Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 1.0 Introduction

Table of Contents

1.0 Introducon 4

2.0 Turner Valley Historical Context Paper 9

3.0 List of Historic Places 31

4.0 Dra Statements of Significance 35

5.0 Resource Evaluaons 55

6.0 Preventave Measure Recommendaons 75

Appendix A: Sites Not Recommended for Inventory or Designaon 83

A special thank you to Jonathan Yuen, Development Officer/Planner with the Town of Turner Valley, and members of the Oilfields Society for their assistance in collecon of informaon on the enclosed sites, and to Robert Earley for his contribuons to the research and preparaon of this document.

Merinda J. Conley, CET, MRAIC, MAAA (Int.) January 14, 2011

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 3 1.0 Introduction Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places

Introduction The Town of Turner Valley was success- ment on the Alberta and Canadian Reg- of the Town, including local history, ful in making applicaon to Alberta isters of Historic Places. events and trends that may contrib- Culture and Community Spirit’s Munici- ute to the Town’s heritage. pal Heritage Partnership Program Project Objecves  Undertake addional research on (MHPP) to receive funding for the un- The primary objecves of the Inventory the selected historic resources to dertaking of the Downtown Turner of Heritage Places within the Downtown obtain a greater depth of history Valley Municipal Heritage Inventory of Turner Valley are to undertake the for each historic place. Project. The project is equally funded following: by the municipality as a requirement to  Prepare a dra Statement of Signifi- match the MHPP contribuon.  Review the Places of Interest List cance (SoS) for each of the historic

(POIL) provided by Turner Valley, resources, as well as the assess- The purpose of the Inventory of Histor- based on the depth of the history ment process in accordance with ic Places is to apply provincially struc- available and the tombstones pro- the principles and pracces arcu- tured criteria to determine the signifi- vided on any site surveys done previ- lated in Creang a Future for Alber- cance and integrity of potenal historic ously. ta’s Historic Places: Idenfying, resources in the area. The criteria en- Evaluang, Managing by the His- sures that all sites are evaluated equal-  Select historic resources from the toric Resources Management ly and, based on a systemac assess- POIL that carry significant history Branch. ment, results in a collecon of infor- and informaon, and assess eligibil- maon that meets the documentaon ity, significance, and integrity of each  Provide a final report that includes requirements for inclusion on the Al- site in accordance with the evalua- the context paper, a list of historic berta and Canadian Register of Historic on criteria developed by the Munic- resources in the Inventory of His- Places. ipal Heritage Partnership Program toric Places, all dra Statements of

(MHPP) to determine placement Significance for each resource The project began in July 1, 2010, and within the Turner Valley Downtown listed, assessment documentaon was scheduled for final compleon by Inventory of Historic Places. evaluang all resources in the in- January 14, 2011. The inial phase in- ventory, as well as other supporng cluded the confirmaon of the Places  Prepare a detailed context paper of documentaon. of Interest List (POIL) with the repre- the region in order to understand sentaves from both the municipality the important themes in the history and the Turner Valley Oilfields Society. Public engagement followed to solicit the community’s priories as well as provide further insight into the historic resources to be evaluated. During the Inventory stage, the resources listed on the POIL were evaluated and assessed for the ability to convey significance and integrity. A total of fourteen (14) potenal historic places met assess- ment criteria and were researched fur- ther to develop a dra Statement of Significance for each historic place. This process helps to idenfy sites having municipal significance. From this list, it is determined which sites are signifi- cant, have integrity, and meet the standard requirements for placement on the inventory and eligibility for mu- nicipal designaon, and then place-

4 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 1.0 Introduction

Role of the Turner Valley maon necessary for site clarificaons, all historic places are evaluated. It pro- mapping, legal and municipal address- vides the paerns, themes, or trends Oilfield Society es, and for aendance at the Open that help understand the significance Members of the Turner Valley Oilfield Houses. of a historic place, and its “place” in Society provided guidance and input in the overall development of the region. idenfying potenal historic places Descripon of Report The context paper provides “a sense of that would then be placed on the in- place” to the region by illustrang the ventory. Their engagement involved Content blueprint of development and how the product review facilitated by the The following describes the content of historic places included in this invento- Town of Turner Valley. The Society the final report as presented in this ry connect with the town’s growth assisted with idenfying a Places of document. The report is organized to over me. Reading the context paper Interest List (POIL) by way of placards provide the reader with an overview of gives one a beer understanding of the on the face of specific buildings, and the context of the Town of Turner Val- town’s environment and background provided documentaon specific to ley , the locaons of the fourteen (14) prior to reviewing individual State- various sites in the community. sites researched, dra Statements of ments of Significance. Significance for each of the nine (9) Role of the Town of Turner sites evaluated to have significance and integrity, a detailed resource assess- Maps of Historic Places Valley Project Manager ment for each of the nine sites, and Placed in Inventory Jonathan Yuen, ACP, MCIP, was the preventave measures to provide im- The locaon of the nine (9) historic designated Project Manager for this mediate protecon for the nine sites. places included in this inventory and project. Jonathan provided overall sup- An appendix contains an addional five provided with dra Statements of Sig- port to the team in the form of inter- (5) sites not recommended for inclu- nificance, are idenfied on a map of mient work space and meeng space; sion in the Inventory, and thus not eli- the Town of Turner Valley shown on Open House accommodaon; contacts gible for designaon. However, dra page 34. The addional five (5) sites in with local newspapers, residents, and Statements of Significance and corre- the appendix are also shown on this the Oilfields Society; cost of newspaper sponding assessments for these sites map for reference. arcles; refreshments for all meengs have been included reference. and public gatherings; and a liaison between his office and the Oilfields Dra Statements of Society board members. Turner Valley Significance Context Paper Aer assessing the historic places Mr. Yuen was instrumental in providing The Turner Valley context paper helps based on the MHPP evaluaon criteria, the team access to municipal infor- to establish the framework from which Statements of Significance for nine (9) resources were draed and are includ- ed in this document, and have been prepared for inclusion in the Town’s Inventory of Historic Places. These nine (9) sites were assessed to retain signifi- cance and integrity, and are therefore potenally eligible for municipal desig- naon.

The Statement of Significance is prepared in three parts:

1. Descripon of resource 2. Heritage value 3. Character-defining elements

The resource descripon is brief gen- eral statement about what the re- source consists of, its size, as well as

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 5 1.0 Introduction Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places any other principal contribung re- cluded site and of what type, and the seven “aspects of integrity”: sources. whether the resource is a type providing an excepon from exclusion. 1. Locaon The heritage value statement describes 2. Design the aesthec, historic, scienfic, cultur- Assessing the significance of a resource 3. Environment al, social or spiritual importance of the requires that the site meet at least one 4. Materials resource, and speaks to the resource’s criterion of the significance criteria as 5. Workmanship significance in past, current, or future follows: 6. Feeling generaons. 7. Associaon A. Theme/Acvity/Cultural Lastly, character-defining elements Pracce/Event These seven aspects help to determine idenfy the most important features of B. Instuon/Person if the resource is sll in its original loca- the resource that contribute to its her- C. Design/Style/Construcon on; whether the combinaon of all itage value. Such elements consist of a D. Informaon Potenal design elements such as form, plan, descripon of materials, forms, scale, E. Landmark/Symbolic Value space, structure and style of the re- massing, locaon, uses over me, and source are sll retained; whether par- cultural associaons or other signifi- A context statement for the individual cular environmental elements such as cant associaons that add to the value resource is then draed to understand topographical features, vegetaon, of the resource. why the resource is significant under manmade features, adjacencies and each criterion selected. Similar to the spaal relaonships between the re- It is important to note that the charac- Town’s context paper, the context state- source and other features or open ter-defining elements described in ment explains the role of the resource in space, as well as the character of the each Statement of Significance provide relaon to the broader historical trends street, the parcular neighbourhood, guidance and direcon to resource while drawing on specific facts about or the wider area; whether the materi- owners, planners, architects, historical the resource and the community. The als and layered interacon related to sociees, and anyone else who may be resource is also assessed for its munici- its period of significance are sll pre- involved in preparing a rehabilitaon, pal significance and must exhibit strong sent; whether there is physical evi- restoraon, or preservaon proposal documented associaon with one or dence of the original workmanship and for the parcular historic resource. more of the Significance Criteria to be cra of the given period; whether the eligible. The context statement for the resource connues to convey its aes- resource is then used to develop the thec or historical sense of the given Resource Assessments Statement of Significance for that same period; and, whether there is a direct Assessing each historic resource fol- resource. associaon with a significant historical lows the evaluaon criteria set out by theme, acvity, event, instuon, or the Historic Resources Management Finally, the integrity assessment in- person. Branch within Creang a Future for volves a descripon of the resource’s Alberta’s Historic Places: Idenfying, character-defining elements in terms of The compleon of the assessment pro- Evaluang, Managing. materials, forms, scale, massing, loca- cess results in a file compleon that on, uses over me, and cultural associ- confirms whether the resource is to be The process follows three specific aons or other significant associaons included in the Turner Valley Heritage steps: that add to the value of the resource. Inventory Report, and also whether the These elements must sll exist for the resource retains enough integrity to be 1. Eligibility assessment resource to retain its heritage value. It is eligible for designaon. 2. Significance assessment important to note that not all the histor- 3. Integrity assessment ic features need to sll exist in order for The Appendix of this document con- the resource to retain integrity; howev- tains five (5) sites assessed to not con- The eligibility assessment determines if er, it must sll contain the essenal tain the integrity required to be includ- the resource is eligible for inclusion on physical features that help to convey ed on the heritage inventory. a Municipal Heritage Inventory or des- the resource’s historical identy. Once ignaon as a Municipal Historic Re- the resource’s significance and charac- Note: The Turner Valley Hospital and the North Turner Valley High School are included in the project due to source by briefly describing the history ter-defining elements are understood, and physical aributes of the resource, their instuonal significance to the commercial devel- the resource is then evaluated based on opment of Turner Valley’s downtown area. determining if the resource is an ex-

6 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 1.0 Introduction

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 7

Downtown Turner Valley Historical Context Paper

Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 2.0 Context Paper

Introducon along the west edge of the oilfield bled homesteaders to sele the west. The Town of Turner Valley was estab- fencing that ran north-south along the However selement south of the Bow lished through the successive growth of east side of what is currently Main River was not safe due to the hoslity the Turner Valley oilfields that exist Street North and Main Street South. of the Blackfoot. Not unl the Seventh beneath the geographical contours of Treaty was signed was it possible for homesteaders to establish themselves the area. Nave tribes maintained their 2 tradional way of life unl European Aboriginal Life in the region. and American selement took over the land at the end of the 1800’s. With the The Dominion Lands Act of 1872 pro- Daily Life vided provisions for 160 acre home- arrival of homesteaders, the presence 1. Social History of the interconnental railway aer steads that drew the interest of many The 1870’s were the last of the slaugh- farm families. The homesteaders had 1883, the development of large ranch- tering of the Great Plains buffalo herds lands, and the breaking of ground for to live on their farms for a minimum of by the Nave community. In 1877, the six months each year, for three years, some agricultural purposes, a sense of federal government held the Treaty community began to emerge as small and break the ground of at least thirty Number Seven conference at Blackfoot acres of land into agricultural use.3 communies arose across the land- Crossing on the Bow River in southern scape. Alberta. The signing the treaty involved 2. Crop Producon 1 the Siksika, Blood, Peigan, Tsuu na, At the me, it was debatable as to As the need for the internal combuson as well as the chiefs of three Stoney engine came to the forefront so did the whether the land was suitable for Bands – the Wesley Band north of the farming and agricultural acvity. A few need for fuel and lubricants. Although Bow, the Chinequays, and Bearspaw on the area had been mined for coal in the selers were successful in breaking the the south. Chief Moses Bearspaw land, however the lack of success led 1880’s and 1990’s, years of exploring signed the treaty but the terms were the many gas seepages in the area led to the obvious conclusion that the area not well understood by his people. was ideal for ranching and raising live- local rancher William Herron to focus Their tradional way of life changed on petroleum exploraon aer 1910. stock. The availability of grazing lands, dramacally and was destroyed by the nave grasses, and mountain fed Herron was responsible for Alberta’s ever-growing selement of farmers first oil and gas boom with “Dingman streams, provided excellent opportuni- and ranchers. The federal government ty for range cale as did the warm Chi- No. 1” that aracted hundreds of oil turned expansive grazing land into companies and oilfield workers. World nook winds from the west, and the leasehold rangeland for livestock and undulang landscape of the various War I brought exploraon to a standsll some agricultural land. The geograph- but a second boom came with the dis- coulees that provided reprieve and ical surroundings of the Town of Turner protecon from the cold winter tem- covery at “Royalite No. 4” near the Valley sll speak to the stronghold of Town of Turner Valley’s main street. peratures and winds. Farmers used the ranchlands and the raising of live- barbed wire fences to ensure rancher The Great Depression lessened explora- stock. on acvity again only to be resurged herds did not wander into their crops, and the need for water made it a rich for the last me in the 1930’s. commodity. Ranchers normally select- The Turner Valley area developed from Agricultural Development ed a ranch site along a river or stream a composite of agricultural/ranching with bounful grasslands that enabled and the oil and gas industry. Such evi- them to prosper. Ranch Operaons dence sll exists in the remnants of the 1. Paerns of Land Holdings Turner Valley oilfield site and in the 3. The Ranch Family Producve selement, or agrarian Between 1882 and 1905, cale ranch- current landscape of ranch lands and selement, of the West was a focus of livestock that graze. The exisng align- ing dominated the primary producon the naonal Conservave govern- in southern Alberta. Restricon over ment of the main street itself devel- ment’s policy leading to the govern- oped from the limitaons of merchant grasslands by the area farmers was ment to send surveyors to the west, bierly contested by the ranchers. selement impressed upon by the oil- beginning in 1871, to divide the land field companies in the area. The long Their large cale herds required access into townships. The Dominion Land to the open range. The demand for north-south extension of the main Act in 1872 was thus enacted in hope street connues to exhibit the linear beef increased dramacally between of aracng millions of hard-working 1899 and 1904. In 1882, the large paern merchants were able to secure people willing to farm the land. It ena-

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 11 2.0 Context Paper Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places ranches began to develop. Twenty-one Royal Observatory, Greenwich, and who cultural paern in the area. Studies year leases were provided up to a max- was hired as the surveyor for the Hud- have shown that approximately 35 imum of 100,000 acres at a cost of son’s Bay Company, crossed Sheep percent of Turner Valley crews were $0.01 per acre. An opon to buy at Creek with a party of Peigan Indians in from Brish backgrounds. It also $2.50 per acre was also given. In 1882, 1792. In 1797,8 Fidler was appointed showed 30 percent were American, 32 the Ings brothers purchased a large chief surveyor and map maker to HBC.9 percent were Brish Canadians, and 3 area west of Longview. In 1887, percent were from other countries. Scosh brothers James and Robert The second famous student of Turnor’s Those from Britain or Canada were Turner built a log cabin north of North was David Thompson who, in 1800, oen from farms or ranches across the Fork a mile west of Millarville. They camped on the lower Highwood and Alberta prairie. Many arrived in hope homesteaded in the area of South Fork recorded the “Itou-Kae-You” (Mountain of making enough money to purchase of the Sheep River where they cut their Sheep) River on his 1812 Map of the a farm, a ranch, a business, or to just 12 hay and provided grazing ground for North-West Territory of the Province of survive the Depression. Various cul- their cale. The area became known as Canada from an actual survey per- tural tradions co-existed with the 4 Turner’s Valley. In 1894, the Quorn formed in 1792 – 1812. Credit was given development of bars, dance halls, Ranch Co. was established and pur- to John Palliser for mapping the Old churches, and other establishments. chased a lease on 100,000 acres west North Trail up the Kananaskis and west The arrival of the interconnental rail of Cameron’s Coulee. Both large ranch- over the pass on the Palliser River. How- line in 1883, as well as the creaon of es kept selers out of the area unl ever access to Brish Columbia using various sizable ranches in the 1890’s, the government revoked the leases in this route was safe even before Pallis- began to spur a stronger agricultural 1896. The Turner Ranch home was er’s expedion. In 1841, Governor Simp- economic base and a sense of commu- 13 built in 1895 by John Alexander and son used this route to reach Vancouver nity, which connues to be evident to Wilhelmina Dawson Turner. The Turn- and selers with red river carts made this day. ers were originally from Scotland and their way along this route as well. The had substanal land holdings known as first white man in the Turner Valley re- 3. Indian Reserves Balgreggan between Millarville and gion was Lieutenant Thomas Blackiston In 1877, the federal government held 5 Turner Valley. During the late 1800’s, who was a member of the Palliser expe- the Treaty Number Seven conference a number of ranches were established. dion.10 at Blackfoot Crossing on the Bow River The Rocking P ranch four miles west of in southern Alberta. The signing the High River in 1879, O.H. Smith ranch on In 1878, both Palliser and Blackiston treaty involved the Siksika, Blood, 14 the upper Highwood in circa 1883, and embarked on separate routes for the Peigan, Tsuu na, and the chiefs of the Bar U ranch in 1883. The OH brand three Stoney Bands – the Wesley Band 6 Internaonal Boundary. Palliser chose is the oldest brand in Alberta. Aer an easier but dangerous route on a trail north of the Bow, the Chinequays and 1914, the cale industry of the ranches later known as MacLeod Trail. Black- Bearspaw on the south. Chief Moses started to decline as the oil and gas iston chose a trail within the foothill Bearspaw signed the treaty but the industry began to emerge. Ranchers region through the Turner Valley region terms were not well understood by his oen moved on to the oil industry as and was accompanied by three Red Riv- people. The treaty gave the Bands a their primary focus in resource devel- er half breeds and a Cree guide. They choice of reservaon locaons, howev- opment. followed an old Indian trail that was er the Government gave them far less used unl the early 1800’s by the Peigan land than ancipated and not enough Land Holdings Blackfoot that led from the Bow to be- game to feed their people. The Gov- 1. Land Surveys yond Pekisko. The old trail that wound ernment aempted to educate the The three Blackfoot Tribes, Blood, through the valleys east of, and parallel Band people by opening a residenal Peigan, and Siksika,s resided in the with, the mountain ridges and crossed school called the Dunbow Industrial region unl 1850. They were said to be the Sheep River was known as Stoney School, the second in western Cana- 15 “fierce and hosle,” thus many explor- Trail.11 Both trails became accesses to da. ers rarely ventured south of the Bow the Turner Valley area and connue to 7 River. Research shows that Canadian be major linkages to the community. Upon moving onto the reserves, the surveyor Peter Fidler, one of two fa- Nave community had difficulty with mous students of Brish praccal as- 1. Selement Paerns the new path sought by the polical tronomer Philip Turnor who compiled A mixture of American, Ontarian, and leaders. The Nave tradional econo- the Naonal Almanac issued by the Brish selement created a “hybrid” my based on fur and buffalo robe

12 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 2.0 Context Paper trades declined and their tradional were provided with an opon to buy at parcels that later became the site of economy became disrupted. A nocea- $2.50 per acre. The Ings brothers pur- the gasoline plants and surrounding ble unseled atmosphere existed in the chased a large lease west of Longview. well sites in Turner Valley. He also built Nave community aer the treaes In 1894 the Quorn Ranch Co. was cre- the first house in the area.22 were signed. Conflict began to occur ated and took a lease on 1000,000 between the Nave people and selers acres on between Sheep River and Moving to Alberta from Ontario in as their previous existence became un- Tongue Flag Creek. The large ranches 1905, William S. Herron bought a 960 16 dermined. created problems with the homestead- acre property near Okotoks. He oen ing and kept selers out of the area went up Sheep Creek for coal, passing Polical stability was challenged with unl the government revoked the leas- through Black Diamond that was a mail the major conflict of the Riel Rebellion es in 1896 to encourage homesteading. distribuon point for the locals by of March 1885 caused by cultural and At the me, CPR needed a greater pop- 1907. In early 1911, he noced seepag- polical differences. Louis Riel was ulaon of people to make the railroad es of gas coming out of fissures in rock 20 against the federal government and the more profitable. formaons studding the surface of French-Canadian Mes against the Eng- what is now called Turner Valley. He lish Canadians. Although the rebellion collected a gas sample from the banks was short-lived, it divided Canadians Resource Development of Sheep Creek and sent it off for anal- and caused a renewed aempt by the ysis. He reasoned that gas seepages federal government to “assimilate them could mean a lot of gas and perhaps a into the larger society.”17 When the Riel Mining and Drilling Acvies lot of oil in the rocks far below the sur- Rebellion occurred in March 1885, all 1. Oil and Gas face. Based on his findings, Herron tribes joined in hope to rid the Territo- Unl the 1900’s, neither Naves nor bought Michael Stoos’ farm on the ries of the white man. The Stoney’s, on white Americans were very aware of creek where the Turner Valley Gas the other hand, were schooled, adopt- the value of oil and natural gas. In Plant sits today. He also traveled to ed the Chrisan faith, and opposed the 1898, Irish-born Kootenai Brown, a Calgary to persuade businessmen that rebellion. That in itself worsened their legend in southern Alberta and who, in drilling for oil should be done.23 relaons with the Sarcee and Blackfoot 1911, was appointed Waterton Naon- Bands, yet it enhanced their relaons al Park’s first park’s superintendent, At the turn of the century the need for with the Government. In turn, the Ston- came across Indians skimming oil of a fuel and lubricants became more nec- ey’s were given freedom to travel on all slough in the Pincher Creek area. Oil essary due to the prominence of the trails and across homesteads, and to was an important ingredient for medi- internal combuson engine. Evidence hunt in any season as they pleased. cine. Kootenai Brown worked a deal of gas and petroleum products in the Their freedom led to their taking part in with the Indians and then tried to se- region aracted those seeking the ad- the development of the Turner Valley cure interest from oilmen in Calgary. In venture. Prospects of gas and petrole- area. They worked on ranches, built 1901, John Lineham, then in Okotoks, um aer 1910 led to drilling explora- fences, helped with branding and hay- drilled a producing oil well in the Cam- on throughout the Turner Valley area ing, and worked grain fields. In the eron Creek area of Waterton that was driven by financial investment from 1940’s, the Stoney’s became estab- then dislled and sold in kerosene 21 Calgary. In May of 1914, and ulizing lished on 4000 acres of land south of form. the then current drilling tools and a 18 the Highwood River. The reserves led wooden derrick, the “Dingman No. 1” to the interconnecon of Nave people The history of acve oil producon well struck a gas reservoir with high and selers in the area. Many Nave began in Turner Valley, first with being natural gasoline (naphtha). The exist- people carried tradional horseman given the name Turner Valley by John ence of the naphtha field created the and cowboy skills. Several ranches were and Robert Turner who farmed in the first boom in Turner Valley and led to a located around Nave reserves and area and who were not interested in short-lived growth spurt within the became what was then known as the oil industry. In 1906, Michael Stoos town. Workers came from the Brish 19 “culture brokers.” arrived from Montana in search of a Isles and the United States, and com- farmstead. Aer meeng W.S. Herron monly erected tar-paper shacks on any Leases in Okotoks they together arrived in vacant piece of property they could Turner Valley. Herron was already In 1882, the period of the large ranches find. The populaon grew very quickly, farming and was also a teamster in the arrived. Twenty-one year leases at however, within three months of the oilfields. Stoos purchased several land $0.01 per acre for up to 100,000 acres area’s first boom the beginnings of the

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 13 2.0 Context Paper Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places

First World War brought the drilling to this me the enre county was dealing end of the war oil producon grew to a halt. All acvity stopped as quickly as with an intense post-war recession, thus nearly supply the needs of Calgary.30 it had started…but only briefly.24 the second boom arrived much slower However, by 1945, the Turner Valley than the first. Addionally, operators oilfield started to decline and explora- Aer 1920, Imperial Oil, a subsidiary of quesoned the producve capacity of on moved to the northern part of the 31 Standard Oil of New Jersey, became a the field as it showed limited producon province. major player in the oilfield and played results. Yet aside from these concerns the scoung role throughout Canada the selement of Turner Valley conn- “The Gas Plant constructed in Turner for Standard Oil. Both companies con- ued to grow and on February 25, 1930, Valley during the 1930′s remained op- sidered North America as a single oil- Turner Valley incorporated as a Vil- eraonal unl 1985. When abandoned, 26 field market. Whether American or lage. the Provincial Government acquired Canadian, an oilfield was for the taking the site and began working in coopera- and Standard Oil went to great meas- The 1924 discovery at the Royalite No. 4 on with the Federal Government on ure to secure such holdings. The Her- well at the north end of the village of the preservaon of the Gas Plant as a rons’ Calgary Petroleum Products re- Turner Valley started a boom that lasted Naonal Historic Site. sisted the American takeover unl the unl the early 1930’s. Although interest gas plant burned to the ground in in Turner Valley subsided due to the From within the bounds of the Town of 1920. The plant was not insured thus Depression, Robert A. Brown, an electri- Turner Valley is an impressive industri- the loss forced Herron and his partners cal engineer from Quebec, was con- al complex of tanks, pipelines, domed to sell to Standard Oil’s subsidiary Im- vinced that crude oil lay deep below the buildings, and scrubbing chimneys. It is perial Oil. The takeover resulted in Her- gas wells at Turner Valley. Brown bor- the only surviving example of its kind in rons’ Calgary Petroleum Products se- rowed money from Brish American Canada and a pioneering component in curing only a minority share in the new and Imperial Oil to form the Turner Val- one of the most important oil and gas company Royalite. On January 18, ley Royales Company.27 fields in Alberta. 1921, Imperial Oil formed a new com- pany called Royalite Oil and paid out Due to the Depression creave means Although the Gas Plant no longer func- the directors of Calgary Petroleum for financing was necessary. Rather than ons, this remarkable collecon of Products with a 20 percent share in the selling shares in a company to finance structures, dang back to 1933, pro- 25 new company. new drilling programs, R.A. Brown, vides a historical study of the early George M. Bell, and J.W. Moyer, started developmental period in Alberta’s oil The second boom occurred in 1924 a company called Turner Valley Royal- and gas industry. It houses a considera- when the Royalite Company succeed- es and offered a percentage share of ble amount of intact oil and gas pro- ing the original Calgary consorum producon (a "royalty") to those willing cessing equipment, much of which was brought in “Royalite No.4” well. During to risk the investment. The company state of the art and truly innovave began drilling in 1934, and struck oil in when it was installed. The Turner Val- 1936. Brown’s discovery of Turner Val- ley Gas Plant boasts Canada’s first high ley Royales No. 1 created a renewed pressure absorpon gas extracon interest in the Turner Valley oilfields as plant, first sour gas scrubbing plant Canada’s first major oil field, (1935, 1941), and first propane plant in and the largest in the emerg- Canada (1949-1952). Other technologi- ing Brish Commonwealth.28 cal achievements include being one of Glenbow By 1939, the field had seven- Canada’s first two sulphur plants Archives NA‐ ty wells that produced annu- (1952). It also includes remnants of 1260‐5 al revenue of $10 million, distribuon networks that employed Oil Well seng Canadian oil produc- both above and below ground pipe- 29 on records. lines. Such survivals largely unchanged provide an important physical remind- The Turner Valley oilfields er of the complex processes necessary to refine and deliver gas and oil early in was at one me the only 32 large oilfield in Canada. It played a cen- this century.” tral role in supplying the oil necessary for Canada’s war effort in 1939. At the

