Interview with Carl Safina | P 2 WAZA's First Animal Welfare Coordinator

2/17 October 2017

Interview with Carl Safina | p 2 WAZA’s First Animal Welfare Coordinator | p 4 Zoo Ethics: The Challenges of Compassionate Conservation | p 10 Gentoo swimming. © Lee Fischer IIII WAZA 2/17 Contents Editorial President’s Page...... 1 WAZA Interview: Carl Safina...... 2 Animal Welfare Coordinator Feature...... 4 The role of WAZA Animal Welfare Committee – Interview with Dr. Clement Lanthier...... 6 Detroit Zoo’s Center for Zoo Animal Welfare...... 8

Book Feature: Zoo Ethics: The Challenges of Compassionate Conservation ...... 10 Announcements: Heini Hediger Award...... 12 WAZA Conservation Award...... 13

Recent updates: Wild Welfare Update...... 14 New Exhibits: New Tiger Trek at Taronga Zoo...... 16 WAZA Nature Connect Grants...... 18 ISB Update...... 19 Dear WAZA Members and Friends,

It is a sincere honor to present this latest issue of WAZA News, which we believe signals a new energy, a new enthusiasm, and a new era for the world’s leading zoos and aquariums. Six months have passed since I was named as Chief Executive Officer of WAZA, and a great many changes have occurred in that time. A New WAZA President. New WAZA Council members. New WAZA staff members, and a shift in focus that moves WAZA and its member regional associations, national federations, zoos, aquariums and supporters to the forefront of issues that define the 21st century. It can no longer be enough that WAZA member zoos and aquariums represent the gold standard for animal care and public engagement. That is the base- line. Instead, zoos and aquariums must now engage directly on key social issues such as climate change, habitat protection, illegal wildlife trade, animal welfare, marine litter and sustainable development, tak- Imprint ing a seat at the table with the other key stakeholders. If poachers break into a French zoo to murder Editor: a rhinoceros for its horn, then the WAZA community Gavrielle Kirk-Cohen, WAZA must deal with illegal wildlife trade. If illegal fishing is driving the vaquita to extinction, then the WAZA WAZA Executive Office community must engage in extreme conservation. IUCN Conservation Centre If public concerns over the keeping of sentient species Rue Mauverney 28 raise alarms, then the WAZA community must engage CH-1196 Gland Phone: +41 22 999 07 90 in animal welfare. And if consumer habits can break Switzerland Fax: +41 22 999 07 91 the reliance on plastic and unsustainable palm oil and other products, then the WAZA community must Layout and typesetting: Michal Stránský engage in behavior change. Print: Agentura NP, Staré Město, Czech Republic When WAZA chose the theme, “Our Time Is Now,” for its annual conference, the belief was that the Edition: 1 500 copies | © WAZA 2017 world’s leading zoos and aquariums were poised to transform more than a century of experience into This edition of WAZA News is also available on action that could tackle some of the world’s major www.waza.org (members’ area) ecological concerns. So, truly, if our time is now, then now is the time to act. Printed on FSC paper. Doug Cress Chief Executive Officer ISSN: 1662-7733 WAZA 2/17 1

Jenny Gray President’s Page

I am incredibly optimistic about the future of zoos and aquariums, yet there is much we must change.

We know that we should never be complacent on the care we provide to the animals we work with. Every year we learn more about cognition and emotions in animals. As people who choose to work with animals, we have an obligation to ensure that they experience a good life. So it is very important that we take the opportunity to learn and to engage on issues of animal welfare. This maga- Dear Colleagues zine is just such an opportunity.

It feels like an incredible time to The future for WAZA, in proactively We also are acutely aware of the become the President of the World and positively advancing the role, threats to animals that share our Association of Zoos and Aquariums impact and success of zoos and planet. Every year the work that zoos (WAZA). Our community ranges far aquariums, requires strong leader- and aquariums do in fighting extinc- and wide and represents a broad ship, supported by scientific cred- tion and supporting conservation is cross section of the leading facilities. ibility and savvy communications. more important. Every year more Our commitment to conservation I am confident that we have secured species need our help. and animal welfare have been well a team that will deliver the strategies articulated in our strategy documents and direction that will strengthen the As we gather in Berlin in October we and grows every year. WAZA position and reputation, while will discuss the amazing impact that facilitating the success of our mem- zoos and aquariums have on our visi- All good organisations build on the ber associations, federations, and tors, our communities and our planet. work of those who have gone before zoos and aquariums. We will consider how we can be even and I would like to take this opportu- more impactful and how we can nity to thank Susan Hunt, Gerald Dick, Our new Chief Executive Officer, share our stories in new and exciting Markus Gusset and Hyatt Antognini Doug Cress brings political and inter- ways. We will celebrate the achieve- Amin for the legacy they leave behind. national experience, with boundless ments of our colleagues. I look for- enthusiasm and strong communi- ward to passionate discussions, loud We have taken six months to con- cation skills. The Animal Welfare debates and noisy celebrations. solidate our learnings and to recruit Coordinator, Sabrina Brando, has a new team to take WAZA forward. a strong science background and ani- It is humbling to take the reigns as Of course, a significant change in mal welfare credibility, Martin Zordan, WAZA President, but I could not wish staff means that some of the normal Conservation Coordinator, brings for a better community to represent. WAZA operations have been inter- his conservation qualifications and Together we can make the world rupted, but thanks to Cliff Hannan, recent experience of South American a better place for all creatures. the WAZA office has retained profes- facilities as the director of ALPZA, sional interaction and prepared for while Gavrielle Kirk‑Cohen, Commu- a significant conference in Berlin nications Coordinator, is a communi- in October. And we all owe a deep cations specialist with experience in expression of gratitude to Stephanie South Africa and Europe. This truly Sanderson, our colleague and friend diverse and global team will bring from Chester Zoo, who stepped in as new energy and skills to the WAZA Interim Director of WAZA on a mo- mission. ment’s notice and kept the organiza- tion running at the highest possible level for over six months. 2 WAZA 2/17

Carl Safina WAZA Interview Conservationist, author and founder of the Carl Safina Centre

Carl Safina is an award-winning author of numerous books and writings, which examine the human relationship with the natural world. Safina’s work strives to show that nature and human dignity require each other. His latest book, Beyond Words, takes readers inside the minds and lives of animals, witness- ing their capacity for perception, thought and emotion, and helping to foster a better understanding of animals.

