Making Migration Better ANNUAL REPORT ICMPD THREE-PRONGED in a Nutshell APPROACH

MIGRATION DIALOGUES KEY FIGURES

POLICY AND RESEARCH

388 29 duty employees CAPACITY BUILDING More than stations 70 projects POLICY AND RESEARCH MIGRATION DIALOGUES CAPACITY BUILDING 61 Policy development and Support dialogues between Training, capacity-building €276 million research, empirical research Europe and its neighbours: programmes, workshops, nationalities with a comparative, inter- East (Budapest Process, study visits, facilitation of In over contracted disciplinary and interna- Prague Process) and international and interagen- tional approach covering South (Rabat Process and cy cooperation and support 90 countries project numerous migration-related Khartoum Process, MTM in institution building. 18 topics. Dialogue, EUROMED). volume member states THEMATIC EXPERTISE

OUTREACH Border management Asylum and and security international Protection 34 conferences and 1,233 trainings, Irregular migration Legal / labour meetings and workshops Totalling and return migration / Immigration

1,778 days at 340 locations* with Trafficking Social cohesion in human beings participants and partners 34,662 243 and Related Forms Migration and of Exploitation development *including remote meetings EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT

ICMPDICMPD is an is international an international organisationorganisation based based in in ViennaVienna and andhas has18 Member 18 Member States:States: Austria, Austria, Bosnia Bosnia and and Herzegovina,Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Bulgaria,

Michael Spindelegger Croatia,Croatia, Czechia, Czechia, Germany, Germany, Director General Hungary,Hungary, Malta, Malta, North North Macedonia,Macedonia, Poland, Poland, Making Making Portugal,Portugal, Romania, Romania, Serbia, Serbia, Slovakia,Slovakia, Slovenia, Slovenia, Migration Migration Sweden,Sweden, Switzerland Switzerland and andTurkey. Turkey. Better Angiolo Rolli Lukas Gehrke Better MakingMaking migration migration and and Director; Resource and Operations Deputy Director General, Director; Policy, Research & Strategy mobilitymobility of people of people ANNUAL REPORT ANNUAL REPORT orderly,orderly, safe safe and and regular, regular, 2020 includingincluding through through the the implementationimplementation of planned of planned andand well-managed well-managed migrationmigration policies. policies. ANNUAL REPORT 2020 ANNUAL

Martijn Pluim Ralph Genetzke Director; Migration Dialogues & Cooperation Head of Brussels Mission TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR THE ICMPD ANNUAL REPORT 2020

6 Interview with Director General Michael Spindelegger 12 Editorial - The impact of COVID-19 on talent attraction Policy and Research

30 Research Unit Information on migration risks and opportunities

34 Policy Unit Security: a contentious and permanent feature of migration and mobility debates Migration Dialogues

38 The pivotal role of migration dialogues in the migration governance process Capacity Building

43 Western Balkans and Turkey ICMPD has further increased its impact on migration management in Turkey and the Western Balkans

50 Eastern Europe and Central Asia Strengthening CMPD‘s position in Eastern Europe and Central Asia

55 Silk Routes Remote and in-person capacity building

59 Mediterranean The future of migration partnerships

63 Africa Africa-EU Migration and Mobility Dialogue (MMD)

69 Border Management and Security Programme A very new experience in border management

72 Anti-Trafficking Programme Increasing the portfolio of the anti-trafficking response

76 Global Initiatives Navigating change through practices

Institutional 80 External and Member States Relations ICMPD - A growing organisation

Human Resources 86 Who we are PREPARING FOR RISING The people MIGRATION PRESSURE who migrated Director General Director despite the AFTER THE PANDEMIC pandemic

Michael Spindelegger, Director General of ICMPD, 2020 ICMPD Annual Report often chose about the tremendous impact that COVID-19 has had on global migration, about how ICMPD has had different to adapt and about how ICMPD can help to build a well-functioning European asylum system. migration routes than in previous years. 2020 was a very special year. How has the Mediterranean route, for example, pelled to migrate even if they must pandemic shaped the work of ICMPD? became more important again. This do so in an irregular way. That is shift resulted from the situation on also an area where we at ICMPD can It was without a doubt a big chal- the Eastern Mediterranean route make a big contribution based on our lenge. ICMPD’s core work involves where large-scale arrivals prompted expertise and experience. capacity-building projects and mi- the Greek government to close exter- 7 gration dialogues in different world nal borders and suspend the admis- What other priorities is ICMPD pursuing regions. This usually entails travel- sion of asylum applications. But it Forecasts are hard to make on migra- in 2021? ling and bringing people together, was also an indicator of the impact tion but there are good reasons why conducting trainings and conferenc- of COVID-19. An increasing num- the European Union should prepare We will work with the Bosnian gov- es. All this became impossible be- ber of citizens from North African for increased migration flows. ernment to help them cope with the cause of the pandemic. We therefore countries tried to leave for Europe in extremely challenging situation. We had to adapt our working style quite response to the crisis of tourism in Despite its New Pact on Migration and are also trying to foster good coop- quickly. At the same time, we agreed their own countries. Also, the route Asylum? eration on migration between Tur- with our partners and donors to use via the Western Balkans was chosen key and the EU. Turkey is not only some funds to provide immediate aid more often. The biggest increase was The New Pact is definitely based on an ICMPD member state but also to certain regions in response to the recorded on the route via Maureta- more thorough and constructive dis- faces specific challenges as host to crisis. The creativity of our staff and nia and Morocco. We also must re- cussions than previous attempts. It the largest refugee population in the their dedication to deliver the best alise that the economic downturn in has undoubtedly brought quite a bit world. outcomes for our partners also under the European Union impacts families of progress, but some big questions these difficult circumstances made and regions outside the EU. Global remain unanswered. There was no It has been five years since you became this possible. migrant remittances fell by 14 per- breakthrough on the “cardinal issue” director general of ICMPD. What has cent in 2020. of solidarity in terms of a scheme for changed? How has the pandemic changed migration? distributing asylum seekers among What kinds of effects do you expect the European Union Member States or Meanwhile, there is broad consensus The implications were huge. Initial- pandemic to have in the medium term? in terms of ways they can better sup- that we must give countries of origin ly, the mobility restriction imposed port each other on return. However, concrete support to reduce migra- by most states drove down migration Migration will pick up again as soon the New Pact has defined common tion pressures. It is also more wide- numbers. But as soon as those re- as border controls are lifted and eco- goals. There will be a much stronger ly understood that we must invest in strictions were lifted, figures went up nomic growth resumes across Eu- focus on migration partnerships with migration partnerships, both to ad- again to pre-COVID levels. More- rope. Many migration projects were countries of origin and transit. This dress irregular migration and to help over, the people who migrated de- postponed because of the pandemic. approach will hopefully offer these people return to the countries they spite the pandemic often chose differ- Its economic impacts might lead to countries much more help in address- came from. Furthermore, it has be- ent routes than last year. The Central even stronger migration pressures. ing the reasons that people feel com- come evident that we need to think about opportunities for legal migra- and second half of the year, respec- tion and border controls that work tively. The focus will be on return in tandem with each other. One can- measurements. We will work togeth- not work without the other. There er with the European External Action is also a broader understanding in Service. As an organisation, we will

the EU that it must work to improve try to achieve further growth. Greece General Director the functionality of asylum systems and the Netherlands have already ap- in the Member States so decisions plied for membership; Denmark has can be made much more quickly. signalled its interest. We hope that Improvements have been made, but ICMPD becomes an even strong- Annual Report 2020 ICMPD Annual Report much remains to be done. er voice on migration in the Euro- pean Union but also the preferred How has ICMPD developed over these partner for concrete initiatives and five years? programmes.

Our staff has doubled and our budget If you could make a wish – what would for projects has tripled, which helps you like to see happen in your next term to For ICMPD, I would the organisation to thrive. With Tur- make migration better? key and Malta, two countries have like to see our joined ICMPD that play a key role For ICMPD, I would like to see our in how we can manage migration re- organisation play a role in develop- sponsibly. Last year Germany being a truly common European asylum organisation play a role came a member, which is important system and good, stable migra- for many initiatives our organisation partnerships with our partners in developing a truly tion is involved in. We are work- outside Europe. We should help to ing hard to be the preferred partner improve protection of European bor- for the European Union but also for ders, which is vital to a well-function- common European the non-European countries when it ing European migration system. And comes to questions of migration. we should contribute to all policy in- 9 asylum system and itiatives that tackle root causes, that What are your next objectives moving address migration pressures but also good, stable migration forward? that develop opportunities for legal migration and labour migration. The Our focus is on innovation, especially cooperation with the private sector is partnerships with in multi-dimensional migration part- essential in this regard. nerships. We can be of great help to our partners outside the European Union in this regard. To achieve effective migration part- Europe. nerships, it is crucial to understand the fields in which the partner countries need concrete help. Partner- ship is a more complex arrangement than just paying the partner country to take back people. ICMPD can provide a broad range of ideas and inputs to make these partnerships work better in the future.

2021 has gotten off to a rough start. How does ICMPD plan ahead with so much uncertainty? Michael Spindelegger, 61, joined ICMPD as We concentrate on areas where we Director General at the beginning of 2016. can help despite the pandemic. We During his political career, he served as Austria’s Vice Chancellor and was Minister for Foreign are providing consultancy services Affairs and leader of the Austrian People’s to Portugal and Slovenia, holders of Party (ÖVP). Mr. Spindelegger studied law, the EU Council presidency in the first is married and has two children. Annual Report 2020 ICMPD Annual Report

11 THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 Through the pandemic, place of Editorial work and place of residence have ON TALENT ATTRACTION: become disconnected for many AN UNEXPECTED migrants, bringing about another OPPORTUNITY FOR 2020 ICMPD Annual Report shift in international migration THE EU? patterns. Justyna Segeš Frelak, Oleg Chirita, Sergo Mananashvili

2020 will go down as a year that The crisis has taken a heavy toll on and keeping our societies up and growing by about 0.3% annually − upended lives, systems and the modus many lesser-skilled migrants and those running. Recognising the critical role whereas labour demand was increasing operandi of the entire world. This overrepresented in the sectors most played by migrants in these sectors, by approximately 1%. Growing labour past year saw severe public health and affected by the crisis (e.g. hospitality or 13 several countries and regions moved market shortages, although spread economic crises coupled with unprec- cleaning services). In particular, it has swiftly to attract and keep international very unevenly among Member States, edented changes in global mobility. Bor- hurt labour market outcomes, including health care and other key workers. and technological transformations that ders were closed, visa processes frozen unemployment rates that are rising Such creative approaches, including affect the composition of the workforce and exceptional travel restrictions sharply alongside increased return to easing accreditation restrictions and and labour market needs, will lead to imposed – all overnight. The exponen- countries of origin.1 While less skilled extending temporary residence, reflect higher demand for migrant workers tial loss of resources and livelihoods migrants have limited choices in a the growing recognition that migrants, with the requisite skills and qualifica- suddenly suffered by tens of millions of job-scarce labour market, international refugees and the diaspora are key tions. Given various economic, demo- migrant workers has impacted well-be- talent has gradually adapted to the new to responding to, recovering from graphic and social considerations as ing across the board. situation. With the shifting economy and "building back better" after the well as upcoming transformations, the and changing work patterns, many pandemic.2 At the EU level, COVID-19 EU will need to draw on international 2020: THE YEAR OF SHIFTING WORK have moved back to their country of has made Member States more aware of talent if it is to recover from the effects AND MOBILITY PATTERNS origin, telecommuting across borders. their dependence on foreign labour in of the pandemic and achieve a green, The place of work and place of resi- certain high-demand sectors. digital economic transition that keeps it In the midst of efforts in Europe dence have thus become disconnected competitive on a global scale. and elsewhere to grow the workforce, for many migrants, bringing about THE EU AND THE GLOBAL RACE FOR COVID-19 has caused a fundamental another shift in international migration TALENT BEYOND COVID-19 Despite progress made towards a global shift in the ways in which people patterns. joint framework for legal migration work and move. It has cast doubt on the Population ageing has long been and developments at the national level, importance of the physical dimension But not everyone can do their job accelerating in Europe, putting pres- EU Member States have been less of work and pushed the adaption to the remotely. This is especially true for sure on labour markets throughout successful than other OECD countries new work-from-home environment. It workers in health and agriculture, the continent. Prior to the COVID-19 in attracting skilled migrants. The has also made mobility more costly and sectors that employ a high number of outbreak, estimates indicated that, complexity of existing rules at both subject to changes as the health crisis migrants – and that have been deemed across Europe, the labour supply was the EU and member state level and continues to unfold. essential in responding to COVID-19

2 EMN, OECD (2020). Inform # 3 – Maintaining labour migration in essential sectors in times of 1 OECD (2020). What is the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on immigrants and their children? pandemic. Series of EMN-OECD provides information about the impact of COVID-19 in the area OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19), 19 October 2020. of migration, 21 October 2020. At the EU level, Cooperation frameworks such

COVID-19 has Editorial as the EU Talent Partnerships made Member can facilitate the mobility of States more international talent.

