability that may result from current zoning and development policies” The Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 is an updated chapter of the current Bedford Master Plan.

Capital Improvements Program The Capital Improvements Program (CIP) serves as the Town’s long range planning document for the purchase or construction of capital assets. It reflects the individual projects, how they would be financed according to adopted Town Council policy and the impact of the projects on the Property Tax rate and the Sewer rates. The Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 will be reviewed

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and referenced within the CIP document, as appropriate, for any hazard mitigation projects approved under the CIP.

Town of Bedford Water Resources Plan The Town of Bedford’s Water Resource Plan, dated June 30, 2008, shall serve as an annex to the Town of Bedford’s Hazard Mitigation Plan. The Water Resource Plan was developed to complement and enhance the Town’s Hazard Mitigation Plan by “identifying, evaluating, and mapping water resource sites available to local and mutual aid fire personnel for firefighting purposes.”2 The Water Resource Plan describes a detailed plan for mitigation actions pertaining to water resources and fire hazards and is incorporated into the Hazard Mitigation Plan for further information.

2 Town of Bedford Water Resource Plan. June 30, 2008. Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 7

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o d Dr i i H D erv ille R n v Som o a H o d e r e k l n w l y r t c o L r R o L n C e c n d r ib Data Sources: k d D L D R n d l R r l ok o ro Sentr Monadnock t B y Rd Granit Digital Data (1:24,000) e e f uad w cq evine mlock a M B Grap Rd Ln He o r wy ai t d k l D P e G eld y Dr S M enfi 's NH Department of Transportation R u cQ Gre G d u Sum A a mit r als R b d tead R d e n Be e Homes e m B n l r o i o t n o alk b W Individual Community Parcel Data f k Hill ottage C f n C Sw e G ree i nson R 's e d Co Adam l ttage Walk C ir P t r Rd r C o cto L r n Rd Powers Cir The town of Bedford and the SNHPC make no representations or guaranties to the µ Merrimack accuracy of the features and designations of this map.

Map produced by SNHPC August 2013.

This map is designed as part of the Towns Hazard Mitigation Plan and is for planning purposes only. It is not to be used for legal boundary determinations or for regulatory purposes.

Plan Development Steps To complete this Plan, the Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Committee followed ten planning steps.

Step 1: Map the Hazards Committee members identified areas where damage from natural disasters had previously occurred, areas of potential damage, and man-made facilities and other features that were at risk for loss of life, property damage, and other risk factors. Base maps provided by SNHPC were used in the process. Summary maps illustrate past hazards as identified by the Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Committee. In addition, a summary listing of “Areas at Risk” is presented at the end of Section II.

Step 2: Determine Potential Damage Committee members identified facilities that were considered to be of value to the Town for emergency management purposes; for provision of utilities and services; and for historic, cultural and social value. GIS-generated maps were prepared to show these critical facilities. In addition, a summary listing of “Critical Facilities” is presented at the end of Section II.

Step 3: Identify Plans and Policies Already in Place Using information and activities outlined in the Local Mitigation Planning Handbook, March, 2013, the Committee and SNHPC staff identified existing mitigation strategies related to flood, wind, fire, ice and snow events, and earthquakes that are already being implemented by the Town. A summary chart is presented in Section III.

Step 4: Identify the Gaps in Protection and Mitigation Existing strategies were reviewed for coverage, effectiveness and implemen- tation, as well as need for improvement. Some strategies are contained in the Emergency Operations Plan and were reviewed as part of this step. A summary chart and the results of these activities are presented in Section III.

Step 5: Determine Actions to be Taken During an open brainstorming session, the Committee developed a list of other possible actions and strategies to improve Bedford’s response to hazardous events. New mitigation strategies to improve Bedford’s response to hazardous events were developed and later analyzed for effectiveness. These new strategies are shown in Section IV.

Step 6: Evaluate Feasible Options The Committee reviewed each of the hazard mitigation actions and strategies that were identified in the brainstorming session using the evaluation charts from Step 6 of the handbook. A total of 14 evaluation factors (e.g., damage reduction, environmental impact, social acceptability, financial feasibility, including the STAPLEE criteria) were used to evaluate feasible actions. Each

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mitigation action was then scored from (1) for Poor; (2) for Average; and (3) for Good and all scores were totaled for each strategy. The results of this analysis are shown in Section IV. A description of the STAPLEE criteria is found in Appendix G of the Plan. STAPLEE stands for: Social, Technical, Administrative, Political, Legal, Economic, and Environmental.

Step 7: Coordinate with Other Agencies/Entities Rick Sawyer, Planning Director with the Bedford Planning Department contacted agencies with expertise in hazardous mitigation, as well as other agencies and individuals that should be involved during this planning process. A listing of these agencies and individuals can be found on page 5.

Step 8: Determine Priorities The Committee reviewed the preliminary prioritization list in order to make changes and determine a final prioritization for hazard mitigation actions. Recommendations were prepared for the Committee to review and prioritize. The priorities can be found at the end of Section V.

Step 9: Develop Implementation Strategy Using the chart provided under Step 9 in the handbook, the Committee created an implementation strategy that includes person(s) responsible for implementation (who), a schedule for completion (when), and a funding source or technical assistance source (how) for each identified hazard mitigation action. The implementation strategy can be found in Section V.

Step 10: Adopt and Monitor the Plan SNHPC staff compiled the results of Steps 1 to 9 in a draft document, as well as helpful and informative materials from the State of New Hampshire Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan, which served as the model for the Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015. The Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Committee reviewed, revised and approved a draft of the updated Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015. The final draft was sent to NH HSEM and FEMA for conditional approval. After the plan receives conditional approval from FEMA, the final plan will be submitted to the Bedford Town Council for its approval and adoption. The plan shall be reviewed on an annual basis to be certain the goals and objectives are being met, and that the policies are being adopted. Section VI of the Plan details the adoption and monitoring requirements.

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TOWN OF BEDFORD, NEW HAMPSHIRE HAZARD MITIGATION GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

In consultation with the 2013 State of New Hampshire Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan, the Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Committee developed the following goals and objectives for the Town of Bedford, New Hampshire.

1. To improve upon the protection of the general population, citizens and guests of the State of New Hampshire, from all natural and Human-caused hazards.

2. To reduce the potential impact of natural and Human-caused disasters on State and Municipal Critical Support Services, Critical Facilities and Infrastructure.

3. To improve the State’s Emergency Preparedness, Disaster Response and Recovery Capability in all New Hampshire communities.

4. To reduce the potential impact of natural and Human-caused disasters on the State and Local Economy, Environment, Historical & Cultural Treasures and Private Property.

5. To identify, introduce and implement cost effective Hazard Mitigation measures in order to accomplish the State’s Goals.

6. To reduce the State and Municipal liability with respect to natural and Human-caused hazards generally.

7. To address the challenges posed by climate change as they pertain to increasing risks in the State and Local infrastructure and natural environment.

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SECTION II - HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT

Location, Topography, Population, and Weather Conditions The Town of Bedford is located in the south-central portion of the State of New Hampshire in Hillsborough County. Bedford is bordered by the Town of Goffstown to the north, the City of Manchester and the Town of Londonderry to the east, the Town of Merrimack to the south, and the towns of Amherst and New Boston to the west.

Bedford encompasses a total of approximately 32.8 square miles. It is located two miles southwest of the City of Manchester and about 15 miles north of the City of Nashua. In 2010 the population of the Town was 21,203, representing a growth rate of almost 70 percent during the previous 20 years.

Primary highway access is provided in part by U.S. 293, along with N.H. Routes 114, 101 and 3, the F.E. Everett Turnpike.

Location Map of Bedford, New Hampshire

Although Bedford is primarily a residential community, it has experienced significant commercial and industrial development. Since this type of development is expected to continue, Bedford can expect additional residential development as well.

The Bedford area is located in a gently sloping low plateau that is characterized by stratified and unstratified material, consisting of silt, sand and gravel deposited by the meltwaters of a retreating glacial ice sheet. Along the streams, Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 11

alluvial silt covers the glacial outwash deposits to form the floodplains. The soil texture in most places is a well-drained, moderately acid fine sandy-loam or loam. Elevations range from approximately 110 feet at the Merrimack River to 840 feet at Holbrook Hill, the highest point in Town.

The climate of Bedford is typical of the Merrimack Valley, with warm summers and cool winters. Average temperatures in July range from a high of 85 degrees to a low of 59. Average temperatures in January range from a high of 35 degrees to a low of -17 degrees Fahrenheit. Prolonged periods of severe cold are rare. Average annual precipitation is 40 inches.3

Principal Streams and Brooks The principal watercourse in the Town of Bedford is the Merrimack River, which originates at the confluence of the Pemigewasset and Winnipesaukee rivers in Franklin, New Hampshire. Bowman Brook, Patten Brook and Pointer Club Brook are tributaries of the Merrimack River. Baboosic Brook originates in the Town of Amherst, flows through the southwest corner of Bedford, and continues in a southeasterly direction. Pulpit Brook, McQuade Brook and Riddle Brook are tributaries of Baboosic Brook.

Floodplains, Flood Problems and Flood Protection Measures The Hillsborough River floodplain ranges in width from 500 to 870 feet throughout the study area. This floodplain consists primarily of agricultural areas, with residential and commercial development. The floodplains of Baboosic Brook, Pointer Club Brook, Patten Brook, Bowman Brook, Riddle Brook, McQuade Brook, and Pulpit Brook range in width from 30 to 1,750 feet.

Major floods have occurred on the Merrimack River during the spring, fall and winter seasons. Some of the most severe flooding occurs in early spring because of snowmelt and heavy rains in conjunction with ice jams. Autumn is another critical season for flood danger because of heavy rainfall associated with storms of tropical origin. Minor flooding incidents in Bedford can occur at any time of the year, though, as heavy thunderstorms during the summer months can result in rapid runoff and flooding in the lower portions of the small streams.

Above the area there are six dams designed for flood control: the Franklin Falls Dam on the Pemigewassett River; the Edward McDowell Dam on Nubanusit Brook; the Blackwater Dam on the Blackwater River (flood control only); and two dams that control Hopkinton Lake, the Everett Dam on the Piscataquog River and Hopkinton Dam on the Contoocook River. Amoskeag Dam is located on the

3 Concord Climate Data for the Year 2012. National Weather Service. Gray, ME. Jan. 3, 2013. http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/index.php?wfo=gyx. 2013-10-15. Concord weather data is closest to Bedford on record. Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 12

Merrimack River, and additional information about this dam is available in Section III of this plan. Although there are no flood control structures on the other streams in Bedford, Baboosic Brook does have significant natural storage near Baboosic Lake. This storage effectively reduces peak floods and attenuates flooding on Baboosic Brook.

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Disaster Risk The Town of Bedford is susceptible to a variety of natural hazards including flooding, river ice jams, severe winter storms, and hurricanes. The following is an estimate of damage in dollars that may result when a natural hazard occurs in the Town.

Vulnerability Assessment In order to estimate the potential for monetary losses due to natural hazards in Bedford, each hazard was analyzed, with the results shown below. The data below was calculated using FEMA’s Understanding Your Risks: Identifying Hazards and Estimating Losses, August 2001. While the tables in this publication were helpful, a modified variant was utilized based on the information and data available. For instance, an abbreviated inventory of assets was conducted instead of a detailed inventory, since building specific data is not yet available in a format that can be efficiently and accurately queried to locate property specific information in a given hazard zone. Therefore, the losses below are calculated using available historical and current data to create an estimate for each hazard. Also, data that would provide estimates of future buildings, infrastructure and critical facilities in the identified hazard areas is not yet readily available. Some of the historical, background and risk related information considered in the estimation process is described in the subsection entitled “Past and Potential Hazards and Critical Facilities.”

Human losses were not calculated during this exercise, but they could be expected to occur depending on the type and severity of the hazard. These figures exclude both the value of the land and the value of the contents of the structure. As of 2007, the value of all structures in the Town, including exempt structures such as schools and churches, was assessed at $3.4 billion.4

Flooding5 $1,714,810 - $6,325,778 The Town had 72 National Flood Insurance Program policies as of September 30, 2013, with 19 claims filed since 1978 totaling approximately $344,539.60 in losses paid to date.6 The town has one commercial repetitive loss property since 1978 with losses totaling approximately $34,000.00.7 Median Purchase Price of all homes in Bedford for 2012 was $350,000.8

4 NH Department of Revenue. 2012 Equalization Reports. http://www.revenue.nh.gov/munc_prop/equalization/2012/documents/tbc-alpha.pdf 5 The most recent available data was used in estimating losses 6 NFIP Website data. http://www.fema.gov/policy-claim-statistics-flood-insurance/policy- claim-statistics-flood-insurance/policy-claim-13. November 22, 2013. 7 Data provided by FEMA 8 NHHFA. Purchase Price Trends. 2013. NH Dept. of Revenue, PA-34 Dataset, Compiled by Real Data Corp. Filtered and analyzed by New Hampshire Housing. Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 14

Two scenarios were considered with a low estimate assuming damage to 25 percent of the structures with a one-foot flood depth and a high estimate assuming damage to 50 percent of the structures with a four-foot flood depth. These estimates also assume the residential structures are one- or two-story homes with basements. Standard values for percent damage, functional downtime and displacement time were used from FEMA’s Understanding Your Risks: Identifying Hazards and Estimating Losses and its "Worksheet 4- Estimate Losses" were used to determine the actual estimates.

The low estimate was $945,000 in structural damages, $708,750 in contents loss, and $61,060 in structure use and function loss. The total low estimate loss was $1,714,810. The high estimate was $3,528,000 in structural damages, $2,646,000 in contents loss, and $151,778 in structure use and function loss. The total high estimate loss was $6,325,778.

Infrastructure damage could also be extensive, including roads, bridges, utilities, towers, etc. If a devastating flood were to occur, the damage to properties located within the floodplain could exceed this estimated amount. It is clear that Bedford could benefit greatly from any flood mitigation measures that would help reduce typical losses that occur during a major flood event.

Hurricanes Up to $34 million A major hurricane can cause significant damage to a community. Most of the damage from hurricanes is caused by high water and high winds. However, less damage could be expected to occur in Bedford, which is located inland, than in a more vulnerable coastal area. Assuming an assessed structural valuation of approximately $3.4 billion, damaging one percent of this community-wide assessed structural valuation could result in losses of up to $34 million. This does not include other damages expected to occur on public property within the community.

Debris-Impacted Infrastructure and River Ice Jams $10,000 to $5 million Damage from these two hazards could be expected to occur not only on privately owned structures, but also on public property such as roads, bridges and culverts. An estimate of damage in dollars from this type of hazard can range widely depending on the nature and severity of the hazard. A small-to-medium- sized event could be expected to produce a loss from $10,000 to $5 million.

Erosion and Mudslides $25,000 to $75,000 Erosion and mudslide damage usually affects infrastructure such as roads and bridges, but can also affect individual structures and businesses. Since this

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hazard has not been widespread in Bedford, damages from this hazard should be minimal.

Rapid Snow Pack Melt $1,714,810 - $6,325,778 Dams, roads, bridges, and structures have been identified as being susceptible to rapid snow pack melt in Bedford. All areas of steep slopes and erosion prone soils, as mapped in this Plan, are potentially at risk in the event of rapid snow pack melt. Since the estimated loss for this hazard is similar to flooding, the cost estimate is the same as it would be for flooding.

Dam Breach or Failure $428,702 to $4.7 million Bedford has 1 Class S (Significant Hazard) Dam, 2 Class L (Low Hazard) Dams and 11 Class NM (Non-menace) Dams. The Amoskeag Dam, located in Manchester on the Merrimack River, poses a substantial threat to land in Bedford that is located in close proximity to the river, if the dam should breach or fail. A map produced by Public Service of New Hampshire in 1999 (most recent available data) shows the probable extent of inundation waters if the dam does breach or fail. Damage estimates could be expected to be about 25-75 percent of the flooding estimate, $1.25 million to $3.75 million.

Tornadoes $500,000 to $15 million The Fujita Scale is used to determine the intensity of tornadoes. Most tornadoes are in the F0 to F2 Class, in a range that extends to F5 Class. Building to modern wind standards provides significant property protection from tornadoes; New Hampshire is located within Zone 2 for Design Wind Speed for Community Shelters, which is 160 mph. While it is difficult to assess the monetary impact a tornado may have on a community, the dollar range shown above indicates an approximation of what might be expected.

Nor’easters, Ice Storms, Heavy Snowstorms $10,000 to $1 million Damage from nor’easters and ice storms varies greatly depending on the amount of snow and ice that accumulates during the storm. The ice storm of 2008 caused much damage to power lines, structures and the agricultural economy in New England, with over $150 million in damages in New Hampshire due to the storm. The 2008 ice storm was declared a major disaster and damage in New Hampshire and the northeast was unprecedented. These types of storms in Bedford could be expected to cause damage ranging from a few thousand dollars to several million, depending on the severity of the storm.

Wildland Fires $350,000 to $7 million A wildland fire can strike at any time, but may be expected to occur during years of drought. Presuming a small-to-medium-sized fire that destroys from one to 20-plus homes, damage from this hazard could be expected to range from

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$350,000 to $8.3 million. Other damage, such as utilities, is not included in this estimate.

Earthquakes $34 million to $1.7 billion Assuming a moderate earthquake occurs in Bedford where structures are not built to a high seismic design level and are mostly of wood frame construction, it is estimated that about one percent to five percent of the assessed structural valuation could be lost, including both partial and total damage.

Downbursts, Lightning, Hailstorms, Landslides, Radon, Drought, Extreme Heat Since the Town experienced very minor or no damage relative to these types of events, there are no loss estimates for these categories.

Obviously, all of the above figures are only estimates. The amount of damage from any hazard will vary from these figures depending on the extent and nature of the hazard that occurs.

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Current Land Development Trends in Bedford Bedford’s current development trends show that most land in the Town is consumed by single-family residential uses. The following is a summary of Bedford’s development from the most recent Master Plan update 9:

• An increase in childless and empty nester households seeking walkable living in close proximity to shopping and transportation options; and • Communities and developers are looking at compact development and mixed use particularly in response to a rising demand for live/work/play proximity, but also as a means to balance demand with open space preservation. • Much of the rural residential character of the landscape has been maintained and reinforced with stone walls, natural fences and narrow, uncurbed, country roadways. It is differentiated by: o Open and closed views o Roads in character with the landscape o Development that does not overpower the landscape o Rural details… stone walls, low fencing, natural materials, steep pitched rooflines o Low density or pockets of development

The NH Route 101 corridor: o Provides a contrast – rural patterns and commercial needs o Knits together the past, present and future Bedford o Provides east-west linkage o Should balance the need for services/tax revenues with the value of the rural tradition of the town

• The combination of sign control and land development regulations serves to reduce the potential negative visual impacts of the pockets of commercial development along NH Route 101. Town efforts to shape the design of development have had a positive effect on the overall character of the River Road commercial corridor. This, in combination with an interesting mix of old and new, of building typologies and of uses, has resulted in a character that is not typical of such corridors. This area is characterized by: o Minimal single story, flat roofed buildings o Varied rooflines-village scale o “Buildings in the woods” o Softened edges o Multi-generational buildings The Town has an opportunity to build on its strengths in this area. The Town of Bedford’s existing Zoning Ordinance, Floodplain Development Ordinance, Subdivision and Site Plan Review Regulations all work to minimize

9 Information from the Town of Bedford Master Plan Update, October 2010. Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 18

the impacts if not eliminate any development in the hazard areas. The land outside of the Special Flood Hazard Areas and areas of steep slopes related areas remain the preferred location of development in Bedford, both by the Town and Developers. Future development may increase pressure to utilize these hazard areas, despite their inherent risks, given the impending scarcity of land due to rapid growth and near build-out conditions. Any proposed new developments or significant improvements in these zones would require variances from the Zoning Board of Adjustment and the Planning Board. Given these review opportunities, the Town may assure that any future growth in the hazard zones is done in a manner that creates no additional hazard risks to the applicant or the surrounding area.

National Flood Insurance Program Bedford received emergency participating status on September 26, 1975 and has been a regular participant in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) since April 16, 1979. Flood Insurance Rate Maps and the Flood Insurance Study (FIS), (effective date of Sept 25, 2009) are used for flood insurance purposes and are on file with the Bedford Planning Board, as are map updates. The Town of Bedford continues to implement and enforce their Floodplain Development Ordinance (Article X, 275:76-82), which regulates all new construction and substantial improvements within the Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs). The town also requires an elevation certificate when (1) a structure is built or substantially improved within a known flood zone, or (2) if the flood map shows a part of the lot within the flood zone and the certified foundation plan shows the house is located within the flood zone. The land surveyor must supply the footing elevation.

The Town is considering adding flood hazard information to their website at the present time, as well as developing a program to distribute flood hazard information to those that are in the SFHAs as well. In addition the town has implemented the following actions related to continued compliance with NFIP: • Address NFIP monitoring and compliance activities • Revise/adopt subdivision regulations, erosion control regulations, board of health regulations, etc. to improve floodplain management in the community • Prepare, distribute or make available NFIP, insurance and building codes explanatory pamphlets or booklets • Identify and become knowledgeable of non-compliant structures in the community • Identify cause of submit-to-rate structures and analyze how to prevent non-compliant structures in the future • Inspect foundations at time of completion before framing to determine if lowest floor is at or above Base Flood Elevation (BFE)

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• Require the use of elevation certificates • Enhance local officials, builders, developers, local citizens and other stakeholders’ knowledge of how to read and interpret the FIRM • Work with elected officials, the state and FEMA to correct existing compliance issues and prevent any future NFIP compliance issues through continuous communications, training and education

The Town had 72 National Flood Insurance Program policies as of September 30, 2013, with 19 claims filed since 1979 totaling approximately $344,539.60 in losses paid to date.10 The town has one commercial repetitive loss property since 1978 with losses totaling approximately $34,000.00.11 Repetitive loss areas are mapped on the Past and Potential Hazards Map at the end of this section. The land uses within this area are commercial, residential-agricultural, and a historic overlay district.

10 NFIP website data. http://www.fema.gov/policy-claim-statistics-flood-insurance/policy- claim-statistics-flood-insurance/policy-claim-13. November 22, 2013. 11 Data provided by FEMA Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 20

Past and Potential Hazards and Critical Facilities12 The Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Committee identified past hazard events, which include the following: flooding, wind, wildfire, ice and snow, and earthquake events. Other hazards include radon, drought, and extreme heat.

These hazards were identified in a brainstorming session with the Committee. Additionally, the State of New Hampshire Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan, Update 2013 was consulted and any other supporting information was derived from the resources listed in the Appendices. The Past and Potential Hazards Maps at the end of this Section reflect the contents of this list. For each hazard the Committee reviewed background information, areas at risk and the potential for the hazard to occur in the town as well as pose a risk or cause damage to structures, infrastructure or human life. Probability is based on an objective appraisal of a hazard's probability using information provided by relevant sources, observations and trends. Rankings are based on High, Moderate and Low. The probability is for a 10-year period. Tables 1 and 2 refer to this ranking system.

• High – Probability is 70 to 100 percent. The event is likely to highly likely to occur with severe strength over a significant portion of the SNHPC region. • Moderate - Probability is 35 to 70 percent. The event is somewhat likely to occur with some damage in parts of the region. • Low - Probability is 0 to 35 percent. While the event is unlikely or highly unlikely to occur, the probability is low for significant damage.

Natural hazards which are most likely to affect Bedford: Severe winter storm / ice storm, flooding and severe thunderstorms and lightening.

Natural hazards which may affect Bedford: Hurricane and tropical storms, downbursts, high winds and hailstorms.

Natural hazards which are less likely to affect Bedford: Wildfire, earthquake, extreme temperature, erosion, landslides and tornado.

