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Small Scale Mining in Belinyu District

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Small Scale Mining in Belinyu District 1st UPI International Conference on Sociology Education (UPI ICSE 2015) Small Scale Mining in Belinyu District F.R.Harahap Program Studi Sosiologi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Bangka Belitung Indonesia [email protected] Abstract---Small scale mining has given positive permission by the Central Government, namely PT Timah contribution to Bangka Belitung Province and its people, and PT Koba Tin. The only two companies that can have particularly in Belinyu Subdistrict. As the consequence, local access to the tin mining in Bangka Belitung Islands government issued certain policy for illegal Small scale Province. mining. It is aimed to stop all activities of Small scale mining. The changes that occur as a result of the publication of However, the effort made by government and police do not the Minister's decision Industrial and trade no. 443/2002 reduce significantly tin mining activities. Moreover, the on changes to the Annex of decision Industry and the illegal tin mining is still running and even increased up until Minister of Trade No. 558/MPP/KEP/12/1998 on general now. The aim of this research is to describe the form of provisions in the field of exports, Trade Minister resistance strategies of Small scale miners in facing local Regulation No. 07/M-DAG/PERI4/2005 about the government and police officers inspections in Belinyu Subdistrict, Bangka District, Bangka Belitung Province. changes to the decision of the Minister of Industry and Qualitative research method was used to answer research Trade No. 558/MPP/KEP/12/1998 on general provisions questions particularly for gathering and analyzing data. in the field of exports, last modified by decision of the Research instrument used in this study was the researcher Minister of Industry and Trade no. herself aided by recording device and fieldnote. Informants of 385/MPP/KEP/6/2004, the provincial government is the research were selected by using purposive sampling. Data understood as the freedom to manage and set the tin gathering technique used was in depth-interview and mining in Bangka Belitung. documentation study. The result of this stuides are Small The Central Government policy changes the scale miner seen as skillful and knowledgeable subject in Government responded by giving the Bangka district choosing resistance strategy. Meanwhile, macro perspective business license smelters of Tin (tin ore smelting states how Small scale miners make use the structure e.i. resources such as network and social organization in their company became the metal lead), Published local social system. The research finding shows that tin miners regulations Bangka District No. 6 of 2001 about the choose illegal tin mining with several strategies; first, by management of the Public Mining, applicable local using organization, second, by monitoring local government Bangka District No. 20 of 2001 About the determination and police officer inspection, third by avoiding the inspection and arrangement of Strategic Goods Trade, as well as and the last by concentrating the tin mining activities in one applicable local Bangka District No. 21 of 2001 mining region concerning the taxation of Public Mining and minerals, as a follow-up to the implementation of decisions of the Minister of Industrial and trade of the previous export. Keywords: Small Scale Minning, Social Movement, Resistance Strategy (13, p99-100) The growth was also accompanied by the expansion of I. INTRODUCTION the smelter mines run by local people. Rampant mining folk, in addition to associated with Tin prices are quite In Indonesia, the area includes Tin reserves, Kundur, high, also because of the existence of many smelters in Karimun island of Singkep, and partly in the Mainland of need of raw materials is quite a lot. This is because Sumatra (Bangkinang) North continues South towards the almost all of the existing smelters in Bangka do not have island of Bangka, Belitung and Kari Mata Islands up to its own mine site so they are subject to the miners of the the area west of Borneo. Tin mining in Bangka has started people. (18, p119) in 1711, in Singkep in 1812, and in Belitung in 1852. (3) In addition to the effected by regulation as described The resource wealth of Tin mines can be seen from previously, the development of the tin mining also Indonesia ranked Indonesia as the world's largest Tin stimulated by two other factors. First, a decision at the producer. In 2006, according to data of the International beginning PT. Timah-1990s to download subcontracting Tin Research Institute (ITR), the two companies lead in tin mining project portion of land to local businessmen Indonesia included in ten of the world's largest Tin producer. due to the crisis lead the world in 1985. On the pattern PT Timah Tbk was ranked second with production of of subcontracting is the first time the term people's