ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT:

BUSHELLS FARM, MILL LANE, GOOSNARGH, PRESTON, LANCASHIRE

Planning Reference: Pre-application NGR: SD 5608 3663 AAL Site Code: GOML 18

Report prepared for PWA Planning

By Allen Archaeology Limited Report Number AAL 2018127

August 2018

Contents

Executive Summary ...... 4 1.0 Introduction ...... 5 2.0 Site Location and Description ...... 5 3.0 Planning Background ...... 5 National Planning Policy ...... 5 Local Planning Policy ...... 6 4.0 Methodology ...... 7 Data Collection ...... 7 5.0 Archaeological and Historical Background ...... 8 6.0 Site Visit...... 11 7.0 Constraints ...... 17 8.0 Discussion and Conclusions ...... 18 9.0 Acknowledgements ...... 19 10.0 References ...... 19 Cartographic Sources ...... 20

List of Plates

Plate 1: View of the northern part of the site looking southwest ...... 11 Plate 2: View of the eastern part of the site looking northeast ...... 12 Plate 3: View of the site looking west towards Church Lane and Churchgate ...... 12 Plate 4: View of the depression in the centre of the site looking south towards Whittingham Lane .. 13 Plate 5: View of housing along Church Lane from the site, looking west ...... 13 Plate 6: View of warehouses to the northwest of the site looking northwest ...... 14 Plate 7: The southern boundary of the site and housing along Whittingham Lane looking west...... 14 Plate 8: The Church of St Mary, looking north ...... 15 Plate 9: The Grapes Inn (Site 13) looking northwest ...... 15 Plate 10: The former Bushells Arms (Site 17), looking south...... 16 Plate 11: Goosnargh Oliverson’s Church of England School (Site 7) looking northwest ...... 16 Plate 12: Bushell’s Hospital (Site 11) looking northwest ...... 17 Plate 13: Views of the church and Bushell’s Hospital from the site, looking north ...... 17

List of Appendices

Appendix 1: List of LCASHER Entries within a 1km search area...... 21 Appendix 2: Figures ...... 24

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List of Figures

Figure 1: Site Location outlined in red ...... 24 Figure 2: Location and direction of site visit photographs with the site outlined in red...... 25 Figure 3: LCASHER entries within a 1km radius of the site with the site outlined in red ...... 26 Figure 4: LiDAR imagery within a 1km radius of the site with the site outlined in red ...... 27 Figure 5: Extract of 1 st Edition Ordnance Survey map (1844) with the site outlined in red ...... 28 Figure 6: Extracts of 1849 Goosnargh with Newsham tithe map (north), and 1850 Whittingham Tithe Map (south) with the site outlined in red ...... 29 Figure 7: Extract of 1893 Ordnance Survey map with the site outlined in red ...... 30 Figure 8: Extract of 1912 Ordnance Survey map with the site outlined in red ...... 31 Figure 9: Extract of 1932 Ordnance Survey map with the site outlined in red ...... 32 Figure 10: Extract of 1938 Ordnance Survey map with the site outlined in red ...... 33 Figure 11: Draft proposed site layout provided by client with site outlined in red ...... 34

Document Control

Element : Name: Date: Report prepared by: Isobel Curwen MSc BSc (Hons), Tobin 26/07/ 20 18 Rayner BSc MSc ACIfA, and Harvey Tesseyman BA (Hons) PCIfA Illustrations prepared by: Isobel Curwen MSc BSc (Hons), Tobin 26/07/ 20 18 Rayner BSc MSc ACIfA, and Harvey Tesseyman BA (Hons) PCIfA Report edited by: Matt Parker Wooding MPhil MCIfA 01/08/2018 Report reviewe d by: Chris Clay BA MA (Hons) 02/08/2018 Version no: v0.1 02 /08/2018

Cover image: View of the site looking east

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Executive Summary

• Allen Archaeology Limited was commissioned by PWA Planning to prepare a desk-based assessment to evaluate the archaeological potential of land at Bushells Farm, Mill Lane, Goosnargh, Preston, Lancashire in advance of the submission of a planning application for 155 dwellings.

• Data was gathered from a range of primary and secondary sources, including a search of the Historic Environment Record, Preston Archives, appropriate published sources, and a site visit.