12 Note: The State of New Hampshire Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan was most recently updated and finalized on October 29, 2013. Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 21

Table 1 – Hazard Identification and Probability Category Hazard Type Sub-hazard Type Probability A Flooding 1 Floodplain Events Moderate 2 Hurricanes Moderate Debris-impacted 3 infrastructure and river ice jams Moderate to high 4 Erosion and mudslides Low 5 Rapid snow pack melt Low to moderate 6 Dam breach or failure Low B Wind 1 Hurricanes Moderate 2 Tornadoes Low to moderate 3 Nor’easters Moderate to high 4 Downburst Moderate

5 Lightning Moderate C Wildfire 1 Wildland Fires/Grass Fires Low to moderate 2 Isolated Homes Low Ice and Snow D Events 1 Heavy Snowstorms Moderate to high 2 Ice Storms Moderate 3 Hailstorms Low to Moderate E Earthquakes 1 Earthquakes Low to moderate 2 Landslides Low F Other Hazards 1 Radon High 2 Drought Moderate 3 Extreme Heat Low

Natural Hazards

A. Flooding

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The Bedford Hazard Mitigation Committee reviewed the following kinds of hazards related to flooding:

1. Floodplain Events Unlike many other New Hampshire communities, the Town of Bedford did not develop along the waterways. However, the rapid expansion of growth in the town is forcing development closer to the floodplains than ever before.

Encroachment into areas subject to inundation by floodwaters having hazardous velocities aggravates the risk of flood damage, and heightens potential flood hazards by further increasing velocities.13

The major watercourse flowing through Bedford is Merrimack River, on the eastern border of Town. There are also several smaller streams including Bowman Brook, Tioga River, Pointer Club Brook (tributaries of the Merrimack River) and McQuade, Baboosic and Riddle Brooks. Some of the more severe flooding in Bedford tends to occur in the early spring due to snowmelt, heavy rains and ice jams. Autumn is another time of critical concern with heavy rainfall and tropical storms

Known flooding in Bedford has occurred at:

Table 2 – Past Flooding Events Type of Damage and Area Severity 2015 Update Description Flooded road and Continue to be Old Station Road Low washed away side monitored New road and Wendover and Road washed out in drainage installed, Oak Drive High Mother’s Day flood considered to be a Culverts one-time incident NH Route 101 between Stowell Partly washed out in NH DOT rebuilt High Road and Twin Mother’s Day flood area Brook Lane Intersection of Culvert Reconstructed/New Nashua and failed/erosion of Moderate culvert in 2011 Wallace Road banks Bridge on Stowell Minor flooding and One-time incident. Road which sits on threat during high Low Upgraded bridge the Town line water structure in 2009

13 Hillsborough County, New Hampshire Flood Insurance Study. September 25, 2009. Vol. 1. Pg. 94. Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 23

Type of Damage and Area Severity 2015 Update Description Area around Pond floods in heavy Whippoorwill Moderate Stabilized rain Lane Chubbuck Road, Culverts replaced Road washed out just north of High and road raised in multiple times Magazine Street 2013 South River Road, Norwood Reality Dam repaired under just south of Kilton dam, wing walls Moderate DES oversight Road failed Area around North Upgraded culverts Amherst Road and Floods in heavy rain Moderate in 2011 Perry Road Jenkins Road just Dam removed and south of Beals Floods in heavy rain High replaced with bridge Road in 2012 Area around Road washed out in Pond no longer Catsby Lane and Mother’s Day flood, High exists after dam Pembroke Way dam breached breached Area around Minor flooding due Culverts Cambridge Road to undersized Low replaced/upgraded and Birkdale Road culverts in 2011 Upgraded culvert on Dam breached on Joppa Hill Road High McQuade Brook in Brown’s Pond 2013 Dam failure, pond is Part of Brook Brown's Pond High gone currently Effected by Brown's Cider Mill & Repaired after Pond breach, washed High Catsby Lane flooding event out Palomino Lane One-time incident near Whittemore Localized flooding Low

Street North of Boynton Street at the Localized flooding Low One-time incident terminus of Woodbury Lane Western most Culverts Minor flooding in portion of Moderate redesigned/replaced road Magazine Street in 2013 Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 24

Type of Damage and Area Severity 2015 Update Description Riddle Brook along Meadow Road and To be monitored, not Floods in heavy rain Low east of Wallace a hazard area Road

Wathen Road & Flooding on Low To be completed Eastman Road Manchester side

Definitions of Levels High Severity – Potential to cause significant damage Moderate Severity – Potential to cause minor damage Low Severity – Will not cause damage

All Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs) in the Town of Bedford are potentially at risk if a floodplain event occurs. Please see the Past Hazards GIS map at the end of Section II for the locations of the flood hazard areas in the Town of Bedford, including both 100-year and 500-year floodplain zones.

Flood hazard areas identified on the FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Map are identified as a Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA). SFHA are defined as the area that will be inundated by the flood event having a one percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year. The one percent annual chance flood is also referred to as the base flood or 100-year flood. SFHAs are labeled as Zone A, Zone AO, Zone AH, Zones A1-A30, Zone AE, Zone A99, Zone AR, Zone AR/AE, Zone AR/AO, Zone AR/A1-A30, Zone AR/A, Zone V, Zone VE, and Zones V1- V30. Moderate flood hazard areas, labeled Zone B or Zone X (shaded) are also shown on the FIRM, and are the areas between the limits of the base flood and the 0.2-percent-annual-chance (or 500-year) flood. The areas of minimal flood hazard, which are the areas outside the SFHA and higher than the elevation of the 0.2-percent-annual-chance flood, are labeled Zone C or Zone X (unshaded).14

Moderate probability for flooding to occur and cause damage in Bedford’s 100- year floodplain

2. Hurricanes Since 1938, twelve hurricanes and tropical storms have reached New Hampshire.15 The 1938 hurricane was a more notable event, causing damage, to

14 FEMA. NFIP Policy Index. http://www.fema.gov/floodplain-management/flood-zones. 03-26-14. 15 2013 State of New Hampshire Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan, FEMA declared disasters and emergencies data. Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 25

strike Bedford and other towns in southern New Hampshire. Hurricanes Carol and Edna caused some damage in August and September of 1954. In addition, New Hampshire saw some localized flooding and wind damage in September 1985 – Gloria, August 1991 – Bob, and September 1999 – Floyd. In all of these cases, trees and power lines came down, but there was not much structural damage. The most recent Hurricanes to reach New Hampshire were Irene in 2011 and Hurricane Sandy in October 2012, which was downgraded to a post- tropical cyclone by the time it reached New Hampshire with most areas reporting winds of 40 to 70 mph (64 to 110 km/h)16.

Severe hurricanes reaching south-central New Hampshire in the late summer and early fall are the most dangerous of the coastal storms that pass through New England from the south. During a hurricane wind speeds may reach 250 miles per hour in a Category 5 hurricane, as measured on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. Tropical depressions are considered to be of hurricane force when winds reach 74 miles per hour. Substantial damage may result from winds of this force, especially considering the duration of the event, which may last for many hours. Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale Category Winds (mph) Potential Damage 1 74-95 Minimal 2 96-110 Moderate 3 111-129 Extensive 4 130-156 Extreme 5 >157 Catastrophic

Potential effects of a hurricane include significant flooding & disrupted travel, runoff not handled adequately, and traffic at a standstill. Areas flooded include: Magazine Street; Meadow Road; Keene Street/Mack Street; and Palomino Lane. Please see GIS maps at the end of Section II for the location of the above hazards.

Moderate probability for hurricanes to occur and cause flood damage in Bedford

3. Debris-impacted infrastructure and river ice jams Historically, many floods in Bedford have been due to snowmelt and heavy rains in conjunction with ice jams or debris-impacted infrastructure. Bridges, culverts and related roadways were identified as most vulnerable to ice jams and debris- impacted infrastructure, and are included on the Critical Facilities GIS maps.

16 NOAA. National Climatic Data Center. Storm Events Database. http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=416281. 01-22-14. Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 26

If flooding occurs in the Town of Bedford, there is the potential for debris- impacted infrastructure and ice jams to cause damage. Vegetative debris is the main source of materials for impacts in Bedford (other than ice), though silt and soils are also a problem for the Town during hazard events.

All SFHAs in the Town of Bedford are potentially at risk if there is an ice jam or debris-impacted infrastructure. Particular concern should be given to NH Route 101 and Moore’s Crossing Bridge (railroad and pedestrian). Please see the Past Hazards GIS map at the end of Section II for the locations and extent of the flood hazard areas in the Town of Bedford, which are susceptible to this hazard should it occur.

The potential magnitude of a hazard event, also referred to as the extent, scale or strength of a disaster, provides a measurement of how large and significant a hazard can become. The U.S. Army Corp of Engineers (ACOE) maintains the Ice Jam Database, Bulletins & Surveys website which locates where ice jams are presently occurring and where they have occurred in the past. Reports can be generated in various formats so emergency responders can identify the locations of prior ice jams and begin to mitigate the effects of future events. The database revealed no prior ice jams in Bedford, NH. A specific scale which measures the potential magnitude of river ice jams was not located.

Debris carried by floodwaters can compromises the effectiveness of bridges, dams, culverts, diverting structures, etc. The debris may compound a flooding hazard by obstructing normal floodwater flow. Debris impacted infrastructure could also be comprised of downed trees, limbs, or power lines onto roadways. Roadways are typically considered unsafe to travel until the debris has been removed from the roadway and power has been restored. Debris impacted infrastructure is considered more of a technological hazard than a natural hazard. Impaction of infrastructure can occur on a large scale when trees or old vehicles block a dam or bridge, or on a smaller scale can be simply leaves, sticks, and litter blocking a culvert.

Moderate to high probability for debris-impacted infrastructure or ice-jams to occur and cause damage in Bedford

4. Erosion and mudslides Stream bank erosion may eventually result in mudslides. Land in Bedford which has at least 15 percent slope, a vertical rise of 15 feet over a horizontal run of 100 feet, is scattered throughout the Town, usually occurring around the hills and streambanks. Areas of steep slopes in Bedford are shown on the Past and Potential Hazards GIS maps.

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Past erosion/mudslide damage occurred at the following location: In the area of Chardonnay Terrace (during construction, well established now and no longer a concern)

All areas of steep slopes and erosion prone soils, as mapped in this Plan, are potentially at risk in the case of potential erosion and mudslide events.

The potential magnitude of a hazard event, also referred to as the extent, scale or strength of a disaster, provides a measurement of how large and significant a hazard can become. Watercourses which are particularly prone to flash-flooding conditions are most vulnerable to erosion and scouring. These types of rivers are primarily found at higher elevations. Bank erosion can occur on the streams in Bedford and along the Merrimack River. Certain roadways with a very steep slope are also particularly vulnerable.

Diverse streambank shapes have different types of resistance to erosion. An undercut bank, a bank that rises vertically or overhangs the stream, generally provides good cover for macroinvertebrates and fish and is resistant to erosion. However, if seriously further undercut, it might be vulnerable to collapse. The steeply sloping bank sloping at more than a 30 degree angle is very vulnerable to erosion. The gradually sloping bank has a slope of 30 degrees or less and it is highly resistant to erosion but does not provide much streamside cover. Not only is there loss of property due to erosion, but habitat and ecosystems are affected. Source: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) prediction of stream bank erosion rates uses the Bank Assessment for Non-point source Consequences of Sediment (BANCS) method. This method as published by Rosgen (2001a) utilizes two bank erodability estimation tools: Bank Erosion Prediction Index (BEHI) and Near Bank Stress (NBS). The application of both criteria involves evaluating the bank characteristics and flow distribution along river reaches and mapping various risk ratings commensurate with bank and channel changes. An estimate of erosion rate is made, and then is multiplied by the bank height times the length of bank of a similar condition, providing an estimate of cubic yards and/or tons of sediment per year. Taken into consideration for the BEHI are the bank height versus bankful depth, bank angle, density of roots, soil stratification, and particle size at a river reach.

The Near Bank Stress (NBS) technique provides seven different methods for categorizing stress upon the riverbank which would cause erosion, listed in the figure below.

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Methods for Estimating Near-Bank Stress 1 Transverse bar or split channel/central bar creating NBS/high velocity gradient: Level I- Reconnaisance 2 Channel pattern (Rc/W): Level II – General Prediction 3 Radio of pool slope to average water surface slopes (Sp/S): Level II-General Prediction 4 Ratio of pool slope to average water surface slope (Sp/S): Level II-General Prediction 5 Ratio of near-bank maximum depth to bankful mean depth (dnb/dbkf): Level III Detailed Prediction 6 Ratio of near-bank shear stress to bankful shear stress (tnb/tbkf): Level III – Detailed Prediction 7 Velocity profiles/Isovels/Velocity gradient: Level IV-Validation Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA)

Using a series of Worksheets developed by the U.S. EPA for the NBS methods of categorizing riverbank stress, calculations for the studied river reach are compared to the U.S. EPA Indices to take the final Bank Erosion Risk Rating:

Bank Erosion Risk Rating Index Bank Erosion Risk Rating Velocity Gradient Method 7 Near-Bank Stress/Sheer Stress feet/second Method 6 pounds/feet Very Low <0.5 <0.8 Low 0.5 to 1.0 0.8 to 1.05 Moderate 1.1 to 1.6 1,06 to 1.14 High 1.61 to 2.0 1.15 to 1.19 Very High 2.1 to 2.4 1.2 to 1.6 Extreme >2.4 >1.6 Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA)

Together, the BEHI and the NBS comprise the BANCS erosion predication of river banks at identified river reaches. The complete set of required Worksheets is available on the U.S. EPA Bank Erosion Prediction website. The BANCS method of predicting stream bank erosion rates is a measurement of the potential magnitude of stream bank erosion. Low probability for erosion and mudslides to occur and cause damage in Bedford

5. Rapid snow pack melt Warm temperatures and heavy rains cause rapid snowmelt. The water cannot seep into the frozen ground in early spring and so it runs off into streets and waterways. Quickly melting snow coupled with moderate to heavy rains are prime conditions for flooding. Structures and improvements located on, along, or at the base of, steep slopes are most vulnerable to rapid snow pack melt.

The potential magnitude of a hazard event, also referred to as the extent, scale or strength of a disaster, provides a measurement of how large and significant a hazard can become. Rapid snow pack melt is another category of flooding. The

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solid snow cover from a winter season can be melted prior to a ground thaw in a few warm or rainy days, resulting in flash-flood like conditions.

The National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center (NOHRSC) provides an interface for Interactive Snow Information in the form of Modeled Snow Water Equivalent from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) forecasts. Historic and current snow water equivalent (how much water there would be if the current snow melted) can be mapped and identified. The online map can be zoomed in to the Hillsborough County level, and the daily prediction of snow water equivalent legend is posted for emergency managers to measure the magnitude of snow water equivalent (snow pack melt). An accompanying tool on this HOHRSC website, the Change in Modeled Snow Water Equivalent (SWE), indicates how much the snow water equivalent changed over the previous 24-hour period. Emergency responders can use this Interactive Snow Information Map tool to identify increases or decreases in the number of inches of SWE, either through snowfall or snowmelt. Using both the Modeled Snow Water Equivalent and the Change in Modeled Snow Water Equivalent together as predictive tools, responders can monitor snow melt and identify problem areas in Town for resolution.

Rapid snow pack melt can cause flooding or ponding throughout the community. Specific damaged locations include undersized or unmaintained culverts, roads, driveways, slopes yards or fields, or swollen streams. The location of some of these areas can be seen on the GIS maps’ depiction of steep slopes. Past damage has occurred at North Amherst Road by the Town line, with accompanying rain. That was the only event of note.

All areas of steep slopes and erosion prone soils, as mapped in this Plan, are potentially at risk in the event of rapid snow pack melt. Low to moderate probability for rapid snow pack-melt to occur and cause damage

6. Dam breach or failure

Dam failure results in rapid loss of water that is normally held by the dam. These kinds of floods are extremely dangerous and pose a significant threat to both life and property. The potential magnitude of a hazard event, also referred to as the extent, scale or strength of a disaster, provides a measurement of how large and significant a hazard can become. Dam breach is considered a Technological Hazard, a secondary hazard caused by flooding conditions. Dam breaches are a potential danger to people and property within the dam breach inundation area(s).

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All class S (Significant Hazard) and H (High Hazard) dams have the potential to cause damage if they breach or fail. Bedford has one dam rated S, with potential to cause significant damage in the event of a breach or failure. In addition, Bedford has two dams rated L or “Low”, which would cause minimal damage if they fail and 11 Class NM “Non-menace” dams, another concern for the Town of Bedford is the Amoskeag Dam, located along the Merrimack River in Manchester. If this dam breaches or fails, the inundation area includes some sections of Bedford along the west side of the river. Please see the Areas at Risk Map and the Amoskeag Hydro Project Inundation Map, at the end of this section, for dam locations and impacted areas. The dam classes are defined in Appendix C and dams are identified on page 60.

The SFHAs in Bedford would be impacted by a dam breach.

Past Dam Breach or failure has occurred at the following locations: Woodbury Estate Pond Dam – 116 South River Rd. (repaired) McQuade Brook Dam – Jenkins Road Bowman Brook Dam – 71 Whippoorwill Lane Bedford Three Corners Dam – Pulpit Road (beaver dam) Brown Pond Dam – Failed but not replaced, Fire Pond gone Upper Falls Dam & Lower Falls Dam – Hazard level lowered due to surrounding vacant property

Low probability for dam breach or failure to occur and cause damage in Bedford

B. Wind The Bedford Hazard Mitigation Committee reviewed the following kinds of hazards related to wind:

1. Hurricanes Severe hurricanes reaching south-central New Hampshire in the late summer and early fall are the most dangerous of the coastal storms that pass through New England from the south. During a hurricane, top wind speeds could reach 250 miles per hour in a Category 5 hurricane, as measured on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. The potential magnitude of a hazard event, also referred to as the extent, scale or strength of a disaster, provides a measurement of how large and significant a hazard can become. The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale measures the magnitude of wind events effects on property damage on a 1 through 5 rating basis. The Saffir-Simpson scale describes the Category 1 through 5 strengths with their respective threats to people, different types of homes, shopping centers, trees, power lines, water, and more as displayed in the below table.

Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 31

Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale Category Sustained Types of Damage Due to Hurricane Winds Winds 1 74-95 mph Very dangerous winds will produce some damage: Well-constructed frame homes could have damage to roof, shingles, vinyl siding and gutters. Large branches of trees will snap and shallowly rooted trees may be toppled. Extensive damage to power lines and poles likely will result in power outages that could last a few to several days. 2 96-110 mph Extremely dangerous winds will cause extensive damage: Well- constructed frame homes could sustain major roof and siding damage. Many shallowly rooted trees will be snapped or uprooted and block numerous roads. Near-total power loss is expected with outages that could last from several days to weeks. 3 111-129 Devastating damage will occur: Well-built framed homes may incur mph major damage or removal of roof decking and gable ends. Many trees will be snapped or uprooted, blocking numerous roads. Electricity and water will be unavailable for several days to weeks after the storm passes. 4 130-156 Catastrophic damage will occur: Well-built framed homes can sustain mph severe damage with loss of most of the roof structure and/or some exterior walls. Most trees will be snapped or uprooted and power poles downed. Fallen trees and power poles will isolate residential areas. Power outages will last weeks to possibly months. Most of the area will be uninhabitable for weeks or months. 5 157 mph or Catastrophic damage will occur: A high percentage of framed homes higher will be destroyed, with total roof failure and wall collapse. Fallen trees and power poles will isolate residential areas. Power outages will last for weeks to possibly months. Most of the area will be uninhabitable for weeks or months. Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

Tropical depressions are considered to be of hurricane force when winds reach 74 miles per hour. Substantial damage may result from winds of this force, especially considering the duration of the event, which may last for many hours. Potential effects of hurricane force winds include fallen trees on roads and communication and power towers may fall. In the past the white pine trees off Boynton Street have been affected. In Bedford, Hurricanes Sandy (2012) and Irene (2011), a Presidential Emergency Declaration, in New Hampshire caused heavy rain, high winds and power outages, while the overall damage was not significant.

All areas of Bedford are at risk if a hurricane reaches Hillsborough County, NH.

Moderate probability for hurricane force winds to occur and cause damage Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 32

2. Tornadoes All areas of Bedford are potentially at risk for property damage and loss of life due to tornadoes. Since 1950 there have been 20 known tornadoes that have occurred in Hillsborough County ranging from 1-3 on the Fujita scale (NOAA, Storm Prediction Center (SPC) historical tornado data). None of these are known to have had any effect in Bedford.

Tornadoes are measured using the Enhanced Fujita Tornado Damage Scale, as seen in the following table (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration).

Table 3 – Enhanced Fujita Tornado Damage Scale

OPERATIONAL EF FUJITA SCALE DERIVED EF SCALE SCALE

F Fastest 1/4- 3 Second EF 3 Second EF 3 Second Number mile (mph) Gust (mph) Number Gust (mph) Number Gust (mph)

0 40-72 45-78 0 65-85 0 65-85

1 73-112 79-117 1 86-109 1 86-110

2 113-157 118-161 2 110-137 2 111-135

3 158-207 162-209 3 138-167 3 136-165

4 208-260 210-261 4 168-199 4 166-200

5 261-318 262-317 5 200-234 5 Over 200 Source: NOAA

All areas of Bedford are potentially at risk if a tornado reaches the Town.

Low to moderate probability for tornadoes to occur and cause damage in Bedford

3. Nor’easters A Nor’easter is a large weather system traveling from South to North, passing along or near the seacoast. As the storm approaches New England and its intensity becomes increasingly apparent, the resulting counterclockwise cyclonic winds strike the coast and inland areas from a Northeasterly direction. In the winter months, oftentimes heavy snow conditions accompany these events. “A strong low pressure system that affects the Mid-Atlantic and New England States. It can form over land or over the coastal waters. These winter weather events are notorious for producing heavy snow, rain, and tremendous waves

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that crash onto Atlantic beaches, often causing beach erosion and structural damage. Wind gusts associated with these storms can exceed hurricane force in intensity. A nor'easter gets its name from the continuously strong northeasterly winds blowing in from the ocean ahead of the storm and over the coastal areas.17” Hazards from nor’easters include icing and heavy snows which cause downed trees and power lines to go down.

Recent Nor’easters affecting Bedford include:

• October 29 to 31, 2011 early and severe snow storm around Halloween, referred to as “Snowtober,” affected communities in central and southern NH. • February 8-9, 2013, a Nor’easter, known as Winter Storm NEMO, struck the state of New Hampshire and brought almost three feet of snow to New England with wind gusts up to 75 mph. The Governor declared a State of Emergency. • November 25–30, 2014 Thanksgiving Day snowstorm caused a significant number of power outages in southern and central NH. The storm was the 4th largest in number of power outages according to PSNH. • January 26 through about February 16, 2015 series of frequent heavy snowstorms taxed state and local government snow plowing budgets and caused the cancellations of schools and businesses. The Governor will submit a request for disaster assistance to FEMA.

These were regional events that affected southern and central NH, including the Town of Bedford.

All areas of Bedford are potentially at risk for property damage and loss of life due to Nor’easters.

Moderate to high probability for nor’easters to occur and cause wind damage

4. Downburst A downburst is a severe localized wind blasting down from a thunderstorm. These ‘straight line’ winds are distinguishable from tornadic activity by the pattern of destruction and debris. Depending on the size and location of these events, the destruction to property may be devastating. Downbursts are capable of producing winds up to 175 mph and are life-threatening. Downbursts fall into two categories: Microbursts cover an area less than 2.5 miles in diameter, and macrobursts cover an area at least 2.5 miles in diameter.18

17 NOAA. National Weather Service. Glossary. http://w1.weather.gov/glossary/index.php?letter=n. 02-06- 14. 18 2013 State of New Hampshire Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan. Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 34

The potential magnitude of a hazard event, also referred to as the extent, scale or strength of a disaster, provides a measurement of how large and significant a hazard can become. Downbursts often accompany thunderstorms, which are quite common during Central NH’s hot weather months. Microbursts and macrobursts (wet) have been known to occur here in the region. Downbursts of both sizes are capable of producing strong wind shear, or large changes in wind speed and direction over a short distance. Downbursts typically originate from thunderstorm clouds, with air moving in a downward motion until it hits the ground level and then spreads outward in all directions. In fact, the wind pattern of a downburst is the opposite of a tornado’s wind pattern. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Weather Service and the National Weather Service Jetstream Online School for Weather have provided descriptions of downbursts. Downbursts can follow the Enhanced Fujita Scale for the tornado-like high winds they spawn. Downbursts are categorized into macrobursts and microbursts, and although there are wet and dry microbursts, NH only experiences wet microbursts. The Enhanced Fujita Scale shown on the table below measures the magnitude of wind speed for downbursts.

