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California Encephalitis Orthobunyaviruses in Northern Europe
California encephalitis orthobunyaviruses in northern Europe NIINA PUTKURI Department of Virology Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki Doctoral Program in Biomedicine Doctoral School in Health Sciences Academic Dissertation To be presented for public examination with the permission of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, in lecture hall 13 at the Main Building, Fabianinkatu 33, Helsinki, 23rd September 2016 at 12 noon. Helsinki 2016 Supervisors Professor Olli Vapalahti Department of Virology and Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki and Department of Virology and Immunology, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland Professor Antti Vaheri Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Reviewers Docent Heli Harvala Simmonds Unit for Laboratory surveillance of vaccine preventable diseases, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden and European Programme for Public Health Microbiology Training (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden Docent Pamela Österlund Viral Infections Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland Offical Opponent Professor Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research National Reference Centre for Tropical Infectious Disease Hamburg, Germany ISBN 978-951-51-2399-2 (PRINT) ISBN 978-951-51-2400-5 (PDF, available -
Genetic Characterization of the Wyeomyia Group of Orthobunyaviruses and Their Phylogenetic Relationships
Journal of General Virology (2012), 93, 1023–1034 DOI 10.1099/vir.0.039479-0 Genetic characterization of the Wyeomyia group of orthobunyaviruses and their phylogenetic relationships Rashmi Chowdhary,1 Craig Street,1 Amelia Travassos da Rosa,2 Marcio R. T. Nunes,3 Kok Keng Tee,1 Stephen K. Hutchison,4 Pedro F. C. Vasconcelos,5 Robert B. Tesh,2 W. Ian Lipkin1,6 and Thomas Briese1,7 Correspondence 1Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA Thomas Briese 2Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA [email protected] 3Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Para´, Brazil 4454 Roche Life Sciences, Branford, CT, USA 5Center for Technological Innovation, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Para´, Brazil 6Department of Pathology and Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA 7Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA Phylogenetic analyses can give new insights into the evolutionary history of viruses, especially of viruses with segmented genomes. However, sequence information for many viral families or genera is still limited and phylogenies based on single or short genome fragments can be misleading. We report the first genetic analysis of all three genome segments of Wyeomyia group viruses Wyeomyia, Taiassui, Macaua, Sororoca, Anhembi and Cachoeira Porteira (BeAr328208) in the genus Orthobunyavirus of the family Bunyaviridae. In addition, Tucunduba and Iaco viruses were identified as members of the Wyeomyia group. Features of Wyeomyia group members that distinguish them from other viruses in the Bunyamwera serogroup and from other orthobunyaviruses, including truncated NSs sequences that may not counteract the host’s interferon response, were characterized. -
Table of Contents
Table of Contents Oral Presentation Abstracts ............................................................................................................................... 3 Plenary Session ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Adult Control I ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Mosquito Lightning Symposium ...................................................................................................................... 5 Student Paper Competition I .......................................................................................................................... 9 Post Regulatory approval SIT adoption ......................................................................................................... 10 16th Arthropod Vector Highlights Symposium ................................................................................................ 11 Adult Control II .......................................................................................................................................... 11 Management .............................................................................................................................................. 14 Student Paper Competition II ...................................................................................................................... 17 Trustee/Commissioner -
Sandra J. Heinemann and John N. Belkin2 for General Information And
