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Graskop Gorge Tourism Project on Portion 4 of the Farm Graskop 564 Kt, Mpumalanga

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Graskop Gorge Tourism Project on Portion 4 of the Farm Graskop 564 Kt, Mpumalanga SPECIALIST REPORT PHASE 1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL / HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE GRASKOP GORGE TOURISM PROJECT ON PORTION 4 OF THE FARM GRASKOP 564 KT, MPUMALANGA MPUMALANGA PROVINCE REPORT PREPARED FOR WANDIMA ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES cc MR. MBUYANE P.O. Box 1072, NELSPRUIT, 1200 Tel: 013 - 7525452 / Fax: 013 – 7526877 / e-mail: [email protected] JUNE 2014 ADANSONIA HERITAGE CONSULTANTS ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHERN AFRICAN PROFESSIONAL ARCHAEOLOGISTS C. VAN WYK ROWE E-MAIL: [email protected] P.O. BOX 75, PILGRIM'S REST, 1290 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A Phase 1 Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) regarding archaeological and other cultural heritage resources was conducted on the footprint for the proposed Graskop Gorge Tourism Project on portion 4 of the farm Graskop 564 KT , Mpumalanga Province. The study area is situated on topographical map 1:50 000, 2430 DD GRASKOP, which fall within the Mpumalanga Province, under the jurisdiction of the Ehlanzeni district municipality, and Thaba Chweu local municipality. The National Heritage Resources Act, no 25 (1999)(NHRA), protects all heritage resources, which are classified as national estate. The NHRA stipulates that any person who intends to undertake a development, is subjected to the provisions of the Act. Graskop Gorge or Panorama Gorge forms part of the scenic Mpumalanga Escarpment. The Panorama or Graskop waterfall is a thin trickle which dries up in early spring, but after heavy rains, up to seven separate falls thunder over the edge of the ravine, flooding most of the gorge and valley floor within the study area. The Graskop Gorge is situated on the outskirts of the town of Graskop, to the south on the R533 to Hazyview and Bushbuckridge. A recent low cost housing development is directly towards the south-west, an established tourist facility, Panorama Rest Camp to the south-east, and Mogodi Lodge to the north-west. The study area is approximately 19ha in total of which the middle section consists of the Panorama Gorge and waterfall with a sheer drop of 150 – 200m. The floor and sides of the gorge is a pristine indigenous forest. The Fanie Botha Hiking Trail runs through the study area on both sides of the gorge. The Graskop area at the top of the escarpment was sparsely populated in the past. The area below the escarpment was however extensively and continuously inhabited since the 17 th century, and the local people made use of animal footpaths of which one became the later Kowyn’s Pass, to reach the top of the escarpment. The field survey, literature study and personal communication with specialists in the field revealed that this area was not rich in archaeological material or sites. No archaeological or cultural material was observed during the survey, and based on the findings in this report, Adansonia Heritage Consultants cc, states that there are no reasons that may prevent the proposed Graskop Gorge Tourism Project, to continue. 2 Disclaimer: Although all possible care is taken to identify all sites of cultural significance during the investigation, it is possible that hidden or sub-surface sites could be overlooked during the study, Christine Rowe trading as Adansonia Heritage Consultants will not be held liable for such oversights or for costs incurred by the client as a result. Copyright: Copyright in all documents, drawings and records whether manually or electronically produced, which form part of the submission and any subsequent report or project document shall vest in Christine Rowe trading as Adansonia Heritage Consultants. None of the documents, drawings or records may be used or applied in any manner, nor may they be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means whatsoever for or to any other person, without the prior written consent of the above. The Client, on acceptance of any submission by Christine Rowe, trading as Adansonia Heritage Consultants and on condition that the Client pays the full price for the work as agreed, shall be entitled to use for its own benefit and for the specified project only: 1) The results of the project; 2) The technology described in any report; 3) Recommendations delivered to the Client. June 2014 Christine Van Wyk Rowe 3 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 A. BACKGROUND INFORMATION TO THE PROJECT 5 • Terms of Reference 6 • Legal requirements 6 B. BACKGROUND TO ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORY OF THE STUDY AREA 9 • Literature review, museum databases & previous relevant impact assessments 9 C. DESCRIPTION OF AREA TO BE AFFECTED BY DEVELOPMENT 16 D. LOCALITY 17 • Description of methodology 17 • GPS Co-ordinates of the study area 19 E. DESCRIPTION OF IDENTIFIED SITES 19 F. DISCUSSION ON THE FOOTPRINT OF THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT 19 • Summarised identification & cultural significance assessment of affected heritage resources: General issues of site and context 20 • Summarised recommended impact management interventions 24 G. