Phylogeny of Psephenidae (Coleoptera: Byrrhoidea) Based on Larval, Pupal and Adult Characters
Systematic Entomology (2007), 32, 502–538 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2006.00374.x Phylogeny of Psephenidae (Coleoptera: Byrrhoidea) based on larval, pupal and adult characters CHI-FENG LEE1 , MASATAKA SATOˆ2 , WILLIAM D. SHEPARD3 and M A N F R E D A . J A¨CH4 1Institute of Biodiversity, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, 2Dia Cuore 306, Kamegahora 3-1404, Midoriku, Nagoya, 458-0804, Japan, 3Essig Museum of Entomology, 201 Wellman Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A., and 4Natural History Museum, Burgring 7, A-1010 Wien, Austria Abstract. We conducted the first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Pse- phenidae, based on 143 morphological characters of adults, larvae and pupae and coded for 34 taxa, representing three outgroups and 31 psephenid genera, including four undescribed ones. A strict consensus tree calculated (439 steps, consistency index ¼ 0.45, retention index ¼ 0.75) from the two most-parsimonious cladograms indicated that the monophyly of the family and subfamilies is supported, with the exception of Eubriinae, which is paraphyletic when including Afroeubria. Here a new subfamily, Afroeubriinae (subfam.n.), is formally estab- lished for Afroeubria. The analysis also indicated that the ‘streamlined’ larva is a derived adaptive radiation. Here, suprageneric taxonomy and the evolution of some significant characters are discussed. Keys are provided to the subfamilies and genera of Psephenidae considering larvae, adults and pupae. Introduction type specimens and the association of adults and immature stages by rearing, five new genera were proposed for Ori- Psephenidae, the ‘water penny’ beetles, are characterized by ental taxa and a well-resolved phylogenetic tree was ob- the peculiar larval body shape (Figs 4–7).
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