Characteristics of Downbursts: Macrobursts and Microbursts Characteristics Microburst (wet) Macroburst (wet) Wind Span <2.5 miles >2.5 miles Time 2 to f minutes 5 to 20 minutes Wind Speed Up to EF 4 (166 mph) Up to EF 3 (136 mph) Example of Damages Trees flattened; hazardous Not as strong as a conditions for planes; building microburst, but winds last damage. longer.

In 2011, a downburst occurred on Bedford Center Road and caused roadside and culvert damage.

All locations in Bedford are at risk for property damage and loss of life due to downbursts.

Moderate probability for downbursts to occur and cause damage in Bedford.

5. Lightning Lightning is a visible electrical discharge produced by a thunderstorm. The discharge may occur within or between clouds, between the cloud and air, between a cloud and the ground or between the ground and a cloud.19 Average

19 NOAA. National Weather Service. Glossary. http://w1.weather.gov/glossary/index.php?letter=n. 02-06- 14. Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 35

number of flashes in New Hampshire from 1997-2011 number 23,360.20 Lightning strikes can cause death, injury, and property damage. New Hampshire ranks 16th in the U.S. for casualties from lightning strikes.

The potential magnitude of a hazard event, also referred to as the extent, scale or strength of a disaster, provides a measurement of how large and significant a hazard can become. Severe storms such as thunderstorms are usually responsible for the lightning south NH region receives. Lightning fires are unpredictable and they are most dangerous when strikes occur in rural areas with limited fire suppression access. Lightning can be measured to determine how likely it may be for starting fires. Using a Level system of 1 to 6 corresponding with storm development and the number of lightning strikes, the Lightning Activity level (LAL) measures the magnitude of lightning strikes as displayed in the below table.

Lightning Activity Level (LAL) Level LAL Cloud and Storm Development Cloud to Cloud to Ground Ground Strikes Strikes per per 5 15 Minutes Minutes LAL 1 No thunderstorms n/a n/a LAL 2 Isolated thunderstorms. Light rain will occasionally reach 1 to 5 1 to 8 the ground. Lightning is very infrequent, 1 to 5 cloud to ground strikes in a five minute period. LAL 3 Widely scattered thunderstorms. Light to moderate rain 6 to 10 9 to 15 will reach the ground. Lightning is infrequent, 6 to 10 cloud to ground strikes in a 5 minute period. LAL 4 Scattered thunderstorms. Moderate rain is commonly 11 to 15 16 to 25 produced. Lightning is frequent, 11 to 15 cloud to ground strikes in a 5 minute period. LAL 5 Numerous thunderstorms. Rainfall is moderate to heavy. >15 >25 Lightning is frequent and intense, greater than 15 cloud to ground strikes in a 5 minute period. LAL 6 Dry lightning (same as LAL 3 but without rain). This type 6 to 10 9 to 15 of lightning has the potential for extreme fire activity and is normally highlighted in fire weather forecasts with a Red Flag Warning. Source: National Weather Service

All areas of Bedford are potentially at risk for property damage and loss of life due to lightning. There has been no known damage from lightning in Bedford.

20 These cloud-to-ground lightning flashes were measured by the National Lightning Detection Network® (NLDN®) over the land area inside state borders. The NLDN does not cover Alaska or Hawaii. The NLDN is owned and operated by Vaisala. http://www.lightningsafety.noaa.gov/stats/Table- Flashes_by_State_1997-2011.pdf. 02-06-14. Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 36

Moderate probability for lightning to occur and cause damage in Bedford.

C. Wildfire The Bedford Hazard Mitigation Committee reviewed hazards related to wildfires.

1. Wildland Fires/Grass Fires

Wildfire is defined as any unwanted and unplanned fire burning in forest, shrub or grass and are frequently referred to as forest fires, shrub fires or grass fires, depending on their location. They often occur during drought and when woody debris on the forest floor is readily available to fuel the fire. The threat of wildfires is greatest where vegetation patterns have been altered by past land- use practices, fire suppression and fire exclusion.

Historically, large NH wildfires run in roughly 50 year cycles. The increased incidence of large wildfire activity in the late 1940s and early 1950s is thought to be associated, in part, with debris from the Hurricane of 1938. Significant woody ‘fuel’ was deposited in the forests during that event.21 Present concerns are that the Ice Storm of 2008 has left a significant amount of woody debris in the forests of the region as may fuel future wildfires. The potential magnitude of a hazard event, also referred to as the extent, scale or strength of a disaster, provides a measurement of how large and significant a hazard can become.

The National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) Size Fire Classification Scale is depicted below.

National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) Size Fire Classification Class A 1/4th acre or less Class B More than 1/4th acre, but less than 10 acres Class C 10 acres or more, but less than 100 acres Class D 100 acres or more, but less than 300 acres Class E 300 acres or more, but less than 1,000 acres Class F 1,000 acres or more, but less than 5,000 acres Class G 5,000 acres or more Source: NWCG

New Hampshire has 350-400 wildfires during an average year and 95 percent of these fires are caused by humans and five percent are caused by lightning (NH Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2013). The vast number of these fires occur in the most

21 2013 State of New Hampshire Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan. Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 37

populated areas like Hillsborough and Rockingham Counties. These fires are suppressed quickly with an average fire size of less than one acre. The primary cause of wildfires in NH continues to be escaped debris burns, with miscellaneous causes (power lines, fireworks, etc.) and campfires being the top three. Average acres burned per year in NH are between 200-250 acres and months of April and May experience the highest number of fire starts with the period of October and November following with the highest number. These time periods are vulnerable because the predominant forest type is hardwood trees and in spring it is before they green up and the late fall the leaves have dropped. It normally only occurs with an extended period of hot, dry weather conditions. The total number of fire starts has decreased between 2006 and 2011. (NH Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2013).

There are several areas, in the Town of Bedford, that are susceptible to wildfires, including: • All new developments (when trees are cut, soil dries, leaving dead grass) • OHRV sparks cause fires • Debris left from ice storms in 1998 and 2008 • Holbrook Hill area has had forest fires • Pulpit Rock area has had forest fires • Ministerial Branch Area • Perry Road Area • Joppa Hill Farm

The locations of these areas are identified on the Past Hazards GIS map at the end of Section II. There are no recent occurrences of wildfire in Bedford.

An increased Urban-Wildlife Interface was noted in the Town of Bedford for Wildfire Hazards.

Low to moderate probability for wildfires to occur and cause damage in Bedford

2. Isolated Homes Isolated homes are more susceptible to the impacts of wildfire due to the challenges of reaching them with fire-fighting capabilities. Isolated homes are a concern for New Hampshire, as it is heavily forested and there has been an increase in the urban-wildlife interface as towns develop and grow.

There are several areas in Bedford with isolated residential areas and individual residential units. The location of these areas is identified on the Past and Potential Hazards GIS Map and in the summary listing of “Areas at Risk” at the end of this section.

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Low probability for isolated homes to be damaged in Bedford. Recent development around Pulpit Road has negated the risk status of the two isolated homes.

D. Ice and Snow Events The Bedford Hazard Mitigation Committee reviewed the following kinds of hazards related to ice and snow events:

1. Heavy Snowstorms A heavy snowstorm is considered to be one which deposits five or more inches of snow in a 12-hour period or seven or more inches of snow/sleet in a 24-hour period and / or enough ice accumulation to cause damage to trees or power lines and / or a life threatening or damaging combination of snow and/or ice accumulation with wind. A blizzard is a winter storm characterized by snow and/or blowing snow reducing visibility to ¼ mile or less for three hours or longer and sustained winds of 35 mph or greater or frequent gusts to 35 mph or greater.22

Recent heavy snowstorms affecting Bedford include:

• October 29 to 31, 2011 – the Halloween storm. • February 8-9, 2013, a Nor’easter, known as Winter Storm NEMO • November 25 – 30, 2014, Thanksgiving Day snowstorm • January 26 through about February 16, 2015 series of frequent heavy snowstorms

The potential magnitude of a hazard event, also referred to as the extent, scale or strength of a disaster, provides a measurement of how large and significant a hazard can become. The National Climactic Data Center (NCDC) produces the Regional Snowfall Index (RSI) for the Northeast to categorize significant snowstorms. The RSI ranks snowstorm effects on a scale from 1 to 5. The RSKI is based on the spatial extent of the storm, the amount of snowfall, and the population. The Regional Snowfall Index (RSI) is displayed below in the table. This is a measurement of the magnitude of a snowstorm in the Northeast, which includes New Hampshire and Bedford.

22 NOAA. National Weather Service. Definitions of Weather Watch, Warnings and Advisories. http://www.erh.noaa.gov/lwx/Defined/index.htm#Blizzard Warning. 02-06-14. Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 39

Regional Snowfall Index (RSKI) for the Northeast Storm Category RSI Value Snow Description 1 1-3 Notable 2 3-6 Significant 3 6-10 Major 4 10-18 Crippling 5 18 + Extreme Source: National Climactic Data Center (NCDC), 2014

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA’s) National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center (NOHRSC) hosts an Interactive Snow Information site that produces daily Modeled Snow Depth Maps displaying inches of snow depth. These Maps measure the magnitude of snow depth during a chosen day for New Hampshire counties, although individual communities like Bedford will recognize their municipal location.

All areas of Bedford are potentially at risk for property damage and loss of life due to heavy snows. Higher elevations are more susceptible to this hazard.

Moderate to high probability for heavy snow storms and nor’easters to occur and cause damage in Bedford

2. Ice Storms An ice storm is used to describe occasions when damaging accumulations of ice are expected during freezing rain situations. Significant accumulations of ice pull down trees and utility lines resulting in loss of power and communication. These accumulations of ice make walking and driving extremely dangerous. Significant ice accumulations are usually accumulations of a ¼" or greater.23 The Sperry– Piltz Ice Accumulation Index, or SPIA Index, predicts the projected footprint, total ice accumulation, and resulting potential damage from approaching ice storms. It is a tool to be used for risk management and/or winter weather preparedness.24

23 NOAA. National Weather Service. Glossary. http://w1.weather.gov/glossary/index.php?letter=n. 02-06- 14. 24Sidney K. Sperry, SPIDI Technologies, LLC. http://www.spia-index.com/. 03-26-14. Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 40

Figure 1 – SPIA Index

Bedford, including the rest of New Hampshire and much of the Northeast, experienced an intense ice storm on December 11-12, 2008. A major disaster declared for 10 counties in New Hampshire, including Hillsborough. The damage was widespread and approximately 400,000 residents of New Hampshire lost power from the storm. Restoring power to a majority of the State took approximately 14 days and in some extreme cases it took 17 days. Residents and businesses in Bedford lost power for several days.

“It was absolutely unprecedented in devastation,” stated a PSNH spokesman. The 2008 ice storm was the worst ice storm ever recorded in New Hampshire. Bedford businesses and homeowners experienced several days without power and almost all the damage was related to utility line and pole damage.

All areas of Bedford are potentially at risk for property damage and loss of life due to ice storms. Bedford’s elevation contributes to the ice storm damage.

Moderate probability for ice storms to occur and cause damage in Bedford

Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 41

3. Hailstorms Hailstorms are characterized by showery precipitation in the form of irregular pellets or balls of ice more than five mm in diameter, falling from a cumulonimbus cloud.25

Most hailstones are smaller in diameter than a dime, but, stones weighing more than a pound have been recorded. Details of how hailstones grow are complicated, but the results are irregular balls of ice that can be as large as baseballs, sometimes even bigger. While crops are the major victims, hail is also a hazard to vehicles and windows. Hail damage events can be severe to persons, property, livestock and agriculture.

The Hail Size Description Chart developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and enhanced by other National Weather Service local sites depicts the potential size of hail during a hurricane or severe storm event. Some examples from the Hail Size Description chart include “1/2” inch=Pea Size” and “2 inches=Hen Egg Size.”

Hail Size Description Hailstone Diameter in Inches Size Description <1/4 Bb ¼ Pea Size ½ Mothball Size ¾ Penny Size 7/8 Nickel Size Severe Criteria Quarter Size 1 1 ¼ Half Dollar Size 1 ½ Walnut or Ping Pong Ball Size 1 ¾ Golf Ball Size 2 Hen Egg Size 2 ½ Tennis Ball Size 2 ¾ Baseball Size 3 Teacup Size 3 4/5 Softball Size 4 Grapefruit Size 4 ¾ CD/DVD Note: Hail size refers to the diameter of the hailstone. Sources: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Weather Service (NWS)

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) online database has recorded 45 hail storms in

25 NOAA. National Weather Service. Glossary. http://w1.weather.gov/glossary/index.php?letter=n. 02-06- 14. Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 42

Hillsborough County since 2005. Hailstone diameters recorded ranged from .75 to two inches. The database notes two events specifically occurring in Bedford on June 24, 2008 and events on August 16, 2008 and September 13, 2010 with 0.75 inch hailstones. No damages were recorded for any of the events.

All areas of Bedford are potentially at risk from this hazard.

Low to Moderate probability for hailstorms to occur and cause damage in Bedford. Probability upgraded from low due to heightened hazard occurrences.

E. Earthquakes The Bedford Hazard Mitigation Committee reviewed the following kinds of hazards related to seismic events:

1. Earthquakes An earthquake is "a series of vibrations induced in the earth’s crust by the abrupt rupture and rebound of rocks in which elastic strain has been slowly accumulating.26

Figure 2 – Northeast Seismic Activity, 1975 – October 2013

Source: Weston Observatory, Boston College In the State of New Hampshire, earthquakes are due to intraplate seismic activity, opposed to interplate activity or shifting between tectonic plates as

26 2013 State of New Hampshire Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan. Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 43

occurs in California. The causes of intraplate earthquakes have yet to be scientifically proved. One accepted explanation for the cause of intraplate "earthquakes in the Northeast are that ancient zones of weakness are being reactivated in the present-day stress field. In this model, pre-existing faults and/or other geological features formed during ancient geological episodes persist in the intraplate crust, and, by way of analogy with plate boundary seismicity, earthquakes occur when the present-day stress is released along these zones of weakness.27"

There are two scales that measure earthquakes, the Modified Mercalli (MM) and the Richter scales. The Richter scale is a measurement of magnitude of the quake as calculated by a seismograph and does not measure damage. The Modified Mercalli scale denotes the intensity of an earthquake as it is perceived by humans, their reactions, and damage created. It is not a mathematically based scale but a ranking of perception. The following table gives intensities that are typically observed at locations near the epicenter of earthquakes of different magnitudes (USGS). Figure 3- Earthquake Magnitude Scales Typical Maximum Magnitude Modified Mercalli Intensity

1.0 - 3.0 I

3.0 - 3.9 II – III

4.0 - 4.9 IV – V

5.0 - 5.9 VI – VII

6.0 - 6.9 VII – IX

7.0 and higher VIII or higher Source: USGS

One of New England’s more notable seismic zones runs from the Ossipee Mountain area of New Hampshire, through the Deerfield area, and continues south toward Boston, Massachusetts. This particular area has a mean return time of 408 years for a 6.0 Richter scale earthquake or a 39 percent probability of occurrence in 200 years. Additionally for a 6.5 Richter scale quake, there is a mean return time of 1,060 years or a 17 percent probability of occurrence in 200 years.28 The most significant historic earthquakes in New Hampshire occurred

27 Kafka, Alan. Why Does the Earth Quake in New England? August 24, 2011. https://www2.bc.edu/~kafka/Why_Quakes/why_quakes.html. 02-06-14. 28 Pulli, Jay. Seismiscity, Earthquakes Mechanisms, and Seismic Wave Attenuation in the Northeastern United States, PhD Dissertation Abstract. MIT, June 10, 1983. http://erl.mit.edu/assets/Pulli- abstract.pdf. 02-06-14. Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 44

December 20th and 24th, 1940 (epicenter just west of Ossipee, NH, 5.5 Richter scale magnitude).

A fall 2012 minor earthquake originating from the epicenter in Maine (4.0 magnitude on the Richter scale) was felt as far away as Boston. No property damage was recorded. The frequency of small earthquakes has been increasing in the past several decades. In the past 35 years, Bedford experiences a few minor tremors each year that range between 1.6 and 3.4 on the Richter scale. There were no reported damages.

All areas of Bedford have a low probability for property damage and loss of life due to earthquakes.

Low probability for earthquakes to occur and cause damage

2. Landslides

The term landslide includes a wide range of ground movement, such as rock falls, deep failure of slopes, and shallow debris flows. Although gravity acting on an over-steepened slope is the primary reason for a landslide, there are other contributing factors:

• erosion by rivers, glaciers, or ocean waves create over steepened slopes • rock and soil slopes are weakened through saturation by snowmelt or heavy rains • earthquakes create stresses that make weak slopes fail • earthquakes of magnitude 4.0 and greater have been known to trigger landslides • volcanic eruptions produce loose ash deposits, heavy rain, and debris flows • excess weight from accumulation of rain or snow, stockpiling of rock or ore, from waste piles, or from man-made structures may stress weak slopes to failure and other structures

Slope material that becomes saturated with water may develop a debris flow or mud flow. The resulting slurry of rock and mud may pick up trees, houses, and cars, thus blocking bridges and tributaries causing flooding along its path. (Source: USGS, 2015)

A landslide occurs on areas of slope, and depending on where one occurs within a community and the risk factors involved, a landslide might cause no damage or material could sweep down to roadways or homes causing severe damage. There is presently no known widely-used scale measuring the magnitude of

Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 45

landslides. However, there are several resources which might be of use to characterize landslides and help identify the risks involved. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Landslide Hazards Program identifies different types of landslides within the publication The Landslide Handbook – A Guide to Understanding Landslides 2008.

The locations of areas of steep slopes in Bedford are shown as part of the Past Hazards Map at the end of Section II. Past problems have occurred at excavation areas such as open quarry pits on Back River Road and Sebbins Pond. The sand pit on Lodge Avenue is a low risk for landside potential.

Low probability for landslides to occur and cause damage in Bedford

F. Other Hazards The Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Committee reviewed the following kinds of hazards related to these events:

1. Radon Radon is a radioactive gas with carcinogenic properties that occurs naturally. It has been identified as a problem in many New Hampshire communities. Typically the radon is found in some metamorphic rocks in southeastern New Hampshire and may enter homes in a dissolved state through the drinking water from drilled wells. The NH Office of Community and Public Health Bureau of Radiological Health, reports nearly one third of New Hampshire homes have radon levels at or above the United States Environmental Protection Agencies “action level” of four picocuries per liter for at least a portion of the year.29

The potential magnitude of a hazard event, also referred to as the extent, scale or strength of a disaster, provides a measurement of how large and significant a hazard came become. Radon is a life-threatening gas to people, either through air or water exposure. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set indoor air quality standard risk levels for radon based on whether a person has smoked or not within their lifetime. The measured radon levels and lung cancer death risk numbers on the Table blow are based off the recommended maximum exposure of 4 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) as described in the EPA’s A Citizen’s Guide to Radon. Indoor air quality risks of radon exposure measure the magnitude of radon in homes by picocuries per liter (pCi/L) and lung cancer death.

29 New Hampshire Office of Community and Public Health, Bureau of Environmental & Occupational Health. June 11, 2004. http://des.nh.gov/organization/divisions/air/pehb/ehs/radon/documents/search_answers.pdf Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 46

Indoor Air Quality Risks of Radon Exposure

Radon Level If 1,000 people who The risk of cancer WHAT TO DO: never smoked were from radon exposure exposed to this level compares to**…. over a lifetime*…. 20 pCi/L About 36 people 35 times the risk of Fix home could get lung cancer drowning (Smokers – 260) 10 pCi/L About 18 people 20 times the risk of Fix home could get lung cancer dying in a home fire (Smokers – 150) 8 pCi/L About 15 people 4 times the risk of Fix home could get lung cancer dying in a fall (Smokers – 120) 4 pCi/L About 7 people could The risk of dying in a Fix home get lung cancer car crash (Smokers – 62) 2 pCi/L About 4 people could The risk of dying from Consider fixing home get lung cancer poison between 2 and 4 (Smokers - 32) pCi/L 1.3 pCi/L About 2 people could Average indoor radon Reducing radon levels get lung cancer level below 2 pCi/L is (Smokers – 20) difficult 0.4 pCi/L Smokers – 3 Average outdoor Reducing radon levels radon level below 2 pCi/L is difficult *Lifetime risk of lung cancer deaths from EPA Assessment of Risks from Radon in Homes (EPA 402-R-03-003). **Comparison data calculated using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s 1999-2001 National Center for Injury Prevention and Control Reports. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA)

All areas of Bedford should be considered at risk for radon. Radon affects a number of homes in Bedford.

High probability for radon to occur and cause damage in Bedford

2. Drought In the past, New Hampshire has been under drought warnings. While a drought is not as devastating as some other hazards, low water levels can have a negative effect on existing and future home sites, since many sites depend on groundwater for water needs. Additionally, the dry conditions of a drought may lead to an increase wildfire risk.

Drought conditions can be found in the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), which measures the balance between moisture demand and moisture supply in the form of cumulative monthly moisture conditions. There is the Keetch-Byram Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 47

Drought Index designed specifically for fire potential assessment, a measurement of cumulative moisture deficiency relating to flammability of organic material in the ground. The U.S. Drought Monitor measure the weekly drought intensity of NH counties (and nationwide) on an intensity scale of DO (Abnormally Dry) to D4 (Exceptional Drought.

New Hampshire breaks the State into five Drought Management Areas, including three along the southern portion of the State. Bedford is in the Southern Interior (i.e. Hillsborough County and Rockingham County). Federal agencies have coordinated to develop the National Drought Monitor which classifies the duration and severity of the drought using precipitation, stream flow, and soil moisture data coupled with information provided on a weekly basis from local officials. The NH Drought Management, part of DES, utilizes these maps to help determine which areas of significant impact. NH DES maintains a “Situation Summary” where precipitation, stream flow, groundwater level, lake level and fire danger data from all over the state can be accessed to assess if areas in NH are being impacted by drought. (NH Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2013)

There are five magnitudes of drought in the NH State Drought Management Plan ranging from Exceptional to Extreme, Severe, Moderate and Abnormally Dry. In regard to recurrence intervals, there have been one year recurrence intervals for the Moderate level drought; two year recurrence interval for the Severe level drought; nine years for the Extreme level; and greater than 25 years for the Exceptional level in the Southern Interior Area. Between the years of 1950-2010 the following years have had an Extreme drought in this Area: 1957, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1970 (no data in the 1970s-1990s), 2001 and 2010. (NH Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2013)

All areas of Bedford would be affected by a drought. Bedford has experienced droughts in 1999, 2001 and 2003.

Moderate probability for drought to occur and cause damage in Bedford

3. Extreme Heat Extreme heat is an occasional and short-lived event in Southern New Hampshire. While there have been no extended periods of extreme heat in Bedford, New Hampshire has seen a significant increase in mean annual temperature over the past 50 years.30 By the end of this century, an extreme heat event that currently occurs once every 20 years could occur every two to four years in most parts of

30 Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study. November 2006. http://www.hubbardbrook.org/research/climate/vadeboncoeur06.htm Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 48

the country. This example is based on how the climate is expected to change under a high greenhouse gas emissions scenario.31

Figure 4 – Projected Number of Years Between Extreme Heat Events in the U.S.

Source: Karl, T.R., J.M. Melillo, and T.C. Peterson (eds.). 2009. Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States.

Most recently, New Hampshire experienced several heat waves during the summer of 2013.

All areas of Bedford would be affected by extreme heat, in its event. Particular areas and populations at a greater risk are: • Elderly populations and day care centers, identified in the “Areas at Risk” listing at the end of this section; • Power system may become overburdened; • Communications negatively affected by power burden.

Low probability for extreme heat to occur and cause damage in Bedford

GIS-generated maps were prepared to illustrate Past and Potential Hazards, Areas at Risk and Critical Facilities as identified by the Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Committee. These maps are included at the end of this section, following the summary listings of “Critical Facilities” and “Areas at Risk.”

31 Karl, T.R., J.M. Melillo, and T.C. Peterson (eds.). 2009. Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States. Cambridge University Press, New York. Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 49

Town of Bedford, New Hampshire Critical Facilities

The following are emergency equipment or areas that are needed to respond at the time of a natural disaster. Applicable hazard areas for each Critical Facility are keyed in parenthesis. Key (F) Located within the Special Flood Hazard Area and/or prone to flooding and damage due to 100-year floodplain events, ice jams, debris impacted infrastructure, hurricanes or rapid snow pack melt.