You say in Beyond Words that we What are, for you the most important measure animals by human stand- things to think about when consider- ards. How do you think people per- ing animal welfare? ceive most other animals, and do you Animal welfare is entirely about hu- see differences between species? mans caring for captive animals. There There are no animals like humans, but is no animal welfare in nature, though there are no animals like elephants or there is sometimes great well‑ being like whales or like eagles. Our main in nature. Many animals die young, limitation is that we are locked inside yet some live decades and thrive. The our own perspective, and we have most important thing about animal a hard time seeing ourselves from welfare is that many animals are ca- a distance. If we did, we’d see that pable of suffering and being miserable, © Pat Paladines we are in some ways remarkable and and they are also capable of well in other ways quite limited. Most ‑being and health. If we take it upon people think we are the answer sheet ourselves to keep them captive, then I’ve been very fortunate. I often to the questions of creation. Because ethically we have a responsibility to think back to the fact that I started we think we are the standard, every- do the best we can to avoid harm and raising homing pigeons when I was thing else fails to be like us. But we discomfort, and to continue to learn to seven years old. My father helped of would fail to be like dogs, for instance, improve the physical and psychologi- course, but they were mine and my if we used dogs as the standard cal health of our captives. responsibility. At seven, no one had instead of us. Their hearing, sense told me animals can’t think and have of smell, and speed are superhuman, Your books have beautiful and vivid no emotions and are not conscious. they are more loyal, more forgiving. descriptions of animals and the natu- I just saw them courting and choos- We should be humbled. ral world, can you tell us more about ing mates, figuring out which box The main thing human beings excel your connection with other animals would be theirs out of the stack of at is tinkering. But while we are the and nature? boxes, building a nest, having their most creative and compassionate I grew up in Brooklyn where there little fights and raising their babies, animal, we are also, at the same time, were essentially no wild animals. leaving for the day and returning for the most destructive and the cruelest. My father bred canaries as a hobby. supper. Across the yard, we all lived Each species is different, which is I don’t know why but I always abso- in our own stack of boxes where we kind‑of the whole point of species. lutely loved animals. We went to the sorted ourselves out. We had our little But all species are remarkably similar, zoo, the aquarium, and the American disputes and mommies and daddies and all are related by ancestry. So, it’s Museum of Natural History. Ironically, left for the day and came back and all a matter of perspective. But most even though all the museum animals took care of their babies. I saw us as people view the world from the inside, were dead, the magnificent diora- mainly very similar. looking out. That gives us an inside mas fired my imagination about wild I’ve been taught a lot that has con- out view of the world. It’s not a real or things in wild places in a way that the tradicted my first impressions of our objective view of our place in things. zoo’s jailhouses did not. A bit later my similarity, but after learning every- family spent a little time in the Catskill thing I know, and having watched Mountains where I could finally see animals on every continent and sev- real wild birds, snakes, frogs, and eral oceans, I’ve never actually seen other animals. I wanted a life involved anything that made me think that my in being close to wild animals, and first impressions as a seven-year-old helping to survive. I completed a were wrong. I think we are all, basi- degree in Environmental Science and cally, very similar. Animals, however, two degrees in Ecology while study- are far less destructive and violent ing seabirds and hawks, and what than we are. Their existence in the followed was a kind of life I wished for world is at least equally valid to ours. but I never really could have imagined. WAZA 2/17 3

How do you think the zoo and aquarium community can break down the boundaries between humans and other animals and develop a better understanding of what they think and feel, as well as what they need? By becoming more familiar with them. Most people never in their lives sit and watch animals for hours a day for weeks over years, but a few people do. And when you do, you start to learn more about them. A few biologists get to do this and what they learn is incredible. Some keepers get to do this and in their ways, they learn minute nuances of individuals’ personalities and responses to their situations. You have to want to see © Nick Cobbing them. And seeing them takes time. Carl Safina aboard Arctic Sunrise in Svalbard 2016. What roles can professional zoos, How can we better connect people How can zoos and aquariums encour- aquariums and sanctuaries play in with other animals, to encourage age people to measure the needs of connecting people to other animals them to care for animals and the animals by using animal standards? and the natural world? natural world? The easiest thing is to assume that The Scriptural book of Genesis When I was a kid, even the best zoos animals feel best when they are doing imagines that paradise on Earth was were jails. Cat and ape houses had the kinds of things they would choose a natural garden where the humans concrete floors and big bars. You saw to do in the wild. Space, stimulation, lived surrounded by animals. This is specimens. You did not see animals in movement, social groupings, food in fact how humans evolved and how any kind of context; not their environ- searching and handling – these are most humans lived for most of our ment, not their social groups. The zoo some of the considerations about history: in nature, in close proxim- had almost nothing to do with nature. what must be offered. ity to animals and reliant on them I think zoos need to see their mission in many physical and spiritual ways. as serving the interests of conserving How can we use an understanding of In the Bible, God sends a flood to viable wild populations, which means: animal sentience and consciousness destroy humans but orders an ark to habitats. In my mind, good zoos to change the way zoos and aquari- save the animals. These stories tell of serve the interests of wild animals. ums take care of animals in captivity? a relationship to nature, to the valuing Bad zoos make animals serve their in- It’s about what they are capable of of wild animals, that is mostly gone. terests. That is how I decide whether doing in the wild. Many animals are Most people live utterly disconnected a zoo is good or bad. vividly aware of their surroundings, from nature. We are in an extinction The dilemma for good zoos is that their social situation, their status, crisis. Meanwhile, we are gutting the most visitors want a nice day, not where things are in their territories Environmental Protection Agency. a mission. But a few people will get and home ranges, who their friends Things are wrong, and the whole ignited. Many professional conserva- and enemies are. They expend a lot of living world is at stake. I am among tionists went to zoos as kids. I did. But energy trying to stay alive and trying those who think zoos can do a great the zoo must also have very active to keep their babies alive. One can service in maintaining some con- conservation projects in the field. see whether animals appear active nection between people who would It can’t be just window dressing and and stimulated and at ease and one never in their lives get to see wild tinsel. Because I grew up in New York can see whether they seem stressed animals, and the live animals those and still live there, I’m most familiar or bored or depressed. people can see and can bring their with the Wildlife Conservation Society, kids to see at the zoo. which used to be the New York Zoo- logical Society. They run several New York City zoos and an aquarium. They …In the Bible, God sends a flood have people doing real research in the wild, doing real conservation work, to destroy humans but orders an ark and they’ve been involved in prevent- ing extinctions – for instance they to save the animals. These stories tell were crucial in saving the American bison. They have improved the zoo of a relationship to nature… operation enormously in my lifetime. 4 WAZA 2/17

