Do Not Lie the Devil Is a Liar 10 John 8:43-44: “Why Do You Not Understand What I Say? It Is Because You Cannot Bear to Hear My Word

Session 10

Session 10: Ready Your Heart Do Not Lie The Devil Is a Liar 10 John 8:43-44: “Why do you not understand what I say? It is because you cannot bear to hear my word. You are of your father the devil, and your will is to do your father’s desires. He was a murderer from the beginning, and does not stand in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he lies, he speaks out of his own character, for he is a liar and the father of lies.”

When Jesus is addressing the Pharisees in this passage, He is cutting to the core of two things. He is first identifying who they are, and second, He is doing it through the framework of who He is. When Jesus tells the Pharisees in John 8 that they are from their father, the Devil, because they lie about His deity, He points out an attribute of Satan that is important for the believer to understand—he is a liar.

Satan lies to believers. He places doubt in our lives. He tells us our salvation experience was a moment of emotion and not a true moment of repentance and change. He causes us to doubt the promises found in Scripture. He tells us we have time to ignore God but not enough time to focus on trivial pursuits. He convinces us not to share the gospel with friends for fear of risking the relationship.

Satan also deceives those who are not in Christ. He serves as a stumbling block to them. He keeps them from a knowledge of the truth of their sin and their need for a Savior (2 Cor. 4:4).

He is a liar and a murderer. He seeks to keep life away from God’s creation at all costs. We need to understand his true nature so we can endure temptation. The next time fear and doubt about obeying God enter your mind, remember that Satan is a liar. He will do everything in his power to keep you from the truth.

Pause and Reflect ––Why does Jesus call Satan a liar? ––How has Jesus saved you from the lies Satan may speak into your life? ––Pray that God gives you the boldness and faith necessary to ignore the lies of Satan.

90 Personal Study Guide | Summer 2014

Colossians 3:9-10: “Do not lie to one another, seeing that you have put off the old self with its practices and have put on the new self, which is being renewed in knowledge after the image of its creator.”

The process of metamorphosis is seen in butterflies. A butterfly lays an egg. That egg hatches into a larva, more commonly known as a caterpillar. The caterpillar eats leaves and grows stronger. The larva eventually develops into a pupa, also known as the cocoon. The cocoon is where the caterpillar’s body rests, grows, and changes. The change takes place over a different period of time for different species of butterflies. Eventually the butterfly outgrows the cocoon and emerges ready to fly.

However, once a butterfly emerges from its cocoon, it does not attempt to climb back into it. It does not try to relive the larva stage of its life. It does not make an attempt to seek out a simpler time when it was merely an egg. Instead, it moves forward, fully embracing this new stage of life and ready to pass life on to the next generation.

Think about repentance in the lives of believers. Once we have turned from our sin and are alive in Christ, we should not intentionally seek out sin. Paul addresses the fact that believers should not lie to one another because they have put off the old self with old practices and have put on an entirely new self. We should not willingly lie to one another any more. That part of our life is done with. If you are in Christ, stay turned from sin and do not seek out the sin of the past. We are renewed in knowledge according to the image of God.

Pause and Reflect ––Are you still seeking out sins from your past? If so, why? ––Why is it important that we are new now that we are in Christ? ––Pray and ask God to point out sin in your life that you need to turn from now. Do so today through the power of the Holy Spirit.

Session 10 91 Session 10: Group Time Do Not Lie God Wants People to Reflect His Character by Telling the Truth

During the 2000 Summer Olympic Games, Marion Jones became a household name as she brought honor to her country. She won a record five medals at the Olympiad, specifically three gold and two bronze. Her performance was astonishing and demonstrated a dominance in the sport of track and field that many had never seen. She was the hope and promise of athleticism in the United States for about five years. But then rumors surfaced about her use of performance-enhancing drugs. Jones testified to federal agents while under oath that she was not guilty of using steroids. She would not relent from her pursuit of a drug-free image. All of her hard work, training, and competing, however, would be undone as she was found to have lied. She was convicted of perjury, sentenced to six months in prison, and stripped of her Olympic medals. She also found herself in financial trouble and participated in a check fraud scheme, yet another lie. Lying was not a one-time offense for Marion Jones. Lying destroyed her life.

What are some examples of the destructive power of lies? How have you personally experienced the consequences of falsehood, either by lying or being lied to?

