DOCSLIB.ORG

Prevention and Treatment of Cancer-Related Infections Discussion

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Prevention and Treatment of Cancer-Related Infections Discussion NCCN Guidelines Index NCCN Guidelines Version 1.2014 Table of Contents Prevention and Treatment of Cancer-Related Infections Discussion NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®) Prevention and Treatment of Cancer-Related Infections Version 2.2016 NCCN.org Continue Version 2.2016, 05/20/16 © National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Inc. 2016, All rights reserved. The NCCN Guidelines® and this illustration may not be reproduced in any form without the express written permission of NCCN®. Printed by Brian Hill on 10/1/2016 3:49:18 PM. For personal use only. Not approved for distribution. Copyright © 2016 National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Inc., All Rights Reserved. NCCN Guidelines Index NCCN Guidelines Version 2.2016 Infections Table of Contents Prevention and Treatment of Cancer-Related Infections Discussion * Lindsey Robert Baden, MD Chair Ф Erik R. Dubberke, MD Ф Þ Ken Rolston, MD Ф Þ Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women’s Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes- The University of Texas Cancer Center | Massachusetts General Jewish Hospital and Washington MD Anderson Cancer Center Hospital Cancer Center University School of Medicine Gowri Satyanarayana, MD Ф * Sankar Swaminathan, MD Vice-Chair Ф Ashley Morris Engemann, PharmD, BCOP Σ ‡ Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center Huntsman Cancer Institute Duke Cancer Institute at the University of Utah * Brahm Segal, MD Ф * Alison G. Freifeld, MD Ф Þ Roswell Park Cancer Institute Michael Angarone, DO Ф Þ Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer * Susan K. Seo, MD Ф Þ Center of Northwestern University John N. Greene, MD Ф Þ Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Moffitt Cancer Center * Gayle Blouin, PharmD, BCOP Σ * Shmuel Shoham, MD Ф Massachuetts General Hospital James I. Ito, MD Ф Þ The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Cancer Center Bernard C. Camins, MD Ф * Randy Taplitz, MD Ф * Daniel R. Kaul, MD Ф University of Alabama at Birmingham University of Michigan UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center Comprehensive Cancer Center Comprehensive Cancer Center Jeffrey Topal, MD Þ * Corey Casper, MD, MPH Ф * Mark E. Lustberg, MD, PhD Ф Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/ The Ohio State University Comprehensive Seattle Cancer Care Alliance Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital * John W. Wilson, MD Ф and Solove Reseach Institute Mayo Clinic Cancer Center * Brenda Cooper, MD † Case Comprehensive Cancer Center/ Jose G. Montoya, MD Ф University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Stanford Cancer Institute Center and Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute Ф Infectious diseases ‡ Hematology/Hematology oncology Þ Internal medicine X Pulmonary medicine NCCN Staff † Medical oncology Karin G. Hoffmann, RN, CCM Continue Σ Pharmacology Courtney Smith, PhD * Discussion section writing committee NCCN Guidelines Panel Disclosures Version 2.2016, 05/20/16 © National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Inc. 2016, All rights reserved. The NCCN Guidelines® and this illustration may not be reproduced in any form without the express written permission of NCCN®. Printed by Brian Hill on 10/1/2016 3:49:18 PM. For personal use only. Not approved for distribution. Copyright © 2016 National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Inc., All Rights Reserved. NCCN Guidelines Index NCCN Guidelines Version 2.2016 Infections Table of Contents Prevention and Treatment of Cancer-Related Infections Discussion NCCN Guidelines Prevention and Treatment of Cancer-Related Infections Panel Members Summary of the Guidelines Updates Clinical Trials: NCCN believes that Antimicrobial Prophylaxis (INF-1) the best management for any cancer Antifungal Prophylaxis (INF-2) patient is in a clinical trial. Prevention of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) and Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) Reactivation or Participation in clinical trials is Disease (INF-3) especially encouraged. Prevention of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Reactivation or Disease (INF-4) To find clinical trials online at NCCN Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Member Institutions, click here: Reactivation or Disease (INF-5) nccn.org/clinical_trials/physician.html. Antipneumocystis Prophylaxis (INF-6) General Recommendations for Vaccination in Patients with Cancer (INF-7) NCCN Categories of Evidence and All recommendations