The Monks and Monasteries of Constantinople, CA

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84821-3 - The Monks and Monasteries of Constantinople, CA. 350-850 Peter Hatlie Index More information

Index

Abraham, monastic founder and bp, 188–9 Antipatra, Monophysite nun, 198 Acts of Athos (Actes de l’Athos), 19 Aquilas, wife of a nun, 73 Agatha, St., 432 Arcadius, emperor, 86 Agathias, historian, 16 Archimandrite of all monasteries (also called father Akakios, pt of CP, 117 of all monasteries) 92, 93 Akeˆdia, 230 Ardabourios, 113 Alexander, abbot of the Akoimetai, 69, 70–1, 74, Arianism, 66–7 103, 245 Aristotle and Aristotelian studies, 434 Alexander, Paul, 377, 381–2 Arsenios, monk of CP and imperial tutor, 86 Alexandria; see Egypt, 63 Ashbrook Harvey, Susan, 146 Alypios, stylite, 194–5, 207 Asia Minor(Anatolia), 46 Amida, 142 Aspar, 113 Ammonios, monk of Egypt, 75 Athanasia, abbess of Aegina, 321 Anastasios, emperor, 114, 126, 141, 189 Athanasios, abbot of Medikion, 284 Anastasios, monk and associate of Maximos the Athanasios, abbot of Paulopetrion, 284, 382 Confessor, 247 Auxentios, monastic leaderof Auxentiou, 90, Anatolia; see Asia Minor, 95–6, 98, 124–5, 128–9, 444 Anatolios, pt of CP, 122 Auze´py, Marie-France, 7, 9, 11, 431 Anderson, Jeffrey, 412–13 Andreas, Monophysite monk, 197 Babylas, abbot, 106 Andrew, bp of Crete, 191–3, 245, 246, 248, 423, Bacht, Heinricht, 7 430, 440 BarQursos,John; see John of Tella, 56 Andrew Kalybites, hermit, 362–3, 364 Baradaeus, Jacob, monk and Monophysite Angelidi, Christine, 12 leader, 56 Anna, motherof Stephen the Younger,and nun, Baras, monk, 190 295, 309 Barber. gr. 336, 344 Anna, nun of Trichinareas, 281 Bardanes Tourkos, 266 Anna-Euphemios, nun, 317 Bardas, 266 Anonymous Sathas, 62 Barka, empress, 266 Anthemios, emperor, 43 Basil, abbot of Cilicia and CP, 69 Anthimos, abbot of the Dalmatou, 154, 158 Basil, bp of Caesarea (also called Basil the Great), Anthimos, Monophysite monk and bp of 34, 310, 341, 342, 443 Trebizond, 143 Basiliskos, emperor, 116–17, 119, 125 Anthony, monk of CP, 305 Bassianos, abbot of Bassianou, 88, 90, 95–6, 98, Anthony, monk of Egypt, 31, 265 100–1, 106 Anthony I, pt of CP (also called Konstantine Bithynia, 269, 274, 283, 313–14, 367, 400, 446 Kasymatas) 271, 352, 450, 451 monasteries of Anthousa, abbess of Mantineon, 314, 315, 326 Chenolakkos, 284 Anthousa, daughterof Constantine V and nun, Medikion, 283, 284 283, 315, 317 Megas Agros, 283, 331 Antioch; see Syria Pelekete, 283

539

540 Index

Bithynia (cont.) CP, city of Sakkoudion, 275, 281, 286, 289, 331, 410 archaeology of, 17–18 Symbols, 280, 284 charitable organizations within, 144, 147, 149, Zacharias, 326, 331 179, 248 Book of the Abbot; see John Moschos church controversies and, 94, 110–18 Brown, Peter, 34, 359 civic unrest and popular politics in, 151, 222–3 Brubaker, Leslie, 409 cultural norms in, 176–7, 407 Bulgaria, 265 demes of, 178, 222–3 earthquakes in, 165, 169, 187, 259, 260 Caner, Daniel, 7, 21 emperors of, 59–60 Cappadocia, 34; see also Asia Minor foreign affairs and, 213–15 Chalcedon holy sites and shrines of, 61, 132, 209 bishop of, 83 imperial presence in, 94, 179 Ecumenical Council of (451), 18, 38–41, 51, 110, miracles and magic in, 180–1, 209 116, 118, 123, 124–5, 444 plagues at, 135, 146, 170–1, 187, 259, 287 Chalcedon, important locations; see CP, popularreligionand piety at, 60, 179 geography and topographic locations population trends in, 58, 94, 176, 177–8, 216, Chalcedon, monasteries; see monasteries, CP 217–18, 259 Charanis, Peter, 219 sieges of, 213, 215 Charities, Petrou kai Paulou, 188 standards of living, 176, 177, 215–16, Chitty, Derwas, 2 259–60, 407 Chrysostomos, John, pt of CP, 67–8, 72, 83, 443 topography and urban development, 59, 176 Chryssavgis, John, 20 CP, geography and topographic locations Church and clergy, (including Chalcedon and hinterland) and Iconoclasm, 381–2, 392–3 Aqueduct of Valens, 209 Church and clergy of CP, 59, 94, 178–80, 220 Auxentios, Mt. of, 239, 313 demographics of, 221 Blachernae, 192, 194, 362 disciplinary issues within, 233, 235, 237–8 Chalcedon and the Bosphoros shore, 80, 81, economics of, 221 98, 198 Iconoclasm and, 376, 381–2 Chalcedon; see Chalcedon Churches of CP, 179 Chalke, island of, 286 Blachernae, 221, 259 Chalke Gate, 404 Haghia Sophia (also called St. Sophia orthe Chrysopolis, 188, 226, 247 Great Church), 93, 97, 135, 221, 226 Gate of Xylokeros, 164 Holy Apostles, 97, 135 Gomon, 71 Irene, 259 Hebdomon, 266 Mokios, St., 69 Hormisdas Palace, 143, 164 Philippos, St., 104 Hyatros, island of, 329 Clement, hymnographer, 425 Istinye (modern neighborhood of), 114 Collection of XIV Titles, 200 Mt. Oxeia, 125 Constans II, emperor, 177, 222, 224, 226, 247 Mt. Skopas (alt. Kayis¸Dag),˘ 98 Constantine I, emperor, 63 Plateia, island of, 238, 329 Constantine II, pt of CP, 303, 363 Princes’ Islands, 188, 285, 321, 369 Constantine V, emperor, 258, 281, 303, 315, 362–5, Propontis (alt. Marmara) Sea, 156 377, 434 Region XIV between the Constantinian and Constantine VI, emperor, 368, 395, 398, 409, 448 Theodosian walls, 80, 81, 95, 100, 148, Councils, church 156, 169 (see by place name) Sosthenion, 390 CP, church councils, 60 Sykae and the European Bosphoros shore, 80, Eighth Ecumenical (689–70), 334 81, 142, 144–5 Fifth Ecumenical (553), 135, 140–1 Tenebinthos, island of, 329 Haghia Sophia (815), 375, 415 Theodosian Walls and European suburbs, 80 Quinisextum Council in Trullo (691–2), 18, Villa of Eleutherios, 259 180, 214–15, 221, 224, 283, 356, 445 Crete, island of, 95 Sixth Ecumenical (680–1), 213, 214, 225, 251 Cyril, pt of Jerusalem, 417

