Government of Ministry of Irrigation Department of Irrigation Irrigation and Water Resources Management Project (IWRMP)

Irrigation Infrastructures Development & Improvement (AF), Component-A (Word Bank Project ID: P144474)

SUBPROJECT COMPLETION REPORT MathilloBahunichaur ISP

CMS Engineering Consult Pvt. Ltd. Full Bright Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. JV

January 2018 / Paush 2074

IWRMP (AF), Component A Mathillo Bahunichaur PCR

Salient Features of Subproject

1. Name of Subproject Mathillo Bahunichaur ISP, Surkhet.

2. Classification Major Rehab

3. Location Munacipality Wd no 4

4. Social Information

i Total HH 115

ii Total Population 668

iii Male 300

iv Female 368

v Dalit 60

vi Janajati 194

vii WUA Composition

5. Total Executive Committee Members 11

Male 6

Female 5

Janajati 3

Dalit 1

Engineering Information

6. Name of Source Toli Khola

7. Type of source Perennial

8. Catchment Area sq km 30.825

9. Catchment condition Forest and agriculture

10. Maximum Flood discharge M3/S 221.04

11. Measured discharge lps, Date 564 (30 Dec 2014)

12. GCA (ha) 50

13. Total CCA (ha) 44

14. Canal Design Discharge (lps) at H/W 105

15. Duty (lps/ha) 2.38

16. Diversion structure Core wall with protection

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17. Canal type Lined and Earthen

18. Canal Length (m) 2700

19. Main Canal 1

20. Canal Passing through Agricultural Land

21. Total cost 1,80,80,000.00

22. Cost of Civil work (NRs) 1,27,22,828.43

23. WUA Contribution (NRs) 13,61,700.71

24. Other contingencies general items(NRs): 3,995,601.84

25. WUA Contribution 10.70%

26. Cost per Ha 410,909.09

27. EIRR (%) 17.41%

28. B/C Ration at 10% discount Rate 1.60

29. Canal Structures

a) Intake 1

b) Desilting Basin 1

c) Lined canal (m) 1,965

d) Retaining wall (m) 64

e) Aqueduct 1 (existing)

f) Super passage 1

g) Escape 1

30 Agricultural Information

a) Existing cropping intensity (%) 184

b) Proposed cropping intensity (%) 266

a. Crop yield (ton/ha) Before sub-project / forecast in DFSR

i Paddy 3.5 / 4.06

ii Wheat 2.85 / 3.01

iii Maize 2.65 / 3.25

iv Oil Seed 0.68 / 0.88

v Potatoes 15.3 / 19.14

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Executive Summary

Mathillo BahuniChaur Irrigation Sub-Project is located at Bheriganga Municipality Wd no 4 in Surkhet of Mid-Western Development Region with command area of 44 ha. This is a rehabilitation irrigation project. Irrigation system has been developed from Toli Khola; a perennial, only source of irrigation in the area. This river discharge measured on 30 December 2014 was of 564 lps and the maximum crop water requirement is 105 l/s which is less than minimum available discharge in the diversion point at that time.

The project area is connected by all-weather black topped Road the distance along Ratna Highway from being 48 km and from Surkhet 28 km.

The command area lies on the left bank of Toli Khola (Source River) and canal alignment also start from Left bank and cross a small gully some 150 m D/S to meet starting point of command area. The canal crosses Ratna highway some 300 m D/S and irrigates continuously the entire command area round the year. This project serves some 115 HH of 668 beneficiaries covering a total command area of 44 ha.

The system comprises of 2,700 m Long canal out of which 1,965 m is lined, one aqueduct, one orifice intake with core wall across the source river, total 64 m long retaining wall at different chainages, one super-passage, one escape, one sand gravel trap and 28 No 150 mm dia. pipe outlets.

The estimated cost of the project is NRs. 18,080,000 including physical contingencies, price escalation and VAT. Per ha cost of this irrigation system as estimated is NRs 411,000.

The cost sharing arrangement with beneficiaries includes WUA contribution part of NRs 1,361,700 and GoN part of NRs. 16,718,300.

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Contents

1 BACKGROUND ...... 1 2 INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTS AND IMPROVEMENT ...... 2 2.1 Infrastructure Development ...... 2 2.1.1 Process & Procedure Followed ...... 2 2.1.2 Intake Structure ...... 2 2.1.3 Details of Canals & Structure ...... 2 2.1.4 Detail Cost of Subproject Development ...... 2 2.1.5 Cost Sharing by WUA in Project Development ...... 2 2.1.6 Training to WUA Members during Development Phase ...... 2 2.2 Water Management and Distribution Methods ...... 3 2.2.1 Water Distribution ...... 3 2.2.2 Water Application ...... 3 3 INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF WUA ...... 4 3.1 Formation and Registration of WUA ...... 4 3.2 WUA Organizational Structure ...... 4 3.3 Tiers of WUA Organization ...... 4 3.4 WUA Members with Land Holding in Project Area ...... 4 3.5 Meetings ...... 4 3.6 Office Establishment ...... 4 3.7 Rules & Regulations ...... 4 3.8 Conflict Resolution Process ...... 4 3.9 Resource/Fund Mobilization ...... 5 3.10 WUA contribution ...... 5 3.11 Training Provided to WUA and Further Requirements ...... 5 3.12 Operation, Maintenance and Management ...... 6 3.13 Arrangements of Water Watch Man (Dholpa,Pale,Heruwa, Sardaruwa, Mahato) ...... 6 4 AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES ...... 7 4.1 Agricultural Activities in the SPs ...... 7 4.2 Crops Cultivated in the Command Area and Cropping Intensity ...... 7 4.3 Impact of Agricultural Activities in Agriculture Development...... 7 4.4 Crop Yields of Major Crops ...... 7 4.5 Improved Varieties of Crops Adopted ...... 8 4.6 Linkage Established with Service providers ...... 8 4.7 Successful Activities ...... 8 4.7.1 Investment Support Grant ...... 9 4.7.2 Small Machine Tools Distribution ...... 9 4.7.3 Financial Benefits ...... 9 4.7.4 Seed Multiplication ...... 9 4.7.5 Farmers’ Field School ...... 9 4.7.6 Agricultural Development Activities ...... 9 5 SOCIAL & ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS ...... 11 5.1 Participation of Beneficiaries in SEMP Preparation ...... 11 5.2 Identified Issues and Agreed Mitigation Measures ...... 11 5.3 Involvement of Women in Mitigation Activities ...... 11 5.4 Compliance Status of SEMP ...... 12 5.5 Others Social and Environmental Impacts ...... 12