aware of their 2020 ICMPD Annual Report dependence on foreign labour in certain high-demand sectors. diverging national approaches hampers shortages in different sectors. The New frameworks and policies, policymakers progress. For the most part, interna- Pact recognises that, while activating often focus on single or ad hoc meas- tional job matching thus remains both and upskilling the domestic workforce ures, e.g. determining who has access to costly and ineffective. This practice 15 is necessary, these efforts will not the labour market or launching ‘buzzy’ is further hampered by a lack of sufficiently address all shortages in the attraction campaigns. In pursuing such resources and know-how on employing labour market. The New Pact high- an approach, they may be overlooking migrant workers, especially among lights the potential of foreign migrant other issues of equal importance for small- and medium-sized enterprises. workers, including in the COVID-19 talent attraction – and retention. For it The requirements of Europe’s highly context. Against this backdrop, it is is usually not just the job offer or legal specialised and formalised labour invigorating to see the Commission pathway that attracts the highest level markets also prove difficult to meet for propose an innovative tool in the New of talent – it is also career opportuni- many migrants.3 Pact, namely EU Talent Partnerships. ties for partners, a good education for This initiative is envisioned as a single their children, and a high quality of life With the EU labour market groaning framework aiming to “offer cooperation overall. under the weight of COVID-19, June with partner countries and help boost 2020 saw the release of the European mutually-beneficial international The OECD Indicators of Talent Skills Agenda for sustainable competi- mobility”. Attractiveness, for instance, highlight tiveness, social fairness and resilience, In the same vein, the European several policy areas that influence a calling for a paradigm shift on skills Commission’s New Pact on Migration WHAT ARE THE PREREQUISITES FOR talent’s decision to move, including across the EU’s strategic approach to and Asylum (September 2020) − aimed EFFECTIVE BILATERAL COOPERATION those related to integration (e.g. legal migration. The Skills Agenda at giving a “fresh start” to a system ON TALENT? employment, income, citizenship) and is oriented towards better attracting that “manages” and “normalises” the wider environment (e.g. tax rates, and keeping talent and acknowledges migration – placed an emphasis on A question remains as to whether gender equality). Such considerations the need to improve legal pathways, increased cooperation with partner enhanced bilateral cooperation on underscore the importance of aligning enhance skills matching and better countries on legal pathways. The object talent circulation alone will provide the migration and integration policies with recognise the competences of migrants. is to address emerging demographic necessary boost to the EU labour mar- talent attraction aspirations and strat- shifts, labour market needs and skills ket. When designing talent attraction egies, ensuring that they do not run in

3 European Commission (2019). Fitness check on EU Legislation on legal migration, 29 March 2019. The role of the private sector in The current

designing and implementing the Editorial crisis will Talent Partnerships will be crucial change the to achieving their full potential. migration

Annual Report 2020 ICMPD Annual Report landscape in a number of ways, but it will not close the skills gap experienced across the opposite directions, while demanding UNLOCKING THE POTENTIAL OF THE internships or other on-the-job training that policy areas work together towards PRIVATE SECTOR opportunities to prospective migrants. regions of a common goal. 17 The private sector is also best placed The role of the private sector to assess third country skills shortages, the world, Cooperation frameworks such as the in designing and implementing the and can be encouraged to support the EU Talent Partnerships can facilitate Talent Partnerships will be crucial development of the socio-economic including the the mobility of international talent. to achieving their full potential. This fabric within which they operate by ICMPD’s implementation of the Mobility will require not only the involvement investing resources or promoting Partnership Facility pilot projects on of businesses in need of international measures to meet current and future EU. legal migration has shown the necessity talent but also of European businesses demand. If framed in this way, the of creating a supportive, inclusive operating, and perhaps wishing to Talent Partnerships hold the potential ecosystem around such cooperation if expand, in partner countries – as well to unlock foreign direct investment and sustainable results are to be achieved. as those looking to invest. promote the competitiveness of SMEs in This means not limiting the framework promising markets. to effective migration regulations and There are several reasons why these bilateral cooperation but also building groups can contribute to skills and HOW SHOULD THE TALENT PARTNER- appropriate skills identification match- talent development through mobility. SHIPS BE USED? ing systems, (up)skilling and incor- Central among them is the fact that porating education components, both European businesses active in third The global pandemic has brought all growth in labour demand will occur in countries of origin and destination. countries have a vested interest in to the surface a series of labour market in high-wage jobs, meaning that many Especially when origin countries are contributing to skills creation to ensure needs and challenges. It has acceler- low-wage workers would need to shift facing acute brain drain, these types of their own long-term prosperity both ated many existing trends, including to higher wage occupations requiring partnerships can help strike the right locally and internationally. Businesses remote work and technological transfor- different skillsets.4 balance between domestic needs and could facilitate agile upskilling solu- mation. New skills will also be required the demands of the international labour tions by providing support for training for recovery, chiefly in relation to the The current crisis will change the market. activities (inside and outside the transition to greener, digitally driven migration landscape in a number of EU), particularly if they can provide economies. It is estimated that almost ways, but it will not close the skills

4 Lund, S. et al. (2021). The future of work after COVID-19. Kinsey Global Institute, Report, 18 February 2021. New skills Such schemes require establishing

will also be Editorial − and sustaining − enabling required for ecosystems, including robust recovery, governance structures, policy

chiefly in 2020 ICMPD Annual Report and legislative frameworks, relation to administrative practices, the transition institutional infrastructure, whilst to greener, building sustainable public- digitally driven private and multi-stakeholder economies. partnerships. After all, it is the private sector which will play a conceptualisation and operationalisation of the Talent Partnerships should be predicated on a number of policy, make-or-break role in any success legal and institutional considerations, , 19 as well as on insights drawn from past of such partnerships. experiences. In short, such schemes require establishing − and sustaining − gap experienced across the regions of enabling ecosystems, including robust the world, including the EU. Reduced governance structures, policy and transnational mobility may further legislative frameworks, administrative induce technological progress in sec- practices, institutional infrastructure, tors that typically depend on temporary whilst building sustainable public-pri- migrants to fill labour shortages. To vate and multi-stakeholder partnership. attract international professionals who After all, it is the private sector which are not physically bound to an employer, will play a make-or-break role in any labour migration frameworks will need success of such partnerships. Only to respond better to remote working by when all these conditions are in place, incorporating tailored measures such will the Talent Partnerships prove truly as remote work visas, digital residency successful and display the strength and revised taxation schemes. required to endure in the long term. ICMPD will continue to work with The Talent Partnerships thus our public and private partners in potentially represent a powerful Europe, Africa and Asia to untangle the instrument for cooperation between the complexities of talent partnerships and EU and its key partner countries − to make them beneficial to all sides of the meet the labour market needs of both equation. sides, as well as private sector priorities; to support the transition towards more inclusive, knowledge-based economies that are both digital and green; and, ultimately, to underpin the post-pandemic recovery. However, the WHY DO WE USE THIS MAP? GLOBAL EMIGRANTS 2020 The Dymaxion Map created by Buckminster Fuller seeks to have us look differently at our planet. (IN MILLIONS) In this visualisation, there is no up or down, so the Northern Hem- isphere is no longer dominant. Annual Report 2020 ICMPD ASIA

Total number of emigrants 86.8 Share of the population 1.87%

OCEANIA

Total number of emigrants 2.1 Share of the population 4.91%

NORTHERN AMERICA

Total number of emigrants 4.5 Share of the population 1.23%

EUROPE LATIN AMERICA AND Total number of emigrants 61.1 THE CARIBBEAN Share of the population 8.18% Total number of emigrants 40.4 Share of the population 6.19%

AFRICA

Total number of emigrants 65.2 Share of the population 4.86%

WORLD

Population 7.7

Total number of emigrants 271.6

Share of the population 3.52% Sources: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs ILLEGAL BORDER CROSSINGS 2014 – 2020 Annual Report 2020 ICMPD 20: 35,6 2 0 7 20: 26,9 0: 20

0: 3 : 1 2 0 1 ,2 0 3 2 ,0 2 7, 2 8 2 2 8

0 2 0 0

2 9 2

2 8

9: 83 01 ,3 : : 2 9: 1 9: 15 2 3 9 2 9 1 4 1 ,1 3 1 ,7 1 3 0 ,0 0 2 0 1 ,9 0 7 2 0 2

2 8

2 6 3 9

8: 18: 57 : 2 01 56 8: 1,3 ,0 8 3 8: 5 , 0 1 ,4 1 ,8 2 5 1 2 3 0 2 0 8 6

0 6

3 2

4 9

2 5

2 1

17: 118, 20 96 2 17: 17: 12 17: 42 0 4 : 0 , 0 ,3 2 17 23 2 1 2 2 0 ,1 7 0

1 4

2 5 3

016: 182 016: 181, 6: 13 2 ,2 2 45 01 0,2 7 9 2 6 7 1 6: 1 16: 6 01 0, 0 7 2 2 3

2 1 1

5: 1 201 53, 94 15 6 0 : 7,1 15: 8 2 6

0 7 4 2 4 2015: 764,038 2015: 885,386

14: 170 20 ,66 4 14: 53 20 ,3 5 4: 5 4: 4: 7 7 1 0 1 2 1 ,8 0 ,8 0 7 0 4 2 2 2 3

2 6 4 Western Balkans Western Mediterranean Eastern Source: Frontex, Detections of illegal border crossings West Africa West Central Mediterranean Central Mediterranean Source: Eurostat, Frontex Western Mediterranean Mediterranean Western 2019/2020 ILLEGAL BORDER CROSSINGS EU ASYLUM APPLICATIONS AND EU IN2020 ASYLUM SEEKERS INTHE MAIN DESTINATIONS OF 20,000 40,000 60,000 88,540 a 9 p 9Ag–1 e 9Mrh–0Jl 0Nov–20 July–20 March–20 Dec–19 Aug–19 Apr–19 Jan –19

93,475

16,735

15,320

122,015 26,550

15,895 14,195

39,675 18.83% S U R BEL FRA AUT ESP START OF TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS DUE TO COVID-19 3.02% 19.88% 3.56%

ASYLUM APPLICATIONS EU27 ILLEGAL BORDERCROSSINGSEU 6,940 3.26% L GER NLD 25.95% 5.65% I TA 3.38% W R CYP GRE SWE 8.44% 1.48% ICMPD Annual Report 20202019 Source: Eurostat, Asylum Applications by citizenship, age and sex 25 Projects 2020 Trust Fund for Africa (MENOA) Trust Africa Fund for Translocal Figurations of Displaced Research and Policy, (SPRING) (SPRING) (FIMAS+YOUTH) (SPRING) (PERCEPTIONS) Strategy Strategy Africa window ofAfrica the EU Emergency es for young refugees in Austria Austria in refugees young for es evaluation system for the North of of North the for system evaluation qualifications Complementary pathways for adult adult for pathways Complementary subsidiary protection on the labour labour the on protection subsidiary Understand the impact of novel novel of impact the Understand Sustainable Practices of INteGration Sustainable Practices of INteGration Support for the completion and im- and completion the for Support Female Families (TRAFIG) market – information, mobilisation and and mobilisation –information, market migration on abroad countries in perceptions (TALENTAS) nia Lithua- in policy atalent of mentation and monitoring the of plementation refugees: the role of VET, skills and and VET, of skills role the refugees: Developing a strategy for the imple the for astrategy Developing Norway Norway Labour market integration process integration in Austria, Germany and and Germany Austria, in integration technologies, social media, and ter-approaches, tools and practices coun validated provide EU and the

beneficiaries (FARIM) flows (REF-VET) (REF-VET) and

the

asylum security

and

- - - Africa Technical train education vocational (FMM WA) (FMM A study on the situation of migrants/ of situation the on A study (EUTF-SBS Ghana) Ghana) (EUTF-SBS Ghana Organised crime: West African re African West crime: Organised sponse sons and migration in West Africa Africa West in migration and sons ICMPD Niger-Nigeria countering traf ficking and Migration Africa-EU to Support Strengthening border security and Strengthening border security and border Strengthening migration Support for free movement of per- of movement free for Support refugees in Tunis and Bamako and the the Tunis and in Bamako and refugees management in (SMMIG) Ghana (MMD II) II) II Dialogue (MMD Mobility ( PPF) (PPF) them on COVID-19 of impact ing and youth employment in Nigeria Nigeria in employment youth and ing the fight in to against human trafficking human beings (OCWAR-T) (OCWAR-T) trafficking

- in -

ICMPD Annual Report 2020 27 Asia (EECA) Europe & Eastern Central Central (TAC Armenia) (TAC Armenia) Armenia (EU Impact for Armenia) for Impact (EU Armenia (ENIGMMA-2) Georgia (ENIGMMA-2) dation centre for asylum seekers in in seekers asylum for centre dation Construction ofConstruction accommo temporary (EU4IBM) (EU4IBM) Ukraine Sustaining migration management inSustaining migration EU initiative to migrants’ increase po in IBM strengthening to EU support (MPF -PP) (MPF III and II Phase Process Phase 10 Phase Mobility Partnership Facility - Prague Partnership Mobility Border management in Central Asia - Asia Central in management Border tential to act for the development of of development the for act to tential (BOMCA) (BOMCA)

- - Interregional Trainings for development oriented (FReM III) Global/ Global EU Diaspora Facility (GDF) Facility EU Diaspora Global (MPF II) II) and III (MPF Countries Countries Forced-Return Monitoring III Monitoring Forced-Return (Training DOM) DOM) migration (Training (MIEUX +) +) (MIEUX governance migration European Return and Reintegration Reintegration and Return European Expertise: providing short-term exper providingExpertise: short-term jointEU-ICMPD initiative Migration EU Network (ERRIN) Network Neighbourhood and Enlargement Neighbourhood Mobility Partnership Facility Phase II Partnership Mobility for migration seminars in seminars the EUfor migration Logistical and technical support support technical and Logistical tise to partner countries to enhance enhance to countries partner to tise

Western Balkans & Turkey

Strengthening utilisation of additional policies and measures for reinforcing migration management in Turkey (SUPREME) Annual Report 2020 ICMPD Annual Report

Supporting institutional capacity of DGMM (Directorate General of Migra- tion Management) and policy development processes in the area of asylum (PACT)