In the Ninth Commandment, God forbids us to bear false witness against our neighbors. Throughout the Old Testament, He expressed His hatred for lying lips and declared truthfulness to be a requirement for His people. Because of Jesus Christ, who was falsely accused for our sake, we can be forgiven when we repent (tell the truth about ourselves) and believe the gospel (the truth about Jesus). As a truth-telling people, the church now bears a true witness to Christ.

92 Personal Study Guide | Summer 2014 1. God forbids us to bear false witness (Deut. 5:20; Ex. 23:1-3,6-8).

20 “ ‘And you shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.

The first thing we need to know about lying is the specific command from God against giving a false testimony—we should not lie to others. No exceptions are given. We are simply told to obey. However, the law does get specific about certain types of lying in Exodus 23. Take a look:

1 “You shall not spread a false report. You shall not join hands with a wicked man to be a malicious Voices from witness. 2 You shall not fall in with the many to do Church History evil, nor shall you bear witness in a lawsuit, siding “And then she understood with the many, so as to pervert justice, 3 nor shall the devilish cunning of the you be partial to a poor man in his lawsuit. enemies’ plan. By mixing a little truth with it they had made their lie far stronger.” 1 We live in a world that makes money off of –C. S. Lewis (1898-1963) the kinds of lies this passage speaks against. An entire wing of the entertainment industry has been built on the backs of lies that appear as news. As believers, we must seek out the truth and learn to discern what is news and what is gossip.

What kinds of lies are seen as culturally acceptable today? How should Christians respond to gossip in the church?

Though we may not be ones who purchase tabloid gossip, we still have forms of lying that we must watch out for: Stretching the Truth. One form is embellishment. Sometimes this is meant in fun during the telling of a story by making the surrounding details more exaggerated than they truly are. However, this can also be done in a malicious manner to tear down someone’s reputation. As Christians, we should make sure that when asked to give an account of a situation, we are not embellishing details that could change the outcome of a person’s punishment or reward. White Lies. Another popular way to lie is the concept of white lies. White lies are seen as minor and harmless and are often used to shelter someone from a hurtful truth or to make them feel better about themselves. White lies may seem innocent, but even the innocence is deceptive. We lie first to ourselves in telling a white lie.

Session 10 93 We fulfill the law of God by loving our neighbor as ourselves. No one wants to be deceived by others, even if the truth may hurt. Therefore, since we desire the truth, we should speak the truth at all times. In doing so, we will love our neighbor as we love ourselves. So encourage with the truth in love, not the false encouragement of a white lie. Intentional Deception. One more type of lie is intentional deception—an explicit disregard for the truth in order to convince someone of a falsehood. Intentional deception takes place in the Bible on different occasions with varying motives, most often only leading to turmoil. For example, Jacob, the second-born son of Isaac, deceived his father in order to receive the blessing of the firstborn—an act that tore his family apart (Gen. 27). This example illustrates what the Ninth Commandment diagnoses—our unwillingness to trust God with everything. Our hearts are infected with insecurity, rooted in our inability to fully trust anything or anyone because of sin. God, however, is completely trustworthy. We do not need to worry about defending ourselves because God will defend us: “TheLord will keep you from all evil; he will keep your life. TheLord will keep your going out and your coming in from this time forth and forevermore” (Ps. 121:7-8). Either we take God at His word or we consider Him a liar. God is not like those who have let us down time and again. He will not fail us. He will not and cannot lie to His children (Titus 1:2).

When have you witnessed lying tearing a family apart? How can we cultivate truth-telling in our homes and churches?

Lies can have severe consequences, especially in matters of justice. Therefore, God warned leaders to make sure their dealings with people were honest. Examine Exodus 23:6-8:

6 “You shall not pervert the justice due to your poor in his lawsuit. 7 Keep far from a false charge, and do not kill the innocent and righteous, for I will not acquit the wicked. 8 And you shall take no bribe, for a bribe blinds the clear-sighted and subverts the cause of those who are in the right.”

Everyone who serves in government is ultimately responsible to God (Rom. 13). They are to protect the people from injustice and crime. To this end, the innocent and just must be dealt with in a proper manner, and bribes should not be accepted or used to corrupt a testimony. Believers must hear this instruction from Exodus as well and fight against injustice in all its forms. We also should pray that our leaders resist the corrupting temptations they may face. In doing so, God can use us as examples to those in authority.