• No prehistoric or Roman activity has been recorded in the search area, with limited evidence for activity of this date in the wider region. While this is in part due to a lack of systematic survey, the absence of evidence suggests a negligible potential for encountering remains of these periods.

• While no early medieval archaeology has been recorded within the search area, documentary and place name evidence suggests settlement developed in Goosnargh prior to the Norman Conquest. The focus of this activity is likely to have been in the existing historic core, and as such there is considered to be a negligible potential for early modern activity.

• Medieval activity is likely to have been focussed around the church and moated manorial site to the north, with the settlement core developing around the church, and gradually expanding during the post-medieval period. There is no evidence for medieval settlement activity on the site and later historic mapping suggests, that except for localised resource extraction the site has remained as agricultural land to the present day, suggesting a low archaeological potential for medieval and later activity.

• Several Listed Buildings share intervisibility with the site, and have the potential to be adversely affected by the proposed development. However, appropriate screening and other mitigation measures proposed by the developer should help to offset some of these potential impacts.

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1.0 Introduction

1.1 Allen Archaeology Limited was commissioned by PWA Planning to prepare a desk-based assessment to evaluate the archaeological potential of land at Bushells Farm, Mill Lane, Goosnargh, Preston, in advance of the submission of a planning application for the construction of 155 dwellings and associated utilities and infrastructure.

1.2 The document has been completed with reference to current national guidelines, as set out in the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists ‘ Standard and guidance for historic environment desk-based assessment ’ (CIfA 2014), and the Historic England documents ‘Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment ’ (Historic England 2015a) and ‘Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning ’ (Historic England 2015b).

2.0 Site Location and Description

2.1 The proposed development site is located in Goosnargh, in the administrative district of Preston District Council. It is situated 7km north of Preston and 26km southeast of Lancaster. The site is approximately 8.3 hectares and presently in use as agricultural fields. The site is centred at National Grid Reference (NGR) SD 5608 3663 and is c. 66m above Ordnance Datum in the northern part of the site c. 71m above Ordnance Datum in the southern part of the site.

2.2 The bedrock geology comprises the Hodder Mudstone Formation, with overlying superficial deposits of glacial till recorded (http://mapapps.bgs.a c. uk/geologyofbritain/home.html).

3.0 Planning Background

3.1 This desk-based assessment has been prepared to inform a planning application that will be submitted in due course for a residential development of 155 dwellings. This is the first stage of archaeological investigation, intended to provide detailed information that will allow the planning authority to make an informed decision as to whether further archaeological investigations will be required prior to or following the determination of a planning application for the proposed development.

National Planning Policy

3.2 The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) was published on the 24th July 2018 (Department for Communities and Local Government 2018).

3.3 The relevant sections of the revised NPPF (Department for Communities and Local Government 2018) concerning archaeological and cultural heritage assets, are Paragraphs 187 and 189 of ‘Section 16. Conserving and enhancing the historic environment’. Paragraph 189 has special relevance concerning the responsibilities of planning applicant:

In determining applications, local planning authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected, including any contribution made by their setting. The level of detail should be proportionate to the assets’ importance and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of the proposal on their significance. As a minimum the relevant historic environment record should have been

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consulted and the heritage assets assessed using appropriate expertise where necessary. Where a site on which development is proposed includes, or has the potential to include, heritage assets with archaeological interest, local planning authorities should require developers to submit an appropriate desk-based assessment and, where necessary, a field evaluation.

Local Planning Policy 3.4 The Preston Local Plan 2012-2026 was adopted on the 2 nd July 2015 and covers the period of 2012 to 2026. The role of the Local Plan is to identify the scale of development and allocate sites to meet development needs of Preston in order to achieve the vision for growth as outlined in the Central Lancashire Core Strategy. In addition, the Local Plan will identify key local issues and provide a set of policies to manage change which will be used by decision makers to determine planning applications.