Gavrielle Kirk-Cohen – WAZA Animal Welfare Coordinator Feature

Sabrina Brando was appointed as WAZA’s first‑ever Animal Welfare Coordinator earlier this year, as WAZA continues to emphasize its commitment to animal care and ethics.

Brando is responsible for promoting animal welfare programmes that em- phasise evidenced‑based approaches, © AnimalConcepts empirical and applied research, and Brando delivering a lecture on animal welfare. practical day‑to‑day efforts such as environmental enrichment programmes and positive human‑animal Brando is passionate about animals In 2004, Brando founded AnimalCon- relationships. Sabrina will also work and their well‑being and has been cepts, a consulting company dedi- collaboratively on other animal working in and with the zoo com- cated to promoting high‑quality care welfare and animal advocacy aspects munity for 26 years. A native of the for wild animals in human care, with throughout WAZA’s global network. Netherlands, she began her career as a focus on positive animal welfare. a volunteer at the aquarium at Artis AnimalConcepts collaborates with In 2015, WAZA published the WAZA Zoo, before accepting her first job at other professionals at universities Animal Welfare Strategy: Caring for the Hardewijk Dolphinarium. Since and zoo organisations, to develop, Animals, calling on zoos and aquari- 1992, she has worked in many zoos, maintain and assess professional ums to make an ongoing commit- marine parks, research institutes, programmes to further knowledge ment to animal welfare in all its wildlife parks and sanctuaries across about animal welfare and protection operations and to all animals in their the world. through research and practical ap- care. The strategy recommends proaches. continued education and training of Brando said she hopes to raise the staff in animal welfare and a commit- global commitment to animal welfare Brando’s work has covered a wide ment to animal welfare research, to through WAZA higher than ever. variety of species and habitats, applying animal welfare knowledge including volunteering on a study of to exhibit design and to being leading “I see and feel this position as being wild bottlenose dolphins in response centres for animal welfare. Brando a wonderful opportunity to share and to boat traffic in Portugal, a seat on will promote the implementation of collaborate with other professionals the advisory council of Barcelona key aspects of the strategy and help and researchers, and to be able to Zoo’s master planning process, the WAZA members improve animal care hand over to other experts in fields development of an integrated animal and welfare in their own institutions. in which I have little to no expertise,” training programme at Twycross Zoo, Brando said. “We are currently in the and collaborative animal welfare “I am delighted and honoured to have process of developing a short and seminars with Chester Zoo and Co- this opportunity,” said Brando. “I look long‑term road map at WAZA regard- penhagen Zoo. forward to collaborating with other ing topics and key points reflecting professionals in the zoo and aquari- a contemporary approach to animal um community, as well as colleagues welfare, the care of wild animals and in the academic, animal protection our commitment to dynamic, inte- and advocacy fields.” grated and evolving evidence‑based programmes.” WAZA 2/17 5

Sabrina volunteers her time and Brando has a BSc. in Psychology “I studied psychology from an ap- expertise for various non-profit or- (2011), MSc. in Animal Studies (2016) plied and comparative approach ganisations and charities. She coordi- and is currently completing a MSc. with animals firmly in the back of my nates the Primate Care Training Pro- in Psychology. She has published mind,” she said. “Learning, cognition, gram with the Pan African Sanctuary and co‑authored more than a dozen but also problem solving of undesired Alliance, is a SHAPE of Enrichment articles and book chapters on animal behaviours and psychological states – Instructor, and has collaborated on welfare, enrichment, behaviour, such as boredom and stereotypic animal welfare, enrichment and husbandry and ethics. She has also behaviour – as well as getting a bet- training seminars with Animals Asia organised over 215 seminars and ter understanding of the physical, at the Moon Bear Rescue Centre in workshops worldwide and has been psychological and emotional lives of Chengdu in China and AAP Primado- an invited speaker at numerous con- living beings all fascinates me, and mus in Spain. ferences around the globe. are at the core of contemporary animal welfare and care programmes Brando said her psychology degree – today.” while focused on human beings – has a direct correlation to her work with animals.

…I see and feel this position as being a wonderful opportunity to share and collaborate with other professionals and researchers… 6 WAZA 2/17

Gavrielle Kirk-Cohen – WAZA The role of WAZA Animal Welfare Committee An Interview with Dr. Clement Lanthier

