NPS UG WE Grid 42X24

Santa Fe National Historic Trail National Park Service Santa Fe Trail Association Santa Fe Trail Sites to the East and West

Pioneered by William Becknell in 1821, the Santa Fe Trail became an important international, commercial trade route. It spanned 900 miles from Franklin, Missouri, to Santa Fe, then in Mexico. Wagon trains took up to two and one- half months to make the rugged trip. Unlike the emigrant trails which took travelers west to Utah, Oregon, and California, the Santa Fe Trail mainly handled commerce with traffic moving in both directions. When Santa Fe became part of the United States after the Mexican-American War in 1848, trade barriers were removed and traffic increased but the need for the trail ended with the arrival of the railroad in 1880. Today it is designated a National Historic Trail by the U.S. Congress. There are many opportunities along its length to see ruts left by the wheels of the wagon trains.

Colorado You Are Here Franklin Kansas Missouri

Santa Fe Oklahoma New Mexico

The Santa Fe Trail was a vital artery for commerce, travel, communication, and military transportation. Freight 1 Santa Fe Trail Center 2 Larned Cemetery Ruts 3 Zebulon Pike Plaza wagons no longer cross the prairie, yet ribbons of deep- Here you will find information and publications The trail cuts across what is now the Larned Similar to the Lewis and Clark Expedition to the worn ruts from countless ox- or mule-drawn wagons can about the Santa Fe Trail. The building houses a Cemetery and faint ruts can be seen on the north, Zebulon Pike led an expedition in the early still be seen in several places close to Fort Larned. Guide museum covering subjects from the American southwest corner of the property next to the years of the nineteenth century to explore the books are available and distinctive signs mark the route. Indian presence to the present day. On the grounds chain link fence. southwest regions of the continent. On October there are a typical prairie sod house, a frontier 29, 1806, he and his men crossed the Pawnee River See a glimpse of history and travel the Santa Fe Trail today. church and other buildings of the trail era. at this spot. William Becknell used Pike’s notes and maps when he opened the Santa Fe Trail in 1821. Indispensable Beverage The insatiable appetite acquired by Fort Larned You Are Here National North travellers upon the Prairies is almost Historic Site 4 5 6 incredible, and the quantity of coffee s Rut Larned h’s A 56 Ralp 1 d to r McPherson Larne k Lyons m) Fort a drunk is still more so. It is an unfailing 50 miles (80 k n 2 sa s e Ri t 3 ve u r and apparently indispensable beverage, o 50 R 56 ry served at every meal—even under the D te u o broiling noon-day sun, the wagoner R et W will rarely fail to replenish a second time, his huge cup.

Trader Josiah Gregg, as described in his 1844 book Commerce of the Prairies

For maps and further information about other sites to explore, please visit: • Fort Larned National Historic Site: www.nps.gov/fols • Santa Fe Trail Center Museum & Library: www.santafetrailcenter.org Look for this sign 4 Pawnee Rock State Historic Site 5 The Second Fort Zarah 6 Ralph’s Ruts • Coronada-Quivira Museum & to trace the route of One of the finest examples of trail evidence Lyons Chamber of Commerce: Pawnee Rock was one of the best known natural Built one-half mile north of the first one, the the Santa Fe National features along the Santa Fe Trail in Kansas. second Fort Zarah was a more permanent post, anywhere along the trail, visitors have easy access [email protected] Historic Trail. Although some of the rock was removed by settlers comprised of large stone buildings for a fully and a Daughters of the American Revolution marker • For information about and the railroads for construction materials, one functioning fort. This post was abandoned in to point out the location. The ruts continue west the Santa Fe Trail: Please be courteous can still enjoy panoramic views across the prairie 1869, when it was felt that the Indian threat was intermittently for another two miles, where they www.santafetrail.org when viewing a site from this relatively high landmark. not sufficient to warrant a second post so close form the spectacular Gunsight Notch, a ridge worn www.nps.gov/safe on private land. to Fort Larned. away by 60 years of commercial and military traffic.

