20 I.6. INTERNATIONAL COVENANT on CIVIL and POLITICAL RIGHTS (Excerpts) Adopted and Opened for Signature, Ratification and Acces
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20 I.6. INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS (Excerpts) Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16 December 1966 999 U.N.T.S. 171 AFGHANISTAN 24 Jan 1983, ALBANIA 4 Oct 1991, ALGERIA 12 Sep 1989, ANGOLA 10 Jan 1992, ARGENTINA 8 Aug 1986 (*15), ARMENIA 23 Jun 1993, AUSTRALIA 13 Aug 1980 (*10(2,3), 14,20), AUSTRIA 10 Sep 1978 (*9, 10(3), 12(4), 14, 19, 21, 22, 26), AZERBAIJAN 13 Aug 1992, BANGLADESH 6 Sep 2000 (*10(3), 11, 14(3d), BAR- BADOS 5 Jan 1973 (*14(3d)), BELARUS 12 Nov 1973, BELGIUM 21 Apr 1983 (*10(2a,3), 14, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23(2)), BELIZE 10 Jun 1996 (*12(2), l4(3d), 14(6)), BENIN 12 Mar 1992, BOLIVIA 12 Aug 1982, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 1 Sep 1993, BRAZIL 24 Jan 1992, BOTSWANA 8 Sep 2000 (*7, 12(3)), BULGARIA 21 Sep 1970, BURKINA FASO 4 Jan 1999, BURUNDI 9 May 1990, CAMBODIA 26 May 1992, CAMEROON 27 Jun 1984, CANADA 19 May 1976, CAPE VERDE 6 Aug 1993, CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC 8 May 1981, CHAD 9 June 1995, CHILE 10 Feb 1972, COLOMBIA 29 Oct 1969, CONGO 5 Oct 1983 (*11), CONGO (DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF) 1 Nov 1976, COSTA RICA 29 Nov 1968, COTE D’IVOIRE 26 Mar 1992, CROATIA 8 Oct 1991, CYPRUS 2 Apr 1969, CZECH REPUBLIC 22 Feb 1993, DENMARK 6 Jan 1972 (*10(3), 14(1,5,7), 20(1)), DJIBOUTI 5 Nov 2002, DOMINICA 17 Jun 1993, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 4 Jan 1978, ECUADOR 6 Mar 1969, EGYPT 14 Jan 1982, EL SALVADOR 30 Nov 1979, EQUA- TORIAL GUINEA 25 Sep 1987, ERITREA 22 Jan 2002, ESTONIA 21 Oct 1991, ETHIOPIA 11 Jun 1993, FINLAND 19 Aug 1975 (*10(2b,3), 14(7), 20(1)), FRANCE 4 Nov 1980 (*4(1), 9, 13, 14, 19, 20(1), 21, 22, 27, general), GABON 21 Jan 1983, GAMBIA 22 Mar 1979 (*14(3d)), GEORGIA 3 May 1994, GERMANY 17 Dec 1973 (*2(1), 14(3d,5), 15(1), 19, 21, 22), GHANA 7 Sep 2000, GREECE 5 May 1997, GRENADA 6 Sep 1991, GUATEMALA 5 May 1992, GUINEA 24 Jan 1978 (*48(1)), GUYANA 15 Feb 1977 (*14(3d,6)), HAITI 6 Feb 1991, HONDURAS 25 Aug 1997, HUNGARY 17 Jan 1974, ICELAND 22 Aug 1979 (*10(2b,3), 13, 14(7), 20(1)), INDIA 10 Apr 1979, IRAN 24 Jun 1975, IRAQ 25 Jan 1971, IRELAND 8 Dec 1989 (*10(2), 14, 19(2), 20(1)), ISRAEL 3 Oct 1991 (*23), ITALY 15 Sep 1978 (*9(5), 12(4), 14(3,5), 15(1), 19(3)), JAMAICA 3 Oct 1975, JAPAN 21 Jun 1979, JORDAN 28 May 1975, KENYA 1 May 1972, KOREA (NORTH) 14 Sep 1981, KOREA (SOUTH) 10 Apr 1990 (*14(5), 22), KUWAIT 21 May 1996 (*2(1), 3, 23, 25(b)), KYR- GYZSTAN 7 Oct 1994, LATVIA 14 Apr 1992, LEICHTENSTEIN 10 Dec 1998 (*3, 14(1), 17(1), 24(3), 26), LEBANON 3 Nov 1972, LESOTHO 9 Sep 1992, LIBERIA 22 Sep 2004, LIBYA 15 May 1970, LITHUANIA 20 Nov 1991, LUXEMBOURG 18 Aug 1983 (*10(3), 14(5), 19(2), 20(1)), MACEDONIA (FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF) 18 Jan 1994, MADAGASCAR 21 Jun 1971, MALAWI 22 Dec 1993, MALI 16 Jul 1974, MALTA 13 Sep 1990 (*13, 14(2,6), 19, 20, 22), MAURITIANA 17 Nov 2004, MAURITIUS 12 Dec 1973, MEXICO 23 Mar 1981 (*9(5), 13, 18, 25(b)), MOLDOVA 26 Jan 1993, MONACO 28 Aug 1997 (*2(1, 2), 