3.5 The relevant policies of the Preston Local Plan (Preston City Council 2015) concerning archaeological and cultural heritage assets is policy EN8:

Policy EN8 – Development and Heritage Assets

A) Proposals affecting a heritage asset or its setting will be permitted where they:

i) accord with national policy on the historic environment and the relevant Historic England guidance;

ii) take full account of the information and guidance in the Council’s Conservation Area Appraisals and Management Plans and other relevant policy guidance on the historic environment;

iii) make a positive contribution to the character and local distinctiveness through high quality new design that responds to its context;

iv) act as a catalyst for the regeneration of the area in accordance with the Council’s objectives for regeneration;

v) are accompanied by a satisfactory Heritage Statement that fully explains the impact of the proposal on the significance of the heritage asset

and;

vi) sustain, conserve and, where appropriate, enhance the significance, appearance, character and setting of the heritage asset itself and the surrounding historic environment and where they have consideration for the following:

(a) the scale, layout, and appearance to the heritage asset and its setting;

(b) the proposed use of the heritage asset being appropriate in relation to its significance

B) Proposals involving the total or substantial loss of a heritage asset or the loss of the elements that contribute to its significance will be refused. Proposals will only be granted in exceptional circumstances where they can be clearly and convincingly justified in accordance with national planning guidance on heritage assets. In addition to the requirements of national policy applicants will be required as part of the justification to provide evidence that:

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i) other potential owners or users of the site have been sought through appropriate marketing where the marketing includes the offer of the unrestricted freehold of the asset at a price that reflects the building’s condition and;

ii) reasonable endeavours have been made to seek grant funding for the heritage asset’s conversion

and;

iii) efforts have been made to find charitable or public authorities willing to take on the heritage asset.

C) Where the loss of the whole or part of a heritage asset is approved this will be subject to an appropriate condition or planning obligation to ensure that any loss will not occur until a contract is in place to carry out a replacement development that has been approved.

4.0 Methodology

Data Collection 4.1 A full range of primary and secondary archaeological and historical sources were consulted in the preparation of this document. The sources consulted were as follows:

• Lancashire County Archaeology Service Historic Environment Record (LCASHER) – a database of archaeological sites and artefacts, listed buildings and Scheduled Monuments. A search of this resource was undertaken for a study area extending 1km from the centre of the site.

• Preston Records Office – holds a range of historic maps, for example enclosure maps, Tithe maps, estate plans and former editions of Ordnance Survey maps of the development area.

• Allen Archaeology’s own reference library – secondary sources pertaining to the archaeology and history of the region.

• A site visit was carried out on Friday 20 th July 2018 in order to assess the present situation of the development area, to identify any areas where the potential archaeological resource may be particularly well preserved or damaged by recent development, and to observe the site in its landscape context.

4.2 Each archaeological and historic site and Listed Building identified in the study area has been allocated a one or two digit ‘Site’ number and assigned to a specific period according to the definitions outlined on the English Heritage Periods List (formerly the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England (RCHME) Archaeological Periods List). These sites are described in the Archaeological and Historical Background section (See Section 5.0 below). Further details are provided for each site in Appendix 1, and where applicable the sites are depicted on Figure 3.

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5.0 Archaeological and Historical Background

5.1 There is no archaeological evidence for prehistoric, Roman or early medieval activity within the search area. This absence is a trend seen across the region, with only limited activity recorded of these periods.

5.2 During the prehistoric period, environmental analysis in the northwest region does indicate some human presence, as suggested by woodland clearance (Hodgson and Brennand 2006). Surviving archaeological evidence for settlement is piecemeal at best however, but may be a result of limited systematice survey across the region

5.3 Roman period activity is also poorly represented beyond major military installations, although an increasing number of metal detector finds does indicate some Roman presence in the wider region (Philpott 2006).

5.4 Early medieval settlement is suggested by documentary and place-name evidence. Goosnargh is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 with one name variant; ‘Gusansarghe’, held by the Anglo-Saxon ‘Earl Tosti’ (Tostig Godwinson, King Harold’s brother and ruler of Northumberland) in 1066, with a total tax assessed at 2.8 geld units (Williams and Martin 2002). The settlement is recorded as having three churches, although one of these was located at Threlfall (Farrer and Brownbill 1912). St Mary’s at Goosnargh was likely in existence from at least 1281, when the grant of Kirkham was made to Vale Royal Abbey (Ibid).

5.5 The place name Goosnargh, Gusansarghe in the Domesday Book, is believed to have mixed origins, with the Old Irish personal name ‘ Gussān ’ forming the first element, and the second element relating to an Old Scandinavian word for a shieling or hill pasture, suggesting the area was likely given over to agriculture (Mills 2011). This mix of Irish and Scandinavian elements may suggest migration of settlers from Ireland of Viking descent, such as that which has been postulated at Formby and Great Altcar to the southwest.