Sustainable migration management Silk Routes through supporting implementation of development-sensitive migration policies and initiatives in Turkey Mediterranean Improving migration management in (SUMMIT) the Silk Routes Countries (Silk Routes – III) Technical assistance for cooperation Enhanced capability for integrat- with civil society on migration and in- ed border management in Lebanon EU-India cooperation and dialogue ternational protection (TACSO) (IBM Lebanon - Phase II) on migration and mobility (India CAMM) EU support to effective management Border management programme for 29 of green and blue borders of Albania the Maghreb region (BMP Maghreb) Integrated border management in the (EU4SAFEALB) Silk Routes Countries Operationalisation of national migra- (IBM Silk Routes) Pooling diaspora resources and ex- tion strategy phase I (PROGRESS) pertise for business creation and Enhanced capability for integrated Establishing responsive and sustain- expansion into (mostly) rural regions Mediterranean city-to-city migration border management in Lebanon able migrant resource centres in Iraq of Serbia (Link up 2019) profiles & dialogue (IBM Lebanon - Phase III) (MRC Iraq) (MC2MC Phase II) Enhancement of entrepreneurship Support to the mobility partnership Establishing migrant resource cen- capacities for sustainable socio-eco- Strengthening the evidence base for (MP) between the European Union tres in Bangladesh nomic integration (FRIT Programme) migration policies; a central migra- (EU) and the Hashemite Kingdom of (MRC Bangladesh) tion data management solution for Jordan (JEMPAS II) Strengthening Migration Management Jordan (MIDAM) Awareness raising on migration in Authorities in Kosovo* III Support programme to integrated Pakistan (MARIP II PAK) (MIMAK III) IBM Lebanon, Netherlands assis- border management in Tunisia tance to Lebanese border agencies (IBM Tunisia III) Budapest Process activities Drafting of a national IBM strate- (IBM Lebanon Phase IV - NL) gy and updating of the National Ac- Euromed Migration V - Euro-Mediter- Awareness raising and information tion Plan to implement Turkey’s IBM Swiss support to IBM in Lebanon ranean dialogue and cooperation on campaigns on the risks of irregular Strategy (IBM Lebanon Phase II - CH) migration, mobility and international migration in Pakistan (PARIM) protection (Euromed V) Research on child trafficking and la- Building, disseminating and opera- Information and capacity building on bour trafficking in Turkey to support tionalising evidence-driven migration Netherlands assistance to Jordanian asylum, legal and irregular migration evidence-based policy formulation governance policy and practice in border control agencies (IBM) in Afghanistan, Iraq and the Western and DGMM decisions on Turkey’s North Africa (eMGPP) Balkans (IKAM) anti-trafficking response Support to the implementation of the Integrated border management sup- national strategy on migration in Tu- * All references to Kosovo in this document should be understood to be in the context of port Jordan (IBM Jordan) nisia (PROGRES) United Nations Security Council resolution 1244 (1999). Research 31 Unit INFORMATION ON International Migrants MIGRATION RISKS AND Policy and Research Policy OPPORTUNITIES 8,000,000 Interventions in countries of origin can empower mi- 7,000,000 Annual Report 2020 ICMPD Annual Report 6,000,000 grants to make the informed decisions on migration 5,000,000 that they need to make prior to migrating. 4,000,000 3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 0 Afghanistan Bangladesh Pakistan Afghanistan Bangladesh Pakistan Afghanistan Bangladesh Pakistan Afghanistan Bangladesh Pakistan Afghanistan Bangladesh Pakistan

2000 2005 2010 2015 2019

GCC South Asia Europe South Asian migrants are an important majority of intending migrants surveyed (67 global force – they make up significant per- per cent) were unaware of any legal migra- Source UN DESA centages of the workforce in Asia and the tion opportunities. They received their infor- Pacific, the Middle East, and Europe. Re- mation mainly from agents or agencies that search tells us that most of the emigra- often provided false or deceptive information tion from this region occurs through legal and charged exorbitant recruitment fees. 33 channels, often organised through bilateral There is a dearth of accurate information agreements with destination countries and on migration opportunities, which also dif- Understanding and tackling processes of radicalisation transnational recruitment agencies. Forced fers considerably by gender and across the and violent extremism displacement is an important push factor urban-rural divide. Intending migrant wom- as well. en – a growing demographic for Bangladesh Last year’s terrorist research question: Do A subset of these migrants do, howev- – have even more limited access to migra- attacks in several Eu- we, as migration and er, migrate irregularly and arrive in Europe tion-related information than migrant men. ropean cities remind- integration experts, in precarious circumstances. During their Moreover, for rural populations, there is a ed us that extremism know enough? Radi- migration journey, migrants are faced with substantial lack of access to official informa- and radicalisation have calisation and violent myriad risks of being defrauded, exposed to tion on migration, as there are only a few or not waned but are a extremism are pro- main concern for both cesses that draw on a inhumane conditions, and subjected to ex- no institutions to provide migration-related the public and policy- polarisation between ploitation or trafficking. For this reason, ded- information. As Afghanistan shows, they of- makers. In the frame- different groups in icated research supported ICMPD’s Migrant ten cannot afford an internet connection or work of ICMPD’s Annu- society. Social cohe- Resource Centres in the region in their ef- lack the e-literacy/computer literacy to find al Policy Initiative and sion, a fundamental forts to provide accurate information on the accurate information on their own. in exchange with re- pillar in any society, nowned experts from is seen as a key factor risks of irregular migration and to promote in- We see from this research that more tar- academia, civil socie- in preventing radi- formation on safe and legal migration. geted information outreach in countries of ty and ICMPD’s Mem- calisation and violent With a focus on Afghanistan, Bangladesh origin is needed. ICMPD in the region is al- ber States, we asked extremism. and Pakistan, research among persons con- ready adapting to better address the needs the most fundamental cerned indicates that access to reliable infor- particularly of rural areas and to partner with mation on risks and opportunities is largely trusted local actors. Cutting out the middle- non-existent for many who consider emi- men – whether illegal sub-agents, smugglers gration. Migrants from these countries are or traffickers – would go a long way towards highly dependent on the services of interme- improving migrants’ experiences and expec- diaries such as illegal recruiter sub-agents or tations as regards migration. other middlemen as their main sources of information. In Pakistan, for example, the vast Policy 35 Unit area would act as a major enabler of secure SELECTED READINGS SECURITY: A CONTENTIOUS intra-EU mobility and aid a return to free internal circulation sooner rather than later. ● Safeguarding human and public secu- This was echoed in our other analysis for rity in the new migration agenda [Report on AND PERMANENT FEATURE the European Parliament, which found that ICMPD’s Annual Policy Initiative 2020] an effective mechanism for evaluating and ● The state of play of Schengen govern- monitoring the implementation of Schengen ance. An assessment of the Schengen eval- Policy and Research Policy OF MIGRATION AND rules and legislation helps ensure the mutu- uation and monitoring mechanism in its first al trust that is fundamental for the removal multiannual programme [Study for the Euro- of internal borders. Thus, our conversations pean Parliament] Annual Report 2020 ICMPD Annual Report MOBILITY DEBATES underscored that an effective system is one ● Climate change and migration: Legal that can integrate the protection of legitimate and policy challenges and responses to en- Mobility and the way migration is managed are intrinsically security concerns regarding human and vironmentally induced migration [Study for connected to state and human security. Threats to state and state security in a holistic approach – and the European Parliament] human security have both limited and spurred movement in the that these can even reinforce each other. ● Blogs on “COVID-19 – Migration in the age of biosecurity”, “Refuge in the time past. No situation, however, affected mobility and migration as of corona”, “Schengen’s summertime blues” much as the COVID-19 pandemic did in 2020. and “Asylum reception during the pandemic: How can systems become more resilient?”

Migration and security are separate policy demic has disproportionately affected mi- State Security, Human Security, and Migration fields, although they do actually overlap as grants, including those seeking protection in part of border control, international protec- Europe. Our work on international protection tion and other issues. Landmark events, included a look at the ways in which asylum including acts of terrorism and large move- systems are responding to the evolving situ- ments of migrants and refugees to Europe ation, whether this means putting elements Intra-EU in 2015 and 2016, have fuelled the debate on pause or working creatively to keep sys- 37 mobility over the relationship between migration and tems running.

security. In such debates, human security While temporarily overshadowed by the Technology Return and Asylum and and state security are often portrayed as op- health crisis, climate change remains a top international posing aims, meaning that emphasis on one policy issue in Europe and one with impor- readmission protection aspect detracts from the other. In our Annu- tant and increasing implications for both Security along al Policy Initiative 2020, we examined the human and state security. Although climate the routes increasingly complex relationship between change itself is rarely the only aspect spur- N A migration and security, including the new sa- ring migration, it can exacerbate difficulties Health M A N D U Integration lience that the pandemic has given biosecu- related to conflict, poverty, and other factors H S and social T rity and public health issues as well as the cohesion that can drive migration and displacement. G A T latest policy developments, most notably the The Policy Unit co-authored a report for the N I New Pact on Migration and Asylum. European Parliament that offers recom- E

Climate D MIGRATION

The outbreak of COVID-19 might ulti- mendations on better addressing protection S COVID-19

R POLICY

change E

mately have the most far-reaching impact needs arising in the context of environmen- A

U on migration in the security context, given tal migration and displacement in Europe U

the way it has reshaped all aspects of our and beyond. R E Law

T F

Y lives. The pandemic has already resulted Our expert discussions in 2020 covered A S enforcement in immediate restrictions on entry, wheth- the security-related aspects of proposals er taking the form of border closures, tight- included in the new Pact on Migration and Radicalisation ened screenings or testing and quarantine Asylum in addition to policy developments Narratives requirements. Movement restrictions have in our Member States. These exchang-

Border had a significant impact on the global econ- es showed that indeed there is space for a management omy and the availability of foreign workers in pragmatic agenda in many migration-relat- Biosecurity migrant-dependent sectors. In our work on ed policy areas that can serve to safeguard labour migration, we focused on the ways both human and state security. Taking Eu- International in which Member States’ talent attraction ef- rope as an example, a better functioning mobility Gender forts can pivot to meet new challenges and security policy at the external border that en- opportunities. At the same time, the pan- joys high confidence across the Schengen Migration 39 Dialogues important migration regions. In its secretari- Valletta Summit on Migration, where Afri- THE PIVOTAL ROLE OF at role, ICMPD supports leading and partic- can and European partners agreed upon ipating states by providing strategic advice concrete operational measures to address and information, migration expertise and ad- migration. MIGRATION DIALOGUES IN ministrative support. Serving in this capacity The Continent-to-Continent Migration puts ICMPD in a unique position in terms of and Mobility Dialogue (C2CMMD) builds on regional networks and knowledge as well as the strategic partnership between the African THE MIGRATION GOVER- Migration Dialogues geographic and thematic outreach. Union and the European Union to address In most dialogues, the policy direction is migration issues in a spirit of partnership and decided upon at ministerial level. Ministeri- shared responsibility and in full respect of in- Annual Report 2020 ICMPD Annual Report NANCE PROCESS al declarations, sometimes with accompa- ternational law. nying work plans, set the thematic priorities, specific objectives and targets for coopera- In 2020, the Rabat Process strength- Migration dialogues play a critical role in the process tion for a specific period. Dialogues include ened Member States’ ownership of the of linking countries and regions and in developing several activities: working group meetings, dialogue and their participation in its opera- important networks among migration administra- capacity-building measures and national im- tional direction through the appointment of plementation activities planned to reach the reference or “champion” countries for each tions. By providing strategic advice, expertise and cooperation objectives. In many processes, domain under the Marrakesh Action Plan. In administrative support, ICMPD actively engages this work is overseen by high-level senior of- 2020, new tools including studies, collec- in several important intergovernmental migration ficials’ meetings that are mandated to follow tions and guides were shared with Member dialogues. up on ministerial conclusions. States to support their development of and Considering how important the regional decision-making on migration policy. In that perspective is in international migration, same year, the Khartoum Process further ICMPD has adopted a regional approach in consolidated its framework for policy and di- its work and is fostering close relationships alogue among its Member States under the with regions that connect with Europe. The chairmanship of the Netherlands. Over the past 30 years, aim is to create efficient cooperation and Within the framework of the Valletta Pro- dialogues have become partnerships along migration routes. cess, to fulfil the mandate conferred at the powerful tools for fos- 41 ICMPD has organised its work in priority 2018 Senior Officials’ Meeting in Addis Aba- ICMPD was founded in 1993, at a time when tering migration coop- build networks among regions closely connected to the migration ba by the Valletta partners, the Steering migration in Europe saw dramatic changes eration and effective administrations and dialogues it supports. The dialogue activities Committees of the Khartoum and Rabat Pro- ways of driving a com- following political developments in Eastern mon migration agen- create spaces to find are flanked by capacity-building measures cesses guided the Joint Valletta Action Plan Europe and the wars leading up to the disso- da forward. ICMPD common language, as well as policy and research activities. (JVAP) update exercise with the aim of deter- lution of Yugoslavia. Politicians realised they runs the secretariat for paths and solutions. These three approaches mutually reinforce mining delivery to date and acknowledging needed a new platform for discussing mi- the Budapest Process, The dialogues of- their respective impact and quality. recent policy developments. gration among states that had very different the Prague Process, ten go beyond formal C2CMMD continued to pursue its op- the Rabat Process, interests and priorities. States were seeking the Khartoum Process frameworks by setting FOSTERING DIALOGUE, COOPERATION erational objectives by facilitating activities an efficient way to build cooperation, forge and the Mediterrane- more ambitious objec- AND STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS ON to advance the stakeholders’ priorities of new bonds and exchange information on an Transit Migration tives that allow them ALL LEVELS mutual interest linked to improving the gov- migration. Dialogue. In this role, to overcome differenc- ernance of safe and regular migration and They found it by creating the first truly in- the organisation sup- es and find common- With regard to the cooperation between mobility within Africa and between Africa ports the participating ter-regional migration dialogue, the Budapest states by providing ad- alities on all topics. Africa and Europe the Rabat and Khartoum and Europe. Process. This dialogue created an informal vice and information. They build trust be- Processes serve as a forum for political dia- political setting, providing an opportunity to tween partners, which logue and cooperation on migration between In the Mediterranean region, the City- agree on policy targets and standards for is needed to initiate operational cooperation, countries of origin, transit and destination. to-City Migration initiative (under the MTM cooperation without legally binding the par- and have become an essential part of how The Khartoum Process engages the EU and Dialogue) entered its fifth year of operation. ticipating states. It gave states the freedom we govern migration. ICMPD now supports the Horn of Africa countries in tackling ir- In 2017, a network of nine major cities in the to engage in more ambitious cooperation, some of the most important migration dia- regular migration, such as human trafficking Mediterranean working on improving local share information freely and create important logues linking Europe, Asia and Africa. and migrant smuggling, while the Rabat Pro- migration governance was consolidated and professional networks. One of the first tasks cess brings together national governments will be enlarged to include several more cit- of the newly founded ICMPD was to support CONNECTING REGIONS in Europe as well as North, Central and West ies in the future. the Budapest Process as its secretariat. Africa to discuss migration under a broad Nowadays, dialogues have become a The organisation fulfils the secretariat strategic framework. Throughout 2020, the Prague Process powerful tool fostering migration cooperation role for the Budapest Process, the Prague The Rabat and Khartoum Processes continued to implement a range of activities and an effective way to drive a common mi- Process, the Rabat Process, the Khartoum continue to monitor the implementation of in its Migration Observatory and Training gration agenda forward. Migration dialogues Process and the Mediterranean Transit Mi- the JVAP, a political declaration and a com- Academy. While the outbreak of COVID-19 connect countries along migration routes, gration (MTM) Dialogue — all of which cover mon action plan adopted during the 2015 led to the cancelation of all planned face-to- ments. icy talks on key migration policy develop webinar series towebinar online and trainings series pol introduced newly the from ranging activities remote overadozen of implementation ful success- the in resulted 2020 April in Chair) Process Prague (former by Lithuania ward for- put plan contingency the events, face clusively ex reserved tool learning adistant platform, e-learning Prague Process forthcoming the on feature will which migration), bour elaboration the and publications analytical adozen of ti-year projects, which provide knowledge mul regional two through Routes Silk the Budapest Process has operational ties along meetings some adapted Process Budapest the more, cess Czech the to Lithuania from over handed also was chairmanship meeting, the Prague Process developments to shareanother chance latest their policy states attending the offered and survey this half second the in presidency EU Council Czech the during Prague in place take to set ence, Confer Ministerial 4th the to up roadmap its knowledge. and human solidarity management, rights, migration comprehensive to partnership, commitments Pakistan: and Iraq Iran, desh, a on with Bangla Afghanistan, focus gration Mi- for Partnership Routes Silk 2019 the on in made commitments the advance to ued flexibly the of implementation the of launch successful a to leading COVID-19, from faced it tions beings, the in migration on COVID-19 of effects the on ly ing cover migration, velopment, and irregular de skills namely including labour migration, areas, priority two on focusing have been fied identi be to priorities and needs thematic their allowed 2020 in states Process Prague and opportunity nual on migrant Call short, of as In 2020, the Budapest Process contin Process Budapest the 2020, In contributions Senior states. irregular 2022, Republic. as well The to and return for for to the medium Action. smuggling, of past to Officials’ The include state A survey and new flows a first reflect and their dialogue year The beyond to officials conditions and reintegration. cooperation The overall specific and the online on provided Meeting new also carried long trafficking dialogue process. the labour to reacted of chair saw expectations course 2027. term, key considerations the and out the mobility. needs. introduced findings Prague Further partners among The restric in specifical swiftly (on release human an la At an The Pro of of - - and - all ------the