36 X 48 INCHES | 28% OF ACTUAL SIZE | JUNE 2011 | SANTA FE NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAIL—FORT LARNED NHS | Wayside Exhibit 53 Santa Fe National Historic Trail National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Fort Larned

Protector of the Santa Fe Trail

Fort Larned was established in 1859 including Lieutenant Colonel (Brevet near the midpoint of the Santa Fe Trail. General) George Custer, Buffalo Bill, Throughout the 1860s Fort Larned Kit Carson, and Indian Chiefs Black served as a lonely outpost on the vast Kettle, Satanta, and Yellow Bear. Kansas prairie providing protection for While most forts from that time were mail coaches and freight caravans on the torn down or have deteriorated over

Santa Fe Trail during the turbulent the years, Fort Larned survives largely Soldiers step through formations on the Cannons like these protected the fort period known as the "Indian Wars." intact due to its sandstone fort’s parade ground. from attack. The fort was home to both infantry and construction. Visitors today are cavalry units, including a troop of delighted to find one of the most African-American soldiers known as complete and authentic forts "Buffalo Soldiers." Many famous people remaining from the 1860s and 1870s. came to the fort during its heyday,

The fort ambulance. Fort Larned had the A blacksmith at work in the forge. only hospital for hundreds of miles around.

Fort Larned National Nine original buildings, most programs on Saturdays, Sundays, Historic Site, a National beautifully restored inside and and holidays during the summer, Park Service area, is just out, surround the parade ground and occasionally at other times of and await your exploration. the year (contact the park for a ten minutes away! Rangers are on duty daily in the schedule). Other park features park visitor center, which include a picnic area with shaded The park is located six includes a museum, audio-visual tables, visible Santa Fe Trail ruts miles west of Larned on programs, and a bookstore. Staff that cross a prairie dog town, and and volunteers recreate the “Old a nature and history trail. Kansas Highway 156. West” with living history Admission is free.

Contact the park at (620) 285-6911 or visit our website at www.nps.gov/fols

36 X 48 INCHES | 28% OF ACTUAL SIZE | JUNE 2011 | SANTA FE NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAIL—FORT LARNED NHS | Wayside Exhibit 54 Santa Fe National Historic Trail National Park Service Santa Fe Trail Association Santa Fe Trail Sites to the West For 60 years, the Santa Fe Trail connected the east with the southwest. It preceded by 20 years the great emigrant trails to the north and was the only trail to start in the United States and end in a foreign country. After the Mexican-American War ended in 1848, the trail traveled through what was now United States territory and army posts like Fort Larned were built to protect traders from skirmishes with the American Indians along the way.

New York il City 2 REPUBLIC nta Fe Tra a OF MEXICO S UNITED 1 Santa Fe STATES 3 1840

New Orleans

Network of Trade The Santa Fe Trail was an important link in the system of early international trading routes. Goods heading east from Missouri were transported on rivers and canals to reach the ports of New York City and New Orleans. El Camino Real de la Tierra Adentro connected Santa Fe to Chihuahua, Mexico and points further south.

1 Larned Ruts 2 Wet Route, Fort Larned 3 Fort Dodge Tracks made by the heavy freight wagons are Military Road Junction Fort Dodge was founded in 1865 to protect the visible in many spots throughout the area. The Fort Larned Military Road merged with the Santa Fe Trail. The fort site was previously used as Springtime is often the best viewing time when Wet Route at this location; ruts can be seen from a campsite by trail traders because the wet and dry plants fill the ruts with new growth and make them the roadside. In Pawnee, Edwards, and Ford routes rejoined at this point. The fort was removed easier to spot. These ruts are located just south of Counties, trail enthusiasts will notice over 50 such from service in 1882. Today the former fort serves Fort Larned. markers that identify important trail sites. as the Kansas State Soldiers Home.