(S) Located on or adjacent to a Steep Slope and susceptible to damage in the event of erosion, mudslides or landslides.

(X) Located in or near a known past or potential wildfire location

(T) Susceptible to Town wide hazard risks such as wind damage from hurricanes, tornados, nor’easters, downbursts, lightning, heavy snow or ice storms or hailstorms.

Town Offices Bridges (F, T) 24 North Amherst Road (F, T) Bridges are shown on the Critical Facilities Map at the end of this section. Safety Complex Police and Fire Departments 55 Constitution Drive (T)

Emergency Management 55 Constitution Drive (T)

Emergency Fuel Facilities Bedford Public Works, Bedford Town Offices, 24 North Amherst Road 19 Chubbuck Lane (T)

Public Works Garage 19 Chubbuck Lane (T)

Evacuation Routes U.S. I-293 (F, S, T) N.H. Route 101 (F, S, T) Bedford Fire Department, 55 Constitution Drive N.H. Route 114 (F, S, T) Route 3/F.E. Everett Tpke. (S, T)

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230 New Boston Road, hook-up for portable generator (T) • Bedford Ambulatory Surgical Center, 11 Washington Place (T) • Lowes, 222 S River Road (T) (S) • Target, 220 S River Road (T) (S) • Bentley Commons, 66 Hawthorne Bedford Public Works, 19 Chubbuck Lane Drive (T)

• Country Inn and Suites, 250 Back-up Electrical Generators South River Road (T) • Town Offices, 24 North Amherst • Road(T) Hannaford’s, 4 Jenkins Road (T) • • Bedford Middle/High School, 47 Daniel Webster Animal Hospital, 5 Nashua Road(T) Hawthorne Drive (T)

• Carlyle Place, 40 Route 101 (S, T) Shelters

• Bedford Middle/High School, 47 • Arbors of Bedford, Nashua Road (T) 70 Hawthorne Drive (T) • Riddle Brook School, • Town Library, 3 Meetinghouse 230 New Boston Road (T) Road (T) • Safety Complex, • Bedford Community Television, 55 Constitution Drive, Back-up 10 Meetinghouse Road (T) power available (T) • Sewer Pump Stations, 43 • St. Elizabeth Seton Church and Constitution Drive (T) Rectory, 190 Meetinghouse Road, • Medical Offices, 5,9, and 11 Back-up power available (T) Washington Place (T) • Bedford Town Library, 3

Meetinghouse Road, Nursing Homes: cooling/warming station • Ridgewood Center,

25 Ridgewood Road (T) Post Office • Harbor Side Healthcare, • 25 South River Road (T) 30 Colby Court (T) • Substation at Harvest Market, • Laurel Center, 209 Route 101 (F, T) 480 Donald Street (T)

• Bedford Falls, Hospitals/Ambulance 5 Corporate Drive (T) In Bedford:

• CMC Urgent Care Other locations: 5 Washington Place, Suite 1B • Safety Complex with tow-behind • Bedford Ambulatory Surgical unit (T) Center, 11 Washington Place (T) • Public Works Garage with tow-

behind unit (T)

• Riddle Brook School, Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 51

In Manchester: • Flagpole Booster, 188 Rte. 101 (F, T) • VA Medical Center, • Mobil Station, 470 Rte. 101 (T) 718 Smyth Road • Elliot Hospital • Catholic Medical Center Radio Towers • Public Works Department, Wireless Communication Facilities 19 Chubbuck Road (T) • Cell Tower, 37 Ridgewood Rd (T) • Safety Complex, • Cell Tower, 328 Route 101 (T) 55 Constitution Drive (T) • Cell Tower, Chestnut Drive Lot • 233 South River 20-22-9 (S, T) Road (T) (Same as Old Station • Cell Tower, 55 Constitution Drive Road identified on map for (Safety Complex) (T) flooding) • Cell Tower, South River Road (T)

Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 52

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P t r r C Rd o cto L r R n d Power s Cir µ (! The town of Bedford and the SNHPC make no representations or Merrimack guaranties to the accuracy of the features and designations of this map.

Map produced by SNHPC August 2013.

This map is designed as part of the Towns Hazard Mitigation Plan and is for planning purposes only. It is not to be used for legal boundary determinations or for regulatory purposes.

Areas at Risk The following are emergency equipment or areas not needed to respond at the time of a natural disaster, but which could still be threatened if a natural disaster were to occur. Applicable hazard areas for each Critical Facility are keyed in parenthesis. Key (F) Located within the Special Flood Hazard Area and/or prone to flooding and damage due to 100-year floodplain events, ice jams, debris impacted infrastructure, hurricanes or rapid snow pack melt.

(S) Located on or adjacent to a Steep Slope and susceptible to damage in the event of erosion, mudslides or landslides.

(X) Located in or near a known past or potential wildfire location

(T) Susceptible to Town wide hazard risks such as wind damage from hurricanes, tornados, nor’easters, downbursts, lightning, heavy snow or ice storms or hailstorms.

Public Water Systems • 101 Plaza, Route 101 (F, T) • 32 Constitution Drive (S, T) • 35 Constitution Drive (S, T) • Animal Rescue League of NH, 545 Route 101 (S, T)

• Bainbridge Park, Bedford Area Work Center for PSNH 18 Constitution Drive (T) • PSNH, Bedford Area Work Center, 12 Bellemore Drive (F, T) • Bedford Presbyterian Church, 4 Church Road (F, T) • Bedford Village Morning School, 19 Ministerial Road (T) • Bedford Village Shops, Route 101 (T)

• Bedford West Convenience Bethany Covenant Church, 1 Covenant Way Center, Route 101 (F, T) • Bethany Covenant Church, 1 Covenant Way (S, T) • Camp Allen, Camp Allen Rd (S, T) • Camp Foster, Camp Allen Rd (S, T) • Camp Kettleford, Camp Allen Rd (S, T) • Dr. Dunn Dental Office, English Woods Water Pumping Station, Bell Hill Road (T) White Ave.

Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 53

• Eastpointe Properties, 436 South River Road (S, T) Problem Culverts • English Woods (public water • Meadow Road (F, T) service), White Avenue (F, T) • Beals Rd at McQuade Brook (F, T) • Enviro-Tote Inc., 4 Cote Lane (T) • Catesby Lane (F, T) • Back River and Smith roads (F, T) Sewer Pumping Stations • 184 Nashua Road (T, F) • 43 Constitution Drive (T) • 51 Wendover Way (T, F) • 2 Village Inn Lane (T) • 47 Oak Drive (T, F) • 169 South River Road (T) • Whippoorwill Lane (T, F) • Station Road, Lot 23-3-1 (F, S, T) • Wathen Road/Eastman Avenue • Moore’s Crossing Road, Privately (F, T) owned, not in operation (T) • Commerce Drive, Lot 24-98-21 (T) Electrical Power Substations • 10 Iron Horse Drive (S, T) • Meetinghouse Road (F, S, T) • Crimson Glory Ln, Rose Hill (T) • Moore’s Crossing (T) • 47 Nashua Road • 55 Station Road (T, F) • 108 Liberty Hill • Market Basket, Donald Street

Water Pumping Stations • 103 County Road (T) • Donald Street (T) • 1 Cooper Drive

Sewer Metering Station Electrical Power Substation, Meetinghouse Road • South end of Alpine Street (T)

Schools Sewer Interceptor and Mains • Memorial School, • See Critical Facilities Map (T) 55 Old Bedford Road (S, T)

• McKelvie School, Gas Mains (see Critical Fac’s Map) 108 Liberty Hill Road (T) • S. River Rd, County Rd, DW Hwy & • Peter Woodbury School, some branches off these roads (T) 180 County Road (S, T)

• Major Highways/Roadways Riddle Brook School, • U.S. I-293 (F, S, T) 230 New Boston Road (T) • • N.H. 101 (F, S, T) Supt. Office, 103 County Road (T) • • N.H. 114 (F, S, T) Lurgio Middle School / Bedford High School, 47 Nashua Road(T) • Route 3/South River Road (S, T)

• Airport Access Road (Raymond

Wieczorek Drive)

Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 54

Child Care Centers • Bedford Village Morning School, 19 Ministerial Road (T)Bright Horizons, 54 Constitution Drive (T) • Kinder Care Learning Center, 3 Upjohn Street (T) • Lamb’s Workshop, 1 Covenant Way (S, T) • Learning Adventures Early Childhood Center, Memorial School, 55 Old Bedford Road

51 Old Bedford Road (S, T) • Montessori School of Bedford, 24 Tirrell Hill Road (T) • My Second Home, 447 Donald Street (T) • Nanny Solution, Inc. (T) • New Morning School, 23 Back River Road (T) • New Morning School, Riddle McKelvie School, 108 Liberty Hill Road Brook Elementary School, New

Boston Road (T) • New Morning School, Memorial Elementary School, 55 Old Bedford Road (T) • New Morning School, Peter Woodbury School, 180 County Road (S, T) • Rainbowland Child Development Center, 3 Rundlett Hill Road (T) Peter Woodbury School, 180 County Road Churches • St. Elizabeth Seton Church and Rectory, 190 Meetinghouse Road (T) • Bethany Covenant Church, 1 Covenant Way (S, T) • Bedford Community Church, 56 Old Bedford Road (T)

• Bedford Four Square Church, Montessori School of Bedford, Station Road (T) 24 Tirrell Hill Road

Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 55

• Bedford Presbyterian Church, Recreation Areas 4 Church Road (F, T) • Camp Allen (S, T) • Seventh Day Adventist Church, • Camp Kettleford (S, T) Back River Road (T) • Foster Day Camp (S, T) • McKelvie School(T) Alzheimer’s Facilities • Arbors of Bedford, 70 Hawthorne Drive South (T) • Bedford Falls, 5 Corporate Drive (T)

Nursing Homes • Harborside Healthcare- Northwood, 30 Colby Court (T) • Rainbow Child Development Center, The Laurel Center, 3 Rundlett Hill Road 480 Donald Street (T) • Ridgewood Center, 25 Ridgewood (T) • The Arbors of Bedford, 70 Hawthorne Drive (T)

Independent Elderly Housing # of Units • Carleton Crossing, 28 10 Colby Court (S, T) • Pine Village Estates, 24 Bedford Presbyterian Church, 45 Ridgewood Rd. (T) Church Road • Briston Manor West 70 37 Ridgewood Road (T, S)

Assisted Living • Carlyle Place, 40 Route 101 (S, T) • Bently Commons, 66 Hawthorne Drive (T) • Bedford Falls, 5 Corporate Drive (T) • Riverwalk, St. Elizabeth Seton Church and Rectory, 66 Hawthorne Drive (T) 190 Meetinghouse Road

Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 56

• Heritage Trail, Town of Bedford (T) • Earl Legacy Park, Town of Bedford (T) • Pulpit Rock Conservation Area, Town of Bedford (S, X, T) • Mueller Park (T)

Carleton Crossing, 10 Colby Court

• Memorial Elem. School (S, T) • Joppa Hill Farm • Office Fields, SAU • Middle School and High School Fields • Peter Woodbury School (S, T) • Bedford Recreation Area (T) Carlyle Place Assisted Living, 40 Route 101 • Bedford Bluffs Inc. (T) • Manchester Country Club (T) • Reeds Ferry State Forest, • Ann DeNicola Memorial Playground • Bedford Village Common • Bedford Heritage Trail • Bedford Memorial Town Pool • Benedictine Park Briston Manor West Assisted Living, • Earl G. Legacy Park 37 Ridgewood • Goad’s Trail Conservation Property • Greenfield Farms • Little League Complex • McAfee Practice Field • Muller Park • Pulpit Rock Conservation Area • Riddle Brook School • Riley Field Complex

• Riverfront Recreation Area Manchester Country Club, 180 S. River Road • Van Loan Preserve • Waterfowl Park • Riley Field, Nashua Road (T) • Bedford Pool & Bathhouse, Town of Bedford (T) Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 57

Riley Field, Nashua Road

• Bedford Soccer League Fields (T) • Benedictine Land (T) • Ash Bog Trail (F, T) • Horseshoe Trail (T) • McAfree Farm Practice Field (T) • Swenson Fields

Unique or Historic Resources The following structures and places are unique or historic in Bedford: • Bedford Historic District, Town Center (F, S, T) • Town Hall (F, T) • Presbyterian Church (F, T)

Solid Waste/Municipal Recycling Facility/Transfer Station • Bedford Transfer Station, 77 Chubbuck Road (T) • Bedford Municipal Landfill, 77 Chubbuck Road32 (T)

32 Landfill capped in 1995. Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 58

¨¦§293 ¨¦§93

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This map is designed as part of the Towns Hazard Mitigation Plan and is for planning purposes only. It is not to be used for legal boundary determinations or for regulatory purposes.

Active Dams (As of June 2013)33

See Appendix C for New Hampshire Dam Classification Schedule (F, T) Dam Map-Block-Lot Dam Name Waterway Type Owner Rating Street Address Woodbury Estate Bowman Brook Concrete Coldstream Park S 12-30 Pond Condo 116 S. River Road

Upper Wayfarer Bowman Brook Earth JIT Hotel, LLC NM 12-32 Dam S. River Road

Lower Wayfarer Bowman Brook Concrete JIT Hotel, LLC L 12-32 Dam 121 S. River Road

Kamen Geo- N/A N/A Dean Kamen L 33-46-20 Thermal Pond Dam 15 Westwind Drive

Farm Pond McQuade Brook Earth Jerome Walker NM 5-4 475 New Boston Road

Bark Mill Brook Bark Mill Brook Concrete Courville Mgt. NM 13-35 Dam Service 40 Route 101

Apple Orchards N/A Earth Benjamin Enter. NM N/A Estate Dam

Burleigh Dam Riddle Brook Earth/ Town of Bedford NM 14-50-14 (Vacant lot) Concrete Riddle Drive

Stone Dam N/A Earth Elizabeth Stone NM 20-56 19 N. Amherst Road

Recreation N/A Earth/ Wayne Williams NM 27-38-10 Pond Concrete 10 Maiden Lane

Stowell Pond Baboosic Brook Concrete Warren and Brian NM 41-12-6 A. Sealander 97 Stowell Road

Bowman Brook Tributary to N/A Gregory and Gal NM 1-79 Tributary Dam Bowman Brook Sicco 71 Whippoorwill Way

Lenz Mill McQuade Brook N/A Russell Brown NM 7-32 350 Joppa Hill Rd

Lyscars Pond Tributary to N/A Atherstone NM 13-13-19 Dam McQuade Brook Home Owners Elizabeth Way Association

Please see Appendix A for a list of the Commercial Economic Impact Areas and Appendix B for Hazardous Materials Facilities located in Bedford.

33 Dams not rated are not shown, nor are fire ponds, detention ponds or runoff sites. Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 59

SECTION III - EXISTING MITIGATION STRATEGIES AND PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS

Description of Existing Programs The Town of Bedford has adopted several programs and ordinances for hazard mitigation. They are listed here.

Floodplain Development District (zoning) Floodplain Development District regulations apply to all lands designated as Special Flood Hazard Areas by FEMA in its Flood Insurance Study for the Town of Bedford, N.H., together with the associated Digital Flood Insurance Rate Maps dated September 25, 2009. The Building Inspector shall review all building permit applications for new construction or substantial improvements to determine whether proposed building sites will be reasonably safe from flooding.

Elevation Certificates An Elevation Certificate is required when (1) a structure is built or substantially improved within a known flood zone, or (2) if the flood map shows a part of the lot within the flood zone and the certified foundation plan shows the house is located within the flood zone. The land surveyor must supply the footing elevation.

Excavation Regulations (Land Development Control Regulations) Excavation Regulations minimize safety hazards created by open excavations; safeguard the public health and welfare; preserve the natural assets of soil, water, forests, and wildlife; maintain aesthetic features of the environment; prevent land and water pollution; and promote soil stabilization.

Emergency Operations Plan Bedford maintains an Emergency Operations Plan. The latest update of this plan was adopted May 26, 2010. The plan describes the Town Departments’ duties as well as the personnel and equipment available during an emergency. The town is currently in the process of updating the plan.

Amoskeag Development Emergency Action Plan The Amoskeag Dam is located on the Merrimack River near the Amoskeag Bridge in Manchester. The Amoskeag Hydro Project Inundation Map indicates approximately one mile of shoreline in Bedford that could be affected if the dam fails. The Amoskeag Development Emergency Action Plan was last updated during December 2001. The dam is owned and operated by Public Service of New Hampshire. The inundation map is located in the pocket in the back cover of this document.

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Evacuation and Notification The Bedford Emergency Operations Plan addresses evacuation procedures for emergency notification and routes to be taken.

State Dam Program Bedford maintains any Town-owned dams in coordination with the State Dam Program. Town Detention Ponds may be classified as dams.

Road Design Standards (NH DOT and Local) Bedford maintains road design regulations (NH Department of Transportation standards) as part of the Town’s Subdivision Regulations. Land Development Control Regulations control the peak rate of discharge of storm water runoff from development under post-development conditions. The discharge shall not exceed that of the predevelopment condition unless it can be demonstrated that no off-site adverse impacts will result, or appropriate flowage easements have been secured.

New Hampshire Shoreland Protection Act The Shoreland Protection Act, adopted during 1994 and updated in 2011, establishes minimum standards for the future subdivision, use, and development of all shore lands within 250 feet of the ordinary high water mark. When repairs, improvements or expansions are proposed to existing development, the law requires these alterations to be consistent with the intent of the Act. The N.H. Department of Environmental Services is responsible for enforcing the standards within the protected shoreland, unless a community adopts an ordinance or shoreland provisions that are equal to or more stringent than the Act.

Best Management Practices The State has established Best Management Practices for erosion and sediment control. These BMPs are methods, measures or practices to prevent or reduce water pollution, including, but not limited to structural and nonstructural controls, operation and maintenance procedures, and other requirements and scheduling and distribution of activities. Usually, BMPs are applied as a system of practices rather than a single practice. BMPs are selected because of site- specific conditions that reflect natural background conditions.

Back-up Electrical Generators Back-up electrical generators are located at the Town Offices, the Middle/High School, Safety Complex, Town Library, Bedford Community Television, all nursing homes, and the Department of Public Works. Riddle Brook School has a hook-up for a portable generator. The Safety Complex and the Department of Public Works also each have a tow-behind generator.

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Town Radio System The Central Dispatch Center is located at the Safety Complex, coordinating police, fire and public works.

Hazardous Materials Regulations The Town of Bedford enforces State of New Hampshire regulations regarding hazardous materials along with local town ordinances. Residential Hazardous Materials collection days are also scheduled throughout the year.

International Building Code (IBC), Local Building Code and National Fire Protection Association Code (NFPA) The Town enforces the IBC, the local building code, and the NFPA Code. These codes regulate construction to assure the safety of building occupants post construction.

Steep Slopes and Class VI Roads Steep slopes in excess of 25 percent and Class VI roads are regulated by the Town’s Land Development Control Regulations.

Comprehensive Emergency Management Planning for Schools Procedures are based upon the guidelines presented to the school district by NH Homeland Security and Emergency Management.

Wellhead Protection Program The Wellhead Protection Program includes a 75-foot protection area around the wellhead, per the NH Department of Environmental Services.

Wetlands Regulations The wetlands regulations contained within the zoning ordinance protect wetlands, and include a 50-foot wetlands setback beyond the boundary of each wetland.

Hazmat Response The Hazmat response depends on continued reliance on mutual aid, and is guided by the SMART (Souhegan Mutual Aid Response Team) Committee.

Existing Protection Matrix The Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Committee has developed a summary matrix of existing strategies that support hazard mitigation efforts (presented on the following pages). This matrix, a summary of the preceding information, includes the type of existing protection (Column 1), a description of the existing protection (Column 2), the area of town affected (Column 3), the effectiveness and/or enforcement of the strategy (Column 4), the identified improvements or changes needed (Column 5) and the most recent updates (Column 6).

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Existing Protection Policies, Programs and Proposed Improvements for the Town of Bedford

IMPROVEMENTS OR TYPE OF EFFECTIVENESS CHANGES NEEDED EXISTING AREA OF (Rating definitions can be ENFORCEMENT PROTECTION DESCRIPTION TOWN found below this table) 2015 COVERED Update

Floodplain Guides development All lands • Building Good Flood mapping completed. Development in the floodplain to prevent designated as Inspector Dam mapping deferred – not District (Zoning increased risk to existing special flood • Planning Board Dam release GIS enough information/data at Ordinance) buildings in the SFHAs hazard by mapping incomplete this time. FEMA Zoning Ordinance updated in March 2007

Elevation Required for Certificate of Floodplain Building Inspector Good Local authority is responsible Certificates Occupancy for all new areas for enforcing this ordinance. It construction/substantial Ordinance is working as is periodically reviewed and improvements in SFHAs prescribed. updated as required. Wetland Protects wetlands and All lands • Building Good Local authority is responsible Regulations includes 50-foot wetlands Inspector for enforcing this ordinance. It setback beyond the boundary • Planning and Ordinance meets all is periodically reviewed and of each wetland Zoning Board state/federal updated as required. • Conservation requirements Ordinance is working as Commission described.

Emergency Describes Town depts. & All areas of Last updated Good Update in Progress - Operations Plan personnel duties & Town during 2010 anticipated completion date (EOP) equipment available during Plan meets all late 2015. an emergency state/federal requirements.

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IMPROVEMENTS OR TYPE OF EFFECTIVENESS CHANGES NEEDED EXISTING AREA OF (Rating definitions can be ENFORCEMENT PROTECTION DESCRIPTION TOWN found below this table) 2015 COVERED Update

Good Evacuation procedures with Contained within Evacuation and All areas of emergency notification and EOP, Plan meets all Update of EOP in Progress Notification Town routes last updated 2010 state/federal requirements. Good All Low Maintenance of Town-owned NH State Dam Hazard Class Program is working as dams in coordination with the NH DES Program meets all Program dams in described. State Dam Program state/federal Bedford requirements. Local authority is responsible Good for enforcing this ordinance. It NH DOT standards and Town • Planning Board Road Design All new is periodically reviewed and Land Development Control • Dept. of Public Ordinance meets all Standards subdivisions updated as required. Regulations Works state/federal Ordinance is working as requirements. described. Standards for use of all Good protected shorelands within Merrimack • Planning and Shoreland Ordinance is working as 250 feet of the ordinary high River Zoning Board Ordinance meets all Protection Act described. water mark of state public Sebbins Pond • NH DES state/federal waters requirements. State guidelines for sediment • State of NH Good and erosion control; • Dept. of Public Best Management protection of natural All areas of Program is working as Works Program meets all Practices (BMPs) environment & prevention of Town described • Planning & state/federal potential damage due to poor Zoning Boards requirements. construction methods

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IMPROVEMENTS OR TYPE OF EFFECTIVENESS CHANGES NEEDED EXISTING AREA OF (Rating definitions can be ENFORCEMENT PROTECTION DESCRIPTION TOWN found below this table) 2015 COVERED Update

Excellent • Fire Dept. Generation needs for shelters Back-up electrical power for All areas of Generators • Dept. of Public All updates and in the Town of Bedford are shelters and additions Town Works additions are complete. currently met.

Continuously being upgraded with newest technology. New Excellent tower located on NH Rt. 101. Town Radio Communications between fire, All areas of Emergency New communication Center System police, emergency services Town personnel Upgrade radio system for Police in 2013. New (Fire/Police/EMS Depts.) Radios for all P.D. and their cruisers. Backup dispatch in emergency command vehicle. Local authority is responsible Good for enforcing this ordinance. It Hazardous State regulations administered All areas of Police, Fire is periodically reviewed and Materials Ordinance meets all by Town Town Departments updated as required. Regulations state/federal Ordinance is working as requirements. described. Local authority is responsible Regulates construction of • Building Good for enforcing this ordinance. It IBC, Local buildings and fire protection; Inspector All areas of is periodically reviewed and Building Codes set a minimum standard of • Code Ordinance meets all Town updated as required. and NFPA protection to building Enforcement state/federal Ordinance is working as occupants • NFPA requirements. described.