- -

- - - -

trafficking grated for management, example,migration inte of areas several in partners between eration governance. continued in different aspects of migration development strategy and policy to Support line u and migration management requires cooperation that ICMPD have convinced efforts These particular. in media social using continued, Centres es Resourc- Migrants the through activities ing arising needs countries’ the to respond to procured grated border management, equipment was management and inte migration hancing the on countries partner of needs emerging on past ses this same approach to facilitate coop facilitate to approach same this ses ground. training partnership Supporting migration dialogues over migration theSupporting 25 border from years and

Through platform COVID-19. In has management, diaspora addition, at also all was these levels. influenced The matters. awareness-rais also projects Silk the

ICMPD established. fight Routes ICMPD. on n against ow en on - -

- -

ICMPD Annual Report 2020 43 and Turkey Western Balkans ICMPD HAS FURTHER INCREASED ITS IMPACT ON MIGRATION MANAGEMENT Building Capacity

IN TURKEY AND THE 2020 ICMPD Annual Report WESTERN BALKANS Both Turkey and the Western Balkans remained focal points with respect to international migration routes in 2020. ICMPD extended its portfolio of activities in Turkey, which range from policy development to support and training for entrepreneurs. In the Western Balkans, ICMPD focused its activities on capacity Throughout 2020, ICMPD continued to extend its building for institutions and diaspora matters. portfolio in Turkey. This portfolio covers a wide range of thematic areas including regular and ir- TURKEY regular migration, migra- procedures in the asylum context. tion policy development, This support, provided within the asylum and international 45 With return and protection, trafficking in framework of the ongoing UK-funded reintegration being a topic human beings, migration PACT project, had a specific focus of central importance for and civil society, and mi- on developing alternative policy Turkey, ICMPD focused gration and development. scenarios on the future of the tem- Notable efforts were made its migration management porary protection regime for Syrians in the socio-economic in- activities on strengthen- tegration of migrants and in Turkey. It also involved analysing ing the development of refugees, as well as in in- the existing international protection policies and operational ter-regional and cross-re- system, supporting the improvement strategies for irregular gional cooperation. of refugee status determination pro- migration and return, on cedures and strengthening Turkey’s supporting national operations for assisted country of origin information mechanism voluntary return, on exploring possibilities through capacity-building activities. for introducing reintegration policies, and Capacity-building support to national on enhancing cooperation with countries institutions in the field of anti-trafficking of origin. All this was done through the started with providing trainings to the staff UK-funded project Strengthening Utilisa- of the Ministry of Family, Labour and Social tion of Additional Policies and Measures Services. It then continued with a new for Reinforcing Migration Management in project focusing specifically on research to Turkey (SUPREME). expand the knowledge base and to fill the The project successfully contributed gaps for evidence-based policymaking in to the strengthening of Turkey’s migration Turkey on child and labour trafficking affect- partnerships with Pakistan and Afghani- ing Syrians under temporary protection. stan, the two main countries of origin for In a whole-of-society approach, ICMPD migrants in Turkey, and to the establishment helped to strengthen the capacity of civil of a national system for assisted voluntary society organisations working on migration return. ICMPD also continued to support the and international protection and to foster strengthening of the capacity of the Turkish their cooperation with public institutions national asylum system and the promo- through the TACSO project funded by EU tion of evidence-based, decision-making IPA. SUPREME SHIFT Strengthening Utilisation After eighteen months, of Additional Policies and September 2020 saw the Measures for Reinforcing Building Capacity end of a SHIFT project Migration Management in in Turkey entitled En- Turkey is a project aimed hancing Occupation- at further strengthening al Staff Capacity of the

migration management in 2020 ICMPD Annual Report Ministry of Family, La- Turkey. It takes a comple- bour and Social Servic- mentary approach to cov- es Working in the Field er all indispensable ele- of Women Fighting ments of the full-fledged Against Human Traf- work being done in this ficking. area. The project is funded by the United King- Its aim was to enhance dom; ICMPD is respon- the capacity of the oc- sible for its management cupational staff of the and implementation. ministry at the central and provincial levels to The project started on 1 evaluate and help actu- April 2019 and runs un- al and potential victims til March 2021. It focus- of trafficking who were es on developing policies receiving women-tar- and operational strate- geted services from the gies and on enhancing co- services units of the operation with countries ministry. The main tar- of origin. It also aims to get group was the staff support the proper func- working for the Vio- MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT The signature tioning of the nation- lence Prevention and that provide entre- through the Serbian diaspora in Austria, activities of the al operations for assisted 47 Monitoring Centre that preneurial or labour Switzerland and Germany (DACH countries) voluntary return and to provides 7/24 counsel- On migration and development, ICMPD above projects explore possibilities for ling to people who are market services by facilitating access to knowledge, net- and national counterparts invested through- include feeding introducing reintegration at risk or victims of vi- at the national or works and financial resources. The project out 2020 in designing and effectively expertise to poten- policies and programmes. olence. Also, staff of regional levels. is teaming up with and providing support to implementing an integrated and sustainable tial entrepreneurs women’s shelters were Chambers of Commerce, national and local long-term migration policy framework in in trainings and SUPREME benefits the targeted. WESTERN development agencies, as well as munici- Directorate-General for Turkey that was sensitive to development. mentorships and Migration Management of The overall goals were BALKANS palities to lay the groundwork for increased A specific focus has been to integrate staging busi- Turkey (DGMM) and its to enhance the knowl- diaspora investments in Serbia and to help migrants in the labour market by improving ness-to-business relevant departments in- edge and capacity in ICMPD focused small and medium-sized Serbian enter- their employment and livelihood opportuni- events to improve cluding the one for com- the evaluation of, pro- its work in the prises (SMEs) to internationalise with an ties. These efforts are supported by the two entrepreneur net- bating irregular migra- vision of assistance to Western Balkans eye to the DACH markets. tion. This project follows and referral of victims projects SUMMIT and ENHANCER, funded works and coop- several preceding ones of trafficking. A series on capacity building by the Swiss and by EU FRIT, respectively. eration among that focused on institu- of trainings were devel- activities for migra- STRENGTHENING MIGRATION Turkish and Syrian tional development and oped and implement- tion management MANAGEMENT SUPPORT FOR ENTREPRENEURS business owners. the enhancement of oper- ed. A training of train- authorities, on They also include ational capacity. ers programme was also diaspora matters, ICMPD also continued to help in efforts established. ICMPD was Apart from capacity development efforts targeting busi- responsible for man- and on support to strengthen the capacities of the migration tailored to assisting national and local insti- nesses to promote agement and implemen- to institutions to management authorities by offering training tutions with development-sensitive policies, investment, drawing the entrepreneurs’ tation. fight trafficking in and support to improve management other tailored activities were initiated to attention to production that can contribute human beings and structures and to develop policy. Strength- support entrepreneurs, the migrant labour to local value chains, and expanding the to improve border ening Migration Management Authorities force and service-providing institutions. market. management structures in 2020. in Kosovo* (MIMAK) is a project aimed at These activities, in turn, provide concrete These activities are designed on the basis To strengthen diaspora engagement further building up government-authorities implementation evidence for improving the of evidence from implementation and from in Serbia, the Link Up! Serbia II project and related inter-institutional mechanisms policy and coordination framework. To this tailored research conducted through a successfully began its work to foster trans- in migration management. The goal is to end, pioneering activities have been put into migration-sensitive lens. They are com- national entrepreneurial activities with and improve evidence-based migration and practice based on central and local circum- plemented by grants targeting potential stances and on the specific characteristics entrepreneurs, existing businesses and * All references to Kosovo in this document should be understood to be in the context of of the target groups. cooperatives, and ecosystem institutions United Nations Security Council resolution 1244 (1999). Capacity Building Capacity

LINK UP! Serbia II 2020 ICMPD Annual Report Funded by the Austri- an Development Agen- cy (ADA), the project runs for a period of 28 months. ICMPD is responsible for project management and implementation, its partners being six regional development agencies and the Chamber of Com- merce and Industry of Serbia. The national partner is the Minis- try of European Integra- tion of the Republic of Serbia.

The project builds on the work that started with Link up! I. This project already demon- 49 migration-related policies and to inform strated the need to im- BORDER SPECIAL PANDEMIC SUPPORT by the ICMPD Turkey Office for use by plement measures to de- the population of the benefits of regular velop engaging diaspora MANAGEMENT public authorities. migration and the consequences of irregu- policy and programmes In addition to project-related work, the In 2021, ICMPD WB&TR RCO will lar migration. on national and lo- In border manage- Western Balkans and Turkey Regional continue to work on migration management Short-term Technical Assistance on cal levels and to implement, ICMPD com- Coordination Office (WB&TR RCO) contin- and plans to expand its already growing Asylum, Migration, and Mobility in West- ment concrete measures menced an EU-funded ued in 2020 to support the authorities on portfolio in several thematic areas by to overcome market im- ern Balkans (StAMM) is a project that was pediments. project in 2020 to arising priority areas by providing inputs on launching several new projects. continued in 2020 to respond to ad-hoc assist the Border and policy, strategy development and research and small-scale requests from authorities Link Up! Serbia II fo- Migration Police (BMP) activities, most notably on the impact of the in the Western Balkans. Its work included cuses on four different of Albania in achieving COVID-19 pandemic and on preparations trainings for national authorities and an areas. With mentorship effective border control for a post-pandemic reality. programmes it aims to assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on improve competitiveness and surveillance to In Turkey, a high-level webinar was the migration situation and on migration and opportunities for prevent and combat organised in April under the direction of the management in the Western Balkans. diaspora business en- trafficking in narcotics. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey and in Serbia, Kosovo* and Albania also gagement in DACH mar- Specifically, the project cooperation with the Member States Pro- participate in a global project funded by kets. A national online helps to enhance BMP gramme. It elaborated on the implications platform is being pilot- GIZ and successfully launched in 2020. ed to secure direct and capacity to counter of the pandemic for refugees in the region. It offers to provide government officials transparent access to organised cross-bor- Ministers of Foreign Affairs from Jordan, with tailor-made training on migration and projects and their stake- der crime and drug Lebanon, Iraq, Pakistan as well the UN High development. Capacity-building support holders. And a Diaspora trafficking by providing Commissioner for Refugees, the European to institutions in the field of anti-trafficking Business Hub will start modern specialised Commissioner for Migration and Home having the diaspora continued with a project that facilitates the pitch the best projects technical resources Affairs and the Deputy Director-General of designing of effective anti-trafficking stra- from Serbia to DACH and by building the WHO attended the webinar, along with the tegic responses in the Western Balkans. countries. capacity of BMP staff. Minister of Foreign Affairs of Turkey. Moreover, an extensive assessment of the implication of the pandemic for migra- * All references to Kosovo in this document should be understood to be in the context of tion management in Turkey was prepared United Nations Security Council resolution 1244 (1999). Eastern 51 Europe and Central Asia ations oper its ran RCO EECA 2020, Throughout region. the in assistance thematic targeted supports further Mission, Brussels by the managed initiatives global the (RCO),Office with Coordination EECA Regional of the coordination ICMPD’s Process. Prague the through cooperation and of dialogue broker honest an as ICMPD seen is policy. Moreover, this implement to capacities and policy management border and develop migration helping to approaches for innovative partner strong a as recognised ICMPD widely is EECA region, the in portfolio broad and presence robust its to Due Ukraine. Kyiv, and Kyrgyzstan; Bishkek, Georgia; Yerevan, Baku, Armenia; Tbilisi, Azerbaijan; Routes Migrant ResourceCentre building upon Silk the with also Dushanbe, of case the in and programme BOMCA the of phase next the kent, Uzbekistan, will be strengthened in istan; Turkmenistan; Ashgabat, and Tash Dushanbe, Tajik Kazakhstan; Nur-Sultan, of management policy cycle to implementation border and migration the for support cutting cross from ranging areas intervention of adiversity is region EECA the in operations for building development,regional capacity perception, protection of human rights, tiguous to migration, such as migration con issues on focuses ICMPD region, EECA the in projects implementing while throughout region the in initiated or completed mented, imple ICMPD that projects ten than more This strengthened approach by was further STRENGTHENING ICMPD’S EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA POSITION INEASTERN

specific

data One

from

expertise.