5.6 After the conquest the land was held by King William in 1086, and by the end of the 12 th century the land had been given to the Knights Hospitallers by Robert, son of Bernard (Farrer and Brownbill 1912). References to tenants and estates indicate that the land was used for agricultural purposes with a manor based at Bulsnape in the north.

5.7 The medieval settlement at Goosnargh would likely have been centred on the church of St Mary, c. 320m northwest of the site (Site 1). A record of the church exists from the 13 th century (Farrer and Brownbill 1912) although the earliest part of the surviving Grade II* Listed building dates to the 15 th century. This is fairly typical of the northwest, where most surviving churches date from the 14 th century onwards (Newman 2006). The base of a Grade II Listed late medieval former preaching cross is located at St Mary’s Church and was probably originally located at Church Bank Meadow (Site 2), and a grave slab dating to the 15 th century is now at the eastern end of the north aisle of the parish church (Site 3). An 18 th century sundial is also located in the church grounds (Site 12).

5.8 Chingle Hall, a Scheduled medieval moated manorial site is located c. 900m southwest of the site at Chingle Hall Farm (Site 6). Activity at the site continued into the post-medieval period, with the 17 th century farmhouse Grade II Listed. Moated manorial sites predominantly (but not exclusively) date to 1150–1300 (Muir 1992), although the name ‘Chingle Hall’ is first used in 1354, suggesting a possible later medieval origin for the site, although these does not preclude an even earlier 12 th or 13 th century precursor.

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5.9 Artefacts recorded within the search area include a large, lead seal matrix dated to the 13 th century found by a metal detectorist c. 655m northwest of the site in 1999 (Site 4) and a possible corrective horseshoe was found c. 480m west of the site in 2009, which is believed to date from the medieval or post-medieval period (Site 5).

5.10 During the post-medieval period the village began to expand with the construction of a number of dwellings and associated buildings, including the Free Grammar School, which was built in 1673. The present Grade II Listed Goosnargh Church of England Primary School is a later rebuild dating to 1839, c. 300m north of the site (Site 7). Church House Farm was host to a number of agricultural buildings include a farmhouse and barn c. 290m northeast of the site (Site 8) dating back to the 16 th century, however the original buildings appear to have been demolished in the 19 th century and rebuilt in brick.

5.11 Whittingham Hall Manor House lies c. 550m south of the development site (Site 9). The original manor house dates to the early 17 th century but has since been much altered. Parkinson’s House, c. 830m west of the site (Site 10), lies on the site of a former farmhouse, possibly dating to the 17 th century. The 18 th century barn at Parkinson’s House has since been converted to residential use (Site 14).

5.12 Bushell’s Hospital is located c. 230m north of the site and dates to 1722. It was originally a house, converted to a hospital c. 1745, enlarged c. 1822 and again c. 1841, before being altered again in the late 19 th century (Site 11). The hospital was founded as a charity by trustees as per Dr. William Bushell’s will for the purpose of ‘maintaining, supporting or providing for decayed gentlemen or gentlewomen, or persons of the better rank…of the towns of townships of Preston, Euxton, Goosnargh, Whittingham, Fulwood and Elston, being Protestants…’. The strict entry requirements were slightly relaxed at some point towards the later 19 th century with a widening of the status of the ‘inmates’ to allow for a ‘lower class of people’ to be admitted. The original citations for the description of the hospital appear to be Hewitson’s ‘A History of Preston’, published in 1882 and reproduced in the Historic England list entry for the hospital (Historic England, 1073535), and the Victoria County History for Lancashire, reproduced in the HER entry for the hospital. A boundary wall surrounding the building also dates to the 18 th century (Site 15).

5.13 The Grapes Inn Public House is also located to the north of the proposed development site and is of 18 th century origin, owned by Edward Makinson as far back as 1750 (Rigby 2017) (Site 13).

5.14 A large number of ponds are marked throughout the landscape, giving it a pockmarked appearance. There are a number of potential reasons for the proliferation of these ponds relating to either industrial or mining activity (McNeil and Newman 2006). Several of these ponds are located within the site itself (Site 28), visible on both the historic mapping and the LiDAR imagery of the site (Figure 4).