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IMPROVEMENTS OR TYPE OF EFFECTIVENESS CHANGES NEEDED EXISTING AREA OF (Rating definitions can be ENFORCEMENT PROTECTION DESCRIPTION TOWN found below this table) 2015 COVERED Update

Local authority is responsible Excellent Wellhead protected by a 75- for enforcing this ordinance. It Wellhead foot radius to prevent All areas of is periodically reviewed and Protection Building Inspector Ordinance meets all contamination of drinking Town updated as required. Program state/federal water sources Ordinance is working as requirements. described. Excellent

Continue training and Comprehensive Established an emergency planning in 2014. Emergency Education for school teachers, Free program emergency planning Regional scenario-based Management administrators and children All schools offered by NH committee and training in progress and Planning for for emergency situations HSEM completed an active evacuation procedures Schools (CEMPS) shooter scenario-based scheduled. training. More training planned for 2014. Local authority is responsible Good Land Development Control Slopes for enforcing this ordinance. It Steep Slopes & Regulations set standards to considered • Town Council is periodically reviewed and Class VI roads Ordinance meets all prevent erosion, mudslides, over 25% and • Planning Board updated as required. regulations state/federal etc. Class VI roads Ordinance is working as requirements. described

Good Continued dependence on

Haz-Mat mutual aid (SMART Mutual All areas of Fire Department Plan meets all Plan is working as described Response Plan Aid Response Plan Town state/federal Committee) requirements.

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IMPROVEMENTS OR TYPE OF EFFECTIVENESS CHANGES NEEDED EXISTING AREA OF (Rating definitions can be ENFORCEMENT PROTECTION DESCRIPTION TOWN found below this table) 2015 COVERED Update

Local authority is responsible Good Excavation Land Development Control for enforcing this ordinance. It • Planning Board Regulations Regulations set standards to All areas of is periodically reviewed and • Code Ordinance meets all minimize risks associated Town updated as required. Enforcement state/federal with excavation Ordinance is working as requirements. described Amoskeag Shoreline Good Development adjacent to Eversource Discusses area of shoreline Emergency Merrimack (formerly Public Plan meets all potentially affected by breach Plan is working as described. Action Plan River as Service of New state/federal or failure of dam indicated on Hampshire) requirements. map Rating Definitions: Poor….The policy, plan or mutual aid system does not work as well as it should and often falls short of meeting its goals. Fair….The policy, plan or mutual aid system does not work as well as it should and sometimes falls short of meeting its goals. Good….The policy, plan or mutual aid system works very well and is achieving its goals. Excellent….The policy, plan or mutual aid system works and often exceeds its goals.

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Summary of Recommended Improvements

The Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Committee recommends the following improvements to existing mitigation programs34:

Floodplain Development Ordinance • Map of dam release waters on GIS from any upstream facilities to show the effects on Bedford.

2015 Update: Town has not had sufficient staff or resources to complete this in the past five years, but this is still an important project and the town will work to complete by 2019. Maps done as part of the Amoskeag Development Emergency Action Plan are included as an attachment to this Plan.

Town Radio System • Upgrade radio system (Fire/Police/EMS Depts.)

2015 Update: Continuously being upgraded with newest technology. New tower located on Rt. 101. New communication Center for Police in 2013. New Radios for all P.D. and their cruisers. Backup dispatch in emergency command vehicle.

Comprehensive Emergency Management Planning for Schools (CEMPS) • Complete development of emergency plan. • Provide training for appropriate staff.

2015 Update: Continue training and emergency planning in 2015. Regional scenario-based training in progress and evacuation procedures scheduled.

FEMA recommends that the town should evaluate how existing mitigation actions’ priorities changed or did change after the Plan was previously approved by asking the following questions:

• Did the action(s) meet its intended goal/objectives? • Was/were the mitigation actions/projects successful or a failure during a disaster? • Did action change due to political reasons, financial, legal or disaster conditions?

34 More specific details on each recommended improvement can be found in Section V “Prioritized Implementation Schedule and Funding Sources.” Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 68

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The following is the 2009 Prioritized Implementation Schedule and Funding Sources with a 2015 update:

2009 Prioritized Implementation Schedule and Funding Sources (Deferred and continued actions shaded in gray)

MITIGATION PRIORITY WHO HOW ACTION # COST/BENEFIT STATUS 2015 UPDATE35 ACTION POINTS (LEADERSHIP) (FUNDING) An inventory and analysis of culvert Implement culvert and conditions will allow Completed Town completed inventory bridge inventory & DPW, 1 the Town to decrease 38 DPW, NHDOT and in January 2012 and will be analysis, reporting NHDOT flooding and plan for Deferred update it annually conditions of each culvert repair and replacement Develop culvert and Maintaining culverts bridge maintenance will deter flooding and Town established the program to ensure the increase the life of the Completed program and will complete longevity of the DPW, 2 infrastructure for a 37 DPW, NHDOT and it in the fall 2016. Town infrastructure and NHDOT number of years Deferred will update the inventory minimize potential annually. damage in the event of a disaster A website is inexpensive to develop A link to FEMA's official Develop a website for and can provide critical website will be added. floodplain information, information to the Planning, 2015 priority list. The 3 36 Deferred. Local, FEMA both general and town public. This website can Building, IT Town will complete the based info be developed by local task in fall 2015. Lack of staff with the assistance time and resources. of FEMA

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MITIGATION PRIORITY WHO HOW ACTION # COST/BENEFIT STATUS 2015 UPDATE35 ACTION POINTS (LEADERSHIP) (FUNDING) A meeting between the School District, Fire Department and Police Department is necessary to determine Coordination between what the emergency Completed in September School District and shelter needs of the 2010. Generation needs Emergency Services to town are and for School District, 4 35 Completed Town Budget have been met for determine further obtaining the necessary Fire, Police emergency shelter generation needs at equipment to provide purposes emergency shelters the town with emergency shelters that can function at full capacity should a situation arise for this need Develop maintenance Clogged ponds cause program for additional flooding, Town continually detention/retention while proper Local, Completed implements the program; ponds & identify maintenance reduces Developers, 5 35 DPW, Private and and as a result, experiences locations of existing & flooding. Property Deferred less clogging and flooding. potential new facilities Owners Completion fall 2016. as required to lessen clogging & flooding Gives Town the ability Deferred due to lack of Develop storm water to use existing GIS time and resources. 2015 6 drainage maps for GIS 35 DPW Deferred Local system to locate storm priority list. Completion applications water drainage points Summer 2016.

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MITIGATION PRIORITY WHO HOW ACTION # COST/BENEFIT STATUS 2015 UPDATE35 ACTION POINTS (LEADERSHIP) (FUNDING)

Hazardous spill events Develop a transportation can be better managed hazard identification Deferred – handled on a through a system that system for major “case by case” basis; Town identifies the hazard routes(101/114/I-293) Police, Fire, has not identified 7 and predicts the 35 Deferred Local, State for future hazardous NHDOT permanent emergency hazard's characteristics spill events/anticipate routes. 2015 priority list. and potential hazard contamination Completion fall 2018 contamination areas. characteristics and area

Develop a tree maintenance program, minimize risk of Could be accomplished unhealthy trees being by Town workers, DPW Implemented. Risk has blown over in wind Completed within existing budget, DPW, PSNH, Local, State, diminished as a result of 8 events or swept by 35 and along with other NHDOT Private past work. floods or landslides and Deferred. agencies. Completion fall 2016. creating damage to

public utilities, homes and other structures/infrastructure

Education for residents Deferred - provide a link on flood mitigation by Local staff can develop to FEMA's flood mitigation distributing information program(s) for Planning and resources; few property through either mailings, 9 residents 35 Building Local owners would be affected. local newspaper articles Departments Deferred. Lack of time and or local access television resources. programming, or other Completion fall 2018. appropriate methods

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MITIGATION PRIORITY WHO HOW ACTION # COST/BENEFIT STATUS 2015 UPDATE35 ACTION POINTS (LEADERSHIP) (FUNDING)

Systematic approach Annual maintenance is will enable the Town to Plan for the acquisition completed on schedule. plan for cistern of needed new cisterns Local, Developers will provide 10 locations thus saving 32 Fire, Planning Completed. & maintenance of Developers new cisterns at start of unnecessary existing cisterns construction. Regular expenditures maintenance - fall 2016.

Acquire GIS data for Inexpensive method to floodplain mapping; incorporate floodplain FEMA/NFIP approved mapping with other Planning Local, 11 Digital FIRMS or GIS data layers; work can 35 Completed Completed December 2013 Department GRANIT coverage by GRANIT be done by in-house Complex Systems staff Research Center, UNH

Town to acquire list of floodplain property Initial costs outweighed owners. Encourage Develop an early by ability to warn property owners to 12 warning system for 100 residents early and save 34 Police, Fire Deferred Local, DPIG subscribe to Nixle year floodplain residents lives emergency notifications. Lack of time and resources. Completion fall 2015

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MITIGATION PRIORITY WHO HOW ACTION # COST/BENEFIT STATUS 2015 UPDATE35 ACTION POINTS (LEADERSHIP) (FUNDING) Update Flood Insurance Should be inexpensive Rate Maps with FEMA since FEMA should to reflect current SFHA participate; can develop 13 boundary, base flood public access to 34 Planning, FEMA Completed FEMA, MM Completed elevations & other flood floodplain information hazards, existing maps are dated Sept 2009 Map, with GIS, Mapping of the inundation area inundation area will Deferred due to lack of resulting from dam allow the Town to Deferred. Local, HSEM, resources and data. 2015 14 breach or dam failure notify residents more 33 DPW, HSEM MM priority list. from any upstream rapidly of an Completion fall 2018 facilities to show the impending disaster and effects on Bedford save lives. Stewardship of river shorelines allows the Develop a river riverine system to Deferred due to lack of stewardship program in function properly and Merrimack MRWC, time and resources – coordination with other 15 helps prevent future 33 River Watershed Deferred. Town, contact MRWA. 2015 local communities in the flooding of the Council NHDES priority List. Merrimack River riverbanks, especially Completion fall 2018 Watershed area repetitive loss properties Acquire flood-prone Pursue conservation properties and/or and/or protection in lieu development rights, Saves large sums in Conservation of outright purchase. particularly in the expenditures for Committee, FEMA, PDM, 2015 priority list. 16 33 Deferred. Special Flood Hazard damage to flood-prone Land Trust, FMAP, Local Implementation on Areas and NFIP properties Council continuous basis. repetitive loss properties Funding and time where possible constraints.

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SECTION IV - NEWLY IDENTIFIED MITIGATION STRATEGIES AND CRITICAL EVALUATION

Summary of New Strategies

The Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Committee identified the following new mitigation strategies36:

• Enhanced community notification program, including Nixle 360, low power FM Radio Station license and BCTV emergency notification procedures.

• Continue to encourage proper identification with house numbering for emergency services.

• Continue to participate in the Southern New Hampshire Regional Community Preparedness Program (SNHRCPP).

• Seek generators for strategic traffic light intersections. Develop a list of priority intersections and map intersections already equipped with generators.

• Acquire list of floodplain property owners. Encourage property owners to subscribe to Nixle emergency notifications.

The Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Committee identified the following mitigation strategies for continued implementation37:

• Develop a river stewardship program in coordination with other local communities in the Merrimack River Watershed area

• Develop storm water drainage maps for GIS applications

• Coordinate regionally with DOT and surrounding communities to develop a transportation hazard identification system for major routes(101/114/I-293) for future hazardous spill events/anticipate hazard contamination characteristics and area

36 More specific details on each new hazard mitigation strategy can be found in Section V “Prioritized Implementation Schedule and Funding Sources.” 37 For past plan mitigation strategies and their updates see Appendix J Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 76

• Develop a website for floodplain information, both general and town based information

• Pursue conservation and/or protection of flood-prone properties / development rights in the Special Flood Hazard Areas and NFIP repetitive loss properties where possible

• Map, with GIS, inundation area resulting from dam breach or dam failure from any upstream facilities to show the effects on Bedford

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Summary of Critical Evaluation Initial selection of mitigation projects was based on filling in perceived gaps in hazard protection within the Town. The methodology for determining mitigation actions and prioritizing them has not changed since the last plan was adopted. It was decided no changes are needed since the process worked well last time and some of the same mitigation measures were used again. Any actions that were deferred from the Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2009 or that require continued implementation were included in the 2015 critical evaluation process.38 In addition, the Bedford Hazard Mitigation Committee reviewed each section of the FEMA guidance document Mitigation Ideas39 and considered a comprehensive range of mitigation strategies and projects for each of the identified hazards that the Town of Bedford is susceptible to. For example, earthquake was an identified hazard rated low to moderate for probability in Bedford. Existing mitigation strategies that the town is already implementing include:

• Adopt and Enforce Building Codes for new and existing construction

The Town of Bedford has adopted and currently enforces the 2009 International Building Code (IBC) and the 2009 International Residential Code (IRC) as referenced in NH RSA 155-A and amended by the State Building Code Review Board.

The Bedford Hazard Mitigation Committee considered the following additional mitigation strategies for this hazard from the FEMA publication Mitigation Ideas:

• Conduct Inspections of Building Safety • Protect Critical Facilities and Infrastructure (by conducting seismic retrofitting for critical public facilities most at risk to earthquakes, requiring bracing of generators, elevators, and other vital equipment in hospitals, reviewing construction plans for all bridges to determine their susceptibility to collapse and retrofitting problem bridges, etc.) • Implement Structural Mitigation Techniques

When considering the STAPLEE criteria (described below) the town decided that these mitigation strategies were not feasible to undertake currently.

The Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Committee selected those mitigation actions that were determined to be most important to the town. Mitigation strategies continuing from 2009, the newly identified mitigation actions and those

38 See Appendix J for past prioritized implementation schedules and funding sources. 39 FEMA. Mitigation Ideas: A Resource for Reducing Risk to Natural Hazards. January 2013. Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 78

improvements recommended in Column 6 of the Existing Protection Matrix summary chart were compiled and reviewed by each member of the committee using the STAPLEE process for prioritization. Using the following fourteen (14) criteria40, rating scores were assigned to each criterion based on (1) for Poor; (2) for Average; and (3) for Good. Total scores can range from a minimum of 14 to a maximum of 42.

• Social: (1) Is the proposed action socially acceptable to the community? (2) Are there equity issues involved that would mean that one segment of the community is treated unfairly? • Technical: (3) Is the proposed action technically feasible and will it work? (4) Is it a long term solution? • Administrative: (5) Can the community implement the action? Is there someone to coordinate and lead the effort? (6) Are there funding sources already allocated or available for this project? • Political: (7) Is the action politically acceptable? (8) Does the project help to achieve other community objectives? • Legal: (9) Is the community authorized to implement the proposed action? (10) Is there a clear legal basis of precedent for this project or is there chance of legal challenge? • Economic: (11) What are the costs and benefits of this action? Does the cost seem reasonable for the size of the problem and the likely benefits? (12) Does the project reduce potential future damages from disasters? • Environmental: (13) How will the action impact the environment, i.e. land, water, animals, plants? (14) Will the action need and meet environmental regulatory approvals

Preliminary Prioritization The Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Committee assigned the following scores to each of the above strategies for their effectiveness related to the critical evaluation factors listed above. The following groups the strategies into lists based on the type of protection offered in order of highest to lowest priority.

Score/Action Hazard(s) Preventative (33.7) Seek generators for strategic traffic light intersections. All Develop a list of priority intersections and map intersections already equipped with generators. (29.7) Develop storm water drainage maps for GIS Flooding applications.

40 These are derived from the STAPLEE method criteria. Explanation of STAPLEE is provided in Appendix G Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 79

Preventative (29.0) Map, with GIS, inundation area resulting from Flooding dam breach or dam failure from any upstream facilities to show the effects on Bedford. (35) Coordinate regionally with NH DOT and surrounding communities to develop a transportation hazard identification system for Hazardous Spills major routes(101/114/I-293) for future hazardous spill events/anticipate hazard contamination characteristics and area.

Property Protection (30.3) Develop a river stewardship program in Flooding coordination with other local communities in the Merrimack River Watershed area. (29.0) Pursue conservation and/or protection of Flooding flood-prone properties/development rights in the Special Flood Hazard Areas and NFIP repetitive loss properties where possible.

Emergency Services (37.7) Continue to encourage proper identification All with house numbering for emergency services. (35.3) Continue to participate in the Southern New Hampshire Regional Community All Preparedness Program (SNHRCPP).

Score/Action Hazard(s)

Public Information (39.3) Enhanced community notification program. All (33.3) Acquire list of floodplain property owners. Flooding Encourage property owners to subscribe to Nixle emergency notifications. (31.7) Develop a website for floodplain information, Flooding both general and town based info.

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SECTION V - PRIORITIZED IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE AND FUNDING SOURCES

Implementation Strategy for Priority Mitigation Actions

The Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Committee created the following prioritized schedule for implementation of the 11 strategies. After discussing the STAPLEE results, the committee agreed that creating stormwater drainage maps using GIS should be prioritized over developing a river stewardship program. These two priorities, ranked 8th and 7th respectively, were therefore switched. The following table reflects this change.

The beginning of the timeframe for mitigation measures starts when the Bedford Town Council adopts the Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 so the table below represent the time the project will be completed by.

Ranking and Priority Mitigation Actions

Rank STAPLEE Problem Mitigation Hazard & Est. Cost & Timeframe Score Action Party Funding 1 39.3 Increase Subscribe to All $10,000- Short Term residents’ “Nixle 360” PD annual preparedness for enhanced PD Budget and response community notification 2 37.7 House Continue to All $10,000 Long Term numbering encourage PD & FD PD Budget for proper ID for emergencies house numbering 3 35.3 Increase Continue to All No Cost Long Term citizen participate in FD Staff time & preparedness SNHRCPP Town budget 4 33.7 Maintain Seek All $50,000 Medium traffic safety generators for DPW & PD DPW & NH Term at key strategic DOT intersections traffic light intersections 5 33.3 Notify Acquire list of Flooding $10,000 Short Term owners and floodplain PD Planning tenants of owners list; Planning

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potential encourage flooding. owners to subscribe to “Nixle 360” 6 31.7 Provide Develop Flooding $10,000 Short Term critical website for Planning Planning information floodplain Building on floodplain information, IT matters general and town based 7 29.7 Locate Develop Flooding $25,000 Medium stormwater stormwater DPW Town Term drainage drainage Infrastructure point with maps Board GIS maps 8 30.3 River Develop a Flooding No Cost Medium Stewardship river MRWC Staff time, Term will prevent stewardship NH DES volunteer, future program with MRWC flooding communities in the MRWC 9 29.0 Mapping Map Flooding $10,000 Medium allows more inundation DPW SNHPC Term rapid area resulting NH HSEM NH HSEM notification from dam breach or dam failure 10 29.0 Conservation Pursue Flooding $300,000 Long Term saves on conservation Conservation FEMA flood / protection Commission PDM damage of flood prone Land Trust FMAP expenditures properties in Town Current Use SFHAs and Council tax NFIP repetitive loss areas 11 28.7 Haz spills Coordinate Hazardous $10,000 Long Term can be better w/ NH DOT, spills Staff time managed abutting FD NH HSEM through communities PD HAZ ID to develop a NH DOT system transportation Planning

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HAZ ID system for major routes for HAZ spills

Time frame Short Term 1 year or less Medium Term 2 to 3 years Long Term 4 to 5 years

Additional funding sources will be researched by the Town of Bedford as required to successfully implement the above mitigation actions. Grants will be particularly researched on a project by project basis to search out the best suited grant match.

Summary of Acronyms in the Prioritized Implementation Schedule: DPW= Department of Public Works FD = Fire Department FEMA= Federal Emergency Management Agency FMAP= Flood Mitigation Assistance Program (see Appendix F) IT = Information Technology PD = Police Department PDM= Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program (see Appendix F) MRWC= Merrimack River Watershed Council NH DES = New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services NH DOT = New Hampshire Department of Transportation NH HSEM= New Hampshire Homeland Security and Emergency Management NH DOT= New Hampshire Department of Transportation

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Cost of Implementation The following table compares estimated costs of implementing each of the above prioritized mitigation actions. The actual final project budgets may exceed or be lower than the estimated cost. Nonetheless, these figures are assumed to represent a generic project of its type. These figures are to serve as a comparative tool for project selection and planning purposes. Figures were derived from personal knowledge of the Bedford Hazard Mitigation Committee, past project costs in the Southern New Hampshire region, and Internet searches for project costs from either Town requests for proposals or manufacturers’ specifications.

Summary of Acronyms in the Implementation Cost Matrix: AC = Annual Cost NC = No Cost TC = Town Cost

Cost Range

$10,000- $50,000- Project < $10,000 50,000 100,000 > $100,000 1. Enhanced community AC notification 2. Continue to encourage proper identification TC with house numbering for emergency services. 3. Continue to participate in the Southern New Hampshire Regional NC Community Preparedness Program (SNHRCPP) 4. Seek generators for strategic traffic light intersections. Develop a list of priority TC intersections and map intersections already equipped with generators. 5. Acquire list of floodplain property owners. Encourage property TC owners to subscribe to Nixle emergency notifications.

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Cost Range

$10,000- $50,000- Project < $10,000 50,000 100,000 > $100,000 6. Develop a website for floodplain information, TC both general and town based info. 7. Develop storm water drainage maps for GIS TC applications 8. Develop a river stewardship program in coordination with other NC local communities in the Merrimack River Watershed area. 9. Map, with GIS, inundation area resulting from dam breach or dam failure from any TC upstream facilities to show the effects on Bedford. 10. Pursue conservation and/or protection of flood-prone properties/development rights in the Special TC (purchase) Flood Hazard Areas and NFIP repetitive loss properties where possible. 11. Coordinate regionally with NH DOT and surrounding communities to develop a transportation hazard TC identification system for (coordination major routes (101/114/I- only) 293) for future hazardous spill events/anticipate hazard contamination characteristics and area.

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SECTION VI - ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES REGARDING ADOPTION, EVALUATION AND MONITORING OF THE PLAN

Adoption Upon notification that FEMA has approved this plan, the Bedford Town Council will hold a public hearing to formally adopt the Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 as an official statement of Town policy. In the future, this plan may constitute a new section of the Bedford Master Plan, in accordance with RSA 674:2 III e). As required by FEMA, the public hearing shall be held two weeks before this Plan is voted on by the Bedford Town Council and the public hearing shall be properly posted and advertised by the Town in accordance with New Hampshire state law. Documentation that the plan has been formally adopted by the Bedford Town Council is included in the Plan (see Appendix I).

Adoption of the Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 demonstrates the Town’s commitment to hazard mitigation. It also qualifies the community for federal, state and local funding and prepares the public for what the community can be expected to do both before and after a natural hazard disaster occurs.

Incorporation into other Planning Mechanisms The Committee and the Town Council shall seek to incorporate the Priority Mitigation Actions identified in the Priority Implementation Schedule of Section V of the Plan into other planning mechanisms, including the Town’s new Master Plan and Capital Improvement Program (CIP).

The 2009 Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan was incorporated by reference into the 2010 Bedford Master Plan. During the next Master Plan update process, scheduled for 2018-2020, the most current Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan will also be incorporated by reference.

During the next CIP process, scheduled for Fall 2015, the most current Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan will be referenced within project descriptions, as applicable, within the CIP document.

During the next Bedford Emergency Operations Plan update, scheduled for 2015, the most current Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan will be reviewed and referenced within the document, as appropriate.

Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 86

Monitoring, Evaluating and Updates: Continued Public Involvement The Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 shall be reviewed and updated annually. The Bedford Co-Emergency Management Director shall be responsible for initiating this review in coordination with the Bedford Town Council.

The Bedford Hazard Mitigation Committee will meet twice a year, in the spring and fall, to review and update the Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015. The public will continue to be invited and encouraged to be involved during this process and review meetings. All meetings involving implementation or updates of the plan shall be open to the public as is required by RSA 91-A and notice of the meeting will be publicized on the local access television station and local newspaper. To gain additional public involvement, draft copies of the amended Hazard Mitigation Plan will be made available at two public locations for review and comment. The document should be left for a minimum of two weeks and then all comments will be considered in drafting final revisions.

