Systematic Treatment of Species of Tortricinae

Key to the tribes of the Tortricinae; Argyrolepia audouinana Duponchel, in Godart, 1836, Hist. nat. Lépid. Papillons Fr. 9: 569. 1. Hindwing without cubital pecten on upperside. . .2 Type locality: Germany; Augsburg. Hindwing with cubital pecten on upperside. . . . .5 2. Forewing with vein CuP (1C) totally absent...... British usage: audouinana Wilkinson 1859, 286; bifasciana ����������������������������������������������������������������� Cochylini (p. 36) Meyrick 1895,536; Barrett 1905, 200; Pierce & Metcalfe 1922, Forewing with vein CuP (1C) present at margin. . . . .3 24, pl.9; Meyrick 1928, 518; Ford 1949, 57; Bradley, Tremewan 3. Forewing with vein R5 (7) to costa ...... & Smith 1973, 172. �������������������������������������������������������������������� (p. 4) Forewing with vein R5 (7) to apex or termen . . . . 4 Description of imago (Pl.1, fig.1) 4. Forewing with vein R5 (7) to termen; male often with Wingspan 12–14 mm. costal fold on forewing; forewing broad often pro- A very distinctive species. Labial palps yellowish cream; head duced at the apex; male genital valve 1½ times, or brown; thorax and tegulae dark brown. Forewing dark brown less, as long as broad...... traversed by 3 or 4 irregular plumbeous lines and with 5 or 6 ��������������������������������Archipini (p. 99) & Euliini (p. 144) small raised tufts of plumbeous scales; markings cream Forewing with vein R5 (7) to apex or termen; male coloured, tinged orange when freshly emerged, and consisting without a costal fold on the forewing; forewing nar- of a small blotch at ¼ from base of dorsum, another on costa rower; male genital valve at least twice as long as at ½, and a narrow border round apex and along apical two- broad...... Cnephasiini (p. 82) thirds of termen; cilia cream to orange-cream but dark fus- 5. Labial palps very long (x3 width of eye)...... cous at tornus. Hindwing brown; cilia concolorous. Underside ...... Sparganothini (p. 143) of forewing dark brown; basal ciliary line pale brown, outer Labial palps shorter (less than x2½ width of eye). . cilia creamy brown. Hindwing underside and cilia brown...... Olethreutinae (see Volume 2) Abdomen brown, tinged reddish basally. Genitalia, see figures 1. Tribe Tortricini Latreille, 1803

Key to the British genera of the Tortricinae, Tortricini 1 1. Forewing with vein M3 (4) and Cu1 (3) stalked ...... (p. 4) Forewing with vein M3 (4) and Cu1 (3) arising sepa- rately from medial cell...... 2 2. Forewing with stem R veins (chorda) indicated in medial cell...... Tortrix (p. 5) Forewing with no cross veins in medial cell...... Acleris (p. 7) and Aleimma (p. 6)

SPATALISTIS Meyrick, 1907 SPATALISTIS Meyrick, 1907, J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 17: 979. A genus of about 20 species mainly of Oriental distribu- tion. S. bifasciana is the only European species.

SPATALISTIS BIFASCIANA (Hübner, [1787]) Phalaena (Tortrix) bifasciana Hübner, [1787], Beitr. Gesch. Schmett. 1 (2): 16. Argyrotoza apicalis Humphreys & Westwood, 1845, Brit. Transf. 2: 169. Map 1 Spatalistis bifasciana

© koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2015 | doi 10.1163/9789004261068_003 TORTRICINI: Spatalistis, TORTRIX 5

Life history Description of imago (Pl.1, fig.2) ovum. Continental information suggests, laid on buck- Wingspan 17–24 mm., occasionally much smaller. thorn (Rhamnus catharticus), alder buckthorn (Frangula No marked sexual dimorphism; forewing without costal alnus) or dogwood (Swida sanguinea) in May and June. fold in male. larva. Head brown. Body yellow, strongly shagreened; Antennae barred pale brown and white. Labial palps biege pinacula large and violet; prothoracic plate brown, edged tinged greenish; head, thorax and tegulae pale to bright with dark brown; thoracic legs brown; anal plate with a green. brownish violet transverse stripe between anterior edge Forewing uniform green, including basal ciliary line, outer and first setae; anal comb with eight prongs (Swatschek, cilia white; costa thinly cream but fuscous towards base. 1958). Hindwing pale greyish brown, basal ciliary line concolor- July to May; on the continent of Europe feeds in the ber- ous but outer cilia white. Underside of forewing grey- ries of the foodplant and has also been reared from berries brown with cilia white; hindwing underside, including on bilberry () (Swatschek, 1958) and cilia, white. bog bilberry (V. uliginosum) (Razowski, 1966). In Britain it Abdomen pale brownish to brownish grey. Genitalia, see appears to adopt a different life-style, feeding instead on figures 2. the dead leaves of sweet chestnut, and Similar species. The small green noctuid Earias clorana , Quercus spp. Heckford (in Langmaid & Young, 2009) (Linn.) has a similar uniform green coloration of the fore- found that the larvae fed in folded edges of dead oak wing, but its hindwing is shining white. leaves, especially those on twigs caught in the understorey and affected by the microfungus Ciborinia candolleana Life history (Lév.) Whetzel. The larvae have also been found in The life-cycle of the species in Britain has been described leaf-litter. in detail by Sich (1916). pupa. May. ovum. Lenticular, delicately sculptured, pale yellow imago. Univoltine. May – July; occasionally flies by day or becoming orange-brown. Laid in small batches, usually cov- may be found resting in the sunshine on the surface of a ered with green scales from the upper surface of the fore- leaf; usually flies rather high just before dusk. wings, on the bark of branches of oak (Quercus spp.) or, less frequently, other plants in June and July. Other plants that Distribution (Map 1) are sometimes used are beech (Fagus sylvatica), hornbeam Frequents woodland margins and rides where its food- plant abounds. Rare and local in southern England, but extending northwards to Liecestershire and North Lincoln­ 2 shire; in Wales only from the south; not known in Ireland. Europe to eastern Siberia; Japan.

TORTRIX Linnaeus, 1758 TORTRIX Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (Edn.10) 1: 530. HETEROGNOMON Lederer, 1859, Wien. ent. Monatschr. 3: 247. The two species known are endemic in the Palaearctic region; T. viridana being found in the western part of the region.

TORTRIX VIRIDANA Linnaeus,1758 Phalaena (Tortrix) viridana Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (Edn.10) 1: 530. Tortrix suttneriana [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775, Syst. Verz. Schmett. Wienergegend: 127. Tortrix coeruleana Sorhagen, 1881, Berl. Ent. Z. 25: 18. Type locality: Europe.

British usage: viridana Wilkinson 1859, 44; Meyrick 1895, 537; Barrett 1905, 193; Pierce & Metcalfe 1922, 19, pl.8; Meyrick 1928, 507; Ford 1949, 51; Bradley, Tremewan & Smith 1973, 171. Map 2 Tortrix viridana