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5.6 Environmental Awareness ...... 12 5.7 Uplift Program for Socially Disadvantaged People ...... 12 6 SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ...... 13 6.1 Infrastructure Development ...... 13 6.2 Institutional Development ...... 13 6.3 Agricultural Development ...... 13 6.4 Socio-Environmental Safeguards ...... 13

List of Tables

Table 1 Training Programme ...... 5 Table 2 Crop Productivity ...... 7 Table 3 Adopted Improved Crop Varieties ...... 8 Table 4 ICWMP Implementation ...... 9 Table 5 SEMP Preparation Participants ...... 11 Table 6 SEMP Issues and Mitigation Measures ...... 11

List of Annexes

A Layout of Command Area B Photographs C ISF Collection Plan D Construction Progress S-curve

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Abbreviations

AMIS Agency- Managed Irrigation System AO Association Organizer (Social Worker) CBO Community Based Organization DADO District Agriculture Development Office DDC District Development Committee DDG Deputy Director General DG Director General DHM Department of Hydrology and Meteorology DIO District Irrigation Office DoA Department of Agriculture DoI Department of Irrigation DTL Deputy Team Leader DTT District Technical Team DTW Deep Tube Well DWRC District Water Resources Committee EIA Environmental Impact Assessment FMIS Farmers Managed Irrigation System FY Fiscal Year GIS Geographical Information System GMIS Geographical Management Information System GoN GW Groundwater GWID Groundwater Irrigation Directorate GWIDD Groundwater Irrigation Development Division ha hectare ICWMP Integrated Crop and Water Management Program IDA International Development Association IDD Irrigation Development Division IDSD Irrigation Development Sub Division IEE Initial Environmental Examination ISE Initial Social Examination ISEA Integrated Social and Environment Assessment ISF Irrigation Service Fee IWRMP Irrigation and Water Resources Management Project M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MIS Management Information System MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoF Ministry of Finance MoI Ministry of Irrigation MTR Mid Term Review MWDR Mid Western Development Region NGO Nongovernmental Organization NISP Nepal Irrigation Sector Project NPC National Planning Commission O&M Operation and Maintenance

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OPD Office of the Project Director PAD Project Appraisal Document PBME Project Beneficiary Monitoring & Evaluation PC Project Coordinator PD Project Director PICC Project Implementation and Coordination Committee PIM Project Implementation Manual PIU Project Implementation Unit PMU Project Management Unit PSC Project Steering Committee RAC Regional Appraisal Committee RAD Regional Agriculture Directorate RD Regional Director RfP Request for Proposal RID Regional Irrigation Directorate RPSU Regional Project Support Unit SAC Subproject Appraisal Committee SBD Standard Bidding Document SDE Senior Divisional Engineer SEA Social and Environment Assessment SEMP Social and Environmental Management Plan SMU Subproject Management Unit TA Technical Assistance ToR Terms of Reference WB World Bank WUA Water Users Association WUG Water Users Group

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1 BACKGROUND

The settlement of Chhinchu in very old and has long history. Peoples arrived here and found it suitable to cultivate rice along both the banks of Tolikhola. They developed irrigation system to irrigate their field along with the start of rice cultivation. There is many farmers' managed irrigation system in operation till now. This area is a small valley now witnessing urbanization with increase in migration from other parts of hill districts and settlements. This has boosted demand of cash crops like green vegetables and potatoes. This led the request to rehabilitate this existing canal system to convey scarce irrigation water in lean period to their field with minimal loss.

The settlement and population increased with the development of Ratna high way and Chhinchu Jajarkot Road. Now it is a junction of road and rapidly developing urban centre with health and education facilities. Now it is a Bheriganga municipality centre with ever increasing social and economic activities.

The project now lies in the Ward No 4 of Bheriganga Municipality of Surkhet district of Mid-Western Development Region. Soon after the completion of the project, water users readily accepted the responsibility of operation and maintenance (O&M). This project also aims to develop capability of water users in distributing irrigation water efficiently, solving conflicts regarding water use among the users and mobilize necessary resources.

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2 INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTS AND IMPROVEMENT

2.1 Infrastructure Development

2.1.1 Process & Procedure Followed

The project area was visited from head to tail with necessary interaction with the farmers of head, middle and tail reaches. All problems and constraints of the project area were noted.

