for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage

editors: M.A. Rogerio-Candelera M. Lazzari E.Cano PROCEEOINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON SCIENCE ANO TECHNOLOGY FOR THE CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE, , , 2-5 OCTOBER 2012

Science and Technology for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage

Edüors M.A. Rogerio-Candelera Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain

M. Lazzari Centre for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS) Universily of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

E. Cano Centro Nacional de Investigaciones lvJetalúrgicas (CENIM), eSIc, Madrid, Spain

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Table of contents

Science and technology for the conservation of cultural heritage: A European view Xl M. Lazzari, E. Cano & M.A. Rogerio-Cande/era

Environmental assessment and monitoring of cultural heritage P Brimblecombe Environmental risks assessment and preventive conservalion strategy for the Pórtico de la Gloria, Santiago de Compostela Cathedral 5 F Becherini, A. Bernardi, A. Vivare//i, L. Pocke/é, S. de Graneli, A. Gandini, o. GarC'Ía, M. Zubiaga, J C. Espada Suárez & B. Sperandio Basic descriptive statistical methods for monitoring and evaluation of microclimates in Cultural Heritage 11 P Mere//o, M. C. Pérez, J Pérez-Miral/es, FJ Garda-Diego, A. Fernández-Navajas & M. Zarzo Evaluation of environmental conditions of the Museo del Ejército (Toledo, Spain) by means of Sol-Gel optical sensors 15 A. Llorenle-A/onso, J Peña-Poza, JF Domínguez, e Gil, M. Garda-Heras & M.A. Vil/egas Microclimatic assessment and modelling for salt cryslallization control in the Crypt of the Duomo of Lecce (South Italy) 21 D. D'Agoslino, P Congedo & R. Cala/do Microclimatic studies in Paranhos water galleries, Porto (Portugal) 25 E. Sanz-Rubio, A. SCUl chez-Ma/o, A. Fernandez-Corles, E. Garda-Anlón, S. Sanchez-Mora/, S. Cuezva, A.Z. Mil/el', A. Dionisio, M.J Ajonso, H.I Chaminé, B. Hel'mosin & C. Saiz-Jimenez Bio-susceptibilily of lhermal insulation systems used for hislorical buildings 29 J D. Ellenauer, G Piñm; K. Slerflinger & P. Kaulsch Biological crusts conlribute to the protection of Ncolithic Heritage in the Mediterranean region 33 E. Llop, 1. A/varo, A. Gómez-Bo/ea, M. He1'llández Mariné & S. Sammul The influence of substrate texture on early biological colonization 37 C. Adamson, P Warke & S. McCabe A methodological approach lO evaluate shelter effectiveness for the conscrvation of archaeological sites 41 C. Cabe l/o Briones Risks of atmospheric aerosol for cultural heritage assets in (Spain) 45 C. Cardel/, M. Urosevic, E. Sebas I ián-Pardo, B. Horemans, V Konlozova-Deulsch, S. POIgieler- Vermaak. L. Bencs, K. W Anaj; K. de Wae/ & R. Van-Grieken Microclimatic and Ground-Penetrating Radar surveys for damage diagnosis. The case of the Crypt of the Duomo of Lecce (Italy) 51 R. Cala/do, D. D'Agoslino & G Leucci

