DOCSLIB.ORG

Poisonous Plant Research

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Poisonous Plant Research International Journal of Poisonous Plant Research A Journal for Research and Investigation of Poisonous Plants ISSN 2154-3216 Tom Vilsack, Secretary U.S. Department of Agriculture Catherine E. Woteki, Under Secretary Research, Education and Economics Edward B. Knipling, Administrator Agricultural Research Service Sandy Miller Hays, Director Information Staff Editors-in-Chief Kip E. Panter James A. Pfister USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Lab Logan, UT Editorial Board Christo Botha Dale Gardner Anthony Knight South Africa USA USA Peter Cheeke Silvana Lima Gorniak Franklin Riet-Correa USA Brazil Brazil Steven Colegate Jeff Hall Bryan Stegelmeier USA USA USA John Edgar Gonzalo Diaz Kevin Welch Australia Colombia USA Editorial Advisory Board Chemistry Pathology Range Science/Botany Stephen Lee Claudio SL Barros Michael Ralphs USA Brazil USA Immunology Pharmacology Toxicology Isis Hueza Benedict Green Eduardo J Gimeno Brazil USA Argentina Molecular Biology/Biochemistry Plant Physiology Veterinary Science Zane Davis Daniel Cook Jeremy Allen USA USA Australia Assistant Editor Terrie Wierenga USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Lab Logan, UT Aim and Scope The International Journal of Poisonous Plant Research publishes original papers on all aspects of poisonous plants including identification, analyses of toxins, case reports, control methods, and ecology. Access and Subscription The International Journal of Poisonous Plant Research is published twice a year (spring and fall) by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. All journal contents are available online without access fee or password control. Visit the Journal at http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/np/PoisonousPlants/PoisonousPlantResearchJournalIntro.htm. Full-text articles in PDF format also are freely available online. Submission Information To obtain submission instructions and contributor information, contact Editors-in-Chief Kip E. Panter ([email protected]) or James A. Pfister ([email protected]). The International Journal of Poisonous Plant Research is published by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and thus is not subject to copyright protection. All contents of the Journal except where otherwise noted are in the public domain and may be freely reprinted or redistributed. However, proper citations are recommended. The Journal may report research involving pesticides. It does not imply that uses discussed herein have been registered. All uses of pesticides must be registered by appropriate State, territorial, and/or Federal agencies before they can be recommended. Mention of trade names or commercial products in the Journal is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. October 2011 Preface We are very pleased to publish this inaugural issue of a new all-electronic journal, International Journal of Poisonous Plant Research (IJPPR), through the assistance of the USDA-ARS Information Staff, Beltsville, MD. IJPPR is an online-only, peer-reviewed journal published semi-annually (two issues per calendar year). The primary objective of IJPPR is to provide timely research results and new technology to all those working in various disciplines involving poisonous plants. The Journal will encompass all aspects of poisonous plant research including original research, case reports, field observations in domestic and wild animals, and scientific reviews. There currently is not any journal, electronic or printed, that specifically targets toxic plant research, and IJPPR aims to fill this critical gap. We’ve employed an electronic publication system to make the papers as widely accessible as possible on the USDA-ARS website. It is our sincere hope that IJPPR will contribute in a meaningful manner toward facilitating and enhancing poisonous plant research and communication around the globe. This inaugural issue of IJPPR consists of papers submitted by various research scientists around the world, reflecting our objective of making IJPPR a truly international journal. We thank those who have assisted in the production of this inaugural issue, particularly Terrie Wierenga, Editorial Assistant, USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT; Sandy Miller Hays, Director, USDA-ARS Information Staff, Beltsville, MD; and Mina Chung, Supervisory Editor, USDA-ARS Information Staff, Beltsville, MD. We also thank all the individuals who have agreed to serve on the IJPPR Editorial Board and Editorial Advisory Board. James A. Pfister Kip E. Panter Editors-in-Chief USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory Logan, UT Contents 1 Toxic Plants of Veterinary and Agricultural Interest in Colombia Gonzalo J. Diaz 20 Analysis of the Toxic Amino Acid Indospicine by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Dale R. Gardner and Franklin Riet-Correa 28 Clinical and Pathological Aspects and Cerebellar Lectin Binding in Cattle Poisoned With Solanum fastigiatum var. fastigiatum and Solanum bonariense Fabiano J.F. Sant’Ana, Claudio G. Barbeito, Fabian Nishida, Eduardo J. Gimeno, José M. Verdes, Daniel Battes, Antonio Moraña, and Claudio S.L. Barros 35 Fetotoxicity of Astragalus lentiginosus (Locoweed) in Spanish Goats Stella Furlan, Kip E. Panter, James A. Pfister, and Bryan L. Stegelmeier 41 Locoweed Poisoning in the Native Grasslands of China Zhao Meng-Li, Gao Xinlei, and Han Bing 47 Locoweed Toxicity, Ecology, Control, and Management Michael H. Ralphs and Bryan L. Stegelmeier 65 Pathological Effects of Short-Term Crotalaria retusa Ingestion by Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris) Windleyanne Gonçalves Amorim Bezerra, Milzete Alves de Souza, Ruben Horn Vasconcelos, Luis Augusto Vieira Cordeiro, Jael Soares Batista, and Benito Soto-Blanco 70 Short Communication—Lithium Carbonate as a Potential Aversive Agent Leendert D. Snyman and R. Anitra Schultz 72 