Changes should be made to the Plan to accommodate for actions that have failed or are not considered feasible after a review for their consistency with STAPLEE, the timeframe, the community’s priorities, and funding resources. Priorities that were not ranked high, but identified as potential mitigation strategies, should be reviewed as well during the monitoring and update of this Plan to determine feasibility of future implementation. The Bedford Hazard Mitigation Committee (BHMC) will convene bi-annually to meet and review the Plan. In keeping with the process of adopting the Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015, a public hearing to receive comment on the Plan maintenance and updating shall be held every five years when a new plan is in the process of being submitted to FEMA. The final product will be adopted by the Town Council.

The Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 will be reviewed, updated, re- submitted to FEMA for approval and subsequently adopted by the town at a minimum of every five years, in order to reflect changes in development, progress in local mitigation efforts, changes in priorities and in order to continue to be eligible for mitigation project grant funding. The next update to be re- submitted to FEMA for approval will take place in 2019.

Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 87

APPENDIX A - COMMERCIAL ECONOMIC IMPACT AREAS IN THE TOWN OF BEDFORD

The following list contains organizations and businesses with more than 25 employees:

Key (F) Located within the Special Flood Hazard Area and/or prone to flooding and damage due to 100-year floodplain events, ice jams, debris impacted infrastructure, hurricanes or rapid snow pack melt.

(S) Located on or adjacent to a Steep Slope and susceptible to damage in the event of erosion, mudslides or landslides.

(X) Located in or near a known past or potential wildfire location

(T) Susceptible to Town wide hazard risks such as wind damage from hurricanes, tornados, nor’easters, downbursts, lightning, heavy snow or ice storms or hailstorms.

Company Name Address • 101 PLAZA (F, T) ROUTE 101 • ACADIA INSURANCE CO. (T) 23 COMMERCE DRIVE • AIG NEW HAMPSHIRE (T) 5 BEDFORD FARMS • ALLSTATE INSURANCE (T) 178 ROUTE 101 • AMERICAN BROKERS NETWORK INC. (T) 167 SOUTH RIVER ROAD • AMERICAN EXPRESS FINANCIAL ADVISORS (F, S, T)5 KILTON ROAD • IHOP (T, S) 224 S RIVER ROAD • ARTHUR H. LEE CO. (T) 4 COTE LANE • AT&T (F, S, T) 5 KILTON ROAD • BALDWIN & CLARKE CO. (F, T) 116 SOUTH RIVER ROAD #B • BEDFORD AMBULATORY SURGICAL (T) 11 WASHINGTON PLACE • BEDFORD COMMONS OB-GYN (T) 2 RIVERWAY PLACE • BEDFORD COUNSELING ASSOCIATES (T) 25 SOUTH RIVER ROAD • BEDFORD FOUR SQUARE CHURCH (T, F) 12 STATION ROAD • BEDFORD GROVE SHOPPING CENTER (S, T) ROUTE 3 AND COLBY COURT • BEDFORD MALL (T) 73 S RIVER ROAD • BEDFORD MEDICAL PARK (T) WASHINGTON PLACE • BRAN HEATING SUPPLY (T) 26 SOUTH RIVER ROAD • BUGABOO CREEK (T, S) 218 SOUTH RIVER ROAD • CARLYLE PLACE (S, T) 40 ROUTE 101 • COASTAL SPECIALTY FOREST PRODUCTS (T) 451 SOUTH RIVER ROAD Appendix A Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

• COCA-COLA BOTTLING CO. INC. (T) 1 EXECUTIVE PARK DRIVE #330 • CONSOLIDATED ELECTRIC INC. (T) 27 HARVEY ROAD • CONTINENTAL PET TECHNOLOGIES (T) 7 TECHNOLOGY DRIVE • COUNTRY INN & SUITES (T) 250 S RIVER ROAD • LEXUS DEALERSHIP (F, T) 18 KILTON ROAD • CREDIT BUREAU SERVICE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE (T) 2 EXECUTIVE PARK DRIVE • CVS PHARMACY (F, T) 73 SOUTH RIVER ROAD • DANIEL WEBSTER ANIMAL HOSPITAL (T) 3 HAWTHORNE DRIVE • DIVIDERS PLUS INC. (F, T) 548 DONALD STREET • DTI TECHNOLOGIES INC. (T) 10 COMMERCE PARK NORTH • EAST POINT PROPERTIES (S, T) 436 SOUTH RIVER ROAD • EAST POINT TECHNOLOGY INC. (S, T) 436 SOUTH RIVER ROAD • EBI CO. (F, S, T) 4 BEDFORD FARMS • ECKMAN CONSTRUCTION CO. (T) 84 PALOMINO LANE #801 • ENVIRO-TOTE INC. (T) 4 COTE LANE • EXPERT SERVER GROUP (T) 318 SOUTH RIVER ROAD • FIBERKRAFT INC. (T) 25 COMMERCE DRIVE • GOFFSTOWN TRUCK CENTER (F, T) 1 WHITE AVENUE • GRANITE STATE ACOUSTICS (T) 3 CHESTNUT DRIVE • GUARDIAN LIFE INS. CO. (F, T) 116 SOUTH RIVER ROAD #B • HAMPTON INN (T) 8 HAWTHORNE DRIVE • HANNAFORD (T) 4 JENKINS ROAD • HARBORSIDE NORTHWOOD (T) 30 COLBY COURT • HARTFORD INSURANCE GROUP (T) 2 EXECUTIVE PARK DRIVE • HITCHCOCK CLINIC (T) 25 SOUTH RIVER ROAD • HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY (S, T) 32 CONSTITUTION DRIVE • INFANTINE INSURANCE INC. (S, T) 203 MEETINGHOUSE ROAD • INTERSTATE ELECTRIC SERVICE (T) 15 COTE LANE • KEANE INC. (T) 2 EXECUTIVE PARK DRIVE • KINKO’S COPIES (T) 3 COLBY COURT • LAMONTAGNE BUILDERS INC. (T) 317 SOUTH RIVER ROAD • LAUREL CENTER (T) 480 DONALD STREET • LIBERTY MUTUAL INSURANCE (T) 10 CORPORATE DRIVE #100 • LOWE’S (T, S) 222 S RIVER ROAD • LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES (T) 47 CONSTITUTION DRIVE • LURGIO MIDDLE SCHOOL / BEDFORD HS 47 NASHUA ROAD • MACY’S (T) 125 S RIVER ROAD • MANCHESTER COUNTRY CLUB (T) 180 SOUTH RIVER ROAD • MARKETING CONNECTIONS NE (T) 10 CORPORATE DRIVE #206 • MASS MUTUAL, THE BLUE CHIP CO. (T) 2 EXECUTIVE PARK DRIVE #7

Appendix A Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

• MCKELVIE SCHOOL (T) 108 LIBERTY HILL ROAD • MEMORIAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL (S, T) 55 OLD BEDFORD ROAD • MERCHANTS INSURANCE CO. (S, T) 32 CONSTITUTION DRIVE • MINI COOPER 209 SOUTH RIVER ROAD • NETS ELECTRONICS INC. (T) 2 COMMERCE DRIVE #102 • NEW ENGLAND INTERVIEWING INC. (T) 124 S RIVER ROAD • NEW MORNING SCHOOL (T) 23 BACK RIVER ROAD • NORMANDEAU ASSOCIATES INC. (S, T) 25 NASHUA ROAD • NORTH AMERICAN MORTGAGE CO. (T) 5 BEDFORD FARMS • NORWOOD REAL ESTATE (T) 116 S RIVER ROAD • ONE COMMUNICATIONS CORP. (T) 160 S RIVER ROAD • OUTBACK STEAKHOUSE (T) 95 SOUTH RIVER ROAD • PETER WOODBURY ELEMENTARY SCHOOL (S, T) 180 COUNTY ROAD • PRUDENTIAL INSURANCE CO. (T) 1 EXECUTIVE PARK DRIVE #100 • PUBLIC SERVICE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE (F, T) 12 BELLEMORE DRIVE • RIDDLEBROOK ELEMENTARY (T) 230 NEW BOSTON ROAD • RIDGEWOOD CENTER (T) 25 RIDGEWOOD ROAD • SEGWAY (T) 14 TECHNOLOGY DRIVE • STATE FARM INSURANCE (T) 160 SOUTH RIVER ROAD • TARGET (T, S) 220 S RIVER ROAD • TAYLOR GROUP (T) 2 COMMERCE DRIVE #110 • TF MORAN INC. (T) 48 CONSTITUTION DRIVE • THE SPINE CLINIC (T, S) 4 HAWTHORNE DRIVE • U.S. POST OFFICE (T) 25 SOUTH RIVER ROAD • VANASSE HANGEN BRUSTIN INC. (F, S, T) 6 BEDFORD FARMS • BEDFORD VILLAGE INN (T) 2 VILLAGE INN LANE • HARVEST MARKET (F, T) ROUTE 101 • WAL-MART (S, T) 17 COLBY COURT • WAYFARER INN (F, T) 121 SOUTH RIVER ROAD • WOODBURY COURT (T) ROUTES 3 AND 101 • YELLOW FREIGHT SYSTEM INC. (F, T) 9 COTE LANE • Z-FLEX US INC. (T) 20 COMMERCE PARK NORTH

Appendix A Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

APPENDIX B - HAZARDOUS MATERIAL FACILITIES IN THE TOWN OF BEDFORD

Hazardous materials facilities in the Town of Bedford include active hazardous waste generators and above-ground storage tanks. As defined by the N.H. Department of Environmental Services, active hazardous waste generators may include businesses that produce household hazardous waste, or treat and store or dispose of hazardous waste, or be a waste handler or used oil marketer.

Active Hazardous Waste Generators BEDFORD DENTAL CARE 207 MEETINGHOUSE RD NORMANDEAU ASSOCIATES INC 25 NASHUA RD BEDFORD PODIATRY GROUP 21 EASTMAN AVE GRAHAM PACKAGING CO 7 TECHNOLOGY DR EASTERN NEW ENGLAND HYDRAULICS INC 8 COTE LN TRM MICROWAVE 7 SUNSET LN RITE AID 10279 1 S RIVER RD BROOKS PHARMACY 481 1 S RIVER RD WAL MART STORE 2246 17 COLBY CT INSTY PRINTS OF BEDFORD INC 25 S RIVER RD BALDASSARRE MARSHALL A D M D 404 RIVERWAY PL BEDFORD TRANSFER STATION 77 CHUBBUCK RD MACYS EAST 125 S RIVER RD FERROTEC USA CORP 33 CONSTITUTION DR LAMONTAGNE BUILDERS INC 317 S RIVER RD TIP TOP AUTO 470A AMHERST RD/RTE 101 BOYD STEINER DMD PC 40 S RIVER RD BEDFORD DPW TOWN OF 19 CHUBBUCK RD PSNH 12 BELLEMORE DR CHAGNON JEAN DDS 206 RIVERWAY PL GEORGE ANDREW DMD 401 RIVERWAY PLACE MACYS 125 S RIVER RD SULLIVAN TIRE INC 397 S RIVER RD PDNED BEDFORD LLC RTE 3 LOWES OF BEDFORD 1907 222 SOUTH RIVER RD TARGET STORE 2009 220 SOUTH RIVER RD HAIGH FARR INC 43 HARVEY RD LYOPHILIZATION SERVICES OF NE INC 19 HARVEY ROAD PREFERRED FAMILY DENTAL PC 504 RIVERWAY PL NH DOT DISTRICT 5 6 EAST POINT DR LYOPHILIZATION SVS OF NEW ENGLAND 25 COMMERCE DR OPTICS 1 2 COOPER LN GIBBES GARAGE 381 BOYNTON ST EXXONMOBIL OIL CORP 10977 137 RTE 101 MOBIL 2541 137 RTE 101 Appendix B Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

TRM MICROWAVE 280 S RIVER RD BEDFORD CLEANERS 209 RTE 101 BEDFORD ANIMAL HOSPITAL 33 OLD BEDFORD RD

Above-Ground Storage Tanks LOWE’S OF BEDFORD NH 1907 222 S RIVER RD LYOPHILIZATION SERVICES OF NEW ENGLAND 25 COMMERCE DR PET CONTINENTAL 7 TECHNOLOGY DR

Under-Ground Storage Tanks RPM FUELS LLC 2541 137 RTE 101 MACY’S RTE 3 PUBLIC WORKS DEPT GARAGE 19 CHUBBUCK RD LA MONTAGNE BUILDERS INC 317 SOUTH RIVER ROAD BEDFORD LANDFILL CHUBBUCK RD HEAVENS FOOD MART & GAS 381 BOYNTON ST

Appendix B Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

APPENDIX C - NEW HAMPSHIRE DAM CLASSIFICATION SCHEDULE

Non Menace (NM) structure means a dam that is not a menace because it is in a location and of a size that failure or misoperation of the dam would not result in probable loss of life or loss to property, provided the dam is:

• Less than six feet in height if it has a storage capacity greater than 50 acre- feet; or • Less than 25 feet in height if it has a storage capacity of 15 to 50 acre-feet.

Low Hazard (L) structure means a dam that has a low hazard potential because it is in a location and of a size that failure or misoperation of the dam would result in any of the following:

• No possible loss of life. • Low economic loss to structures or property. • Structural damage to a town or city road or private road accessing property other than the dam owner’s that could render the road impassable or otherwise interrupt public safety services. • The release of liquid industrial, agricultural, or commercial wastes, septage, Or contaminated sediment if the storage capacity is less than two-acre-feet and is located more than 250 feet from a water body or water course. • Reversible environmental losses to environmentally-sensitive sites.

Significant Hazard (S) structure means a dam that has a significant hazard potential because it is in a location and of a size that failure or misoperation of the dam would result in any of the following:

• No probable loss of lives. • Major economic loss to structures or property. • Structural damage to a Class I or Class II road that could render the road impassable or otherwise interrupt public safety services. • Major environmental or public health losses, including one or more of the following: • Damage to a public water system, as defined by RSA 485:1-a, XV, which will take longer than 48 hours to repair. • The release of liquid industrial, agricultural, or commercial wastes, septage, sewage or contaminated sediments if the storage capacity is two acre-feet or more. • Damage to an environmentally-sensitive site that does not meet the definition of reversible environmental losses.

Appendix C Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

High Hazard (H) means a dam that has a high hazard potential because it is in a location and of a size that failure or misoperation of the dam would result in probable loss of human life as a result of:

• Water levels and velocities causing the structural failure of a foundation of a habitable residential structure or commercial or industrial structure, which is occupied under normal conditions. • Water levels rising above the first floor elevation of a habitable residential structure or a commercial or industrial structure, which is occupied under normal conditions when the rise due to dam failure is greater than one foot. • Structural damage to an interstate highway, which could render the roadway impassable or otherwise interrupt public safety services. • The release of a quantity and concentration of material, which qualify as “hazardous waste” as defined by RSA 471-A:2 VI. • Any other circumstance that would more likely than not cause one or more deaths.

Appendix C Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

APPENDIX D - DEFINITIONS

Areas at Risk: Those areas or facilities that would be threatened by a hazardous event such as schools, parks, commercial areas, day care facilities, and senior housing areas.

Critical Facilities: Those facilities that would be needed during a hazardous event, such as emergency medical services, law enforcement, electric generators, and emergency shelters.

Emergency Operations Plan: A jurisdiction’s emergency operations plan is typically designed to establish the procedures that will take place during an emergency and designate who will be responsible to perform those procedures.

GIS: Geographic Information Systems includes a form of mapping that enables users to easily locate physical attributes of a community such as dams, bridges, wetlands, steep slopes, etc. Much of the data for these maps is maintained by Complex Systems Research Center in Durham, NH.

Hazard Mitigation: The practice of reducing risks to people and property from natural hazards. FEMA defines hazard mitigation as “any action taken to reduce or eliminate the long-term risk to human life and property from hazards.”

Appendix D Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

APPENDIX E - RESOURCES, BIBLIOGRAPHY, WEBSITES I. AGENCIES New Hampshire Homeland Security and Emergency Management 271-2231 Federal Emergency Management Agency 617-956-7506 NH Regional Planning Commissions: Central NH Regional Planning Commission 226-6020 Lakes Region Planning Commission 279-8171 Nashua Regional Planning Commission 424-2240 North Country Council 444-6303 Rockingham Planning Commission 778-0885 Southern New Hampshire Planning Commission 669-4664 Southwest Region Planning Commission 357-0557 Strafford Regional Planning Commission 742-2523 Upper Valley Lake Sunapee Regional Planning Commission 448-1680 NH Executive Department: New Hampshire Office of State Planning 271-2155 NH Department of Cultural Affairs 271-2392 Division of Historical Resources 271-3483 NH Department of Environmental Services 271-4974 Air Resources 271-1370 Waste Management 271-2900 Water Resources 271-3434 Bureau of Dams 271-3406 NH Fish and Game Department 271-3511 NH Department of Resources and Economic Development 271-3556 Natural Heritage Inventory 271-2214 Division of Forests and Lands 271-2214 Division of Parks and Recreation 271-3556 NH Department of Transportation 271-3734 U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 301-713-4000 National Weather Service; Gray, Maine 207-688-3216 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 223-2541 U.S. Geological Survey 226-7800 U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resource Conservation Service 223-6023

Appendix E Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

II. PUBLICATIONS

1. Community-Based Hazard Mitigation Planning: Lowering the Risks and Costs of Disasters; New England Training Workshop, 27 August 1998; sponsored by the Federal Emergency Management Agency/Region I, Massachusetts Department of Environmental Management, Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency, and the Massachusetts Chapter of the American Planning Association.

2. Community Flood Mitigation Planning Guidebook; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.

3. Federal Programs Offering Non-Structural Flood Recovery and Floodplain Management Alternatives; the Office of Management and Budget; June 1998

4. Flood Hazard Mitigation Planning: A Community Guide; The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Department of Environmental Management, Flood Hazard Management Program; June 1997

5. Hazard Mitigation Plan; Charlestown, Rhode Island; January 1997.

6. Kafka, Alan. Why Does the Earth Quake in New England? August 24, 2011. https://www2.bc.edu/~kafka/Why_Quakes/why_quakes.html. 02-06- 14.

7. Local Multi-Hazard Mitigation Planning Guidance; Federal Emergency Management Agency; 2008.

8. Local Mitigation Plan Review Guide; Federal Emergency Management Agency; 2011.

9. Mitigation Ideas: A Resource for Reducing Risk to Natural Hazards. Federal Emergency Management Agency. January 2013

10. Montpelier Flood Hazard Mitigation Plan; City of Montpelier Department of Planning and Development; May 1998.

11. National Mitigation Strategy: Partnerships for Building Safer Communities; Federal Emergency Management Agency; December 6, 1995.

12. Post-Disaster Hazard Mitigation Planning Guidance for State and Local Governments; Federal Emergency Management Agency, September 1990.

13. Protecting Business Operations: Second Report on Costs and Benefits of Natural Hazard Mitigation; Federal Emergency Management Agency; August 1998.

Appendix E Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

14. Pulli, Jay. Seismiscity, Earthquakes Mechanisms, and Seismic Wave Attenuation in the Northeastern United States, PhD Dissertation Abstract. MIT, June 10, 1983. http://erl.mit.edu/assets/Pulli-abstract.pdf. 02-06-14.

15. Reducing Losses in High Risk Flood Hazard Areas: A Guidebook for Local Officials; Federal Emergency Management Agency; February 1987.

16. State of New Hampshire Natural 2010 Hazards Mitigation Plan. New Hampshire Homeland Security and Emergency Management (NHHSEM). Concord, NH: New Hampshire Homeland Security and Emergency Management, October 2010

17. State of New Hampshire 2007 Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan; New Hampshire Homeland Security and Emergency Management (NH HSEM). Concord, NH: NH Homeland Security and Emergency Management, October 2007.

18. State of New Hampshire 2004 Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan; New Hampshire Homeland Security and Emergency Management (NH HSEM). Concord, NH: NH Homeland Security and Emergency Management, October 2004.

19. State of New Hampshire 1999 Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan; New Hampshire Homeland Security and Emergency Management (NH HSEM). Concord, NH: NH Homeland Security and Emergency Management, October 1999.

20. Texas Community Officials Primer on Floodplain Planning Strategies and Tools; Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission; June 1994.

21. The Local Mitigation Strategy: A Guidebook for Florida Cities and Counties; Florida Depart. of Community Affairs; April 1998.

Appendix E Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

III. WEBSITES Sponsor Internet Address Summary of Contents Searchable database of references Natural Hazards Research http://www.colorado.edu/hazards/ and links to many disaster- Center, U. of Colorado related web sites. Atlantic Hurricane Tracking Hurricane track maps for each http://weather.unisys.com/hurricane/ Data by Year year, 1886 – 1996 Association of state emergency National Emergency http://nemaweb.org management directors; list of Management Association mitigation projects. Searchable database of sites that NASA – Goddard Space Flight http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/ndrd/disaster/ encompass a wide range of Center "Disaster Finder: natural disasters. NASA Natural Disaster http://gcmd.nasa.gov/Resources/pointers/hazard Searchable database of Reference Database s.html worldwide natural disasters. General information through the U.S. State and Local Gateway http://www.statelocal.gov/ federal-state partnership. Central page for National National Weather Service http://nws.noaa.gov/ Weather Warnings, updated every 60 seconds. http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/rt USGS Real Time Water Data Provisional hydrological data

Observations of flooding Dartmouth Flood Observatory http://www.dartmouth.edu/~floods/ situations. FEMA, National Flood Searchable site for access of Insurance Program, Community http://www.fema.gov/fema/csb.shtm Community Status Books Status Book Tracking and NWS warnings Florida State University http://www.met.fsu.edu/explores/tropical.html for Atlantic Hurricanes and Atlantic Hurricane Site other links Information and listing of National Lightning Safety http://lightningsafety.com/ appropriate publications Institute regarding lightning safety. NASA Optical Transient http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/news/bac Space-based sensor of lightning Detector kground/facts/otd.html strikes General hazard information LLNL Geologic and Atmospheric https://www.llnl.gov/ developed for the Deptment of Hazards Energy. Information on Tornadoes, The Tornado Project Online http://www.tornadoproject.com/ including details of recent impacts. National Severe Storms Information about and tracking http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/ Laboratory of severe storms. Flood risk maps searchable by Earth Satellite Corporation http://www.earthsat.com/ state. Information on forest fires and USDA Forest Service Web http://www.fs.fed.us/lan land management.

Appendix E Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

APPENDIX F - TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR HAZARD MITIGATION ______This matrix provides information about key all-hazards grant programs from the Departments of Homeland Security, Justice, Transportation, Health and Human Services, and Education under which state, local, and tribal governments, first responders, and the public are eligible to receive preparedness, response, recovery, mitigation, and prevention assistance. It lists the purpose of the program and the website where additional information can be found.

Office/ Funding Agency Program Purpose Directorate Beneficiaries Programs to prepare the Nation to address the consequences of natural and man- made disasters and emergencies. SHSP supports the implementation of state Homeland Security Strategies to address the Border and identified planning, organization, equipment, Department of Transportation State Homeland Security Grant Program (SHSP) training, and exercise needs to prevent, protect State Homeland Security www.fema.gov against, mitigate, respond to, and recover from acts governments Security Directorate of terrorism and other catastrophic events. SHSP also provides funding to implement initiatives in the State Preparedness Report States with pass Emergency To assist State and local governments in enhancing through to local Preparedness Emergency Management Performance Grants (EMPG) and sustaining all-hazards emergency management emergency and Response www.fema.gov capabilities. management Directorate organizations Emergency Local, State, and Assistance to Firefighters Grant Program (AFG) The primary goal of the Assistance to Firefighters Grants Preparedness is to meet the firefighting and emergency response needs Regional Fire www.usfa.fema.gov/grants and Response of fire departments and nonaffiliated emergency medical Departments and

Directorate services organizations. agencies. Emergency To bring community and government leaders States with a Preparedness Citizen Corps together to coordinate community involvement in pass through to

and Response www.citizencorps.gov emergency preparedness, planning, mitigation, local Directorate response and recovery. governments

Appendix F Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 100

Office/ Funding Agency Program Purpose Directorate Beneficiaries To defray travel and per diem expenses of State, local and tribal emergency management personnel who attend training courses conducted by the Emergency Management Institute, at the Emmitsburg, Maryland facility; Bluemont, Virginia Emergency Emergency Management Institute Training Assistance facility; and selected off-site locations. Its purpose State, local, and Preparedness www.fema.gov is to improve emergency management practices tribal emergency and Response among State, local and tribal government managers Directorate managers, in response to emergencies and disasters. Programs embody the Comprehensive Emergency Management System by unifying the elements of management common to all emergencies: planning, preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery. To help States work with rural communities and States with at Health hospitals to develop and implement a rural health least one hospital Resources and State Rural Hospital Flexibility Program plan, designate critical access hospitals (CAHs), in a non- Services www.ruralhealth.hrsa.gov develop integrated networks of care, improve metropolitan Administration emergency medical services and improve quality, region service and organizational performance. To support demonstration projects for the expansion and improvement of emergency medical Health services for children who need treatment for trauma State Department of Resources and EMS for Children or critical care. It is expected that maximum governments and Health and Services www.hrsa.gov distribution of projects among the States will be schools of Human Services Administration made and that priority will be given to projects medicine targeted toward populations with special needs, including Native Americans, minorities, and the disabled.