research

of The

fields

the

2020. its

presence

offices defining

and

this

in analysis,

policy. features of

Vienna,

project

Moreover,

and

of Austria;

teams

ICMPD

others. -

- in

- - -

returns, country’s oped and successfully piloted in Armenia Armenia in piloted successfully and oped devel were schemes reintegration mind, in nia. project in Arme MIBMA the and project in Georgia the ENIGMMA-2 initiatives suchas building capacity in multi-disciplinary tools was promoted of methodological set abroad using managementtion all aspects of migra that linksmigration perspective on that a strategic approach to border management tosupport develop in-depth on focused Ukraine project and nationals

A holistic Successful reintegration of returningSuccessful

The transparency emphasises

but EU4IBM

not economic

significantly

only -

increasing

of guarantees

development. border communication. remote of means alternative in engaging also whilst countries priority in positioning its reaffirming and offices field ICMPD the in teams the reinforcing continued RCO therefore EECA development. portfolio for opportunities arising cooperation and ongoing with along countries, Asian Central and European Eastern in presence ICMPD astronger for need the underscore pandemic COVID-19 the by caused restrictions contact personal as well as mobility national International and

contributes

procedures. the

efficient

efficiency

With

this

ICMPD Annual Report 2020 53 Capacity Building Ukraine. and Moldova gia, monitoring in Geor return for forced building capacity initiatedIII project FReM the dures, proce return the during human rights tection of migrants’ To pro the ensure Centre Migrant Resource the through migration informed supporting and (Armenia) IMPACT project the in ees grants forbusiness and the diaspora return tion and development involved designing and (for in instance, the ERRIN and Azerbaijan The EECA Region—Thematic focus and methods applied methods and focus EECA Region—Thematic The in turn, may affect affect may turn, in migration, which, and migrants of tion image and percep a broad of formation influence avast has media tion issues, the on migrareporting Intergovernmental dialogue Other initiatives linking migra directly Other

RESTART Support for reforms institutional Support

Capacity building Capacity in

Legal and labour migration Through

SCO’s grants’ facility on Consular affairs Consular Tajikistan. Fight against migration irregular

the Migrants’ rights Diaspora Administration

Asylum and protection international projects,

- its - - -

Financial Framework,Financial EU’s Multi-annual the of and pact migration new the on debate EU the by defined rection di policy migration the of aware Keenly regions. border the in society organisations civil and authorities local with cooperate and support sational organi and istrative admin provide will ICMPD projects, both In Asia. Central 10 in BOMCA project ment manage border the and Azerbaijan in ject pro MOBILAZE-2 multi-disciplinary the include They 2021. in region the in tives initia new several start to ICMPD for way the paved 2020

respectively). Media monitoring on migration issues Project portfolio Project Applied methodology Thematic focus Thematic ------EECA - (EaP) Partnership Eastern in media by the age cover migration and fact-based balanced recommendations on how to reinforce the MOMENTA II project provided practical that and shape the approaches and decisions ming. program ongoing to acontribution as tries coun partner and institutions EU evant rel with shared tively proac being are tices prac best and learnt lessons 2020 RCO EECA initiatives. new or actions follow-up of design the forming in currently are 2020 during ended that projects the of ments achieve and results The opportunities. new identifying ly proactive by eration coop bilateral and gional, sub-regional re for possibilities al addition explore to continue will ICMPD Combating

states

countries.

Migration and development trafficking

take Migration research and research analysis Migration Return and reintegration

on -

- Technical - -

Border management - in

- - - policy. - - - Services Provision of reintegration human Document security Document Education on migration Integration Awareness raising and Moldova in reform police supporting for aArmenia, project (TAC) in centre built accommodation athrough temporary ment is provided manage migration

In beings

assistance

other

light

of efforts.

this,

for

- States’ Interest in the PP Thematic Areas PP Thematic the in Interest States’ ing and continuing to produce analytical analytical ing to and continuing produce achievements recent most Process’ Prague the of stock national cooperation needs, while taking current migration policy and priorities inter shared their countries participating The 36 Lithuania from chairmanship the Prague Process Czech the during place take will which Conference, Ministerial years, culminating in the fourth its roadmap for the coming introduced chair series, new by realities work launching its webinar the to adjust to managed Process Prague Process Prague annual the by Germany, Hosted PRAGUE PROCESS took activities will reflect the priorities set. set. priorities the reflect will activities Process Prague Future migration. labour on emphasis aspecial with migration (3) legal migration; illegal fighting and preventing (2) reintegration; sustainable and return voluntary readmission, (1) promoting priorities: thematic following the identified states Process Prague 50 the among asurvey 2020, In The SOM also saw the handover of handover the saw also SOM The Throughout a challenging 2020, the

place EU

carrying

Senior

Council remotely Promoting return readmission, voluntary Legal migration with a special emphasis emphasis aspecial with migration Legal

Preventing the Making migration and mobility positive positive and migration mobility Making Integration of legally residing migrants

and

Officials’ Czech out

Asylum/international protection Asylum/international its presidency

its and sustainable reintegration on

and

work

first Republic. 16

fighting

forces for development for forces Meeting

November

plan online on labour migration

in host societies in illegal

for

2022. The

train (SOM)

2021.

migration

2020. new -

region. the across issues key on migration outputs est operational, generating considerable inter remained Training Academy the and tory for groundwork lay the 2016 of will and ration 2011 and the Bratislava Ministerial Decla of Plan Action the in forth set commitments political the reviewing for process the tools learning distance of aset with authorities state provide will platform e-learning ing years 5 0 3 = highest priority 3 =highest

5 8 defining among In 2021, the Prague Process will launch launch will Process 2021, Prague In the

available

2023-2027.

Thus, 11 8

state a 10

new both

16 in 9

2 and

English

Meanwhile,

political the

12 7 non-state 1 = lowest priority 1 =lowest

3 Migration 20

and

25 27 mandate 9

4 Russian. the

2 2 actors.

Observa 2 2

forthcom 2 30

for

the - 35 - -

ICMPD Annual Report 2020 55 Routes Silk REMOTE AND IN-PERSON Migrant Resource Centres in the Silk Routes Region CAPACITY BUILDING

During 2020, the Silk Routes Regional Coordination Building Capacity Office (RCO) continued to provide policy development support in several areas of migration governance, ranging from labour migration to integrated border manage- 2020 ICMPD Annual Report ment. With the pandemic, the RCO rapidly shifted to BAGHDAD KABUL ISLAMABAD remote capacity-building on irregular migration, border management and trade facilitation, also through the establishment of the Silk Routes Online Training Plat- LAHORE form. The RCO provided personal protection equipment (PPE) for returning migrants and officials at border DHAKA crossing points (BCPs) and supported the authorities in CUMILLA nationwide COVID-19 awareness raising campaigns for returning migrants.

Climate migrants pushed to the brink in South Asia: In recent years, Afghanistan has been suffering intense drought followed by A crucial step in 2020 was the official information campaigns. Around 1.2 million units of specialised PPE were delivered to floods. Pakistan ranks recognition of the importance of migration were counselled directly or participated in frontline border officers as well as durable among the ten coun- policies developed earlier with ICMPD training and information programmes. A equipment such as power generators to tries in the world most support in Afghanistan, Iraq and Pakistan. wide range of issues were addressed, from BCPs in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Iraq and affected by climate The pandemic highlighted their significance combatting COVID-19, human trafficking Pakistan. Whilst several hundred frontline risk. Rise in sea level and consequent salin- and accelerated their adoption process, and illegal recruitment to making use of border officers were trained on irregular isation of agriculture allowing the focus in 2021 to be primarily loans, skills training and psychosocial migration and document security issues, undermine food secu- on their implementation. In Afghanistan, programmes. An online platform covering progress was also made in the development rity and could displace the Comprehensive Migration Policy has pre-migration, pre-departure and post-ar- of integrated border management policies more than 200,000 been recognised as the de facto national rival orientation for migrant workers was and strategies in the countries concerned. people annually in Bangladesh. Together migration management framework that launched to expand access, provide con- Despite the challenging context, the with partner organisa- will govern all areas of migration. It is tinuing education to migrants and ensure Silk Routes RCO sustained its support to tions, the Silk Routes also among the targets in the Afghanistan their protection and welfare. Rules and the EU-India Common Agenda with a view RCO worked to devel- Partnership Framework adopted in Geneva processes for the regulation and manage- to fostering regular migration (enhancing op a knowledge base in November 2020. ment of labour migration were adopted the exchange and mobility of students) and on the current and future impact of climate Marked by the pandemic, 2020 also in Iraq and Afghanistan. Health and food maximising the developmental impact of on migration trends witnessed increased engagement with supplies were provided to 4,500 migrant migration (harnessing the contributions of in the three countries migrants through the use of social media, workers returning to Bangladesh because the diaspora and facilitating the secure and and sought to raise enabling access to people in remote areas. of COVID-19. cost-effective transfer of remittances during awareness among pol- Seven Migrant Resource Centres are Following the onset of the pandemic, a global pandemic). icymakers on what has to be done to ad- operational in five countries and reached the RCO quickly mobilised support for dress the needs of mi- out to 25 million outgoing, returning and law enforcement and border authorities to grants affected by cli- potential migrants through social media and respond to the pandemic. Over 360,000 mate risk. The Budapest Process— a Silk Routes Partnership for Migration

PARTICIPATING STATES OBSERVER STATES Annual Report 2020 ICMPD Annual Report

Following the adoption of the Istanbul Com- Promoting mitments on the Silk Routes Partnership for regional Migration in 2019, the Budapest Process cooperation focused its attention on implementing the through the adopted Call for Action. 2020 kick-started Implementation the implementation plan with a focus on pri- Plan ority goals on irregular migration and labour migration. The dialogue reacted swiftly As the Implementa- tion Plan is both a liv- and flexibly to the restrictions imposed by ing and a guiding doc- the COVID-19 pandemic and resorted to ument, the dialogue 59 virtual settings. It utilised the shift in pace partners are invited to to strengthen its knowledge base through- support its priorities. Upcoming multiannual Mediterranean out the year, publishing several briefing projects open to fund- notes on return and reintegration, skills ing provide an oppor- development and labour mobility, the gig tunity to continue pair- economy as well as public attitudes towards ing the dialogue with migration. flanking projects. The In two thematic meetings, Budapest Budapest Process continues to strive for a Process partners investigated the structural strong link between challenges to effective return and reintegra- states’ needs voiced in tion, skills making and skills matching for a dialogue setting and sustainable labour mobility, amongst others. project activities in the Over 400 participants from 43 countries and Silk Routes countries. 22 organisations actively took part in seven meetings. Specific discussions took place on the effects that COVID-19 will have on migration in the short, medium and long term, specifically in the areas of irregular flows and labour mobility. Partners were given space to voice their immediate needs and challenges. In 2021, senior officials agreed to continue prioritising the thematic areas of labour migration and irregular migration with a specific focus on pursuing skills development and countering smuggling and trafficking networks, respectively. In addition, an event will be dedicated to supporting vulnerable groups on the move. THE FUTURE OF MIGRATION PARTNERSHIPS

“In the midst of every crisis, lies great opportunity.” Building Capacity This famous quote resonates all the more when the crisis affects all countries equally in various ways and forms. In the Mediterranean, the impact of the 2020 ICMPD Annual Report COVID-19 pandemic on movement of people provides an opportunity to reflect upon the future of migration partnerships.