14 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 2.0 Context Paper

1. Corporate Structure employment opportunies in explora- When Bill Herron’s Calgary Petroleum on, the laying of pipelines, Products absorpon plant was de- construcng producon Glenbow stroyed in fire in October 1920, negoa- plants as well as gas and oil Archives NA‐ ons began with the Imperial Oil Com- processing facilies. Such 246.1 Looking pany aer which the subsidiary Royalite rapid expansion brought west at Turner Oil Company Petroleum Products was workers from across Alberta, Valley created. Royalite then took over Calga- Canada, and the United ry Petroleum Product holdings and re- States. The Alberta economy experi- named its wells Royalite Nos 1, 2, and enced rapid growth and populaon 3.33 increased in parallel.36 body of gas was discovered even deep- er than the smaller flows. The gas was The Turner Valley plant lived beyond its 4. Financing and Investment piped to Calgary at a rate of 7 million me expectaons. It also outlived Roy- In direct contrast to the current num- cubic feet of wet gas per day unl May alite and eventually was structured into ber of Calgary residents who have relo- 21, 1924, when the pressure began to many other corporate structures before cated to Turner Valley in search for a decline. A decision to drill further down its last processed gas in 1985. Calgary quieter, simpler, and less economically was made. Aer drilling through Paleo- Petroleum Products sold to Imperial in pressured lifestyle,37 few entrepre- zoic limestone for over 300 feet a sud- 1920 and, in 1948, its subsidiary Royal- neurs in the early 1900’s were actually den wave of gas pressure occurred. In ite sold the plant to Dominion Securi- residents of Turner Valley. Most resid- October 1924, they closed the well and es. The plant became part of the ed in the City of Calgary, except for shut the valve. However, the gauge Bronfman family business empire in Francis Moody and “Red” Phillips. showed an excessive increase of pres- 1949, and then the Gulf Canada pur- Those who iniated the oil in Canada sure and forced crews to seek the safe- chased the plant in 1962. The plant was West, however, confine to a grouping ty of distant shelter. The gas began to then sold to Western Decalta Ltd. in of three men: A.W. Dingman, W.S. Her- escape at an alarming rate while drill 34 1977. ron, and R.A. Brown. Herron and Ding- casings started to rise up to the top of man collaborated in 1912, leading to the 100 foot derrick. As the casing 1. Economic Influences the wildcat well of May, 1914, when seled back down vercally into the “The development of western Canada’s they found natural gas at 2718 feet. sha a spark ignited a raging fire that first major oilfield included many of the This was the first of three Turner Valley lasted for several weeks unl several elements that became defining charac- booms over the next two oilfield dec- steam boilers were used to exnguish teriscs. The first investors came from ades. Twenty-six years later Brown it. Aer taming several other fires, the central Canada. They hired Americans founded his first drilling success with well was finally under control and to drill the first wells with technology the discovery of crude oil in June, placed into producon on December 9, 39 imported from the United States. Oil 1936. This discovery launched Turner 1924. and gas quickly took over from wood Valley’s third boom. Several other indi- and coal as the fuel of choice, thereby viduals were prominent in the later The daily producon of over 20 million changing the infrastructure of an agri- phase of Turner Valley’s oilfield’s histo- cubic feet of wet gas and 500-600 bar- culturally based economy to one con- ry, such as Bill Herron Jr., R.A .Brown rels of naphtha declined in 1929. The trolled by the internaonal dictates of a Jr., W.H. McLaws, R.B. Benne, A.J. well was finally abandoned in 1934 global petroleum industry. When an Sayre, Sir James A. Lougheed, T.D.S. aer producing nearly one million bar- independent Canadian oil company Skinner, William Pearce, A.W. Pryce rels. The gas from Royalite No. 4 con- failed to aract investors, a Canadian Jones, A.E. Cross, O.S. Chapin, and OG. tained hydrogen sulphide and, in 1925, subsidiary of a massive American petro- Devenish.38 the Seaboard Scrubbing Plant was built leum conglomerate bought controlling to remove the sulphur. Surplus gas that interest in the venture and began oper- 5. Success and Failure could not be sold was flared in a coulee ang the oilfield as part of the vercally In September 1922, Royalite No. 4, that came to be named Hell’s Half integrated mulnaonal corporaon’s Acre. The enre coulee burned brightly 35 which was later referred to as the empire.” “Wonder Well,” was “spudded in.” with such intense light that the flares Although small flows of gas were found lit the coulee in Turner Valley unl The oil and gas acvity in the Turner between 1770 and 2871 feet, it was 1938, at which me a new conserva- Valley region created a great deal of not unl November 1923 when a major on board took the reins to protect the

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“Men worked twelve hours a day, seven 2. Jobs days a week, no paid holi- For others, men with wives and family, Glenbow days, no pension plan, for as well as those sll single, were drawn Archives NA‐67 $195 a month. That is how it to the Turner Valley area because of ‐51 Main Street was in the oilfield fiy years economic moves. For them, and de- ago. The rotaries were re- pending on their experience capacity, placing the cable tools, and with them employment in the oil and gas fields came the eight hour day and a cut in brought freedom. While hours were pay to $150 a month. It was sll a seven long for many, other workers could be gas field’s reserves.40 day week with rotang tours every two selecve in terms of the work they weeks. Government was becoming wanted to undertake, the amount of Markets and Markeng more conscious of the rights and dignity hours they were willing to invest, and 1. Economic Influences of the labour force, and what had start- how far they were willing to move up In Canada, Turner Valley led the transi- ed voluntarily became the law over a the organizaon structure. Working on on from one era to the next, and led period of me, so we had a five-day the rigs brought good money for those Canada onto a pathway of an emerging week, and eventually paid holidays. used to working on the farms. The large and complex industry. The Cana- About this me, Royalite established a wages allowed for the purchase of a dian dollar was experiencing serious pension plan, and also what they called car, enjoying a variety of local enter- erosion in the 1950’s. Thankfully the a thri plan. We could contribute 4 – 7 tainment, and moving from job to job arising oil and gas industry of the me % of our earnings to these plans and the as oen as was necessary.45 saved its demise, as it did again in the company would match it. Personnel 41 1980’s. departments were established, pension In fact, salaries varied for many work- plans upgraded, and job security be- ing on the rigs in the Valley. Some 2. Social Influences came a reality. Roughnecks were hired workers were paid by the hour and The people of Turner Valley provided by the company and no longer depend- others by the month. In 1924, and de- the movaon and tenacity that drove ed on the whim of the driller for either pending on the job, some men could 43 the growth of the gas and oil industry. his job or his posion on the crew.” make between $150 and $250 a Through this evoluon of industry month, which equates to approximate- Turner Valley shaped the lives of many During the Depression years Royalite ly $5 to $8.30 a shi or $0.42 to $0.70 people. Investors who mostly lived in provided food hampers to the unem- per hour. A fireman would make ap- Calgary, and in uncertain environ- ployed and found various ways to find proximately $125 per month. Due to ments, supplied the inial finances. work for as many men as possible. the various mechanical problems, poor Geological knowledge was started by When the boom hit once again thou- road condions, weather, and frequent those known as the “rock-hounds,” and sands of men arrived for work. Drillers, shutdowns, oil and gas companies their accumulaon of informaon ben- pipeline workers, construcon crews, eventually moved to an hourly wage. efited the industry for many years and plant operators, office workers, and yet However, as the demand for experi- even decades. Numerous workers ar- the upper management socialized, enced drillers increased so did the de- rived to the fields. Drilling crews, engi- curled, and swam, in the heated out- mand for increased hourly rates. Rates neers, supervisors, pipeline builders, door pool with the workers. Unfortu- as much as $12.50 a twelve hour shi, gas plant designers, operators, special- nately, as the populaon of workers or $1.05 per hour, became common. ized truckers, and specialized and expe- swelled, so did the upper ranks of man- Such salaries allowed men to spend rienced oilfield workers from the Unit- agers to where the community of Snob freely in the region and purchase large 42 ed States. Hill with all its class divisions became and expensive cars. A pail of water sold evident and ulmately placed separa- Working Life on between the workers and manage- 44 1. Working Condions ment. Snob Hill, also known The high demand for oil created a situ- as “Knob Hill”, can sll be Glenbow aon whereby Turner Valley became seen to the southeast of Archives NA‐ “the centre of the oilfield and the gas main street where the Royal- 5535‐9 plant, and the centre of operaons for ite managers’ homes looked Brown Family the drilling and collecon of petroleum over what was then the vil- products.” lage of Turner Valley.

16 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 2.0 Context Paper for $0.05. In 1940, one could rent a on tourist visas and working indefinite- the excitement that followed the house for $30 per month. Life could be ly are stealing jobs from unemployed crude oil discover in the summer of very affordable in Turner Valley at the Canadians.” Soon aer, a Canadian 1936.”51 me and it aracted many men to veteran with 30 years’ experience in leave their jobs and move to the Valley the internaonal oil patch told the Her- The arrival of American workers in search of profitable work. Overall, ald that “Canadians were as skilled as brought an array of characters from the life in Turner Valley and on the rigs any drillers in the world. He pointed varying cultural backgrounds. Cajuns, enabled the workers to become a mem- out that since Canadians were prohibit- Creole, and Quadroon Indian. Some ber of society well paid for their la- ed by law from working in the Ameri- were married and brought their bour.46 can oilfields, Americans should be kept spouse while others brought whoever out of Turner Valley.”49 would join them. Workers made In me, as the limits of the producing statements with large cars with white zone became defined, exploratory drill- 4. Safety and Accidents wall res and they indulged in consid- ing gave way to development drilling House fires were a common occur- erable amounts of alcohol, yet they and a mantle of respectability began to rence when financial mes were diffi- remained quite social. It is said the sele over the village despite the twice cult. Unscrubbed gas was oen blamed Americans taught Canadians how to monthly visits of Calgary’s ladies of lei- and caused many unexplained fires to operate the oilfield and about life in sure who circulated through company homes of the unemployed. Percy Wray general. Residents of Turner Valley bunkhouses for a very high price.47 sold house insurance at the me. Peo- learned to drink and dance, as well as ple who literally had nothing resorted fight and let loose. In such a life resi- Once the depression arrived, so did a to starng an “accidental” fire to their dents of Turner Valley became very period of drasc retrenchment. Many shack in order to obtain insurance loyal, strong, and similar in many funds and leave Turner Valley. Insur- ways to their American counter- employees were laid-off with drasc 52 consequent to themselves and their ance rates rose to 10% of the value of parts. The same determinaon con- 50 families. The condions became so bad the property per year at that me. nues to drive this community in a that the Royalite Oil Company iniated The Wray McRae building within which strong, unwavering commitment to its a relief program. Every week trucks Percy Wray operated his insurance petroleum, ranching, and urban de- would make the round trip to Calgary business sll remains on the south cor- velopment history. for food that was then distributed to ner of Edgar Avenue and Main Street needy families. It also became company North. 2. Community Life policy to employ those laid off, for a Oilfield workers considered their few days each year, in order to protect Creang Community home a “shack” instead of a “house.” A typical shack consisted of a two- or their pension rights. For those fortu- 1. Social History three-room structure measuring 12 nate to retain their jobs, there were The new village was small but had the 48 feet wide and 18 to 22 feet long. The wage and salary cuts. typical boomtown forms of social en- tertainment, some of which are sll 3. Tensions evident to this day. Roughnecks oen The American labour problem of the leaned toward high risk entertainment 1920’s created great tensions in Turner that was wild and expensive. Valley into the 1950’s. In 1929, Oawa Aer the third oilfield boom in passed a law refusing foreign “contract 1936, Turner Valley grew from labour” entering Canada. At the me, a quiet, depressed community Glenbow American oil workers enroute to jobs in of approximately a thousand Archives Turner Valley were stranded in Mon- people in a few small sele- NA‐1158‐4 tana. Angry company officials convinced ments to over 7000 people in Oawa to reverse the law and allow Turner Valley the valley. “Hundreds of drill- Main Street Americans to enter the oilfield in large ing rigs, pipeline crews, truck- numbers. At the same me an editorial ers, and workmen, invaded in the Calgary Herald stated “Canada the foothills oilfield aer should welcome skilled Americans into crude oil greeted the drill at the south Turner Valley but noted that unskilled end. The gas discoveries in 1914 and American workers entering the oilfield 1924 were just teasers compared to

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of life, managers of Royalite lived in Most companies operated with a fleet more luxurious and beer of trucks to haul supplies in from Oko- Glenbow constructed homes on a tree- toks. Road condions were very poor Archives lined street and surrounded and trucks were oen found deep to NA‐2895‐8 by a golf course in an area their axles in mud. Due to the lack of Main Street overlooking the shacks called truck mobility, caterpillar tractors nor- “Snob Hill,” which connues mally used for construcon were used to be an upscale historic residenal area to move equipment and supplies, and overlooking Turner Valley. were oen summoned as a tow truck structures were built with a sturdy to pull trucks and trailers out of the frame to withstand frequent moving 3. Family Life deep mud.56 on a flatbed truck. The shack environ- Family character started to emerge with ment was the result of small communi- the thought and capacity of long-term Turner Valley had the same road condi- es developing along the length of the stability in the selement. Social and ons on main street. In 1927, there valley, including Turner Valley. In the family acvies began to emerge and was no bus service in Turner Valley. 1950’s, many of these structures disap- dominate the recreaonal and social life The roads were muddy with large pot- peared with the resurgence and refo- of the community, such as baseball, holes and oen impassable. Many peo- cus on agricultural land. Current official hockey, curling, golf, the hunt club, and ple caught a ride with the bakery maps only show post offices – including family get-togethers. The children of truck.57 Trucks would get bogged down Turner Valley.53 By December 1930, ranchers and oil workers aended local and, in an aempt to free the vehicles, when all drilling had ceased due to the schools and joined the local chapters of the enre rear drive would be pulled Depression, many of the houses were Canada’s Scoung and Guide movement out from underneath. In the late rented to anyone who could afford in Canada. Each boom brought various 1950’s, the road passing the North them at $10 per month, which also oil workers and their families to the ar- Turner Valley School was lower than included free water, sewer, and gas. ea. However, the permanent populaon the ditches beside it.58 In the late proved to be the mainstay of the econo- 1920’s, Royalite gradually improved The “oilman shacks” served as homes my. Turner Valley connued a slow the roads throughout its operaons 59 for families. The Wolfpack Studio build- growth paern over the years and was area around Turner Valley townsite. ing is one such example of the simple incorporated as a Town on September scale and small footprint of these earli- 1, 1977. By the early 1950’s, the number of er structures. Although the building has men known as “roughnecks” that could undergone numerous contemporary afford a car or truck increased drama- renovaons in the interior space, the Transportaon cally. This placed considerable pressure exterior sll speaks to its history. Those to improve road condions and led to with children would oen erect a tent main roads being graveled or paved for outside in the warmer seasons since Road System standard transportaon, and for easier the shack only contained two rooms. 1. Means of Transport transportaon of crews to various The interior of the shack was crude Buses were commonly used to collect sites.60 with flaened cardboard boxes used to workers from the rigs. However, when finish the interior walls, and wooden weather proved the road impassable fruit boxes for cupboards and shelves. due to mud local farmers with their Used furniture stores opened in the wagons and sleighs helped transport communies to offer alternaves to workers. Cars were purchased to furnishing that were sll more eco- transport workers. Due to poor road nomical than purchasing new product. condions such vehicles soon In addion, cellars were dug beneath fell to mechanical failure the floor to house cold storage. An because of unpaved condi- Wolfpack outhouse was located at the rear of ons and would require re- Studio these shacks and used unl the pair at such locaons as CDS Inc. 1950’s.54 Plant Petroleum and Auto- works, once known as the 55 In direct contrast with the “shack” way “Double O.”

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Urban Development The inial development of the com- mercial centre of Turner Valley’s main street was Glenbow Places of Selement very general in nature. The Archives NA‐3689‐889 1. Village first stores consisted of a The oilfields experienced rapid growth general store and a post Main Street in the mid-twenes, as did the Village office, then two boarding of Turner Valley. In fact, the petroleum houses and a barber shop, a butcher industry created immense economic shop and the Royal Café, in addion to tre of the downtown. and social change and urban develop- a grouping of oilman shacks. Main ment was one of the most significant street cafes served an important role in changes that occurred. The proximity to the community by serving food to Family entertainment was provided the oil and gas fields benefited Turner workers, travellers, regional farmers with movies projected at the local Valley in that large increases in employ- vising the community, and to the local movie theatre. The advantage to such ment created a strong need for accom- community with limited cooking facili- producons was that it did not limit modaon, food, servicing, entertain- es. The cafes also served as a social gender or age. It was family oriented ment, and various other social acvi- centre, a meeng place, and an oppor- and could accommodate a large num- es. tunity for townspeople and visitors to ber of people at one me who could come together to interact.62 By 1927, aend in the aernoon or evening to Town planning followed the American boomtown false fronted stores and a watch a movie. The buildings that system in terms of dividing the village bank operang only on days of pay housed the movies were oen simple or town lands in a grid system. It was an were constructed. Several shacks were structures, as is evident in Turner Val- easy system to administer and survey, also built in areas such as Poverty Flats, ley, and were oen used for educaon- and enabled consistency in the rectan- Whisky Row and Dogtown. Above the al purposes or to present war propa- gular divisions that supported a market Royalite Company’s plant, Royalite ganda films during World War I. The economy in selling land lots of con- erected married quarters, known as province exercised some censorship to sistent measure. It also allowed lots to Snob Hill, and somemes known as ensure the entertainment met provin- 66 remain separate or to join with adja- “Knob Hill.” Thus the disncon in the cial standards and moral issues. cent lots for larger properes.61 separaon of classes.63 On March 21, 1930, the first meeng of the Incorporated Village of Turner Within the commercial centre, mercan- Early businesses that focused on trades Valley was in the Turner Valley School le businesses collected in a dense line- and services tended to change hands house and was aended by Councilor ar formaon along either one or two oen. In contrast, businesses that sold (Tom) Edward Fowler as Chair, Edwin sides of the street. Turner Valley’s main the necessies of survival in the com- Andrews and Harold Roche (a druggist) street is indicave of a one-sided linear munity, such as hardware and general as councilors, and A. Cuthbert as acng formaon that developed due to the stores, were far more stable in their secretary. On March 28, 1930, at $800 pressures of those who were already ongoing ability to provide for the needs 64 per year, Mr. Fowler became mayor there for the economic benefits of local of the community. resources versus the delivery of sup- while, at the same me, being a J.P., postmaster and merchant. Mr. Sey- plies that would help sustain the needs Public buildings were almost always mour and Mr. Heathco were present of everyday living. located in the centre of the commercial and suggested the surveying of land area. The Village or Town office, the into residenal and commercial lots, fire staon, the post office, the bank or which was agreed upon by Mr. Franz the hotel.65 The Town of Turner Valley Von Wursteinberger, owner of a con- represents this type of de- siderable amount of the land and who velopment in its numerous was also a parcipant at the meeng. historical locaons on main Coyote Moon Such surveying would help avoid previ- street. The fire staon was CDS Inc. ous situaons whereby residents who once located in the Coyote wished to build or move a home on a Moon building, as well as rented lot could do so without a per- the current locaon of the mit. For simplicity, the landowner post office connues to be in the cen-

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were no elected councilors. He was also ministraon, thus Mr. Ed Hemsworth appointed to the same posi- was appointed returning officer for an on in the Village of Black elecon of councilors. “The elecon Old Royal Café Diamond a few months lat- was held July 3, 1944, in the theatre. (right) er. In his 12 years in this Represenng long-me established Old Roche’s posion Percy Wray never residents in the area, forty-three year Drugstore (left) worked under a council and Turner Valley school teacher Gordon managed to eliminate the Minue, K. J. Webb, and W. J. Lineham, debt of both Villages and whose father (Tom) and twin brothers create a sizeable cash surplus. At the (Jim and Fin) built a house on the Frans me, the Turner Valley Town Office was Wurstemberger quarter on which the paced off a lot to suit the dimensions a lile red building behind the Hose Town of Turner Valley is now located, of the renter’s need, thus causing con- Tower or Fire Staon. In April of 1944, were successful and they appointed K. siderable discrepancies, especially on Percy Wray successfully applied for the J. Webb as mayor. The LIneham house Frontenac and Edgar Avenues where posion of Secretary-Treasurer of the was later moved to two 33 foot town some houses are close or on the Municipal District of Turner Valley, lots on main street and was sold in street.67 which, at the me, included the Hamlet 1958 to Pat Tourond,71 which is now of Midnapore and west of Nanton. A Sweets and Blooms. The next nomina- On April 20, 1931, a tragic fire de- building used as a Chinese Restaurant in on meeng was held in the Royal stroyed praccally the whole main Longview was then moved to Turner Lumber yard on June 25, 1947, and the street.68 The only properes remaining Valley. It had been constructed to be councilors were returned by acclama- were the Royal Café and Roche’s Drug- moved as it was built in two parts – on. In 1948, the councilors adversed store. Everything else was destroyed. bolted through the middle. Due to the for tenders to build sidewalks and L. C. 72 Residents walked about the area trying transient nature of the residents, it was Krausert got the contract.” The thea- to sort through what remained of their no longer used or needed in Longview tre used for such elecons now con- stores for over a two block span that and was moved to Millarville in the early tains a different funcon and the exte- also burned the connecng wooden 40’s. It was then sold to the municipality rior has been altered significantly, sidewalks. Those who invested so of Turner Valley and set on a foundaon however the scale and perimeter foot- much into the businesses of Turner to be used as an office. Percy was the print on Sunset Boulevard has not Valley had their investments literally first and last Secretary of the Municipali- changed. disappear in flames. Since many shop ty which was amalgamated into the owners lived in accommodaons above Foothills M.D. in the 1950’s. In 1954, In January 1949, Mr. Hemsworth, who or behind their establishments, most of when the Municipal District of Turner was very acve in promong local do- their lives had been consumed by the Valley dissolved and absorbed into the naons to those in need,73 was ap- fire.69 Municipal District of Highwood, Percy pointed as returned officer for an elec- Wray purchased the building from the on which wasn’t held as Mr. R.H. In 1932, the Village experienced bank- outgoing Council to set up his insurance Standish, who was nominated to re- agency. Aer 45 years in business Percy place W.R. Lineham, won by acclama- ruptcy and was thereaer adminis- 70 tered, along with Black Diamond, from sold to Mary McRae in April 1974. This on. In 1950, Mr. Webb was re-elected Edmonton. During this period, Percy building connues to be part of the col- and connued as mayor and Mrs. Wray was appointed to the office of lecve memory of main street, albeit it Hemsworth was appointed to take her Secretary Treasurer of the Village of has undergone contemporary interior husband’s place as Secretary- Turner Valley at a me when there renovaons and the applicaon of new Treasurer. The same year in Septem- exterior siding applicaons to accom- ber, R.H. Standish was transferred and modate other funcons, the exterior Thomas Beley became councilor by form, massing, and scale, is acclamaon.74 sll evident to this day. Glenbow Archives In Janurary 1953, Mrs. Hemsworth re- NA‐2895‐9 When Percy became Secre- signed her posion, only to be replaced Main Street tary-Treasurer for the mu- by Henry Porter the same year. The nicipality he could no longer meengs were held in the Raymond serve two villages under the official ad- Supply store that also contained the