Recommended Vaccination Schedule After Autologous Or Allogeneic HCT(INF-8) Consensus: are category 2A unless otherwise Initial Evaluation of Fever and Neutropenia (FEV-1) specified. Initial Risk Assessment for Febrile Neutropenic Patients (FEV-2) Outpatient Therapy for Low-Risk Patients (FEV-3) See NCCN Categories of Evidence Initial Empiric Therapy For Fever And Neutropenia (FEV-5) and Consensus. Site-Specific Evaluation and Therapy: Mouth/Mucosal Membrane, Esophagus, and Sinus/Nasal (FEV-6) Abdominal Pain, Perirectal Pain, Diarrhea, and Urinary Tract Symptoms (FEV-7) Lung Infiltrates (FEV-8) Cellulitis/Skin and Soft Tissue Infections, Vascular Access Devices, Vesicular Lesions, Disseminated Papules or Other Lesions, and Central Nervous System Symptoms (FEV-9) Principles of Daily Follow-Up (FEV-10) Follow-Up Therapy for Responding Disease (FEV-11) Antibacterial Agents Table (FEV-A) Antifungal Agents Table (FEV-B) Antiviral Agents Table (FEV-C) Risk Assessment Resources (FEV-D) The NCCN Guidelines® are a statement of evidence and consensus of the authors regarding their views of currently accepted approaches to treatment. Any clinician seeking to apply or consult the NCCN Guidelines is expected to use independent medical judgment in the context of individual clinical circumstances to determine any patient’s care or treatment. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network® (NCCN®) makes no representations or warranties of any kind regarding their content, use or application and disclaims any responsibility for their application or use in any way. The NCCN Guidelines are copyrighted by National Comprehensive Cancer Network®. All rights reserved. The NCCN Guidelines and the illustrations herein may not be reproduced in any form without the express written permission of NCCN. ©2016. Version 2.2016, 05/20/16 © National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Inc. 2016, All rights reserved. The NCCN Guidelines® and this illustration may not be reproduced in any form without the express written permission of NCCN®. Printed by Brian Hill on 10/1/2016 3:49:18 PM. For personal use only. Not approved for distribution. Copyright © 2016 National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Inc., All Rights Reserved. NCCN Guidelines Index NCCN Guidelines Version 2.2016 Infections Table of Contents Prevention and Treatment of Cancer-Related Infections Discussion Updates in Version 2.2016 of the NCCN Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Cancer-Related Infections from Version 2.2016 include: MS-1 • The discussion section was updated to reflect the changes in the algorithm. Updates in Version 2.2016 of the NCCN Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Cancer-Related Infections from Version 2.2015 include: INF-1 INF-3 continued • Overall Infection Risk In Patients With Cancer (Intermediate and High) • Disease/Therapy Examples: Alemtuzumab therapy/Allogeneic �Under Antimicrobial Prophylaxis, statement added: "Consider PCP HCT/GVHD requiring steroid treatment prophylaxis" �Minimum Duration revised: • Footnote "g" revised: "See Antiviral Agents (FEV-C) for dosing, ◊ "Minimum of 2 mo after alemtuzumab and until CD4 ≥200 spectrum, and specific comments/cautions. The antivirals are not cells/mcL During active therapy including periods of equal in terms of efficacy, side effects, and resistance." neutropenia and at least 30 d after HSCT" (Also for INF-3, INF-4, and INF-5) ◊ "Acyclovir Prophylaxis should be considered for at least 1 INF-2 y after allogeneic HSCT Preemptive therapy for CMV (See • Antifungal Prophylaxis INF-4) Antiviral therapy for HBV (See INF-5)" � For ALL,"Micafungin" was added. • Footnote "o" added: "For CMV antiviral prophylaxis, see INF-4. � For MDS (neutropenic), AML (neutropenic), and Significant GVHD, For HBV, HCV and HIV antiviral prophylaxis see INF-5." "Micafungin (category 2B)" was added. INF-4 � For Allogeneic HCT (neutropenic), Itraconazole (category 2B) was • Surveillance Period (High risk for CMV) removed. �Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients � Footnote "k" revised: "Consider antifungal prophylaxis in all patients statement revised: with GVHD receiving immunosuppressive therapy (IST)" ◊ "Typically for 1 to 6 months after transplant" � Footnote "m" revised: "Itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole ◊ "GVHD requiring therapy" are more potent inhibitors of hepatic cytochrome P450 3A4 �Footnote "p" revised: "CMV surveillance consists of at least isoenzymes than fluconazole and may significantly decrease the weekly monitoring by PCR or antigen testing." clearance of several agents used to treat cancer (eg, vincristine)." �Footnote "t" revised: "Foscarnet or cidofovir should be used INF-3 for cases of ganciclovir-resistant CMV or when ganciclovir • Overall Infection Risk In Patients With Cancer (Intermediate) is not tolerated (eg, ganciclovir-induced neutropenia � Minimum Duration revised: myelosuppression)." ◊ "Consider during active therapy and possibly longer depending on degree of immunosuppression at least 30 d after HSCT" ◊ "Consider for at least 1 y 6–12 months after autologous HSCT HCT after allogencic HCT and at least 6–12 months" Note: All recommendations are category 2A unless