The problems and constraints noted during the inventory were prioritized on the basis of dialogue with the beneficiaries. All the required agroeconomic and socio-technical data were collected during field visit. Different procedures were used to collect various types of data. Socio economic data were gathered from Municipality sources and group discussions among the farmers. Topographical maps were used for the assessment of catchment area of the source, types of land and vegetation in the catchment area and maximum level difference of ground in the catchment area. The project development plan was prepared on the basis of demands made by the farmers' and specific requirements of site. Some data of agriculture inputs and outputs were obtained from District Agriculture Development Office (DADO), Agriculture Service Center (ASC). On the basis of field data, further designs and extrapolations were carried out using the Planning and Design Strengthening Project (PDSP) manuals and other textbooks on designs.

2.1.2 Intake Structure

The Intake of Mathillo Bahunichaur ISP is simple orifice bank intake with core wall across the river. The bank intake with core wall and protection work is designed for 105 lps.

2.1.3 Details of Canals & Structure

The main canal is 2.7 km long. The main canal discharge is taken as 105 lps. Longitudinal slope of the canal varies from 1 in 300 to 1 in 500. Similarly side slopes for cutting 1: 1 for lined section; 1:0.5(V: H.) for unlined portion. Coefficient of roughness (n) value taken in line canal is 0.020 and unlined canal is 0.025.

RCC lined canal after escape is constructed along the old canal alignment. Nominal reinforcements are provided as main and distribution bar. The canal system comprise of one aqueduct supported by Masonry abutments across gully; One super passage with R.C.C. lining; 28 outlets & one sand and gravel trap with escape.

2.1.4 Detail Cost of Subproject Development

The estimated cost in FY 071/72 was NPR 18,080,000 including physical, price escalation contingencies and VAT.

2.1.5 Cost Sharing by WUA in Project Development

The main component of project implementation under Irrigation and Water Resource management Project is User’s meaningful Participation with adequate contribution to upgrade and develop an irrigation system demanded by them. The objective of IWRMP to involve users in project development is to make aware with process, procedure, structures and their roles and responsibility in the developed system. It also aims at improving the farmer beneficiaries’ capacity to operate &maintain (O&M) the system in the future. To achieve this goal, farmers are involved in the subproject activities from the very beginning. In this way, the enthusiasm of users in the sub-project can be gauged by their voluntary contribution amounting NPR. 1,361,700.

2.1.6 Training to WUA Members during Development Phase

After completion of the construction work WUA are operating and maintaining the system. The MWIDD-3 Surkhethas provided necessary training to strengthen the system and smoothly run the operation and

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maintenance work for the sustenance of developed system with established institution. The trainings given to WUA by MWIDD-3 are given as follows.

 Construction supervision

 Water management and irrigated agriculture

 Resource mobilization

 O&M of the system

 Institutional Strengthening/Capability Building

 Benefit monitoring

2.2 Water Management and Distribution Methods

2.2.1 Water Distribution

There are 28 no of Pipe outlets (a hole across the canal bank usually right) along the bank of the main canal. Usually, outlets are spaced in such a manner that they cover the entire command area with adequate capacity to let water in the field as per the wish of the farmer. As the source is a perennial, irrigation is done round the year with a little stress in lean periods.

Sometimes, in lean periods, “Water management committee” instructs to adopt rotational irrigation methods facilitating equitable sharing of water among all users. The users have a system of sale of surplus water to downstream users for certain time at the cost decided by user’s committee.

2.2.2 Water Application

Water application method adopted is wild flooding in all fields. This is a conventional practice adopted by farmers. The other methods applicable here can be, basin, pond, furrow or sprinkler irrigation but needs training and raise confidence among users to practice it.

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3 INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF WUA

3.1 Formation and Registration of WUA

There was no registered Water Users' Association until 2071 B.S. Only Construction Committees were formed as and when required. Such construction committees were active at construction periods and remained passive after the conclusion of construction work. The Water Users' Association of Mathillo Bahunichaur ISP was formed in 2071 and registered in Midwestern Irrigation Development Division No.3, Surkhet.

3.2 WUA Organizational Structure

There are all together 11 members in executive committee of Water Users' Association. There are five females in the executive committee. The WUA is an inclusive one with representation of one Dalit member and three Janajatis in the executive committee.

3.3 Tiers of WUA Organization

There is only one tier of WUA because the command area is 44 ha and most of the land is irrigated through main canal only.

3.4 WUA Members with Land Holding in Project Area

There is large a variation in the land holding among the households. The land holding type can be divided into 5 categories. They are, land holding < 0.25 ha; 0.25 ha to < 0.50 ha; 0.50 ha to < 0.75 ha; 0.75 ha to < 1.0 ha; and > 1.0 ha.

3.5 Meetings

It is mentioned in the constitution of Water Users' Association that the meetings are held on monthly basis. It is found that monthly meeting is not strictly followed, however they conduct meeting as and when required. There is a tendency of conducting more frequent meetings during the construction phase of the canal system. The main decisions on such meetings were on the farmers' participation in contribution and operation of the scheme. The executive committee members interacted and discussed in depth on the contribution part of the work. And the decision of the meeting is communicated among all the farmers.

3.6 Office Establishment

WUA does not have their own building but they perform their task from the chair person’s house located in the command area. We have advised them to establish an office at convenient location suited to all.