Fort Larned Garden City National You Are Here Historic Site 56 50 North

1 Taking Your House on the Road 2 Larned

Cimarron Freight wagons had to supply the teamster crews with te u r everything they needed for up to three months on the o ve Dodge City 50 R Ri 6 s 56 y sa trail. In addition to commercial freight, food, tools, r an 5 D rk and even lumber for repairs had to be packed into the e A 4 t d u e 3 o rn R a wagons. A typical freight wagon when fully loaded L rt Fo o Wet t t could weigh 5,000 pounds. en um on es M ach m) C 65 les (104 k Loading the wagons was tricky because cargo had to mi survive constant jolting on the primitive trail but some teamsters became so good at packing that their goods arrived, after 900 miles on the trail, in as good condition as if they had come by steamboat.

For maps and further information about other sites to explore, please visit: • Fort Larned National Historic Site: www.nps.gov/fols • Dodge City Chamber of Commerce & Boot Hill Museum: www.dodgechamber.com Look for this sign 4 100th Meridian Marker 5 Dodge City Ruts 6 Caches Monument • For information about to trace the route of The 100th degree of longitude long served as a This excellent set of ruts is nine miles west of Near here in 1822 a blizzard stopped Santa Fe the Santa Fe Trail: the Santa Fe National boundary between nations, first between France Dodge City on the north side of Highway 50. It is bound traders. They dug holes, buried, and stored www.santafetrail.org Historic Trail. and Spain and later as the boundary for the owned and managed by the Boot Hill Museum, (cached) their goods until they returned from www.nps.gov/safe Louisiana Purchase, between Spain and the U.S. which permits visitors to walk to the site of the Taos, New Mexico, six months later. The holes Please be courteous The meridian also symbolically marks the end of parallel ruts. The Kansas Highway Department has remained until recent times and became the when viewing a site the humid east and beginning of the arid west. provided a turnout and parking area for easy access. landmark known as the “Caches” on the trail. on private land.

36 X 48 INCHES | 28% OF ACTUAL SIZE | JUNE 2011 | SANTA FE NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAIL—FORT LARNED NHS | Wayside Exhibit 55 Santa Fe National Historic Trail National Park Service Santa Fe Trail Association Trail Sites to the East The Santa Fe Trail was an overland two- the point where the Mountain Route and way trade road that connected Franklin, Cimarron Route rejoined. The route Missouri, with Santa Fe, New Mexico. hugged the Arkansas River, so for this After stopping at Bent’s Old Fort for rest part of the journey water was available. and resupply, traders heading east had This trip to the Middle Crossing took

about 180 miles to cover before reaching about 10 days. 1 Boggsville Historic Site 2 Fort Lyon 3 Bent’s New Fort This small community anchored by the homes of John W. This structure, now a chapel, was originally the home This fort was operated by William Bent from 1853 to Prowers and Thomas O. Boggs, was a stage stop on the of the post surgeon for Fort Lyon, a Civil War-era fort. 1859, when he leased the site to the U.S. Army. Today only Santa Fe Trail. Today both buildings are maintained and Frontiersman Kit Carson was brought here in 1868 for foundation ruins outline the post. partially restored. treatment and died shortly after.

240 highway m iles (386km) Bent’s Old Fort National Historic Site Moun Fort Larned 2 3 ta 1 in R La Junta out National e Garden Historic Site Lamar A rka Lakin nsa 50 City s R 4 Larned You Are Here ive 350 r Cimarron Dodge City 50 North 5 56

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Army Train Crossing the Plains