94 Personal Study Guide | Summer 2014 Followers of Jesus must be mindful of their own motives to lie. We want to build ourselves up, Voices from but we are called to be like Christ (Phil. 2). Even Church History though He was God, He chose not to lord this “If you want the truth to go fact over others, but He humbled Himself and round the world you must hire served others even to the point of death on a cross. an express train to pull it; but if you want a lie to go round Seek out the interests of others by telling them the the world it will fly; it is as light truth in love. as a feather, and a breath will carry it.” 2 Why should we be aware of our –Charles Spurgeon motives to lie? How can we practically (1834-1892) resist the temptation to lie?

2. A truthful heart is required for entrance into God’s kingdom (Ps. 15).

Our God is a God of truth. Honesty is important to Him because it is part of His nature, and He created human beings in His image to be honest with Him and one another. Genesis 2:25 says Adam and Eve were naked and felt no shame. Imagine, nothing to hide, no need to build self up or tear another down, no need to deceive. Unfortunately, it did not last. The serpent deceived Eve, and then Eve deceived herself into believing she would not be harmed but rather helped by eating the fruit, a deception Adam participated in. Then they lied by claiming they were not personally responsible for their own actions. Human integrity was lost in the garden, and we see dishonesty is a direct result of the fall of humanity (Gen. 3). So how do we reflect the nature of God on this point? We demonstrate the truth is in us by matching our actions with the commands of Christ (1 John 2:4). If we preach grace yet withhold forgiveness, then we deceive. If we claim to follow the Servant-King Jesus and yet choose to put our needs above the needs of others, then we lie. Believers also need to be aware that their integrity can affect their ability to share the gospel. It is important that we are known as people who do not lie. We should strive to be truthful in all of our dealings so we are above reproach when we speak with others. A church with integrity is a church God can use to reach their community and the world. A church without integrity will be known as a place full of hypocrites.

Why does God take lying so seriously? Do you think churches take lying seriously? Why or why not?

Session 10 95 Idolatry (prohibited in the First and Second Commandments) is built on the deception that something should come before God. Therefore, lies are a barrier to experiencing Jesus Christ. John 1:17 tells believers that grace and truth come from Jesus Christ. John 4:24 informs us that we should worship in spirit and in truth. Jesus told His disciples in John 14:6 that He is the way, the truth, and the life. Truth and the gospel go hand in hand. If we pursue lies, then we are avoiding the gospel completely. The Old Testament bears this out as well. Read Psalm 15:

1 O Lord, who shall sojourn in your tent? Who shall dwell on your holy hill? 2 He who walks blamelessly and does what is right and speaks truth in his heart; 3 who does not slander with his tongue and does no evil to his neighbor, nor takes up a reproach against his friend; 4 in whose eyes a vile person is despised, but who honors those who fear the Lord; who swears to his own hurt and does not change; 5 who does not put out his money at interest and does not take a bribe against the innocent. He who does these things shall never be moved.

Psalm 15 was a prophetic psalm describing what the Messiah would be like, and the Messiah would be a person of integrity. One quality listed said he would be a person who “swears to his own hurt and does not change.” Who else but Jesus? While on trial in front of His false accusers, He could have denied His deity and taken the easy way out. He could have avoided isolation, persecution, and death by lying about who He is, but He chose to tell the truth. In the same way that Christ told the truth about Himself, we too must tell the truth about Voices from Christ and His salvation. In response to Christ’s Church History work, we repent, in essence telling the truth about “The Lord Christ…was the only One to enter [the temple] in ourselves. We admit we are sinners and our sin is such a way as to stand before in violation of God’s law. And we believe the truth the Father’s face without blemish. So the law did not about Jesus. We confess the truth of His deity and bestow anything on him, His death, burial, and resurrection to save us from but as the best legislator he fulfilled the law.” 3 sin. True followers of Jesus believe and preach the truth of the gospel. –Cassiodorus (circa 485-580)

Why must honesty be a quality found in a follower of Jesus? What are the effects of dishonesty from a believer?

96 Personal Study Guide | Summer 2014 3. In Christ, we put away lying practices because we have put on the new self (Col. 3:9-10).

9 Do not lie to one another, seeing that you have put off the old self with its practices 10 and have put on the new self, which is being renewed in knowledge after the image of its creator.