20 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 2.0 Context Paper village office,75 and to be later known as was taken over by Alex McRae when Porter Supply Co. Ltd. In February 1953, E.P. Raymond passed away in 1961). Elmer Andersen was laid off from his W. Ironside was elected by Home Oil posion76 and was hired as acclamaon. Jim McInnis the General Ulity man. He kept this became mayor in 1961 with Solloway Mills posion for twenty-three years unl his G. Minue and W. Ironside as Co. Building 79 resignaon in 1977. Mr. Webb resigned councilors. “Shoprite his mayoralty in 1953 at which me Store” Gordon Minue was appointed acng With the elecon of 1962, mayor. No elecon was called as E.P. council appointed J. McInnis “Millie” Raymond won the seat by ac- as mayor. The swimming pool became 77 clamaon. the primary project of that year and opened in May of 1964. It was dedicat- In 1954, the Royalite donated the recre- ed to Drs. Harry and Dave Lander and boom since 1914 were a general store aon area across from main street. Gor- remains a popular and central gather- and a post office owned by Tom don Minue was re-instated as major in ing locaon for many Turner Valley Fowler. The business of the oilfields, as 1955. Councilors were Jim McInnis and residents during the warm seasons of well as the transient nature of the pop- E.P. Raymond. Jim Donnolly was hired each year. ulaon, saw businesses change hands as Village policeman in May 1955. In frequently over the years. From the 1956, the Oilman’s Monument was Land Use north end of main street existed the erected on main street. The same year 1. Commercial Royal Lumber Yard, and Mrs. McDon- the Studer Bros. in Claresholm were In the early years companies held leas- alds hair dressing parlor a few doors contracted to install sewer lines in es for their employees to build, but did further south. Two blocks further was Turner Valley and the town insisted the not have any available land for mer- Sandy Mitchell’s Service Staon, that residents install the same. By 1958, it chants to build. Although the signs became Olie Olson’s “The Double O” was a Council ruling that all homes had posted by the companies were clear in owned by Bob Love and Rudi Sorge, to install compulsory water and sewer stang that merchants were not wel- and now operates as Planet Petroleum lines. No houses could be rented or sold come, the determindaon of such fu- and Autoworks across Main Street for habitaon without water and sew- ture business owners won as they from the current Municipal Town 78 er. Such a ruling indicated the impact gained control of a one-sided street Office. Several other businesses exist- the increasing populaon and infra- that stretched a couple of miles long ed, although many fell to the fire of structure was having on the Village of facing the company fence line. It was 1930. Such stores as the Solloway and Turner Valley, as well as the concern for then called the “Main Drag.” This north Mills Stock Exchange survived the fire sanitaon and cleanliness. Enhancing -south alignment is sll evident and and is currently used as a storage the infrastructure to accommodate the marks the primary main street axis of building while much of its original char- management of waste enabled the Vil- the Town of Turner Valley. Merchants acter on the interior remains intact. lage to begin its progressive growth and quickly set up shop, put out their signs, The Bowles Hardware, Roches Drug accommodate the development of a Store, the Royal Café, and the Pente- and dealt with the ongoing dust and 81 more modern and elaborate system of mud, unl the profits started to mate- costal Church, also survived the fire. urban facilies necessary for the future rialize. Soon aer, the stucco houses evoluon of the community. were built for company employees on “Snob Hill,” creave names Further to the development of a more were given to various streets urban infrastructure, and in response to such as Frontenac Avenue Planet the ever growing needs of the local and Royal Avenue, and Petroleum populaon, a contract for asphalt side- names arose for various Olie Olson’s walks on main street was issued in selements as Whisky Row, “The Double O”

1959. Henry Porter resigned and Wen- Poverty Flats, and Dog CDS Inc. dell Lewis was appointed in Feb. 1959 – Town.80 1967. Mr. Altwater became town po- liceman. E.P. Raymond resigned to be- During the period of 1924–29, the only come town Government assessor (this businesses in the early years of the first

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 21 2.0 Context Paper Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places

2. Ulies The church itself provided a “sense of In the early years sanitaon was ac- community.” The church commodated by way of a fire pit or a unified the community and burning barrel of gas. These sources of was oen the first building heat were also used to rid household St. George’s to be built aer such reli- garbage. Human waste was dealt with Anglican Church gious celebraon was using outhouses, as well as an increas- served in private homes of ing need for “honey buckets” in the various denominaons. outhouses or in the homes to accom- modate for a growing community pop- By 1927, efforts were already under- ulaon. Men with horse teams picked way to raise funds to build a church. up the waste in a “honey wagon” for on services, sidewalks, and many other The first church to come to the Valley $2 a month.82 services. They gave their streets plain was built in Black Diamond through the names like Main Street and grandiose efforts of Mrs. Mart Hovis. At the me, In the 1930’s, fresh water was not easi- ones like Frontenac Avenue, Royal Ave- Father Bowlen was the parish priest in ly available, thus residents would nue, and Sunset Boulevard. Restaurants High River and would regularly visit the transport their own water in pails from served meals around the clock to the Valley to hold mass in private homes. a nearby creek or from a well. The oil 2000 men who worked on 90 or more He led the collecon of funds to build a 85 well also provided some means of wa- rigs. Such improvements provided church in the Valley. When funds al- ter for several families who lived near- residents young and old with a greater lowed, a basement was constructed as by. However, the increasing populaon sense of safety, easiness, as well as a temporary church locaon. As funds of the village of Turner Valley was cleanliness, in that they no longer had increased, the church was constructed causing immense strain on local water to walk through mud or dusty wind- over the foundaon and eventually wells. A spring runoff caused water blown surfaces. Street lighng brought became the parish hall. At the same contaminaon from overflowing out- the same increase in security and ease me the United Church membership houses, thus causing the wells to be of safety against the threat of automo- considered a church for their congrega- condemned. A spring southeast of the biles endangering the only path availa- on. In 1928, they assigned Rev. Mr. gas plant became the only source of ble to both modes of transportaon. Lewis to undertake a similar task as water. Water wagons then began to Father Bowlen. In 1929, visitors from deliver water unl the gas plant was Creang an Urban Community the East on an excursion trip donated able to finally supply the village of Life $1000 to the building fund while hav- ing dinner at the Royalite dining room. Turner Valley with heavily chlorinated 1. Religion 83 The amount was matched by the Home water. From the 1920’s, Catholics aended Mission Board and addional funds mass in private homes and local schools. were locally raised. Finally the third It was common for construcon crews Within the next decade one could find church was erected in Turner Valley in Turner Valley to run into abandoned other denominaons in the valley, such but more modest and without a base- pipelines. When water and sewer lines as the United Church, Church of Christ, ment. Dedicaon of the church oc- were installed the workers would oen Undenominaonal, Catholic, Pentecos- curred on October 20th of the same find gas or oil lines. With the lack of tal, and Anglican congregaons. Choirs, year. Mr. Lewis took ill shortly aer locaon maps idenfying where the women organizaons, and children and died on October 29th, 1929, with- maps might be, the workers had to rely clubs, were oen sponsored by the out even the opportunity to preach in on the advice of old mers in the com- churches and oen undertook fundrais- 84 the new church or live in the manse. In munity to locate such lines. ing events.86 Such projects and social 1930, Rev. G. H. Peacock was assigned efforts helped establish a supporve to the church which became known as 2. Public Works societal family network and provided 87 the “Lewis Memorial Church.” Due to the acvity of the oilfield Turner needed assistance for those who could

Valley was fortunate to have some- not afford medical assistance, food, ac- As the populaon of Anglican member- what side-stepped the economic commodaon, clothing, and all the oth- ship increased so did the need for a downturn of the Great Depression of er general necessies of living in an local congregaon. The congregaon the 1930’s. Once incorporated as a evolving community driven by the thirst was first established in 1937, and met village it connued to grow. “Residents to work the rigs in hope for a beer in the Turner Valley High School for authorized streets lights, fire protec- future.

22 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 2.0 Context Paper over a decade. In 1947, Anglican groups mon in most homes by the 1950’s and in each centre purchased the operated by a manual switchboard 92 necessary church buildings Glenbow system. to strengthen their member- Archives ship. The Turner Valley Angli- NA‐4542‐27 North Turner 4. Living in Community can Church – St. George’s – Valley High The 1930’s found men riding the rails was originally built at Gladys School across Canada looking for work. Vari- Ridge in approximately 1908. ous camps and small shelters devel- Falling into disrepair, it was moved to oped and the unemployed would be Blackie in 1923. It was later obtained by seen sleeping by the flares to stay the Turner Valley congregaon and McCullough returned to the N.T.V.H.S. warm. Single men looked for food or moved to its current site on main street and assumed the same posion unl odd jobs but the local residents were 90 just south of Sunset Boulevard. 1954. looking for the same to survive. Fami- lies grew vegetable gardens and guard- 2. Educaon The Turner Valley School District No. ed them carefully while others re- By 1928, the public school system was 4039 was said to be one of the richest tained a cow for the supply of milk. being strained by the oilfield resident districts in Alberta. It had a Home Eco- Families also trapped and hunted to families. The Turner Valley School Dis- nomics Room, Science Lab, manual survive, catching weasel, coyote, and trict was abolished and a new district shop, business training facilies in the deer. Weasel skins were worth $0.25 was formed in 1929 to include the high school. The inspector of the and a coyote skin was $3.93 “oilfield” area. The area was extensive Turner Valley Schools at the me was 91 and was from Longview in the south to Colonel MacGregor. Local Government north of Ohlson Ranch, from the re- 1. Town Planning serve to the west and to a mile east of 3. Communicaon In 1931, councilors of Turner Valley Black Diamond. The new Turner Valley Early telephone communicaon prior joined councilors of Black Diamond to School District was unique, being the to 1924 was serviced by way of country meet officials of the then provincial first enlarged district in Alberta.88 line extensions on the Okotoks tele- municipal affairs department. Turner phone exchange. The lobbying of MLA Valley’s boom was no longer. Local With the formaon of the larger district George Hoadley by the Highland Oil policians were not capable of oper- a greater tax base allowed for the ex- Company, as well as other oil compa- ang the oilfield communies and thus pansion of the Turner Valley School in nies, brought new and beer oil field declared bankruptcy. “Fires, floods, 1930 to accommodate the larger num- telephone service in 1926. Several 89 layoffs, the masse of unemployed, and ber of students. By 1933, the North companies throughout the area sub- the general shutdown in the oil patch Turner Valley School was constructed scribed to the new system, and the had soured the boom.” Councilors mid-way between Black Diamond and Royal Lumber Yard in Turner Valley passed the Turner Valley financial rec- Turner Valley. The school accommodat- also received a telephone in 1926. “By ords to the provincial government.94 ed students from Longview, Royalites, the end of 1928 there were telephones Hartell, farm gates, and oil company in the machine shop, the café, and the Taxpayers paid for several local ser- gates. The school was built to serve lumber yard in Turner Valley. A truck- vices, such as fire protecon, street both Black Diamond and Turner Valley ing firm took a phone in 1929 along repairs, unemployment assistance, and is now the present Golf and Coun- with the bakery, the maternity hospital allowances for mothers, doctor bills, try Club House. A Parent Teachers’ As- (which is currently under use by Youth medicine and hospital bills, child wel- sociaon sponsored fund raising events With a Mission), a branch of the stock- fare, old age pensions, cemetery bills, such as card pares and dances at the brokerage firm of Solloway Mills within waterworks, sanitaon, building repair, Royalite Hall to purchase library books the Shoprite building, a drug store, a sidewalk and lighng installaon along and sport equipment for the school. grocery, and a men’s wear store. Burns with repair costs, skang rink expens- Hugh McCullough was appointed vice- and Company Limited listed a phone at es, payments to Turner Valley Wom- principal of the Turner Valley High its meat market by the beginning of en’s Instute, and the Blind Instute.95 School in 1941. The principal at the 1931. The Alberta Provincial Police Ironically, with the addional tax re- me was J. R. Shearer. Aer a short appeared in the directory that same percussions, a much greater sense of principalship from 1946 to 1947 at the year along with various service and urban life ensued due to the normalcy South Turner Valley High School, Mr. supply companies.” Phones were com- of life taking place in a community they

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 23 2.0 Context Paper Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places had invested their future in. rant, the Theatre, McFayden’s Barber the northwest corner of Main Street Shop, Cameron’s Confeconary, and and Sunset Boulevard replaced the old In 1932, the Department of Municipal Fowlers General Store that also operat- Shoe Hospital, a barber shop, and a Affairs employed Percy Wray as secre- ed the first post office and telephone small restaurant.100 Such evoluon tary treasurer for the Turner Valley switchboard out of the same store. The strongly exhibits how Turner Valley’s community for $25 per month. He was Legion Hall, Police Staon, and the Tele- main street underwent various chang- appointed to the same posion in phone Office, were located further east es in building and business ownership, Black Diamond for an addional $35 across from main street.98 The Legion business relocaons, building demoli- per month. There were many residents Hall and the old RCMP staon connue on or relocaons, as well as new de- who were unemployed and Turner to add presence to main street and are velopment impacts to exisng infra- Valley did whatever possible to help its sll located adjacent each other sepa- structure. Such layering also expresses residents overcome the various strug- rated only by a gravel parking area. the fortude of the community to sur- gles. Residents also helped where they vive and conquer the 1931 fire. They could. For instance, the village paid for The fire of 1931 nearly destroyed Turner exhibited flexibility, entrepreneurship, lumber and the residents held a build- Valley’s enre main street. In 1932, the and a stubborn economically-minded ing bees to make sidewalks. Percy per- Village went bankrupt and was then, focus, on the future existence of their sonally visited the Calgary hospitals on along with Black Diamond, administered community. Such focus connues to be behalf of oilfield residents who were from Edmonton. A building used as a this community’s mainstay to this day. unable to pay for medical help. Their Chinese restaurant in Longview had bills were then charged to the village. been built in two parts to enable the 2. Building Industry With cap in hand, Percy negoated a structure to be moved. It was later relo- In the 1930’s, the requirement for 96 discount on outstanding bills. cated to Millarville and then finally to “instant housing” generated an over- Turner Valley when the municipality night market for what was called the Economic Sector purchased the building and set it on a “oilman’s shack.” With only minimal 1. Retail Trade foundaon on the corner of Edgar Ave- carpentry skills required, a 12 x 24 foot Due to the oilfield industry the popula- nue and Main Street North. Percy Wray two room shack could be built in a two on of the Turner Valley fluctuated managed the Municipality’s books for day period and sold for $235. Con- considerably, as did ownership of busi- twelve years. In 1954, Percy Wray pur- structed of joists, studs, and roof ra- chased the building from the Municipali- ers, all at 2 feet on centre. The roof nesses along main street. A variety of 99 businesses operated such as the Royal ty and opened an insurance agency. had flush board for sheathing and was Lumber Yard, a hair dressing parlor, The building has since undergone a covered with either wood shingles or Sandy Mitchell’s Service Staon, which number of tenants and renovaons but rolled asphalt roofing. Horizontal later became Olie Olson’s or the “The remains in very good condion. Across shiplap was applied to the exterior Double O”, that is now Planet Petrole- Edgar Avenue to the south was Camp- walls, and placed on a diagonal be- um and Autoworks. Other garages op- bell’s Meat Market that later became cause of the addional strength the erated as did small stores and an insur- Valley Food Mart. Bowles Hardware diagonal applicaon provided. Details ance office. Solloway and Mills Stock became Lowery Hardware prior to being were minimal with only three windows Exchange opened a business in the replaced when the Post Office was provided and one exterior door. The exisng Shoprite building and then a moved to the site and then rebuilt with interior walls were le unfinished. The shoe repair shop. Many of the stores a new structure, of which sll remains shacks were then placed on skids so had living quarters in the back of their on site. Later came Willis Men’s Wear, they could be winched and dragged building. Other businesses that opened McLeod’s Economy Store, and McKie’s onto a flatbed truck so they could be were the Standish Pool Hall, a meat Café. Further south across the alley was moved into place. The carpenters market, Bowles Hardware, Nolan’s Buckles Pool Hall, and Lowery Hard- made approximate $20 per day, and Hotel, the Squeeze Inn Café, Smiley’s ware. On the south side of the Royal supposedly a very good wage for un- Pool Hall, Roches Drug Store, the Royal Café was Joe Korczynski’s Drug Store skilled labour at the me. The Wolf- Café, and the Royal Bank.97 that later became Valley Variety, B & E pack Studio building on the north end Variety, and then the L & L. Owners of of Main Street is an example of the On Sunset Boulevard there were such the L & L later purchased the Royal Café typical structure. retail businesses as a beauty parlor, and joined the buildings to create one McFarland’s Lumber Yard, McLeods large store and restaurant. The Royal With the emergence of the need for “Economy” store, Silver Grey Restau- Bank building that currently exists on housing, lumber yards developed in

24 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 2.0 Context Paper the various selements. Local lumber Pharmacist Joe Korczynski took a lead- Townsend, Dr. Weisgerber, and Dr. yards were successful because they ing role in the development of the Wilson. “Dr. Harry Lander and his supplied local building needs . McFar- Turner Valley health care system. He cousin Dr. David Lander became leg- land Lumber was the primary supplier apprenced in Vulcan for three years, ends, serving the oilfield people as for the oil industry. Other suppliers aended the University of Alberta for emergency physicians in the field and included Eau Claire Lumber, Crown two years, and graduated with great from their offices in the Black Diamond Lumber, and Royal Lumber.101 Crown honor holding a gold medal and high- Hotel. Inerant densts appeared in Lumber Co., owned by CNoR, was one est marks in pharmacy. Prior to pur- the oilfield again and visited south end of Western Canada’s largest suppliers chasing the drugstore in Turner Valley communies one or two days each but was soon in compeon with other in 1930, he worked in Okotoks as a week. Finally, in 1943, the provincial growing lumber companies, such as pharmacist to introduce himself to the government appointed Dr. Harry Beaver Lumber and Imperial Lumber ways of the oilpatch. Upon his pur- Lander as provincial medical health Yards Inc.102 chase in Turner Valley, the boom came officer for the oilfield district and to an end, however his specializaon charged him with keeping the area safe 108 4. Health and knowledge with drugs helped oil- and sanitary.” The early tweneth century brought a field doctors care for the needs of the change in public atude regarding dis- community. He was always on call to From 1930 to 1945, various epidemics ease control, leading to the territorial anyone in need, and even provided of smallpox, measles, mumps, jaun- government requesng the appoint- drugs to individuals who he knew could dice, scarlet fever, and other diseases, 105 ment of local health officers in all towns never pay. strained physician services. Polio in the in 1897. By early 1900’s, unsanitary oilfield community was very common condions were primarily blamed for “Druggist Joe Korczynski said the physi- and at one me contained more than a contagious disease. Atudes began to cians handed out castor oil drops and third of all cases in the province. Fault change to where a clean town environ- cocaine drops for the pain caused by for the spread was blamed on the local ment led to the promoon of health, gassed eyes. The drops were given to swimming pool as well as schools and cleanliness, as well as the need for pub- relieve those who worked with hydro- the shared quarters of homes.”109 lic sanitaon, proper water and sewer gen sulphide. Gas masks were required lines, the ridding of outdoor outhouses, to work with the substance and were In 1938, the Government of Alberta and the “lighng” of a healthy environ- used to clean out oil storage tanks. formed the Okotoks-High River Health ment to promote a healthy community. Very small concentraons built up in Unit offering a new scale of provincial 106 the eye would cause “gassed eyes.” health care to the area. However, in Prior to the late 1920’s, there was virtu- The Korczynski pharmacy sold a variety 1935, it was found that children of the ally no health care in the oilfield region of items such as perfume, handbags, oilfield suffered from malnutrion, bad of Turner Valley. “Sam Couls’ wife, wallets, china, cameras, radios, and teeth, and overall poor health. Over Ruth, was a nurse and their house in other items for the community. He also the next 15 years a provincial govern- “Snob Hill” was the first informal medi- served ice-cream, pop, and candy. The ment agency held health courses in cal facility in the valley. As plant manag- drugstore was the social centre of the Turner Valley and Black Diamond that er, Sam also had the only telephone. community for decades. When the oil led to the development of Red Cross Tom Troer recalled first aid men deal- boom returned, Joe Korczynski em- first-aid classes, home-nursing clinics, ing with most medical problems when ployed two women and became a and mobile x-ray exam facilies.”110 he began working at the plant in 1925. trainer for pharmacy apprences.107 Their favourite treatment was ncture 103 Hospital facilies arrived late in Turner of iodine.” When the second bust of the oil boom Valley. Local doctors could offer basic occurred Dr. Kenny was the only physi- and emergency services but many pa- In 1928, Royalite employed a company cian to remain in the community while ents with serious medical concerns doctor, Dr. A. Hall. That same period, living in Calgary at the me. Renewed had to be transported to Calgary. The the boom brought addional physicians oil acvity in the late 1930’s brought drugstore in Turner Valley provided to the area. A first aid staon was set more physicians, including Dr. Ardiel, some medicaon unl a small hospital up by Royalite at Naphtha in 1929, and Dr. Aziz, Dr. Blaney, Dr. Burke, Dr. Cala- finally opened in the 1930’s ran by Dr. Kenny established a pracce in han, Dr. Victor Graham, Dr. Hall, Dr. Mrs. Rose LaRosee. Starng first as a 104 Turner Valley that same year. Irons, Dr. Johnson, Dr. Key, Dr. Kinney, maternity hospital constructed of two Dr. Pilcher, Dr. Soby, Dr. Smith, Dr. small shacks, Dr. Harry Lander and Da-

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 25 2.0 Context Paper Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places vid Lander recommended she expand with the ambulance service for over 25 the facility to accommodate their male years. The service operated paents. Mrs. LaRosee then added an with a very small budget and operang room and another room to could not maintain its vehi- accommodate four people. She cle. Long me rancher and Royal Canadian Mounted Police charged $30 for the delivery of a baby local legend Bert Sheppard Depot and a ten day stay.” Mrs. LaRosee died chose to leave a poron of in 1960.111 his estate and purchased a new ambulance for the Ser- Struggling to accommodate the health vice. He chose “a panel truck with high needs of the community local MLA ground clearance for off-road travel. George Hoadley was unsuccessful in The rancher kept adding opons to help convincing that the oil companies fund it service the public beer, running up the construcon of a new hospital us- the cost. Bert also insisted on painng it Polics and Government 113 ing a poron of withheld income from red.” their employees. The municipality was Polical Party convinced it was the responsibility of 4. Finance 1. Social Credit the province to a build a new hospital. In 1919, The Union Bank of Canada At a me when the only graveled roads In 1939, the locals proposed to use the opened a sub-branch of their Okotoks were from Macleod Trail to the const- Legion Hall as a hospital but a 40 x 60 branch in Black Diamond. Due to the uent’s MLA’s home, the Social Credit foot former cookhouse was instead condion of roads, at mes virtually party hosted bean suppers in Turner donated by oilman Bill Herron Sr. and impassable, the manager, Mr. A.B. King Valley to aract supporters. Residents opened that same year to accommo- would use air travel to fly between the of Turner Valley were looking for a date 10 paents. He charged $30 per two communies to ensure the Royalite change in government. The Social month for rental of the land, including Oil Co. payroll disbursement. It was the Credit party was another opon and an ulies. To meet the sufficiency of the first me in Canada that banking was 114 alternave vision for government. At hospital local businesses and the public made available by way of an airplane. the me, William Aberhart spoke on were asked to contribute. A hospital radio to aract new supporters to the associaon was then formed which In 1925, The Royal Bank amalgamated party. Social Credit meengs in Turner charged monthly membership fees to with the Union Bank of Canada. In 1928, Valley were held in various locaons,118 insure medical care at the hospital. The Royal Bank opened a full-me including schools and theatres, two of Benefit dances were held in 1943 and branch in Turner Valley managed by Mr. which sll stand today, however under 1944 to raise funds for the addion of M. G. Smith. A new building was later different funcons. more rooms with some equipment erected on the northwest corner of 115 being donated by the oil companies. Main Street and Sunset Boulevard. Once Aberhart won the elecon, the Mrs. Cora Burke and Miss MacLeod community of Turner Valley lost faith operated the facility prior to handing In 1927, the Royal Bank established its in the premier. Constuents hoped for the 25 room facility to the municipality first “oil and gas” branch in Alberta on the placement of a health officer and in 1948. The secluded locaon of the Turner Valley’s main street. The new the licensing of labour laws. Aberhart hospital on the banks of Sheep Creek locaon carried substanal account did not deliver. The Social Credit party west of Turner Valley was considered 112 amounts and exceeded deposits re- did not trust financial instuons. to be very special to the community. ceived at the Okotoks or High River “Alberta’s radical Credit House Act and It now contains the Youth With a Mis- branches. The Canadian Imperial Bank the Social Credit Measures Act in 1936 sion organizaon. of Commerce also operated a branch in threatened to control banks and cancel downtown Turner Valley during 1929 – interest payments incurred before The ambulance service was provided 1934.116 1932.” Such distrust caused immense by local undertakers in rural Alberta problems for Turner Valley aer the unl mid-1940, at which point Percy The Bank of Toronto was listed in Turner 1936 boom. A monthly $25 dividend to Wray, Tommy Hayhurst, John Rice, Valley’s first telephone directory in each Albertan promised by Aberhart John Houlden, and others in the com- 1929.11 due to his blaming the banks for the munity, formed the Turner Valley Am- poverty that flourished in the 1930’s bulance Service. Percy Wray worked did not come to fruion as mely as