Look for this sign to trace the route of the Santa Fe National Historic Trail. You Are Here Colorado Franklin Please be courteous when viewing Kansas Missouri a site on private land. For maps and further information, please visit: Santa Fe Oklahoma New Mexico • Southeast Colorado Heritage: • Santa Fe Trail www.secoloradoheritage.com information: Trade Route • Bent’s Old Fort National www.santafetrail.org The Santa Fe Trail was an important link in early international trading Historic Site: www.nps.gov/safe routes. Running over 900 miles from the United States to Mexico, international trade was underway from 1821 to 1848. It took freight www.nps.gov/beol wagons over two months to make the trip. Traders heading west sold 4 Charlie’s (Bentrup’s) Ruts 5 Middle Crossings Area 6 Dodge City Ruts • Fort Larned National Historic Site: their goods in Santa Fe or went further south along El Camino Real de www.nps.gov/fols Tierra Adentro to markets in Mexico. Goods moving east on the trail Located three miles west of Deerfield on Highway 50 is a Wagons were able to cross virtually anywhere in a 30- This excellent set of ruts, owned and managed by the Boot • Boggsville: were destined for New York City, New Orleans, and Europe. Domestic fine set of parallel ruts ascending a hill to the east. These are mile stretch due to the Arkansas River’s shallow flows. Hill Museum, is nine miles west of Dodge City on the north trade continued between Missouri and New Mexico until the arrival of on the north side of the highway and marked with a Kansas Highway 50 closely follows the trail route and passes by side of Highway 50. The Kansas Highway Department has www.phsbc.info/boggs.htm the railroad in 1880. State Historical Society marker. the crossing sites. provided a turnout and parking area for easy access.

42 X 24 INCHES | 38% OF ACTUAL SIZE | JUNE 2011 | SANTA FE NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAIL—BENT’S OLD FORT NHS | Wayside Exhibit 50 Santa Fe National Historic Trail National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior

There is the greatest possible noise in the patio. The shoeing of horses, neighing and braying of mules, the Trading Post on the Trail crying of children, the scolding and fighting of men, are all enough to turn my head. From the diary of Susan Shelby Magoffin, written at Bent’s Fort on her nineteenth birthday, July 30, 1846.

Imagine traveling in the 1840s on the trade for coffee, sugar, blankets, and Santa Fe Trail. You have just spent weeks ammunition. You could eat a meal at a crossing hundreds of miles of lonely and dining table and sleep protected within desolate prairie. There would have been the fort walls. Although several no help if you broke a wheel or an axle, contemporary accounts describe the no help if you ran out of supplies. This fort as a castle on the plains, for most post would have been a most welcome trail traders it was more truck stop

site. You could repair your wagon and than palace. Because space in the wagons was at a premium, Blacksmiths were among Wooden wagon parts, it was unusual for traders to ride in the wagons the tradesmen at the fort including wheels, dried other than to drive the horses. ready to repair wagons and shrank quickly in the damaged after hundreds of arid climate of the plains. miles on the rugged trail. The wheelwright at the fort had the skill and equipment to make repairs.

50 Lamar You Are Here Are You

Bent’s Old Fort Bent’s National Historic Site

3 6 Iron Spring Spring Iron Highway on Colorado, Timpas, of west 11 miles Located Spring Iron road, a gravel on south mile one then 350, and a stage and trail the on supply water an important was a few spring; near the visible still are ruts Trail station. nearby. are remains building Trinidad, between Pass Raton to entrance the Overlooking Pass Raton and Peak Fisher’s a was peak this Mexico, New Raton, and Colorado, the from out jutting traders, Trail Fe Santa for landmark mesa. surrounding

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Trail Fe Santa for of water source ﬁrst the was Creek Timpas Station Stage Timpas southwest. heading River Arkansas the leaving after traders previously Ranch, Metcalf 1871 the Between 1869 and station. served as a stage here, located House Baca later and Hough, John merchant, Trail Fe a Santa by Built Fe Santa near the house sits this Baca the family, to sold the on west brought furnishings houses some and Trail museum. is now a state-operated structure The trail.