The Mediterranean region continues to be a laboratory of ideas, promoting innovation and The Regional Coor- Evidence-driven migration governance distance learning, delivering virtual and ers at the heart of EUROMED Migration, spearheading the de- dination Office for must also rely on solid data. In this con- blended learning in addition to traditional National Focal Points actively participated in velopment of timely the Mediterranean text, ICMPD supported the first-ever survey face-to-face methods and training facilities. thoroughly assessing the past phase, shap- and relevant initiatives. Two notable initiatives was highly respon- on international migration in Tunisia (Tuni- Finally, modern migration governance ing the next phase and ensuring a smooth addressing identified sive to the new con- sia-HIMS) covering more than 30 thousand increasingly requires upgraded or new transition between the two. These efforts needs of the sector are text and challenges households. The survey will provide a clear- equipment in various sectors. In a world of ensure that the programme responds to re- in development. One fo- created by the COV- er view of the dynamics and consequences international cooperation shaken to its core gional and country priorities and needs. cuses on the mobility of ID-19 pandemic, of migration in Tunisia. by the limitations imposed on mobility, the Due to its technical and flexible nature, health workers in the region in partnership with adapting its method- 61 Border Management Programme for the EUROMED Migration has, over the years, the WHO; the other, on ologies and opera- NORTH AFRICAN MIGRATION ACADEMIC Maghreb Region (BMP Maghreb) completed gradually consolidated its role in supporting redefining the approach tional modalities for NETWORK a full e-tendering process to ensure continui- forward-thinking dialogue and cooperation to capacity development the implementation ty and timely delivery of equipment. and notably its use by partner states as a and migration partner- of actions and lead- Additionally, strong cooperation between laboratory of ideas. ships through a profes- What type of policy sionalisation of the mi- ing on innovation national authorities and research institutes EUROMED MIGRATION IV AND V communication works In partnership gration sector. This and development is instrumental in achieving efficient nation- (EMM4-5) for migration? Using with the Observa- entails establishing a of approaches to al migration governance. Launched in 2020, values to depolarise tory on Public Atti- training institute on mi- continue to address the North Africa Migration Academic Net- 2020 marked the last year of the fourth tudes to Migration gration capacity part- the identified needs work (NAMAN) brings together migration ac- phase of EUROMED Migration IV (EMM4), (OPAM), the EMM4 publication provides nership for the Mediter- ranean (MCP Med) as a and priorities of the ademics, researchers and institutional and which is primarily dedicated to dialogue fa- recommendations to public communicators permanent and accred- region. governmental representatives from Algeria, cilitation and knowledge development. Due on how to communicate migration in a bal- ited vocational migra- Narratives and Egypt, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia and will to the impact of the pandemic on the public anced way using values. By formulating action training provider communication on strengthen rights-based, evidence-driven mi- debate, 2020 was mainly focused on nar- tionable recommendations, this publication for the Mediterranean migration are es- gration governance in North Africa. ratives and communication on migration. will serve as a basis for further support to region. sential to creating EUROMED Migration has been mandat- practitioners. a context that ena- MIGRATION CAPACITY PARTNERSHIPS ed to work on this complex issue ever since bles evidence-driven migration governance. the major Director General Conference that MEDITERRANEAN This idea was initiated in 2012 in EUROMED Supporting capacity development is was held in Rome in 2014 during the Italian CITY-TO-CITY MIGRATION Migration, and ICMPD established it as an equally essential. ICMPD believes that, in EU Council presidency. Partner countries overarching priority for the region. In 2020, shaping the future of migration coopera- are considered instrumental in achieving Mediterranean City-to-City Migration this significant contribution gained global tion, capacity development will be at the successful evidence-driven migration gov- (MC2CM) is an ICMPD flagship project traction and was integrated in the Global Fo- core of progress towards the new genera- ernance. The EMM framework is the only on urban migration governance. The rum on Migration and Development’s work- tion of engagement, i.e. migration capacity dialogue that is piloting a dedicated set of initiative brings together 20 major cities in ing group on public narratives on migration. partnerships. activities related to migration narratives and the Euro-Mediterranean region, such as A step closer to field realities, the Mediter- Capitalising on a number of actions and contributes to a variety of major forums. Amman, Rabat and Tunis in the South and ranean City-to-City Migration Project piloted notably the Netherlands Assistance to Leba- The fifth phase (EMM5), launched on 1 Madrid, Lyon and Naples in Europe. innovative actions on communication at lo- nese Border Agencies Project, ICMPD December 2020, capitalises on the quality In 2020, MC2CM played a significant cal level. has continued to innovate with regard to of the work carried out so far. Decision-mak- role in helping local governments define and over representatives 20,000 from interna Dhabi. Abu in Forum Urban World the at debate development in and the policy institutional sustainable to local migrants’ contribution and narratives mainstream migration to also contributed ICMPD UN-Habitat, the toing facing migrant workers’ contribution and migrants to sensitive were ways that in implement their urban COVID-19 responses migrants in an urban context and showcas and context urban an in migrants women of needs the addressing level, local by at the on narrative migration rebalancing crisis of time in migrants of vulnerabilities 2. City: Rabat(Morocco) Policy-Making inRabat 1.Towards Targeted City Actions City-to-City Migration 4. City: Tangier(Morroco) 3. City: Casablanca(Morocco) tion ofMigrationinCasablanca 6. Fnideq (Morocco) City: Oujda, Al Hoceima, Morroco 5. Alcazar-Quivir (Morocco) Larache,City: Tétouan, Cities City: Nador(Morocco) Nador SocialandSustainable City: Nador(Morocco) Together

Alongside its partners UCLG and and UCLG partners its Alongside

outbreak. Tangeraccueil Increasing Building Nador, Governance refugees. 1

2 This an Evidence-Based Coexistence

Active 3 the global and

4 MC2CM Positive City Interculturality 5

gathering of in 6 Contribu- Moroccan Living Migration

focused

brings

on City: Sfax(Tunisia) 9. City: LaMarsa(Tunis-Tunisia) Through Arts Inclusion 8. (Tunis-Tunisia) City: Raoued-LaMarsa Marsa and GovernanceinRaouedLa 7.

specific

together ACMALS Strengthening Inclusion, - -

Migration,

7 Migrants 8 needs governance in migration authorities of local tions should migrant no sure making to and crisis to responses to governance inclusive ensuring migration ernment approaches are essential in global agendas. refugees, inlinewith munities, migrantsand strategies forhost com- inclusive recovery active efforts to push governments and of pro- the crucial role of local ic in2020highlighted The COVID-19 pandem- 9 Integration capitalised

Social

to be

better

refugee

institutionalised. on. clarified

is 13. City: Zarqa(Jordan) Zarqa Through PublicSpaces 12. City: Ramallah(StateofPalestine) 11. (Lebanon) City: 18LebaneseMunicipalities Lebanon Local GovernanceofMigrationin City: Beirut(Lebanon) 10. City: Marka(Amman-Jordan) Public Spacein Amman

left

Ramallah Safe, Enhancing Beirut and whole-of-gov Whole-of-society thislearned year: lesson MC2CM stakeholders. governments and institutions, local andtional, national

behind. and Inclusive Social The main

Their 10 their Inclusion 11 Social and

12 The and

contribu role Protective 13 Cohesion Policy Accessible

role

- - in

ICMPD Annual Report 2020 63 Africa The Rabat Process – The The Khartoum Process—Between AFRICA-EU MIGRATION Euro-African Dialogue on the Horn of Africa and Europe AND MOBILITY DIALOGUE Migration and Development (MMD) Building Capacity This multi-faceted support programme continues Annual Report 2020 ICMPD Annual Report to focus on maximising the potential for development from migration and mobility and on increasing responsible migration and mobility within Africa and between Africa and the European Union.

In 2020, the reference country system was developed to enable se- The support programme to the Africa-EU Mi- lected countries to co- ing Gaps, Needs and ordinate the imple- gration and Mobility Dialogue (MMD) is part mentation of activities Transferrable Prac- of the Joint Africa-EU Strategy. Now in its under the five domains tices in the ECOWAS second phase, the multi-faceted programme of the Marrakesh Ac- Member States and continues to support ICMPD-facilitated mi- tion Plan. Reference Mauritania” and “Col- gration dialogues (the Rabat Process, the countries contribut- lection of Diaspora En- 65 ed ideas and developed Khartoum Process, and the AU-EU Con- and planned activities gagement Practices”. A tinent-to-Continent Migration and Mobility together to achieve the partnership developed Dialogue), to follow-up on the Joint Vallet- plan’s objectives. This between the ICMPD ta Action Plan (JVAP) and to strengthen the new system strength- and the Mixed Migra- PARTICIPATING STATES PARTICIPATING STATES STEERING COMMITTEE role of the African diaspora through the Afri- ened cooperation tion Centre (MMC), OBSERVER STATES among African and Eu- PARTNER STATES UNTIL 2014 ca-Europe Diaspora Development Platform ropean countries and producing two stud- (ADEPT). The programme focuses on max- reinforced their owner- ies to guide the Ra- PART OF THE RABAT PROCESS imising the potential for development from ship of the dialogue. bat Process partners STEERING COMMITTEE migration and mobility and on increasing or- in making decisions derly, safe, regular and responsible migration and policies. These case studies examined and mobility within Africa and between Afri- mixed migration dynamics in Tunis and Bama- ernance in the Khartoum Process region and and technical support during the first phase. ca and the EU. It contributes to the develop- ko, looking at urban opportunities for migrants, on how the process can support partners in In 2020, C2CMMD continued to pursue its ment and operationalisation of cooperation risks they face and the impact of COVID-19. addressing new migration realities. In 2021, operational objectives by facilitating activi- frameworks, facilitates the identification and the process will further explore digital tools for ties to advance priorities of mutual interest, exchange of approaches and good practic- KHARTOUM PROCESS online dialogue as cost-effective and environ- which are linked to improving the governance es, and delivers tailored technical assistance mentally friendly platforms for mutual learning of safe and regular migration and mobility to increase capacities of migration actors at As a result of the ongoing global health cri- and constructive cooperation and as comple- within Africa, and between Africa and Europe. national, regional, and continental levels. sis, the Khartoum Process adjusted its modus ments to face-to-face meetings beyond the It continued extending secretarial support to operandi and explored new ways of incentiv- end of the health crisis. the dialogue, providing a platform for knowl- RABAT PROCESS ising cooperation, proving once again its dy- edge exchange and technical assistance to namic nature and flexibility in responding to C2CMMD the European Union and African Union (AU) The Rabat Process adapted to major new trends. The staging of virtual meetings, stakeholders. changes in the global context due to COV- webinars and a virtual steering committee The Continent-to-Continent Migration and Beyond secretarial tasks, ICMPD’s sup- ID-19 and kept the dialogue thriving by hold- meeting have facilitated the mapping of re- Mobility Dialogue (C2CMMD) builds on the port to C2CMMD focused on three areas: ing virtual meetings and thematic webinars sponses to the pandemic and of its impact progress achieved in 2019 to revive the coop- information and intelligence sharing around and by developing written documents to share on mobility in the Khartoum Process region. eration framework between the African Un- trafficking in human beings and smuggling knowledge with partners. Examples include Emerging practices stimulated a forward-look- ion Commission (AUC) and the EU. To these of migrants; remittances; and return, re- two publications: “Assessment of Anti-Traffick- ing discussion on the future of migration gov- ends, MMD provided ongoing backstopping admission and reintegration. Furthermore, An innovative activi- ty was piloted in 2020: a participatory scenar- SUPPORT TO FREE C2CMMD facilitat- io-building exercise, JVAP partner’s latest efforts in developed exchanges on the led by the Mixed Mi- ing projects and policies that align with the progress of the AU gration Centre (MMC) JVA P. and carried out during MOVEMENT OF PERSONS Protocol on the free the Senior Officials’ 2020 also saw major developments in Capacity Building Capacity movement of peo- Meeting in March. JVAP communication and dissemination out- ple, the AU Diaspo- MMC experts guid- puts. Following the recommendations of the AND MIGRATION IN ra Legacy Projects, ed delegates through lessons learnt exercise undertaken through- the transition from the a process of strategic out 2019, communication and dissemina- analysis of possible fu- 2020 ICMPD Annual Report Regional Operation- ture situations and re- tion efforts were intensified. Two major tools WEST AFRICA al Centre in support of flected on their key were developed: an online portal and a data the Khartoum Process assumptions and fac- visualisation tool (DVT) connected to the da- and AU-Horn of Afri- tors related to migra- tabase. The DVT supports the partners by Within the framework of the FMM West Africa ca Initiative (ROCK) to tion for which they are providing up-to-date charts, graphics and least prepared. Project, in consortium with IOM and ILO, the the Continental Oper- analysis. This contributes to the discussions Demand Driven Facility (DDF) is being implemented ational Centre, as well as the establishment of the respective dialogues, substantiates re- by ICMPD. The DDF encourages national institutions of the African Centre for Study and Research ports, and drives fact-based policy and deci- on Migration, the agenda of legal pathways to sion-making processes. to submit specific requests for technical assistance in migration, and the development of the AU-EU addressing institutional gaps and capacity building Joint Framework. ADEPT needs of ECOWAS Member States and Mauritania.