26 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 2.0 Context Paper

Law Enforcement goals of the Legion were to provide a strong voice for veterans in terms of pension and other benefits for both Police veterans and their families. They pre- 1. The Royal Canadian pared for the troops' return with finan- Mounted Police cial compensaon, clothing allowanc- Royal Canadian Following the arrival of the es, pensions, and medical treatment, Legion North West Mounted Police training, and land selements. This in the west in 1873, the first naon-wide network of professional fort was established at Fort assistance connues today. It was not McLeod. The RCMP pa- unl 1960 that the term "Royal," with trolled various points reaching to the the Queen’s approval, was included in east side of the Rocky Mountains. It did the Legion's name.123 not take long for their presence to ar- expected. When it did finally arrive, rive in the Turner Valley region aer The charter for the Turner Valley Turner Valley pharmacist Joe Korczynski the establishment of Fort Calgary in Branch No. 78, Royal Canadian Legion described the payment as “funny mon- 1874. The first detachment opened at is dated January 1, 1929. The charter ey” of which the Turner Valley mer- Millarville in 1889. The second detach- was granted and signed by A. W. Currie chants accepted with ill feelings.119 ment opened in 1894 at the Rio Alto and B. M. Campbell for the Dominion (OH) Ranch west of Longview. On 1917 Council. There were ten charter mem- The Social Credit party was supported all policing was placed in the hands of bers at the me and meengs would by most residents of the oilfields, how- the Alberta Provincial Police Force. Not occur in private homes. The formaon ever, secretary-treasurer of Black Dia- unl 1932 did the mounted police, now of the Branch was preceded by the mond and Turner Valley Percy Wray officially known as the Royal Canadian “Red Chevron Club” of veterans who was relieved of his job because he did Mounted Police, take over provincial were oversees in 1914. In 1931, the not support the party yet with the sup- policing, aer which the first detach- membership increased to fiy at which port of the community his job was rein- ment opened in Turner Valley. Howev- me meengs were then held in the stated. The local community also had er the detachment was closed during Elk’s Hall, oen referred to as “The Percy Wray meet with Aberhart to save 1932 to 1937, and then reopened in Ram Pasture.” Aer the Elk’s Club dis- 122 the dismissals of others in the commu- 1937 unl 1954. The post, or detach- banded in 1932, the Legion obtained nity.120 ment as it is known, sll exists to the the Elk’s Hall building and moved it to a east of the Legion on its original lot parcel of land obtained from the Impe- By 1936, the community was very dis- with all original character-defining ele- rial Oil Company. By 1935, the building sasfied with the Social Credit party ments. was moved and remodeled for Legion 124 and the premier who led the party. At purposes. This building sll exists the me Jim McInnis was the mayor of Military and its configuraon speaks clearly to Turner Valley and stated the most in the many changes and addions it has the oilfields of the region distrusted the incurred over me. party. They felt they were being ne- Retrospecon glected by the party, especially when 1. Veterans and Veterans’ Organiza- A small group of wives of the WWI vet- the government was benefing from ons erans in the late 1930’s formed an aux- enormous profits from the oil and gas The Royal Canadian Legion was found- iliary to the Royal Canadian Legion. industry. By 1939, all residents of ed in Winnipeg in November, 1925, as Some of the members included Mrs. Turner Valley supporng the Social the Canadian Legion of the Brish Em- Lowery, Mrs. Watkin, Mrs. Rutherford, Credit party had let their memberships pire Services League (BESL) and was Mrs. Phelps, and several others. At expire. No one renewed. Aberhart le incorporated in 1926. BESL was found- first, meengs took place in private but, aer the 1940 elecon, another ed in 1921 as a coalion of Britain, homes for the purpose of sponsoring Social Credit candidate won. By 1944, Canada, South Africa, Australia and the Girl Guide organizaon. They also the oilfield once again boomed aer New Zealand and is now known as the sent parcels to men overseas during another elecon with the return of a Royal Commonwealth Ex-Services WWII. Funds to do this were raised Social Credit member in legislature.121 League (RCEL) with 57 member organi- through bridge pares held first at the zaons from 47 naons. Overall, the Scout Hall and then later at the exisng Legion Hall. “Overseas Relief” clothing

27 Communit Desig Stategies Inc.

2.0 Context Paper Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places was collected and sorted at the Legion Hall and shipped in mail bags donated by the local Post Office. Aer the war, a tea was held in the Legion Hall to welcome wives of the WWII service men. The original group of wives later handed the auxiliary over to the young- er women who, in turn, applied for a charter which was granted in May 1947. Mrs. Lowery, Mrs. Rutherford, Mrs. Andrews, and Mrs. Phelps, conn- ued as members, and addional mem- bers at that me included Mrs. H. Al- ger, Mrs. A. Wilkes, Mrs. W. Heyland, Mrs. Hetherington, Mrs. Calderwood, Mrs. D. St. Amond, Mrs. L. Archibald Jr., Mrs. Andrews, Mrs. A. Maloney, Mrs. F. Willock. Mrs. L. Lake, and Mrs. K. Hall. Over the years the women’s auxiliary helped considerably with do- naons of money to the men’s Legion Branch from bingos, catering, raffles, teas, bake sales, dances, and the ladies annual “Lile Brown Jug” bonspiel.124

28 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 2.0 Context Paper

26 53 1 Turner Valley Historical Society, “Turner Valley Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of Henry C. Klassen, “A Business History of Alberta”, 1999, p. 42 District Driving Tour”, 1993. the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, 27 1979, p. 17 2 Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of hp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the _petroleum_industry_in_Canada#Turner 54 David Finch, “Hell’s Half Acre: Early Days in the the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields”,

1979, p. 5 _Valley Great Alberta Oil Patch”, 2005, p. 151-152 28 55 3 ibid. Sandy Gow, “Roughnecks, Rock Bits and Rigs: Henry C. Klassen, “A Business History of 29 The Evoluon of Oil Well Drilling Technology Alberta”, 1999, p. 46 David Finch, “Hell’s Half Acre: Early Days in the in Alberta, 1883 – 1970”, 2005, p. 74 4 Great Alberta Oil Patch”, 2005, p. 25, and Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of Town of Turner Valley Website, 56 ibid., p. 27 the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, www.turnervalley.ca 57 1979, p. 6 Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of 30 5 the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, The MacKay Place | Hells Half Acre Oilfield Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, 1979, p. 498 Society, hellshalfacres.com/drupal/node/ 1979, pg. 23 58 view/630 ibid., p. 64 31 6 Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of Calgary & Southern Alberta / The Applied 59 David Finch, “Hell’s Half Acre: Early Days in the History Research Group / The University of the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, Great Alberta Oil Patch”, 2005, p. 27 -28 Calgary, Copyright © 1997, The Applied 1979, p. 5 60 History Research Group Sandy Gow, “Roughnecks, Rock Bits and Rigs: 7 ibid., p. 1 The Evoluon of Oil Well Drilling Technology 32 Town of Turner Valley Website, 8 in Alberta, 1883 – 1970”, 2005, p. 74 Judy Larmour, “Laying Down the Lines: A www.turnervalley.ca History of Land Surveying in Alberta”, 2005, p. 61 ibid., p. 26 33 Turner Valley Historical Society, “Turner Valley 2 62 District Driving Tour”, 1993. Donald G. Wetherell and Irene R.A. Kmet, 9 Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of 34 “Town Life: Main Street and the Evoluon of the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, David Finch, “Hell’s Half Acre: Early Days in the Small Town Alberta, 1880-1947”, 1995, p. 227 Great Alberta Oil Patch”, 2005, p. 87 1979, p. 1-2 63 35 Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of 10 ibid. ibid., p. 62 the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, 36 11 Sandy Gow, “Roughnecks, Rock Bits and Rigs: 1979, p. 66 ibid., p. 2–3 The Evoluon of Oil Well Drilling Technology 64 12 Donald G. Wetherell and Irene R.A. Kmet, Sandy Gow, “Roughnecks, Rock Bits and Rigs: in Alberta, 1883–1970”, 2005, p. 25 “Town Life: Main Street and the Evoluon of The Evoluon of Oil Well Drilling Technology in 37 ibid., p. 74 Small Town Alberta, 1880-1947”, 1995, p. 116 Alberta, 1883 – 1970”, 2005, p. 67 38 65 13 Turner Valley Historical Society, “Turner Valley Turner Valley Historical Society, “Turner Valley ibid., p. 161 District Driving Tour”, 1993. 66 District Driving Tour”, 1993. Donald G. Wetherell and Irene R.A. Kmet, 39 14 “Town Life: Main Street and the Evoluon of Henry C. Klassen, “A Business History of ibid. 40 Small Town Alberta, 1880-1947”, 1995, p. 223 Alberta”, 1999, p. 42 ibid. -227 15 Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of 41 ibid. 67 Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, 42 Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, 1979, p. 3–5 the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, 1979, p. 96 16 Henry C. Klassen, “A Business History of 1979, p. 10 68 ibid. Alberta”, 1999, p. 43 43 ibid., p. 74-75 69 17 David Finch, “Hell’s Half Acre: Early Days in the ibid., p. 44 44 David Finch, “Hell’s Half Acre: Early Days in the Great Alberta Oil Patch”, 2005, p. 146 18 Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of Great Alberta Oil Patch”, 2005, p 136 70 Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, 45 Sandy Gow, “Roughnecks, Rock Bits and Rigs: 1979, p. 5 the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, The Evoluon of Oil Well Drilling Technology 1979, p. 96-97, 741 19 Henry C. Klassen, “A Business History of in Alberta, 1883 – 1970”, 2005, p. 63 71 ibid., p. 511-513 Alberta”, 1999, p. 43 46 ibid., p. 64 72 20 ibid., p. 97 Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of 47 Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of 73 the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, ibid., p. 435 1979, p. 5, 196 74 1979, p. 66 ibid., p. 97 21 ibid., p. 41 48 75 ibid. ibid., p. 613 22 ibid. 49 David Finch, “Hell’s Half Acre: Early Days in the 76 ibid., p. 274 23 David Finch, “Hell’s Half Acre: Early Days in the Great Alberta Oil Patch”, 2005, p. 51 77 ibid., p. 97 Great Alberta Oil Patch”, 2005, p. 19-20 50 ibid., p. 170 78 24 ibid. Turner Valley Historical Society, “Turner Valley 51 ibid., p. 28–29 79 District Driving Tour”, 1993. ibid. 52 ibid., p. 49–50 80 25 David Finch, “Hell’s Half Acre: Early Days in the ibid., p. 105 Great Alberta Oil Patch”, 2005, p. 25, 62 81 ibid., p. 103, 104

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 29 2.0 Context Paper Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places

82 David Finch, “Hell’s Half Acre: Early Days in the 116 David Finch, “Hell’s Half Acre: Early Days in the Great Alberta Oil Patch”, 2005, p. 171-72 Great Alberta Oil Patch”, 2005, p. 183-84 83 ibid., p 172 117 Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of 84 the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, ibid., p. 111 1979, p. 96 85 ibid., p. 143-144 118 David Finch, “Hell’s Half Acre: Early Days in the 86 ibid, p. 186 Great Alberta Oil Patch”, 2005, p. 195 87 Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of 119 ibid., p. 198 the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, 120 1979, p. 133-34, 135 - 136 ibid., p. 199 121 88 ibid., p. 162 ibid., p. 200-201 122 89 Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of David Finch, “Hell’s Half Acre: Early Days in the the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, Great Alberta Oil Patch”, 2005, p. 186 1979, p. 197-98 90 Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of 123 the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, ibid., p. 260 – 262 1979, p. 165-66 124 ibid., p. 263 91 ibid., p. 165-66 92 David Finch, “Hell’s Half Acre: Early Days in the Great Alberta Oil Patch”, 2005, p. 184-85 93 ibid., p. 54-55 94 ibid., p 147 95 ibid. 96 ibid., p. 147-148 97 Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, 1979, p. 103 98 ibid. 99 ibid., p. 741 100 ibid., p. 104 101 David Finch, “Hell’s Half Acre: Early Days in the Great Alberta Oil Patch”, 2005, p. 150-51, p. 663 102 Donald G. Wetherell and Irene R.A. Kmet, “Town Life: Main Street and the Evoluon of Small Town Alberta, 1880-1947”, 1995, p. 121. 103 David Finch, “Hell’s Half Acre: Early Days in the Great Alberta Oil Patch”, 2005, p. 172-73 104 ibid., 173 105 ibid. 106 ibid., p. 129 107 ibid., p. 174 108 ibid., p. 175 109 ibid., p. 175-76 110 ibid., p. 176 111 ibid., p. 176-78 112 ibid., p. 178-79 113 ibid. 114 Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, 1979, p. 95 115 ibid., p. 95 - 96

30 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley List of Historic Places

Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 3.0 List of Historic Places

Sites Included in Inventory Municipal Address Year Map Page Built Page North Turner Valley High School 820 Imperial Drive SE 1933 34 37

Planet Petroleum and Autoworks 302 Main Street NW c 1949 34 39

Post Office 132 Main Street NW 1955 34 41

Royal Canadian Legion 121 Sunset Boulevard SE 1935 34 43

Royal Canadian Mounted Police Depot 201 Sunset Boulevard SE c 1924 34 45

St. Georges Anglican Church 208 Main Street SW 1948 34 47

The Solloway Mills Company Building 220 Main Street NW 1929 34 49

Turner Valley Hospital 1205 Okalta Road SW c 1930 34 51

Wray McRae Building 146 Main Street NW c 1937 34 53

Sites Not Eligible for Inventory or Municipal Address Year Map Page Municipal Designaon Built Page Cougar’s Bar 117 Sunset Boulevard SW 1929 34 85

Coyote Moon 202 Main Street NW c 1945 34 89

L.A.B. Variety Store Ltd. 108 Main Street NW c 1926 34 93

McMahon’s Roofing 113 Sunset Boulevard SW c 1929 34 97

Valley Hardware 112 Main Street NW c 1932 34 101

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 33 4.0 Map of Historic Places Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places

34 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Dra Statements of Significance

Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 5.0 Draft Statements of Significance

North Turner Valley High School 820 Imperial Drive SE

Descripon of Heritage Place

The resource is a 1933, two-storey, stucco-finished, building situated on the grounds of the Turner Valley Golf Course, mid-way between Turner Valley and Black Diamond. The structure is set on a 3 foot high foundaon, and crowned with a crenellated stepped parapet that curves over the original main entrance flanked by a slight mimic of balement-like pilasters. Large fenes- traon opening mark the original classroom spaces, and what was once the school corridor sll terminates with an angled bay- like treatment with fenestraon opening on each face. The structure’s interior somewhat maintains the original interior class- room and administrave office spaal configuraon within the renovated interior. Addional wings reminiscent of the original structure have been added to accommodate its new funcon as a Golf Club House.

Heritage Value

The heritage value of the North Turner Valley High School lies in its associaon with the themes of urban development and with the instuon of educaon; its style, type and method of construcon; and its landmark value as a centre for educaon.

The building is significant for its associaon with the theme of urban development spurred on by the second oil and gas boom that occurred in Turner Valley in 1924 when the Royalite Company brought in the “Royalite No. 4” well. The selement of Turner Valley connued to grow and on February 25, 1930, Turner Valley incorporated as a Village.1 The rapid growth sparked demand for a new and larger high school to serve the area.

The building is also significant for its associaon with the theme of educaon. In 1932, a commercial high school program was established in Turner Valley that also included a night school program. During the fall of 1932, the High School opened in Sco’s Apartments. The North Turner Valley High School opened its doors in 1933.2

In the mid 1930’s, it was decided that, to save money, a single high school would be built to serve both Turner Valley and Black Diamond. There was much debate as to which community should accommodate the school to be constructed. While most of the students would be from Turner Valley, there was no adequate water supply. Black Diamond, on the other hand, had a plenful supply of good water. The Chief School Inspector, Mr. Gorman, seled the dispute by locang the school halfway between the two communies. The school included classrooms, office, science room, home economics room, showers and indoor toilets. The school was set against a backdrop of the Rockies and landscaped with lawns, shrubs, and flowers.3

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 37 5.0 Draft Statements of Significance Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places

School Inspector J.A. MacGregor noted in his 1935 report that the district, “affords more diversificaon in educaon than is obtainable at any other point of the Province, outside the cies of Calgary and Edmonton. During that same year new services, such as Home Economics and Manual Arts, with a modern laboratory for the former and a work shop and equipped for both wood and metal work for the laer, were provided. Fully qualified instructors provided instrucon not only to the High School pupils, but also to the boys and girls in grades twelve and thirteen throughout the district.4

The building also has significance for its architectural design and method of construcon. The building features a stepped crenellated parapet; and a curved parapet detail over main entrance that is flanked by crenellated pilasters. It has massive scale and form unlike other buildings in the community.

The building is also significant for its landmark value as a centre for educaon in the community.

Character-Defining Elements

Exterior:  Original locaon halfway between Turner Valley and Black Diamond on the grounds of the Turner Valley Golf Course  Form, massing, scale, and interrelaonship of spaces  Stepped parapet  Curved parapet detail over main entrance flanked by crenellated pilasters  Raised (gateway-shaped) panel detail around original main entry  Raised band following line of stepped, curved, and crenellated parapet  Original wood basement windows in foundaon  Stucco exterior  Two raised stucco panels on each of west and east sidewalls  West side bay window  Height of foundaon (5’ - 6”) above ground level  Metal roof access ladder on west side  Stepped, curved parapet detail over all entries  Original openings and locaons of the large classroom windows

Interior:  Metal railing on interior entry stair  Locaon and configuraon of interior stairs on either side of original entry leading to basement  A sense of the original interior spaal configuraon somewhat retained within the renovated interior

Sources:

1 Turner Valley Historical Society, “Turner Valley District Driving Tour”, 1993 2 Sheep River Historical Society, “In The Light of the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, 1979, p. 143 3 ibid., p. 154 4 ibid., p. 143

38 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 5.0 Draft Statements of Significance

Planet Petroleum and Autoworks 302 Main Street NW

Descripon of Heritage Place

The Plant Petroleum and Autoworks is a mid-tweneth century, flat-roofed, concrete block structure situated on Main Street North on the main transportaon corridor through Turner Valley. The structure contains the original “gas shack” constructed in circa 1949, and has undergone a series of concrete block addions that speak to the ever-growing need for automove service within the community. The lower façade contains protruding, curved concrete block pilasters that defines the bay and entrances.

Heritage Value

The heritage value of the Planet Petroleum and Autoworks building lies in its associaon with the theme of transportaon, urban development, and its landmark value within the community as one of the first gas shacks selling gasoline for automo- biles.

The building is significant for its associaon with the theme of transportaon. The history of the resource stems from the second oil and gas boom that occurred in Turner Valley in 1924 when the Royalite Company succeeded the original Calgary consorum brought in by the “Royalite No.4” well. During this me the enre country was dealing with an intense post-war recession, thus the second boom arrived much slower than the first. Addionally, operators quesoned the producve capaci- ty of the field as it showed limited producon results. Aside from these concerns the selement of Turner Valley connued to grow and on February 25, 1930, Turner Valley incorporated as a Village.1 Buses were a means of transport for the oilfield work- ers to and from the rigs. Cars were purchased to transport workers and, due to the condions of the roads, vehicles required frequent maintenance at such service facilies as Planet Petroleum and Autoworks, that was originally baery-charging busi- ness and a gas shack .2 Many companies operated with a fleet of trucks to haul supplies. By the early 1950’s, the number of men, or “roughnecks” as they were called, that could afford a car or truck increased dramacally. This placed considerable pressure to improve road condions, thus more main roads were either graveled or paved for standard transportaon and for easier transportaon of crews to various sites,3 and thus an increased service for automove service and gasoline provisions developed.

The building is also significant for its associaon with urban development. It represents the one-sided street paern of urban development that dictated where the resource was to be located. In the early years, companies held leases for their employees to build, but did not have any available land for merchants to build. Although the signs posted by the companies

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 39 5.0 Draft Statements of Significance Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places were clear in stang that merchants were not welcome, the tenacity of such future business owners won as they gained control of a one-sided street that stretched a couple of miles long facing the company fence line. It was then called the “Main Drag”.4 During the period of 1924–29, the only businesses in the early years of the first boom since 1914 were a general store and a post office. From the north end of main street their existed the Royal Lumber Yard and Mrs. McDonald’s hair dressing parlor a few doors further south. Two blocks further was Sandy Mitchell’s Service Staon, which became Ollie Olson’s “The Double O” owned by Bob Love and Rudi Sorge, which now operates as Planet Petroleum and Autoworks.5

The building is also significant for retaining its landmark value. Originally built in the 1920’s, it was a small building operang as a baery-charging business and later sold miscellaneous auto parts and appliances. It burned down in circa 1949 and was rebuilt as a gas shack owned by Ollie Olson who sold gasoline for vehicles. The name “Double O” came from the name Ollie Olson, and the sign connues to be displayed on the centre poron where the original shack sll exists, and remains a landmark to this day.6 Ollie Olson worked at the Turner Valley Gas Plant and bought the business when he rered from the Turner Valley Gas Plant. He ran the business for one year before passing away. The building sat idle unl Mr. Olson’s widow rented the building to Bob Love for seven years, who then sold it to Walter Spohr in 1961 and then sold it to Rudy Sorge Senior in 1962. Rudy Sorge operated the building as a gas staon with a repair business and enlarged the building in 1965 with a series of addions leading into the 1990’s. The family business is now owned by Rudy Sorge Junior. The gas bar no longer exists and the building is now a full service auto repair and parts business.7

Character-Defining Elements

 Locaon on corner of Main Street and Frontenac Avenue  Concrete block pilasters with rounded corners  Scale, massing, and form  Concrete connuous lintel  Moulded wood-frame windows with slip sill  Side concrete block pilasters  Height of ceiling in inial bay repair area  "Double O Service" sign located on original centre bay  The sequence of addions over me

Sources:

1 Turner Valley Historical Society, “Turner Valley District Driving Tour”, 1993 2 Sandy Gow, “Roughnecks, Rock Bits and Rigs: The Evoluon of Oil Well Drilling Technology in Alberta, 1883 – 1970”, 2005, p. 74 3 ibid. 4 Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, 1979, p. 105 5 ibid., p. 103-104 6 ibid., p. 105 7 Turner Valley Open House, July - August 2010

40 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 5.0 Draft Statements of Significance

Turner Valley Post Office 132 Main Street NW

Descripon of Heritage Place

The resource is a 1955, single-storey, flat-roofed, stucco-finished, building located on the west side of one of the central blocks on Main Street. The building has interesng modern lines and character expressed by a play in horizontal and vercal planes, a recessed front façade entry, and a slightly recessed façade secon containing two fixed window sashes with a four-over-two window light paern. The interior contains original woodwork detailing, doors, and wall paneling in public mail retrieval area.

Heritage Value

The heritage value of the Turner Valley Post Office building lies in its associaon with the theme of urban development and community life; its associaon with the instuon of postal services; the design style of the building; and the landmark value as a central post office for the community.

The building is significant for its associaon with the theme of urban development and community life. The first Post Office in Turner Valley was in Tom Fowler’s store starng in 1926. Fowler’s Store was one of the first businesses in what would become Turner Valley and oen the first stop for new arrivals in the region. The establishment of a post office in a community was very important as it formalized the name of the community, its definive border, became a social meeng place, and was typically located in the centre of a community. Fowler later became the village’s first Mayor.1 The Post Office was later moved to the front of Lowery’s Hardware during William Lowery’s term as Postmaster from 1943 unl his death in 1954.2 The current post office building was constructed in 1954-55, and is representave of the increasing need for postal services as the community connued to grow. The postmistress at the me was Irene Mason who rered in 1968. William Rod Cameron was then postmaster unl he was promoted in 1977. Isobel (Bell) Lariviere was acng postmistress unl later that year when Allan Armstrong was given the posion.3

The building is also significant for its associaon with the instuon of postal services. Postal service in the Turner Valley area began in 1895 at a cabin owned by Harry Denning Senior and named the Lineham Post Office, aer John Lineham, the first Member of Parliament in the area. Harry Bescoby made the trip twice a week to pick up mail in Okotoks and delivered it to the Lineham Post Office.4

The building is also significant for its characterisc modern design typical of smaller rural post offices of this period in Alberta. During the 1950’s and 1960’s, modern federal postal buildings were erected in hundreds of small towns and cies as the

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 41 5.0 Draft Statements of Significance Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places number of postal employees increased parallel with the increase in postal service. In the 1950’s the federal government adopt- ed a different architectural style that moved away from the more tradional gothic detailing to a more modern approach simi- lar to the Internaonal style that integrated simple cubic volumes, and the interplay of horizontal and vercal planes. Overall, the simple style was to represent a clean and efficient image of the federal bureaucrac system. The one-storey stucco fin- ished building retains a strong presence on Main Street with detailing with modern detailing of the recessed front façade, hori- zontally aligned window openings, and the interplay of strong horizontal and vercal planes.

Character-Defining Elements

Exterior:  Scale, massing, and form  Original stucco exterior finish  Original central Main Street locaon  Abutment to public sidewalk  The linear character with the slightly recessed front façade paern of horizontal and vercal planes of the structure  Original four-over-two, fixed, wood-frame windows with lug sills on front façade  Recessed entry way with horizontal division of sidelights and transparent transom over entry door  Flat roof with horizontal flat roof extension over entry  Original storms with vercal metal bars between windows with slip sills on north side  Original three-panel exterior door on north side  South side window same as north  One-over-one, single-hung, wood window with wood trim and lug sill on rear  Rear one-by-one, fixed wood window with lug sill with bars on window

Interior:  Interior side door with window and metal bars over glass  Interior wood paneling with all wood window frames  Original small wood counter  Original wood door separang the mail box lobby and post office

Sources:

1 Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, 1979, p. 103 2 ibid., p. 104 3 ibid., p. 103 4 ibid., p. 201

42 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 5.0 Draft Statements of Significance

Royal Canadian Legion 121 Sunset Boulevard SE

Descripon of Heritage Place

The Royal Canadian Legion is an early 1930’s, one-and-a-half storey, stucco-finished, building located on Sunset Boulevard SE. It has a series of medium-gabled roofs and a collecon of massing that contains the original building moved to the site in 1932, The building underwent several addions between 1947 and 1973 that are clearly evident in the juxtaposion of the various forms and massing that combine into the overall footprint paern.

Heritage Value

The heritage value of the Turner Valley Legion building lies in its associaon with the theme of military; its associaon with the instuon of the Royal Canadian Legion; its method of construcon; and its landmark value within the community as an important facility for community events.