Index 541

Dagron, Gilbert, 7, 128 George the Synkellos, 423, 433, 440 Dalmatos, abbot of Dalmatou (also called Germanos, pt of CP, 423 Dalmatios), 68–9, 74, 90, 91–2, 245, Gratisimos, monk and senator, 443 354, 410 Gregory, bp of Agrigentum, 240–1, 246, 248 Daniel, stylite of CP, 41, 90, 96, 104, 113–16, 125, Gregory, bp of Akritas, 437 128, 154, 159, 160, 245, 354, 400, 442 Gregory, monk of Dekapolis, 429, 430, 432 David, stylite of Thessaloniki, 41, 154, 170 Gregory, monk of Phlorou, 226, 227, 245, 248 Delouis, Olivier, 8 Gregory Pagourios, 440 Dios, abbot of Diou, 410 Grottaferrata, Church of S. Maria in, 427 doctrinal controversies, 37–8, 40, 140–3, 150, Gubazios, King of the Lazi, 114 213–15; see also monasticism, general: politics and politicization of Hadrianopolis (Paphlagonia), 195 Domnike, nun, 73 hagiography; see sources Dorothos, monastic leader of Gaza, 341–2 Haldon, John, 236, 246 Halmyrisse (town in Thrace), 66 Ecloga, 305 Harvey, Barbara, 19 Edessa, 106 Hausherr, Ire´ne´e, 20 Efthymiadis, Stephen, 12 Helena, daughter of Philaretos the Merciful, Egypt, including Alexandria, 30, 34, 64, 95, 123, and nun, 292 128, 143, 202, 232–8 Henotikon, 117–18, 125 Elm, Suzanna, 21 Henry III, Patrick, 21 English Monastic Archives, 19 Herakleios, emperor, 177, 213–14, 222, 224, Ephesus, Ecumenical Council of (431), 69, 88, 91 225, 226 Epiphanios, monk of Kallistratou, Heraklonas, emperor, 249 Euchologium; see Barber. gr. 336 Hermeias, monk of Stoudios, 272–3 Eudokia, abbess and motherof Nikephoros,pt of Herrin, Judith, 424 CP, 327 Hilarion, abbot of Dalmatou, 284, 322, 382–3, Eudoxia, empress, 75 389, 391, 403 Eulalios, bp of Chalcedon, 111 Hilarion, monastic leader of Palestine (also called Euphemia, nun and daughterof Philaretethe Hilarion the Great), 410 Merciful, 292 Homer, 435 Euphrosyne, abbess of Kloubiou, 265–7, 287, Honorius, emperor, 86 290, 308 Hunger, Herbert, 16, 424, 426 Euphrosyne, nun and daughter of Emperor Hypatios, abbot of the Rouphinianai, 69, 70, 71, Constantine V, 265 74, 80, 86, 90, 101, 111–12, 245, 354 Euphrosyne, wife of Emperor Michael II, and nun, 395, 448 Iconoclasm, 9, 239, 269, 272, 273, 278, 288, 299, Eustathios, bp of Sebasteia, 64 310, 313, 315, 320, 336, 352, 359, 366–7, Eustolia, nun of CP, 188, 190 373–93, 398, 404, 408, 411, 412, 431, 434, Euthymios, bp of Sardis, 381, 430, 432 440, 446, 448–9 Euthymios, monastic leaderof Palestine, 410 icons and icon worship, 179, 209, 376, 404–6, Eutyches, abbot of the Eutychous (also called 408–10; see also monasticism, CP: visual Job) in CP, 69, 70, 93, 110, 123, 353 arts of Eutychios, pt of CP, 151, 161, 185, 200 Ignatios, bp of Nicaea; see Ignatios the Deacon Evagrius Scholasticus, historian, 17 Ignatios I, pt of CP, 288, 328–30, 407, 440 Ignatios the Deacon (also called Ignatios, bp Facundus, bp of Hermiana, 135 of Nicaea) 286, 300, 423, 430, 432, 440 Faustos, abbot of Dalmatou, 91, 93 Ioannikios, hermit and monastic founder, 267, Fifth Ecumenical Council (553); see CP, church 271, 296, 306, 308, 326, 343, 355, 388, 391, councils 400, 432, 447, 451 Flavian, pt of CP, 122 Irene, abbess of Kloubiou, 266, 287, 290, 308 Irene, empress, 258, 308, 315–16, 318, 321, 338, 352, Gelasios, abbot in Palestine, 137 368, 398, 409, 446 George, monk of Mt. Auxentios, 305, 311 Isaak, guardian of Kloubiou, 306–8 George of Pisidia, 426 Isaak, monk of CP, 402