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Interbiotech Entecavir
    InterBioTech FT-XLS250 Entecavir Product Description Catalog #: XLS250, 5mg XLS251, 10mg XLS252, 50mg XLS253, 100mg AXAIV0, 1ml 10mM in DMSO. Catalog #: Name: Entecavir, Monohydrate Syn: BMS200475 monohydrate; SQ34676 monohydrate CAS : 209216-23-9 MW : 295.29 Formula : C12H17N5O4 Properties : DMSO : ≥ 50 mg/mL (169.33 mM) H2O : 2.8 mg/mL (9.48 mM) >99.5% Storage: Powder: -20°C (long term; possible at +4°C (2 years) (M) Also available: In solvent: -80°C (6 months) -20°C (1 month) Entecavir free form #RO893P/Q/R (Syn.: BMS200475; SQ34676) CAS No. : 142217-69-4; MW: 277.2 For Research Use Only Introduction Entecavir monohydrate (BMS200475 monohydrate; SQ34676 monohydrate) is a potent and selective inhibitor of HBV, with an EC50 of 3.75 nM in HepG2 cell. IC50 & Target EC50：3.75 nM (anti-HBV, HepG2 cell)[1] In Vitro *Solubility : DMSO : ≥ 50 mg/mL (169.33 mM) H2O : 2.8 mg/mL (9.48 mM; Need ultrasonic and warming) *Preparation : 1mM = 1mg in 3.3865 mL Entecavir monohydrate (BMS200475 monohydrate; SQ34676 monohydrate) has a EC50 of 3.75 nM against HBV. It is incorporated into the protein primer of HBV and subsequently inhibits the priming step of the reverse transcriptase. The antiviral activity of BMS-200475 is significantly less against the other RNA and DNA viruses[1]. Entecavir monohydrate is more readily phosphorylated to its active metabolites than other deoxyguanosine analogs (penciclovir, ganciclovir, lobucavir, and aciclovir) or lamivudine. The intracellular half-life of entecavir is 15 h[2]. P.1 InterBioTech FT-XLS250 In Vivo *Preparation : 1. Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% saline Solubility: ≥ 3 mg/mL (10.16 mM); Clear solution 2.
    [Show full text]
  • COVID-19) Pandemic on National Antimicrobial Consumption in Jordan
    antibiotics Article An Assessment of the Impact of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic on National Antimicrobial Consumption in Jordan Sayer Al-Azzam 1, Nizar Mahmoud Mhaidat 1, Hayaa A. Banat 2, Mohammad Alfaour 2, Dana Samih Ahmad 2, Arno Muller 3, Adi Al-Nuseirat 4 , Elizabeth A. Lattyak 5, Barbara R. Conway 6,7 and Mamoon A. Aldeyab 6,* 1 Clinical Pharmacy Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; [email protected] (S.A.-A.); [email protected] (N.M.M.) 2 Jordan Food and Drug Administration (JFDA), Amman 11181, Jordan; [email protected] (H.A.B.); [email protected] (M.A.); [email protected] (D.S.A.) 3 Antimicrobial Resistance Division, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; [email protected] 4 World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo 11371, Egypt; [email protected] 5 Scientific Computing Associates Corp., River Forest, IL 60305, USA; [email protected] 6 Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; [email protected] 7 Institute of Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK * Correspondence: [email protected] Citation: Al-Azzam, S.; Mhaidat, N.M.; Banat, H.A.; Alfaour, M.; Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has overlapping clinical characteristics with bacterial Ahmad, D.S.; Muller, A.; Al-Nuseirat, respiratory tract infection, leading to the prescription of potentially unnecessary antibiotics. This A.; Lattyak, E.A.; Conway, B.R.; study aimed at measuring changes and patterns of national antimicrobial use for one year preceding Aldeyab, M.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Oral Candidiasis: a Review
    International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ISSN- 0975-1491 Vol 2, Issue 4, 2010 Review Article ORAL CANDIDIASIS: A REVIEW YUVRAJ SINGH DANGI1, MURARI LAL SONI1, KAMTA PRASAD NAMDEO1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur (C.G.) – 49500 Email: [email protected] Received: 13 Jun 2010, Revised and Accepted: 16 July 2010 ABSTRACT Candidiasis, a common opportunistic fungal infection of the oral cavity, may be a cause of discomfort in dental patients. The article reviews common clinical types of candidiasis, its diagnosis current treatment modalities with emphasis on the role of prevention of recurrence in the susceptible dental patient. The dental hygienist can play an important role in education of patients to prevent recurrence. The frequency of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) has