v Enlry and dispersion of microorganisms inside AlLamira Cave: Newevidences from aerobiological and atmospheric gases surveys 55 E. García-Anión, A. Fernandez-Cor/es, lv!. Alvarez-Gal/ego, S. Sanchez-Moral, S. Cuezva, E. San::.-Rubio, V. Jurado, E. Paica & C. Saiz-Jimene: Canonical Biplol as tool to detect microclimates in the inner and outer parts of Cathedrals 59 J Garda-Talegón, A. C. !fUgo & S. ViC1'nfe-Tavera Polar compounds in diesel soot and historie monument surfaces 63 B. Hennosin & C. Saiz-Jimenez The Cathedral altarpiece: A microbiological and chcmical survey of the dust 67 P M. Martin-Sanchez, B. Hermosin, C. S«iz-Jirnenez, A.Z. Miller & M. F. C. Pereira Decay assessmcnt through wireless sensor networks implementation for architectural heritage eonservution 71 M.l Mar/ínez-Garrido, S. Aparicio, R. Far/, M.A. G. Izquierdo & JJ Anaya Viviarlite: A historie blue pigmcnt and its degradation under scrutiny 75 Z. éermáková, s. Svarcovú, D. Hradil. P Bauerová, J Hradilová & P Bezdiéka Stabilization works at Olvés Chun;h (Zaragoza-Spain) 79 P R. Mol1/cverde, R. Bustamanle & J Monjo Detrimcntal roek black fungi and biocides: A sludy on lhe Monumenlal Cemetery 01' Cagliari 83 D. [sola, L. Selbmann. P Meloni, E. Maracci, S. Onofri & L. Zuccani Microbiological and molecular investigation in lhe Capuchin Catacombs 01' Palermo, Ilaly: Microbial deterioration risk and contamination of the indoor air 87 G. P¡'la/~ JD. E/lenaue/; K. Sterj7ingei~ D. Piombino-Mascali, F Maixner, A. Zink, L. Krakova & D. Pangal/o Physical and aesthetieal dccay of built heritage from biologieal films developed on joint mortars 93 E. M. Perez-Monserral, R. FOr!, M.1 Varas-lviI/riel. M. Alvarez de Buergo, A. de los Ríos & c. Ascaso Indoor pollution and metal corrosion by organic acids: Case study of the Oteiza Museum (Spain) 99 D. Lafllente. E. Callo & E. Martín The degradation of cellulose acctate: Advanecd analytical tools for non-destruetive stlldy of design objeets 103 F Toja. L. Toniolo, A. Nel'in, D. Comelli & M. Lazzari Characterization of deeay produets and building materials on the aneient waIl of Vitoria-Gasteiz using micro analytical instrumental techniques 109 K. Castro, I. Rodilla, J M. Madariaga & A. A::kara/e Alterations of materials at the fac;ades of the ehurch of San Pedro de Mezonzo (A Coruña, t-rw Spain) JI3 C. Alves & J. Sanjwjo-Sánchez Deeay of building materials in the Circular Mausoleum, Necropolis of Carmona, Spain 117 D. Bcnavente. S. Cue:::va, J C. Cal'iaveras, J Elez, V Jurado, A. Z. Afille/; M.A. Rogerio-Condelera. C. Saiz-Jimene:::, M. Hernández lvIariné, A. Ferncmdez-Cortes & S. Sanchez-Moral The crosion of granite surfaees: Thc Cathedrul of Évora as example 12J D. Cos/a