542 Index

Isaak, monk of Syria and CP, 66–8, 74, 81, patronage of monks, 46–7, 53, 143–5, 148, 156, 92, 400 164–6, 443 Isaiah, hermit of Nikomedia, 400, 402 Justinian II, emperor, 177, 180, 214–15, 222, Italy (including Rome), 86, 95, 370, 427; see also 226, 227 Rome kanoˆn, 425, 427 Janin, Raymond, 7, 106 Kassia, nun, 344, 407, 408, 424–8, 432, 440, 450 Jerusalem; see Palestine Kazhdan, Alexander, 12, 14, 220, 426, 428, 433 Job, monk of CP, 390–1 Konon, pt of Jerusalem, 202 John, abbot of Kathara, 391 Konstantine Kasymatas, abbot; see Anthony I, John, abbot of Theotokou ton Psicha, 277, 290, pt of CP 305, 435–6 kontakion/kontakia, 425, 427 John, founderof Chalkitos, 286, 291 Kosmas the Melode, 243 John, hermit of Mt. Auxentios, 239, 250, 279 Kountoura-Galakeˆ, Eleonora, 12, 271 John III Scholastic, pt of CP, 183–5, 199 Kyros, pt of CP and hermit of Amastris, 227, John IV the Faster, pt of CP, 185, 200 228, 251 John VII, Morocharzanios, pt of CP; see John Grammatikos Ladder of Paradise; see John Climacus John Climacus, 231 Lauxtermann, Marc, 424 Book of the Abbot, 229, 231 Lazaros, monk and artist, 404–6, 409, 440, 450 Ladder of Paradise, 19, 20, 229, 230–1 Lemerle, Paul, 12, 13, 408, 436 John Grammatikos (also called John VII, Leo I, emperor, 43, 113–14, 116, 160 Morocharzanios, pt of CP), 352, 375, Leo III, the Isaurian, emperor, 215, 258, 314 378–9, 391, 395, 409, 415, 423, 434–5, 440, Leo IV, emperor, 258, 286, 315 448, 450, 451 Leo V, the Armenian, emperor, 258, 265, 266, 316, John Kalybites, monk of CP, 85 374–6, 378, 389, 395, 398, 451 John Moschos, 231 Leo Skleros, imperial official, 265, 266 Spiritual Meadow, 13, 19, 20, 190, 229, Leo the Philosopher, 435 230–2 Leontios, emperor, 227, 303 John of Damascus, 417, 427 Leontios, eparch of CP, 111 John of Ephesus, 143, 147, 181, 203 Leontios, monk of Stoudios, 272–3, 372 Ecclestical History, 185, 186 Leontios of Byzantium, 137–8 Lives of the Eastern Saints, 13, 134–5, 146, 163 Leontios of Neapolis; see Vita of Gregory of John of Hephaestopolis, 143 Agrigentum John of Nikiu, historian, 224 Leroy, Julien, 18 John of Tella, monk and Monophysite leader Lives of the Eastern Saints; see John of Ephesus (also called John BarQursos), 56 Lucia, St., 432 Jonas, monk of Armenia and Thrace, 65–6, 75, Lycaonia, region of, 95 76, 77, 400 Joseph, bp of Thessaloniki, 289, 338, 340, 357, 381, Magdalino, Paul, 15 399, 424, 425, 426, 440, 451 Makarios, abbot of Pelekete, 283, 344, 402, 415 Joseph, priest and abbot of Kathara, 368, Makedonios I, pt of CP, 63–4, 353 382, 448 Makedonios II, pt of CP, 126 Joseph Affair, 368, 371–2, 395, 448 Malalas, John, historian, 16 Joseph the Hymnographer, 424, 425, 440 Mango, Cyril, 8, 14, 433 Judean Desert; see Palestine Manuscripts Juliana, Monophysite nun, 198 Athos, Pantokrator 61, 413 Justin I, emperor, 117, 127, 141, 150 Moscow, Hist. Mus. cod. 129, 413 Justin II, emperor, 181, 183–5, 188, 189, 197, 202 Ottob. gr. 86, 417 Justinian I, emperor, 28–9, 59, 127, 135–6 Paris coisl. 269, 417 Corpus Juris Civilis, 18 Paris coisl. gr. 20, 417 and the Fifth Ecumenical (553), 140–3, 150 Paris gr. 20, 413 monastic reforms and policies, 27–9, 45–57, Paris gr. 437, 417 135–6, 146, 153–4, 166–7, 444 Patmos, Mon. St. John, cod. 171, 412, 413 Novellae, 18, 28, 51 Petropol. gr. 219, 417