5.15 The earliest historic mapping for the area is the 1844 Ordnance Survey (OS) map (Figure 5). The site is shown as undeveloped, and divided into several fields, with two ponds shown within the site and many more shown within the surrounding fields, likely to represent some small scale clay extraction. The village of Goosnargh is set out to the north and northwest of the proposed development site, with the main streets of Church Lane, Whittingham Lane and Goosnargh Lane all evident with a number of dwellings fronting on to these main streets. Goosnargh Oliverson’s Church of England school, Bushell’s Hospital, the church, and the Bushell’s Arms are all marked (Sites 7, 11, 12, and 17).

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5.16 Historically, Goosnargh was within the township of Whittingham and appears on the Whittingham (Township in the Parish of Kirkham) Tithe map of 1850 (Figure 6). The area immediately to the north of the site has been tithed under the Goosnargh with Newsham (Township in the Parish of Kirkham). The village of Goosnargh and the site itself appear unchanged from the earlier 1844 mapping. The area of the site is still marked by several elongated fields which have been given the following apportionments:

Number on Landowner Occupiers Name a description of State of Tithe map Lands and Premises cultivation

767 Trustees of Goosnargh John Graham Field Pasture Hospital 769 Trustees of Goosnargh John Graham Field Meadow Hospital 776 Trustees of Goosnargh John Graham Field Meadow Hospital 780 *** Martha, Trustees Thomas Stocks Meadow Meadow of: Blackburn 781 Trustees of Goosnargh John Graham Field Meadow Hospital 782 Trustees of Goosnargh John Graham Field Meadow Hospital

5.17 The maps shows two additional ponds on the site, on to the southwest and one to the northwest.

5.18 There is little change in either the site or the wider landscape by the time of the 1893 OS map (Figure 7). A number of houses have been constructed to the west of the site along Church Lane and the area to the northeast of the site was marked as orchards. Field boundaries within the site are lined with trees and a footpath is shown running in a north to south orientation through the eastern part of the site. The map shows no structures within the site.

5.19 The only change by 1912 was the removal of a small section of field boundary in the centre of the site to create a large elongated field (497) and the addition of a field boundary in the northern part of the site (499) (Figure 8). The orchards to the northeast of the site had been removed. In the wider area, further housing has been constructed along Whittingham Lane to the southwest of the site.

5.20 There is little change by 1932 (Figure 9). A small area of orchard is now marked to the northeast of the site near to Bushell’s Hospital Cottage. The field boundary separating plots 507 and 497 within the site has now been drawn as a dashed line, suggesting its temporary nature, especially as it has been removed along with another smaller field boundary by 1938 (Figure 10).

5.21 The 1938 map shows further development, with both sides of Church Lane being heavily developed (Figure 10). Some reorganisation of the field boundaries within the site had occurred but no building had taken place within the site.

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5.22 There are three recorded remains of an uncertain date. Aerial photographs show earthworks believed to relate to former ponds (Site 26), and two small circular ring-shaped features with a larger ovoid enclosure (Site 27).

5.23 LiDAR data suggests the presence of a large feature close to the centre of the proposed development site (Site 28) (Figure 4). The large number of ponds of a similar scale throughout the search area, also visible in LiDAR data, may suggest areas of resource extraction, possibly relating to a former quarry pit and/or pond infilled prior to the earliest available historic mapping. This was clearly visible during the site visit (Plate 4).

6.0 Site Visit

6.1 The site was visited by Tobin Rayner on Friday 20 th July 2018. Selected photographic images taken during the site visit are reproduced below and their locations indicated on Figure 2.

6.2 The site is currently agricultural land and has been subdivided into a number of fields separated by hedgerows (Plates 1, 2 and 3). There is a large depression in the centre of the site which is most likely to be as result of resource extraction (Plate 4). During the site visit, a number of finds were recorded from within the northern part of the site and included part of a clay pipe and some early modern pottery.

Plate 1: View of the northern part of the site looking southwest

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Plate 2: View of the eastern part of the site looking northeast

Plate 3: View of the site looking west towards Church Lane and Churchgate

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Plate 4: View of the depression in the centre of the site looking south towards Whittingham Lane

6.3 The site is bordered by Church Lane to the west and a number of warehouses abut the site to the northwest (Plates 5 and 6). To the south of the site is Whittingham Lane (Plate 7) and to the east of the site is an area of agricultural land.