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE & EVALUATION OF HERITAGE RESOURCES IN THE STUDY AREA 25 • Evaluation methods 25 • NHRA 26 H. RECOMMENDATION 26 I. CONCLUSION 27 REFERENCES 27 APPENDIX 1: Photographs of the study area 29 APPENDIX 2: MAP: Van Warmelo 1935 39 APPENDIX 3: Topographical Map: 2430 DD GRASKOP 40 APPENDIX 4: Google Earth image of study area: 41 APPENDIX 5: Graskop Gorge map, study area 42 APPENDIX 6: Layout plan of the proposed development 43 APPENDIX 7: Tracks and paths 44 4 PHASE 1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL / HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE GRASKOP GORGE TOURISM PROJECT ON PORTION 4 OF THE FARM GRASKOP 564 KT, MPUMALANGA A. BACKGROUND INFORMATION TO THE PROJECT Adansonia Heritage Consultants were appointed by Wandima Environmental Services cc in conjunction with Thaba Chweu Local Economic Development Agency (THALEDA), to conduct a phase 1 heritage impact assessment (HIA) on archaeological and other heritage resources on portion 4 of the farm Graskop 564KT . This section, approximately 19ha in extent, includes natural grassland (Fig. 8-12 & 15-17), as well as the gorge with a dense indigenous forest (Fig. 1-4), and is situated on the edge of the Mpumalanga Drakenberg Escarpment. Existing infrastructure surrounds the study area. Mogodi Lodge is situated directly to the west. Panorama Rest Camp borders the study area in the south-east. The R533 is bordering the area in the south and south-west. The gorge is situated in the middle section (Appendix 4-6). A section is currently allocated for informal traders, and the Big Swing and Edge Bar is trading on the property (Fig. 13). A literature study, relevant to the study area was done, to determine that no archaeological or heritage resources will be impacted upon by the proposed development (Appendix 3: Topographical Map: GRASKOP 2430DD). The aims for this report will therefore be to source all relevant information on archaeological and heritage resources in the study area, and to advise the client on sensitive heritage areas and where it is viable for the development to take place in terms of the specifications as set out in the National Heritage Resources Act no., 25 of 1999 (NHRA). Recommendations for maximum conservation measures for any heritage resource will also be made. The study area is indicated in Appendix 3 – 6. Photographic evidence is in Appendix 1. • This study forms part of an EIA, Consultant: Wandima Environmental Services, P.O. Box 1072, Nelspruit, 1200, Tel: 013 7525452 / Fax: 013 – 7526877 / e-mail: [email protected]. • Type of development: 19 ha, are earmarked for a tourism project, portion 4 of the farm Graskop 564KT , Mpumalanga Province. The proposed project will involve accommodation, lifestyle centre with bar, restaurant, shop and offices, parking 5 facility, informal traders, a lift into the gorge, walkway and outdoor activities such as hiking trails (see Appendix 6, Layout plan). • The site is currently zoned as: Tourism. No rezoning will take place. • Location of Province, Magisterial district / Local Authority and Property (farms): The area falls within the Mpumalanga Province under the jurisdiction of the Ehlanzeni district municipality, Thaba Chweu local municipality. • Land owners: Thaba Chweu local municipality. • Terms of reference: As specified by section 38 (3) of the NHRA, the following information is provided in this report. a) The identification and mapping of heritage resources where applicable; b) Assessment of significance of the resources; c) Assessment of the impact of the development; d) Evaluation of the impact of the development; e) Consultation with community members. f) Alternatives given to affected heritage resources by the development; g) Plans for measures of mitigation. • Legal requirements: The legal context of the report is grounded in the National Heritage Resources Act no. 25, 1999, as well as the National Environmental Management Act (1998) (NEMA). • Section 38 of the NHRA This report constitutes a heritage impact assessment investigation linked to the environmental impact assessment required for the development. The proposed development is a listed activity in terms of Section 38 (1) of the NHRA. Section 38 (2) of the NHRA requires the submission of a HIA report for authorisation purposes to the responsible heritage resources agency, (SAHRA). Heritage conservation and management in South Africa is governed by the NHRA and falls under the overall jurisdiction of the South African Heritage Resources Agency (SAHRA) and its provincial offices and counterparts. Section 38 of the NHRA requires a Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) to be conducted by an independent heritage management consultant, for the following development
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