vi Study of the long term stability of an industrial polyamide from a contemporary arlwork 127 J A. Fajian Labora, M. Lazzari & T López Morán Study of the corrosion products of the lead blocks from lhe hi slorical organ Jean Pierre Cavaillé of Vin¡;a, France 131 A. Juslo-Estebaran::, L.K Herrera, B. Sigüellza, M. C. Jiml!nez de Haro, A. JuSIO & o. Laguna Causes of decay of Eduardo Chillida's Monumenllo Tolerancc in Seville (Spain) 135 C. Núñez Guerrero, V Flores-Alés, FJ AleÍlmdre & JJ. Marlín-del-Río Analysis of heat effects due to fires on calcareous stones 139 R. Orliz, P Orl;Z, J M. Martín, C. EsclIdero & M. A. Vázquez Degradalion of plastic artifacts: Case study of a "drafting machinc" made of di/Terent ccllulosic plastics 143 J M. de la Roja, M. San Andrl!s-J'vloya, S. G Fernánde:- Villa, S. Santos, L. Magallanes & E. Cano Evaluation of mural paintings biodeterioration by oxalate fonnation 147 T Rosado, A. Candeias, A. T Caldeira, J Mirao & M. Gil Study of the inlluencc of black dyes in the physico-mechanical behaviour of silk fabrics 151 E. M. Monlesinos Ferrandis, S. Vicente Palomino, L. Fuster Lúpe: & D.J Yusá Marco VARIM 2.0: Non invasive NIR hyperspectral imaging for analysis of cultural beings 155 C. Vega, J Torres, JM. Menl!nde:, T Anlelo, M. del Egido & M . Bueso Non-invasive recording technoJogies for the study and conservation of prehistoric rock art: The Dolmen of Dombate 159 IV Corlón No)'a, F Carrera Ram!re::, P Mañana-Borrazús & Y Seoane- Veiga Modcrn methods of documentation for conservation---digitaJ mapping and automated 3D object documentation in software mctigo' 163 G Siedler & S. Veller Innovative tesling solutions for safeguarding architeclural heritage 169 M. Drdúcky Assessment of laser treatment on dolostones colonized by microorganisms and lichens 173 M. Alvare: de Buergo, !vI. Gomez-Heras, R. Forl , C. Ascaso, A. de los Ríos, S. Pére: Orlega, M. Speran:a, J Wierzclws, Al. San:, M. Oujja & M . Castillejo Effect of wavelength and pulse duration on laser c1eaning of paints 179 lvI. Oujja, M. San:, M. Castillejo, P Pouli, C. Fotakis. A. García, C. Romero, JR Vú:quez de Aldana, P Moreno & C. Domingo Pigments and painling preparations of Gonzalo Bilbao analysed by non-dcstructive XRF tcchnique 185 A. Kriznar, M. A. Respaldi:a, M. V Muñoz & M. Vega A novel approach for micro FTIR rellcction absorption analysis of artworks' surface 189 P Ropret, L. Legan, F Rosi & c. Miliani Methodology for the study of the walls of the Patio de Santo Tomás, University of Alcalá 193 G Barluenga, R. Undurraga, L. Ramón-Laca & F Estirado The altarpiecc of the church of Freixo de Espada-a-Cinta: A study on its artistic materiality 197 B. Campos 1\1aia, A. Calvo, A. Candeias, J C. Frade, J Mircio & L. Dias Optically Stimulated Luminescencc dating of Roman mortars in Draga (Portugal) 201 J Sanjurjo-Sánchez, C. Alves & G Teruel

VII Analytical studies of 19th century photographs by non-destructive teehniques 205 M. Peres, F. M. Costa, A. Comes, M, E. Jardim, T Ferreira, L. Dias, J Mirao & M.L. Carvalha Rheological analysis of some historieal and commercial binders labelled as thixotropie in oil painting refcrenecs 209 M.P Aglli/ar, M.1 Hernánde: Lucas & M. Dol: Planas Brieks and mortars from the "Patio de Santo Tomás", Alcalá University (Madrid, Spain): A eombined sludy of fabrie eharaeterization and building morphology 213 G. Bar/uenga, R. Undurraga, F. Estirado, JF. Cande, F Ag/la, MA. Villegas & Al. Carcía-Heras Study of alleralions on Roman masonry in the Tower of Hereules 217 R. Benavides Carda The applieation of noo invasive gcophysical techniques for the diagnosis and conservation of slone cultural heritage: The case of a Portuguese fifteenth eentury tomb 221 A. Dionisio, E. Martinho, F. Abneida, C. Crangeia, A-J. Mendes, R. Moura & J Caldas Conscrvatioo of historie book bindings by mean s of facsimile reproduction: The Torres Notarial Register (1382- 1400) in the Archive of the Royal Chancellery of Granada, Spain 227 T Espeja Arias, M.R. Blanc, A. López-Montes, FJ Collado-Montero, ME. Cas/i//o- Valdivia & D. Campillo-Carda Hybrid sol-gel based proteetive eoatings for historieal window glasses 231 L. de Ferri, P P L(Jttici. A. Loren:i, A. Montenero & G. Vez:alini Mineralogieal and textural considerations in the assessment of aesthetic ehanges in dolostoocs by efTect of treatments with Ca(OH)2 nanopartides 235 L.s. Comez- Vil/alba, P López-Arce, M. Alvare: de Buergo, A. Zornoza-Indart & R. Fort The Arabic Manllscrip/s Colleetion of the School of Arabie Studies-CSIC, Granada: Characterisation of decorative eovers using new resourees for their doeumentation 239 S. Con:ále:-Carcía, T Espejo Arias & D. Campillo-Carcía Low-cost airborne ultrasounds sean for Cultural Heritage 243 P Merello, M C. Pére:, J Pére:-Mira//es, FJ Carcía-Diego, J M. Bravo, A. Fernández-Navajlls & H. Es/rada Molecular approaeh for the eharacterization of ancient/degraded Cyperus sp. speeimens 247 F Palla, N. Billeci, R. E. Spa//ino & F M Raimando Roman glasses from : Study of degradation pathologies using LIBS 251 T Palomm; M Oujja, M Castillejo, R Sabio, JM Rincón, M Carcía-Heras & M.A. Vi//egas