Index 543

Vat. gr. 749, 412, 413 secularization of, 221–2, 235 Vat. gr. 1291, 434 villas and estates converted into, 61, 72, 77, 187, Vat. gr. 2625, 417 189, 200, 305 MarMare,Monophysite monk, 142, 145, 146–7 monasteries, CP, by name (including hinterland) Marathonios, bp of Nikomedia, 63–4, 353, Abramiou, 317 452, 454 Abramiton, 188 Marcian, emperor, 39 Agathou, 321 Maria, nun and sister of nun Megalo, 285, 291 Aigyption (also called ‘‘of the Egyptians’’), Marin, Euge`ne, 7 191, 197 Markellos, abbot of Akoimetai, 74, 86–8, 90, Akoimetai, 70–1, 78–9, 88, 102–4, 106–8, 109, 102–4, 106–8, 112–14, 245 110–11, 112–14, 117, 121–3, 127, 141, 149, 152, Martina, wife and niece of Herakleios, 222 168–9, 353, 442 Matrona, abbess of Matrones, 90, 95–100, 106, Alexandrias, 73 108, 126, 245 Andreou (near Daniel en to Stylo), 106 Maurice, emperor, 177, 181, 185, 206 Andreou en te Krisei, 285 Maximos the Confessor, 20, 139–40, 213, 223–4, Anina, 218 225, 226, 245, 247, 445 Auxentiou, 95–6, 127, 218, 239 Megalo, wife of Theophanes the Confessor, and Bassianou, 95–6, 100–1, 103, 108, 109, 117, 127 nun, 285, 291, 293, 308, 446 Chalkitou, 286 memoritai, 104 Chora, 15, 155–60, 161–4, 165, 167, 218, 240, Menas, abbot of CP, 139, 226, 227, 248 268–9, 274, 320, 322, 335, 336, 392, 449 Mesopotamia, monasticism in, 46 Chrysonikes, 321 Messalianism, 64 Dagistheou, 374 Methodios, pt of CP, 269, 284, 309, 382, 391, Dalmatiou, 105 392–3, 400, 412–13, 423, 430, 432, 440, Dalmatou, 66, 67, 78, 81, 89, 91–3, 105, 126, 448, 450, 451 127, 153–5, 158, 218, 240, 284, 320, 321–2, metochion/metochia, 105, 155, 323; see also 364, 442, 449 monasticism, CP: federations and Daniel en to Stylo, 96, 106 monastic networks Diou, 78, 89, 117, 127 Meyendorff, John, 140 Domnikes, 73 Michael, bp of Synnada, 284, 356–8 Echekollas, 371 Michael, founderof Theotokou ton Psicha, 285 Eumeneias; see Homonoias Michael I, Rhangabe, emperor, 258, 265, 266, Eustolias, 188 308, 316, 328, 352, 368, 373, 398, 451 Eutychous (also called Job), 109, 110–11, Michael II, emperor, 316, 378, 384, 387, 389, 121–3, 442 395, 448 Georgiou tou Sykeotou, 218 Michael Lachonodrakon, imperial servant, 363 Haghion; see Tarasiou Michael the Synkellos (also called Michael, abbot Homonoias (also called Eumeneias), 283 of Chora), 267–9, 277, 322, 336, 390, 392, Kalamiou and Kalamiou tou kato, 105 413, 440, 448 Kallistratou, 187, 189, 226, 364 miniscule writing, 415–16; see also monasticism, Kloubiou, 266–7, 306–8, 321 CP: book copying and scriptoria Kosma kai Damianou, 166 Miracles of Artemios, 243 Leonton, 266 Moechian Controversy (also called ‘‘Moicheian’’ Mama, 164, 371 or ‘‘Adultery’’ Controversy), 368, 371, MarMare, 146–7 395, 448 of Martinas and Heraklonas, 218 Moffat, Ann, 12 Matrones, 96–100, 108, 117, 127, 149 monasteries, CP Maximinou, 364 exarchs, archons and archimandrites of, 153–4, Metanoias, 164 199, 226, 272 Monokioniou, 218 foundation, rules for, 319 Narses, 188, 189 onomastics of, 61 Olympiades, 72–4, 78, 80, 89, 96–8, 144, 166, prisons associated with, 186, 201–2, 227, 249, 189, 443 269, 395 Paulopetrion, 284 rents and property, 149, 156, 305, 350 Petrou kai Paulou, 188