Dr. Clement Lanthier is the Chief The WAZA Animal Welfare Commit- Executive Officer and President of tee is responsible for monitoring the Calgary Zoo, and has previously WAZA’s members and their compli- © Sergei Belski served as President of the Canadian ance with the Code of Ethics and Clement Lantier. Association of Zoos and Aquariums Animal Welfare in accordance with (CAZA), as well as the President the WAZA Bylaws. of the Canadian Committee of the International Union for the Conser- As a WAZA Council member and In that context, WAZA has recently vation of Nature (CC‑IUCN). In his recently named to chair the WAZA recruited its first Animal Welfare time at Calgary Zoo, Dr. Lanthier Animal Welfare Committee, can you Coordinator, Sabrina Brando. This has been responsible for redefining give us an overview of these roles and unequivocal expression of the im- the zoo’s vision and mission and what you hope to achieve? portance of animal welfare is a sig- for establishing many of the zoo’s nificant step forward. My new role as successful conservation projects. It is an exciting time to be part of Chair of the Animal Welfare Commit- He has been involved in conserva- WAZA. After many years of devel- tee will be to tap into the knowledge tion projects globally and has also oping comprehensive strategies and expertise of committee members previously worked as a field veteri- contained in the WAZA strategies, to help to support WAZA’s Animal narian and scientific advisor for the Committing to Conservation (2015) Welfare Coordinator. Inspired by the Department of Fisheries Canada and Caring for Wildlife (2015), our Caring for Wildlife strategy, we have (DFO). He was recently appointed time is now. It’s time for every WAZA to commit to defining priorities as as the new WAZA Animal Welfare institutional member to effectively a team – a challenging prospect. Committee Chair. implement those strategies. It’s time to partner with regional and national Why do you think it’s important to zoos and aquariums to collaborate on have an Animal Welfare Committee? the implementation of those strategies. It is time to challenge each other Animal Welfare is critical to all zoos and deliver the best care we can to and aquariums. Fundamentally, it is all the animals we look after, every our license to operate. Around the day. It’s time to make a difference for world, every day, accredited zoos and wildlife and wild places. aquariums must provide the highest level of welfare possible for all species in their care. It is an enormous responsibility. It is an expectation from the communities we serve.

…Poor animal welfare is everyone’s How can we be advocates for wildlife conservation if our animal welfare business. There is an opportunity to track record does not reflect best practices? It is a question of our rel- share information and resources more evance and credibility. effectively that have a direct impact on animal welfare… WAZA 2/17 7

Why is WAZA’s Animal Welfare Is there anything you would like to The science of animal welfare is Strategy important and how can we change about how zoos and aquari- continually evolving; how does the ensure member organizations are ums regard animal welfare? Animal Welfare Committee adapt and fully implementing the strategy? ensure that it keeps up to date with Poor animal welfare is everyone’s the latest research? The Caring for Wildlife strategy is business. There is an opportunity a thorough and exhaustive reference to share information and resources At the WAZA Annual Conference in that is helpful for everyone who cares more effectively that have a direct October in Berlin, the Animal Welfare for wildlife. The challenge is to be impact on animal welfare. We should Committee will discuss this specific able to disseminate the strategy to also consider strategic partnerships issue. Working with subject matter members from different cultures and with other stakeholders that share experts is key to making sure WAZA languages. Working with national and our objectives and vision. There will members “walk the talk” and benefit regional associations is critical. Build- always be some disparity within WA- from the latest science. I know there ing a collaborative approach will give ZA’s membership – we can do a bet- is a lot of interest and expertise WAZA the strength and momentum ter job helping each other. Over the within WAZA, as well as outside to influence others. That collabora- years, many zoos and aquariums of the WAZA circle. tion can be expressed by supporting have developed collaborative conser- training sessions, translating and vation programmes across the globe. adapting animal welfare educational Perhaps it is time to build similar part- material, using digital platforms, nerships that impact animal welfare. participating in the development of regional animal welfare guidelines Finally, I would like to be able to influ- and standards, and building account- ence all WAZA members to embrace ability. In other words, national and a culture of transparency when it regional associations are key stake- comes to animal welfare. Zoos and holders that can implement WAZA’s aquariums are doing amazing things animal welfare strategy. to enhance the quality of all animals’ lives. We should talk about it, seek advice and learn from each other. 8 WAZA 2/17

Sabrina Brando – WAZA Detroit Zoo’s Center for Zoo Animal Welfare

The Detroit Zoological Society’s Research scientists at the Detroit According to CZAW, ensuring the Center for Zoo Animal Welfare and Zoo have published extensively on well‑being of captive exotic animals Ethics (CZAW) combines research, animal welfare assessment, high- must require an acknowledgement of science, training, outreach and acts lighting the importance of animal the following fundamental issues: as a resource for animal welfare welfare research in zoos and aquari- knowledge and expertise. The Center ums, and the importance of practical • An individual animal’s overall aims to advance captive exotic ani- applications of animal welfare knowl- mental, physical and emotional mal welfare science and policy to help edge to day‑to‑day care. CZAW is in- state (referred to as welfare or ensure that the animals in human volved in numerous research projects well‑being) is determined solely care are thriving. such as, assessing the welfare of by that individual zoo penguins, the impact of visitors • Captive exotic animals must be able The Center has five main goals: on the welfare of macropods, and to exercise relevant and meaningful 1. Acquire and make easily accessible monitoring habitat use in polar bears, control and choice in their lives to zoo and aquarium professionals among many others. • Good care is not the same as the current body of knowledge on good welfare animal welfare. Ron Kagan, the Executive Director at • Constant rigorous evaluation of 2. Conduct and facilitate welfare the Detroit Zoo, has long advocated captive environments and practices assessments and applied welfare for compassionate conservation, is essential research on captive exotic animals. animal welfare, and humane educa- • Sharing of information and open 3. Convene important discussions tion within today’s zoo and aquarium dialogue is essential and presentations on captive community. In A Universal Animal exotic animal welfare. Welfare Framework for Zoos, Kagan et CZAW also works to highlight the 4. Train professionals on captive al, writes: “Commitment requires rec- conflict that often exists between in- exotic animal welfare best prac- ognition of responsibility to provide dividual animal welfare and conserva- tices and policies. high‑quality life experiences for every tion goals, the well‑being of species, 5. Recognize advances in improv- hour of every day for all individual and the importance of balancing the ing captive exotic animal welfare animals from cradle to grave. It is needs and ensuring the well‑being of through awards. built upon the understanding that both the individuals and populations. an individual animal’s ability to exert meaningful choice and control is The CZAW website is a rich source central to his or her welfare.” of information, featuring projects, multimedia, various resources such as academic articles, and an events page.