Courtesy Colorado Historical Society Historical Colorado Courtesy 25

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Fort Union National Monument 4 1 Sierra Vista Overlook Vista Sierra the towards grasslands the can be seen crossing ruts Trail for travel days four and distant 60 miles Mountains, Rocky the signalled mountains of the site The west. heading those warned also but crossing, prairie tedious and long ofend the ahead. Pass Raton diﬃcult of the Hole-in-the-Rock was Hole-in-the-Rock Creek, Timpas of the headwaters The a deep was It travelers. trail early for landmark an important dry. went never that source water Fisher’s Peak Fisher’s Atchison, Atchison, . made the journey Susan Shelby Eyewitness As one of the first Anglo- American women to travel the trail, Magoffin Independence to Santa from Fe and into Mexico in 1846, when she was newly married and just 19 years old. She luxury in a traveled in relative private carriage and was a keen observer of life on the trail and in American-occupied Santa Fe. a vivid account of She wrote the experience in a travelogue, and Down the Santa Fe Trail Into Mexico Courtesy Colorado Historical Society Historical Colorado Courtesy the 1840s a day’s progress could be could progress 1840s a day’s the developed later was It in yards. measured route the becoming before road a toll into of mountains the the through Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad. Railroad. Fe Santa and Topeka, • Santa Fe Trail information: www.santafetrail.org www.nps.gov/safe Look for this sign to trace the route Look for this sign to trace the route of the Santa Fe National Historic Trail. Please be courteous when viewing a site on private land. For maps and further information, please visit: www.secoloradoheritage.com Historic Site: www.nps.gov/beol www.nps.gov/foun www.historycolorado.org/museums/ trinidad-history-museum-0 After a stay at Bent’s Fort, traders heading heading traders at Bent’s Fort, a stay After Sangre The ahead. road had a rough west main the and loomed Mountains Cristo de rugged the through was trail of the route in that so rocky was road The Pass. Raton • Southeast Colorado Heritage: • Old Fort National Bent’s • Fort Union National Monument: • Baca House: Trail Sites to the West the to Sites Trail Santa Fe National Historic Trail National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior

Fort Union

A network of trails led into and out of Fort Union. The eroded ruts can still be seen today.

You Are Here

The deep ruts etched into the earth in front of Americans, the trail also promoted westward fort also utilized the Santa Fe Trail as the primary you are a record of Fort Union’s role as the expansion for the United States. military supply route, bringing supplies and men guardian of the Santa Fe Trail. Formed from a to the frontier west as conflicts grew with Established in 1851 to protect this vital network of routes used for hundreds of years by American Indian populations. international trade route, Fort Union ensured American Indians, Spaniards, Mexicans, New that the commerce traveling over 900 miles After the railroad arrived in 1879, the Santa Fe Mexicans, and Americans, the trail brought Eroded Santa Fe Trail ruts of the from the United States (Missouri) to Mexico Trail instantly became obsolete and eliminated the Mountain Route can be seen north economic success to the towns along its path. need for Fort Union. It was abandoned in 1891. (Santa Fe) reached its destination safely. The of Fort Union National Monument. With the presence of a growing number of

42 X 24 INCHES | 38% OF ACTUAL SIZE | JUNE 2011 | SANTA FE NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAIL—FORT UNION NM | Wayside Exhibit 56 Santa Fe National Historic Trail National Park Service Santa Fe Trail Association

Trail Sites to the North and East COLORADO NEW MEXICO OKLAHOMA The Santa Fe Trail was a 900-mile overland Missouri. The smoother Cimarron Route Raton

n N i o a r t th road that connected Franklin, Missouri, was the most direct path but lack of water n e C u t an o u ad o ian M R Riv 6 with Santa Fe, New Mexico. Near here, the and passage through American Indian North er

trail split into the Mountain Route and the lands made it no less hazardous than the Cimarron 3 ute 25 Ro ron Cimarron Route and travelers had to Mountain Route. Today both routes are mar Rayado 2 Springer 5 Ci Clayton decide which to take to continue east to part of the Santa Fe National Historic Trail. 56 4 TEXAS 21 ) km

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Santa Fe River Pecos National Watrous Historic Park