THE JOINT VALLETTA ACTION PLAN The Africa-Europe Development Plat- form (ADEPT) is devoted to enabling African In 2015, the Valletta Summit on Migration diaspora organisations to play a meaningful brought together European and African lead- role in maximising the development potential ers to strengthen co- of migration and to positively affect social, Knowledge operation between economic and cultural developments in Generation on the two continents. Europe and Africa. Following a transition 67 Return, In the spirit of soli- phase during which ADEPT became a fully Readmission and darity, partnership autonomous and independent organisation, Reintegration and shared respon- MMD focussed in 2020 on supporting the NIGER mary and secondary schools across Nigeria. (RRR) sibility, the par- platform by strengthening its governance, DDF Nigeria also collaborated with the Nation- ticipating states increasing membership of African Diaspora In 2019, ICMPD organised a summit in al Youth Service Corps to sensitise 6000 uni- During 2020, a study on RRR in Africa was con- adopted the Joint Development organisations (ADDOs) and Abuja to promote cooperation between the versity graduates on the dangers of irregular ducted to analyse, re- Valletta Action Plan delivering services to its members and part- governments of Niger and Nigeria by bringing migration. view and learn lessons (JVAP). The Support ners, including the organising of Diaspora together their national anti-trafficking agen- from legal, institutional, to the Africa-EU Di- Development Dialogues, capacity building, cies to collaborate on advancing key regional SUB-REGIONAL DDF – programmatic and co- alogue on Migra- and policy and advocacy activities. agendas of mutual interest to both countries. TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS operation frameworks in selected AU Member tion Project (MMD) The new executive director took office in To this end, ICMPD facilitated the drafting of States. The study bene- mandated ICMPD to February 2020. Throughout the year, ADEPT a cooperation framework between ANLTP/ A TIP sub-regional action (including fited from the coordina- monitor and report responded to calls for proposals and worked TIM (Niger) and NAPTIP (Nigeria) to share in- Senegal, Gambia, Mauritania, Guinea, and tion between the AU and on its implementa- on the establishment of new partnerships. In formation and to protect victims of trafficking. Guinea- Bissau) facilitated the signing of a EU within the frame- tion. A unique data- terms of capacity building, ADEPT organised This initiative has attracted additional funding memorandum of understanding among the work of C2CMMD and will contribute to the de- base was set up to an internal survey on its services and activi- from the Netherlands in a new two-year pro- five countries to establish a sub-regional co- velopment of AU guide- gather information ties, which yielded valuable insights, such as ject entitled Strengthening Niger-Nigeria Co- ordination mechanism to strengthen the fight lines on return, readmis- on projects and pol- members confirming their interest in online operation on Countering Trafficking in Human against TIP and the referral of victims. sion and reintegration. icies in Africa and training. It also pointed to different areas of Beings. Europe, addressing possible intervention and support. ECOWAS REGIONAL DDF – the five thematic domains and 105 priorities The calls for capacity development sup- NIGERIA BORDER MANAGEMENT of the JVA P. port (CDS) and diaspora technical support In 2020, a third data collection cycle took (DTS) led to 14 organisations being awarded In DDF Nigeria, ICMPD supported the in- A series of training of trainers was organ- place. JVAP partners collected data internal- grants. A call for expression of interest was fusion of trafficking-in-persons concepts into ised across the region using the border man- ly and reported them to the JVAP database. also launched by ADEPT to expand its pool the training curricula of colleges of education agement training manual that was developed Data collections keep the JVAP database up of consultants. and assisted the Ministry of Education in train- within the framework of the FMM West Africa to date with new initiatives and reflect each ing 400 teacher-trainers. These trainers are project to harmonise the operational policies, expected to train classroom teachers in pri- procedures, and practices across ECOWAS tegic stra anew (GIS) developing in Service gration GHANA – BORDER MANAGEMENT countries. tion ac and strategy migration alabour develop to l’Emploi) de Générale (Direction Labour of MIGRATION –LABOUR TOGO implementation. its commenced has ICMPD and project the ECOWAS using the veloped an online platform, training cal using themanual training any without techni trainings follow-on conducted successfully study a in culminated and by ICMPD facilitated was Togo of Tunisia and governments the between of components six the (SBS) covers Ghana in The project to strengthen border security ject pro anew developing in GIS supported capacity of the government of Sierra Leone to to Leone Sierra of government the of capacity MIGRATION LABOUR – LEONE SIERRA

the

support

DDF Ghana supported the Ghana Immi the Ghana supported Ghana DDF In Togo, the DDF supported the Ministry Ministry the supported Togo,In DDF the In Sierra Leone, the DDF strengthened the the strengthened DDF the Leone, Sierra In that plan.

plan

visit GIS

was

for by Additionally, BM strategic

from 2019,

presented Togolese 2018

training

ICMPD. a –

plan. cooperation

2022.

manual. nine

officials for

The In

EUTF In

2020, Member

2019, EU

framework

funding. approved

Tunisia. ICMPD

ICMPD

States -

de -

- - - - key of labour migra international indicators UEMOA/W. (ICLS), AU and Statisticians Labour of ence Confer International the of guidelines the with in accordance indicators 26 labour migration of alist on agreed countries 2019,In six all for reporting labour market in and migration for reporting system (LMMIS) by a mechanism establishing information migration and market alabour of creation the supported Nigeria) and Niger nia, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana,Maurita The Gambia, -LMMIS DDF REGIONAL SUB surveys force labour of results the enhance could that tive, data sustainable, and timely comparable qualita of collection the for developed were tion and harmonised questionnaire modules cators. indi standard of set aminimum on formation development and families;ers their and (iii) the maximising work migrant of empowerment and protection issues: (i) governance; labour migration (ii) migration labour three on work to established develop manage a labour mi and effectively gration This sub-regional DDF action (including (including action DDF This sub-regional A

policy.

and harmonised

population

impacts

inter-ministerial

of methodological

census labour

migration. operations.

group

guide

was - -

- -

- - on

- -

ICMPD Annual Report 2020 69 Management Management and Security Programme Border Border A VERY NEW EXPERIENCE IN COVID-19 Support in the Region

BORDER MANAGEMENT Lebanon

Capacity Building Capacity € 124,364 Border management was globally affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in spring 2020. Global mobility dropped to the lowest point in Ghana € 23,680 decades, bringing regional and global trade to a standstill and raising new security concerns. Border management was one of the first areas 2020 ICMPD Annual Report that faced an immediate need to adopt and adjust new procedures at Ukraine borders and to define a new form of coordination and cooperation with € 90,701 public health services Silk Routes € 421,285 These dramatic changes required ICMPD at borders, new requirements for travellers Central to adapt the way it provides technical assis- and use of modern technologies are already Asia tance to the border agencies in various re- shaping future border management. This will € 58,074 gions. It had to put certain planned activities trigger adjustments in our capacity building aside temporarily and support national bor- activities, a process that is already underway. der agencies with quick delivery of protection With its strategic approach to increasing ca- equipment varying from face masks to ther- pacities of border agencies, ICMPD succeed- mal cameras. This enabled our counterparts ed in keeping the balance between security to deal with the new environment and protect and trade facilitation high on the agenda of themselves and travellers. our counterparts globally. After the first wave of the pandemic when In the post COVID-19 era, modern and the global situation stabilised for a while, well-prepared border management will be deci- 71 ICMPD proposed to change the focus of its sive for the recovery of the global economy and planned activities to concentrate on activities of mobility. As part of a new dimension of 21st OVER 0.7 MILLION EUROS that would help border agencies cope with the century border management, several crosscut- in Personal Protective completely new security environment. To this ting issues are taken into consideration when Equipment (PPE) end, ICMPD launched several activities related developing new projects. These issues include to contingency planning, to COVID-19/sanitary professional standards, ethics and integrity, emergency procedures at the bor- respect of human rights, gender ders and to a revamping of coop- sensitivity and inclusion of border eration with public health providers The BMS Programme communities in national and region- MEDICAL within ICMPD has EQUIPMENT and services to make it more effec- built a strong in- al border activities. New work envi- tive and efficient. house expert team ronments and continuous changes The concept of integrated bor- made up of senior ex- require border agencies to keep or der management (IBM) set forth in perts with profes- adopt lean and agile organisational the Guidelines for Integrated Bor- sional backgrounds structures. in border manage- der Management for the European ment, security, trade Within the EU-funded project TECHNICAL Commission – External Cooper- facilitation and liai- on border management in Ukraine, WORKSHOPS EQUIPMENT ation was instrumental in this re- son work with border for instance, the BMS Programme AND WEBINARS TO SUPPORT spect, as several good practices communities. Our ob- introduced a new lean methodol- ON AWARENESS DISTANCE jective is to share this served as a basis for developing ogy. Based on business process WORKING knowledge with junior functional and operational contin- colleagues and create analyses, measures are being im- gency plans. Already at the out- a border management plemented to optimise all types of break of the pandemic, the Border hub that provides resources and processes. This in- Management and Security Pro- state-of-the-art sup- novative approach will help to bring gramme (BMS Programme) pub- port to the field oper- border agencies in Ukraine to an THERMAL ations in border man- FEVER 5 VEHICLES, lished articles and raised expert agement. advanced level, where human, ma- concerns about the future of border terial and financial resources will SCREENING 5 MOTORCYCLES management in times of COVID-19. Ques- be used in the most effective ways in terms of SYSTEMS tions today about the new work modalities cost and time. Anti- 73 Trafficking Programme INCREASING THE PORTFOLIO OF THE ANTI- TRAFFICKING RESPONSE Building Capacity CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING NORTH MACEDONIA 2020 was a year of great challenge, but also of ACTIVITIES Annual Report 2020 ICMPD Annual Report learning, adapting and achieving. The Anti-Trafficking In cooperation with the Council of Europe Programme (ATP) adjusted its approach, to TURKEY Skopje, ATP trained Macedonian journal- ists on guiding principles for media report- implement the planned actions and to increase its 68 social workers, psychologists, sociol- ing on trafficking and for the development of portfolio in capacity building, research and policy ogists, and child development specialists THB-related investigative stories. efforts related to trafficking in human beings and working at Violence Prevention and Moni- other interconnected topics. toring Centres and shelters were trained in identification and referral services for victims, bringing the number of trained person- nel to 245. A guidebook was developed to RESEARCH AND POLICY ACTIONS Management, ATP launched a research further facilitate capacity building. project focused on the incidence of child and WEST AFRICA labour trafficking and the factors of vulnerabil- ity and resilience (to be conducted in 2021). ATP released the the report entitled “As- Fig. Brazil: Stakeholders Trained to Tackle THB in 2020 sessment of Anti-Trafficking Gaps, Needs and Transferrable Practices in the ECOW- Annual Review Meeting of AS Member States and Mauritania” in National Focal Points for collaboration with the Rabat Process Sec- Combating THB in the 75 retariat. The report includes a toolbox with ECOWAS Member States Anti-TIP Guide & promising practices and analyses of their replicability in different contexts. ATP also (14-15 December 2020) Assistance and Referencing released “Mapping of Mechanisms for Safe TIP training Online course on TIP of TIP Victims Guide available on the web-based Return and Reintegration of Victims of Traf- 140 law enforcement The meeting was organised as platform of the Academy of 600 hardcopies each ficking in Nigeria.” representatives an online event due to COVID-19 430 victim protection and the Federal Police Open online access restrictions, and brought together assistance specialists 1388 persons enrolled WESTERN BALKANS at the website 13 ECOWAS Member States. Its of the Brazilian ATP evaluated the National Strategy and the main goals: Ministry of Justice National Action Plan for Combating Traf- 1) Taking stock of anti-trafficking ficking in Human Beings and Illegal Migra- activities 2019-2020; tion (2017-2020) of North Macedonia and 2) Challenges posed by the concluded assessment of the anti-trafficking strategies and responses in the countries par- COVID-19 pandemic. ticipating in the Migration, Asylum, Refugees 3) 2021 priorities. Regional Initiative (MARRI) by elaborating INTERNATIONAL POLICY-ORIENTED Europe, ATP supported the development on discovered gaps, needs and successful The meeting’s success encour- ACTIONS of the Network’s Strategy Paper 2020 – practices. ATP completed both documents in aged the ECOWAS Commission 2024, adopted at a meeting on the mar- cooperation with German International Coop- to consider similar formats to get ▪ Written input to the targeted consultations gins of the Brdo Ministerial Meeting (3 eration (GIZ) and MARRI, with funding from for the new EU Strategy towards Eradica- March 2020, Ljubljana, Slovenia). the National Focal Points (NFPs) the German Federal Ministry for Economic tion of Trafficking in Human Beings. ▪ ATP continues to take an active part in Cooperation and Development. more involved in the Commission’s ▪ Written input on the progress achieved by initiatives and platforms such as the In- activities and thereby ensure the ICMPD on the pledge made to ILO at the ter-Agency Coordination Group against TURKEY implementation of the ECOWAS IV Global Con-ference on the Sustained Trafficking in Persons (ICAT), Alliance Plan of Action against TIP in Eradication of Child Labour. 8.7, the UNODC GloTIP Expert Working Together with Turkish researchers and the ▪ As the secretariat of the Network of An- Group, and the OSCE Alliance. West Africa (2018-22). Turkish Directorate-General for Migration ti-Trafficking Coordinators of South-East Global

77 Initiatives Programme NAVIGATING CHANGE Global Initiatives in 2020 THROUGH PRACTICES

Global migration governance is grounded in Building Capacity Capacity practices that have been established and replicated development by a wide range of actors. A practice is either a Sustainable Development Peer-to-peer Annual Report 2020 ICMPD Annual Report results-driven solution to an emerging, urgent or Goals settled challenge, or a modality to undertake action. Throughout 2020, the Global Initiatives Programme put significant emphasis, through its four ongoing

projects, on establishing and sharing new practices. Talent Partnerships/ Exchanges EU Pact