www.czaw.org WAZA 2/17 9

King Penguin. © Calgary zoo

Detroit Welfare Symposium Overview

WAZA and the Detroit Zoological tions, and welfare aspects of popula- “Zoos and aquariums have a pro- Society’s Center for Zoo Animal tion management. The goal of the found responsibility to ensure that Welfare and Ethics (CZAW) brought symposium was to create a strong all the animals in their care are thriv- together 140 of the world’s leaders international foundation based on ing, not just surviving,” Kagan said. in the fields of animal welfare and values and principles that advance “How animals in captive settings conservation in May 2017 for the zoo and aquarium animal welfare experience life is determined by the 4th International Animal Welfare science and policy. humans and organizations that care Congress. The symposium assem- for them, and all of this must be bled animal welfare scientists, zoo Presentations included a keynote done through a lens of compassion professionals, animal advocates address by Ron Kagan, Executive and science.” and other professionals from a wide Director of the Detroit Zoologi- range of disciplines, all dedicated to cal Society, on ‘The Future of Zoos The talks and panel discussions from the welfare and care of wild animals and Aquariums’, discussions on the the symposium can be viewed on the housed in human care. ethics of exotic animals in captivity CZAW website at the link below. and a moderated panel session on Centered upon the theme: ‘Zoos the applied ethical challenges facing and Aquariums as Welfare Centres: zoos and aquariums. Ethical Dimensions and Global Com- mitment,’ the conference focused on specific topics that examined czaw.org/international-animal-welfare-congress-2017 animal welfare‑based accreditation, the use of animals in visitor attrac- 10 WAZA 2/17 Book Feature Gavrielle Kirk-Cohen – WAZA Zoo Ethics: Interview with Author – WAZA President Jenny Gray The Challenges of Compassionate What inspired you to write Zoo Ethics? I also discuss the application of virtue Conservation Zoo Ethics started as my PhD thesis. ethics, where sometimes even the Jenny Gray I did a Masters in Ethics at the Univer- best answer is a bad answer. When CSIRO Publishing, 2017 | 256 pp sity of Witwatersrand in South Africa, animals are critically endangered ISBN 13: 978-1501714429 whilst I was running Johannesburg and on the brink of extinction, letting Zoo. When I started working at the zoo, them go extinct is terrible, but some- I felt I should spend time and attention times they don’t fare well in captivity focusing on animals and ethics. I loved and that also seems bad, but some- it so much that when I moved to times there’s just no easy answer. So, Australia I commenced my PhD at the you do what you can and answer the University of Melbourne, completing it question of what you think the right in 2015. My thesis, and this book, is an thing would be. ethical exploration of the ethical de- fence of modern zoos and aquariums. There is often a lot of criticism around With the increased scrutiny of the zoos and aquariums, or ‘moral ethical aspects of zoos and aquariums, disquiet’ as you call it. Why is this many people expressed an interest in important? reading my thesis, so I decided to ap- I think we should try understand proach some publishers. what that disquiet with zoos and aquariums is and where it comes What constitutes an ethical zoo? from. Once we understand the I hoped there would be this really disquiet, we can address the issues simple answer, but what I learned is and be empowered to engage with that there are all kinds of things we ethical arguments. I don’t think the have to think about in considering disquiet is overwhelming, but if we ethical decisions. I would suggest ignore the criticism and disquiet, and that ethical operations and deci- some zoos continue to do unethical sions, start with how well you look practices, there is a risk for all zoos after the animals. That is extremely and aquariums. important. A core principle that is Only when we listen to our critics and widely accepted as a good grounding understand their concerns, can we Zoo Ethics examines the workings of for considering animal ethics is the say whether their criticism is justified modern zoos and aquariums, consid- principle of not causing unnecessary or not. And if it’s justified, we should ering the core ethical challenges that pain and suffering to animals. While change our practices and if it’s not face those who choose to hold and a simple statement, one must con- justified we should then be able to display animals in zoos, aquariums sider each word that comprises the say why it’s not justified. or sanctuaries. Using recognised principle – what action is necessary? ethical frameworks and case studies What suffering is morally relevant? What do you mean by compassionate of ‘wicked problems’, this book ex- Pain is obvious in what it looks like, conservation and what are the main plores the value of animal life and the but suffering is more nuanced, and challenges? impacts of modern zoos and aquari- that takes a bit of thinking. Compassionate conservation is very ums, including the costs to animals The second consideration with re- much an emerging field. There is in terms of welfare and the loss of spect to ethical operations is to make a great book called Ignoring Nature liberty. Zoo Ethics also considers the sure you have a strong justification No More, it’s a series of essays that positive welfare and health outcomes for what you’re doing. Most zoos have been edited by Mark Bekoff. of many animals held in zoos, the and aquariums these days have an What they’re asking in compassion- increased attention and protection absolute commitment to conserva- ate conservation, is that the interests for their species in the wild, and the tion and preserving animals in the of the individual animals are con- enjoyment and education of the peo- wild. While we justify actions based sidered alongside the interests of ple who visit zoos. on the greater good of conservation, species. It is an important principle we should always strive to increase to remove the simple dichotomy that benefits and reduce harm. actions are either good for the envi- Do you do enough education? Do you ronment, or good for the individual do enough conservation and enough animal, and think in terms of what’s research? Are your actions humane? good for the individual and what’s Are you always ensuring you don’t good for the environment. create unnecessary pain and suffering? And then, are you effective? It is important to keep measuring what you are doing. WAZA 2/17 11

An example – actions that are bad The book has been commissioned for What would you like people to take for the environment and bad for the a second print run just two months away from your book? individual should be avoided and since launching, have you had a posi- I would love for people to read the actions that are good for both, well tive response from readers? book and engage with the theories that’s easy. Challenging cases are Yes, so far. My staff have been great. and examples that are discussed. where the interests of individuals Some of them who have read it have I would love my colleagues within the and interests of the environment asked if we can have a tea and coffee zoo and aquarium community global- are in conflict. An example would be session because they have ques- ly, to think seriously about the ethical feral cats, people talk about doing tions. And I’m really delighted about frameworks and for them to become a large‑scale culling of cats, which that, because my aim is to get people a bit more interested in ethics so that would be bad for the individuals but thinking about ethics. they can develop their confidence in it would be good for the environment. A school child, around 11 or 12 years debating the important work under- Or you don’t kill all the cats, which is old, met me and told me he was taken by zoos and aquariums. good for the individuals, it’s bad for reading my book. When I asked how We need to move it away from the environment. So, that is one of it was going, he replied: “Chapter a one‑sided discussion of ‘zoos are those wicked problems where com- one is ok so far.” appalling,’ to a much more nuanced passionate conservation says: “let’s Here in Australia, ethics is part of the discussion. The ‘moral disquiet’ is try find another solution.” So instead, school curriculum, so the publishers simply not that sophisticated, but the perhaps you keep your cats indoors have put out teachers’ notes for the reason it looks like they’re getting all the time, which is not necessarily book. When you’re trying to engage traction is because we are even less the first prize for the cat, but certainly children with ethics, zoo ethics is sophisticated in our response to the better than being dead, and better something which is accessible to criticism. We need to start building for the environment. It’s about trying them and something they like to our own arguments, because we are to find these answers that are good think about. Engaging with modern truly doing some wonderful work. for both, instead of trying to make it aspects of ethics inspired the section into a war between those who want called: ‘Wicked Problems.’ These are to save a species and those who want examples that most people are aware to protect individual animals. of and have strong opinions about; I have included them to bring the debate to life. 12 WAZA 2/17 Announcements WAZA to Honour Parque das Alves Founder with Annual Hediger Award