Evaluation of thc rcinforcing action of consolidating trcatments applied 00 cement mortars using the micro-sandblasting technique 257 S. Rescic, F. Fratini & P Tiano Cachao da Rapa prehistoric rock art paintings revisited: Digital image analysis approach for the assessmen t of San tos Júnior's traeings 261 M.A. Rogeria-Candelera, s.s. Figueiredo & A.F Borges Benefits of applying speetromctrie techniqucs and chemometric methods to idcntify interaetion belween historie painting material s 265 J Romero-PastOl; N. Navas, E. l\1anzano, L. Rodríguez-Simón, A. Rodrígue:-Navarro & c. Carde/l Study of degree of alteration of enamels using Miero-ATR-FTIR and SEM-EDS 269 J Romero-Pastor, M. Ortega-Huerlas, M. del Egida, J V Navarro & M.A . Carda

viii Non-chemical methods to control pests in museums: An overview 273 P. Quemer & A-K Kjeru/ff

Novel proteases from marine organisms with potential interest in restoration procedure 279 F Palla, M. Cammara/a, M. Trapani, G Ghersi, M. Sa/amone & M. Sebastianelli Nanostructured material s for stone consolidation in the Temple Valley of Agrigento: In si/u evaluation of their efTectiveness 283 V. Pia::za, F Fernandez, P. Livreri, M. Brai, D. Fontana & A. Gueli

Thermodyoamic modeling of sulfate-resistant cements with addition of barium compounds 287 P. M. Carmona-Quiroga, M. T B/anco- Vare/a, S. Mar/íne::-Ramírez & B. Lo/henbach

Semi-interpeoetrating p(HEMA)/PVP hydrogels for the cleaning of water-sensitive painted artifacts: Assessment 00 release anel reteotion properties 291 R. Giorgi, JA .L. Domingues, N Bonelli & P. Baglioni

Application of ncw organic-inorgaoic materials as consolidants for deteriorated plasters 295 A. Formia, M . Zerbinalli, J M. Tulliani, C. Serra & M. Sangermano Consolidation treatments for conservation of concrete sculptures 301 A. M. Barberena-Femández, M. San Andrés-Moya, P. M. Carmona-Quiroga & M. T B/allco- Vare/a

Thaumasite formation in hydraulic mortars: Thermodynamic studies 305 S. Mar/ínez-Rcul1írez, J Rapazo/e & M. T B/anco- Vare/a

Permanent anti-gramti for artificial constructioo materials: Lime mortar and brick 311 P.M. Car/1/ona-Quiroga, .M. T B/anco-Vare/a & S. Martínez-Ramírez Nanostructured products for the conservation of the wooden supports: Evaluation of their effectiveness and d urability 315 M.R Caro/enuto, F Fernandez, P Livreri, M. Marra/e, D. Fontana, M. Brai & A. Gueli

Design of new gypsum-lime based mortars applied 00 the restoration of Mudejar heritage from Aragon (Spain) 319 J Igea, P. Lapuen/e, M. T B/anco- Vare/a & S. Martínez-Ramírez

Old materials, new solutions 325 A. Maearrón, A. Calvo & R. Gil

Application of the double [ayer system as preventive method in the moulding process of sculptures and ornaments 329 X Mas-Barbera, S. Kroner. M. Martínez-Bazán, J Oro::co-Mesana & J V. Graflá-Sa/es