544 Index

monasteries, CP, by name (cont.) 353, 388, 402, 430, 431, 445, 447, 449; see Philippikou, 188, 189, 335 also governance and rules within below Philippou en to Brephotropheio, 160 book copying and scriptoria, 2, 42–3, 112–13, Philomeliou, 374 240, 413–19, 421, 422, 440 Phlorou, 187, 189, 227, 284, 364 charity and social services associated with, 64, Phoberou, 404 73, 103, 127–9, 146–8, 156, 159–60, 169, Plakidias, 218, 223 208, 267, 305, 367, 394, 444 Prodromou en to Mikro Bathei, 106 cultural activities of, 129–30, 208, 240, 275, Romaion, 105 309, 341, 345, 394, 404–40, 450; see also Romaion en to Petrio, 187 architecture of; educational standards Rouphinianai, 77, 80, 81, 83, 89, 93, 101, 111–12, and activities, literary activity, visual arts; 127, 149, 159 diplomatic responsibilities and initiatives of, Satyros, 329 202–3 Sergios and Bakkhos, 164, 218, 240, 278, 335, disposition toward secular world and popular 350, 371, 375, 378, 392, 435 culture, 111–12, 233, 235, 236, 237, 362–5 Sergiou, 143, 144 double monasteries, 108–10, 202, 237, 295, 321; Stoudios, 6, 17, 102–3, 107, 127, 189, 218, 240, see also family foundations and networks 264, 274–6, 282, 290, 320, 322–4, 336–43, below 348–9, 350, 351, 354–5, 368, 373, 383–8, 391, ecclesiastical relations of, 63–4, 67–9, 75, 76, 408, 410, 412, 413–19, 426, 428, 436–7, 86, 103, 111–12, 139–40, 160–4, 201–5, 222, 447, 448–9 248–51, 261, 294, 317–19, 373, 393–4, 443, Tarasiou (also called Haghion), 317, 321, 451; see also politics and politicization of 332, 409 below Theodoriou, 321 economics of, 77–9, 81, 146, 148, 156, 169, 184, Theodorou, 283 208, 219, 293, 294, 306, 319, 323, 327, 332, Theodotes, 73 333, 335, 336, 340, 343, 346, 348–51; see also Theotokou en te Pemptou Porta, 292 monks, CP: manual labor, alms and Theotokou tes Peges, 166, 169, 206, 218, 241, donations to 243, 245, 278, 350, 409 educational standards and activities, 75, 131, Theotokou ton Kyron, 78 138, 208, 240, 275, 309, 341, 345, 419–22, Theotokou ton Psicha, 277, 285 435–6, 451 Trichinareas, 95–6, 99, 292 factionalism within, 118–26, 150, 167, 233, 347, Xerokopiou, 284 370–2, 373, 374, 383; see also politics and monasteries, general politicization of below exarchs, archons and archimandrites family foundations and networks, 69, 83, 108, of, 51–2 165, 187, 189, 227, 235, 287, 289–94, 295, immunities and tax privileges of, 40, 53 307–10, 308, 327, 330, 331–4, 338, 345, prisons associated with, 51 385–7, 443, 447 secularization of, 235 federations and monastic networks within, monasteries, general, by name (see also Bithynia) 105, 111, 292, 298, 323–4, 327–30, 355, 368, Byzantinon, 188 370, 446 Catherine’s, St., on Mt. Sinai, 46, 53, 231, 409 genderpatternsin, 64, 72–4, 96–8, 108, 156, Dareira (alt. D’ryr), 143 169, 185, 234, 236, 293 Great Lavra in Judea, 42–3, 268, 437 general internal and institutional affairs of, New Monastery, 202 65, 92, 103–5, 127, 187–94, 232–42, 261–2, Raithenu, 231 310, 319 Scete Desert, 232–8 geography of, 59, 80–2, 88, 95, 105, 143–4, 210, St. Sabas (see Great Lavra in Judea) 239–40 monasticism, CP governance and rules within, 98–9, 100–2, age profiles of, 217, 236–7, 263, 265, 266, 267, 104–5, 148, 152–60, 194–8, 199, 237, 287, 420 238–9, 241, 267, 276, 294, 296, 306, 318, architecture of, 290, 332, 420 319, 323, 329, 330–43, 344, 346–7, 350, 351, ascesis and individual discipline, 68, 104–5, 130, 354, 407, 408, 426, 443, 447; see also 146, 147, 148, 154, 156, 158–9, 169, 197, 199, ascesis and individual discipline above 235, 238–9, 263, 319, 330–1, 339, 340, 343–7, guardian relationships within, 304–10

