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Meet the String Family Quapaw Quartet Presents Meet the String Family There are three string instruments played by the four members of the Quapaw Quartet: Two violins, one viola, and one cello. [See short examples of all five instruments on YouTube played by college students at the University of Texas: String instruments of the orchestra www.youtube.com/watch?v=RxFNHeXKmrY May 22, 2011.] The violin, sometimes called the fiddle, is the smallest of the instruments in the string TUNING quartet. It is played by resting PEGS the back of the instrument on the left shoulder, placing one’s chin on the chinrest, and holding the neck, or the skinnier part, of the violin in the left hand. Violins play the TUNING highest notes because its PEGS strings are the shortest and VIOLIN: EADG thinnest of all string VIOLA: ADGC instruments. CELLO: ADGC octave below The viola is the medium-sized instrument in the string quartet and plays lower notes than the violin. This is because its strings are longer and thicker than those on the violin. It is held the same way as a violin and looks exactly like a violin except for that fact that it is slightly larger. The cello (also called the violincello) is the largest instrument in the string quartet and plays the lowest notes. Cellos have a pin at the bottom so they may be played by standing them up on their ends without damaging them. This pin is called an endpin. A player holds a cello by placing it between his or her legs while holding the neck in the left hand. Articulations (ways of playing the same note, but making different sounds) There are many different ways (or techniques) to play a string instrument. These techniques have Italian names because Italian composers were first to experiment and create these sounds. You can play the instrument with a bow or you can pluck the strings (like a guitar), called pizzicato. Other articulation styles are legato and staccato. Legato means “connected” in Italian or like a smooth melody. It tells a musician to play the music without space between the notes and several notes are played in one draw of the bow. Staccato in Italian means “separated” so there is a tiny break in sound between the notes. Developed in collaboration with Instrument Families of the Symphony Orchestra The String Family The Woodwind Family endpin The cello and double bass are actually much larger compared to the violin and viola than it looks like in this illustration. The Brass Family What intstruments do you see that you would like to learn to play? Meet the String Family Student Journal Featured Composers/Works Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born in Salzburg, Austria, on January 27, 1756. He began studying the harpsichord early, taught by his father, Leopold. At the age of six, Mozart’s father began to tour him about to the various music centers of Europe as a child prodigy performer. Mozart also composed music at a young age, sometimes dedicating his compositions to the various nobility he entertained. He wrote minuets when he was five, a sonata at seven, a symphony at eight. Wherever he went, Mozart made a big impression, not just for his music, but for his fun-loving spirit. Mozart wrote over 626 pieces of music in his short life of 35 years. Many included multiple movements, such as his 41 symphonies and 23 string quartets and is known as one of the greatest composers of all Mozart at age 6 time. Excepts from String Quartet No. 27, Movement I https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWYY9_28znA and String Quartet No. 21 Movement 3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpjIKeu-gv4 will be played. Franz Joseph Haydn is remembered as the first great symphony composer and is credited with essentially inventing the string quartet. Starting in about 1757 and continuing until 1806, three years before his death, Haydn composed 68 string quartets. As with his symphonies, Haydn used quartets to develop the classical style. Many of his symphonies and quartets have been given individual names such as the 'Sun', the 'Prussian' and the 'Apponyi'. Featured on this program will be his Quartet Op. 76, No. 4, Movement 4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T8nv8KlxU8Y). Bela Bartok was born March 25, 1881, in what was then Hungary. His mother gave him his first piano lessons and his progress was so rapid that at 10 he made his initial public appearance as composer- pianist. In 1899 Bartok entered the Royal Academy of Music in Budapest. He began collecting Hungarian folk music soon after he left the Academy. In all he gathered more than 6,000 folk songs. Bartok came to the United States for the first time in December, 1927. From 1940 until his death in 1945, Bartok lived in New York. He added several works to his long list of compositions. His Quartet No. 4, Movement 4 will be featured https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ejC2eI850gg Meet the String Family Student Journal Listening for Melody and Harmony Melody and harmony are the two of the most important elements in any music composition. During this performance, you will hear the members of the Quapaw String Quartet take turns playing the melody and harmony. Much of the time the melody will be played by the musician playing the first violin part which is usually contains the highest notes. Melody A melody is what we hear as the most important part of a composition and is often referred to as the tune. When a melody played is by all performers at the same time, that is called playing in unison. Harm ony Harmony is the combination of musical notes played along with the melody to support it. Sometimes the harmony can be a second melody or the same melody starting later such as in a round like “Row Row Row Your Boat.” Harmony can also be chords played along with the melody, such as when a guitar plays chords while a singer sings the melody. Vocabulary child prodigy – a person who is able to perform at a dynamics (in music) – how loud or soft the music is very advanced level at a young age harmony - a musical term for notes used in a classical style – a set of common practices for writing musical piece that provide background for the music that became popular in Europe in the 1700’s melody melody – a long passage of music and have been used as guidelines by many forming a theme that you can recognize as in a composers since. song composer – a person who writes music nobility – members of royal families dynamics (in music) – how loud or soft the music is texture (in music) - the way the melody, rhythm harmony - a musical term for notes used in a musical and harmony combine in a composition piece that provide background for the melody These materials have been prepared by Arkansas Learning Through The Arts in partnership with the Arkansas Symphony Orchestra. These materials are copyrighted but may be used and copied for non-commercial and educational purposes. Meet the String Family Student Journal .
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