Efl'ectiveness of a new nanostructured consolidant 00 the biocalcareniLe from Agrigento Temples Valley 333 C. Mirabelli, F Fernandez, P Livreri, F E/haddad & M.J Mosquera Technical studies for the restoration of the Immaculate Conception monument, Seville 337 R. Villegas Sánchez, C. Núñez Guerrero, FJ A/ejandre Sánchez & FJ Blasco Lópe:

Materials made from polyolefins used in tasks of preventive conservation: A comparative sLudy of their long-term behavior 341 M. San Andrés-Moya, R. Chérco/es, S. SanlO,~ J M. de /a Roja, C. Domínguez & M. Góme: Critical and technical aspects for safeguarding, enhancing and the recovery of local arcrutectural heritage: An emblematic example of rural buildings between Ossola (Italy) and Ticino (Switzerland) 345 M. Zerbinalli & S. Fasana

IX Thc protcction of thc baserr; as a system for organising rurallandscapes in the context of the urban sprawl processes: The "SLaM" model versus the Utopia 01' "smart cities" 349 A. de la Filen/e, U Caz/clll, 1/ Bel/cdc/ & A. Azkal"(//e A petrological approach to the study of grinding mortars from the Roman mines 01' "Pino del Oro" (Zamora. Spain) 353 C. Vú::que::-Calvo, R. For/, D. Romcro, A. Bellrán & FJ SÚllc/¡e::-Palcncia Origin and evolution of the agriculturallands<.:ape in Santiago de Compostela from the properties of a polycyclic terraced soil 357 C. Ferro- Vázquez, P. Bal/es/eros Arias, J C. Nóvoa-Muño::. S. Con:ález-Prie/o & A. Marlínc::-Corli:as Possibilities of LASER conservation 01' metal objects from archaeological context 363 J Barrio, M. C. Medilla, J P Cid, A./. Pardo & M. Turégallo GeomalÍcs applied to the monitoring of the damage and stability of the hcritage 367 A. Rodríguez Miranda & J M. Val/e Alelón Contribution 01' GIS and spatial analysis tools in the charactcrization of surface damage to paintings 371 A. FlIellles Predictive model for the usefullifetimc of a set of buildings of the Archdiocese of Seville 375 J M. Mocías & M.J Chavc: Risk analysis in Historical cities: Thc cascs of Carmona and Estepa (Seville, Spain) 379 R. Orliz, P. Orli:, J M. lvlarlín & A. Domíllgue:: The MHS system as an a<.:tive tool for the preventive conservation of Cultural Heritage 383 M. Chiriae, D. Basullo, E. Lópe:. J e Frielo, J Castil/o & A . Col/ado Significance and social value 01' Cultural Heritage: Analyzing thc fractures of Heritage 387 C. Sánc/¡e:-Carrelero CSI: Sittingbournc: Conscrvation science invcstigations in a town ccnter shopping mall 393 D. Coodhurn-BrOlI'II & V. Price Neomudéjar Architccture in Seville: Urban and social background, intervcntions in the Patio House (1880-1930) 397 M.R. Chaza ¡ron Agc goldwork as Cultural Heritage: Building stratcgies for its research, conservation and social valuation in NW Spain 401 X. -L. Armada, o. Carda- Vuella, A. Perea & Y Porto Las Médulas: Thc social appraisal of a culturallandscape 407 S. Carda Basan/a & J Marlíne: Quintana Documenting thc architcctonic heritage: The best way of preserving it 41 I D. Pereira, J M. Balluil/e & B.J Cooper Quantitativc research undcrpins hcritage managemcnt: Prescrving fcrrous metals 415 D. Wa/kinsoll & A1. Rimmer Ncw protocols ror built hcritag:c protection in lhe Basque Country: Towards an automatic analysis tool for built heritagc 419 N. Oses & A. A:karale Rcvicw of restoration intervcntions: ElTects on the Roman archaeological sitc of Mcrida (Spain) 425 N. Pae: Ema, R. BlIstamanle & 1\1. Alvare::: de Buergo

Author indcx 431 x