The Mountain Route and the Cimarron Route of the Santa Fe Trail diverged just south of Fort Union. The choice of 2 routes heading east was made at Watrous. The Cimarron 3 Lucien Maxwell House in Rayado Route did not signiﬁcantly reduce the time to traverse the Cimarron Started by Lucien Maxwell in 1848, the town of Rayado was trail but it presented a smoother route. Cimarron was an important stop for wagon trains on the the point where the Mountain Route and two of its side trails Mountain Route. Many buildings, such as the courthouse, rejoined. The army rented buildings at Rayado in the early jail, stagecoach oﬃce, and a gambling house, still remain 1850s to help protect this part of the Mountain Route. from that era. The town square and well are pictured above. Indian Alarm on the Cimarron River Look for this sign to trace the route of the Santa Fe National Historic Trail. Please be courteous when viewing New York il City a site on private land. REPUBLIC nta Fe Tra a OF MEXICO S UNITED For maps and further information, Santa Fe STATES please visit: 1840

• Fort Union National • Town of Clayton: New Orleans Monument: www.claytonnewmexico.net www.nps.gov/foun • Santa Fe Trail information: Network of Trade • Wagon Mound: www.santafetrail.org www.wagonmoundnm.com www.nps.gov/safe The Santa Fe Trail was an important link in the system of early international trading routes. Goods heading east from Missouri 4 Rock Crossing of the Canadian River 5 Point of Rocks 6 McNees Crossing • Town of Raton: were transported on rivers and canals to reach the ports of The rock crossing is less than 10 miles from Springer and Used as a landmark for traders heading west, Point of Rocks Located alongside the North Canadian River, McNees www.ratonnm.gov New York City and New Orleans. El Camino Real de la Tierra was an important crossing used to avoid the deep canyons had a fine spring. This outcropping was a popular campsite Crossing was a popular camping site. This site is believed Adentro connected Santa Fe to Chihuahua, Mexico and points of the Canadian River. for various Indian buffalo hunting parties and Santa Fe Trail to be the location where, in 1831, the Fourth of July was further south. caravans traveling the Cimarron Route. celebrated for the first time in the New Mexico Territory.

42 X 24 INCHES | 38% OF ACTUAL SIZE | JUNE 2011 | SANTA FE NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAIL—FORT UNION NM | Wayside Exhibit 57

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42 X 24 INCHES open the Santa Fe Santa Fe open the Gallego met trader William William met trader Gallego Becknell and thus Becknell and thus 1 3 4 1 in 1849 and here store opened a trading Watrous Samuel house) Ranch (Doolittle Store Watrous Santa to catered store This structure. in this his home made town The era. trail of end the very the until traders Trail Fe Watrous renamed was and known as La Junta originally was town. the reached railroad the when Gap Kearny in 1821, Captain Ignacio Here, Peak Starvation for a landmark was peak Also known as Bernal this Hill, traders to water oﬀered Bernal Spring traders. Trail Fe Santa nearby. station a stage was a time there for and Becknell’s party from Missouri. Mexican independence independence Missouri. Mexican from party Becknell’s Facundo Governor allowed earlier months two Spain from welcome to Melgares Trail to legal international commerce between Mexico and and Mexico between commerce international legal to Trail States. United the , . Born in Land of Enchantment Marion Sloan Russell Eyewitness It was unusual for women to travel of disease, the trail. The hardships Indian attacks, stampedes, fires, made the trip storms, and drought unappealing to most women. But one woman who loved the adventure was Illinois in 1845, she made five round Illinois in 1845, she made five round stationed trips. She married an officer at Fort Union and later in life wrote a memoir, filled with fond memories of travel on the trail. She died at age of 92. Courtesy Pueblo City-County Library District Library City-County Pueblo Courtesy of the best known landmarks on the trail trail the on known landmarks best of the miles. for visible Peak, Starvation was near Station Stage at Kozlowski’s Arrival trains wagon the meant ruins at Pecos the were just days away from Santa Fe. • Pecos National Park: Historical www.nps.gov/peco • Information on the Santa Fe Trail: www.santafetrail.org www.nps.gov/safe Look for this sign to trace the route Look for this sign to trace the route of the Santa Fe National Historic Trail. Please be courteous when viewing a site on private land. For maps and further information, please visit: Rested and resupplied at Fort Union, Union, at Fort resupplied and Rested 130 miles last the into west headed traders Fe. Santa trip to arduous and long of the at Watrous post trading the reached They of Las town Vegas, small the then and first in 1835. One stop as a trail founded a town • Fort Union National Site: Historic www.nps.gov/foun of Las Vegas, • Town Mexico New www.lasvegasnewmexico.com • New Mexico, Las Vegas, Citizens’ Committee for Preservation: Historic http://lasvegasnmcchp.com Trail Sites to the West the to Sites Trail 59 open the Santa Fe Santa Fe open the National Park Service Park National Association Fe Trail Santa Wayside Exhibit Wayside | o Gallego met tradero Gallego William