Honesty is a primary indicator of the change that has taken place in Christians. Because we have the truth of the gospel and a new identity in Christ, we should be truthful with one another and toward God. Yet this is only possible because the Holy Spirit empowers us to put away lying and to live out the new, truthful self we have put on. Jesus told His disciples that the Holy Spirit is the “Spirit of truth” and that He would be with us forever (John 14:17). Believers do not need to fear the truth because we have the Spirit of truth living inside of us. Now, this does not mean we are incapable of lying. We still wrestle with our former ways, known in Colossians 3 as the “old self.” The temptation to deceive and lie remains within us. This is why Paul urged those who read this letter not to lie and instead to put away what belongs to our worldly nature (3:5-8). We have been called to make disciples, or followers of Jesus, from all nations. We cannot go into the world and expect them to believe our message if we do not have credibility. In order to reach a world that has been deceived by sin, we need to make sure we live a life of integrity. So, since God has called us to love others, we should love others. And since God hates lying, we should also hate lies. Those who deny Christ also speak from a lying nature, being children of the Devil. Christians, on the other hand, are different from who we were before Christ because our identity is now found in Him.

In what ways does honesty aid us in our mission to share the truth of Jesus Christ?

Conclusion Jesus Christ embodied the truth, and because we are being made like Christ through the work of the Holy Spirit, we too should embody truth. This means we must be careful to avoid gossip and slander and lies. We have put off this old self and put on the new self through faith in Christ. Now we are being renewed daily according to the image of our Creator, who is the God of truth. Live the truth of who you are in Christ, and speak the truth of what God has done for us in Christ.

Session 10 97 Session 10: Respond in Your Life Do Not Lie Followers Obey

1 John 2:4: “Whoever says ‘I know him’ but does not keep his commandments is a liar, and the truth is not in him.”

In the wild, the coral snake and scarlet king snake look very similar. However, the difference between the two is a matter of life and death. Coral snakes are poisonous, armed with a venom that paralyzes the breathing muscles of their victims. Respiratory failure can occur within hours of a bite. Meanwhile, the king snake is not venomous at all. They are relatively harmless, but humans will stay away from one for fear that it may be a coral snake.

The two species can be told apart, however, by the pattern of colors on their skin. A coral snake’s skin has red and yellow rings that touch while a king snake has red and black. A small rhyme helps people remember the difference between the two snakes: “Red and yellow, kill a fellow; red and black, venom lack.”

Within churches there are people who claim to be believers but who are not. They don’t have distinct color patterns, but the Bible does give us ways to identify true followers of Jesus. John tells us that anyone who claims to be a believer and yet does not keep the commands of Jesus is a liar and does not have the truth.

The commands of Christ as given in Matthew 22:36-40 are twofold: love God and love others. Anyone who does not obey these is not truly a follower of Jesus. However, Jesus left us another command—go and make disciples of the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. We need to heed the commands of Christ, showing the change that has happened to us because of the gospel. By doing so, we will identify ourselves as followers and not hypocrites.

Pause and Reflect ––How can followers of Jesus identify other followers? ––How are you obeying the commands that Christ laid out? ––Pray and thank God for the growth that has taken place in your life. Reflect on other areas in which you need to grow.

98 Personal Study Guide | Summer 2014 About the Writers

Mike Cosper is the one of the founding pastors of The Gospel Project® Sojourn Community Church in Louisville, Kentucky, Adult Personal Study Guide ESV Volume 2, Number 4 Summer 2014 where he serves as the Executive Pastor of Worship and Arts. He’s the author of Rhythms of Grace: How the Church’s Eric Geiger Vice President, Church Resources Worship Tells the Story of the Gospel and the co-author of Faithmapping with Daniel Montgomery. He and his wife, Ed Stetzer General Editor Sarah, have two daughters, Dorothy and Maggie.