3.7 Rules & Regulations

The WUA with participation of general users has formulated rules and regulation regarding irrigation service fee collection, meetings, general assembly, women's participation, inclusiveness, peoples' participation in general etc.

3.8 Conflict Resolution Process

Almost all the farmers agreed that they have no any conflict among the farmers in this scheme. Sometimes, upstream farmers steal water and over irrigate rice field and tail end farmers have to suffer; this problem is solved among them without outside assistance. Hence, there is no major conflict in this scheme. Other conflicts if arise is solved as per the WUA rules/regulation and social norms.

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3.9 Resource/Fund Mobilization

Before construction, WUA collected and deposited 0.5% of project cost in cash on bank account of Rastriya Banijya Bank, Surkhet branch. They are yet to take their deposit after project completion. Nowadays the irrigation service fees are collected in the form of kind and distributed to Pale (water guards) of canal. They are now planning cash collection along with kind and deposit the cash in Shahakari nearby to earn more interest on deposited amount which help to meet the required O&M need. The other sources of fund are membership renewal fee, fines from the absentees during canal maintenance, donations, sale of canal products (sand, aggregate, pebbles carried by canal water during high discharge), grants etc.

3.10 WUA contribution

WUA has contributed around NRs. 1,361,700 during the construction period. As the government wants farmer to own and feel the irrigation system to be their own integral part of occupation, Water Users' Association be capable of operating, maintaining and affording the cost required for it. Regarding the Mathillo Bahunichaur Irrigation Scheme, Water Users' Association in their general assembly, has decided to collect NRs. 20 per ropani per year from all the farmers. There is 880 ropanis of land in this Irrigation Scheme. This shows that NRs. 17,600 in cash is being collected yearly for operation and maintenance purpose.

3.11 Training Provided to WUA and Further Requirements

Different trainings are given to the farmers by Midwestern Irrigation Development Division No.-3, Surkhet and District Agricultural Development Office, Surkhet. These trainings were conducted before, during and after the implementation of the rehabilitation work of the scheme. Midwestern Irrigation Development Division No.-3 Surkhet conducted training on following headings.

Table 1 Training Programme

Participants Ethnicity Training Topics Duration (Date) Institution Male Female Total Janajati Dalit 7 Days Tour 3 2 5 2 1 WUA (2073.03.07-13) 7 Days Tour 2 2 4 2 1 WUA (2073.02.21-27) 1 Day Pre-construction 0 33 33 7 13 WUA (2072.10.02) 1 Day Pre-construction 0 37 37 4 14 WUA (2072.10.22) 1 Day Pre-construction 9 33 42 6 12 WUA (2072.12.02) Project Orientation & 1 Day 18 21 39 14 3 WUA Construction Management (072.1.26) Capacity build up of of officials 2 Days 10 6 16 4 2 WUA and farmers of WUA (2072-03-16 to 17) Agriculture & Institutional 2 Days 15 10 25 4 11 WUA Development, ISF/O&M (2073/12/14-15) Agriculture & Institutional 2 Days 10 19 29 4 11 WUA Development, ISF/O&M (2073/12/19-20) Irrigation system, operation & 1 Day 5 15 20 3 5 WUA maintenance, ISF (1/17/2074)

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Participants Ethnicity Training Topics Duration (Date) Institution Male Female Total Janajati Dalit Construction, repair & 1 Day 2 1 3 0 1 WUA maintenance (2/20/2074) 7 Days Tour 1 1 2 1 1 WUA (‘73/12/26 to ‘74/01/01) 6 Days Tour 1 2 3 0 1 WUA (2074/02/28 to 03/02) 6 Days Tour 2 2 4 1 0 WUA (2074/03/18 to 23)

3.12 Operation, Maintenance and Management

Canal maintenance is necessary to deliver the required water and distribute it equitably. Regarding the canal maintenance in Mathillo Bahunichaur Irrigation Scheme, they have a custom of canal maintenance twice a year. Firstly, the maintenance work is carried out in the month of Jestha aiming paddy plantation. Secondly, it is done in the month of Paush/Magh to irrigate winter crops e.g. wheat. Maintenance work mainly includes clearance of silts; debris etc from canal bed. Sometimes; in case of huge floods, emergency maintenance and clearance of canal system is required and done through mobilizing user at free of cost. The system of labour contribution in maintenance work is called ‘Jhara’ and each household has to contribute one labour for canal maintenance. Generally, one day is enough for canal maintenance as the canal system is small and mostly lined.

3.13 Arrangements of Water Watch Man (Dholpa,Pale,Heruwa, Sardaruwa, Mahato)

Due to difficulty of maintaining and supervising canal especially during the rainy season Water Users' Association has arranged canal watch person (Dhalpa or Pale) mainly for the monsoon period. The wage for Dhalpa is managed from the collected irrigation service fee and cereals contribution by each household on crop wise basis as decided by user’s committee. Any change in prevailing rate of cash and cereals is approved by general assembly before being effective.

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4 AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES

4.1 Agricultural Activities in the SPs

IWRMP envisaged developing agriculture with rehabilitation of infrastructure of FMIS. Keeping in view, Irrigation and Water Resource Management project (IWRMP) has initiated agriculture development activity in the Sub-project in the name of Integrated Crop and Water Management Program (ICWMP). Coordinator's Office of IWRMP/DOA has formulated ICWM Program in sub-projects under rehabilitation or rehabilitation completed (construction completed) ISPs.