The history of the resource as the Royal Canadian Legion building stems from the early 1930’s. Prior to the formaon of the branch there was a “Red Chevron Club” of veterans who had gone overseas in 1914. Other veterans were members of the Great War Veterans Associaon. The Charter for the Royal Canadian Legion Turner Valley Branch No. 78 is dated January 29, 1929, and is signed by Canadian Army General Sir Arthur William Currie. By 1931, the membership had grown from 19 members to 50 in total. Aer incorporaon the new Branch connued to meet in private homes unl an expanding membership requested space in the local Elks Hall that same year.1 In 1932, the Elks Club was disbanded and the Branch bought and moved the Elk’s building to a piece of land obtained from the Imperial Oil Company.2 The building itself was inially an old school which stood near the Royalites Offices and was used by the Elks and as a dance hall, movie theatre, and Sunday School.3 The move and remodeling effort was completed in 1935 through voluntary labour and member donaons.4

In the late 1930’s, a small group of wives of the WWI Veterans formed an auxiliary to the Legion for the purpose sponsoring organizaons and raising funds and clothing for overseas relief.5 At the outbreak of World War II, Branch No. 78 became the home of two local milia units that resulted in the Calgary Highlanders and an Engineers conngent. The hall was used as their home base and drill hall. A civil defense detachment was also formed. When the new veterans returned from overseas in 1945, they were given a debt free building and a $1,000 savings bond. An addion to the hall was made in 1947, and the canteen also opened. More extensive renovaons were made in 1973, aer which membership expanded to over 200 veterans.6

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 43 5.0 Draft Statements of Significance Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places

The building is also significant for its method of construcon. The 1947 and 1973 addions to the original building are evident, and can be clearly read in the overall massing of the structure. This interconnecon of spaces and mass has produced a building that clearly speaks of the need to accommodate a growing Legion membership, as well as an increasing need to provide space for the growing needs of the community in general.

The building also carries significance for retaining its landmark value as a facility that was central to many community acvies. The Branch no. 78 has been of service to the Oilfield’s community in several ways. In 1936, Cmde. W. Lowery was instrumental in the branch becoming the sponsoring organizaon for the Boy Scouts and Cubs. The Branch became the sponsoring organizaon for the Army Cadet Corps in 1965, and also supported high school athlecs, academic awards, and make annual donaons to the Salvaon Army and the Turner Valley Hospital.7 Beginning in 1944, the Legion Hall was used on Saturday nights by a group wanng to entertain teenagers. It was referred to by various names such as Teentown, Val Teen and Canteen. The Royalite Oil Company supplied a bus that picked up teens in Longview, Royalites, and Black Diamond. They used Bill Mitchel’s record collecon as well as their own records. The teenagers were then driven home at midnight. The club also held sleigh rides, skang pares, and square dance contests. Cliff Moore and Len White’s orchestra played for special occasions.8

Character-Defining Elements

 Original locaon east of Main Street facing Highway 22  Mass, form, and scale  Interrelaonship of addions over me  Locaon of the building, setback from Sunset Boulevard, and adjacent a large parking lot that separates the structure from the former RCMP building  Exterior stucco finish  Original wood sliding windows with a moulded a wood frame in foundaon  Shape and scale of original chimney on exterior of south wall  Exterior brick chimney on south west side  Wood venlaon grills in upper gables  Interplay of gabled roofs  Cenotaph located on north side of building adjacent to Sunset Boulevard

Sources:

1 Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, 1979, p. 260 2 ibid. 3 ibid., p. 180 4 ibid., p. 260 5 ibid., p. 263 6 ibid., p. 262 7 ibid. 8 ibid., p. 192

44 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 5.0 Draft Statements of Significance

Royal Canadian Mounted Police Depot 201 Sunset Boulevard SE

Descripon of Heritage Place

The Royal Canadian Mounted Police Depot is a mid-1920’s, one-and-a-half storey, wood-frame structure with a hipped roof, original single-hung wood windows, wood trim and original interior oak and pine wood floors throughout. Southeast of the main commercial center, the building was moved to this site from the Regal Royalites oil well south of Turner Valley in 1937, and stands on the southeast corner of the Town of Turner Valley on a treed lot with an elevated expansive view of the valley to the north, and immediately adjacent to the Royal Canadian Legion parking lot to the west.

Heritage Value

The heritage value of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) building lies in its associaon with the theme of law enforcement and urban development; its associaon with the instuons of Regal Royalites and the RCMP; its crasman architecture; and its landmark value within the municipality as a centre of law enforcement in a community.

The building is significant for its associaon with the theme of law enforcement and its associaon with the RCMP. The history of the resource stems from the arrival of the North West Mounted Police in the west in 1873. The RCMP patrolled various points reaching to the east side of the Rocky Mountains. It did not take long for their presence to arrive in the Turner Valley region aer the establishment of Fort Calgary in 1874. The first detachment opened at Millarville in 1889. The second detach- ment opened in 1894 at the Rio Alto (OH) Ranch west of Longview. In 1917, all policing was placed in the hands of the Alberta Provincial Police Force. Not unl 1932 did the mounted police, now officially known as the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, take over provincial policing, aer which the first detachment opened in Turner Valley in a house across the street to the north of this locaon. However, the detachment closed during 1932 to 1937, and then reopened in this building in 1937 unl 1954.1 The post, or detachment as it is known, currently funcons as a residence with all its original character-defining elements.

The building is also significant for its associaon with the Regal Royalites oil company. This building was formerly owned by Imperial Oil and then by Regal Royalites at a well site south of Turner Valley. It was moved to Turner Valley and, in 1937, and became the RCMP detachment building with cell in the basement and office and living quarters upstairs.2

The building also carries significance for its associaon with crasman architecture. The RCMP depot is a one-and-a-half sto- rey, wood-frame structure with a hipped roof, original single-hung wood windows, wood trim and original interior oak and pine wood floors throughout. The interior spaal configuraon and size of rooms, the design elements, wood detailing, single-

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 45 5.0 Draft Statements of Significance Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places hung wood windows, exposed raers, clapboard siding, as well as the interior five-paneled doors, light fixtures, deep baseboards, door hardware, and supply air grilles, are all typical of crasman style architecture built during the early 1900’s in the province. This structure has retained many of the features that add immensely to the value of this resource.

The building is also significant for retaining its landmark value. The building stands southeast of the main commercial center on the southern entrance to the community on a treed lot with an elevated expansive view of the valley to the north, and immediately adjacent to the Royal Canadian Legion parking lot to the west. It was here that both law enforcement and court were held for a turbulent period of Turner Valley’s development. The RCMP connues to have a detachment located in Turner Valley.

Character-Defining Elements

Exterior:  Locaon southeast of Main Street facing Highway 22  Elevated expansive view to the north  Mass, form, and scale  Hipped roof with brick chimney  All original wood storm windows  Exposed raers under eaves  Moulded trim on heads and sides of windows and doors, with slip sills on windows.  Fixed porch canopy over front entry door  Side entry to basement RCMP office and cells  Clapboard under newer vinyl siding  Remains of garden used during RCMP period

Interior:  Three inch pine plank floor in kitchen, and a 1-½ inch oak plank floor in living room  Interior layout and finishes of rooms on main floors  Wood windows and frames  Single-hung wood windows  Five-panel shaped interior doors  Half-door in kitchen  Ceiling light fixtures  Eight-inch base boards  All door hardware  Air supply grills in basement ceiling

Sources:

1 Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, 1979, p. 197-98 2 Turner Valley Oilfield Society website, “hp://hellshalfacres.com”

46 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 5.0 Draft Statements of Significance

St. George’s Anglican Church 208 Main Street SW

Descripon of Heritage Place

The St. George’s Anglican Church is a 1948, wood-frame, stucco-clad structure located on Main Street South just south of the commercial district. The church carries a high-pitched gable roof with return eaves, and pointed arch stained glass windows. It contains much of its original interior material, scissor truss system, and a pointed arch framing the sanctuary.

Heritage Value

The heritage value of the St. George’s Anglican Church lies in its associaon with the theme of spiritual life; its design and method of construcon; its associaon with the instuon of the Anglican Church; and its landmark status within the community.

The building is significant for its associaon with the theme of spiritual life. The history of the resource stems from 1908, when the building was constructed at Gladys Ridge, approximately 19-kilometres east of Okotoks, by members of the Anglican congregaon. The charter was given in March 1907, with the church to be named St. Aldon’s. However, the name was changed to St. Andrews in August 1907.

The building is significant for its design and method of construcon. Deacon Henry N. Pickle, formerly an architect, drew up the plans for the building and fashioned the first altar, chancel rails, prayer desk, and other furnishings. The carpenters were Absalom Merrisson, son Bill, and brother-in-law Mr. Warcup.1 The building is a simple structure with an exposed light mber scissor truss system that speaks to the simple means of construcon during the early 1900’s. At the same me, the interior is rich in architectural detail that speaks to the congregaon’s affirmaon to the church and their religious beliefs.

The building is also significant for its associaon with the instuon of the Anglican Church. With declining membership it was decided to add Blackie to the parish, at which me the church was moved there in 19232 (1924 in Gladys history book), and then to Turner Valley in 1948.3 Anglican Services in Turner Valley began in the high school in 1937. In the late 1940’s, the church at Blackie became available if the Turner Valley congregaon paid for the moving costs. The Royalite Oil Company donated land for the church just south of the commercial district. With low power and telephone lines along the route from Blackie to Turner Valley, the roof had to be removed to accommodate the move. The interior lath and plaster walls suffered minor damage and were easily repaired.

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 47 5.0 Draft Statements of Significance Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places

Over the years, changes to the building included stuccoing the exterior, and replacing the interior lath and plaster walls with insulaon and paneling. In 1992, the small vestry was removed and replaced with a larger one that included a heang system. Linoleum was put on the flooring and the roof was insulated.4

The building is also significant for retaining its landmark value placed on a slight rise overlooking Main Street on the south side of Turner Valley. The church connues to be a focus for the Anglican community for weddings, funerals, church services and meengs in the adjacent church hall.

Character-Defining Elements

Exterior:  Original locaon on Main Street  Mass, form, and scale  Placement on a large open grassed site facing west  Pointed arched windows  Enclosed front porch with steep-pitched gable roof  Returned eaves with a wide fascia and wood soffit  Pointed arched head over door with blind transom  Pointed arched windows on south and north sides of sanctuary with lug sill  Stucco exterior  Simple wood cross at peak of verge on west side  Intricate stained glass with religious images on east side  Wood doors with inscribed markings  Pointed terminaon of verge fascia with plain verge soffit  Bell tower and bell located near northeast corner

Interior:  Vercal wood wall-paneling within porch with exposed raers  Interior porch two panel-shaped doors with original hardware, moulded side frames, and a cornice head  Cornice moulding over interior porch entry and side moulded frames  Ten-inch moulded baseboard  Pointed arched windows with moulded frame, deep window well with lug sills and moulded apron  Casement windows  Original wood pews ,lectern, font, and prayer desk  Exposed scissor truss roof structure  Central nave and pointed arch framing raised altar  Four-panel wood door with original hardware  Wood-paneled vestments closet with original hardware  Wood brackets on either side of altar  Altar cross in memory of Major General Lord Roberts  Plaque on north wall in memory of Hestor Roberts  Wooden plaque above organ plaorm on east wall honoring those who gave me and labour to establish the parish

Sources:

1 Dinton Women’s Instute, ``Gladys and Dinton through the Years: A History of the Gladys and Dinton Districts and the Biographies of the Men and Women Who Pioneered the Area``, 1965, p. 49-50 2 Fencelines and Furrows History Book Society, ``Fencelines and Furrows``, 1971, p. 119 3 Sheep River Historical Society, ``In the Light of the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields``, 1979, p. 134 4 Palma Hemming, ``St. George’s History``, no date

48 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 5.0 Draft Statements of Significance

The Solloway Mills Co. Building 220 Main Street NW

Descripon of Heritage Place

The resource is a simple, 1929, one-and-a-half storey, wood-frame building situated on the west side of the main commercial street in Turner Valley. The structure has a medium-gabled roof, original pressed-metal siding on the sides and rear, and retains original door and window openings under wood siding on front façade. The original “Shop Rite- Store” sign and gooseneck light sll exists in the upper front gable.

Heritage Value

The heritage value of the Solloway Mills Company building lies in its associaon with the themes of urban development, business and industry; its associaon with Isaac Solloway; and its simplicity in design.

Built in 1929 by the Solloway Mills Co., a stock brokerage and investment business,1 the building is significant for its associaon with the theme of urban development. The history of the resource stems from the second oil and gas boom that occurred in Turner Valley in 1924. At that me, the community established a one-sided street paern of urban development. In the early years, companies held leases for their employees to build but did not have any available land for merchants to construct for their businesses. Although the signs posted by the companies were clear in stang that merchants were not welcome, the tenacity of such future business owners won as they gained control of a one-sided street that stretched a couple of miles long facing the company fence line. It was then called the “Main Drag”.2 The Solloway Mills Company building is located on this one -sided street.

The building is also significant for its associaon with the theme of businesses and industry, and also with Isaac Solloway. A principal in what would become the largest brokerage company in Canada, Isaac William Cannon Solloway began his career through prospecng and mining in northern Ontario in the years leading up to World War I. Following a period in the army, his enduring interest in mining development led him into the brokerage business with partner Harvey Mills in 1926. Solloway Mills and Company began officially in Toronto, Ontario, with a starng capital of $17,000. Diligence and commitment led Solloway to prosper with his partner, and within a few years the brokerage had over 70,000 customers and 35 offices in Canada in ad- dion to one in Newfoundland, three in the United States and one in England. Solloway first came to Alberta in 1927 to inves- gate investment possibilies with companies drilling for oil in Turner Valley, roughly 55 kilometres from Calgary and, shortly aer, the Calgary office of Solloway, Mills and Company employed 115 people.3

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 49 5.0 Draft Statements of Significance Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places

Through the years the Solloway Mills Co. building changed hands frequently, like many other businesses and residences in this era of boom and bust and transient occupaons. In late 1930, the building was converted into a grocery store and living quarters by Ron Freeman. Three years later, Tom Hayhurst bought the building for a butcher shop. The floors were raw, oiled wood. A pot-bellied black stove in the middle was always on in fall and winter – a gathering place for older men to sit around. The meat secon had an old fashioned chopping block which was used every day.4 It operated as a butcher shop unl 1935, when A. Chester Simpson became the new owner. In 1948 Simpson sold it to another Thomas Hayhurst (Mr. and Mrs. Tom & Evelyn Hayhurst), Tom's nephew. In 1992, the Pro Building Center purchased the building, blocked the front windows and door, and adapted the inside for use as storage. Unl then, shelves had lined the walls and displays were set up down the middle of the interior.

The building also contains significance for its simplicity in structure. The structure speaks to the minimalist methods of materials and construcon to contain a viable and shared funcon. Built in 1929, and located on Main Street, the store was originally divided down the center. The Solloway Mills Co. operated in the south half of the building and the north half was used as Campbell's Clothing Shop operated by Colin Campbell and Percy Willis.5 The building was one of few to survive the 1931 fire that destroyed most of the buildings on Main Street.

Character-Defining Elements

 Locaon on main street and proximity to adjacent businesses  Footprint, mass, and scale  Abutment to the public sidewalk  Medium-gable roof with exposed raers along eaves, and wood fascia on eaves and verges  Pressed-metal siding on either side and rear  Original window openings with moulded wood frames and wood slip sills  Original concrete step and entry, as well as exposed door sill  "Shop Rite-Store" sign and original gooseneck light on front gable  Hollow concrete block chimney on north side  Original window openings on north side with slip sills and plain wood trim also on rear  Two original door openings on rear  Original entry door and display windows under temporary slip cover

Sources:

1 Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of the Flares, History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, 1979, p. 107 2 Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of the Flares, History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, 1979, p. 105 3 www.albertasource.ca/lawcases/criminal/doublejeopardy/people_solloway.htm 4 Turner Valley Open House, July - August 2010 5 Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of the Flares, History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, 1979, p. 736

50 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 5.0 Draft Statements of Significance

Turner Valley Hospital 1205 Okalta Road SW

Descripon of Heritage Place

The resource is a one-and-a-half storey, wood-frame structure located on the southeast of the community along the Sheep River. The structure contains the original circa 1930, renovated cook house with several wings constructed in the mid-1940’s and in 1961. It is a one-and-a-half storey, medium-gabled building, finished with cemenous siding and stucco, containing original door and window openings, and retaining its original interior space configuraon and materials.

Heritage Value

The heritage value of the Turner Valley Hospital lies in its associaon with the theme of health and the provision of medical services; its associaon to the innovave reuse of an exisng structure to operate as a healthcare facility; and as a community landmark as the community’s hospital.

The building is significant for its associaon with the theme of health and the provision of medical services. The history of the resource dates from when the demand for a hospital outstripped the medical service provided by the oil companies, and in private homes. For many years, the Royalite Oil Company maintained a doctor and a first aid staon adjacent to the gas plant in Turner Valley.1 The first hospital in Turner Valley was operated in 1928, at the home of nurse Rose Ellen LaRosee on Frontenac Avenue.2 In 1939, an abandoned Okalta Oil Co. cook house near the river was remodeled to become a hospital under the management of Mrs. Ray. In the fall of that same year, management was taken over by Miss Mabel McLeod and Mrs. Cora Burke. The rental arrangements were made with Bill Herron, then president of Okalta Oils, at $30 per month, including water, light, and gas. With modest alteraons, the building was converted to a twelve-bed hospital with a nursery, office, and case room that also served as an operang room. The basement contained a kitchen, laundry, and ulity room. The late Dr. Harry Lander and Dr. Dave Lander served the hospital faithfully for many years and, with the two matrons, rendered a service long remembered. An ambulance, donated by the Alberta Petroleum Associaon for the oilfield and district was housed and maintained at the Okalta garage near the hospital, and gave service without fee. The hospital was financed from modest fees and services given by Mrs. Burke and Miss McLeod. No other financial assistance was requested. Collecons from paents were nearly 100%, and maintenance was undertaken by Okalta Oils and other volunteers to ensure the instuon was able to sustain itself.

The building is also significant for its innovave reuse as a healthcare facility. In circa 1942, the Chief Medical Officer of Imperial Oil visited the Turner Valley Hospital during his tour of inspecon and was amazed that such an instuon was

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 51 5.0 Draft Statements of Significance Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places maintained privately and with volunteer help. On his recommendaon, the Royalite Oil Company donated $10,000 to reno- vate and upgrade the hospital. The Royalite Engineering Department assisted with architectural planning for a new wing and supervision for the actual building project. The southern extension was built at this me. A large root cellar was also built to store vegetables given for hospital use. Many necessary items such as oxygen equipment, sterilizers, wheel chairs and furni- ture were also given by thankful paents and parents to help furnish the new nursery, dining room and wards. A commu- nity dance and raffle also assisted with the purchase of new equipment. In 1952, when oilfield acvity began to slow down due to people leaving for the Leduc oilfield and other places of recent discoveries, the Turner Valley Hospital became known as the Turner Valley Municipal Hospital. In 1961, the east extension and a staff residence was added, increasing the hospital to a 25- bed unit.3

The building is also significant for retaining its landmark value. Originally built as a cook house for the Okalta Oil Company, the community rallied together to renovate and enlarge the facility through fundraising events organized by volunteers— individuals who recognized the importance of meeng the increasing need for medical services in a community experiencing steady growth, and supported economically by an industry where injuries were common.

Character-Defining Elements Exterior:  Medium-gable roof with wood fascia  Concrete chimney  Paern of windows  Exposed raers on east wing  Configuraon of the wings  Stucco treatment on the north wing  Cemenous shingle with curved edge  Curved exterior wall transioning to foundaon  Side exits on each wing  Brick chimney on east wing  Metal awnings over windows on west side of east wing  Two-over-two, fixed, basement windows  Metal lamp posts capped with light fixtures in parking lot and entry  Proximity to Main Street  Form, massing, scale, and configuraon of the overall footprint.

Interior:  Ribbed glass transom over entry  Original radiators  Five-riser stair in entry vesbule  Original wood doors with upper glass panel  Interior configuraon of rooms  Wood, single-hung, three-over-one windows with lug sills and aprons  Wood chair rail in north wing corridor  Wide width of doors into each room  Treatment of north wing exit with wood door containing ribbed glass panels, ribbed glass transom and clear glass sidelights  Seven-riser stair from west wing entry  Wood, three-over-three, fixed windows  Physical room layout of the basement containing the original kitchen, dining area  Linoleum paern with curved linoleum at intersecon of base of wall with floor  Size of rooms for different numbers of paents  Call/night lights in ceiling  Double-hung, one-over-one, wood windows in south wing

Sources: 1 Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of the Flares”, 1979, p. 172 2 ibid. 3 ibid. 52 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 5.0 Draft Statements of Significance

Wray McRae Building 146 Main Street NW

Descripon of Heritage Place

The resource is a late-1930’s, one-and-a-half storey, wood-frame building located on Main Street North on the main transpor- taon corridor through Turner Valley. This building is actually two separate structures moved to this locaon and bolted to- gether through the middle. It contains the original front façade fenestraon opening, raked entry, and a boomtown façade that has an interesng stepped angled parapet.

Heritage Value

The heritage value of the Wray-McCrea building is its associaon with the theme of polics and government, and the provision of municipal services. It is also significant in its connecon to Percy Wray who managed Turner Valley and the Municipal District of Turner Valley during difficult economic mes, and is significant for its method of construcon in that it was built in two halves to be taken apart and moved as economic condions dictated.

The building is significant for its associaon with the theme of polics and government. The history of the resource in Turner Valley stems from when the building was sold to the Municipal District of Turner Valley and moved to Turner Valley in 1944, at the same me that Percy Wray became the secretary for the M.D.1

The building is also significant for its associaon with Percy Wray. Percy Wray and his wife Edythe came to Turner Valley in 1929. For five years he managed the McFarland Lumber yard and then starng wring insurance. When the second oil boom collapsed unemployment was at its peak and a very large percentage of residents found it necessary to accept relief or social welfare. As people were leaving the district, and unable to find purchasers for their homes, there was an appalling epidemic of fires, oen two and three a week. Unable to collect taxes, the village went bankrupt. Calgary Power shut off the street lights, Calgary Hospitals threatened to refuse admiance to indigent paents from Turner Valley, and local merchants refused to accept Relief Vouchers. The Village Council went to Edmonton and resigned, and the Department of Municipal Affairs placed the Village under Official Administraon.2 Percy was appointed secretary-treasurer and there were no elected councilors. In his 12 years, he never worked under an elected council.3 In 1944, Percy Wray became secretary of the M.D., assumed responsibility for the financial books for the Municipal District of Turner Valley, and moved into this building which was once a former Chinese laundry building in Longview, and office in Millarville for the oil boom in the early fores, and re-located to Turner Valley that same year to be used as an office for the Municipal District.4

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 53 5.0 Draft Statements of Significance Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places

Aer the M.D. of Turner Valley was joined to the M.D. of Foothills in 1954, Mr. Wray bought the building for his insurance business. On his rerement twenty years later, Percy Wray sold the building and the business to Mary McRae.5 Unl 1985, the building funconed as an insurance sales office, and the inside was basically unchanged. Since that date, it has been converted for use as a restaurant under the name of Valley Rose Tea House. In 2002, it was sold to its exisng owner, aer which it underwent exterior renovaons. In 2005, it connued as a restaurant named “Route 40 Soup Co.” and operated unl June 2010.6

The building is also significant for its method of construcon. The structure was built in two parts and bolted together through the middle in ancipaon of removal to another locale depending on the ancipated swings in the economy. The building was operated as a Chinese laundry in Longview, but when that business was no longer viable the building was moved to Millarville to accompany the oil boom of the early fores.7

Character-Defining Elements

 Locaon on a corner lot on Main Street  Footprint, mass, and form of original structure  Proximity to adjacent businesses  Setback from sidewalk  Raked entry  Original window and door opening locaons on front facade  Metal boot scraper on entry step  Boomtown facade  Stepped, angled parapet

Sources:

1 Sheep River Historical Society, “In The Light of the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, 1979, p. 96 2 ibid., p. 741 3 ibid., p. 96 4 ibid. 5 ibid., p. 97 6 Turner Valley Open House, July - August 2010 7 Sheep River Historical Society, “In The Light of the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, 1979, p. 96

54 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Resource Evaluaons

Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 6.0 Resource Evaluations

NORTH TURNER VALLEY HIGH SCHOOL EVALUATION Site Name North Turner Valley High School Other Names Turner Valley Golf Club Civic Address 820 Imperial Drive SE

STEP ONE: ELIGIBILITY ASSESSMENT Descripon The resource is a 1933, two-storey, stucco-finished, building situated on the grounds of the Turner Valley Golf Course, mid- way between Turner Valley and Black Diamond. The structure is set on a 3 foot high foundaon, and crowned with a crenel- lated stepped parapet that curves over the original main entrance flanked by a slight mimic of balement-like pilasters. Large fenestraon opening mark the original classroom spaces, and what was once the school corridor sll terminates with an angled bay-like treatment with fenestraon opening on each face. The structure’s interior somewhat maintains the original interior classroom and administrave office spaal configuraon within the renovated interior. Addional wings reminiscent of the original structure have been added to accommodate its new funcon as a Golf Club House.