Plate 5: View of housing along Church Lane from the site, looking west

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Plate 6: View of warehouses to the northwest of the site looking northwest

Plate 7: The southern boundary of the site and housing along Whittingham Lane looking west

6.4 To the north and west of the site lies the main village core of Goosnargh. A number of heritage assets lie immediately to the north of the site, centred around St Mary’s Church (Plate 8). Other heritage assets include the Grapes Inn (Plate 9), The Bushells Arms, which is now a private residence (Plate 10), Goosnargh (Oliverson’s) Church of England School (Plate 11) and Bushells Hospital (Plate 12).

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Plate 8: The Church of St Mary, looking north

Plate 9: The Grapes Inn (Site 13) looking northwest

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Plate 10: The former Bushells Arms (Site 17), looking south

Plate 11: Goosnargh Oliverson’s Church of England School (Site 7) looking northwest

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Plate 12: Bushell’s Hospital (Site 11) looking northwest

6.5 The church and Bushell’s Hospital can be clearly seen from the northern portions of the site (Plate 13).

Plate 13: Views of the church and Bushell’s Hospital from the site, looking north

7.0 Constraints

7.1 There are no World Heritage Sites, Registered Parks and Gardens, Registered Battlefields or Conservation Areas within the search area.

7.2 There is one Scheduled Monument within the search area, the moated manor (Site 6), with the 17 th century farm house building on the site Grade II Listing, however due to the distance of the

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Scheduled Monument from the site and the presence of intervening development which prevents any intervisibility, there is considered to be no impact.

7.3 There are thirteen Listed Buildings within the search area, one Grade II* and 12 Grade II Listed buildings:

Site Number Name Listing 1 Church of St Mary Grade II*, 1361634 2 Base of cross at the Church of St Mary Grade II, 1073534 6 Chingle Hall Farm and estate Scheduled Monument and Grade II, 1073521 7 Goosnargh Oliverson’s Church of England Grade II, 1164579 Primary School 8 Church House Farm Grade II, 1164632 9 Wittingham Hall Grade II, 1073519 11 Bushell’s Hospital Grade II*, 1073535 12 Sundail at the Church of St Mary Grade II, 1164573 13 The Grapes Inn public house Grade II, 1073536 15 Boundary wall to Bushell’s Hospital Grade II, 1164616 17 Bushells Arms public house Grade II, 1317445 19 Obelisk in the garden of Bushell’s Hospital Grade II, 1361635 22 Church of St John Grade II, 1165188

7.4 Of the thirteen Listed Buildings within the search area, all but three, Site 6, Site 9, and Site 22, share close proximity to the site, with at least some intervisibility. This cluster of buildings forms part of the historic settlement core, and therefore have some group value in addition to their individual value, which may be adversely affected by the construction of new buildings.

7.5 Current plans to mitigate damage to the setting of these assets include the use of focal blocks to screen the proposed development from the main vistas in the surrounding landscape, and the retention of the existing hedgerows, which will help to maintain some element of continuity on and around the site. A landscape buffer surrounding the site boundary will also help to provide some element of shielding of the proposed development. These mitigation strategies have been included in the draft proposed site layout (Figure 11).

8.0 Discussion and Conclusions

8.1 There is no evidence for prehistoric and Roman activity recorded within the search area. Although this is in part due to the lower level of archaeological investigations, both antiquarian and modern, on current evidence there is considered to be a negligible potential for prehistoric or Roman archaeology to be encountered within the site.

8.2 Likewise there is no archaeological evidence for early medieval activity within the search area, although early medieval settlement has been suggested through documentary and place-name evidence, suggesting some form of activity in Goosnargh prior to the Norman Conquest. It is

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likely the core of settlement lay somewhere around the existing historic core of the village, but the absence of physical evidence suggests a negligible potential for the site.

8.3 Limited activity dating to the medieval period has been recorded, focussed around the moated manor house and church to the north of the site. Later mapping suggests the site was agricultural land on the periphery of the settlement and this seems likely to have been the case in the medieval period, suggesting a low potential for medieval activity.

8.4 The village appeared to develop and expand during the post-medieval period, but the site appears to have persisted as agricultural land until the present day, except for four small ponds and a central depression in the site which indicate small scale localised resource extraction. This suggests a low archaeological potential for the post-medieval and later periods.