Under the Investment Grant Support, activities like Collection Centre, Culvert, Community Nursery, Farmers Field School, Skill Development Training, Production Demonstration, Soil Testing Service, Seasonal Planning workshops, Disadvantaged Group Targeted Program, Plastic Tunnel Demonstration, Capacity Building Training, and Seed Multiplication of Cereal Crops are the main program implemented in the subproject.

4.2 Crops Cultivated in the Command Area and Cropping Intensity

Paddy, wheat, maize, potato and vegetables are the major crops cultivated in the command are of the subproject. Paddy is cultivated in all the area during monsoon, wheat, potato and vegetables cultivated during winter and maize and vegetables are cultivated during spring season. The overall cropping intensity in 2073/74 is 266 %.

4.3 Impact of Agricultural Activities in Agriculture Development

With the advent of IWRMP Subproject by MWRIDD-3 and ICWM Program by DADO Surkhet FY 073/74 the fate of the inhabitant of the Mathillo Bahunichaur started to change. The farmers are provided with trainings by MWRIDD-3 and DADO Surkhet on Quality Management in construction, Skill Development and Capacity Building. These trainings made them able to adopt improved cultivation practices in the ISP area. FFS, IPM and ICM have good impact on farmers engaged in crop production. They learnt by practicing themselves the improved method of biological control, insects and pests. DADO has distributed improved seeds of rice, wheat, maize and vegetables along with plastic sheets for plastic tunnel demonstration. All these activities made them aware of improved technology for cultivation. After the completion of this subproject they have more water now than before for irrigation.

4.4 Crop Yields of Major Crops

Crop Yields of major crops as recorded from the reporting of DADO office of Surkhet that indicate significant increase in productivity after the ISP completion. Proper management of crop, manures, fertilizers and water have contributed the increase of the crop yields. Paddy yield is increased from 3.5 t/ha at the base year to 4.06 t/ha at present. Details of the productivity are presented in the Table 2.

Table 2 Crop Productivity

Yield (tonne/ha) Crop Area (ha) Base year 2071 Latest Year 2073 Paddy 35 3.5 3.3 Wheat 35 2.85 2.85 Potato 4 15.3 12.00 Oil seeds 0.68 0.88 Maize 15 2.65 3.25 Vegetables 3 12 Notes: 1. Field Study 2. Present Situation in given year as reported by WUA Officials/Focal Person and DADO Surkhet. 3. The reduction in production of potatoes is due to disease in last year. 4. The reduction in production of paddy is due to shortage of irrigation during canal construction.

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4.5 Improved Varieties of Crops Adopted

Production Demonstrations carried out by DADO under ICWMP activities have good impacts on farmers as a result of which contributed adopting High Yielding Improved Varieties of cereal crops. Adoption of Improved varieties alone can increase the productivity of crop by 25-50% depending on crops and crop variety. The main objective of ICWM program is to demonstrate the proficiency of variety and to motivate the use of improved variety in the project area in terms of coverage, productivity and quality seeds.

Presently adopted crop varieties are listed in Table 3.

Table 3 Adopted Improved Crop Varieties

Crops Base Year Present Day Paddy Local Varieties Khumal-4, Sabitri, and Local Vegetables (Tomato) Manisha, Shirjana Wheat RR21 Gautam, Himali Potato Local TPS, Janak dev Winter Vegetables Onion Local Nasik Red Spring Maize Local Manakana-3, Arun-2, and Local

Notes: 1. Field Study

2. Present Situation in given year as reported by WUA Officials/Focal Person and DADO Surkhet.

4.6 Linkage Established with Service providers

After the initiation of the rehabilitation of Irrigation Subproject linkage between/among WUA and DADO, IDD, Agriculture Research Centre has been developed for infrastructure improvement and technical knowledge. DADO office has lunched Agricultural Extension Activities including agriculture training to WUA members to impart technical knowledge on agriculture and IDD regularly provide training for institutional development, quality control, operation and maintenance of infrastructure built. Farmers now have well developed relation with following institution:

 DADO/ASC Offices for technical services through ICWM Program

 IDD Offices for technical services on operation and maintenance of the system, on-farm structure development and water management.

 Agriculture Research Centre for technical feedback and source seed.

 Agro-vet for inputs supply such as fertilizer, cereal seeds and vegetable seeds

 There is very good linkage of market for sale of produce they have in every season.

This linkage with the service provider will help them and understand where to approach for services they require.

4.7 Successful Activities

According to the farmers, with the availability of irrigation and improved cultivation practices along with improved seeds the productivity and cropping intensity is increased significantly. Now, the farmers realized change in their lifestyle themselves. They use improved seeds to cultivate rice, wheat and maize for food grain and are able to produce enough food for year-round to feed their family. They cultivate vegetables like cauliflower, cucumber, cabbage, tomato, onion and garlic for commercial purpose.

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4.7.1 Investment Support Grant

DADO Surkhet has supported in plastic tunnels for off season vegetable farming. They have given training to users for it. As the area is very near to market, there is wide scope of vegetable farming especially off seasonal. The WUA and farmers are interested in off season vegetable as the area lies in the corridor of Surkhet- Road.

4.7.2 Small Machine Tools Distribution

The DADO has not distributed any machine tools. We did not see it while walking through the irrigation system. But farmers have many tractors trucks and many other tools required for their agricultural practices and marketing

4.7.3 Financial Benefits

As it is mentioned above, the command area lies very near to the all weather black topped Ratna highway there is no marketing problem for their farm produce. Their main markets are Nepalgunj, Kohalpur, Surkhet,Botechaur and head quarter. They are receiving good price for tomato at present. The tomato fetches Rs 70.00/kg whereas the retail price of tomato in and Pokhara at present is Rs 30 – 40. As per the WUA chairperson the land value has increased considerably after the completion of this irrigation system and urbanization.