3, 14(5), 19, 21, 22, 25, 26), MONGOLIA 18 Nov 1974, MOROCCO 3 May 1979, MOZAMBIQUE 21 Jul 1993, NAMIBIA 28 Nov 1994, NEPAL 14 May 1991, NETHER- LANDS 11 Dec 1978 (*10, 12(1,2,4), 14(3d,5,7), 19(2), 20(1), *territorial), NEW ZEALAND 28 Dec 1978 (10(2b,3), 14(6), 20, 22), NICARAGUA 12 Mar 1980, NIGER 7 Mar 1986, NIGERIA 29 Jul 1993, NORWAY 13 Sep 1972 (*10(2b,3) 14(5,7), 20(1)), PANAMA 8 Mar 1977, PARAGUAY 10 Jun 1992, PERU 28 Apr 1978, PHILIPPINES 23 Oct 1986, POLAND 18 Mar 1977, PORTUGAL 15 Jun 1978, ROMANIA 9 Dec 1974 (*1(3), 48(1)), RUSSIA 16 Oct 1973 (*26(1), 48(1)), RWANDA 16 Apr 1975, ST VINCENT & THE GRENADINES 21 9 Nov 1981, SAN MARINO 18 Oct 1985, SENEGAL 13 Feb 1978, SERBIA & MONTE- NEGRO 12 Mar 2001, SEYCHELLES 5 May 1992, SIERRA LEONE 23 Aug 1996, SLOVAKIA28 May 1993, SLOVENIA 6 Jul 1992, SOMALIA 24 Jan 1990, SOUTH AFRICA 10 Dec 1998, SPAIN 27 Apr 1977, SRI LANKA 11 Jun 1980, SUDAN 18 Mar 1986, SURI- NAME 28 Dec 1976, SWAZILAND 26 Mar 2004, SWEDEN 6 Dec 1971 (*10(3), 14(7), 20(1)), SWITZERLAND 18 Jun 1992 (*10(2b), 12(1), 14(1,5), 20, 25(b), 26), SYRIA 21 Apr 1969, TAJIKISTAN 4 Jan 1999, TANZANIA 11 Jun 1976, THAILAND 29 Oct 1996 (*1(1), 6(5), 9(3), 20), TIMOR-LESTE 18 Sep 2003, TOGO 24 May 1984, TRINIDAD & TOBAGO 21 Dec 1978 (*4(2), 10(2b,3), 12(2), 14(5,6), 15(1), 21, 26), TUNISIA 18 Mar 1969, TURKEY 23 Sep 2003 (*1, 2, 27, general), TURKMENISTAN 1 May 1997, UGANDA 21 Jun 1995, UKRAINE 12 Nov 1973 (*26(1), 48(1)), UNITED KINGDOM 20 May 1976 (*1, 10(2a,2b,3), 11, 12(1,4), 13, 14(3d), 20, 23(3,4), 24(3), 25(b,c), general) UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 8 Jun 1992 (*5(2), 7, 10(2b, 3), 14(3b, 3d, 4,6), 15(1), 19(3), 20, 27(1), 47, general regarding capital punishment), URUGUAY 1 Apr 1970, UZBEKISTAN 28 Sep 1995, VENEZUELA 10 May 1978 (*14(3d)), VIETNAM 24 Sep 1982, YEMEN 9 Feb 1987, ZAMBIA 10 Apr 1984, ZIMBABWE 13 May 1991 [. .] Article 2 1. Each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes to respect and to ensure to all individuals within its territory and subject to its jurisdiction the rights recog- nized in the present Covenant, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, prop- erty, birth or other status. 2. Where not already provided for by existing legislative or other measures, each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes to take the necessary steps, in accor- dance with its constitutional processes and with the provisions of the present Covenant, to adopt such legislative or other measures as may be necessary to give effect to the rights recognized in the present Covenant. 3. Each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes: (a) To ensure that any person whose rights or freedoms as herein recognized are violated shall have an effective remedy, notwithstanding that the violation has been committed by persons acting in an official capacity; (b) To ensure that any person claiming such a remedy shall have his right thereto determined by competent judicial, administrative or legislative authorities, or by any other competent authority provided for by the legal system of the State, and to develop the possibilities of judicial remedy; (c) To ensure that the competent authorities shall enforce such remedies when granted. [. .].