increased over the last decade with the rise in at‐risk populations of patients. The morbidity and mortality of IFIs are high and management of these conditions is a great challenge. With the widespread adoption of antifungal prophylaxis, the epidemiology of invasive fungal pathogens has changed. Non‐albicans Candida, non‐fumigatus Aspergillus and moulds other than Aspergillus have become increasingly recognised causes of invasive diseases. These emerging fungi are characterised by resistance or lower susceptibility to standard antifungal agents. Oral candidiasis is a common fungal infection in patients with an impaired immune system, such as those undergoing chemotherapy for cancer and patients with AIDS. It has a high morbidity amongst the latter group with approximately 85% of patients being infected at some point during the course of their illness. A major predisposing factor in HIV‐infected patients is a decreased CD4 T‐cell count.
    [Show full text]
  • Ribavirin) Tablets Initial U.S
    HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION ------------------------------ CONTRAINDICATIONS -----------------------------­ These highlights do not include all the information needed to use • Pregnant women and men whose female partners are pregnant (4, 5.1, COPEGUS safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for 8.1) COPEGUS. • Hemoglobinopathies (4) • Coadministration with didanosine (4, 7.1) ® COPEGUS (ribavirin) Tablets Initial U.S. Approval: 2002 COPEGUS in combination with PEGASYS is contraindicated in patients with: WARNING: RISK OF SERIOUS DISORDERS AND RIBAVIRIN­ • Autoimmune hepatitis (4) ASSOCIATED EFFECTS • Hepatic decompensation in cirrhotic patients (4, 5.3) See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. • Ribavirin monotherapy, including COPEGUS, is not effective for ----------------------- WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ----------------------­ the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection (Boxed • Birth defects and fetal death with ribavirin: Do not use in pregnancy and Warning). for 6 months after treatment. Patients must have a negative pregnancy • The hemolytic anemia associated with ribavirin therapy may result test prior to therapy, use at least 2 forms of contraception and undergo in worsening of cardiac disease and lead to fatal and nonfatal monthly pregnancy tests (4, 5.1, 8.1) myocardial infarctions. Patients with a history of significant or unstable cardiac disease should not be treated with COPEGUS (2.3, PEGASYS/COPEGUS: Patients exhibiting the following conditions should be 5.2, 6.1). closely monitored and may require dose reduction or discontinuation of • Significant teratogenic and embryocidal effects have been therapy: demonstrated in all animal species exposed to ribavirin. Therefore, • Hemolytic anemia may occur with a significant initial drop in COPEGUS is contraindicated in women who are pregnant and in hemoglobin.
    [Show full text]
  • Combination Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis B: Current Indications
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by PubMed Central Curr Hepatitis Rep (2011) 10:98–105 DOI 10.1007/s11901-011-0095-1 Combination Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis B: Current Indications Navin Paul & Steven-Huy Han Published online: 19 February 2011 # The Author(s) 2011. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Hepatitis B infection remains a major public infected adults in the United States alone and an annual health problem globally and in the United States, with financial burden of $1.3 billion [1, 2•]. Currently available significant use of healthcare resources. Several therapeu- therapeutic options include both parenteral and oral agents, tic agents active against viral and host targets are which act on various host and viral targets. These include currently available for its treatment. The success of medications such as standard interferon and pegylated combination therapy in HIV infection, which has simi- interferon (peg-interferon), which target receptors on the larities to hepatitis B in both therapeutic targets and host cell membranes, and nucleotide and nucleoside treatment options, stimulated studies on the efficacy and analogues, which inhibit HBV RNA-dependent DNA safety of various combinations of available drugs in the polymerase (lamivudine, telbivudine, entecavir, adefovir treatment of hepatitis B infection. In this review, we dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) [3]. analyze the current role of combination therapy in The availability of agents acting on different targets chronic hepatitis B infection. makes the option of combination therapy to achieve better therapeutic results particularly attractive.