9.0 Acknowledgements

9.1 Allen Archaeology Limited would like to thank PWA Planning for this commission.

10.0 References

CIfA, 2014, Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment, Reading: Chartered Institute for Archaeologists

Department for Communities and Local Government, 2018, National Planning Policy Framework . London: Department for Communities and Local Government

Farrar, W & J Brownbill, 1912, A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 7, Victoria County History, London

Historic England, 2015a, Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning , London: Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England

Historic England, 2015b, Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment: The MoRPHE Project Managers’ Guide, London: Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England

Historic England, n.d., list entry for Bushells Hospital, list entry number 1073535, accessed online 02/08/2018: https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1073535

Hodgson, J., and Brennand, M., 2006, Prehistoric Period Resource Assessment, 23–58, in The Archaeology of North West England: An Archaeological Research Framework for the North West Region: Volume 1: Resource Assessment , Brennand, M., (eds), Archaeology Northwest Vol 8, Leicestershire: British Archaeology North West

McNeil, R, and Newman R, 2006, The Post-Medieval Period Resource Assessment, 145-165, in The Archaeology of North West England, An Archaeological Research Framework for the North West Region, Volume 1 – Resource Assessment , Brennand, M., (eds.). Archaeology Northwest Vol 8, Leicestershire: British Archaeology North West

Mills, A.D., 2011, A Dictionary of British Place Names , revised 1 st edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press

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Muir, R., 1992, The New Reading the Landscape: Fieldwork in Landscape History, Exeter, University of Exeter Press

Newman, C. , 2006, The Medieval Period Resource Assessment, 115–144, in The Archaeology of North West England: An Archaeological Research Framework for the North West Region: Volume 1: Resource Assessment , Brennand, M., (eds), Archaeology Northwest Vol 8: British Archaeology North West

Rigby, J, 2017, A journey in time through Goosnargh, Whittingham and Inglewhite , lulu.com

Philpott, R., 2006, The Romano-British Period Resource Assessment, 59–90, in The Archaeology of North West England: An Archaeological Research Framework for the North West Region: Volume 1: Resource Assessment , Brennand, M., (eds), Archaeology Northwest Vol 8, Leicestershire: British Archaeology North West

Preston City Council, 2015, Preston Local Plan 2012–2026: Publication Version: Site Allocations and Development Management Policies: Development Plan Document (DPD), Preston: Preston City Council

Williams, A., and Martin, G.H., 2002, Domesday Book: A Complete Translation, London: Penguin Books Ltd

Cartographic Sources

1st Edition Ordnance Survey map (1844) (Lancashire Record Office Sheet 53)

Whittingham Parish (township in the parish of Kirkham) Tithe Map (1849) (Lancashire Record Office, PR 648)

Goosnargh with Newsham Parish Tithe Map (1849) (Lancashire Record Office)

1893 Ordnance Survey map (Lancashire Record Office, Sheets Lancashire LIII.10 and LIII.11)

1912 Ordnance Survey map (Lancashire Record Office, Sheets Lancashire LIII.11)

1932 Ordnance Survey map (Lancashire Record Office, Sheets Lancashire LIII.11)

1938 Ordnance Survey map (Lancashire Record Office, Sheets Lancashire LIII.11)

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Appendix 1: List of LCASHER Entries within a 1km search area