Western Juniper-Induced Abortions in Beef Cattle Kevin D. Welch, Dale R. Gardner, Kip E. Panter, Bryan L. Stegelmeier, Cory Parsons, James A. Pfister, and Daniel Cook Toxic Plants of Veterinary and Agricultural Interest in Colombia Gonzalo J. Diaz Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, National University of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia Corresponding author: Gonzalo Diaz, [email protected] Abstract Colombia has the second largest plant biodiversity of any country in the world, with about 25,000 species of vascular plants. This is due in part to its equatorial location, and large variation in elevation and associated gradients in temperatures and rainfall. Livestock in Colombia graze vast tracts of land with a wide variety of herbaceous and woody plants. Although the annual cattle mortality from plant poisoning in Colombia is estimated at 130,000, the economic impact on the entire livestock industry has not been fully evaluated. Information on toxic plants is scarce in Colombia, and livestock poisoning by plants is seldom documented. This review presents the current knowledge on the identity of plants known to have poisoned livestock in Colombia and on research conducted into these toxic plants. To the extent known, the toxic component(s), major clinical signs and circumstances of poisoning, location, and environmental factors are discussed. Many of the plants identified in Colombia are considered toxic on the basis of world literature, but toxicosis in Colombia has not always been documented. The information on toxic plant chemistry in Colombia is mostly limited to the plant’s nitrate or cyanide content. Research is needed to determine not only which plants represent a potential risk for animal health and production but also their phytochemistry and toxicology. It is strongly recommended that veterinarians document plant poisoning cases through government reporting services and that university and government veterinarians, scientists, and extension agents investigate episodes of plant toxicosis and publish their findings. This would help identify toxic species for further phytochemical and toxicological studies and possibly pharmacological activity. Keywords: toxic plants, Colombia, plant poisoning, livestock, pets Introduction Toxic plants affecting both large and small animals both native and naturalized (Bernal et al. 2006). This are a major concern for the practicing veterinarian biodiversity corresponds to about 8 percent of the and livestock producer in every country. In countries total vascular plants on earth, which makes the with higher plant biodiversity, the number of country the second largest in plant biodiversity in problematic toxic plants may be greater. Plant the world, the largest
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Framework for Plant Behavior Author(S): Jonathan Silvertown and Deborah M
    A Framework for Plant Behavior Author(s): Jonathan Silvertown and Deborah M. Gordon Reviewed work(s): Source: Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, Vol. 20 (1989), pp. 349-366 Published by: Annual Reviews Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2097096 . Accessed: 10/02/2012 12:56 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Annual Reviews is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. http://www.jstor.org Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 1989. 20:349-66 Copyright ? 1989 by Annual Reviews Inc. All rights reserved A FRAMEWORKFOR PLANT BEHAVIOR Jonathan Silvertown' and Deborah M. Gordon2 'BiologyDepartment, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UnitedKingdom 2Departmentof Zoology,University of Oxford,South Parks Rd, Oxford,OXI 3PS, UnitedKingdom INTRODUCTION The language of animalbehavior is being used increasinglyto describecertain plant activities such as foraging (28, 31, 56), mate choice (67), habitatchoice (51), and sex change (9, 10). Furthermore,analytical tools such as game theory, employed to model animal behavior, have also been applied to plants (e.g. 42, 54). There is some question whetherwords used to describe animal behavior, such as the word behavior itself, or foraging, can be properly applied to the activities of plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Perennial Ryegrass Straw As a Forage Source for Ruminants
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Michael J. Fisher for the degree of Master of Science in Animal Sciencepresented on July 28, 2003. Title: Evaluation of Perennial Ryegrass Strawas a Forage Source for Ruminants. Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: David W. Bohnert We conducted two experiments evaluating perennialryegrass straw as a forage source for ruminants. Experiment 1 evaluated digestion and physiological variables in steers offered perennial ryegrass straw containing increasing levels of lolitrem B. Sixteen ruminally cannulated Angus X Hereford steers (231 ± 2 kg BW)were blocked by weight and assigned randomly to one of four treatments (TRT). Steerswere provided perennial ryegrass straw at 120% of the previous 5-daverage intake. Prior to straw feeding, soybean meal (SBM) was provided (0.1% BW; CP basis) tomeet the estimated requirement for degradable intake protein. Low (L) and high(H) lolitrem B straws (<100 and 1550 ppb, respectively) were used to formulate TRT diets: LOW (100% L); LOW MIX (67% L:33% H); HIGH MIX (33% L:67% H); HIGH(100% H). Intake and digestibility of DM and OM, and ruminal pH, total VFA, andNH3-N were not affected by increasing lolitrem B concentration (P> 0.13). Ruminal indigestible ADF (IADF) fill increased linearly (P= 0.01) and JADF passage rate (%/h) decreased linearly (P = 0.04) as lolitrem B level increased. Experiment2 evaluated performance and production of 72 Angus X Herefordcows (539 ± 5 kg BW) consuming perennial ryegrass straw containing increasing levels of lolitremB during the last third of gestation. Cowswere blocked by body condition score (BCS) and randomly assigned to one of three TRT.