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Biotechnology and Microbiology ISSN: 2575-4750
    Page 47 to 49 Volume 1 • Issue 1 • 2017 Research Article Clinical Biotechnology and Microbiology ISSN: 2575-4750 Aspergillosis: A Highly Infectious Global Mycosis of Human and Animal Mahendra Pal* Narayan Consultancy on Veterinary Public Health and Microbiology, 4 Aangan, Ganesh Dairy Road, Anand-388001, India *Corresponding Author: Mahendra Pal, Narayan Consultancy on Veterinary Public Health and Microbiology, 4 Aangan, Ganesh Dairy Road, Anand-388001, India. Received: June 09, 2017; Published: June 19, 2017 Abstract Aspergillosis is an important opportunistic fungal saprozoonosis of worldwide distribution. The disease is reported in humans and animals including birds, and is caused primarily by Aspergillus fumigatus, a saprobic fungus of ubiquitous distribution. It occurs in aspergillosis are re- sporadic and epidemic form causing significant morbidity and mortality. Globally, over 200,000 cases of invasive ported each year. The source of infection is exogenous and respiratory tract is the chief portal of entry of fungus. A variety of clinical aspergillosis. The pathogen can signs are observed in humans and animals. Direct demonstration of fungal agent in clinical material and its isolation in pure growth be easily isolated on APRM agar. Detailed morphology of fungus is studied in Narayan stain. Numerous antifungal drugs are used in on mycological medium is still considered the gold standard to confirm an unequivocal diagnosis of clinical practice to treat cases of aspergillosis - . Certain high risk groups should use face mask to prevent inhalation of fungal spores from immediate environment. It is recommended that “APRM medium” and “Narayan stain”, which are easy to prepare and less ex including Aspergillus pensive than other stains and media, should be routinely used in microbiology and public health laboratories for the study of fungi consequences of disease.
    [Show full text]
  • Recommended Comparator Products: Medicines for Hepatitis B and C
    Guidance Document WHO/PQT: medicines 10 December 2019 Recommended comparator products: Medicines for Hepatitis B and C Comparator products should be purchased from a well regulated market with stringent regulatory authority1. Recommended comparator product Invited medicinal products (Strength, Manufacturer) Hepatitis C Single Ingredient Daclatasvir tablet, 60mg, 30mg Daclatasvir 30 mg and 60 mg tablet, Mylan Laboratories Ltd3 Dasabuvir tablet, 250mg Exviera 250 mg tablet, AbbVie Inc. Viekirax copackaged, 250 mg tablet (+12.5mg/75mg/50mg tablet), AbbVie Inc. Ledipasvir tablet, 90mg No comparator available Ribavirin capsule, 200mg, 400mg, 600 mg Rebetol, 200 mg capsule, MSD Ribavirin syrup, 40mg/ml (oral) Rebetol solution, 40mg/ml, MSD Sofosbuvir tablet 400mg Sovaldi, 400 mg tablet, Gilead Sciences Velpatasvir tablet, 100mg No comparator available Fixed-dose combination (FDC) Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir, tablet Viekirax, 12.5mg/75mg/50mg tablet, AbbVie Inc. 12.5mg/75mg/50mg, 25mg/150mg/100mg Technivie, 12.5mg/75mg/50mg tablet, AbbVie Inc., US2 Sofosbuvir/ Daclatasvir, tablet 400mg/30mg The individual comparators should be used. Sofosbuvir/ Daclatasvir, tablet 400mg/60mg The individual comparators should be used. 1 A regulatory authority that is: a) a member of ICH prior to 23 October 2015, namely: the US Food and Drug Administration, the European Commission and the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan also represented by the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency; or b) an ICH observer prior to 23 October 2015, namely: the European Free Trade Association, as represented by Swissmedic and Health Canada; or c) a regulatory authority associated with an ICH member through a legally-binding, mutual recognition agreement prior to 23 October 2015, namely: Australia, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway.