A dedicated German veterinarian who helped create the largest bird park in Latin America, and who worked tire- lessly to protect endangered species, will be honoured at the 72nd WAZA Annual Conference in Berlin.

Dr. Anna Croukamp, who founded the Parque das Aves with her late husband, Dennis Croukamp, in Brazil in 1993, will receive WAZA’s Heini Hediger Award, given annually to leaders within the global zoo and aquarium community.

Dr. Croukamp and her husband were living in Namibia when they con- ceived the notion to create a bird park on 16.5 hectares of subtropical forest adjacent to the Iguassu National Park in southern Brazil. Eleven months after the Croukamps entered the country, Parque das Aves was opened, and has since grown to house over 200 species. Anna Croukamp and a flamingo.

In 1997, Dr. Croukamp created the Blue‑fronted Amazon parrot con- Dr. Croukamp was awarded Brazil’s Previous winners of WAZA’s Heini servation project, and Parque das highest civilian honour, the Medal of Hediger Award include Rick Barongi Aves contributes to several Brazilian Legislative Merit (Medalha de Mérito (Houston Zoo), Sally Walker (IUCN), government National Action Plans Legislativo) by the Brazilian Congress, Lena M. Lindén (Nordens Ark), and for endangered species, including the and was awarded the key to the city Gordon McGregor Reid (Chester Lear’s macaw and the yellow cardinal. of Foz do Iguaçu in 2015. Zoo), among others.

“WAZA is proud to recognise the Heini Hediger (1908–1992), a Swiss courage and commitment of Dr. Anna biologist noted for his work in animal Croukamp,” said Doug Cress, Chief behavior, is known as ‘the father of Executive Officer of WAZA. “She zoo biology’. WAZA has honoured his and her husband risked everything legacy through the award that bears to create Parque das Aves, but the his name since 1996. rare mix of conservation, education and sustainability they established is a model for others to emulate.” …She and her husband risked everything to create Parque das Aves, but the rare mix of conservation, education and sustainability they established is a model for others to emulate… WAZA 2/17 13

Monterey Bay Aquarium to be honoured with WAZA Conservation Award

WAZA will honour the Monterey Monterey Bay Aquarium was estab- Dr. Niekisch, said: “We have chosen Bay Aquarium’s commitment to lished in 1984 on the site of a former Monterey Bay Aquarium to receive ocean protection and public aware- sardine processing plant along Can- the WAZA Conservation Award ness with the WAZA Conservation nery Row, and receives around two as they rely on scientific research Award at the 72nd WAZA Annual million visitors each year. Monterey to ensure safe collection and han- Conference in Berlin. Bay Aquarium displays more than dling of exhibit animals; to provide 600 species of aquatic life, and clean, high‑quality sea water to their The Monterey Bay Aquarium’s Con- benefits from a high circulation of exhibits and to accurately assess servation and Science programmes fresh ocean water, which is obtained the sustainability of fisheries. Whilst, tackle some of the most critical issues through pipes which pump it in con- their Ocean Conservation Policy Pro- affecting ocean health, including pol- tinuously from Monterey Bay. gramme aims to inspire and inform lution, plastic and illegal fishing. The government decision makers to take aquarium brings decades of expertise The WAZA Conservation Award recog- science‑based action on behalf of and relationships in ocean science, nizes outstanding conservation efforts, ocean health. policy and markets to the task, and it long ‑term programmatic support is a trusted source of ocean informa- commitments, and leadership within “And finally, they ran a very success- tion to make a difference globally – the global zoo and aquarium com- ful and effective campaign in 2016, among policymakers, the business munity. Winners are decided by the encouraging the protection of marine community and with individuals. WAZA Conservation and Sustainabili- species.” ty Committee, chaired by Dr. Manfred Monterey Bay Aquarium’s Seafood Niekisch of the Frankfurt Zoo. Watch® programme is widely re- garded as the leader in monitoring sustainably sourced fish, and helps consumers and businesses choose seafood that’s caught or farmed in ways that support a healthy ocean. 14 WAZA 2/17 Recent Updates Georgina Allen Wild Welfare Update