GLOBAL Practices inspire action, solutions INITIATIVES and mutual learning between governments In concrete terms, the Joint EU-ICMPD and other stakeholders Global Compact working to harness Labour migration MIgration EU eXpertise (MIEUX+) ini- for Migration the positive effects of tiative launched a publication offering a migration and meet its broad range of thematic and multi-stake- inherent challenges. holder tried and tested practices that it has During 2020, practi- established with its partners worldwide. Apt- tioners, academics, 79 ly named “Building Bridges”, the publica- governments and civil society have turned to Knowledge tion summarises a decade (2009 – 2019) Diaspora each other to source engagement management of MIEUX’s achievements, impact, and role creative and rights- in network-building among public officials, based solutions to the Research practitioners and institutions in Europe and COVID-19 pandemic. partner countries. Against the backdrop The challenges faced globally in 2020 of emerging policy inspired a raft of diaspora-led actions and frameworks heralded invigorated government interest in engaging by the implementation their diasporas. The EU Global Diaspora of the Global Compact on Migration and the Facility’s (EUDiF) aspiration to build a tru- EU’s New Pact on ly informed, inclusive and impactful diaspo- Migration and Asylum, ra-development ecosystem has never been ICMPD’s Global Ini- so relevant. Therefore, in addition to its glob- tiatives Programmes al mapping of diaspora engagement of 100 have supported and will continue to support countries to identify tested, emerging and The Mobility Partnership Facility The EU’s New Pact on Migration and partners in their efforts promising practices in facilitating engage- to build a sustaina- (MPF) contributes to creating and piloting in- Asylum demonstrates that the MPF remains ment between homelands and diasporas, ble architecture of novative practices that facilitate mobility to highly relevant as a tool to support the reali- EUDiF began research into diaspora human- migration worldwide. Europe by funding legal and labour migra- sation of the EU’s external dimension to mi- itarianism practices; results will be published tion schemes as well as supporting the prior- gration policy in the years to come. in spring 2021. ities of the EU’s migration partnerships with Finally, the Capacity Development for EUDiF also continued its series of di- third countries. Development-Oriented Migration Project aspora consultations with organisations in In mid-2020, the MPF released a time- started its operations in eight countries by Europe and launched the Capacity Develop- ly policy brief describing lessons learned generating capacity development practices ment Lab and Diaspora Professionals 4 De- from the first cohort of labour mobility pilot that support the nexus between migration velopment mechanisms through which it will projects and highlighting key factors to con- and development and the implementation of co-develop actions and test new ideas in di- sider in the design of new projects moving various international policy frameworks. aspora engagement across the globe. forward. External and 81Member States Relations ICMPD – A GROWING ICMPD Member States ORGANISATION In 2020, ICMPD continued to expand its membership base. Germany, a key country in the field of migration, joined the organisation. With

Greece and the Netherlands in the membership 2020 ICMPD Annual Report process, ICMPD is on its way to further increasing the organisation’s outreach and relevance. External and Member States Relations Relations and Member States External

The ICMPD Member States represent a mainly due to COVID-19. However, the variety of European countries bringing ICMPD Member States remain committed different perspectives and dynamics to to soon welcoming the Netherlands as a full cooperation activities.In the field of migra- member of the organisation. tion, they are key European countries of Against the background of the devel- vital significance both for building migration oping accession dynamics, and in line with management systems and for improving the new strategic framework of ICMPD, the cooperation on migration in a sustainable Steering Group set out in December 2020 way. to take a fresh look at ICMPD’s enlargement These dynamics were further strength- strategy and priorities in 2021. ened in 2020 when ICMPD continued to carefully expand its membership. In spring, CHAIRMANSHIP OF THE STEERING Germany became the 18th member to join GROUP 83 the organisation. The accession of Ger- many to ICMPD was an important develop- Switzerland, one of the founding MEMBER STATES INCOMING ment for the organisation and for European members of ICMPD, can look back on a cooperation on migration as such. Germany successful chairmanship of the ICMPD has a central role in developing migration Steering Group in 2020 despite the chal- ships” as the topic for its chairmanship. Of course, cooperation with Member States policy in Europe and is a key international lenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. in 2020 was also characterised by following partner. The addition of Germany to 2020 has been a special and important A NEW STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK - PUR- and supporting EU Council presidencies. ICMPD’s membership base will help the period, not only because of the enlargement POSEFUL RELATIONS WITH MEMBER After all, the current presidency trio is made organisation and its Member States to process described above, but also because STATES AND STRATEGIC PARTNERS up of three ICMPD Member States: Germany increase the impact of their work on migra- of the new strategic framework that the (July–December 2020), Portugal (January– tion policy development and cooperation Steering Group adopted for the period ICMPD has grown substantially over the June 2021) and Slovenia (July–December along relevant migration routes. 2021-2025. last few years – in terms of budget, geo- 2021). ICMPD worked especially closely with In addition, Greece commenced mem- During its chairmanship, Switzerland graphic coverage, staff, and Member States. Portugal to help it prepare for its EU Council bership procedures in 2020. In December, also had a clear focus on content cooper- It has effectively embarked on a process of presidency. The COVID-19 pan- the country was unanimously invited to ation with respect to safeguarding human regionalisation and decentralisation. To meet demic made 2020 an join ICMPD by the organisation’s Steering and state security in the new migration these new demands, the organisation especially eventful Group. Greece is already participating agenda. This topic was flanked by ICMPD’s adopted a new strategy in 2020. year for ICMPD. The as an observer in the Steering Group Annual Policy Initiative (API) 2020 and organisation contin- pending national accession procedures. became even more relevant due to the Strong and sustainable external relations are ued to grow, with a focus on countries These developments show that ICMPD is pandemic. Several events were staged for key assets and resources for achieving the vital for building mi- also increasing its Mediterranean base, Member States and experts. Their aim was ambitious strategic objectives. Strategy 2025 gration management especially in light of the 2018 accessions of to look at the interplay between human and places a strong focus on reinforcing relations systems. It welcomed Turkey and Malta. This will facilitate a more state security in asylum procedures, at bor- both with the growing membership base and Germany as a new targeted contribution to cooperation around ders and within integration and to address with strategic partners. External relations member state. Discus- sions with the Neth- a regional migration system in this area. the need to find ways of safeguarding both. play a key role in executing Strategy 2025 erlands and Denmark The Netherlands, an observer country At the end of 2020, Malta was elected and in the next chapter of ICMPD’s continued and Greece since 2018, has experienced some delays chair of the Steering Group for 2021 and development. commenced member- in the national accession procedures, selected “Redefining Migration Partner- ship procedures. MEMBER STATES PROGRAMME 2020 In 2020 the ICMPD Member States Programme In 2020 the Member States organised several activities for its Member States. The focus was on the COVID-19 outbreak, which also Programme focused on the increased the use of webinars as a tool for engaging 2020 ICMPD Annual Report with Member States and for sharing information. COVID-19 outbreak and offered a

External and Member States Relations Relations and Member States External series of webinars that monitored the evolving migration situation in priority regions and Europe. The aim was to share information and provide a platform for exchange among Member States.

The ICMPD Member States Programme is geared exclusively to Member States. It draws on the organisation’s deep thematic COVID-19 Webinars High-level Events and geographic migration expertise to organise activities that address the specific priorities of states. In 2020 the Member States Programme focused on the COVID- The webinar series started at the beginning As part of its Member States activities, the World Health Organisation Zsuzsanna 19 outbreak and offered a series of webi- of April 2020 when many countries were ICMPD also organised a high-level virtu- Jakab and former Austrian Minister of For- nars that monitored the evolving migration proceeding into lockdowns and continued al event together with Turkey entitled “The eign Affairs Karin Kneissl. situation in priority regions and Europe. The until summer. The first webinar focused on Situation of Refugees and Other Displaced aim was to share information and provide how COVID-19 was impacting the migra- Persons during the Pandemic: The Need On 6 October 2020, a further event was a platform for exchange among Member tion situation in three priority regions: the for International Cooperation”. This webinar staged for Member States and the public to States. Silk Routes, the Mediterranean as well as reached around 500 people. It was hosted discuss the new EU Pact on Migration and the Western Balkans and Turkey. ICMPD’s by Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs Mev- Asylum. ICMPD Director General Michael regional coordinators and their teams on lüt Çavuşoğlu and co-moderated by ICMPD Spindelegger led a virtual discussion with the ground presented updates from these Director General Michael Spindelegger European Commission Vice President Mar- regions. and Co-coordinator of the Antalya Diplo- garitis Schinas and Austria’s Europe Minis- macy Forum, Ambassador Murat Karagöz. ter Karoline Edtstadler on the future of EU In the weeks thereafter, webinars were or- The event brought together a highly distin- migration policy. The event counted more ganised to zoom in on these four regions: guished panel consisting of four foreign af- than 800 participants. Western Balkans and Turkey, the Silk fairs ministers, namely, Ayman Safadi from Routes, the Mediterranean, and Eastern Jordan, Fuad Hussein from Iraq, Nassif Hitti Europe and Central Asia. Two other webi- from Lebanon and Shah Mahmood Qureshi nars that were held were entitled “Tools for from Pakistan, as well as EU Commission- Crisis Preparedness and Crisis Communi- er for Home Affairs Ylva Johansson, United cations” and “The Future of Care Workers’ Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Mobility”. Filippo Grandi, Deputy Director-General of Human 87 Resources WHO ARE WE Working at ICMPD promises exposure to cutting- to exposure atICMPDWorking promises Of particular note is the high share of female of female share high the is note particular Of increasingly and international are ICMPDThe staff year, acontinuation ICMPD past seen the has Over workforce to a current total of nearly 400 employees. employees. 400 of nearly total acurrent to workforce contexts, as well as unparalleled opportunities for opportunities unparalleled as well as contexts, of stakeholders variety adiverse concepts, edge its enhances profile ICMPD’scent. expanding at63 per category professional the in employees globe. the of in working nationalities 61 comprising diversified, of its expansion asignificant with growth, of its Employee Growth 29 duty stations and field offices across four regions regions four across offices field and stations duty 29 and its work provides the necessary dynamism dynamism necessary the work provides its and international and national multiple in partners and organisation the Indeed, field. migration the into qualified employer for highly an as attractiveness is clearly reflected in the broad range of expertise of expertise range broad the in reflected clearly is that its staff bring to bear.to bring staff its that policy, as migration in acareer on embarking those foundation of partnerships. new foundation the and of approaches new development for the organisation of the nature evolving The learning. for employer of choice an as itself established has insight of and knowledge expert with professionals 388 EMPLOYEES94NEWIN2020 153 MALE MALE 153 FEMALE 235 Gender Balance

ICMPD Annual Report 2020 89 Human Resources Age Profile * Georgia France Finland Estonia Egypt Czech Republic Croatia Colombia Canada Bulgaria Brazil Herzegovina Bosnia and Belgium Belarus Bangladesh Azerbaijan Austria Armenia Algeria Afghanistan Belgium Azerbaijan Austria Armenia Age 65+ Age 51-65 Age 41-50 Age 31-40 Age 20-30 Nationalities Duty Stations

All references toKosovointhisdocument shouldbeunderstood to beinthecontextofUnited NationsSecurityCouncil resolution1244(1999).

21 10 45 11 11 1 1 1 2 1 1 7 1 4 4 2 2 9 1 7 127 108 172 57 29 78 2 7 1 61 DIFFERENT NATIONALITIES WORKING TOGETHER 14 STATIONS AVERAGE44 AGE: aitn13 Pakistan Macedonia North Nigeria Netherlands Morocco Montenegro 13 Moldova Lithuania Lebanon Latvia Kyrgyzstan Kosovo* Kenya Jordan Italy Ireland Iraq Iran Hungary Guinea Greece 15 Ghana Germany

25 3 6 5 1 1 2 4 1 3 3 3 6 2 7 1 2 1 3 5 Turkey Tunisia North Macedonia Nigeria Malta Lebanon Kosovo* Jordan Georgia Brazil Uzbekistan of America United States United Kingdom Ukraine Uganda Turkey Tunisia Syria Switzerland Sweden Spain Slovenia Slovakia Serbia Senegal Russia Romania Poland Philippines 32 19 24 1 6 2 2 7 7 1 10 31 23 1 7 9 1 3 3 4 2 2 4 5 1 3 9 2 1 EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT

Michael Spindelegger Director General

International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD)

Gonzagagasse 1 1010 Vienna Austria www.icmpd.org

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, copied, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information Angiolo Rolli Lukas Gehrke storage and retrieval system, Director; Resource and Operations Deputy Director General, Director; Policy, without permission of the copyright Research & Strategy owners.

Project Responsibility: Bernhard Schragl, ICMPD Art Direction, Design and Editing: Fleisch Media (Markus Huber, Pia Scharler, Bettina Willnauer, Antonia Best). Photography: Katsey, Max Kropitz

International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD) Austria, 2021

Boundaries and names shown and the designations used on the maps do not imply Martijn Pluim Ralph Genetzke official endorsement or acceptance by ICMPD Director; Migration Dialogues & Cooperation Head of Brussels Mission FINANCIAL Policy & Research Global/ Interregional Western Balkans & Turkey INFORMATION Eastern Europe & Central Asia

The financial statements of the Membership ContributionsContributions Operational Activities ICMPD are prepared in accordance Other S il k R with the rules governing the financial o u t framework of the organisation and a e c i s P fr the relevant decisions, taken by the ro A je Programme ct Member States. These statements are R e s o Implementation prepared in conformity with generally u r c accepted accounting principles e s by Geographic and the International Standards Region of Public Accounting applied. Consolidated

The 2020 consolidated budget 2020

Implementation M

(Regular and Programme Budget) e

implemented the amount of EUR 58 e r

of Resources r

e Million. The budget was financed by a the Membership Contributions from 2020 n the Member States, other revenue and to a larger extend by donor contributions for project resources. Western Balkans & Turkey 5 % The consolidated budget includes Eastern Europe & Central Asia 6 % two budget parts. The Regular Silk Routes 10 % Budget, which finances administrative Mediterranean 55 % costs including management and Africa 9 % infrastructure expenses, and the Membership Contributions 1.388.000 € Global / Interregional 12 % Programme Budget, which includes Other 588.000 € earmarked resources for project Contributions Operational Activities 3.328.000 € Policy & Research 3 % implementation, specific programs for Project Resources 52.728.000 € Member States and support functions. TOTAL REVENUE 58,032,000 €

Consolidated Implementation 2016 – 2020 (Increase of 27% in 2020 in comparison to 2019)

ICMPD MemberUN & StatesOther institutions 58.0 Mio Other Stat 60,000,000 € es ICMPD Member States 6 %

Other states 11 % +27 % European Commission 80 % 50,000,000 € 45.8 Mio UN & Other institutions 3 %

38.4 Mio Programme 40,000,000 € Implementation 32.1 Mio by Funding Structure 30,000,000 €

24.3 Mio 2020

s i

20,000,000 € m

o r u

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 E