4.7.4 Seed Multiplication

Seed multiplication program on Paddy in Two ha is implemented here too in the Subproject area for piloting. It is in very good condition in another IWRMP sub-project named Bagkhor, In Surkhet.

4.7.5 Farmers’ Field School

Farmers' Field School is not established in this Subproject.

4.7.6 Agricultural Development Activities

The Full Package of ICWMP activities implemented in this ISP from very beginning of the Program in F. Y. 2072/73 and F. Y. 2073/74 are given in Table 4

Table 4 ICWMP Implementation

Date of Implementation Activity 2073-07-02 2073 -12 -05 2073-10-09 Farmer Seasonal Crop Planning (FSP) Workshop- yes yes farmers' Level Youth employment promotion yes Training on Technical and Skill Development of Farmers (processing, marketing through information yes campaign and demonstration Seed multiplication program in Paddy 2 ha yes Plastic tunnel 2 no yes Other Seed Multiplication Program Co-ordination Committee Meeting yes Program Monitoring Report yes Transportation of Agricultural Inputs yes Update of Sub-project Profile yes Production Demonstration yes Soil Test yes

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Date of Implementation Activity 2073-07-02 2073 -12 -05 2073-10-09 Farmers' Field School from Farmer to Farmer Plastic Tunnel Demonstration yes yes Program Monitoring (District level) yes yes

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5 SOCIAL & ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS

5.1 Participation of Beneficiaries in SEMP Preparation

WUA, farmer beneficiaries and other stakeholder participated in SEMP preparation meeting held in the locality. Though users were not fully aware of importance of social and environmental impact of project, they were debriefed of social and environmental issues/implication arising due to project implementation or project activities and corresponding mitigation measure including responsible agency. Meeting was held in Command area Chhinchu, Surkhet. Respondent farmer participated in the meeting are listed in Table 5.

Table 5 SEMP Preparation Participants

Name Position Gender/Ethnicity Mr. Rim Bahadur Oli Chairperson Male/Other Mr. Kul Dip Gharti Vice Chairperson Male/Janajati Mrs. Nanda Oli Treasurer Female/ Other Mr. DambarSunar Secretary Male/Dalit Mrs. TikaKumari BK Joint Secretary Female/Dalit Mr. Bhakta Bahadur Basnet Member Male /Other Mr. Purna Bahadur Khatri Member Male /Other Mr. Mai Ram Pun Member Male/ Janajati Mrs. Bhumi Kala Sunuwar Member Female/Dalit Mrs. Muna Khadka Member Female/ Other Mrs. Devi Gharti Member Female/Janajati Mr. Rim Bahadur Oli Chairperson Male/Other Mr. Kul Dip Gharti Vice Chairperson Male/Janajati Mrs. Nanda Oli Treasurer Female/ Other Mr. DambarSunar Secretary Male/Dalit Mrs. TikaKumari BK Joint Secretary Female/Dalit

5.2 Identified Issues and Agreed Mitigation Measures

This is a rehabilitation project and has no significant social and environmental impact in the area and is smoothly implemented. But some issues discussed during SEMP preparation are described in Table 6.

Table 6 SEMP Issues and Mitigation Measures

Activities/issues Mitigation Encroachment into forest Proper location of labour camp Make labour aware of forest fire Water seepage problem Canal lining in weak zones Gender issues Proportionate participation/representation in all activities Chemicals/ pesticides Promotion of organic farming Agro Inputs Training to store and preserve seeds. BhakaroSudhar Employment to backward Ensure Priority in employment to Backwards.

5.3 Involvement of Women in Mitigation Activities

Women enthusiastically took part in discussion of SEMP activities identification and contributed a lot to mitigation measures. Women's involvement in identification of gender issues, employment opportunities, linkages, accesses to health & sanitation were commendable and major topics. The following women

mathillo bahunichaur pcr final 11 January 18 IWRMP (AF), Component A Mathillo Bahunichaur PCR

from among the command area residents were involved in focus group discussion which was held in Chhinchu Surkhet:

 Ms Nanda Oli, Bheriganga Wd no 4

 Ms Tika Kumara BK, Bheriganga Wd no 4

 Ms Bhumikala Sunar, Bheriganga Wd no 4

 Ms Devi Gharti, Bheriganga Wd no 4

 Ms Muna Khadka, Bheriganga Wd no 4

5.4 Compliance Status of SEMP

There is good compliance of SEMP with stipulated environmental documentation; but the office has not invested the amount set aside for SEMP Implementation.

5.5 Others Social and Environmental Impacts

The Project area is a good amalgam of different casts. It has very good feature of coexistence and cooperation. Peoples are well aware and cautious of communal harmony contributed by good opportunity for education and health facility. Therefore; more focus was given on gender. There is no any resettlement problem. Women are generally given more attention for better opportunity in employment and access to health and sanitation.

5.6 Environmental Awareness

Though the project has least environmental impacts, awareness among the farmers and beneficiaries regarding environmental degradation in fragile Churiya range, by the use of chemical fertilizer, pesticides, water logging, deforestation and seepage in the weak zones are important and need awakening on time and again.