In The Field

The past few months have been In June, Wild Welfare attended the In July, Wild Welfare was in Japan typically busy for Wild Welfare as 25th annual congress of the Latin to provide two workshops for the we carried out a host of animal American Zoo and Aquarium Associa- Japanese Association of Zoos and welfare training workshops, welfare tion (ALPZA), in Havana, Cuba. The Aquariums (JAZA) members at Osaka assessments and capacity build- congress was hosted by the National (Tennoji Zoo) and Tokyo (Ueno Zoo) ing meetings. We were delighted Zoo of Cuba and was attended by to develop their skills, expertise and to have the opportunity to work nearly 200 delegates from 22 coun- actions in animal welfare‑based as- with a number of regional zoo and tries. During the conference, Wild sessment management. The number aquarium associations as well as Welfare presented the results of of zoos continues to grow in the national and international animal a joint ALPZA / Wild Welfare project country and there is currently limited welfare organisations, all focused on the status of animal welfare in legislation in place to ensure captive on improving captive wild animal Latin American zoos. The congress wild animals are properly cared for. welfare. We’ve also been working also saw ALPZA launch their Stand- This means it is vital that existing and hard behind the scenes, creat- ard of Accreditation and Procedure, new collections set a precedent and ing some easy‑to‑use ‘Care for Us’ which places significant emphasis only offer their animals the high- booklets to help engage zoo staff on animal welfare. This was Wild est standards of care and welfare. on animal care and welfare. Welfare’s first collaboration with Approximately 50 JAZA members ALPZA, the commitment the organi- attended the two two‑day workshops, zation demonstrated to the pursuit with delegates attending more than of high standards of animal welfare 14 hours of training on best practice was encouraging. While in Cuba, Wild animal care. Etsuo Naurshima, Execu- Welfare also teamed up with staff tive director of JAZA, said: “This was from the USA’s San Diego Zoo, Yvette a unprecedented type of workshop Kemp and Julian Castellanos and for JAZA, with over a third of our Guillermo Delfino, from Argentina’s members attending the two work- Biopark Temaikèn to provide training. shops. It was a good opportunity for It was a fantastic opportunity to liaise managers and directors to realise the with knowledgeable and committed importance of welfare self‑assess- individuals from other facilities and ment in their zoos and aquariums. associations. We hope this leads to an accredita- A screenshot of Wild Welfare’s species-specific guides on captive care. tion system for JAZA in the future.”

While in Japan, Wild Welfare also provided training workshops to local NGOs, veterinary students and government officials. Wild Welfare has worked closely with the Japan Animal Welfare Society (JAWS) in particular, and provided a full day workshop with the Japan Animal Welfare Coali- tion, a group of NGOs who focus on improving animal welfare through revised legislation, education and raising awareness.

www.wildwelfare.org WAZA 2/17 15

Dam Sen and VZA training workshop.

Later in July, Wild Welfare presented Also in August, Wild Welfare visited ing and improving animal welfare a day‑long course on wild animal Save Vietnam’s Wildlife rescue facility across multiple institutions, habitats welfare to a group of Nature Conser- to carry out a welfare assessment as and species. Wild Welfare’s updated vation Masters Diploma students at part of its on‑going due diligence. The animal welfare assessment is sepa- the University of South Africa (UNISA) welfare assessment covers all aspect rated into two processes: 1.) The in Johannesburg. Also in attendance, of animal care and management and Collection Assessment identifies the as guest lecturers on the course, were helps inform facilities on possible animal welfare landscape of a facil- representatives of the Wildlife Unit of gaps while making recommenda- ity, and identifies gaps in animal care the National Council for the Socie- tions on how to improve. Each year and management that can lead to ties for the Prevention of Cruelty to this organisation rescues hundreds of a depression in animal welfare and Animals (NSPCA) of South Africa. pangolins from the cruel and illegal 2.) the Enclosure Assessment allows wildlife trade. The dedicated team for more regular monitoring and aims In August, Wild Welfare facilitated work night and day to help pangolins to identify development and capacity a workshop in conjunction with the that often arrive traumatised, severe- in animal welfare knowledge by staff. Vietnam Zoo Association (VZA) at the ly dehydrated and injured, providing Wild Welfare is using these assess- Dam Sen Zoo. More than 30 people them with the unique care that gives ments to support individual facility from the 18 different VZA members them a fighting chance of recovery. improvements and zoo association were in attendance. Two VZA mem- developments. bers presented their work on animal welfare: Phu Phan, an elephant keeper Behind The Scenes Finally, Wild Welfare is developing from the Elephant Conservation Cen- a range of species‑specific guides tre (ECC) presented on his enrichment Wild Welfare has been working with on captive care. Understanding programme and how it has improved World Animal Protection (WAP) to an animal’s physiology, social and the welfare of their elephants, and Mr research what current animal visitor behavioural needs are essential for Cuong from Hanoi Zoo presented on interactions are available within the appropriate care, but very basic hus- the enrichment programme at his zoo, accredited zoo and aquarium com- bandry knowledge is often lacking. which has been supported by Wild munity to support future policy and This results in generic enclosures and Welfare for several years. Mr Tanh, guidance on these forms of interac- management styles that can result Director of Dam Sen Zoo, said: Thanks tions. This research has spanned the in poor animal welfare. The Wild Wild Welfare for bringing new knowl- past 18 months and should result in Welfare guides will provide the incen- edge and expertise to Vietnam and a research paper which will be avail- tive needed for keepers to learn more our zoo. It’s the first time we realised able by the end of 2017. about the animals they look after how important animal cognitive and and the practices required to provide behavioural needs are and it has been It is a challenge to define animal a high standard of care. All guides can really valuable to help us understand welfare and in particular how to be found on the Wild Welfare website future animal keeping at our zoo. measure it, which can create dif- at www.wildwelfare.org. ficulties in systematically measur- 16 WAZA 2/17 New Wildlife Conservation Exhibit Roars to Life at Taronga News Zoo’s New Tiger Trek SCHEMATIC DESIGN Issue for costing

Taronga Zoo confirmed its 10‑year commitment to a regional conservation programme with the open- ing of Tiger Trek, which features four critically endangered Sumatran tigers – of which up to 400 remain in the wild – and an emphasis on conservation education.

Tiger Trek, takes guests on a journey to Sumatra, home to one of the world’s most vulnerable rainforests. Tiger Trek begins in an aircraft that transports guests to a village in the Way Kambas National Park. Beyond the village, guests have the opportunity to walk through a corner of the National Park to see Taronga’s Su- matran tigers. The journey then ends much closer to home in a suburban supermarket, where guests can © Taronga Zoo gain a better understanding of how Tiger Trek planting plan. responsible choices as consumers can help to protect Sumatran tigers in the wild.