Mosquito Systematics vol. lO(3) 1978 365 Collection Records of the Project “Mosquitoes of Middle America” 11. Venezuela (VZ); Guianas: French Guiana (FG, FGC), Guyana (GUY), Surinam (SUR)’ SandraJ. Heinemann and John N. Belkin2 For generalinformation and collectionsfrom the Dominican Republic (RDO) the first publication of this seriesshould be consulted(Belkin and Heinemann 1973). Any departurefrom the method in this publication is indicated below. Publications2-6 of the series(Belkin and Heinemann 1975a, 1975b, 1976a, 1976b, 1976~) recordeddata on collectionsfrom the remainderof the West Indies except Jama& ca (Belkin, Heinemann and Page 1970: 255-304) and the islandsadjacent to Venezuela as well asTrini- dad and Tobago (to be coveredlater). Publication7 on collectionsfrom Costa Rica (Heinemann and Belkin 1977a) begantreatment of Central America and publication 8 coveredthe rest of nuclearCentral America (Heinemann and Belkin 1977b). Publication9 was devoted to Mexico (Heinemann and Belkin 1977c), publication 10 dealt with the extensivecollections in Panama(including Canal Zone) (Heinemann and Belkin 1978) and the pre- sent publication beginscoverage of South America. The collectionsin Venezuelaand the Guianascould not have been made without the interest and assistanceof cooperatorsof the project. We are greatly indebted to theseindividuals and their organiza- tions for the facilities, transportationand assistanceas well as the donation of collectionsto the project. In Venezuelawe are indebted to Arnold0 Gabaldon, Lacenio Guerrero, Pablo Cova Garciaand Juan Pulido, all of Direction de Malariologiay SaneamientoAmbiental, Ministerio de Sanidady Asistencia Social;G. H. Bergoldand Octavia M. Suarez,Departamento de Virologia, Instituto Venezolano de Invest- igacionesCientificas (IVIC); and Felipe J. Martin, Departamentode Zoologia Agricola, Facultad de Agro- nomia, UniversidadCentral de Venezuela,Maracay. -
A Look Into Bunyavirales Genomes: Functions of Non-Structural (NS) Proteins
viruses Review A Look into Bunyavirales Genomes: Functions of Non-Structural (NS) Proteins Shanna S. Leventhal, Drew Wilson, Heinz Feldmann and David W. Hawman * Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA; [email protected] (S.S.L.); [email protected] (D.W.); [email protected] (H.F.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-406-802-6120 Abstract: In 2016, the Bunyavirales order was established by the International Committee on Taxon- omy of Viruses (ICTV) to incorporate the increasing number of related viruses across 13 viral families. While diverse, four of the families (Peribunyaviridae, Nairoviridae, Hantaviridae, and Phenuiviridae) contain known human pathogens and share a similar tri-segmented, negative-sense RNA genomic organization. In addition to the nucleoprotein and envelope glycoproteins encoded by the small and medium segments, respectively, many of the viruses in these families also encode for non-structural (NS) NSs and NSm proteins. The NSs of Phenuiviridae is the most extensively studied as a host interferon antagonist, functioning through a variety of mechanisms seen throughout the other three families. In addition, functions impacting cellular apoptosis, chromatin organization, and transcrip- tional activities, to name a few, are possessed by NSs across the families. Peribunyaviridae, Nairoviridae, and Phenuiviridae also encode an NSm, although less extensively studied than NSs, that has roles in antagonizing immune responses, promoting viral assembly and infectivity, and even maintenance of infection in host mosquito vectors. Overall, the similar and divergent roles of NS proteins of these Citation: Leventhal, S.S.; Wilson, D.; human pathogenic Bunyavirales are of particular interest in understanding disease progression, viral Feldmann, H.; Hawman, D.W. -
Genetic and Phylogenetic Characterization Of
Article Genetic and Phylogenetic Characterization of Tataguine and Witwatersrand Viruses and Other Orthobunyaviruses of the Anopheles A, Capim, Guamá, Koongol, Mapputta, Tete, and Turlock Serogroups Alexey M. Shchetinin 1, Dmitry K. Lvov 1, Petr G. Deriabin 1, Andrey G. Botikov 1, Asya K. Gitelman 1, Jens H. Kuhn 2 and Sergey V. Alkhovsky 1,* Received: 2 September 2015; Accepted: 7 November 2015; Published: 23 November 2015 Academic Editors: Jane Tao and Pierre-Yves Lozach 1 D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia; [email protected] (A.M.S.); [email protected] (D.K.L.); [email protected] (P.G.D.); [email protected] (A.G.B.); [email protected] (A.K.G.) 2 Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +7-499-190-3043; Fax: +7-499-190-2867 Abstract: The family Bunyaviridae has more than 530 members that are distributed among five genera or remain to be classified. The genus Orthobunyavirus is the most diverse bunyaviral genus with more than 220 viruses that have been assigned to more than 18 serogroups based on serological cross-reactions and limited molecular-biological characterization. Sequence information for all three orthobunyaviral genome segments is only available for viruses belonging to the Bunyamwera, Bwamba/Pongola, California encephalitis, Gamboa, Group C, Mapputta, Nyando, and Simbu serogroups. Here we present coding-complete sequences for all three genome segments of 15 orthobunyaviruses belonging to the Anopheles A, Capim, Guamá, Kongool, Tete, and Turlock serogroups, and of two unclassified bunyaviruses previously not known to be orthobunyaviruses (Tataguine and Witwatersrand viruses). -
Orthobunyaviruses: from Virus Binding to Penetration Into Mammalian Host Cells