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plaza that plaza that Santa Fe Santa 42 X 24 INCHES side of the Pecos National Historical Park 4 1 structure, adobe ﬂat-roofed of the top the from was It Mexico New Las Vegas, north the numbers 210-218 on between New the claimed Kearny Watts Stephen General Brigadier in 1846. States United the for territory Mexico settlement Hispanic part ﬁrst of was the church This Vado del San Miguel Pecos the crossed caravans bound Western trail. the on of as a port served point crossing the and nearby River Fe. Santa to headed traders for campsite entry and Old San Miguel del Vado del Old San Miguel New York New York City 1840

UNITED STATES

New Orleans

a S Santa Fe REPUBLIC OF MEXICO Network of Trade was an important link in the system of early The Santa Fe Trail Missouri international Goods heading east from trading routes. the ports of transported on rivers and canals to reach were City and New Orleans. El Camino Real de la Tierra New York connected Santa Fe to Chihuahua, Mexico and points Adentro further south. climb through Raton Pass. At the fort were were fort the At Pass. Raton through climb wheels, wagon broken fix to wheelwrights axles, and and tools mend to blacksmiths essential with stocked store a sutler’s supplies and hardware. Look for this sign to trace the route Look for this sign to trace the route of the Santa Fe National Historic Trail. Please be courteous when viewing a site on private land. For maps and further information, please visit: www.nps.gov/peco www.nps.gov/foun www.santafetrail.org www.nps.gov/safe Heading east, traders had a decision to to had a decision traders east, Heading the take to whether at Watrous make head or Route Cimarron drier but flatter Mountain rugged shorter, the along north rest could they north went If they Route. the before Union at Fort resupply and • Pecos National Historical Park: • Fort Union National Monument: • Information about the Santa Fe Trail: • New Mexico, Citizens’ Committee Las Vegas, for Historic Preservation: http://lasvegasnmcchp.com Trail Sites to the East the to Sites Trail Santa Fe National Historic Trail National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Pecos and the Santa Fe Trail

The low spot on the horizon before you is Glorieta Pass with Glorieta trail was actively used from 1821 until the railroad came through Mesa to your left and the Sangre de Cristo Mountains to your right. in 1880. Present-day New Mexico Highway 63 follows its path. For centuries people used this natural corridor for travel and trade. In The building across the parking lot was once Kozlowski’s Stage the nineteenth century it was the route of the Santa Fe Trail, a trade Station, one of the final rest stops before the much-anticipated route between Franklin, Missouri, and Santa Fe, New Mexico. The end of the 900-mile journey.

Fresh Fish Dinner Perhaps the most famous owner of the building to your left was Martin Kozlowski, a Polish immigrant who purchased the 600-acre ranch located along the Santa Fe Trail in 1861. Kozlowski’s Stage Station was a highlight for traders along the trail because meals often included freshly caught brown trout from Glorieta Creek. Kozlowski successfully ran the stage station until 1880 when the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad completed its maiden run to Santa Fe, making the Santa Fe Trail obsolete.