    [Show full text]
  • Tenofovir Alafenamide Rescues Renal Tubules in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B
    life Communication Tenofovir Alafenamide Rescues Renal Tubules in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Tomoya Sano * , Takumi Kawaguchi , Tatsuya Ide, Keisuke Amano, Reiichiro Kuwahara, Teruko Arinaga-Hino and Takuji Torimura Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan; [email protected] (T.K.); [email protected] (T.I.); [email protected] (K.A.); [email protected] (R.K.); [email protected] (T.A.-H.); [email protected] (T.T.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +81-942-31-7627 Abstract: Nucles(t)ide analogs (NAs) are effective for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). NAs suppress hepatic decompensation and hepatocarcinogenesis, leading to a dramatic improvement of the natural course of patients with CHB. However, renal dysfunction is becoming an important issue for the management of CHB. Renal dysfunction develops in patients with the long-term treatment of NAs including adefovir dipivoxil and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Recently, several studies have reported that the newly approved tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) has a safe profile for the kidney due to greater plasma stability. In this mini-review, we discuss the effectiveness of switching to TAF for NAs-related renal tubular dysfunction in patients with CHB. Keywords: adefovir dipivoxil (ADV); Fanconi syndrome; hepatitis B virus (HBV); renal tubular Citation: Sano, T.; Kawaguchi, T.; dysfunction; tenofovir alafenamide (TAF); tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF); β2-microglobulin Ide, T.; Amano, K.; Kuwahara, R.; Arinaga-Hino, T.; Torimura, T. Tenofovir Alafenamide Rescues Renal Tubules in Patients with Chronic 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Oral Antifungals Month/Year of Review: July 2015 Date of Last
    © Copyright 2012 Oregon State University. All Rights Reserved Drug Use Research & Management Program Oregon State University, 500 Summer Street NE, E35 Salem, Oregon 97301-1079 Phone 503-947-5220 | Fax 503-947-1119 Class Update with New Drug Evaluation: Oral Antifungals Month/Year of Review: July 2015 Date of Last Review: March 2013 New Drug: isavuconazole (a.k.a. isavunconazonium sulfate) Brand Name (Manufacturer): Cresemba™ (Astellas Pharma US, Inc.) Current Status of PDL Class: See Appendix 1. Dossier Received: Yes1 Research Questions: Is there any new evidence of effectiveness or safety for oral antifungals since the last review that would change current PDL or prior authorization recommendations? Is there evidence of superior clinical cure rates or morbidity rates for invasive aspergillosis and invasive mucormycosis for isavuconazole over currently available oral antifungals? Is there evidence of superior safety or tolerability of isavuconazole over currently available oral antifungals? • Is there evidence of superior effectiveness or safety of isavuconazole for invasive aspergillosis and invasive mucormycosis in specific subpopulations? Conclusions: There is low level evidence that griseofulvin has lower mycological cure rates and higher relapse rates than terbinafine and itraconazole for adult 1 onychomycosis.2 There is high level evidence that terbinafine has more complete cure rates than itraconazole (55% vs. 26%) for adult onychomycosis caused by dermatophyte with similar discontinuation rates for both drugs.2 There is low
    [Show full text]
  • Invasive Trichosporonosis in a Critically Ill ICU Patient: Case Report
    log bio y: O ro p c e i n M A l a c c c i e n s i l s Paradžik et al., Clin Microbiol 2015, 4:4 C Clinical Microbiology: Open Access DOI:10.4172/2327-5073.1000210 ISSN: 2327-5073 Case Report Open Access Invasive Trichosporonosis in a Critically Ill ICU Patient: Case Report Maja Tomić Paradžik1*, Josip Mihić2, Jasminka Kopić3 and Emilija Mlinarić Missoni4 1Clinical Microbiology Department, Institute for Public Health Brod-Posavina County, Slavonski Brod 2Neurosurgery section, Department of Surgery, GH, Slavonski Brod 3Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, GH, Slavonski Brod 4Reference Center for Systemic Mycoses, Croatian National Institute for Public Health, Zagreb *Corresponding author: Maja Tomić Paradžik, MD, Clinical Microbiology Department Institute for Public Health Brod–Posavina County, Vladimira Nazora 2A, Slavonski Brod 35-000, Croatia, Tel: +385-35-444-051; Fax: +385-35-440-244; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: June 12, 2015; Accepted date: July 15, 2015; Published date: July 22, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Paradžik MT, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Introduction Systemic infections caused by said pathogen are, consequently, most common in patients with acute leukemia, granulocytopenia, T. asahii, a yeast from the Basidiomycetes class, is one of life- neutropenia, solid tumors, hemochromatosis, uremia and AIDS or threatening opportunistic pathogens, most prominently for undergoing corticosteroid therapy and chemotherapy [4-6,10]. granulocytopenic and immunocompromised, as well as AIDS, patients [1-5].