Excluded Type □ Type 1 □ Type 2 Excepon □ Cemeteries □ Birthplaces or graves □ Resources primarily commemorave in nature □ Resources that have been moved □ Resources achieving significance in last 50 years Explain: STEP TWO: SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT Significance Criteria ■ A. Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ■ B. Instuon/Person ■ C. Design/Style/Construcon □ D. Informaon Potenal ■ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value Explain: The building is significant for its associaon with the themes of urban development and educaon; with the instuon of educaon; its unique architecture within the community, and its landmark value as the community’s high school. Municipal Significance ■ A. Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ○ Significant Associaon ■ B. Instuon/Person ○ Individual Significance ○ Associaon Significance ■ C. Design/Style/Construcon ○ Style/Type/Method of Construcon ○ Work of a Master ○ High Arsc Value □ D. Informaon Potenal ○ The Natural Environment ○ Completely Excavated Sites ■ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value Explain: The building is significant for its associaon with educaon its associaon with the instuon of educaon; for its style, type and method of construcon; and for its landmark value as a centre for edu- caon. Period of Significance 1933 to present

STEP THREE: INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT Character Defining ■ Yes Elements (CDE’s) □ No List: Exterior:  Original locaon halfway between Turner Valley and Black Diamond on the grounds of Golf Course  Form, massing, scale, and interrelaonship of spaces  Stepped parapet with curved parapet detail over main entrance flanked by crenellated pilasters Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 57 6.0 Resource Evaluations Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places

STEP THREE: INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT Character Defining Exterior (connued): Elements (CDE’s)  Raised (gateway shaped) panel detail around original main entry  Raised band following line of stepped, curved and crenellated parapet

 Original wood basement windows in foundaon  Stucco exterior  Two raised stucco panels on each of west and east sidewalls  West side bay window  Height of foundaon (5’ - 6”) above ground level  Metal roof access ladder on west side  Stepped and curved parapet detail over all entries  Original openings and locaons of the large classroom windows Interior:  Metal railing on interior entry stair  Locaon and configuraon of interior stairs on either side of original entry leading to basement  A sense of the original interior spaal configuraon somewhat retained within the renovated interior Aspects of Integrity ■ 1. Locaon Explain: The structure is on its original locaon on the Turner Valley Golf Course midway between Turner Valley and Black Diamond. ■ 2. Design Explain: The structure retains design and footprint aside from the addions. ■ 3. Environment Explain: The building retains its relaonship with the golf course and the two communies. ■ 4. Materials Explain: The structure retains its original materials. ■ 5. Workmanship Explain: The structure retains notable evidence of a high level of workmanship in the construcon of the building. ■ 6. Feeling Explain: The structure retains its stature as a centre for educaon. □ 7. Associaon Explain: The structure does not retain its associaon with the instuon of educaon. Integrity Assessment ■ Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ○ Would the resource as it exists today be recognizable to a contemporary of the important theme, acvity or event it is associated with? ■ B. Instuon/Person ○ Would the resource as it exists today be recognizable to a contemporary of the important instuon or person it is associated with? ■ C. Design/Style/Construcon ○ Does the resource retain most of the physical features that mark it as: ▪ The embodiment of a type, period or method of construcon, or ▪ A representave of the work of a master, or ▪ Having high arsc value □ D. Informaon Potenal ○ Does the resource retain its potenal to yield specific data that addresses important research quesons? ■ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value ○ Does the resource retain its ability to convey its landmark or symbolic value? Statement of Integrity The evaluated property North Turner Valley School has significance, and maintains all the aspects of integrity necessary for it to convey its significance/heritage, as determined in the Integrity Assessment, and therefore sasfies the requirements for designaon as a Municipal Resource.

The evaluated property is deemed by the municipality to have both significance and integrity and therefore sasfies the requirements for designaon as a Municipal Historic Resource. This Statement of Integrity is required as part of the mandatory documentaon for lisng the property on the Alberta Register of Historic Places. Final Evaluaon and ■ Place resource on the Municipal Heritage Inventory ■ Designate as a Municipal Resource

Recommendaon □ Designate as a Provincial Resource (potenal) □ Remove resource from the historic resources management process

58 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 6.0 Resource Evaluations

PLANET PETROLEUM AND AUTOWORKS EVALUATION Site Name Planet Petroleum and Autoworks Other Names “Double O” Civic Address 302 Main Street

STEP ONE: ELIGIBILITY ASSESSMENT Descripon The Plant Petroleum and Autoworks is a mid-tweneth century, flat-roofed, concrete block structure situated on Main Street North on the main transportaon corridor through Turner Valley. The structure contains the original “gas shack” constructed in circa 1949, and has undergone a series of concrete block addions that speak to the ever-growing need for automove service within the community. The lower façade contains protruding, curved concrete block pilasters that defines the bay and entrances. Excluded Type □ Type 1 □ Type 2 Excepon □ Cemeteries □ Birthplaces or graves □ Resources primarily commemorave in nature □ Resources that have been moved □ Resources achieving significance in last 50 years

Explain:

STEP TWO: SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT Significance Criteria ■ A. Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event □ B. Instuon/Person □ C. Design/Style/Construcon □ D. Informaon Potenal ■ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value

Explain: The building is significant for its associaon with the theme of transportaon, urban development, and its landmark value within the community as one of the first gas shacks selling gasoline for automobiles. Municipal Significance ■ A. Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ○ Significant Associaon □ B. Instuon/Person ○ Individual Significance ○ Associaon Significance □ C. Design/Style/Construcon ○ Style/Type/Method of Construcon ○ Work of a Master ○ High Arsc Value □ D. Informaon Potenal ○ The Natural Environment ○ Completely Excavated Sites ■ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value

Explain: The building is significant for its associaon with the theme of transportaon and its provision of gasoline, automove parts. It is also significant as a community landmark oen referred to as the “Double O” service staon referring to Ollie Olson who built the 1949 gas shack that sll exists within the central poron of the structure. Period of Significance c1949 to present

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 59 6.0 Resource Evaluations Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places

STEP THEE: INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT Character Defining ■ Yes Elements (CDE’s) □ No List:  Locaon on corner of Main Street and Frontenac Avenue  Concrete block pilasters with rounded corners  Scale, massing, and form  Concrete connuous lintel  Moulded wood-frame windows with slip sill  Side concrete block pilasters  Height of ceiling in inial bay repair area  "Double O Service" sign located on original centre bay  The sequence of addions over me Aspects of Integrity ■ 1. Locaon Explain: Building retains its original locaon on corner of Main Street and Frontenac Avenue.

■ 2. Design Explain: Building retains original gas shack within a series of addions spanning 1965 to mid-1990s.

■ 3. Environment Explain: Structure retains its relaonship with Main Street, which is the main transportaon route through Turner Valley, as well as proximity to other commercial services.

■ 4. Materials Explain: Building retains original concrete block materials.

■ 5. Workmanship Explain: Structure retains the workmanship of the long me owner Rudy Sorge who constructed the various addions around the original gas shack which is currently the centre bay.

■ 6. Feeling Explain: The structure retains its feeling of a service and gas staon.

■ 7. Associaon Explain: The structure retains its associaon to transportaon and servicing of motor vehicles. Integrity Assessment ■ Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ○ Would the resource as it exists today be recognizable to a contemporary of the important theme, acvity or event it is associated with? □ B. Instuon/Person ○ Would the resource as it exists today be recognizable to a contemporary of the important instuon or person it is associated with? ■ C. Design/Style/Construcon ○ Does the resource retain most of the physical features that mark it as: ▪ The embodiment of a type, period or method of construcon, or ▪ A representave of the work of a master, or ▪ Having high arsc value □ D. Informaon Potenal ○ Does the resource retain its potenal to yield specific data that addresses important research quesons? ■ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value ○ Does the resource retain its ability to convey its landmark or symbolic value? Statement of Integrity The evaluated property Planet Petroleum and Autoworks has significance, and maintains all the aspects of integrity necessary for it to convey its significance/heritage, as determined in the Integrity Assessment, and therefore sasfies the requirements for designaon as a Municipal Resource.

The evaluated property is deemed by the municipality to have both significance and integrity and therefore sasfies the requirements for designaon as a Municipal Historic Resource. This Statement of Integrity is required as part of the mandatory documentaon for lisng the property on the Alberta Register of Historic Places. Final Evaluaon and ■ Place resource on the Municipal Heritage Inventory ■ Designate as a Municipal Resource

Recommendaon □ Designate as a Provincial Resource (potenal) □ Remove resource from the historic resources management process

60 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 6.0 Resource Evaluations

TURNER VALLEY POST OFFICE EVALUATION Site Name Turner Valley Post Office

Other Names

Civic Address 132 Main Street NW

STEP ONE: ELIGIBILITY ASSESSMENT Descripon The resource is a 1955, single-storey, flat-roofed, stucco-finished, building located on the west side of one of the central blocks on Main Street. The building has interesng modern lines and character expressed by a play in horizontal and vercal planes, a recessed front façade entry, and a slightly recessed façade secon containing two fixed window sashes with a four-over-two window light paern. The interior contains original woodwork detailing, doors, and wall paneling in public mail retrieval area. Excluded Type □ Type 1 □ Type 2 Excepon □ Cemeteries □ Birthplaces or graves □ Resources primarily commemorave in nature □ Resources that have been moved □ Resources achieving significance in last 50 years Explain:

STEP TWO: SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT Significance Criteria ■ A. Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ■ B. Instuon/Person ■ C. Design/Style/Construcon □ D. Informaon Potenal ■ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value Explain: The building is significant for its associaon with the theme of urban development; for its associaon with the instuon of the Canada Post; for its design and style and its landmark value within the community as a place where people met. Municipal Significance ■ A. Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ○ Significant Associaon ■ B. Instuon/Person ○ Individual Significance ○ Associaon Significance ■ C. Design/Style/Construcon ○ Style/Type/Method of Construcon ○ Work of a Master ○ High Arsc Value □ D. Informaon Potenal ○ The Natural Environment ○ Completely Excavated Sites ■ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value Explain: Building is significant for its associaon with urban development, community life, federal government services, as well as design style of the building and the landmark value as a central post office for the community. Period of Significance 1955 to present STEP THREE: INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT

Character Defining ■ Yes Elements (CDE’s) □ No List: Exterior:  Scale, massing, and form  Original stucco exterior finish Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 61 6.0 Resource Evaluations Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places

STEP THEE: INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT Character Defining Exterior (connued): Elements (CDE’s)  Original central Main Street locaon  Abutment to public sidewalk

 The linear character with the slightly recessed front façade paern of horizontal and vercal planes of the structure  Original four-over-two, fixed, wood-frame windows with lug sills on front façade  Recessed entry way with horizontal division of sidelights and transparent transom over entry door  Flat roof with horizontal flat roof extension over entry  Original storms with vercal metal bars between windows with slip sills on north side  Original three-panel exterior door on north side  South side window same as north  One-over-one, single-hung, wood window with wood trim and lug sill on rear  Rear one-by-one fixed wood window with lug sill with bars on window Interior:  Interior side door with window and metal bars over glass  Interior wood paneling with all wood window frames  Original small wood counter  Original wood door separang the mail box lobby and post office Aspects of Integrity ■ 1. Locaon Explain: Building retains its original locaon on Main Street. ■ 2. Design Explain: Building retains its simple one storey flat roofed design, common to many post offices of that period in Alberta. ■ 3. Environment Explain: The structure retains its relaonship with Main Street and proximity to other businesses. ■ 4. Materials Explain: The structure retains its original material. ■ 5. Workmanship Explain: The structure retains its very simple but notable workmanship. ■ 6. Feeling Explain: The structure retains its presence as a federal post office. ■ 7. Associaon Explain: The building retains its relaonship with federal postal services. Integrity Assessment ■ Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ○ Would the resource as it exists today be recognizable to a contemporary of the important theme, acvity or event it is associated with? ■ B. Instuon/Person ○ Would the resource as it exists today be recognizable to a contemporary of the important instuon or person it is associated with? ■ C. Design/Style/Construcon ○ Does the resource retain most of the physical features that mark it as: ▪ The embodiment of a type, period or method of construcon, or ▪ A representave of the work of a master, or ▪ Having high arsc value □ D. Informaon Potenal ○ Does the resource retain its potenal to yield specific data that addresses important research quesons? ■ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value ○ Does the resource retain its ability to convey its landmark or symbolic value? Statement of Integrity The evaluated property Post Office has significance, and maintains all the aspects of integrity necessary for it to convey its significance/heritage, as determined in the Integrity Assessment, and therefore sasfies the requirements for designaon as a Municipal Resource.

The evaluated property is deemed by the municipality to have both significance and integrity and therefore sasfies the requirements for designaon as a Municipal Historic Resource. This Statement of Integrity is required as part of the mandatory documentaon for lisng the property on the Alberta Register of Historic Places. Final Evaluaon and ■ Place resource on the Municipal Heritage Inventory ■ Designate as a Municipal Resource

Recommendaon □ Designate as a Provincial Resource (potenal) □ Remove resource from the historic resources management process

62 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 6.0 Resource Evaluations

ROYAL CANADIAN LEGION EVALUATION Site Name Royal Canadian Legion Other Names Civic Address 121 Sunset Boulevard SE

STEP ONE: ELIGIBILITY ASSESSMENT Descripon The Royal Canadian Legion is an early 1930’s, one-and-a-half storey, stucco-finished, building located on Sunset Boulevard SE. It has a series of medium-gabled roofs and a collecon of massing that contains the original building moved to the site in 1932, The building underwent several addions between 1947 and 1973 that are clearly evident in the juxtaposion of the various forms and massing that combine into the overall footprint paern. Excluded Type □ Type 1 □ Type 2 Excepon □ Cemeteries □ Birthplaces or graves □ Resources primarily commemorave in nature □ Resources that have been moved □ Resources achieving significance in last 50 years

Explain:

STEP TWO: SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT Significance Criteria ■ A. Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ■ B. Instuon/Person ■ C. Design/Style/Construcon □ D. Informaon Potenal ■ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value Explain: The building is significant for its associaon with the theme of military, Its associaon with the instuon of the Royal Canadian Legion, its method of construcon and its landmark value within the community for both social and cultural acvies. Municipal Significance ■ A. Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ○ Significant Associaon ■ B. Instuon/Person ○ Individual Significance ○ Associaon Significance ■ C. Design/Style/Construcon ○ Style/Type/Method of Construcon ○ Work of a Master ○ High Arsc Value □ D. Informaon Potenal ○ The Natural Environment ○ Completely Excavated Sites ■ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value

Explain: Structure is significant for its associaon with the theme of military in reference to veterans and veterans’ organizaons; for its associaon with Royal Canadian Legion; for its method of construcon in t4rms of the collecve nature of various addions to create the exisng footprint; and also for symbolic value in providing retrospecon of the war efforts of the veterans. Period of Significance 1935 to present

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 63 6.0 Resource Evaluations Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places

STEP THEE: INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT Character Defining ■ Yes Elements (CDE’s) □ No List:  Original locaon east of Main Street facing Highway 22  Mass, form, and scale  Interrelaonship of addions over me  Locaon of the building, setback from Sunset Boulevard, and adjacent a large parking lot that separates the structure from the former RCMP building  Exterior stucco finish  Original wood sliding windows with moulded wood frame in foundaon  Shape and scale of original chimney on exterior of south wall  Exterior brick chimney on south west side  Wood venlaon grills in upper gables  Interplay of gabled roofs  Cenotaph located on north side of building adjacent to Sunset Boulevard Aspects of Integrity ■ 1. Locaon Explain: Building retains its original locaon on Sunset Boulevard, one block east of Main Street. ■ 2. Design Explain: Building retains its configuraon of various addions over me to the original Elks Building. ■ 3. Environment Explain: Building retains its proximity to Main Street and to the former RCMP office to the east. ■ 4. Materials Explain: Building retains the original stucco finish. ■ 5. Workmanship Explain: Building retains evidence of the configuraon of various addions to the original Elks building. ■ 6. Feeling Explain: The scale of the structure speaks to the various funcons and size of membership. ■ 7. Associaon Explain: The building maintains its associaon with the Royal Canadian Legion. Integrity Assessment ■ Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ○ Would the resource as it exists today be recognizable to a contemporary of the important theme, acvity or event it is associated with? ■ B. Instuon/Person ○ Would the resource as it exists today be recognizable to a contemporary of the important instuon or person it is associated with? ■ C. Design/Style/Construcon ○ Does the resource retain most of the physical features that mark it as: ▪ The embodiment of a type, period or method of construcon, or ▪ A representave of the work of a master, or ▪ Having high arsc value □ D. Informaon Potenal ○ Does the resource retain its potenal to yield specific data that addresses important research quesons? ■ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value ○ Does the resource retain its ability to convey its landmark or symbolic value? Statement of Integrity The evaluated property Royal Canadian Legion has significance, and maintains all the aspects of integrity necessary for it to convey its significance/heritage value, as determined in the Integrity Assessment, and therefore sasfies the requirements for designaon as a Municipal Resource.

The evaluated property is deemed by the municipality to have both significance and integrity and therefore sasfies the requirements for designaon as a Municipal Historic Resource. This Statement of Integrity is required as part of the mandatory documentaon for lisng the property on the Alberta Register of Historic Places. Final Evaluaon and ■ Place resource on the Municipal Heritage Inventory ■ Designate as a Municipal Resource

Recommendaon □ Designate as a Provincial Resource (potenal) □ Remove resource from the historic resources management process

64 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 6.0 Resource Evaluations

ROYAL CANADIAN MOUNTED POLICE DEPOT EVALUATION Site Name Royal Canadian Mounted Police Depot Other Names Civic Address 201 Sunset Boulevard SE

STEP ONE: ELIGIBILITY ASSESSMENT Descripon The Royal Canadian Mounted Police Depot is a mid-1920’s, one-and-a-half storey, wood-frame structure with a hipped roof, original single-hung wood windows, wood trim and original interior oak and pine wood floors throughout. Southeast of the main commercial center, the building was moved to this site from the Regal Royalites oil well south of Turner Valley in 1937, and stands on the southeast corner of the Town of Turner Valley on a treed lot with an elevated expansive view of the valley to the north, and immediately adjacent to the Royal Canadian Legion parking lot to the west. Excluded Type □ Type 1 □ Type 2 Excepon □ Cemeteries □ Birthplaces or graves □ Resources primarily commemorave in nature □ Resources that have been moved □ Resources achieving significance in last 50 years Explain: STEP TWO: SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT Significance Criteria ■ A. Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ■ B. Instuon/Person ■ C. Design/Style/Construcon □ D. Informaon Potenal ■ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value Explain: The building is significant for its associaon with the theme of law enforcement; its associaon with the instuons of Regal Royalites and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police; its crasman architecture design and its landmark value within the community as the centre for law enforcement. Municipal Significance ■ A. Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ○ Significant Associaon ■ B. Instuon/Person ○ Individual Significance ○ Associaon Significance ■ C. Design/Style/Construcon ○ Style/Type/Method of Construcon ○ Work of a Master ○ High Arsc Value □ D. Informaon Potenal ○ The Natural Environment ○ Completely Excavated Sites ■ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value Explain: The RCMP Depot is significant to the municipality because of its associaon with the acvity of law enforcement and the pracce of holding court; its associaon with the instuon of the Regal Royalites and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police; for its style of crasman architecture typical during its period of construcon; and as a landmark in the municipality as a centre of law enforcement in a community. Period of Significance 1937 to present

STEP THEE: INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT

Character Defining ■ Yes Elements (CDE’s) □ No List: Exterior:  Original locaon southeast of Main Street facing Highway 22  Elevated expansive view to the north  Mass, form, and scale  Hipped roof with brick chimney Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 65 6.0 Resource Evaluations Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places

STEP THEE: INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT Character Defining Exterior (connued):  Elements (CDE’s) All original wood storm windows  Exposed raers under eaves

 Moulded trim on heads and sides of windows and doors, with slip sills on windows.  Fixed porch canopy over front entry door  Side entry to basement RCMP office and cells  Clapboard under newer vinyl siding  Remains of garden used during RCMP period Interior:  Three inch pine plank floor in kitchen, and 1-½ inch oak plank floor in living room  Interior layout and finishes of rooms on main floors  Wood windows and frames  Single-hung wood windows  Five-panel shaped interior doors  Half-door in kitchen  Ceiling light fixtures  Eight-inch base boards  All door hardware  Air supply grills in basement ceiling Aspects of Integrity ■ 1. Locaon Explain: Although the building has been moved, it has existed in its current locaon for over 70 years. The building retains its original orientaon to the highway. ■ 2. Design Explain: The building retains its original mass and form, as well as the original spaal configuraon. All interior wood detailing is retained, as are all wood single-hung windows, doors, and wood floors. ■ 3. Environment Explain: Building remains in its original environment with remaining evidence of a rock garden and an overlooking expansive view over the valley to the north. ■ 4. Materials Explain: The building retains sufficient integrity in the original materials that sll exist to convey its significance. ■ 5. Workmanship Explain: The building communicates a sense of workmanship in the construcon and assembly of the building components that were common during the period of when this structure would have been originally built. Crasman style detailing common in the early 1900’s in Alberta is evident. ■ 6. Feeling Explain: The building connues to convey the feeling of an early 1900 crasman style structure common during its esmated period of construcon. ■ 7. Associaon Explain: The building sll retains its associaon with the Royal Canadian Legion Building and its proximity to the main street of the Town of Turner Valley. Integrity Assessment ■ Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ○ Would the resource as it exists today be recognizable to a contemporary of the important theme, acvity or event it is associated with? ■ B. Instuon/Person ○ Would the resource as it exists today be recognizable to a contemporary of the important instuon or person it is associated with? ■ C. Design/Style/Construcon ○ Does the resource retain most of the physical features that mark it as: ▪ The embodiment of a type, period or method of construcon, or ▪ A representave of the work of a master, or ▪ Having high arsc value □ D. Informaon Potenal ○ Does the resource retain its potenal to yield specific data that addresses important research quesons? ■ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value ○ Does the resource retain its ability to convey its landmark or symbolic value? Statement of Integrity The evaluated property Royal Canadian Mounted Police Staon has significance, and maintains all the aspects of integrity necessary for it to convey its significance/heritage, as determined in the Integrity Assessment, and therefore sasfies the requirements for designaon as a Municipal Resource.

The evaluated property is deemed by the municipality to have both significance and integrity and therefore sasfies the requirements for designaon as a Municipal Historic Resource. This Statement of Integrity is required as part of the mandatory documentaon for lisng the property on the Alberta Register of Historic Places. Final Evaluaon and ■ Place resource on the Municipal Heritage Inventory ■ Designate as a Municipal Resource

Recommendaon ■ Designate as a Provincial Resource (potenal) □ Remove resource from the historic resources management process

66 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 6.0 Resource Evaluations

ST. GEORGE’S ANGLICAN CHURCH EVALUATION Site Name St. George’s Anglican Church Other Names Civic Address 208 Main Street SW

STEP ONE: ELIGIBILITY ASSESSMENT Descripon The St. George’s Anglican Church is a 1948, wood-frame, stucco-clad structure located on Main Street South just south of the commercial district. The church carries a high-pitched gable roof with return eaves, and pointed arch stained glass windows. It contains much of its original interior material, scissor truss system, and a pointed arch framing the sanctuary. Excluded Type □ Type 1 □ Type 2 Excepon □ Cemeteries □ Birthplaces or graves □ Resources primarily commemorave in nature □ Resources that have been moved □ Resources achieving significance in last 50 years Explain: STEP TWO: SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT Significance Criteria ■ A. Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ■ B. Instuon/Person ■ C. Design/Style/Construcon □ D. Informaon Potenal ■ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value Explain: The building is significant for its associaon with the theme of spiritual life; its associaon with the instuon of the Anglican Church; its design and method of construcon; and as a landmark within the community. Municipal Significance ■ A. Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ○ Significant Associaon ■ B. Instuon/Person ○ Individual Significance ○ Associaon Significance ■ C. Design/Style/Construcon ○ Style/Type/Method of Construcon ○ Work of a Master ○ High Arsc Value □ D. Informaon Potenal ○ The Natural Environment ○ Completely Excavated Sites ■ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value Explain: St. George’s Anglican Church is significant for its associaon with religious pracce; its associaon with the instuon of the Anglican Church; for its style and method of construcon; and for its landmark and symbolic value as a place of worship within the community. Period of Significance 1948 to present STEP THEE: INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT Character Defining ■ Yes Elements (CDE’s) □ No List:

Exterior:  Original locaon on Main Street  Mass, form, and scale  Placement on a large open grassed site facing west  Pointed arched windows  Enclosed front porch with steep-pitched gable roof  Returned eaves with a wide fascia and wood soffit  Pointed arched head over door with blind transom  Pointed arched windows on south and north sides of sanctuary with lug sill  Stucco exterior Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 67 6.0 Resource Evaluations Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places

Character Defining Exterior (connued): Elements (CDE’s)  Simple wood cross at peak of verge on west side  Intricate stained glass with religious images on east side

 Wood doors with inscribed markings  Pointed terminaon of verge fascia with plain verge soffit  Bell tower and bell located near northeast corner Interior:  Vercal wood wall paneling within porch with exposed raers  Interior porch two panel-shaped doors with original hardware, moulded side frames, and cornice head  Cornice moulding over interior porch entry and side moulded frames  Ten-inch moulded baseboard  Pointed arched windows with moulded frame, deep window well with lug sills and moulded apron  Casement windows  Original wood pews ,lectern, and fount prayer desk  Heavy mber exposed roof structure  Central sanctuary and raised altar  Four-panel wood door with original hardware  Wood paneled vestments closet with original hardware  Wood brackets on either side of altar  Altar cross in memory of Major General Lord Roberts  Plaque on north wall in memory of Hestor Roberts  Wooden plaque above organ plaorm on east wall honouring those who gave me and labour to establish the parish Aspects of Integrity ■ 1. Locaon Explain: The building retains its locaon south of Sunset Boulevard and setback from Main Street South on a large grassed lot adjacent to parish hall to the north. ■ 2. Design Explain: The building retains its original mass form and scale with steep pitched roof and inner porch, sanctuary and apse. ■ 3. Environment Explain: The building retains its seng on a large open grassed area that enhances the prominence of the structure and its symbolic value. ■ 4. Materials Explain: The building retains much of its original material on both the exterior and interior. ■ 5. Workmanship Explain: The building communicates a strong sense of workmanship in the construcon and the assembly of the heavy mber roof structure. ■ 6. Feeling Explain: The building connues to convey the simplicity of small prairie style rural churches that were constructed by the collecve efforts of the community. ■ 7. Associaon Explain: The building sll retains its associaon with the Anglican Church. Integrity Assessment ■ Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ○ Would the resource as it exists today be recognizable to a contemporary of the important theme, acvity or event it is associated with? ■ B. Instuon/Person ○ Would the resource as it exists today be recognizable to a contemporary of the important instuon or person it is associated with? ■ C. Design/Style/Construcon ○ Does the resource retain most of the physical features that mark it as: ▪ The embodiment of a type, period or method of construcon, or ▪ A representave of the work of a master, or ▪ Having high arsc value □ D. Informaon Potenal ○ Does the resource retain its potenal to yield specific data that addresses important research quesons? ■ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value ○ Does the resource retain its ability to convey its landmark or symbolic value? Statement of Integrity The evaluated property St. George’s Anglican Church has significance, and maintains all the aspects of integrity necessary for it to convey its significance/heritage, as determined in the Integrity Assessment, and therefore sasfies the requirements for designaon as a Municipal Resource.