Site HER No. Grade and Easting Northing Summary Date No. Listing No. 1 MLA1676 Grade II*, 355950 436920 Church of St Mary, extant 1281; Medieval 1361634 the present church is late medieval, altered or enlarged in late 16 th century, restored 1868– 9 and 1895. 2 MLA1677 Grade II, 355968 436918 Base of former preaching cross, Medieval 1073534 probably late Medieval; possibly originally located at Church Bank Meadow. 3 MLA3612 355950 436920 Medieval grave slab in side Medieval chapel, 15th century. 4 MLA28138 355650 437110 Large 13 th century lead vesica Medieval shaped seal matrix find 5 MLA30735 355607 436723 Possible corrective horseshoe Medieval often called a bar shoe, or a shoe for an ox, found in 2009. 6 MLA1679; Scheduled 355690 435805 Chingle Hall Farm and Estate. Medieval MLA37101 Monument Farmhouse, now house; 1011878; probably earlier 17th century , Grade II, extended in 19th century , 1073521 altered in 20th century ; on site of pre-1354 hall and moat, altered. 7 MLA1685 Grade II, 355900 436880 Goosnargh Church of England Post-medieval 1164579 Primary School. Formerly the Free Grammar School of 1673, rebuilt 1839. 8 MLA1678 Grade II, 356168 436924 Church House Farm, Kirkhouse. Post-medieval 1164632 Modern dwelling on the site of Kirkhouse; building of uncertain former purpose, now shippon and store, but perhaps a wing of the former farmhouse (dated 1589) which was taken down in the mid-19 th century (Fishwick). Said to have been used as a Roman Catholic chapel. 9 MLA6099 Grade II, 356230 436090 Whittingham Hall Manor house, Post-medieval 1073519 subsequently farmhouse, now house. Probably earlier 17th century , much altered. Perhaps on an earlier site. 10 MLA36453 355339 436264 Parkinson's House. Former Post-medieval farmhouse, possibly dating to the 17th century.

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Site HER No. Grade and Easting Northing Summary Date No. Listing No. 11 MLA2872 Grade II*, 356002 436864 Bushell's Hospital. Large house, Post-medieval 1073535 dated 1722 on downspouts, converted to use as hospital c. 1745, enlarged c. 1822 and 1841, altered in the late 19th century. 12 MLA16979 Grade II, 355945 436905 Church of St Mary. 18 th century Post-medieval 1164573 sundial, 1746. 13 MLA16980 Grade II, 355917 436850 The Grapes Inn Public house, Post-medieval 1073536 probably late 18 th century and early 19th century, altered. 14 MLA36452 355299 436248 Parkinson's House Farm. 18 th Post-medieval century combination barn, converted to residential use in 2005. 15 MLA13891 Grade II, 355963 436855 Boundary wall on west and Post-medieval 1164616 south sides of Bushell's Hospital, Goosnargh. Boundary wall with gate piers, 18th century , probably extended in the 19th century. 16 MLA36454 355448 436776 The Barn at Rose Cottage. Post-medieval Combination barn, built c. 1800 and in 2008 was converted to part of the adjoining house. 17 MLA17036 Grade II, 355929 436812 Early 19 th century public house. Post-medieval 1317445 18 MLA6011 355813 436384 Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, Post-medieval built in 1832. 19 MLA13892 Grade II, 355970 436872 Obelisk in garden of Bushell's Post-medieval 1361635 Hospital, dated 1841 by inscription. 20 MLA6013 355593 436797 St Mary's Parsonage shown on Post-medieval OS 1847 mapping. Still extant. 21 MLA6012 355815 436408 Tithe barn shown on OS first Post-medieval edition map, 1847. Since lost. 22 MLA17037 Grade II, 356630 436140 Church of St John, 1873, by Post-medieval 1165188 Henry Littler of Manchester (Pevsner), for Whittingham Mental Hospital. 23 MLA36574 356440 435760 Whittingam Asylum Railway. Post-medieval This was a private railway, opened in 1888 to serve the asylum from the Preston and Longridge Railway, and closed in 1957.

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Site HER No. Grade and Easting Northing Summary Date No. Listing No. 24 MLA34384 356521 436142 Guild Park, former Whittington Post-medieval Hospital. Hospital grounds; laid out informal landscape in 'picturesque' fashion with cricket ground and fish pond. Recommended for inclusion in English Heritage's Register of Parks and Gardens in 1998. 25 MLA18832 355580 435940 Earthwork remains of a quarry or Post-medieval clay pit. 26 MLA1587; 356100 437400 Aerial photography site showing Uncertain MLA3028 earthworks of former ponds at Broadfield 27 MLA3103 355750 436020 The RAF aerial photograph Uncertain shows two small circular ring- shaped features and a larger roughly oval enclosure with some faint internal detail northeast of Chingle House, Whittingham 28 N/A 356086 436609 Possible quarry, pit, or landscape Uncertain feature visible in LiDAR.

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Site Code GOML 18 Scale 1:10,000,000 Figure 1: Site locaon outlined in red 1:1,000,000 1:25,000 @ A4 © Crown copyright 2000. All rights reserved. Licence Number 100047330 Drawn by I Curwen Date 02/08/2018

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