viruses Review Orthobunyaviruses: From Virus Binding to Penetration into Mammalian Host Cells Stefan Windhaber 1 , Qilin Xin 2 and Pierre-Yves Lozach 1,2,* 1 CellNetworks—Cluster of Excellence and Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research (CIID), Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; [email protected] 2 Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Viral Infections and Comparative Pathology (IVPC), UMR754-University Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: With over 80 members worldwide, Orthobunyavirus is the largest genus in the Peribunyaviri- dae family. Orthobunyaviruses (OBVs) are arthropod-borne viruses that are structurally simple, with a trisegmented, negative-sense RNA genome and only four structural proteins. OBVs are potential agents of emerging and re-emerging diseases and overall represent a global threat to both public and veterinary health. The focus of this review is on the very first steps of OBV infection in mammalian hosts, from virus binding to penetration and release of the viral genome into the cytosol. Here, we address the most current knowledge and advances regarding OBV receptors, endocytosis, and fusion. Keywords: arbovirus; Bunyamwera; cell entry; emerging virus; endocytosis; fusion; La Crosse; Oropouche; receptor; Schmallenberg Citation: Windhaber, S.; Xin, Q.; Lozach, P.-Y. Orthobunyaviruses: 1. Introduction From Virus Binding to Penetration into Mammalian Host Cells. Viruses Orthobunyavirus consists of over 80 members that are globally distributed, which is a 2021, 13, 872. https://doi.org/ genus of the family Peribunyaviridae (Bunyavirales order) along with Herbevirus, Pacuvirus, 10.3390/v13050872 and Shangavirus (Table1)[ 1]. -
Characterization of Maguari Orthobunyavirus Mutants Suggests
Virology 348 (2006) 224–232 www.elsevier.com/locate/yviro Characterization of Maguari orthobunyavirus mutants suggests the nonstructural protein NSm is not essential for growth in tissue culture ⁎ Elizabeth Pollitt, Jiangqin Zhao, Paul Muscat, Richard M. Elliott ,1 Division of Virology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Church Street, Glasgow G11 5JR, Scotland, UK Received 9 November 2005; returned to author for revision 23 November 2005; accepted 15 December 2005 Available online 30 January 2006 Abstract Maguari virus (MAGV; genus Orthobunyavirus, family Bunyaviridae) contains a tripartite negative-sense RNA genome. Like all orthobunyaviruses, the medium (M) genome segment encodes a precursor polyprotein (NH2-Gn-NSm-Gc-COOH) for the two virion glycoproteins Gn and Gc and a nonstructural protein NSm. The nucleotide sequences of the M segment of wild-type (wt) MAGV, of a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant, and of two non-ts revertants, R1 and R2, that show electrophoretic mobility differences in their Gc proteins were determined. Twelve amino acid differences (2 in Gn, 10 in Gc) were observed between wt and ts MAGV, of which 9 were maintained in R1 and R2. The M RNA segments of R1 and R2 contained internal deletions, resulting in the removal of the N-terminal 239 residues of Gc (R1) or the C- terminal two thirds of NSm and the N-terminal 431 amino acids of Gc (R2). The sequence data were consistent with analyses of the virion RNAs and virion glycoproteins. These results suggest that neither the N-terminal domain of Gc nor an intact NSm protein is required for the replication of MAGV in tissue culture. -
"Evolutionary Responses to Climate Change". In: Encyclopedia of Life
Evolutionary Responses to Advanced article Climate Change Article Contents . Introduction David K Skelly, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA . Observed Genetic Changes . Adaptations to Climate Change L Kealoha Freidenburg, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA . Changes in Selection Pressures . Rate of Evolution versus Rate of Climate Change . Extinction Risks . Future Prospects Online posting date: 15th September 2010 Biological responses to contemporary climate change are Everything from heat tolerance, body shape and size, and abundantly documented. We know that many species are water use physiology of plants is strongly related to the cli- shifting their geographic range and altering traits, mate conditions within a species range. From these obser- including the timing of critical life history events such as vations, a natural assumption would be that a great deal of research on the role of contemporary climate change in birth, flowering and diapause. We also know from com- driving evolutionary responses has taken place. Although parative studies of species found across the earth that a there has been an increasing amount of research very strong relationship exists between a species trait and the recently, in fact there is relatively little known about the links climatic conditions in which it is found. Together, these between contemporary climate change and evolution. The observations suggest that ongoing climate change may reasons for this are not hard to determine. There is abundant lead to evolutionary responses. Where examined, evo- documentation of biological responses to climate change lutionary responses have been uncovered in most cases. (Parmesan, 2006). Species distributions are moving pole- The effort needed to disentangle these genetic contri- ward, the timing of life history events are shifting to reflect butions to responses is substantial and so examples are lengthened growing seasons and traits such as body size are few. -