5.7 Uplift Program for Socially Disadvantaged People

In fact, this sub-project serves the socially disadvantaged population mainly. Employment opportunity at project implementation stage to socially disadvantaged persons was given outmost importance. Furthermore, training on improved farm practices, cultivation of cash crops, off season farming, focused on vegetable was given to them. Market accesses by establishing linkages with outside agencies or persons are promoted through better co-ordination among the beneficiaries in the project area.

mathillo bahunichaur pcr final 12 January 18 IWRMP (AF), Component A Mathillo Bahunichaur PCR

6 SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

6.1 Infrastructure Development

Since, the idle length of canal is short and regular O & M of the system seems to be quite easy. Infrastructures built are in good condition. Operation of the intake and canal is easy. However, the downstream side of core wall is degraded despite being located in a very good point. Provision for energy dissipation has to be added to make the canal intake last long. The huge flood of this year has damaged the intake more than expected. So serious thinking on this side of the problem is urgent.

Farmers have got the taste of irrigated agriculture and are aware on repair and maintenance. Extra care during rainy season especially in floods is recommended. Proper operation and maintenance of the system plays crucial role in irrigation water management and in turn, productivity. Satisfaction survey showed that 90.3 percent of the households are satisfied with the present water management, operation and maintenance system of this Irrigation Scheme.

6.2 Institutional Development

Institutional development is a long process and takes time to become stable. The activities of the organization decide whether it is heading towards institutionalizing it or not. In Mathillo Bahunichaur WUA is moving towards institutionalizing it by perpetual income source and matured resource mobilization. It is recommended to use the bank balance in suitable economic activities to increase income through the consent of all users.

6.3 Agricultural Development

Continuous agricultural practice with the use of modern techniques, equipment, tools and machinery is essential for increase in production and ensure quality. The use of farm machinery is necessary to reduce cost of production. It is revealed that farmers are expecting assistance in buying thrashing machine for paddy and maize.

6.4 Socio-Environmental Safeguards

There is no any major social and environmental impact till date. Farmer themselves are aware of merits and demerits of various agricultural inputs. They are trying to declare Mathillo Bahunichaur ISP command area an organic farm area and sale all surplus products to valuable customers of Surkhet and Nepalgunj market at high price. There is no any registered complain on gender discrimination in WUA, Municipality or CDO office from this community. Social discrimination to Dalits does not exist here. There are many Dalit families having very good assimilation with other communities. Encroachment to forest area is checked by user themselves. Seepage of water through weak zone is prevented by lining. Equal wage for equal work, no child labour, Wage Rate at least minimum to district wage rate and no other work-related discrimination to female and Dalit is found reported.

mathillo bahunichaur pcr final 13 January 18 ANNEX A

LAYOUT OF COMMAND AREA

ANNEX B

PHOTOGRAPHS

Lined canal

Intake

Sand/Gravel Trap

Retaining wall and lined canal

Offseason Tomato Farming

Discussion on ISF

Paddy field ANNEX C

IRRIGATION SERVICE FEE COLLECTION PLAN

Irrigation and Water Resources Management Project (Additional Funding)

O & M Cost and ISF Collection Plan

Subproject: Mathillo Bahunichaur ISP District: Surkhet ...... Construction Start: ...... Finish: Ashadh end 2074 ......

1. Salient Features of Sub‐project Infrastructure:

Name of Size / No Critical Features regarding O&M Canal/Structure H/W Repeated boulder rolling from u/s of stream on Diversion cutoff.

Main canal 60*60 Cm About 100 m of main canal is under occasional flood attack.

Old aqueduct Functioning well

Pipe outlets 15Cm dia. No any risk noted

2. Summary of Engineer's Estimate for O & M Cost and ISF Rate:

See attached spreadsheets (Tables A, C, D & F) for details:

a) Engineer’s estimate of overall O&M cost Rs 2,54,460 NPR

b) Estimated non‐ISF income of WUA (excluding labor contributions) 66,100 NPR

c) Additional funds required by WUA through ISF to meet O&M costs = (a – b) =1,88,360 NPR

d) Equivalent rate per ha for ISF 4,303.64 NPR/ha

3. WUA's Agreed O&M Budget and ISF Rate:

Details of budget agreed with WUA, based on their past experience and summarized in the attached spreadsheet (Tables A, F, G & H). a) Agreed Overall O&M budget (including deposits for emergency repairs) 1,79,500 NPR

b) Estimated non‐ISF income of WUA (excluding labour contributions) 65,100 NPR

c) Additional funds required by WUA through ISF to meet O&M costs ( = a – b) 1,14,400 NPR

d) Equivalent rate per ha for ISF 2,600 NPR/ha

e) Available records, if any, of ISF collection in recent years.

NPR ‘000 Est. Value of Total Year Balance at ISF Total Balance at Labour/Kind Amount Start of Year rate(NPR/ha) Expenditure End of Year Contribution Collected

4. Recommended Annual ISF Collection Rate

ISF Rate (NPR/ha) Currently Recommended transition from Existing Collection Rate Engineer’s collected by to Engineer’s Estimated Rate Estimate WUA 2073‐74 2074‐75 2075‐76 2076‐77 2077‐78 2078‐79 4304.00 0 2,600.00 3,000.00 3,500.00 4,000.00 4,500.00

In the beginning WUA may not agree collect ISF as per engineer's estimate and should be suggested during discussion to increase ISF rate gradually to meet within 4‐ 5 years so that the surplus amount will be helpful at the time of heavy damage if any in future and also they can benefit from bank interest.