Work on the enclosure started in Kerr continued: “Other elements of March 2016 and was completed by the Taronga Zoo’s commitment in- August 2017. The entire enclosure is clude consumer education in protec- divided into three exhibits spanning tion of existing natural habitats, and more than 1700 m2. combating illegal wildlife trade. The Raise your Palm campaign encour- “While the Tiger Trek is a fantastic ages Australian shoppers to buy prod- opportunity for Australians to learn ucts made with Certified Sustainable about the devastating impact of Palm Oil, while the Wildlife Witness poaching and habitat destruction, it app empowers tourists to anony- will also be central to our regional mously report suspected poaching or breeding programme,” said Taronga illegal trade in wildlife.” Zoo Director Cameron Kerr. “We envisage having up to eight Suma- tran tigers living here to provide an insurance population, and to support the genetic diversity of wild Suma- tran tigers.” © Taronga Zoo Sumatran Tiger.

taronga.org.au/taronga-zoo WAZA 2/17 17

Gavrielle Kirk-Cohen – WAZA WAZA Nature Connect Grants

WAZA’s Nature Connect Grants The Czech Republic’s Zoo Liberec initiative will begin its second round is using the WAZA Nature Connect of funding opportunities in No- Grant to support communities in 10,000 15,000 vember 2017. Grants of CHF 5,000, the Banyak archipelago, off the 5,000

CHF 10,000 and CHF 15,000 are avail- west coast of Sumatra, in restoring able to fund projects that will encour- the local coral reef that has been CHF CHF CHF age a lifelong commitment to nature decimated by poor fishing practices conservation by inspiring children and harvesting of coral as building and their families to connect with material. They will teach and sup- nature and take action to support its port children in four local schools to conservation. These grants have been propagate and grow corals. These will made possible by the Disney Conser- then be replanted on the reef and be vation Fund, and the expertise of the cared for by the participating families. International Zoo Educators (IZE) Association. These are just two examples – the possibilities are endless. WAZA is The second round of funding will keen to see our global community cover projects undertaken between create innovative ways to enhance February to September 2018. The the connection that kids and their deadline for applications is 31 Decem- families have with the natural world. ber 2017. A third round for projects conducted August 2018 – April 2019 Only WAZA members are eligible to will open in May/June 2018. apply for this grant. Projects must be undertaken outside the USA – for Previous grant recipients include AZA members with USA based pro- organisations across all continents, jects see: www.aza.org/nature‑play with the South African Association for Note: applicants that are both AZA More Information Marine Biological Research, Cango and WAZA members are not eligible Wildlife Ranch, South Africa; Uganda to apply to both grants for the same For more information about the Wildlife Education Centre, Uganda; project. grants, as well as resources and Ocean Park, Hong Kong; Zoos Victo- application guidance notes please ria, Australia; Paris Zoo, France, and visit the Nature Connect webpage: Wroclaw Zoo, Poland; Zoo Liberec, Czech Republic; ZSL London Zoo, UK; waza.site-ym.com/?page=NatureConnect Cali Zoo, Columbia; Africam Safari, Mexico, having all won grants in the first round of funding. Two examples Child playing in nature. of the projects currently underway are given below:

The Cango Wildlife Ranch is using the WAZA Nature Connect Grant funding to reach families in the rural areas around Oudtshoorn, in South Africa. Their programme focuses on the local schools and includes sessions on the local fauna and flora, environmental awareness and recycling. Families will work together to restore the natural environment by conducting river, road and beach clean‑ups using money raised from recycling to support their schools. Even though Oudtshoorn is only 60 km from the cost, the beach clean‑ups will provide many of the participants the opportunity to see the ocean for the first time. WAZA 2/17 19

WAZA Executive Office Update on International Studbooks Changes between April 2016 and May 2017

Number of active ISBs: As at 31 May 2017 there are 130 active international studbooks (ISBs), including 142 species/subspecies (plus Partulids).

ISBs archived Transfer of ISBs None. to new institutions One: New ISBs approved None. • Clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) from Santa Fe College Teaching Transfer of ISBs Zoo, USA to Smithsonian’s National to new keepers Zoological Park, USA Five (four within same institution, one to a different institution): Pending issues As of 23 June 2017: • Blue‑throated macaw (Ara glaucogularis) to Márcia • ISB for Edwards’ pheasant Weinzettl, (Loro Parque, Spain) * (Lophura edwardsi) is vacant • Northern Bamboo lemur (Hapal- • ISB for Vietnamese pheasant emur occidentalis) to Alexis Leçu, (Lophura hatinhensis) is vacant (Parc Zoologique de Paris, France) • ISB for maroon‑fronted parrot • Crowned sifaka (Propithecus (Rhynchopsitta terrisi) is vacant coronatus) to Alexis Leçu, • ISB for red bird of paradise Child connecting with nature. (Parc Zoologique de Paris, France) (Paradisaea rubra) is vacant • Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) • ISB for Matschie’s tree kangaroo to Miguel Casares, (Zoologischer (Dendrolagus matschiei) is vacant Garten Frankfurt, Germany) • ISB for horned guan (Oreophasis • Clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) derbianus) is vacant to Jilian Fazio, (Smithsonian’s National Zoological Park, USA) * The continuation of this ISB is dependent on the new ISB keeper publishing an international studbook in the next year. Partula snails and offspring. © Jon-Paul Orsi/RZSS

Children exploring nature. 20 WAZA 2/17

WAZA Executive Office Contacts

• Chief Executive Officer: Doug Cress WAZA Membership [email protected] as of 1st October 2017

• Executive Assistant: Associations...... 23 Cliff Hannan Institutions...... 278 [email protected] Affiliates...... 16 Corporates...... 16 • Animal Welfare Coordinator: Life and Honorary members...... 116 Sabrina Brando [email protected]

• Communications Coordinator Membership Applications Gavrielle Kirk-Cohen [email protected] WAZA is accepting membership [email protected] applications in four categories: • Associations • Conservation Coordinator • Institutions Martín Zordan • Affiliates [email protected] • Corporates [email protected] Those wishing to apply can find more information regarding • WAZA Nature Connect Grants the applications process by send- Dr Stephanie Sanderson ing their contact details to [email protected] [email protected].

Future WAZA Conference Venues • 2017: Berlin, Germany • 15–19 Oct 2017

• 2018: Bangkok, Thailand • 21–25 Oct 2018

• 2019: Buenos Aires, Argentina • 3–7 Nov 2019

• 2020: San Diego, USA • Dates TBA

WAZA Executive Office IUCN Conservation Centre Rue Mauverney 28 CH-1196 Gland Switzerland www.waza.org

ISSN: 1662-7733