Index 545

habits (clothes) of, 100, 198, 236 disposition toward secular world and popular imperial contacts and petitions, 66, 67–71, 75, culture, 236, 237 86–8, 113–15, 120, 141–5, 146, 153–4, 160, doctrinal positions of, 37–8, 40, 213–15 162–4, 165–6, 170, 183–5, 187–9, 201–5, double monasteries, 49, 54, 108–10, 195, 235, 293, 222, 224, 226–8, 248–51, 261, 314–17, 325, 319; see also family component to below 335–8, 352, 363, 369, 373, 394–9, 406, 443, ecclesiastical relations of, 35–41, 48, 52, 64, 220; 451; see also politics and politicization of see also politics and politicization of below; Justinian I, monastic reforms and economics of, 9, 32, 46, 293, 294, 319 policies eremitic, 31, 42, 49–50 literary activity, 129–30, 422–36, 450 family component to, 34, 48–9, 235, 281, 287, liturgy, prayer and ceremonies in, 70, 102–3, 289–94, 331, 345 128–9, 203, 236, 241, 319, 330, 331–4, 341, federations and monastic networks within, 344, 346, 348, 407, 411, 422, 436–9, 444 326–7 missionary activities of, 66–7, 70, 143 genderpatternsin, 33, 49, 64, 195, 236, 293, 349 patronage of, 2, 60–1, 66, 67, 77, 79–80, 83, geography of, 30–1, 32, 33, 35–41 109, 120, 143–5, 148, 160, 164–6, 184, governance and rules within, 49, 54, 194–6, 231, 187–9, 261, 284–6, 314–19, 332, 335–8, 349, 237, 319; see also monasticism, CP: ascesis 404, 443 and individual discipline in pilgrims and pilgrim shrines and, 128, 349 habits (clothes) of, 229, 236 politics and politicization of, 67–71, 91, 92, 93, imperial contacts and petitions, 37, 120, 110–27, 136–43, 146, 150–2, 162–4, 167, 206, 207 182, 222, 234, 337, 358–93, 395–9, 413, 417, and imperial law, 40–1; see also Justinian I, 426, 427, 431, 444, 447–9 monastic reforms and policies of popular support for and attitudes toward internal and institutional affairs of, 42–3, monks in, 23, 71, 81–2, 138, 170–1, 186, 48–50, 228–32, 319 223, 246, 247, 249–51, 351–2, 354–6, 365, laura (laurai), 31 400–3, 447, 453 liturgy, prayer and ceremonies in, 49, 195, 230, population statistics of, by numberof 231, 236, 319, 344 individuals, 72, 76, 77–8, 89, 93, 109, patronage of, 46–7, 53, 120, 206, 207 144, 155, 208, 216–18, 268, 274, 319, 322–6, and pilgrimage, 32, 43 368, 445 politics and politicization of, 37–8, 50, 51–2, population statistics of, by numberof 55–6 institutions, 89, 94–5, 98, 109, 144, 187, popular support for, 45, 53, 365 208, 216–19, 319, 321 population statistics of, 33, 49, 57, 281, 286, sexual concerns within, 294, 297, 333, 345 314, 319 social class profile of, 74, 130–1, 165, 187–9, 192, social class profile of, 34–5, 39, 48, 236, 270, 345 193, 228, 236, 244–5, 263, 264–89, 310, 325, social networks and alliances, 56, 237, 334, 345, 351, 357, 407, 440, 446 289–94, 367 social networks and alliances, 67, 72, 84–8, 154, stylites and dentrites, 41 163, 206, 226–8, 233, 235, 237, 243, 247, monks, CP 249, 264, 269, 307–10, 355, 370, 385–7, alms and donations to, 148, 149, 166 427, 447 burial and relics of, 192, 225 visual arts of, 404–6, 408, 412–13, 440 commerce with lay people, 4, 66, 67, 69, 150–1, monasticism, general 167–9, 224, 233, 242–8, 367, 400–3, 451; age profiles of, 217, 236–7, 287 see also wandering or stabilitas loci below; apotactic, 64 monasticism, CP: social networks and ascesis and individual discipline in, 7, 54, 75, alliances 194–6, 229–30, 319, 430, 431 ethnic origins and provenance of, 74–5, 95–6, coenobitic, 31, 42–3, 49–50 114, 118–21, 143–50, 170, 190, 192, 193, charity and social services associated with, 217–18, 245–8, 263–4, 265, 267, 272, 322, 43–4, 51, 64, 128, 230 324–5, 390, 400, 407, 446–7 and Council of Chalcedon; see Chalcedon, friendships; see monasticism, CP:, social Ecumenical Council of (451), networks and alliances cultural and educational activities, 195, 230, immigration and emmigration; see ethnic 243, 268 origins and provenance of above

546 Index

monks, CP (cont.) mission work of, 147 manual labor, 101, 146, 198, 238, 346, 348–9 and monasticism, 5, 47 miracles and prophecies of, 70, 85, 115, 166, and ordination to holy orders, 161 187, 206, 207, 225, 243, 250–1, 355, 374, patronage of and support for in CP, 47, 142, 395, 402 143–5, 148, 164, 184 and ordination to holy orders, 83–4, 97, 160–2, persecution of, 55–6, 181, 183–6, 197, 198, 203–5, 226, 279, 318, 394, 403, 451 201–2, 353, 442, 443 persecution and punishment of, 71, 119, 121, social networks and alliances of, 163 123, 168–9, 223, 265–7, 269, 315, 353, 359, settlements in CP of, 142, 143–50, 183–6, 368, 377–9, 382, 384, 387, 389–91, 404, 245, 442 443, 449 wandering of, 55 recruitment of and admission policies for, Morris, Rosemary, 8, 298–9, 441 236–7, 241, 271–3, 279, 287, 298, 324–5, 330, 331–4, 345, 349, 365, 443 Narses, imperial servant and monastic spiritual counseling, relationships and founder, 188 networks, 70, 84–8, 128, 206, 207, 228, Naukratios, abbot of Stoudios, 279, 306, 320, 338, 295–300, 307–10, 339, 355, 370, 385–7, 340, 351, 385–6 394, 427, 447, 451 Neilos, monk of Egypt and CP, 188 wandering or stabilitas loci of, 200, 234, 238, Nektarios, monk of Stoudios, 272–3 243, 345, 347 Nestorios, pt of CP, 68–9, 92 monks, general Byzantine Nicaea burial and relics of, 207, 225 Seventh Ecumenical (787), 18, 293, 318–19, 333, church council and synod participation of, 53 342, 345, 347, 356, 366, 371, 394, 430, 431 commerce with lay people, 44 Nike Revolt, 3, 135, 150–1 and forced migration, 217–18 Nikephoros, abbot of Medikion, 283, 291, maltreatment of, 50–1 429, 430 manual labor, 229–30 Nikephoros I, emperor, 258, 265, 266, 270, 316, miracles and prophecies of, 40, 44, 225 368, 369, 373, 395, 398 and ordination to holy orders, 36–7, 49, Nikephoros I, pt of CP 203, 268 life and career, 294, 321, 327–8, 332, 345, 352, persecution and punishment of, 52, 55–6, 278, 357, 368, 369, 375, 379, 423, 430, 432, 281, 286, 363, 377–9, 382, 389–91 446, 448 recruitment of and admission policies for, 39, Short History, 16, 215 40, 46, 48, 218, 236–7, 268, 287, 345, 365 Niketas I, pt of CP, 272, 352 spiritual counseling, relationships and Niketas of Amnia, 13, 423, 430, 440 networks, 230 Niketas the Patrician, monk, 270, 308 spirituality of, 20–1 Nikolas, abbot of Stoudios, 277, 292, 339, 351, theology of, 20–1 417, 420, 422, 440 wandering or stabilitas loci, 39, 48, 54–5, Nikolas, monk, 270 200, 345 Nikomedia, 59, 63, 356, 451 monophysites alms and donations to, 148 oikonomia, 377 ascesis, discipline and governance, 146, 147, oikonomos, monastic office of, 156, 340 148, 158–9, 445 Oliva, Marilyn, 19 ascetical endeavors of, 146, 147, 445 Olympias, abbess of Olympiades, 67, 72–4, 96–8, charity and social services associated with, 245, 443 146–8, 159–60, 169, 445 On Political Science, 29 church politics in CP of, 110, 116, 118, 119–20, Origenist Controversy, 135, 136–40 125–6, 134–5, 136, 142–50, 162–3, 183–6 convents, 185 Pachomios, monastic founderof Egypt, 31, 341 economic activities of, 146 Palestine (including Jerusalem and Judea), 30, 32, imperial contacts with and petitions, 2, 13, 34, 42–3, 46, 53, 64, 100, 128, 136, 149, 202, 162–3, 164, 165, 167 370, 407 independent church of, 55–6 Pancratius, stylite, 137 manual laborand, 146, 148 Pargoire, Jules, 7