Appendix F Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 101

Office/ Funding Agency Program Purpose Directorate Beneficiaries To establish and support an innovative program of Any public or basic research and training consisting of multi- private entity project, interdisciplinary efforts that may include involved in the each of the following: (1) Methods and detection, technologies to detect hazardous substances in the National assessment, Superfund Hazardous Substances Basic Research and Education environment; (2) advance techniques for the Institute of evaluation, and www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/dert/programs/srp/ detection, assessment, and evaluation of the effects Health treatment of of hazardous substances on humans; (3) methods to hazardous assess the risks to human health presented by substances; and hazardous substances; and (4) and basic biological, State and local chemical, and physical methods to reduce the governments amount and toxicity of hazardous substances. To assist States, political subdivisions of States, Immunization Research, Demonstration, Public Information and and other public and private nonprofit entities to States and Centers for Education Training and Clinical Skills Improvement Projects conduct research, demonstrations, projects, and nonprofits Disease Control www.cdc.gov provide public information on vaccine-preventable organizations diseases and conditions. Increase state, local, territorial, and Native American tribal effectiveness to safely and Pipeline and efficiently handle HazMat accidents and incidents; Hazardous Hazardous Materials States, local, Department of enhance implementation of the Emergency Materials Safety Emergency Preparedness Training and Planning Grants territorial, tribal Transportation Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of Administration http://phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat/grants governments. 1986; and encourage a comprehensive approach to (PHMSA) emergency planning and training by incorporating response to transportation standards. Programs to coordinate Federal response efforts and to assists states, localities, and tribes in responding to disasters and emergencies. Emergency Department of 28 existing Preparedness Urban Search and Rescue To expand the capabilities of existing Urban Search Homeland US&R Task and Response www.fema.gov and Rescue Task Forces. Security Forces Directorate

Programs to provide assistance to States, localities, tribes, and the public to alleviate suffering and hardship resulting from Presidentially declared disasters and emergencies caused by all types of hazards. Appendix F Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 102

Office/ Funding Agency Program Purpose Directorate Beneficiaries Emergency To provide assistance to individuals and families Department of Preparedness Individuals and Households Program (IHP) who have been affected by natural or man-made Individuals and Homeland and Response www.fema.gov/assistance/process/guide.shtm Presidentially declared disasters. Funding provided Families Security Directorate from the Disaster Relief Fund. State, local and To provide assistance to states, localities, tribes, Emergency tribal and certain non-profit organizations affected by Preparedness Public Assistance (PA) governments; natural or man-made Presidentially declared and Response www.fema.gov/government/grant/pa/index.shtm private non- disasters. Funding provided from the Disaster Directorate profit Relief Fund organizations Emergency Provide funds to States, local, and tribal State, local and Preparedness Fire Management Assistance Grant Program governments for the mitigation, management, and tribal and Response www.fema.gov/government/grant/fmagp/index.shtm control of wildland fires posing serious threats to governments Directorate improved property. Office of To offer financial assistance to those who are trying Individuals, Small Business Disaster Loan Program Disaster to rebuild their homes and businesses in the families, private Administration www.sba.gov/services/disasterassistance/ Assistance aftermath of a disaster. sector To provide assistance programs for victims of mass Public and Office for violence and terrorism occurring within and outside Department of Antiterrorism and Emergency Assistance Program private nonprofit Victims of the United States and a compensation program for Justice www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/publications/infores/terrorism/ victim assistance Crime victims of international terrorism. agencies

Programs to reduce or eliminate future risk to lives and property from disasters. To provide assistance to states, localities, and tribes Emergency to fund projects that will reduce the loss of lives Department of State, local, and Preparedness Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) and property in future disasters. Funding is Homeland tribal and Response www.fema.gov/government/grant/hmgp/index.shtm provides from the Disaster Relief Fund and Security governments Directorate administered by the states according to their own priorities. This program provides funding for mitigation Emergency activities before disaster strikes. In recent years it State, local, and Preparedness Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program (PDM) has provided assistance for mitigation planning. In tribal and Response www.fema.gov/government/grant/pdm/index.shtm FY03, Congress passes a competitive pre-disaster governments Directorate mitigation grant program that will include project funding.

Appendix F Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 103

Office/ Funding Agency Program Purpose Directorate Beneficiaries The FMA program was created as part of the National Flood Insurance Reform Act (NFIRA) of 1994 (42 U.S.C. 4101) with the goal of reducing or Emergency eliminating claims under the National Flood Department of State, local and Preparedness Flood Mitigation Assistance Program (FMA) Insurance Program (NFIP).FEMA provides FMA Homeland tribal and Response www.fema.gov/government/grant/fma/index.shtm funds to assist States and communities implement Security governments Directorate measures that reduce or eliminate the long-term risk of flood damage to buildings, manufactured homes, and other structures insurable under the National Flood Insurance Program. Other HUD provides flexible grants to help cities, Department of NH Office of Community Development Block Grant Program (CDBG) Disaster counties, and States recover from Presidentially State, local and Housing and Energy and Recovery Assistance declared disasters, especially in low-income areas, tribal Urban Planning www.hud.gov/offices/cpd/communitydevelopment/programs/ subject to availability of supplemental governments Development appropriations.

Mitigation Programs of Other NH State Agencies The following agencies of the state of New Hampshire are directly or indirectly involved in activities that include Hazard Mitigation Planning and/or program implementation: NH Department of Transportation Bureau of Repair and Maintenance NH OSP/NFIP Program NH OSP Coastal Program NH DRED Division of Forests and Lands NH DES Water Resources Division – Dam Safety Program NH DES Wetlands Program NH DES Shoreline Protection

Appendix F Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 Page 104

APPENDIX G - STAPLEE CRITERIA

STAPLEE is an acronym for a general set of criteria common to public administration officials and planners. It stands for the Social, Technical, Administrative, Political, Legal, Economic, and Environmental criteria for making planning decisions. Questions to ask about suggested actions include:

• Social: Is the proposed action socially acceptable to the community? Are there equity issues involved that would mean that one segment of the community is treated unfairly?

• Technical: Will the proposed action work? Will it create more problems than it solves?

• Administrative: Can the community implement the action? Is there someone to coordinate and lead the effort?

• Political: Is the action politically acceptable? Is there public support both to implement and to maintain the project?

• Legal: Is the community authorized to implement the proposed action? Is there a clear legal basis of precedent for this study?

• Economic: What are the costs and benefits of this action? Does the cost seem reasonable for the size of the problem and the likely benefits?

• Environmental: How will the action impact the environment? Will the action need environmental regulatory approvals?

Bedford’s STAPLEE Scoring

Score/Action Hazard(s) Preventative (33.7) Seek generators for strategic traffic light intersections. All Develop a list of priority intersections and map intersections already equipped with generators. (29.7) Develop storm water drainage maps for GIS Flooding applications.

Preventative (29.0) Map, with GIS, inundation area resulting from Flooding dam breach or dam failure from any upstream facilities to show the effects on Bedford. (35) Coordinate regionally with NH DOT and surrounding communities to develop a transportation hazard identification system for Hazardous Spills major routes(101/114/I-293) for future hazardous spill events/anticipate hazard contamination

Appendix G Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

characteristics and area.

Property Protection (30.3) Develop a river stewardship program in Flooding coordination with other local communities in the Merrimack River Watershed area. (29.0) Pursue conservation and/or protection of Flooding flood-prone properties/development rights in the Special Flood Hazard Areas and NFIP repetitive loss properties where possible.

Emergency Services (37.7) Continue to encourage proper identification All with house numbering for emergency services. (35.3) Continue to participate in the Southern New Hampshire Regional Community All Preparedness Program (SNHRCPP).

Score/Action Hazard(s)

Public Information (39.3) Enhanced community notification program. All (33.3) Acquire list of floodplain property owners. Flooding Encourage property owners to subscribe to Nixle emergency notifications. (31.7) Develop a website for floodplain information, Flooding both general and town based info.

Appendix G Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

Appendix G Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

APPENDIX H - BHMPC MEETING AGENDAS, MINUTES AND ATTENDANCE SHEETS

Appendix H Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

Bedford Hazard Mitigation Committee Meeting

Meeting Number 1 July 25, 2013 10:00 AM

Bedford Town Offices 24 N Amherst Road Bedford, NH 03110

AGENDA

1. Call to Order

2. Overview of the Hazard Mitigation Planning Process a. Purpose and benefits of Hazard Mitigation Plans b. Scope of work to be completed

3. Identify/Update Past and Potential Hazards a. Identify past hazard events in Bedford b. Map past hazard events and other areas of concern

4. Identify/Update Critical Facilities a. Definition of Critical Facilities, Areas at Risk, Commercial Economic Impact Areas and Hazardous Waste Sites b. Review Critical Facilities in current plan and identify those that are not listed or those that have changed

5. Review Repetitive Loss Properties a. Review Flood Hazard Areas for any change in the past 5 years b. Review Repetitive Loss Properties by type and estimate numbers located in identified flood hazard areas.

6. Agree on Next Committee Meeting Date, Time, Location

7. Adjournment

Appendix H Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

Minutes of the Bedford Hazard Mitigation Committee Meeting July 25, 2013 in the Bedford Town Offices 24 North Amherst St, Bedford, New Hampshire

MEMBERS PRESENT Michael Bernard - Police Department Dawna Duhamel - School District Rick Sawyer - Planning Department Karin Elmer - Planning Department Emile Lacerte - Public Works Michael McLaughlin - Public Works Scott Wiggin - Fire Department Jillian Harris - Southern New Hampshire Planning Commission Daniel Snyder - Southern New Hampshire Planning Commission

1. Call to Order The Committee convened with a round of introductions. Copies of the Committee Meeting Schedule, Introduction Update, and Definition of Essential Facilities were handed out to everyone in attendance. Copies of the 2009 Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan were provided to those who did not have a personal copy with them.

2. Overview of the Hazard Mitigation Planning Process Jillian Harris, Senior Planner at the Southern New Hampshire Planning Commission briefly explained that the purpose of the committee is to review and update the 2009 Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan that will help reduce or avoid vulnerabilities in the community. To be approved for FEMA and Homeland Security funding, a Hazard Mitigation Plan must be updated every 5 years. The Plan is scheduled to be completed by November 2013 and will take approximately 6 months to go through the review process with the federal government.

3. Identify/Update Past and Potential Hazards The committee brainstormed a list of hazards that have occurred since 2009, as well as future potential hazards. These include: • Dam failure at Brown’s Pond. This has not yet been replaced. Cider Mill and Catesby Ln. flooding occurred downstream of Brown’s Pond. • Joppa Hill Road farms pose a potential fire hazard. • Woodbury dam has been repaired; Upper Falls dam and Lower Falls dam have been lowered in hazard classification due to surrounding land being vacant. • Expand northwest identified fire hazard eastward. • Remove previously identified isolated homes, due to nearby development.

Appendix H Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

• Lodge Avenue will be inspected by Fire Chief for potential slope landslide hazard. • Cambridge/Birkdale Roads have experienced additional flooding since 2009. • North Amherst Road and Perry road have upgraded their culverts. • Chardonnay Terrace is not an erosion concern; this property has been fixed since last year.

4. Identify/Update Critical Facilities Several facilities have been upgraded with generators since the 2009 plan. Changes include: • Town Library is now a designated cooling/warming station, new generators have been installed. • Bedford Middle/High School should be prioritized in listing of shelters. This building has backup generators. • Bedford Falls, an assisted living nursing home should be considered a critical facility. • Town Offices has backup generators now. • A new medical facility will have generators installed in the near future. • The new Cell Tower by the Mobil Station can be added to list of critical facilities. (Town Planner will supply address of tower). • The new Market Basket development has new water pump/sewer infrastructure. • The new Airport Access Bridge is a critical facility. • Rainbow Drive children’s facility has been renamed Bright Horizons. • Creative Growing children’s facility has closed (11 Bell Hill). • CMC Urgent Care has a backup generator.

5. Review Repetitive Loss Properties A property on Route 101 is listed as a repetitive loss property. The address needs to be verified and the area will be mapped on the Past and Potential Hazards Map

6. Agree on Next Committee Meeting Date, Time, Location It was decided that the next meeting will be August 22, 2013 at 10 AM in the Bedford Town Offices.

7. Adjournment Meeting adjourned.

Appendix H Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

Bedford Hazard Mitigation Committee Meeting

Meeting Number 2 August 22, 2013 10:00 AM

Bedford Town Offices 24 N Amherst Road Bedford, NH 03110

AGENDA

1. Call to Order

2. Approve the Minutes of the July 25, 2013 meeting

3. Complete updates to Past and Potential Hazards Draft

4. Review Goals and Objectives a. Revise Goals and Objectives as needed for plan update

5. Mitigation Strategy a. Review Existing Mitigation Strategies, Matrix and summary b. Review Newly Identified Mitigation Strategies

6. Set next meeting date

7. Adjournment

Appendix H Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

Minutes of the Bedford Hazard Mitigation Committee Meeting August 22, 2013 in the Bedford Town Offices 24 North Amherst St, Bedford, New Hampshire

MEMBERS PRESENT Michael Bernard - Police Department Rick Sawyer - Planning Department Karin Elmer - Planning Department Emile Lacerte - Public Works Michael McLaughlin - Public Works Scott Wiggin - Fire Department Jillian Harris - Southern New Hampshire Planning Commission Daniel Snyder - Southern New Hampshire Planning Commission

1. Call to Order The meeting commenced at 10:01 AM.

2. Approve the Minutes of the July 25, 2013 meeting A few corrections were made to the July meeting minutes before being approved by the Committee.

3. Complete updates to Past and Potential Hazards Draft A new table format will replace the previous bullet points listing past flooding hazards. This table will feature a brief description of the damage of the hazard, the severity, and any updates to report on since the hazard occurred. This will record additional important information and the progress made to address hazards. The following table was generated by the Committee:

Appendix H Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

Past Flooding Areas Area Type of Damage and Severity 2014 Update Description Old Station Road Flooded road and Low Continue to be washed away side monitored Wendover and Oak Road washed out in High New road and Drive Culverts Mother’s Day flood drainage installed, considered to be a one-time incident Route 101 between Partly washed out in High NH DOT rebuilt area Stowell Road and Mother’s Day flood Twin Brook Lane

Intersection of Culvert failed/erosion Moderate Reconstructed/New Nashua and Wallace of banks culvert in 2011 Road Bridge on Stowell Minor flooding and Low One-time incident. Road which sits on threat during high Upgraded bridge the Town line water structure in 2009

Area around Pond floods in heavy Moderate Stabilized Whippoorwill Lane rain Chubbuck Road, just Road washed out High Culverts replaced and north of Magazine multiple times road raised in 2013 St. South River Road, Norwood Reality dam, Moderate Dam repaired under just south of Kilton wing walls failed DES oversight Road Area around North Floods in heavy rain Moderate Upgraded culverts in Amherst Road and 2011 Perry Road Jenkins Road just Floods in heavy rain High Dam removed and south of Beals Road replaced with bridge in 2012 Area around Catsby Road washed out in High Pond no longer exists Lane and Pembroke Mother’s Day flood, after dam breached Way dam breached

Area around Minor flooding due to Low Culverts Cambridge Road undersized culverts replaced/upgraded in and Birkdale Road 2011

Joppa Hill Road Dam breached on High Upgraded culvert on Brown’s Pond McQuade Brook in 2013 Brown's Pond Dam failure, pond is High Part of Brook

Appendix H Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

gone currently Cider Mill & Catsby Effected by Brown's High Repaired after Lane Pond breach, washed flooding event out Palomino Lane near Localized flooding Low One-time incident Whittemore Street North of Boynton Localized flooding Low One-time incident Street at the terminus of Woodbury Lane Western most Minor flooding in road Moderate Culverts being portion of Magazine redesigned/replaced Street in 2013 Riddle Brook along Floods in heavy rain Low To be monitored, not Meadow Road and a hazard area east of Wallace Road

4. Review Goals and Objectives a. Revise Goals and Objectives as needed for plan update Copies of the 2007 State of New Hampshire Hazard Mitigation Goals and Objectives along with the revised 2010 Hazard Mitigation Goals were handed out to each member to review the changes. The 2007 Goals and Objectives were included in the 2009 Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan. It was decided that the 2014 Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan will adopt the state’s 2010 Goals and Objectives while adding the following statement at the top clarifying that the goals and objectives specifically apply to Bedford:

“The Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Committee concurs with and adopts these goals and objectives for the Town of Bedford, New Hampshire.”

5. Mitigation Strategy a. Review Existing Mitigation Strategies, Matrix and summary • Karin Elmer will contact Jillian with updated Floodplain Development District information. • Fire Chief Wiggin to contact Jillian with updated Emergency Operations Plan information • Jillian to contact PSNH for updated information on Amoskeag Development Emergency Action Plan • Fire and Police to update Jillian on all media channels used in evacuations, such as social media and other alert methods • Jillian to contact Dawna Duhamel to ask about updates to the Comprehensive Emergency Management Planning for Schools

b. Review Newly Identified Mitigation Strategies This section will be saved to review for the next meeting.

Appendix H Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

6. Set next meeting date It was decided that the next meeting will be September 26, 2013 at 10 AM in the Bedford Town Offices.

7. Adjournment Meeting adjourned.

Appendix H Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

Bedford Hazard Mitigation Committee Meeting

Meeting Number 3 September 26, 2013 10:00 AM

Bedford Town Offices 24 N Amherst Road Bedford, NH 03110

AGENDA

1. Call to Order

2. Approve the Minutes of the August 22, 2013 meeting

3. Updates to: a. Section IV: Newly Identified Mitigation Strategies and Critical Evaluation b. Section V: Prioritized Implementation Schedule and Funding Sources

4. Identify Gaps in Hazard Mitigation and Set Objectives for Future Mitigation Efforts a. What hazards is the town particularly vulnerable to that could use additional mitigation efforts? b. Were there events in the past 5 years that uncovered new or different hazards that need to be mitigated and planned for? c. Brainstorming Alternatives - Brainstorm any new mitigation strategies that can be added

5. NFIP a. Identify, analyze and prioritize actions related to continued compliance with NFIP

6. Questions?

7. Schedule meeting #4

8. Adjournment

Appendix H Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

Minutes of the Bedford Hazard Mitigation Committee Meeting September 26, 2013 in the Bedford Town Offices 24 North Amherst Street, Bedford, New Hampshire

MEMBERS PRESENT Michael Bernard - Police Department Rick Sawyer - Planning Department Karin Elmer - Planning Department Emile Lacerte - Public Works Michael McLaughlin - Public Works Scott Wiggin - Fire Department Jillian Harris - Southern New Hampshire Planning Commission Daniel Snyder - Southern New Hampshire Planning Commission

1. Call to Order The meeting commenced at 10:01 AM.

2. Approve the Minutes of the August 22, 2013 meeting The August 22, 2013 meeting minutes were unanimously approved.

3. Updates to: a. Section IV: Newly Identified Mitigation Strategies and Critical Evaluation Jillian Harris, Senior Planner, at SNHPC reviewed Section IV of the Hazard Mitigation Plan that lists the mitigation strategies. This section of the plan also scores the strategies, using the STAPLEE method criteria, assisting to identify the most important.

b. Section V: Prioritized Implementation Schedule and Funding Sources The Bedford Hazard Mitigation Committee reviewed the table of prioritized actions and has updated to include 2014 updates. Several items still need to be reviewed by particular members where noted in the following table:

Appendix H Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

2014 Prioritized Implementation Schedule and Funding Sources

MITIGATION ACTION COST/BENEFIT PRIORITY WHO WHEN HOW 2014 UPDATE ACTION # POINTS (LEADERSHIP) (DEADLINE) (FUNDING) Implement culvert and An inventory and 38 DPW, NHDOT Ongoing DPW, Inventory is bridge inventory & analysis of culvert NHDOT complete analysis, reporting conditions will (Double check conditions of each allow the Town to with Jim 1 decrease flooding Stanford, and plan for DPW) culvert repair and replacement Develop culvert and Maintaining 37 DPW, NHDOT Ongoing DPW, Check with bridge maintenance culverts will deter NHDOT Jim Stanford, program to ensure the flooding and DPW longevity of the increase the life of 2 infrastructure and the infrastructure minimize potential for a number of damage in the event of a years disaster Develop a website for A website is 36 Planning, 2014 Local, FEMA A link to floodplain information, inexpensive to Building, IT FEMA's both general and town develop and can official website based info provide critical will be added information to the 3 public. This website can be developed by local staff with the assistance of FEMA

Appendix H Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

Coordination between A meeting between 35 School District, 2014 Town Generation School District and the School District, Fire, Police Budget needs have Emergency Services to Fire Department been met for determine further and Police emergency generation needs at Department is shelter emergency shelters necessary to purposes determine what the emergency shelter needs of the town are and for 4 obtaining the necessary equipment to provide the town with emergency shelters that can function at full capacity should a situation arise for this need Develop maintenance Clogged ponds 35 DPW, Private Ongoing Local, No change program for cause additional Developers, needed at this detention/retention ponds flooding, while Property time. 5 & identify locations of proper Owners existing & potential new maintenance facilities as required to reduces flooding. lessen clogging & flooding Develop storm water Gives Town the 35 DPW 2014 Local Deferred due drainage maps for GIS ability to use to lack of time applications existing GIS and resources 6 system to locate storm water drainage points

Appendix H Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

Develop a transportation Hazardous spill 35 Police, Fire, 5 Years Local, State Deferred - case hazard identification events can be NHDOT by case basis, system for major better managed no permanent routes(101/114/I-293) for through a system emergency future hazardous spill that identifies the routes have events/anticipate hazard hazard and been contamination predicts the identified. 7 characteristics and area hazard's (Chief Wiggin characteristics and will look into potential this) contamination areas.

Develop a tree Could be 35 DPW, PSNH, Ongoing Local, State, Implemented – maintenance program, accomplished by NHDOT Private no changes minimize risk of Town workers, needed at this unhealthy trees being DPW within time blown over in wind events existing budget, 8 or swept by floods or along with other landslides and creating agencies. damage to public utilities, homes and other structures/infrastructure

Education for residents on Local staff can 35 Planning and 5 Years Local Deferred - flood mitigation by develop Building provide a link distributing information program(s) for Departments to FEMA's through either mailings, residents flood 9 local newspaper articles or mitigation local access television resources, few programming, or other property appropriate methods owners would be affected

Appendix H Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

Plan for the acquisition of Systematic 32 Fire, Planning Ongoing Local, Annual needed new cisterns & approach will Developers maintenance is maintenance of existing enable the Town to completed on cisterns plan for cistern schedule. New 10 locations thus cisterns are saving required as unnecessary needed with expenditures new development. Acquire GIS data for Inexpensive 35 Planning 2009 Local, Completed floodplain mapping; method to Department GRANIT FEMA/NFIP approved incorporate Digital FIRMS or GIS floodplain 11 coverage by GRANIT mapping with Complex Systems other data layers; Research Center, UNH work can be done by in-house staff

Develop an early warning Initial costs 34 Police, Fire 5 Years Local, DPIG Town of system for 100 year outweighed by Bedford needs floodplain residents ability to warn to acquire list residents early and of floodplain save lives property owners, whether through 12 SNHPC or consultant. Encourage property owners to subscribe to Nixle emergency notifications.