Trevin Wax Managing Editor Rey De Armas serves as one of the campus pastors

Daniel Davis at Christ Fellowship in Miami, leading the Coral Gables Content Editor campus. He is married to Lauren, and they have two Philip Nation daughters: Zoe and Lexi. During his free time, Rey Director, Adult Ministry Publishing enjoys dates with Lauren, playing with his daughters, and Faith Whatley playing percussion. Director, Adult Ministry J. D. Greear is the lead pastor of The Summit Church Send questions/comments to: Managing Editor, in Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina. He’s the author The Gospel Project: Adult Personal Study Guide, Gospel: Recovering the Power That Made Christianity One LifeWay Plaza, Nashville, TN 37234-0102; of or make comments on the Web at Revolutionary and Stop Asking Jesus into Your Heart. He www.lifeway.com. and his wife, Veronica, have four children. Printed in the United States of America Trevin Wax is managing editor for The Gospel Project The Gospel Project®: Adult Personal Study Guide ESV (ISSN pending; Item 005573553) is published and the author of Clear Winter Nights, Gospel-Centered quarterly by LifeWay Christian Resources, One LifeWay Plaza, Nashville, TN 37234, Teaching, and Counterfeit Gospels. He has served in Thom S. Rainer, President. © 2014 LifeWay pastoral roles in churches in the United States and Christian Resources. For ordering or inquiries, visit www.lifeway.com, Romania. He and his wife, Corina, reside in Middle or write LifeWay Church Resources Customer Tennessee with their three children. Service, One LifeWay Plaza, Nashville, TN 37234-0113. For subscriptions or subscription address changes, e-mail [email protected], fax (615) 251-5818, or write to the above address. For bulk shipments mailed quarterly to one address, e-mail [email protected], fax (615) 251-5933, or write to the above address. We believe that the Bible has God for its author; salvation for its end; and truth, without any mixture of error, for its matter and that all Scripture is totally true and trustworthy. To review LifeWay’s doctrinal guideline, please visit www.lifeway.com/doctrinalguideline. Unless otherwise noted, all Scripture quotations are taken from the English Standard Version® (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®), copyright 2001 by Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