Index 547

Paschal I, pope of Rome, 389 Sabbatios, monk; see Symbatios Patapios, hermit and monastic founder, 190–3, Sacra Parallela; see John of Damascus 196–7, 207–8 Saturninus, senator and monastic patron, 66, 67 Patlagean, Evelyne, 12 Satyros, monastery of; see Chalcedon, Patria Konstantinoupoleos, 62 monasteries Patrikios, caesar under Leo I, 113–14 Sergios, Monophysite monk and synkellos, 181 Paul, monk of Kallistratou, 226, 227, 228, 245, Sergios, pt of CP, 213, 226 248, 303, 434 Sˇevcˇenko, Igor, 11 Paul IV, pt of CP, 284 Severos, pt of Antioch, 120–1, 125 Paul of Antioch, Monophysite leader, 184 Sherry, Lee E., 12 Pegasios, monk of Stoudios, 272–3 Silvanos, monk of Stoudios, 384 Perge, 96 Simocatta, Theophylakt, historian, 17 Peter, bp of Atroa, 271, 326 Sixth Ecumenical Council (680–1); see, CP, Peter, stylite of CP, 364 church councils Peter, ‘‘the Fuller,’’ pt of Antioch, 112 Sopatra, nun of CP, 188 Phebronia, nun, 422 Sophia, empress and wife of Justin II, 188, 189 Philaretos the Merciful, 285, 292, 430 Sophronios, pt of Jerusalem, 182 Philippikos, brother of Emperor Maurice, 188 sources (see also under individual authors and Philippikos, emperor, 227, 303 titles) Phloros, monastic founder, 187 availability and limitations of, 8, 19–20, 72, 74, Phokas, emperor, 177, 213, 222 102, 133–5, 163, 167, 190, 194–6, 198–9, Photeinos, fatherof Theodoreof Stoudios and 216, 217, 221, 222, 244, 270, 360–4, 454 monk, 289 church canons, 18, 199–200, 345; see also Photeinos, soldier, senator and monk, 202–3 Councils, church Phrygia, 95 hagiography, 9–15, 65, 69, 102, 133–5, 146, Plato, abbot of Symbols and Sakkoudion, 2, 156–8, 163, 190, 191–3, 244, 276, 355–6, 280–2, 289, 308, 313, 314, 331, 355, 356, 367, 423, 428–32, 440 371, 407, 415–16, 428, 440, 447, 451 histories and chronicles, 2, 16–17, 185, 186, 215, Plato and Platonic studies, 434, 436 423, 432, 440 Polychronios, monk, 225 hymnography and poetry, 2, 18–19, 46, Pontus, 106 129–30, 275–6, 386, 408, 422, 423, 424–8, Pratsch, Thomas, 289, 290 432, 440 proasteion, 189 legal, 18, 305 Procopios, historian, 16, 17 letters, 18–19, 267, 275, 300, 301–3, 309, 386, Prokopia, wife of Emperor Michael I 411, 417, 427–8 Rhangabe, 329 and methodology, 8–20 Ps. Dionysios the Areopagite, 29, 417 monastic rules, 194, 196, 197, 344, 427 Ptolemy, 434 oral, 193, 195, 197 Pyrrhos, pt of CP, 222, 226, 227, 228, 228, 245, panegyric works, 440 248, 251 poetry; see hymnography and poetry above scientific and philosophic treatises, 434–5 Quinisextum Council; see CP, church council; sermons, 18–19, 275, 297, 339, 417, 423, 427 Trullo, Council of (691–2), theological works, 179 Sˇpidlik, Toma´ˇs, 20 Raboula, monk of CP, 106, 190 Spiritual Meadow; see John Moschos Rapp, Claudia, 11 Stephen, bp of Surozh, 246, 248 renunciation, 3, 64 Stephen, monk of Chenolakkos, 245, 247 Romanos the Melode, 129 Stephen, Monophysite bp of Amida, 143 Rome, church and popes of, 123, 240–2, 370, 413, Stephen the Deacon; see Vita of Stephen the 427; see also Italy Younger, Rousseau, Philip, 31–2 Stephen the Younger, monk, 239, 245, 277, 279, 281, 296, 303, 309, 313, 355, 362–3, 364, Sabas, abbot of Great Lavra, 42–3, 100, 120, 136, 403, 415, 429, 430–1, 437 154, 170–1, 310, 341, 354, 410 Symbatios, 374 Sabas, abbot of Stoudios, 290, 337–8, 366–7 Symeon, monk of CP, 372