    [Show full text]
  • Pegintron.Com
    HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION Hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus These highlights do not include all the information needed to use that cannot be effectively treated by medication. (5.4) PEGINTRON safely and effectively. See full prescribing New or worsening ophthalmologic disorders. (5.5) information for PEGINTRON. Ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular events. (5.6) ® Severe decreases in neutrophil or platelet counts. (5.7) PEGINTRON (peginterferon alfa-2b) injection, for subcutaneous History of autoimmune disorders. (5.8) use Pancreatitis and ulcerative or hemorrhagic/ischemic colitis and Initial U.S. Approval: 2001 pancreatitis. (5.9, 5.10) Pulmonary infiltrates or pulmonary function impairment. (5.11) WARNING: RISK OF SERIOUS DISORDERS Child-Pugh score greater than 6 (class B and C). (4, 5.12) See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. Increased creatinine levels in patients with renal insufficiency. May cause or aggravate fatal or life-threatening (5.13) neuropsychiatric, autoimmune, ischemic, and infectious Serious, acute hypersensitivity reactions and cutaneous eruptions. disorders. Monitor closely and withdraw therapy with (5.14) persistently severe or worsening signs or symptoms of the Dental/periodontal disorders reported with combination therapy. above disorders. (5) (5.16) Hypertriglyceridemia may result in pancreatitis (e.g., triglycerides ----------------------------INDICATIONS AND USAGE---------------------------- greater than 1000 mg/dL). (5.17) PEGINTRON is an antiviral indicated for treatment of Chronic Hepatitis Weight loss and growth inhibition reported during combination C (CHC) in patients with compensated liver disease. (1.1) therapy in pediatric patients. Long-term growth inhibition (height) reported in some patients. (5.18) ----------------------- DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ----------------------- Peripheral neuropathy when used in combination with telbivudine.
    [Show full text]
  • Telbivudine Decreases Proportion of Peripheral Blood CD4+CD25+Cd127low T Cells in Parallel with Inhibiting Hepatitis B Virus DNA
    2024 MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS 9: 2024-2030, 2014 Telbivudine decreases proportion of peripheral blood CD4+CD25+CD127low T cells in parallel with inhibiting hepatitis B virus DNA ZEHUI YAN1, JIJUN ZHOU1, MENGJUN ZHANG2, XIAOLAN FU2, YUZHANG WU2 and YUMING WANG1 1Institute of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University; 2Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China Received July 11, 2013; Accepted February 25, 2014 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2042 Abstract. Regulatory T cells (Treg) have significant roles in the Introduction immunopathology of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and exhibit an evident correlation with antiviral immunity Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious public health when antiviral therapy is applied. In order to investigate how problem affecting more than 400 million individuals world- circulating Tregs are affected by telbivudine treatment and wide (1). During HBV infection, the host immune responses, its significance in patients with CHB, peripheral blood mono- particularly the cellular immune response, mediate clearance nuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and the proportions of of HBV infection and the pathogenesis of liver injury is circulating cluster of differentiation (CD)4+CD25+CD127low and dependent on the balance between HBV replication and the CD8+CD25+ T cells of CHB patients prior to and during the viral‑specific cytotoxic T‑lymphocyte (CTL) response (2). In three or six months of treatment were assessed and detected by patients with an acute self-limiting HBV infection, the CD4+ flow cytometric analysis. The levels of orkheadf /winged helix and CD8+ T-cell response with T helper 1 type cytokine transcription factor (Foxp3) mRNA were also quantified using profile is crucial for the control of the infection (3,4).
    [Show full text]