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Santa Fe Glorieta Pass Santa Fe Trail Pecos National Historical Park North and Kozlowski’s Stage Station

Glorieta Mesa You Are Here Cowboy Entrepreneur Tex Austin purchased Kozlowski’s ranch in 1924 envisioning a summer recreational ranch with customers coming from the East by train. Austin’s customers paid $125 per week to round up cattle and stay in his newly constructed guesthouse. Eventually the ranch was purchased by Texas oilman Colonel E.E. “Buddy” Fogelson and his wife, actress Greer Garson Fogelson.

42 X 24 INCHES | 38% OF ACTUAL SIZE | JUNE 2011 | SANTA FE NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAIL—PECOS NHP | Wayside Exhibit 60 Santa Fe National Historic Trail National Park Service Santa Fe Trail Association

Trail Sites to the West Just a few days more and the arduous 900- much excitement when the traders mile journey would end. When the traders arrived at the plaza. Townsfolk rushed reached the outskirts of Santa Fe, they to purchase long-awaited goods such as stopped to “rub up” from their dusty trail cotton and silk fabrics and American- clothes to their best Sunday suits for the made firearms and hardware.

triumphant entry into town. There was 1 Battle of Glorieta Pass Monuments 2 Johnson’s Ranch site (Cañoncito Church) 3 Wagon Sculpture at Museum Hill These monuments honor those who fell in the Battle of A trading ranch and stage station on the Santa Fe Trail, this Artist Reynaldo “Sonny” Rivera, in collaboration with Glorieta Pass in March 1862. Built by the Texas Division ranch played a part in the Civil War Battle of Glorieta Pass. In landscape architect Richard Borkovetz, created this life- of the United Daughters of the Confederacy in 1939, and March 1862 Confederate forces used it as their headquarters. sized depiction in bronze of “Journey’s End” at Museum Colorado’s State Historical Society in 1993, the monuments Nothing remains of this ranch today, but the area called Hill in Santa Fe. It is located on Camino Lejo on the are located along New Mexico Highway 50. Cañoncito is located on the site. original route of the Santa Fe Trail.

Pecos 50 Santa Fe 6 1 5 Glorieta Pass Pecos National Historical Park 4 3 34 h ighw You Are Here ay m iles (5 4 km) f rom Santa Fe to Pecos 25 25 North 2 Courtesy Museum of New Mexico Foundation Mexico of New Museum Courtesy Arrival of the Caravan at Santa Fe from Josiah Gregg’s Commerce of the Prairies Look for this sign to trace the route of the Santa Fe National Historic Trail. Eyewitness Please be courteous when viewing One of the most famous accounts of a site on private land. travel on the trail was written by a sickly For maps and further information, young man from Missouri who joined a please visit: caravan in 1831, bound for Santa Fe. His health restored, Josiah Gregg ultimately • Pecos National Historical Park: made the trip eight times and became a Santa Fe trader engaging in trade www.nps.gov/peco between the United States and Mexico. • Fort Union National Monument: Written in 1844, his book, Commerce of the Prairies www.nps.gov/foun , details the adventures of a 4 Amelia White Park 5 Santa Fe Plaza 6 Palace of the Governors • Information about the Santa Fe Trail: trail crossing and life in Santa Fe before the outbreak of the Mexican War. This small park is located at the intersection of the Santa At the plaza, traders unloaded and sold their goods. They Built in 1610 this adobe structure served as the seat of www.santafetrail.org Fe Trail and Camino Corrales. Faint trail ruts can be seen celebrated their successful arrival after the 900-mile journey. government in New Mexico for 300 years. In 1846 General www.nps.gov/safe in the park. Traders next traveled the trail back to Missouri with Mexican Stephen Watts Kearny raised the U.S. ﬂag over the palace and • New Mexico History Museum: Courtesy the Oklahoma Historical Society and New Mexican goods to sell in eastern markets. took up temporary residence inside. It now houses the New www.mnhistorymuseum.org Mexico History Museum.

42 X 24 INCHES | 38% OF ACTUAL SIZE | JUNE 2011 | SANTA FE NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAIL—PECOS NHP | Wayside Exhibit 61