The evaluated property is deemed by the municipality to have both significance and integrity and therefore sasfies the requirements for designaon as a Municipal Historic Resource. This Statement of Integrity is required as part of the mandatory documentaon for lisng the property on the Alberta Register of Historic Places. Final Evaluaon and ■ Place resource on the Municipal Heritage Inventory ■ Designate as a Municipal Resource

Recommendaon □ Designate as a Provincial Resource (potenal) □ Remove resource from the historic resources management process

68 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 6.0 Resource Evaluations

THE SOLLOWAY MILLS CO. BUILDING EVALUATION Site Name The Solloway Mills Co. Building Other Names The Shoprite Store Civic Address 220 Main Street NW

STEP ONE: ELIGIBILITY ASSESSMENT Descripon The resource is a simple, 1929, one-and-a-half storey, wood-frame building situated on the west side of the main commercial street in Turner Valley. The structure has a medium-gabled roof, original pressed-metal siding on the sides and rear, and retains original door and window openings under wood siding on front façade. The original “Shop Rite-Store” sign and gooseneck light sll exists in the upper front gable. Excluded Type □ Type 1 □ Type 2 Excepon □ Cemeteries □ Birthplaces or graves □ Resources primarily commemorave in nature □ Resources that have been moved □ Resources achieving significance in last 50 years Explain: STEP TWO: SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT Significance Criteria ■ A. Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ■ B. Instuon/Person ■ C. Design/Style/Construcon □ D. Informaon Potenal □ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value

Explain: The building is significant for its associaon with the themes of business and industry, urban development; its associaon with Isaac Solloway; and for its simplicity in design. Municipal Significance ■ A. Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ○ Significant Associaon ■ B. Instuon/Person ○ Individual Significance ○ Associaon Significance ■ C. Design/Style/Construcon ○ Style/Type/Method of Construcon ○ Work of a Master ○ High Arsc Value □ D. Informaon Potenal ○ The Natural Environment ○ Completely Excavated Sites □ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value

Explain: The Solloway Mills building is significant to the municipality because of its associaon with the petroleum resource development in the Turner Valley area; the town’s boom and bust development history related to gas and oil discoveries; it’s connecon to Isaac Solloway, a significant figure in the financial history of Canada; and for it’s style of construcon in this me period. Period of Significance 1929 to present Character Defining ■ Yes Elements (CDE’s) □ No List:

 Locaon on Main Street and proximity to adjacent businesses  Footprint, mass, and scale  Abutment to the public sidewalk  Medium-gable roof with exposed raers along eaves, and wood fascia on eaves and verges  Pressed-metal siding on either side and rear  Original window openings with moulded wood frames and wood slip sills  Original concrete step and entry, as well as exposed door sill  "Shop Rite-Store" sign and original gooseneck light on front gable  Hollow concrete block chimney on north side  Original window openings on north side with slip sills and plain wood trim also on rear Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 69 6.0 Resource Evaluations Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places

Character Defining List (connued): Elements (CDE’s)  Two original door openings on rear  Original entry door and display windows under temporary slip cover

Aspects of Integrity ■ 1. Locaon Explain: The building is at its original locaon with its original orientaon to the main commercial street.

■ 2. Design Explain: The building retains its original mass and form with the façade protected by the original fenestraons protected from later slipcovers.

■ 3. Environment Explain: The building remains in its original environment.

■ 4. Materials Explain: The building retains sufficient integrity of materials to convey its significance.

■ 5. Workmanship Explain: The building connues to convey its sense of workmanship in the construcon and assembly of building components.

■ 6. Feeling Explain: The building connues to convey the feeling of a 1920’s commercial building.

■ 7. Associaon Explain: The building retains its associaon with other commercial buildings in the downtown. Integrity Assessment ■ Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ○ Would the resource as it exists today be recognizable to a contemporary of the important theme, acvity or event it is associated with? ■ B. Instuon/Person ○ Would the resource as it exists today be recognizable to a contemporary of the important instuon or person it is associated with? ■ C. Design/Style/Construcon ○ Does the resource retain most of the physical features that mark it as: ▪ The embodiment of a type, period or method of construcon, or ▪ A representave of the work of a master, or ▪ Having high arsc value □ D. Informaon Potenal ○ Does the resource retain its potenal to yield specific data that addresses important research quesons? □ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value ○ Does the resource retain its ability to convey its landmark or symbolic value? Integrity Statement The evaluated property The Solloway Mills Co. Building has significance, and maintains all the aspects of integrity necessary for it to convey its significance/heritage, as determined in the Integrity Assessment, and therefore sasfies the requirements for designaon as a Municipal Resource.

The evaluated property is deemed by the municipality to have both significance and integrity and therefore sasfies the requirements for designaon as a Municipal Historic Resource. This Statement of Integrity is required as part of the mandatory documentaon for lisng the property on the Alberta Register of Historic Places. Final Evaluaon and ■ Place resource on the Municipal Heritage Inventory ■ Designate as a Municipal Resource

Recommendaon □ Designate as a Provincial Resource (potenal) □ Remove resource from the historic resources management process

70 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 6.0 Resource Evaluations

TURNER VALLEY HOSPITAL EVALUATION Site Name Turner Valley Hospital Other Names Civic Address

STEP ONE: ELIGIBILITY ASSESSMENT Descripon The resource is a one-and-a-half storey, wood-frame structure located on the southeast of the community along the Sheep River. The structure contains the original circa 1930, renovated cook house with several wings constructed in the mid-1940’s and in 1961. It is a one-and-a-half storey, medium-gabled building, finished with cemenous siding and stucco, containing original door and window openings, and retaining its original interior space configuraon and materials. Excluded Type □ Type 1 □ Type 2 Excepon □ Cemeteries □ Birthplaces or graves □ Resources primarily commemorave in nature □ Resources that have been moved □ Resources achieving significance in last 50 years

Explain: STEP TWO: SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT Significance Criteria ■ A. Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ■ B. Instuon/Person ■ C. Design/Style/Construcon □ D. Informaon Potenal ■ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value Explain: The building is significant for its associaon with the theme of health; its associaon with the instuon of a health centre; its style and method of construcon; and its landmark value as a hospital. Municipal Significance ■ A. Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ○ Significant Associaon ■ B. Instuon/Person ○ Individual Significance ○ Associaon Significance ■ C. Design/Style/Construcon ○ Style/Type/Method of Construcon ○ Work of a Master ○ High Arsc Value □ D. Informaon Potenal ○ The Natural Environment ○ Completely Excavated Sites ■ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value Explain: The resource is significant for its associaon to the theme of health and the delivery of medical services; its associaon with the instuon of a healthcare facility; its associaon to the innovave reuse of an exisng facility; and as a community landmark as the community’s hospital. Period of Significance 1939 to present

STEP THREE: INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT Character Defining ■ Yes Elements (CDE’s) □ No List: Interior:  Ribbed glass transom over entry  Original radiators  Five-riser stair in entry vesbule  Original wood doors with upper glass panel  Wood chair rail in north wing corridor Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 71 6.0 Resource Evaluations Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places

Character Defining  Wide width of doors into each room Elements (CDE’s)  Treatment of north wing exit with wood door containing ribbed glass panels, ribbed glass transom and clear glass sidelights connued  Seven-riser stair from west wing entry  Wood, three-over-three, fixed windows  Physical room layout of the basement containing the original kitchen, dining area  Linoleum paern with curved linoleum at intersecon of base of wall with floor  Size of rooms for different numbers of paents  Call/night lights in ceiling  Double-hung, one-over-one, wood windows in south wing Exterior:  Medium-gable roof  Concrete chimney  Paern of windows  Wood fascia  Exposed raers on east wing  Configuraon of the wings  Stucco treatment on the north wing  Cemenous shingle with curved edge  Curved exterior wall transioning to foundaon  Side exits on each wing  Brick chimney on east wing  Metal awnings over windows on west side of east wing  Two-over-two, fixed, basement windows  Metal lamp posts capped with light fixtures in parking lot and entry  Proximity to Main Street  Form, massing, scale, and configuraon of the overall footprint. Aspects of Integrity ■ 1. Locaon Explain: The building retains its original locaon along the Sheep River in the southeast of the community. ■ 2. Design Explain: The building retains the original renovated Okalta cook house within a series of addions spanning 1942 to 1961. ■ 3. Environment Explain: The structure retains its proximity to the Sheep River and its relaonship with the rest of the community. ■ 4. Materials Explain: The building retains much of its original material on the exterior and interior. ■ 5. Workmanship Explain: The structure retains evidence of the original workmanship. ■ 6. Feeling Explain: The structure retains its feeling of an instuonal care facility. □ 7. Associaon Explain: The structure no retains retails its associaon as a healthcare facility. Integrity Assessment ■ Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ○ Would the resource as it exists today be recognizable to a contemporary of the important theme, acvity or event it is associated with? ■ B. Instuon/Person ○ Would the resource as it exists today be recognizable to a contemporary of the important instuon or person it is associated with? □ C. Design/Style/Construcon ○ Does the resource retain most of the physical features that mark it as: ▪ The embodiment of a type, period or method of construcon, or ▪ A representave of the work of a master, or ▪ Having high arsc value ■ D. Informaon Potenal ○ Does the resource retain its potenal to yield specific data that addresses important research quesons? ■ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value ○ Does the resource retain its ability to convey its landmark or symbolic value? Integrity Statement The evaluated property Turner Valley Hospital has significance, and maintains all the aspects of integrity necessary for it to convey its significance/heritage, as determined in the Integrity Assessment, and therefore sasfies the requirements for designaon as a Municipal Resource.

The evaluated property is deemed by the municipality to have both significance and integrity and therefore sasfies the requirements for designaon as a Municipal Historic Resource. This Statement of Integrity is required as part of the mandatory documentaon for lisng the property on the Alberta Register of Historic Places. Final Evaluaon and ■ Place resource on the Municipal Heritage Inventory ■ Designate as a Municipal Resource

Recommendaon □ Designate as a Provincial Resource (potenal) □ Remove resource from the historic resources management process

72 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 6.0 Resource Evaluations

WRAY McRAE BUILDING EVALUATION Site Name Wray McRae Building Other Names Valley Rose Tea House, Route 40 Soup Co. Civic Address 146 Main Street W

STEP ONE: ELIGIBILITY ASSESSMENT Descripon The resource is a late-1930’s, one-and-a-half storey, wood-frame building located on Main Street North on the main transportaon corridor through Turner Valley. This building is actually two separate structures moved to this locaon and bolted together through the middle. It contains the original front façade fenestra- on opening, raked entry, and a boomtown façade that has an interesng stepped angled parapet. Excluded Type □ Type 1 □ Type 2 Excepon □ Cemeteries □ Birthplaces or graves □ Resources primarily commemorave in nature □ Resources that have been moved □ Resources achieving significance in last 50 years

Explain:

STEP TWO: SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT Significance Criteria ■ A. Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ■ B. Instuon/Person ■ C. Design/Style/Construcon □ D. Informaon Potenal □ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value

Explain: The building is significant for its associaon with the theme polics and government; its connecon with Percy Wray; and its design and method of construcon. Municipal Significance ■ A. Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ○ Significant Associaon ■ B. Instuon/Person ○ Individual Significance ○ Associaon Significance ■ C. Design/Style/Construcon ○ Style/Type/Method of Construcon ○ Work of a Master ○ High Arsc Value □ D. Informaon Potenal ○ The Natural Environment ○ Completely Excavated Sites □ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value

Explain: The building is significant for its associaon with the theme of polics and government and the provision of municipal services. It is also significant in its connecon to Percy Wray who managed Turner Valley and the Municipal District of Turner Valley during difficult economic mes; and is significant for its method of construcon, built in two halves to be taken apart and moved as economic condions dictated. Period of Significance 1944 to present

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 73 6.0 Resource Evaluations Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places

STEP THREE: INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT Character Defining ■ Yes Elements (CDE’s) □ No List:  Locaon on a corner lot on Main Street  Footprint, mass, and form of original structure  Proximity to adjacent businesses  Setback from sidewalk  Raked entry  Original window and door opening locaons  Metal boot scraper on entry step  Boomtown facade  Stepped, angled parapet

Aspects of Integrity ■ 1. Locaon Explain: The building retains its original locaon on Main Street.

■ 2. Design Explain: The building retains shape and massing of two porons bolted together.

■ 3. Environment Explain: The structure retains its relaonship with Main Street, which is the main transportaon route through Turner Valley, as well as proximity to other commercial services.

□ 4. Materials Explain: The building does not retain its original materials.

□ 5. Workmanship Explain: The structure does not retain the workmanship of the original construcon.

□ 6. Feeling Explain: The structure does not retain the feeling of a municipal office.

□ 7. Associaon Explain: The building no longer retains its associaon as a municipal office. Integrity Assessment ■ Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ○ Would the resource as it exists today be recognizable to a contemporary of the important theme, acvity or event it is associated with? ■ B. Instuon/Person ○ Would the resource as it exists today be recognizable to a contemporary of the important instuon or person it is associated with? ■ C. Design/Style/Construcon ○ Does the resource retain most of the physical features that mark it as: ▪ The embodiment of a type, period or method of construcon, or ▪ A representave of the work of a master, or ▪ Having high arsc value □ D. Informaon Potenal ○ Does the resource retain its potenal to yield specific data that addresses important research quesons? □ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value ○ Does the resource retain its ability to convey its landmark or symbolic value? Integrity Statement The evaluated property Wray McRae Building has significance, and maintains all the aspects of integrity necessary for it to convey its significance/heritage, as determined in the Integrity Assessment, and therefore sasfies the requirements for designaon as a Municipal Resource.

The evaluated property is deemed by the municipality to have both significance and integrity and therefore sasfies the requirements for designaon as a Municipal Historic Resource. This Statement of Integrity is required as part of the mandatory documentaon for lisng the property on the Alberta Register of Historic Places. Final Evaluaon and ■ Place resource on the Municipal Heritage Inventory ■ Designate as a Municipal Resource

Recommendaon □ Designate as a Provincial Resource (potenal) □ Remove resource from the historic resources management process

74 Communit Desig Stategies Inc.

Downtown Turner Valley Preventave Measure Recommendaons for Sites Recommended for Municipal Designaon

Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 6.0 Resource Evaluations

Recommended Preventave Measures

North Turner Valley High School Planet Petroleum and Autoworks 820 Imperial Drive SE 302 Main Street North

The structure is in very good condition; however, The structure is in good condition; however, the the following immediate preventative measures following immediate preventative measures are are recommended: recommended:

 Scrape and paint exterior stucco.  Scrape and re-paint all wood surfaces.  Re-parge concrete foundation.  Ensure flashing along top of window and door  Relocate rain gutters to drain water away frames. from building.  Ensure proper water drainage to draw water  Re-grade along perimeter of building to en- away from building perimeter. sure proper water drainage.  Clear foliage from edge of foundation.

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 77 7.0 Recommendations Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places

Recommended Preventave Measures

Royal Canadian Mounted Police Royal Canadian Legion Depot

The structure is in good condition; however, the The structure is in good condition; however, the following immediate preventative measures are following immediate preventative measures are recommended: recommended:

 Scrape and re-paint all wood surfaces.  Scrape and re-paint exterior stucco surface.  Re-caulk windows.  Repair hairline cracks in stucco and concrete  Re-parge concrete foundation. block foundation.  Relocate rain gutters to drain water away  Re-paint concrete block foundation. from roof and from building.  Scrape and re-paint all wood surfaces  Re-grade along perimeter of building to en-  Relocate rain gutters to drain water away sure proper water drainage. from building.  Clear foliage from edge of foundation.  Re-grade along perimeter of building to en- sure proper water drainage.

78 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 7.0 Recommendations

Recommended Preventave Measures

Solloway Mills Co. Building St. George’s Anglican Church

The structure is in very poor condition; however, The structure is in very good condition; however, the following immediate preventative measures the following immediate preventative measures are recommended: are recommended:

 Re-paint all wood surfaces.  Scrape and paint all wood surfaces where  Re-shingle roof. paint is visibly spalling.  Repair exterior eaves trough to direct water  Extend rain downspouts further away from away from building. base of building to drain water away from  Re-grade along perimeter of building to en- foundation. sure proper water drainage.  Clear foliage away from immediate edge of  Sand rusted areas on pressed tin siding and foundation use an anti-rust primer on these areas and then spot paint using the same colour.

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 79 7.0 Recommendations Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places

Recommended Preventave Measures

Turner Valley Hospital Turner Valley Post Office

The structure is in very good condition, and there The structure is in very good condition; however, are no immediate issues that require attention the following immediate preventative measures at this time. are recommended:

 Re-paint exterior stucco.  Repair concrete foundation abutting public sidewalk.  Sand and re-paint all wood surfaces where paint is spalling.  Re-parge and re-paint lower section of south wall where horizontal failure of the surface has occurred.  Re-anchor front planters further away from wall surface to avoid water damage.

80 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places 7.0 Recommendations

Recommended Preventave Measures

Wray McRae Building

The structure is in very good condition; however, the following immediate preventative measures are recommended:

 Re-paint exterior stucco in upper boomtown façade area to match existing.

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 81 7.0 Recommendations Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places

82 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley

Appendix A

Sites Not Recommended for Inventory or Designaon

Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places Appendix A

Cougar’s Bar 117 Sunset Boulevard SW

Descripon of Heritage Place

Cougar’s Bar is a 1929, one-storey, L-shaped, rectangular wood-frame building located on the south side of Sunset Boulevard west of Main Street. The building has a low-gable roof and retains the locaon and size of the original front façade windows and recessed door entry with original stucco hidden by wood siding.

Heritage Value

The heritage value of the Cougar’s Bar building lies in its associaon with the theme of early urban development and commercial land use, as well as for its associaon with social and recreaonal acvies that created a more stable urban en- vironment and a central gathering place for the community.

Cougar’s Bar was built in 1929 by Maurice Widney and Earl Sharp, who had also built the Turner Valley Theatre, Mrs. Watchorn’s Boarding House, and several other homes on the same road.1 The building inially housed the Silver Grey Café during one of the periods of commercial development in Turner Valley related to the oilfield’s late 1920 drilling boom aer Royalite No. 4 well came into producon in 1924. The petroleum industry created an immense economic and social change, and urban development was one of the most significant changes that occurred. The proximity to the oil and gas fields ben- efited Turner Valley in that large increases in employment created a strong need for accommodaon, food, servicing, enter- tainment, and various other social acvies.2 Main Street cafés served an important role in the community by serving food to workers, travelers, regional farmers vising the community, and to the local community with limited cooking facilies. The cafes also served as a social centre, a meeng place, and an opportunity for townspeople and visitors to come together to in- teract.3 The Silver Grey Café was among several new businesses in Turner Valley.4 The Silver Grey Café was among several new businesses constructed in Turner Valley during this period, including a lumber yard, garages, hair salon, insurance office, pool hall, hardware, meat market, and others.5

The building is also representave of the typical evoluon of various funconal changes that occurred in building and business ownership. From a café, it became an oilfield equipment outlet, and then a furniture store6 prior to becoming a bowling alley in 1947.7 Under the ownership of Cliff and Salena Brown, it was again a focal point for social acvity with the community, operang as a bowling alley and pool hall. In 1957 the bowling alley was “in full swing” and several families took up bowling.8 The building held very compeve men’s, women’s, and mixed bowling leagues with different leagues playing each week.9 It currently operates as Cougar’s Bar.

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 85 Appendix A Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places

Character Defining Elements

 Original locaon on Sunset Boulevard just west of Main Street  Abutment to public sidewalk  Proximity to former Turner Valley Theatre  Mass, form, scale, and elongated footprint of the original bowling alley  Recessed entry  Locaon and scale of window openings  Original stucco under current wood siding

Sources:

1 Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, 1979, p. 728 2 ibid., p. 103 3 Donald G. Wetherell and Irene R.A. Kmet, “Town Life: Main Street and the Evoluon of Small Town Alberta, 1880-1947”, 1995, p. 227 4 Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, 1979, p. 671 5 ibid., p. 103 6 ibid., p. 103 7 ibid., p. 561 8 ibid., p. 306 9 ibid., p. 609

86 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places Appendix A

COUGAR’S BAR EVALUATION Site Name Cougar’s Bar Other Names Silver Grey Café, Turner Valley Bowling Alley Civic Address 117 Sunset Boulevard SW STEP ONE: ELIGIBILITY ASSESSMENT Descripon Cougar’s Bar is a 1929, one-storey, L-shaped, rectangular wood-frame building located on the south side of Sunset Boulevard west of Main Street. The building has a low-gable roof and retains the locaon and size of the original front façade windows and recessed door entry with original stucco hidden by wood siding. Excluded Type □ Type 1 □ Type 2 Excepon □ Cemeteries □ Birthplaces or graves □ Resources primarily commemorave in nature □ Resources that have been moved □ Resources achieving significance in last 50 years

Explain: STEP TWO: SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT Significance Criteria ■ A. Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event □ B. Instuon/Person □ C. Design/Style/Construcon □ D. Informaon Potenal □ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value

Explain: The heritage value of the Cougar’s Bar building lies in its associaon with the theme of urban development, through its commercial use as a restaurant and later for social and recreaonal acvies as a bowling alley. Municipal Significance ■ A. Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ○ Significant Associaon □ B. Instuon/Person ○ Individual Significance ○ Associaon Significance □ C. Design/Style/Construcon ○ Style/Type/Method of Construcon ○ Work of a Master ○ High Arsc Value □ D. Informaon Potenal ○ The Natural Environment ○ Completely Excavated Sites □ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value

Explain: The building is significant for its associaon with the acvity of serving sustenance to workers and the community of Turner Valley, as well as for its associaon to the acvity of bowling and as a centre for community recreaon. Very compeve men’s and women’s bowling leagues ulized the bowling alley several mes a week and added to the social fabric of the Main Street. Period of Significance 1929 to 1975 STEP THREE: INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT Character Defining ■ Yes Elements (CDE’s) □ No List:  Original locaon on Sunset Boulevard just west of Main Street  Abutment to public sidewalk  Proximity to former Turner Valley Theatre  Mass, form, scale, and elongated footprint of the original bowling alley  Recessed entry  Locaon and scale of window openings  Original stucco under current wood siding

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 87 Appendix A Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places

Aspects of Integrity ■ 1. Locaon Explain: Maintains original locaon on Sunset Boulevard.

■ 2. Design Explain: Structure retains original footprint, massing and scale, as well as window and door locaons.

■ 3. Environment Explain: Building retains its associaon with adjacent former theatre and its proximity to Main Street.

□ 4. Materials Explain: There is some evidence the original stucco exists beneath new horizontal flush wood plank siding, however the enre façade has been resided.

□ 5. Workmanship Explain: Structure carries no evidence of workmanship in construcon or applicaon of materials.

□ 6. Feeling Explain: Structure does not retain any associaon with its previous funcon as a bowling alley.

□ 7. Associaon Explain: Structure does not retain associaon with any current community group. Integrity Assessment ■ Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ○ Would the resource as it exists today be recognizable to a contemporary of the important theme, acvity or event it is associated with? □ B. Instuon/Person ○ Would the resource as it exists today be recognizable to a contemporary of the important instuon or person it is associated with? □ C. Design/Style/Construcon ○ Does the resource retain most of the physical features that mark it as: ▪ The embodiment of a type, period or method of construcon, or ▪ A representave of the work of a master, or ▪ Having high arsc value □ D. Informaon Potenal ○ Does the resource retain its potenal to yield specific data that addresses important research quesons? □ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value ○ Does the resource retain its ability to convey its landmark or symbolic value? Statement of Integrity The evaluated property Cougar’s Bar has significance, but does not maintain all the aspects of integrity necessary for it to convey its significance/heritage value, as determined in the Integrity Assessment, and therefore does not sasfy the requirements for placement on the Municipal Inventory or for designaon as a Municipal Resource. Final Evaluaon and □ Place resource on the Municipal Heritage Inventory □ Designate as a Municipal Resource

Recommendaon □ Designate as a Provincial Resource (potenal) □ Remove resource from the historic resources management process

88 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places Appendix A

Coyote Moon 202 Main Street NW

Descripon of Heritage Place

The Coyote Moon is a circa 1945, one-storey, building with heavy-mber roof construcon located on the corner of Main Street North and Edgar Avenue in the heart of the commercial area. The structure retains its original rectangular footprint with a simple ulitarian façade containing the original front entry and front window locaons.

Heritage Value

The heritage value of the Coyote Moon building lies in its associaon with the theme of early urban development in terms of its commercial land use, its public works funcon, and its associaon local polics and government.

Coyote Moon was built in the mid-1940’s during a me when the Turner Valley oilfields was at one me the only large oilfield in Canada. Turner Valley played a central role in supplying the oil necessary for Canada’s war effort in 1939. At the end of the war oil producon grew to nearly supply the needs of Calgary. The oil and gas acvity within the region created a great deal of employment opportunies, construcon, and servicing requirements. Raymond Hardware, and later Porter Supply, was a machine shop and hardware store that helped supply such needs.

The building is also significant in its associaon with Henry (Hank) Porter who was the Village Secretary from 1953 unl his resignaon in 1959. During that period the village office was in Raymond Hardware where several village meengs were held. Henry (Hank) Porter was also a partner with Emillien Raymond (nickname “Millie”) in Raymond Hardware before buying out the business in 1965 and changing the name to Porter Supply. Hank Porter was secretary of the Village starng in 1953. Hank Porter1 resigned in 1959.1 He also served as a councilor for two terms.2

The building is also representave of the typical evoluon of various funconal changes that occurred in building and business ownership. Aer its use as a supply and hardware store, the building connued to be used as the Town Hall from 1959 to 19963 during which it also housed the Fire Hall unl the mid-1980’s,4 thus categorizing this structure as a community landmark.