548 Index

Symeon, stylite of CP, 356 Theodote, sisterof Stephen the Younger,and Symeon, stylite of Lesbos (also called, Symeon, nun, 295, 309 abbot of Sergios and Bakkos), 278, 392 Theodotos, imperial servant and monk, 226, 227, Symeon the Elder, stylite of Antioch, 41, 228, 245, 248 116, 128 Theodotos I, pt of CP, 376 Symeon the Younger, stylite of Antioch, 195 Theodoulos, monk and artist, 409 Syracuse, 284 Theoktiste, motherof Theodoreof Stoudios, and Syria (including Antioch), 30, 34, 43, 46, 64, 95, nun, 289, 308, 399, 428 128, 155, 203 Theophanes, bp of Nicaea (also called Theophanes Graptos) 268, 322, 390–1, Tall Brothers, monks of Egypt, 75, 76 392, 400, 440, 448 Tarasios I, pt of CP, 279, 284, 317–19, 332, 338, Theophanes, monk of Stoudios, 292 357, 371, 372, 392, 410, 430, 446 Theophanes Continuatus, historian, 16 Thaddaios, monk of Stoudios, 265, 273, 351, 421 Theophanes the Confessor, abbot of Megas Thekla, empress, 265, 266 Agros Theodora, empress and wife of Justinian, 28, life and career, 283, 290, 293, 308, 314, 326, 331, 46–7, 52, 140–3 372, 382, 415, 446 Theodora, empress and wife of Theophilos, writings of and sources about, 2, 16, 17, 423, 391, 402 428, 429, 430, 432, 433, 440, 450 Theodore, abbot of Chora, 155–60, 161–4, Theophilos, emperor, 316, 379, 382, 389–91, 404 197, 245 Theophilos, pt of Alexandria, 75 Theodore, abbot of Stoudios, 2, 3–4, 6, 20, 21, Theophylaktos, bp of Nikomedia, 277, 279, 284, 265, 266, 267, 269, 289, 290, 296, 297, 356–8, 400, 451 301–3, 305, 308, 308, 331, 337–8, 352, 356, Thessaloniki, 41, 451 399, 403, 411, 436, 446, 451, 451, 454 Thomas, John, 334 cultural and literary activity, 407, 409, 410, Thomas, pt of CP, 206, 207 416, 423, 424, 425, 426–8, 432, 434, 436, Thomas the Slav, 387, 423 439, 450 Thrace, 95, 143 epigrams, poetry, hymnography, 130, 275–6, Thrakesion, theme of, 363 386, 425, 426–8 Tiberios I, emperor, 181, 185, 186 hagiographic texts by and about, 355, 423, 428 Timothy ("the Cat"), pt of Alexandria, 119 letters, 18, 267, 275, 300, 301–3, 309, 386, 411, Titos, monk of Stoudios, 292 417, 427–8 Trishagion, hymn of, 118 liturgical reforms, 436–7 Trullo, Council of (691–2); see CP, church monastic reforms of, 229, 274, 304, 314, 320, councils 338–42, 344, 351, 354–5, 383, 426, 436, 447 monastic rules, 344, 427 Uspensky Gospel; see manuscripts, Petropol. gr. 219 panegyrical works, 427 political campaigns of, 366, 367–70, 371, Valens, emperor, 66–7 373–4, 375, 377, 383–8, 395–9, 426, 427, Valentinus, pretender to imperial throne, 249 448–9 Van Uytfanghe, Marc, 10–11 sermons (catecheseis), 18, 275, 297, 339, 417, 423, Victor, senator and monastic patron, 66, 67 427, 428 Vigilius, pope of Rome, 135, 151 Theodore I, pt of Jerusalem, 268 Vincomalos (also called Bigkomalos), monk and Theodore Askidas, bp of Caesarea in senator, 2, 48, 443 Cappadocia, 137–8 Virgin Mary, cult of, 179, 209 Theodore Graptos, monk, 268, 322, 390–1, Vita of Euthymios of Sardis, 430, 432 400, 448 Vita of George of Amastris, 430, 432 Theodore of Sykeon, monk, 55, 187, 194–6, 206, Vita of Gregory of Agrigentum, 240–1 207, 219, 225, 304, 354, 410, 445 Vita of Gregory of Dekapolis, 429, 430, 432 Theodosios, monastic leaderin Judea, 100, Vita of Hilarion of Dalmatos, 429 154, 341 Vita of John Kalybites, 13 Theodosios, Monophysite bp of Alexandria, 143 Vita of John of Gotthia, 430 Theodosios I, emperor, 59 Vita of Markellos of the Akoimetai, 102 Theodosios II, emperor, 69, 86 Vita of Martyrs of Sabas, 429

Index 549

Vita of Michael the Synkellos, 267 Vita of Stephen the Younger, 239, 303, 355, 429, Vita of Nikephoros of Medikion, 429 430–1 Vita of Nikephoros, pt of CP, 430, 432 Vita of Tarasios, pt of CP, 430, 432 Vita of Niketas of Medikion, 429 Vita of Theodore of Chora, 13, 14–15, 133–4, 156–8, Vita of Nikolas of Myra, 432 163, 164 Vita of Patapios, 191–3; see also Andrew, bp Vita of Theophanes the Confessor, 429, 432 of Crete Vitae of Patapios, 13 Vita of Peter of Atroa, 430 Vita of Philaretos, 13, 430 Z’ura, Monophysite anchorite, 142, 145, 150, 160, Vita of Romanos the Martyr, 429 168, 443 Vita of Stephen of Sabas, 429 Zeno, emperor, 114, 125, 189