5. ISF Collection Plan as per WUA:

Give details as per discussion with WUA, based on the following checklist.

a) Timing of payments (before/after harvest). After harvest for ISF and July for non ISF

b) Has a person responsible for ISF collection been appointed yet? (Y/N) No

c) Will the person responsible for ISF collection be remunerated in any way?No 6. Financial Management by WUA

Confirm (from project records) that WUA members have completed the relevant training and financial procedures according to the IDF, namely:

Phase 1 – Pre‐project Implementation  SN 25 Preparation of annual work programme and budgets

Phase 2 – Project Implementation  SN 6 ISF and other resources collection  SN 7 Formulation of financial and administrative rules and regulations  SN8 Auditing  SN 10 Notice issued on financial activities and public auditing

Phase 3 – Operation and Maintenance  SN 3 ISF and other resource collection  SN 6 Establishing canal maintenance fund  SN 10 Submitting financial details to DoI after end of financial year IWRMP-AF

Expenditure Model Plan for ISF Collection to Meet O & M Costs 08 July 2017 A Project Details Name of Irrigation Sub-project (ISP) Mathillo Bahunichaur ISP Surkhet Command Area 44 ha Number of Households 122 Nos Population 665 Nos

B Estimated Cost of Civil Works 12,723,000 NPR

C Engineer's estimate for Annual O&M Costs Description Rate Amount(NPR) Engineer's estimate for overall O&M cost of sub-project @ 2 - 3 % of civil 2% 254,460 a) Operation cost includes the following - Office rent and furnitures 400000 40,000 - Stationary 12000 12,000 - WUA Renewal cost 00 - WUA audit cost 12000 12,000 - WUA G assembly/ election cost 2000 2,000 - other office expenses 2000 2,000 - Miscellaneous expenses 5000 5,000 b) Mainteneance cost includes the following - Routine maintenance of H/W and structures including operating gates. 40000 40,000 - Dhalpa/chaoukidar/heralu 4000 48,000 - ISF collector remuneration 00 - Emergency maintenenace of Canal and structures as and when required 10000 10,000 - Miscellaneous expenses 5000 5,000

D Calculation of ISF based on Engineer's Estimate Annual amount required for O& M = (Engineer's estimate - WUA income) 189,360.00 ISF rate per ha 4,303.64 ISF rate per bigha (1ha = 1.48 Bigha) 2,907.86 ISF rate per kattha (1ha = 29.60 Kattha) 145.39 ISF rate per ropani (1ha = 19.675 Ropani) 218.74

E Estimated Value of Routine Maintenance Activities (supplied as labour) Quantity SN Description Rate Amount(NPR) (Labor) 1 Main Canal/structures cleaning (……2.. times/year) 122 460 56,120 2 Intake H/W Diversion (……2.. times/year) 50 460 23,000 2 Branch canal repair/cleaning (2…….. times/year) 40 460 18,400

Total 97,520 F Expected Sources of Cash Income of WUA SN Description Quantity Rate Amount (NPR) 1 Membership Fee 122 300 36,600 2 Defaulter's Fee 5 1,000 5,000 3 Industries (small hydro tarif) - - 0 4 Visitor's fee 2 1,000 2,000 Agro-mechanical rental of WUA equipments 5 0 6 Profit from Land buy/sell fee 5 1,000 5,000 7 Profit from culture program 1 5,000 5,000 8 Profit fromWUA Training allowance/Expopsure visit 30 50 1,500 9 Sand obtained from canal de-silting 5 1,000 5,000 10 Interest of bank deposit - 0 11 Interest of loan provided to WUA beneficiaris by WUA - - 0 12 Grass of canal bank 1 1,000 1,000 13 Other (Sale of irrigation water to other farmers) 1 4,000 4,000 Total 65,100

G Provisional O&M Budget Agreed with WUA SN Description Quantity Rate Amount (NPR) 1 O&M of Headworks 1 20,000 20,000 2 O&M of Main Canals 1 20,000 20,000 3 O&M of Branch Canals 1 10,000 10,000 4 O&M of Flow Control Structures 19 500 9,500 5 O&M of Bridges, Culverts and Syphons 1 10,000 10,000 6 Remuneration of Dhalpa / Heralu / Chowkidar 2 4,000 48,000 7 Transportion 5 2,000 2,000 8 Office Rent 1 1,000 12,000 9 Office Equipment (incl furniture and stationery) 1 34,000 34,000 10 Remuneration for ISF Collector - - 0 11 WUA General Assembly 1 2,000 2,000 12 WUA Audit 1 12,000 12,000 13 other Subtotal 179,500 14 Deposit into fund for emergency repairs Total 179,500

H Calculation of ISF based on WUA's Agreed Budget Annual amount required for O& M = (Engineer's estimate - WUA income) - NPR 114,400 ISF rate per ha 2,600 ISF rate per bigha (1ha = 1.48 bigha) 1,757 ISF rate per kattha (1ha = 29.60 kattha) 88 ISF rate per ropani (1ha = 19.675 ropani) 132

Note:- WUA beneficiaries may pay ISF fee in cash, in kind (such as with paddy, wheat, or other crops) or in labour, as agreed by the WUA. ANNEX D

CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS S-CURVE 100

90

80

70

60

50 Actual financial progress 40 Actual Physical progress 30

20

10

0