Appendix H Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

Update Flood Insurance Should be 34 Planning, FEMA 2010 FEMA, MM Completed Rate Maps with FEMA to inexpensive since reflect current SFHA FEMA should boundary, base flood participate; can 13 elevations & other flood develop public hazards, existing maps are access to dated May 1994 floodplain information

Map, with GIS, inundation Mapping of the 33 DPW, OEM 15 Years Local, OEM, Deferred due area resulting from dam inundation area MM to lack of breach or dam failure will allow the resources and from any upstream Town to notify data - (Refer to facilities to show the residents more Amoskeag 14 effects on Bedford rapidly of an Emergency impending disaster Plan. Check to and save lives. see if map exists or is digitized) Develop a river Stewardship of 33 Merrimack Ongoing MRWC, Deferred due stewardship program in river shorelines River Town, to lack of time coordination with other allows the riverine Watershed NHDES and resources local communities in the system to function Council – contact Merrimack River properly and helps MRWA 15 Watershed area prevent future flooding of the riverbanks, especially repetitive loss properties Acquire flood-prone Saves large sums 33 Conservation Ongoing FEMA, Pursue properties and/or in expenditures for Committee, PDM, conservation development rights, damage to flood- Land Trust, FMAP, Local and/or 16 particularly in the Special prone properties Council protection in Flood Hazard Areas and lieu of outright NFIP repetitive loss purchase properties where possible

Appendix H Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

Officer Bernard suggested that man-made hazardous situations be included in the list, such as an active shooter scenario. FEMA allows community flexibility to include such situations. The committee discussed this suggestion and thought that while it is very important, including such situations would make the group revise the plan. Tornados were also suggested but these natural disasters are rare in Bedford and are impossible to mitigate. A well-developed emergency notification system should be prioritized and will serve in this situation.

4. Identify Gaps in Hazard Mitigation and Set Objectives for Future Mitigation Efforts • What hazards is the town particularly vulnerable to that could use additional mitigation efforts? • Were there events in the past 5 years that uncovered new or different hazards that need to be mitigated and planned for? • Brainstorming Alternatives – Brainstorm any new mitigation strategies that can be added

• DPW will seek generators for strategic traffic light intersections.

• Continue to encourage proper identification with house numbering for emergency services.

• Encourage Bedford Police Department to subscribe to “Nixle 360,” an improved Nixle service that can geolocate and warn people via text messages based on their location relative to a nearby danger.

• Continue to participate in the Southern New Hampshire Regional Community Preparedness Program (SNHRCPP)

5. NFIP a. Identify, analyze and prioritize actions related to continued compliance with NFIP

The Town of Bedford participates in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and provides information to residents whose homes reside within a floodplain. Committee members discussed a checklist of items related to continued compliance with the NFIP and confirmed the items the town is undertaking.

6. Questions? No questions were posed at this time. Ms. Harris will distribute the STAPLEE prioritization exercise to committee members in between meetings for prioritizing new and continuing mitigation actions and updating Sections IV and V of the plan.

7. Schedule meeting #4

Appendix H Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

It was decided that the next meeting will be Thursday, October 24, 2013 at 10 AM in the Bedford Town Offices conference room.

8. Adjournment Meeting adjourned at 10:59 AM.

Appendix H Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

Bedford Hazard Mitigation Committee Meeting

Meeting Number 4 October 24, 2013 10:00 AM

Bedford Town Offices 24 N Amherst Road Bedford, NH 03110

AGENDA

1. Call to Order

2. Approve the Minutes of the September 26, 2013 meeting

3. Review a. STAPLEE results for updated mitigation strategies

4. Determine Cost estimates and implementation for mitigation strategies

5. Review and update Adoption, Evaluation and Monitoring section

6. Schedule meeting #5

Appendix H Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

Minutes of the Bedford Hazard Mitigation Committee Meeting October 24, 2013 in the Bedford Town Offices 24 North Amherst Street, Bedford, New Hampshire

MEMBERS PRESENT Michael Bernard - Police Department Rick Sawyer - Planning Department Karin Elmer - Planning Department Emile Lacerte - Public Works Scott Wiggin - Fire Department Steve Crean - Public Works Michael McLaughlin - Public Works Jillian Harris - Southern New Hampshire Planning Commission

1. Call to Order The meeting commenced at 10:07 AM.

2. Approve the Minutes of the September 26, 2013 meeting Mr. Sawyer made a motion to approve the minutes of September 26, 2013, Mr. Bernard seconded. Motion passes with Mr. Crean abstaining.

3. Review: a. STAPLEE results for updated mitigation strategies

Ms. Harris reviewed the STAPLEE prioritization exercise results with the committee. Priority #7, “Develop a river stewardship program in coordination with other local communities in the Merrimack River Watershed area,” and priority #8, “Develop storm water drainage maps for GIS applications,” were switched, as it was felt that the storm water drainage maps should be more of priority for the town at this time.

4. Determine Cost estimates and implementation for mitigation strategies

The following table was developed to determine cost estimates and implementation:

Appendix H Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

Prioritized Mitigation Actions Cost Estimate Implementation

$50,000 $100,000

age Score

WHO WHEN HOW - - (LEADERSHIP) (DEADLINE) (FUNDING) Project Priority < $10,000 > $100,000 $10,000 $50,000 Total Aver Total

Subscribe to “Nixle Local, 1 360" for enhanced 39.3 Police 2014 Grants community notification AC Continue to encourage proper identification Local, 2 with house numbering 37.7 Grants for emergency services. TC Fire, Police 2019 Continue to participate in the Southern New Hampshire Regional Local, No 3 35.3 Fire 2019 Community Cost Preparedness Program (SNHRCPP) NC Seek generators for Local, 4 strategic traffic light 33.7 DPW, Fire 2019 Grants intersections TC Acquire list of floodplain property owners. Encourage 5 property owners to 33.3 Police 2014 Local subscribe to Nixle emergency notifications. TC

Appendix H Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

Develop a website for floodplain information, Planning, 6 31.7 2014 Local, FEMA both general and town Building, IT based info TC Develop a river stewardship program in Merrimack MRWC, coordination with other River 7 30.3 2019 Town, NH local communities in Watershed DES the Merrimack River Assoc., DES Watershed area NC Develop storm water 8 drainage maps for GIS 29.7 DPW 2015 Local applications TC Map, with GIS, inundation area resulting from dam Local, OEM, 9 breach or dam failure 29.0 DPW, OEM 2019 MM from any upstream facilities to show the effects on Bedford TC Pursue conservation and/or protection of flood-prone properties/ development rights in Conservation FEMA, 10 the Special Flood 29.0 Comm., Land 2019 PDM, Hazard Areas and Trust, Council FMAP, Local NFIP repetitive loss properties where possible TC (purchase) Develop a transportation hazard identification system for major routes(101/114/I- 293) for future Police, Fire, 11 28.7 2019 Local, State hazardous spill NHDOT events/anticipate hazard contamination characteristics and area TC (coordination)

Appendix H Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

ongoing

AC = Annual Cost TC = Total Cost NC = No Cost

Appendix H Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

Questions arose surrounding the river stewardship program and if there is currently a gap in representation between the upper and lower portion of the Merrimack? DES will be contacted to determine what towns are covered by the existing organizations. Priority #11 was discussed, “Develop a transportation identification system for major routes (101/114/I-293) for future hazardous spill events/anticipate hazard contamination characteristics and area.” The wording will be changed to begin “coordinate regionally with NH DOT and surrounding communities to…” It was also noted that the cost estimate for this action reflects coordination only. Priority #4 was discussed, “Seek generators for strategic traffic light intersections.” Language will be added to include developing a priority list, preparing equipment and mapping those equipped already.

5. Review and update Adoption, Evaluation and Monitoring section

Section VI was reviewed and discussed. Under Monitoring, Evaluation and Updates language pertaining to updating the plan annually will be removed so that it reads simply that the plan will be reviewed annually. A clarification about public noticing will be made that only public hearing will be publicized in the local newspaper and on local access TV. A clarification that a public hearing will be held every 5 years when a new plan is being submitted to FEMA will be made in the text. Language describing a bi-annual meeting of the BHMC to review the plan will be added to the text.

6. Schedule meeting #5

It was decided that the next meeting will be Thursday, December 12, 2013 at 10 AM in the Bedford Town Offices conference room.

8. Adjournment Meeting adjourned at 11:15 AM.

Appendix H Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

Bedford Hazard Mitigation Committee Meeting

Meeting Number 5 December 12, 2013 10:00 AM

Bedford Town Offices 24 N Amherst Road Bedford, NH 03110

AGENDA

1. Call to Order

2. Approve the Minutes of the October 24, 2013 meeting

3. Review entire document for changes/additions/deletions a. Comments from the Committee b. Any additional items?

4. Next Actions a. Submission to NH HSEM and FEMA b. Following conditional approval from FEMA- public hearing and Board of Selectmen adoption- expected in March-April 2014

5. Questions?

6. Adjournment

Appendix H Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

Minutes of the Bedford Hazard Mitigation Committee Meeting December 12, 2013 in the Bedford Town Offices 24 North Amherst Street, Bedford, New Hampshire

MEMBERS PRESENT Michael Bernard - Police Department Rick Sawyer - Planning Department Karin Elmer - Planning Department Emile Lacerte - Public Works Scott Wiggin - Fire Department Michael McLaughlin - Public Works Jillian Harris - Southern New Hampshire Planning Commission Daniel Snyder - Southern New Hampshire Planning Commission

1. Call to Order The meeting commenced at 10:02 AM.

2. Approve the Minutes of the October 24, 2013 meeting Ms. Elmer made a motion to approve the minutes of September 26, 2013. Mr. Wiggin seconded. Motion passes.

3. Review Entire Document for Changes/Additions/Deletions Ms. Harris presented the latest draft of the Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2014 to the Committee members, identifying the sections that were updated after the October 24 meeting.

Committee members reviewed the document page by page highlighting items to be updated for the final draft. These include: an ordinance reference update, recent facility upgrades to the library and Bedford Community Television (BCTV) studio with generators, new developments or changes to commercial businesses, removing problem culverts on Magazine Street that were recently reconstructed and adding parcel lot numbers to several listed active dams. The Town of Bedford has applied for a low-power FM radio station license that would be run under the auspices of the Bedford Community Television studio and maintained with their current budget. This technology would provide additional notification in the event of an emergency and would be accessed by residents using crank radios. Bedford Police Department can now issue an emergency message or warning that “crawls” across the Bedford Community Television channel. Members of the Hazard Mitigation Committee agreed to reframe the top prioritized strategy from “Subscribe to ‘Nixle 360’ for enhanced community notification” and will include the low-power FM radio channel and BCT crawl messages. The new wording for the strategy will now be, “Enhanced community notification program, including Nixle 360, low power FM Radio Station license and BCTV emergency notification procedures.”

4. Next Actions Ms. Harris informed the Committee that after integrating the new updates, the next step will be to submit the Plan to the New Hampshire Department of Homeland Security & Emergency Appendix H Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

Management (NH HSEM) for review and approval. After approval from HSEM, Ms. Harris will submit the Plan to FEMA and should expect to receive feedback within six months. Following conditional approval from FEMA, the public hearing and Board of Selectmen adoption of the Plan is expected to take place in the summer/fall of 2014.

5. Questions? The Committee had no questions at this time.

6. Adjournment Meeting adjourned at 10:58 AM.

Appendix H Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

APPENDIX I - DOCUMENTATION OF PLAN ADOPTION

Appendix I Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

Figure 5 – Draft Plan Public Notice

Appendix I Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

Bedford Town Council Town of Bedford, New Hampshire

A Resolution Approving the Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

Town Council Town of Bedford, 24 North Amherst Road Bedford, New Hampshire 03110

Certificate of Adoption

WHEREAS, the Town of Bedford has historically experienced severe damage from natural hazards and continues to be vulnerable to the effects of the natural hazards profiled in the plan resulting in loss of property and life, economic hardship, and threats to public health and safety; and

WHEREAS, the Town of Bedford, has developed and received conditional approval from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) for its hazard Mitigation Plan under the requirements of 44 CFR 201.6; and

WHEREAS, the Southern New Hampshire Planning Commission received funding from the New Hampshire Department of Safety – Homeland Security and Emergency Management under a Pre- Disaster Mitigation Grant to assist the Town of Bedford in the preparation of the Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015; and

WHEREAS, several public planning meetings/hearings were held between July 2013 and June 2014 regarding the development and review of the Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015; and

WHEREAS, the Plan specifically addresses hazard mitigation strategies and Plan maintenance procedure for the Town of Bedford; and

WHEREAS, the Plan recommends several hazard mitigation actions/projects that will provide mitigation for specific natural hazards that impact the Town of Bedford, with the effect of protecting people and property from loss associated with those hazards; and

WHEREAS, adoption of this Plan will make the Town of Bedford eligible for funding to alleviate the impacts of future hazards; now therefore be it

WHEREAS, a public hearing was held by the Bedford Town Council on August 12, 2015 to formally approve and adopt the Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015.

NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Bedford Town Council approve the Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 . 1. The Plan is hereby adopted as an official plan of the Town of Bedford. 2. The respective officials identified in the mitigation strategy of the Plan are hereby directed to pursue implementation of the recommended actions assigned to them; 3. Future revisions and Plan maintenance required by 44 CFR 201.6 and FEMA are hereby adopted as a part of this resolution for a period of five (5) years from the date of this resolution.

4. An annual report on the progress of the implementation elements shall be presented to the Town Council by July 1st of each year.

APPROVED and SIGNED this 12th day of August, 2015.

Bedford Town Council

Jim Scanlon, Chairman Kelleigh Domaingue, Vice Chairman Chris Bandazian Jim Aguiar Bill Duschatko John Schneller Melissa Stevens

ATTEST______Richard Sawyer, Acting Town Manager

APPENDIX J – PAST PRIORITIZED IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES AND FUNDING

Appendix J Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

2004 Prioritized Implementation Schedule and Funding Sources41 (Deferred and continued actions shaded in gray)

PRIORITY WHO WHEN HOW ACTION # MITIGATION ACTION COST/BENEFIT 2009 UPDATE42 POINTS (LEADERSHIP) (DEADLINE) (FUNDING) Systematic approach will Plan for the acquisition of enable the Town needed new cisterns & to plan for cistern Local, 1 41 Fire, Planning 10-20 Yrs. Ongoing maintenance of existing locations thus Developers cisterns saving unnecessary expenditures Mapping of the inundation area Incomplete due to Map, with GIS, inundation will allow the lack of staff and area resulting from dam Town to notify Local, OEM, resources, action 2 breach or dam failure from residents more 40 OEM 20 Yrs. MM listed under Existing any upstream facilities to rapidly of an Programs/Policies show the effects on Bedford impending in Section III disaster and save lives Maintaining Develop culvert and bridge culverts will deter maintenance system to flooding and ensure the longevity of the 5 Yrs. / Ongoing DPW, 3 increase the life of 40 DPW, NHDOT Ongoing infrastructure and Thereafter NHDOT the infrastructure minimize potential damage for a number of in the event of a disaster years

41 Note: 2004 Prioritized Implementation Schedule and Funding Sources is a word for word documentation of the strategies outlined in the Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2004. 42 Ongoing actions added to Plan update and prioritized along with newly identified mitigation actions for the 2009 update, Section IV and V. Appendix J Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

PRIORITY WHO WHEN HOW ACTION # MITIGATION ACTION COST/BENEFIT 2009 UPDATE42 POINTS (LEADERSHIP) (DEADLINE) (FUNDING) An inventory and analysis of culvert Implement culvert and conditions will bridge inventory & allow the Town to 5 Yrs. / Ongoing DPW, 4 40 DPW, NHDOT Ongoing analysis, reporting decrease flooding Thereafter NHDOT conditions of each and plan for culvert repair and replacement Replacement of older equipment Purchase additional snow will help the Town Local, Completed and 5 removal equipment to cope keep roads clear 40 DPW Ongoing Grants Ongoing with snow emergencies for emergency vehicles and save lives Environmental Require secondary clean-up costs will containment for hazardous be considerably spills that may occur at less if containers Irving Oil, other Facility has been 6 Irving Oil on South River of oil or other 40 private facility (Private) Local, PRCR removed and is no Road, as well as at other hazardous owners longer an issue potentially hazardous substances leak or locations spill from these containers Stewardship of Develop a river river shorelines stewardship program in allows the riverine Merrimack MRWC, coordination with other system to function 7 40 River Watershed Ongoing Town, NH Ongoing local communities in the properly and Council DES Merrimack River helps prevent Watershed area future flooding of the riverbanks

Appendix J Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

PRIORITY WHO WHEN HOW ACTION # MITIGATION ACTION COST/BENEFIT 2009 UPDATE42 POINTS (LEADERSHIP) (DEADLINE) (FUNDING) Develop a public An inexpensive awareness program for way to let people emergency management to know about Reverse 911, Public include information emergency Broadcast, Local, State, 8 distribution through either management in 40 Police, Fire 5 Yrs. Emergency Call CERT mailings, local newspaper their community System articles, local access as well as help implemented television programming, or them prepare for other appropriate method an emergency Initial cost may be Purchase generators and expensive, but the update facilities for need for shelters connection of emergency Police, Fire, Local, State, 9 with adequate 40 10 Yrs. Ongoing power for Bedford Schools, DPW Federal facilities to increase emergency outweighs cost of shelters generators Initial cost may be expensive, but the Purchase fixed-facility need for shelters Police, Fire, Local, State, 10 generators for additional with adequate 40 10 Yrs. Ongoing DPW Federal emergency shelter locations facilities outweighs cost of generators Initial cost may be Purchase portable expensive, but the generators for additional need for shelters Police, Fire, Local, State, 11 emergency shelter locations with adequate 40 10 Yrs. Ongoing DPW Federal as is determined at the time facilities of need outweighs cost of generators

Appendix J Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

PRIORITY WHO WHEN HOW ACTION # MITIGATION ACTION COST/BENEFIT 2009 UPDATE42 POINTS (LEADERSHIP) (DEADLINE) (FUNDING) Develop maintenance Clogged ponds program for cause additional Local, detention/retention flooding, while Developers, 12 ponds& Identify locations 40 DPW, Private 5 Yrs. Ongoing proper Property of existing & potential new maintenance Owners facilities as required to reduces flooding lessen clogging & flooding Initial costs Develop early warning outweighed by Reverse 911, 13 system for 100 year ability to warn 39 Police, Fire 10 Yrs. Local, DPIG Ongoing floodplain residents residents early and save lives Gives Town the ability to use Develop storm water existing GIS 14 drainage maps for GIS 39 DPW 2006 Local Ongoing system to locate applications storm water drainage points Hazardous spill Incomplete, still a events can be viable project that Develop a transportation better managed needs to be done hazard identification through a system and would give the system for major that identifies the town a better routes(101/114/I-293) for hazard and Police, Fire, 15 38 5 Yrs. Local, State assessment of the future hazardous spill predicts the NHDOT types of products events/anticipate hazard hazard’s and the quantities contamination characteristics and that are traveling characteristics and area potential through the contamination community areas

Appendix J Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

PRIORITY WHO WHEN HOW ACTION # MITIGATION ACTION COST/BENEFIT 2009 UPDATE42 POINTS (LEADERSHIP) (DEADLINE) (FUNDING) Inexpensive Acquire GIS data for method to floodplain mapping; incorporate GRANIT Maps FEMA/NFIP approved floodplain Planning Local, received, FIRM 16 Digital FIRMS or GIS 38 Completed mapping with Department GRANIT maps anticipated in coverage by GRANIT other data layers; early 2009 Complex Systems Research work can be done Center, UNH by in-house staff Develop a tree maintenance program, minimize risk of Could be unhealthy trees being accomplished by blown over in wind events Town workers, 5 Yrs. to DPW, PSNH, Local, State, Developed and 17 or swept by floods or DPW within 38 develop/Ongoing NHDOT Private ongoing landslides and creating existing budget, thereafter damage to public utilities, along with other homes and other agencies structures/infrastructure Should be Update Flood Insurance inexpensive since Rate Maps with FEMA to FEMA should reflect current SFHA participate; can 18 boundary, base flood 38 Planning, FEMA Unknown FEMA, MM Anticipated in 2009 develop public elevations & other flood access to hazards, existing maps are floodplain dated May 1994 information

Appendix J Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

PRIORITY WHO WHEN HOW ACTION # MITIGATION ACTION COST/BENEFIT 2009 UPDATE42 POINTS (LEADERSHIP) (DEADLINE) (FUNDING) Will reduce power and Program not Relocate existing utilities communications developed by town underground when outages during because funding appropriate as is DPW, Planning, Local, heavy snow and sources are 19 determined by current and 38 all utility Unknown Developers, ice storms and unavailable - past damage anticipated to companies Grants strong winds, but responsibility falls be repetitive and create re- could be quite with utility occurring costs expensive to companies implement

A great resource Already existing on to determine river the Merrimack. Purchase river gauges with height during Army Corps of State, FMAP, Maintained by USGS 20 transmitting capabilities for 37 10 Yrs. potential floods or Engineers, DES Local in partnership with the Merrimack River times of high the Army Corps of water Engineers Needed for Upgrade Town radio community safety system to improve and emergency Local, State, 21 communication between management 36 Police, Fire 10 Yrs. Complete COPS fire, police, emergency among police, fire services and ambulance; will save lives NH OEM provides Comprehensive Emergency emergency Bedford School Provided by 22 Management for Schools 36 2005 Complete preparedness District NH OEM (CEMPS) training free of cost to schools

Appendix J Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

PRIORITY WHO WHEN HOW ACTION # MITIGATION ACTION COST/BENEFIT 2009 UPDATE42 POINTS (LEADERSHIP) (DEADLINE) (FUNDING) Amend Floodplain Local staff can Ordinance to discourage develop required construction in the Planning and ordinances to 23 floodplain; enact 35 Building Completed Local Complete discourage or end regulations more stringent Departments construction in the than NFIP required floodplain ordinances Education for residents on flood mitigation by Incomplete due to distributing information Local staff can Planning and staffing changes, through either mailings, develop 24 35 Building 5 Yrs. Local add to current plan local newspaper articles or program(s) for Departments as new mitigation local access television residents strategy programming, or other appropriate methods A website is inexpensive to develop and can provide critical Develop a website for information to the floodplain information, Planning, Pending revised 25 public. This 35 2006 Local, FEMA both general and town Building, IT maps website can be based info developed by local staff with the assistance of FEMA Addressing this Address the West Nile problem before Virus by developing an the virus develops enforcement mechanism to Local, State, Policy posted on 26 in mosquitoes can 35 DPW 5 Yrs. prevent stagnation in Federal town website save large detention ponds and all amounts of health street-mapped catch basins care dollars

Appendix J Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

PRIORITY WHO WHEN HOW ACTION # MITIGATION ACTION COST/BENEFIT 2009 UPDATE42 POINTS (LEADERSHIP) (DEADLINE) (FUNDING) Vehicles are Purchase emergency initially expensive, Local, vehicles and equipment 27 but can save lives 32 Fire, Police 5 Yrs. Grants, Complete (boats) to update & expand during a hazard Surplus existing event Saves large sums Purchase flood-prone in expenditures properties and/or for damage to development rights, Conservation FEMA, Ongoing through flood-prone 28 particularly in the Special 28 Comm., Land Unknown PDM, Conservation properties, Flood Hazard Areas and Trust, Council FMAP, Local Commission especially NFIP repetitive loss repetitive loss properties where possible properties Saves large sums Encourage the in expenditures Conservation Commission for damage to Conservation FEMA, to purchase flood-prone flood-prone 29 28 Comm., Land Unknown PDM, Ongoing properties and properties, Trust, Council FMAP, Local permanently preserve these especially un-built lands repetitive loss properties

Summary of Grant Acronyms in the Prioritized Implementation Schedule: FMAP= Flood Mitigation Assistance Program (see Appendix F) PDM= Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program (see Appendix F) DPIG= Disaster Preparedness Improvement Grant (see Appendix F) PRCR= Petroleum Release Cleanup Reimbursement, NH Dept. of Environ. Services MM= Map Modernization (see Appendix F) CERT= Community Emergency Response Teams (see Appendix F)

Appendix J Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

COPS= OFFICE OF COMMUNITY ORIENTED POLICE SERVICES, INTEROPERABLE COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM (SEE APPENDIX F SOURCES

Appendix K Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015

APPENDIX K - TOWN OF BEDFORD WATER RESOURCES PLAN

Appendix K Bedford Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015