The building has since been ulized for various uses, such as the Arsan Café where live concerts were held in the evenings, and, since 2003, it has held the operaons of the restaurant and bar Coyote Moon.5

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 89 Appendix A Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places

Character Defining Elements

 Locaon on northwest corner of Main Street and Edgar Avenue  Setback from the Main Street sidewalk and Edgar Avenue sidewalk  Mass, form, and scale  Flat roof and corresponding parapet  Original front entry and window locaons on south end of front façade  Original two over two, one-sash, horizontal slider window on the south side in the upper façade Original wood floor in the front poron of the building  Heavy mber construcon on interior supporng roof structure

Sources:

1 ibid., p. 97 2 ibid., p. 613 3 Base Property Consultants Ltd. “Environmental Site Assessment”, October 10, 1996 4 Turner Valley Open House, July - August 2010 5 ibid.

90 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places Appendix A

COYOTE MOON EVALUATION Site Name Coyote Moon Other Names Raymond Hardware and Village Office, Porter Supply, Town Hall, Fire Hall, Arsan Cafe Civic Address 202 Main Street NW

STEP ONE: ELIGIBILITY ASSESSMENT Descripon The Coyote Moon is a circa 1945, one-storey, building with heavy-mber roof construcon located on the corner of Main Street North and Edgar Avenue in the heart of the commercial area. The structure retains its original rectangular footprint with a simple ulitarian façade containing the original front entry and front window locaons. Excluded Type □ Type 1 □ Type 2 Excepon □ Cemeteries □ Birthplaces or graves □ Resources primarily commemorave in nature □ Resources that have been moved □ Resources achieving significance in last 50 years

Explain:

STEP TWO: SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT Significance Criteria ■ A. Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ■ B. Instuon/Person □ C. Design/Style/Construcon □ D. Informaon Potenal ■ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value

Explain: The building is significant for its associaon with the theme of early urban development and commercial land use and public works, as well as for its associaon with the theme of polics and gov- ernment. Municipal Significance ■ A. Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ○ Significant Associaon ■ B. Instuon/Person ○ Individual Significance ○ Associaon Significance □ C. Design/Style/Construcon ○ Style/Type/Method of Construcon ○ Work of a Master ○ High Arsc Value □ D. Informaon Potenal ○ The Natural Environment ○ Completely Excavated Sites ■ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value

Explain: Structure is significant in that it represents the mulfunconal uses that Main Street buildings con- tained over the period of the community’s evoluon. It is also associated with Henry (Hank) Porter who was the Village secretary from 1953 – 59, and who was a partner in Raymond Hardware before buying out the business in 1965 and changing the name to Porter Supply. The building is also significant as a community landmark in that it housed the Village office where several meengs occurred, and also contained the Village Fire Hall at one me. Period of Significance c.1945 to present

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 91 Appendix A Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places

STEP THREE: INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT Character Defining ■ Yes Elements (CDE’s) □ No List:  Locaon on northwest corner of Main Street and Edgar Avenue  Setback from the Main Street sidewalk and Edgar Avenue sidewalk  Mass, form and scale  Flat roof and corresponding parapet  Original front entry and window locaons on south end of front façade  Original two over two, one sash, horizontal slider window on the south side in the upper façade  Original wood floor in the front poron of the building  Heavy mber construcon on interior supporng roof structure Aspects of Integrity ■ 1. Locaon Explain: Structure is in its original locaon on northwest corner of Main Street and Edgar Avenue.

■ 2. Design Explain: Structure maintains its original footprint, mass, form and scale.

■ 3. Environment Explain: Structure maintains its original proximity to Main Street and relaonship to other buildings.

□ 4. Materials Explain: Structure retains very lile of original exterior materials, however alteraons undertaken several years ago sll retain wood detailing and stucco. The interior sll retains evidence of heavy mber construcon supporng the roof, as well as burned mbers from an earlier fire when used by the Village.

□ 5. Workmanship Explain: Structure does not contain any evidence of notable workmanship other than the remnants of the heavy mber construcon supporng the roof structure within the interior ceiling space.

□ 6. Feeling Explain: Structure does not contain any associaon with a sense of feeling regarding various funcons over me.

□ 7. Associaon Explain: Structure does not maintain a strong associaon with municipal funcons. Integrity Assessment □ Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ○ Would the resource as it exists today be recognizable to a contemporary of the important theme, acvity or event it is associated with? □ B. Instuon/Person ○ Would the resource as it exists today be recognizable to a contemporary of the important instuon or person it is associated with? □ C. Design/Style/Construcon ○ Does the resource retain most of the physical features that mark it as: ▪ The embodiment of a type, period or method of construcon, or ▪ A representave of the work of a master, or ▪ Having high arsc value □ D. Informaon Potenal ○ Does the resource retain its potenal to yield specific data that addresses important research quesons? □ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value ○ Does the resource retain its ability to convey its landmark or symbolic value? Statement of Integrity The evaluated property Coyote Moon Restaurant has significance, but does not maintain all the aspects of integrity necessary for it to convey its significance/heritage, as determined in the Integrity Assessment, and therefore does not sasfy the requirements for placement on the Municipal Inventory or for designaon as a Municipal Resource. Final Evaluaon and □ Place resource on the Municipal Heritage Inventory □ Designate as a Municipal Resource

Recommendaon □ Designate as a Provincial Resource (potenal) □ Remove resource from the historic resources management process

92 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places Appendix A

L.A.B. Variety Store Ltd. 108 Main Street NW

Descripon of Heritage Place

The structure is a circa 1926 massing of two buildings - a one-storey and a two-storey, wood-frame building located on Main Street on the main transportaon route through Turner Valley. The structure has a medium gable roof over the north, two-storey, side that once contained the Royal Café and boarding house above, as well as an art deco marquee centrally placed in the upper boomtown façade. The le side, that once contained a drugstore, has a raked flat roof with extensive alteraons to the front façade.

Heritage Value

The heritage value of the L.A.B. Variety Store Ltd. building lies in its associaon with the theme of urban development.

The building is significant for its associaon with the theme of urban development. The history of the resource stems from the second oil and gas boom that occurred in Turner Valley in 1924.1 In the early years, companies held leases for their employees to build but did not have any available land for merchants to build. Although the signs posted by the companies were clear in stang that merchants were not welcome, the tenacity of such future business owners won as they gained control of a one-sided street that stretched a couple of miles long facing the company fence line. It was then called the “Main Drag”.2 During the period of 1924–29, the only businesses in the early years of the first boom since 1914 were a general store and a post office owned by Tom Fowler. The business of the oilfields, as well as the transient nature of the populaon, meant businesses changed hands oen over the years.3

The north side of the building was the Royal Café operated by Bill (Willy) Woo. Pete Crow ran poker games in the back of the Royal Café in the late 1920’s and 1930’s,4 and ran a boarding house,5 renng rooms above the restaurant. Charlie Woo sold his shoe repair business in Black Diamond in 1947 and moved to Turner Valley to cook at the Royal Café.6

Joe Korczynski operated the Turner Valley Drug Store on the south side of the building from 1930 unl 1960. He was born In Vulcan where he apprenced at King’s Drug Store. Aer graduang from the University of Alberta with a Gold Medal in Pharmacy in 1929, he worked for a year in Okotoks before moving to Turner Valley.7 In 1960, Calvin and Nora Andrew purchased the drugstore and turned the dispensary into a coffee shop. Calvin died in 1965, and Nora connued to operate the business unl she married Russell Krake and moved to Saskatchewan.8 Bill and Elaine Andrew bought the business, then called

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 93 Appendix A Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places

Turner Valley News Store, and renamed the business B & E Variety Shoppe. Due to Elaine’s ill health they sold in 1975.9 The next owner was Les and Leona Baggenstos, who then changed the business name to L & L Variety Store.10

Character-Defining Elements

 Locaon on Main Street, proximity to adjacent businesses, and abutment to public sidewalk  Form, scale, and massing  Moderate gabled roof with exposed raers in soffit  Horizontal flush wood siding on rear  Four foot wide rear door with original steel bolts and washers in side frame  Transom over main entry  Boomtown façade with art deco marquee detail  Evidence of windows in upper façade

Sources:

1 Turner Valley Historical Society, “Turner Valley District Driving Tour”, 1993 2 Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of the Flares: History of the Turner Valley Oilfields”, 1979, p. 103-104 3 ibid., p. 105 4 ibid., p. 103-104 5 ibid., p. 655 6 ibid., p. 708 7 ibid., p 740 8 ibid., p. 495 9 ibid., p. 276 10 ibid., p. 277

94 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places Appendix A

L.A.B. VARIETY STORE LTD. EVALUATION Site Name L.A.B. Variety Store Ltd. Other Names (right side) Royal Café—(le side) Korczynski Drug Store, Turner Valley News Store, B & E Variety Shoppe, L & L Variety Store Civic Address 108 Main Street NW

STEP ONE: ELIGIBILITY ASSESSMENT Descripon The structure is a circa 1926 massing of two buildings - a one-storey and a two-storey, wood-frame building located on Main Street on the main transportaon route through Turner Valley. The structure has a medium gable roof over the north, two-storey, side that once contained the Royal Café and boarding house above, as well as an art deco marquee centrally placed in the upper boomtown façade. The le side, that once con- tained a drugstore, has a raked flat roof with extensive alteraons to the front façade. Excluded Type □ Type 1 □ Type 2 Excepon □ Cemeteries □ Birthplaces or graves □ Resources primarily commemorave in nature □ Resources that have been moved □ Resources achieving significance in last 50 years Explain: STEP TWO: SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT Significance Criteria ■ A. Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event □ B. Instuon/Person □ C. Design/Style/Construcon □ D. Informaon Potenal □ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value Explain: The building is significant for its associaon with the theme of urban development. Municipal Significance ■ A. Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ○ Significant Associaon □ B. Instuon/Person ○ Individual Significance ○ Associaon Significance □ C. Design/Style/Construcon ○ Style/Type/Method of Construcon ○ Work of a Master ○ High Arsc Value □ D. Informaon Potenal ○ The Natural Environment ○ Completely Excavated Sites □ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value

Explain: The building is significant for its associaon with the theme of urban development. Period of Significance c1926 to present

STEP THREE: INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT Character Defining ■ Yes Elements (CDE’s) □ No List:  Locaon on Main Street, proximity to adjacent businesses, and abutment to public sidewalk  Form, scale, and massing  Moderate-gabled roof with exposed raers in soffit  Horizontal flush wood siding on rear  Four foot wide rear door with original steel bolts and washers in side frame  Transom over main entry  Boomtown façade with art deco marquee detail  Evidence of windows in upper facade

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 95 Appendix A Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places

Aspects of Integrity ■ 1. Locaon Explain: The building retains its original locaon on Main Street.

□ 2. Design Explain: The building does not retain original massing and form due to alternaons that now connect it with the adjacent building in structure and material.

■ 3. Environment Explain: The structure retains its relaonship with Main Street, which is the main transportaon route through Turner Valley, as well as proximity to other commercial services.

□ 4. Materials Explain: The building retains very lile of the original materials.

□ 5. Workmanship Explain: The building does not retain any evidence of the original workmanship.

■ 6. Feeling Explain: The structure retains the feeling of a commercial building.

■ 7. Associaon Explain: The building retains its associaon as a retail and commercial business. Integrity Assessment □ Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ○ Would the resource as it exists today be recognizable to a contemporary of the important theme, acvity or event it is associated with? □ B. Instuon/Person ○ Would the resource as it exists today be recognizable to a contemporary of the important instuon or person it is associated with? □ C. Design/Style/Construcon ○ Does the resource retain most of the physical features that mark it as: ▪ The embodiment of a type, period or method of construcon, or ▪ A representave of the work of a master, or ▪ Having high arsc value □ D. Informaon Potenal ○ Does the resource retain its potenal to yield specific data that addresses important research quesons? □ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value ○ Does the resource retain its ability to convey its landmark or symbolic value? Statement of Integrity The evaluated property L.A.B. Variety Store Ltd. has significance, but does not maintain all the aspects of integrity necessary for it to convey its significance/heritage value, as determined in the Integrity Assessment, and therefore does not sasfy the requirements for placement on the Municipal Inventory or for designaon as a Municipal Resource. Final Evaluaon and □ Place resource on the Municipal Heritage Inventory □ Designate as a Municipal Resource

Recommendaon □ Designate as a Provincial Resource (potenal) □ Remove resource from the historic resources management process

96 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places Appendix A

McMahon’s Roofing 113 Sunset Boulevard SW

Descripon of Heritage Place

The McMahon Roofing Building is a circa 1929, wood-frame structure situated on Sunset Boulevard in the first block west of Main Street in Turner Valley. It retains its scale, mass, form, and footprint of the original Turner Valley Theatre with a boomtown façade, curved stepped-parapet, and a recessed entry.

Heritage Value

The building is significant for its associaon with the theme of urban development brought about by the development of the Turner Valley oilfields.

The history of the resource stems from the surge in residenal and commercial development that followed the second oil and gas boom that occurred in Turner Valley in 1924 when the Royalite Company brought in the “Royalite No. 4” well.1 During the period of 1924–29, the only businesses in the early years of the first boom aer 1914 were a general store and a post office owned by Tom Fowler. The first businesses were built on the west side of Main Street across the road from the oilfield prop- eres. The next buildings were erected on Sunset Boulevard at the south end of the commercial district on Main Street. Mau- rice Widney and Earl Sharp built the Turner Valley Theatre and several other buildings including the Silver Grey Café, Mrs. Watchorn’s Boarding House, and several homes on the same road.2 The theatre was first operated by (Earl) Sharp Shows.3 In 1946, Turner Valley Theatre was owned and operated by James and Lillian McDonald4 who also operated the theatre in Black Diamond. In 1949 the Black Diamond Theatre was destroyed by fire and, in 1950, they sold the Turner Valley Theatre to Bill Schulz5 who moved the Royalites Theatre to replace the destroyed Black Diamond Theatre.

In 1969, Schulz sold the Turner Valley Theatre to Clarence and Rose Sommerstad. Rose was the daughter of former owners, James and Lillian McDonald.6 In 1976, Rose sold the Turner Valley Theater to Don and Merle Dunbreck.7 Theatre managers in the early 1980’s were Barb & Wayne Savage.

From 1986-1987, the theatre manager was David Hinman and the big hit movie was “Crocodile Dundee”. In 1990, the theatre manager was Jim Orr. The theatre closed soon aer, at which me the theatre became a photo shop run by Givern Smith and a video rental store.8 It is currently the locaon for McMahon’s Roofing.

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 97 Appendix A Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places

Character-Defining Elements

 Original locaon on Sunset Boulevard one block west of Main Street  Abutment to public sidewalk  Original recessed rectangular entrance  Original boomtown facade with a curved stepped parapet  Scale, mass, form and footprint of two storey structure

Sources:

1 Turner Valley Historical Society, “Turner Valley District Driving Tour”, 1993 2 Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, 1979, p. 728 3 ibid., p. 103 4 ibid., p. 103, 535 5 ibid., p. 665 6 ibid. 7 ibid. 8 Turner Valley Open House, July - August 2010

98 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places Appendix A

McMAHON’S ROOFING EVALUATION Site Name McMahon’s Roofing Other Names Turner Valley Theatre, Civic Address 113 Sunset Boulevard

STEP ONE: ELIGIBILITY ASSESSMENT Descripon The McMahon Roofing Building is a circa 1929, wood-frame structure situated on Sunset Boulevard in the first block west of Main Street in Turner Valley. It retains its scale, mass, form, and footprint of the original Turner Valley Theatre with a boomtown façade, curved stepped-parapet, and a recessed entry. Excluded Type □ Type 1 □ Type 2 Excepon □ Cemeteries □ Birthplaces or graves □ Resources primarily commemorave in nature □ Resources that have been moved □ Resources achieving significance in last 50 years Explain:

STEP TWO: SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT Significance Criteria ■ A. Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event □ B. Instuon/Person □ C. Design/Style/Construcon □ D. Informaon Potenal □ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value

Explain: The building is significant for its associaon with the themes of cultural life and urban development as the first movie theatre in Turner Valley which was also used for dances and polical party meengs. Municipal Significance ■ A. Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ○ Significant Associaon □ B. Instuon/Person ○ Individual Significance ○ Associaon Significance □ C. Design/Style/Construcon ○ Style/Type/Method of Construcon ○ Work of a Master ○ High Arsc Value □ D. Informaon Potenal ○ The Natural Environment ○ Completely Excavated Sites □ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value

Explain: Building is significant due to its use as a movie theatre and its role as a social entertainment centre. The theatre is also significant for its associaon with the Social Credit Party which held numerous public meengs in the theatre. Period of Significance c1929 to 1995

STEP THREE: INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT Character Defining ■ Yes Elements (CDE’s) □ No List:  Original locaon on Sunset Boulevard one block west of Main Street  Abutment to public sidewalk  Original recessed rectangular entrance  Original boomtown facade with a curved stepped parapet  Scale, mass, form and footprint of two storey structure

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 99 Appendix A Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places

Aspects of Integrity ■ 1. Locaon Explain: Structure is on its original locaon on Sunset Boulevard.

□ 2. Design Explain: Structure does not retain original design other than within parapet detail.

■ 3. Environment Explain: Structure retains its relaonship to Sunset Boulevard, Main Street and surrounding buildings.

□ 4. Materials Explain: It is not evident that building retains original materials.

□ 5. Workmanship Explain: Building does not retain any notable workmanship.

□ 6. Feeling Explain: Building does not retain any feeling or its funcon as a theatre.

□ 7. Associaon Explain: The building does not retain its associaon as a theatre. Integrity Assessment ■ Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ○ Would the resource as it exists today be recognizable to a contemporary of the important theme, acvity or event it is associated with? □ B. Instuon/Person ○ Would the resource as it exists today be recognizable to a contemporary of the important instuon or person it is associated with? □ C. Design/Style/Construcon ○ Does the resource retain most of the physical features that mark it as: ▪ The embodiment of a type, period or method of construcon, or ▪ A representave of the work of a master, or ▪ Having high arsc value □ D. Informaon Potenal ○ Does the resource retain its potenal to yield specific data that addresses important research quesons? □ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value ○ Does the resource retain its ability to convey its landmark or symbolic value? Statement of Integrity The evaluated property McMahon’s Roofing has significance, but does not maintain all the aspects of integrity necessary for it to convey its significance/heritage, as determined in the Integrity Assessment, and therefore does not sasfy the requirements for placement on the Municipal Inventory or for designaon as a Municipal Resource. Final Evaluaon and □ Place resource on the Municipal Heritage Inventory □ Designate as a Municipal Resource

Recommendaon □ Designate as a Provincial Resource (potenal) □ Remove resource from the historic resources management process

100 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places Appendix A

Valley Hardware 112 Main Street NW

Descripon of Heritage Place

The Valley Hardware building is a circa 1932, single-storey, structure situated on Main Street North, the main transportaon corridor through Turner Valley. The structure retains the recessed opening and stepped parapet on the sidewalls. Overall, the structure has undergone extensive alteraons.

Heritage Value

The heritage value of the Valley Hardware building lies in its associaon with the theme of urban development.

The history of the resource stems from the second oil and gas boom that occurred in Turner Valley in 1924 when the Royalite Company succeeding the original Calgary consorum brought in “Royalite No.4” well. During this me, the enre country was dealing with an intense post-war recession, thus the second boom arrived much slower than the first. Addionally, operators quesoned the producve capacity of the field as it showed limited producon results. Yet, aside from these concerns, the selement of Turner Valley connued to grow and on February 25, 1930, Turner Valley incorporated as a Village.1

The history of the resource stems from the second oil and gas boom that occurred in Turner Valley in 1924.2 In the early years, companies held leases for their employees to build, but did not have any available land for merchants to construct their businesses. Although the signs posted by the companies were clear in stang that merchants were not welcome, the tenacity of such future business owners won as they gained control of a one-sided street that stretched a couple of miles long facing the company fence line. It was then called the “Main Drag”.3 During the period of 1924–29, the only businesses in the early years of the first boom, since 1914, were a general store and a post office owned by Tom Fowler. The business of the oilfields, as well as the transient nature of the populaon, meant businesses changed hands oen over the years.4

When Turner Valley became a “boomtown” in the late 1920s, a Mr. Bowles started the hardware store in Turner Valley. In 1929, his daughter Wilhemina quit her job at a bank in Calgary and joined him in the business. In May 1931, she married Bill Lowery who worked in the gas field as a separator operator. Due to ill health he quit his job and joined his wife and father-in- law in the store. When Mr. Bowles died in 1945, the couple connued to operate the store.5 Bill Lowery was an avid curler and President of the local legion. In 1955, the Bill Lowery Trophy was presented for the first me to the winner of the Legion Zone Men’s Curling Champion. In 1971, there was also Lowery Trophy for the women’s champion.6 The Lowerys later sold the business to Albert Janz.7 Aer the sale, Bill Lowery was postmaster from 1943 unl his death in 1954.8 George and Doris John-

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 101 Appendix A Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places ston sold their very successful dairy farm in 1948, moved to Turner Valley and bought the Valley Hardware business. George was mayor of Turner Valley for ten years, and both George and Doris were very involved in forming the Valley Neighbour Club.9 They operated business unl they rered in 1961, at which me they sold the building to Don Armstrong, who then sold it to Terry Armstrong. The Armstrong’s spaally connected the adjacent pool room, built by Oo Buckles in the early 1920’s, to the Valley Hardware secon to increase the size of the store.10 In 1977-78, the south side of the hardware building was recon- structed.11

The Valley Hardware building is representave of the increasing need for hardware supplies in a community driven by residenal and commercial development brought on by the petroleum drilling boom. It is also representave of the one-sided street paern of urban development that dictated where the resource was to be located. Originally built in the late 1920s, it served the hardware needs of the community for more than fiy years.

Character-Defining Elements

 Locaon and orientaon on Main Street  Proximity to adjacent businesses  Abutment to public sidewalk  Stepped sidewall parapet on both side walls  Recessed entry opening  Flat roof with slight slope to the rear  Mass, form and scale

Sources:

1 Turner Valley Historical Society, “Turner Valley District Driving Tour”, 1993 2 ibid. 3 Sheep River Historical Society, “In the Light of the Flares: History of Turner Valley Oilfields”, 1979, p. 105 4 ibid., p. 103-104 5 ibid., p. 519 6 ibid. , p. 482-483 7 ibid., p. 189 8 ibid., p. 103 9 ibid., p. 483 10 ibid., p. 104 11 Alberta Inventory Site Form # 39506

102 Communit Desig Stategies Inc. Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places Appendix A

VALLEY HARDWARE EVALUATION Site Name Valley Hardware Other Names Bowles Hardware and Buckles Pool Hall Civic Address 112 Main Street NW

STEP ONE: ELIGIBILITY ASSESSMENT Descripon The Valley Hardware building is a circa 1932, single-storey, structure situated on Main Street North, the main transportaon corridor through Turner Valley. The structure retains the recessed opening and stepped para- pet on the sidewalls. Overall, the structure has undergone extensive alteraons. Excluded Type □ Type 1 □ Type 2 Excepon □ Cemeteries □ Birthplaces or graves □ Resources primarily commemorave in nature □ Resources that have been moved □ Resources achieving significance in last 50 years

Explain: STEP TWO: SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT Significance Criteria ■ A. Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event □ B. Instuon/Person □ C. Design/Style/Construcon □ D. Informaon Potenal □ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value

Explain: The building is significant for its associaon with the themes of urban development, and business and industry. Municipal Significance ■ A. Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ○ Significant Associaon □ B. Instuon/Person ○ Individual Significance ○ Associaon Significance □ C. Design/Style/Construcon ○ Style/Type/Method of Construcon ○ Work of a Master ○ High Arsc Value □ D. Informaon Potenal ○ The Natural Environment ○ Completely Excavated Sites □ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value

Explain: The building is significant for its associaon with the theme of urban development and its provision of hardware parts and service. Period of Significance c1932 to present

Step Three: Integrity Assessment Character Defining ■ Yes Elements (CDE’s) □ No List:  Locaon and orientaon on Main Street  Proximity to adjacent businesses  Abutment to public sidewalk  Stepped sidewall parapet on both side walls  Recessed entry opening  Flat roof with slight slope to the rear  Mass, form and scale

Communit Desig Stategies Inc. 103 Appendix A Downtown Turner Valley Inventory of Historic Places

Aspects of Integrity ■ 1. Locaon Explain: The building retains its original locaon on Main Street.

■ 2. Design Explain: The building retains original foot print with the addion of the former bowling alley on the north side.

■ 3. Environment Explain: The structure retains its relaonship with Main Street, which is the main transportaon route through Turner Valley, as well as proximity to other commercial services.

□ 4. Materials Explain: The building retains lile original material.

□ 5. Workmanship Explain: The building retains lile evidence of original workmanship.

□ 6. Feeling Explain: The building does not retain the feeling of an early 20th Century hardware store.

□ 7.Associaon Explain: The building no longer retains its associaon with hardware sales and service. Integrity Assessment □ Theme/Acvity/Cultural Pracce/Event ○ Would the resource as it exists today be recognizable to a contemporary of the important theme, acvity or event it is associated with? □ B. Instuon/Person ○ Would the resource as it exists today be recognizable to a contemporary of the important instuon or person it is associated with? □ C. Design/Style/Construcon ○ Does the resource retain most of the physical features that mark it as: ▪ The embodiment of a type, period or method of construcon, or ▪ A representave of the work of a master, or ▪ Having high arsc value □ D. Informaon Potenal ○ Does the resource retain its potenal to yield specific data that addresses important research quesons? □ E. Landmark/Symbolic Value ○ Does the resource retain its ability to convey its landmark or symbolic value? Integrity Statement The evaluated property Valley Hardware has significance, but does not retain all aspects of integrity necessary for it to convey its significance/heritage, as determined in the Integrity Assessment, and therefore does not sasfy the requirements for placement on the Municipal Inventory or for designaon as a Municipal Resource. Final Evaluaon and □ Place resource on the Municipal Heritage Inventory □ Designate as a Municipal Resource

Recommendaon □ Designate as a Provincial Resource (potenal) □ Remove resource from the historic resources management process

104 Communit Desig Stategies Inc.