WRITERS Notes

SESSION 1 SESSION 6 SESSION 10 1. Philip Ryken, Written in Stone 1. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The 1. C. S. Lewis, The Last Battle (New (Wheaton: Crossway, 2003), 27. Adventures and Memoirs of Sherlock York: HarperCollins, 1984), 127. 2. John Chrysostom, in The Homilies Holmes (New York: The Modern Library, 2. Charles H. Spurgeon, “Joseph of St. John Chrysostom on the Epistle 1920), 327-28. Attacked by the Archers,” The of St. Paul the Apostle to the Romans, 2. Philip Graham Ryken, Written in Spurgeon Archive [online], 1 April 1855 by J. B. Morris (Charleston: BiblioLife, Stone, 132. [cited 14 September 2013]. Available 2009), 400. from the Internet: www.spurgeon.org. SESSION 7 3. Charles Spurgeon, The Parables of 3. Cassiodorus, Explanation of the 1. Binyamin Appelbaum, “As U.S. Our Lord, vol. 3 in Miracles and Parables Psalms, 15.5.2, in God’s Work in the Agencies Put More Value on a Life, of Our Lord (Grand Rapids: Baker, Soul, quoted in Psalms 1–50, ed. Craig Businesses Fret,” The New York Times reprinted 1989), 413. Blaising and Carmen Hardin, vol. VII [online], 16 February 2011 [cited 2 July in Ancient Christian Commentary on 4. Augustine, On Romans, 75, in 2013]. Available from the Internet: Scripture: Old Testament (Downers Romans, ed. Gerald Bray, vol. VI in www.nytimes.com. Ancient Christian Commentary on Grove: IVP, 2008), 114. 2. Mark F. Rooker, The Ten Scripture: New Testament (Downers Commandments, vol. 7 in NAC Studies SESSION 11 Grove: IVP, 1998), 330. in Bible & Theology (Nashville: B&H, 1. Cyril of Alexandria, Commentary SESSION 2 2010), 127. on the Gospel of Saint Luke, trans. R. 1. Martin Luther, The Large Catechism 3. Doug McIntosh, Deuteronomy, vol. 3 Payne Smith (Long Island, NY: Studion, (Milton Keynes, UK: Authentic Media in Holman Old Testament Commentary 1983), quoted in Luke, ed. Arthur Just Jr., Limited, 2012). (Nashville: B&H, 2002), 72. vol. III in Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture: New Testament (Downers 2. J. Scott Duvall and J. Daniel Hays, 4. John Chrysostom, The Homilies on Grove: IVP, 2003), 207. Living God’s Word (Grand Rapids: the Statues, trans. W. R. W. Stephens, Zondervan, 2012), 51. in Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, 2. Billy Graham, in Billy Graham in First Series, ed. Philip Schaff, vol. 9 Quotes, ed. Franklin Graham (Nashville: 3. Paul David Tripp, What Did you Thomas Nelson, 2011), 161. Expect?? (Wheaton: Crossway, (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, reprint 2010), 273. 2004), 421. 3. Philip Graham Ryken, Written in Stone, 212. 4. Colt McCoy and Matt Carter, The 5. Augustine, Sermons 49.7, in Works Real Win (New York: Multnomah, of St. Augustine: A Translation for the 4. Daniel L. Akin, 10 Who Changed the 2013), 34. Twenty-First Century, ed. J. E. Rotelle World (Nashville: B&H, 2012), 29-46. (Hyde Park, NY: New City Press, 1995), SESSION 12 SESSION 3 3/2:338, quoted in James, 1–2 Peter, 1. Kyle Idleman, Gods at War (Grand 1–3 John, Jude, ed. Gerald Bray, vol. XI 1. Warren Wiersbe, The Bible Exposition Rapids: Zondervan, 2013), 49. in Ancient Christian Commentary on Commentary, vol. 2 (Colorado Springs: Scripture: New Testament (Downers Cook Communications, 2001), 212. 2. Augustine, On the Psalms, in Nicene Grove: IVP, 2000), 203. and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, ed. 2. Hilary, On Matthew, 4:16, quoted in Philip Schaff, vol. 8 (New York: Cosimo, SESSION 8 Matthew 1–13, ed. Manlio Simonetti, reprinted 2007), 477. vol. Ia in Ancient Christian Commentary 1. Martin Luther, The Small Catechism, on Scripture: New Testament (Downers 3. Ed Stetzer, Subversive Kingdom in The Reformation Reader, ed. Denis Grove: IVP, 2001), 97. (Nashville: B&H, 2012), 142. Janz (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1999), 114. 3. J. D. Greear, Gospel (Nashville: B&H, SESSION 4 2011), 209. 2. Eric Mason, Manhood Restored 1. D. A. Carson, The God Who Is There (Nashville: B&H, 2013), 92-93. SESSION 13 (Grand Rapids: Baker, 2010), 61. 3. Gregory the Great, Homily 40, 1. Brad Merrill, “Apple Posts Snarky 2. Martin Luther, The Small Catechism, quoted in Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Apology to Samsung on Its UK Website, in Basic Theological Writings, ed. Deuteronomy, ed. Joseph T. Lienhard, in Arial,” VentureBreak [online], 26 Timothy Lull (Minneapolis: Augsburg vol. III in Ancient Christian Commentary October 2012 [cited 5 November Press, 2005), 321. on Scripture: Old Testament (Downers 2013]. Available from the Internet: 3. John Wesley, “Upon our Lord’s Grove: IVP, 2001), 107. venturebreak.com. Sermon on the Mount, Discourse IV,” in SESSION 9 2. Adrian Rogers, in Adrianisms: The John Wesley’s Sermons: An Anthology, Wit and Wisdom of Adrian Rogers, eds. Albert Outler and Richard 1. Philip Graham Ryken, Written in vol. 1 (Memphis: Love Worth Finding, Heitzenrater (Nashville: Abingdon Stone, 174. 2006), 171. Press, 1991), 203. 2. George Müller, quoted in George 3. C. S. Lewis, Mere Christianity (New SESSION 5 Muller of Bristol, by A. T. Pierson York: Touchstone, 1980), 95. (Waymark Books, 2010), 226. 1. Augustine, City of God, trans. 4. Larry Osborne, Accidental Pharisees Gerald G. Walsh, Demetrius B. Zema, 3. Timothy Keller, Generous Justice (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2012), 194. Grace Monahan, and Daniel J. Honan, (New York: Riverhead, 2010), 49. ed. Vernon J. Bourke (New York: Doubleday, 1958), 543-44. 2. Timothy M. Pierce, Enthroned on Our Praise, vol. 4 in NAC Studies in Bible & Theology (Nashville: B&H, 2008), 71. 3. Craig L. Blomberg, “The Sabbath as Fulfilled in Christ,” inPerspectives on the Sabbath: 4 Views, ed. Christopher John Donato (Nashville: B&H, 2011), 351.

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