Tin 44.689 tones and PT Koba Tin is ranked seventh with mining was introduced, namely the mining cooperation production of 20.930 tons. (13, p45) forms with the ability to move the soil less than 30m3/h, While the first stage was occupied by the Yunan Tin, a the lowest capacity in modern mining system. Second, Tin company in China with production amounted to 52.399 the fall of the major agricultural commodity prices tones. Before the autonomy areas, resource management Tin Bangka i.e. Pepper at the end of the 1990’s caused mines in Indonesia is carried out based on the decrease the income of local communities. Third, at the implementation of law No. 11 of 1967 concerning Basic same time, the separation of Bangka Belitung off South provisions of mining. There are two companies were given Sumatra Province as a result of implementing policies of © 2016. The authors - Published by Atlantis Press 285 the autonomous region led to the weak system of people's strategy in curbing the activities of the strategy Government on the island of Bangka Belitung. (18, p8) by the local government and police in district Belinyu, The rise of tin mining people positively impact on the Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands province. economy of Bangka Belitung Islands province and residents of the community. Tin mining people give a huge financial III. A STUDY OF THE LITERATURE benefits. Thousands of homes on the edge of the road that was once made of wood or bamboo have now been on A. The Artisanal Tin Mining the renovation the owners become like home in urban with Artisanal mining are mines that are managed by the a complete electronic devices and vehicles. general public, and those who perform mining activities However, the negative impact arising out of tin mining commonly known as artisanal miners. Artisanal miners people anyway. (14) Tin mining people cause pollution of mining generally in locations that have a mineral content the sea. Fisherman's marine pollution losing livelihood but not managed by large companies. Perceptions of tin because they can no longer catch fish in the sea that has mining as mining folk (non PT. Timah Tbk and PT. been contaminated by tailings. In addition to it, at the Koba Tin) originally done in a simple, but now most village Air Anyut, Bangka Regency, its own pollution and have been operating with systems and tools resembling damage has occurred the river water. Local drinking water or nearly resembling systems and tools that are used by companycomplained their water supplies from polluted. PT. Timah Tbk and PT. Koba Tin. There are a licensed Water pollution also occurs in the rice paddies of rice Mining Authority but mostly without permission production decreased thus affecting in Bangka Regency. Authorization for Quarry, some operating without Palm oil plantations have complained of the same things as permission in Mining Authorization PT. Timah Tbk and their plantation riddled with small holes the former tin PT. Koba Tin. Definition and characteristics of the mining minerals. The forest in the Bangka Belitung along people is actually a tin mining classification used by PT. with reduced because after dwindling pepper plantation was Timah Tbk for a mining operation to mine the material replaced with tin mining. (4, p17) removal capability under 30m3/jam. However, this notion Tin mining developments that negatively affect people's is now shifted into tin sand mining activities conducted as mentioned earlier made the Government reacts by by the society in general does not have a mining issuing policies regulate people's Tin mining which does business license from the government. As a consequence not have permission. As confirmed by the Chief of Police of this condition is not licensed, then the mining Region of Bangka Belitung at that time, the Commissioner community without any obligation to reclaiming and pay of police Imam Sudjarwo, that Tin minesare secured royalties. Tin mining folk character reflects a mining Tin mines that are unlicensed and prohibited strikes in place. activity that is less and less attention to environmental health and safety aspects. (18, p8-10) Bangka district itself is an area that was first issued local regulations the response to the Minister's decision No. B. The Roots of The Conflicts with the 443/2002 concerning the export of Tin as a strategic Government's Mining commodity. The promulgation of the regulation of this area as an attempt to raise revenue (PAD) areas of the original. Conflicts in mining area is essentially an asymmetric Bangka Regency Government then makes the Regulation conflicts where the parties in conflict are not on the same of this area as a juridical basis for conducting surveillance position of power. Mining companies that have a legal and management of minerals of Tin with regulate. However, aspect in the form of Mining Authority; legally entitled the efforts made by the Government and police did not to make the exploitation of natural resources.
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