Role of Bunyamwera Orthobunyavirus Nss Protein in Infection of Mosquito Cells
Role of Bunyamwera Orthobunyavirus NSs Protein in Infection of Mosquito Cells Agnieszka M. Szemiel1, Anna-Bella Failloux2, Richard M. Elliott1* 1 Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom, 2 Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France Abstract Background: Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus is both the prototype and study model of the Bunyaviridae family. The viral NSs protein seems to contribute to the different outcomes of infection in mammalian and mosquito cell lines. However, only limited information is available on the growth of Bunyamwera virus in cultured mosquito cells other than the Aedes albopictus C6/36 line. Methodology and Principal Findings: To determine potential functions of the NSs protein in mosquito cells, replication of wild-type virus and a recombinant NSs deletion mutant was compared in Ae. albopictus C6/36, C7-10 and U4.4 cells, and in Ae. aegypti Ae cells by monitoring N protein production and virus yields at various times post infection. Both viruses established persistent infections, with the exception of NSs deletion mutant in U4.4 cells. The NSs protein was nonessential for growth in C6/36 and C7-10 cells, but was important for productive replication in U4.4 and Ae cells. Fluorescence microscopy studies using recombinant viruses expressing green fluorescent protein allowed observation of three stages of infection, early, acute and late, during which infected cells underwent morphological changes. In the absence of NSs, these changes were less pronounced. An RNAi response efficiently reduced virus replication in U4.4 cells transfected with virus specific dsRNA, but not in C6/36 or C7/10 cells. -
Wyeomyia Smithii
Commonwealth of Massachusetts State Reclamation and Mosquito Control Board NORTHEAST MASSACHUSETTS MOSQUITO CONTROL AND WETLANDS MANAGEMENT DISTRICT Wyeomyia smithii Kimberly Foss- Entomologist 118 Tenney Street Georgetown, MA 01833 Phone: (978) 352-2800 www.northeastmassmosquito.org Morphological Characteristics • Larvae • Antennal setae 1-A single • Single row of comb scales • Siphon w/ numerous long single setae • Saddle incomplete w/o median ventral brush • Only 2 anal gills (contribute to cutaneous respiration or length of time submerged?) • Adult • Size similar to Ur. sapphirina • Proboscis dark scaled, unbanded • Occiput dark w/ metallic blue-green scales • Scutum dark brownish-gray metallic scales, mesopostnotum with setae • Abdominal terga dark w/ metallic sheen, sides of sterna pale-scaled • Legs dark-scaled, unbanded Photos: Maryland Biodiversity Distribution/ Habitat • Gulf Coast to Northern Canada (post glacial range expansion) • Acidic sphagnum bogs and fens • Commensalistic w/ carnivorous host plant • Northern or Purple Pitcher Plant (Sarracenia pupurea) • Shared habitat 2 diptera sp. (midge, flesh fly) • Presence assists in nutrient absorption Photos: Wikipedia Bionomics • Autogenus • Multivoltine • 2x per year -late spring & early fall • Some larvae in a generation will develop at different times • Some larvae will not pupate for 10 months • Weak flyers (~15 meters), very prone to desiccation • Females rest, feed and fly (other species do not) with hind legs bent forward over head Photo: NJ Mosquito Control Association -
Bunyaviridae Family and the Orthobunyavirus for BUNV Replication (8)
Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus glycoprotein precursor is processed by cellular signal peptidase and signal peptide peptidase Xiaohong Shia,1, Catherine H. Bottingb, Ping Lia, Mark Niglasb, Benjamin Brennana, Sally L. Shirranb, Agnieszka M. Szemiela, and Richard M. Elliotta,2 aMedical Research Council–University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom; and bBiomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom Edited by Peter Palese, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, and approved June 17, 2016 (received for review February 29, 2016) The M genome segment of Bunyamwera virus (BUNV)—the pro- (II and IV) (Fig. S1A), and its N-terminal domain (I) is required totype of both the Bunyaviridae family and the Orthobunyavirus for BUNV replication (8). genus—encodes the glycoprotein precursor (GPC) that is proteo- Cleavage of BUNV GPC is mediated by host proteases, but the lytically cleaved to yield two viral structural glycoproteins, Gn and Gc, details of which proteases are involved and the precise cleavage sites and a nonstructural protein, NSm. The cleavage mechanism of ortho- have not been clarified. Experimental data on GPC processing have bunyavirus GPCs and the host proteases involved have not been only been reported for snowshoe hare orthobunyavirus (SSHV); the clarified. In this study, we investigated the processing of BUNV GPC C terminus of SSHV Gn was determined by C-terminal amino acid and found that both NSm and Gc proteins were cleaved at their own sequencing to be an arginine (R) residue at position 299 (9) (Fig.