    [Show full text]
  • Baixar Baixar
    Iheringia Série Botânica Museu de Ciências Naturais ISSN ON-LINE 2446-8231 Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul Check-list de Malpighiaceae do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul 1 2 3 Augusto Francener , Rafael Felipe de Almeida & Renata Sebastiani 1 Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa Herbário do Estado, Av. Miguel Stéfano, 3687, CP 68041, CEP 04045-972, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. [email protected] 2 Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Avenida Transnordestina s/n, CEP44036-900, Novo Horizonte, Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil. 3 Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Campus de Araras, Via Anhanguera km 174, CP 153, CEP 13699-970, Araras, SP, Brasil. Recebido em 27.XI.2014 Aceito em 30.V.2016 DOI 10.21826/2446-8231201873s264 RESUMO – O objetivo do presente estudo foi apresentar o check-list das espécies de Malpighiaceae do estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Para tanto, foram realizadas viagens de campo e consultas às coleções ou os bancos de dados referentes a 30 herbários. Registramos 118 espécies de Malpighiaceae, representando um acréscimo de 30% a listagem anterior para este estado (86 espécies). Os gêneros mais numerosos em espécies foram Heteropterys Kunth (21), Byrsonima Rich. ex. Kunth (15) e Banisteriopsis C.B. Rob. (15), enquanto oito gêneros foram representados por apenas uma espécie cada. O bioma Cerrado apresenta a maior diversidade de Malpighiaceae (95 espécies), seguido pelo Pantanal (37 espécies) e Floresta Atlântica (14 espécies). Por outro lado, 30 espécies são novas ocorrências para este estado e nove espécies foram consideradas ameaçadas de extinção.
    [Show full text]
  • First Insights Into the Mode of Action of a "Lachrymatory Factor Synthase"
    Phytochemistry 72 (2011) 1939–1946 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Phytochemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/phytochem First insights into the mode of action of a ‘‘lachrymatory factor synthase’’ – Implications for the mechanism of lachrymator formation in Petiveria alliacea, Allium cepa and Nectaroscordum species ⇑ Quan He a, Roman Kubec b, Abhijit P. Jadhav a, Rabi A. Musah a, a Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA b Department of Applied Chemistry, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 Cˇeské Budeˇjovice, Czech Republic article info abstract Article history: A study of an enzyme that reacts with the sulfenic acid produced by the alliinase in Petiveria alliacea L. Received 16 December 2010 (Phytolaccaceae) to yield the P. alliacea lachrymator (phenylmethanethial S-oxide) showed the protein Received in revised form 11 July 2011 to be a dehydrogenase. It functions by abstracting hydride from sulfenic acids of appropriate structure Available online 15 August 2011 to form their corresponding sulfines. Successful hydride abstraction is dependent upon the presence of a benzyl group on the sulfur to stabilize the intermediate formed on abstraction of hydride. This dehy- Keywords: drogenase activity contrasts with that of the lachrymatory factor synthase (LFS) found in onion, which Petiveria alliacea catalyzes the rearrangement of 1-propenesulfenic acid to (Z)-propanethial S-oxide, the onion lachryma- Phytolaccaceae tor. Based on the type of reaction it catalyzes, the onion LFS should be classified as an isomerase and Lachrymatory factor synthase Sulfenic acid would be called a ‘‘sulfenic acid isomerase’’, whereas the P. alliacea LFS would be termed a ‘‘sulfenic acid Sulfenic acid dehydrogenase dehydrogenase’’.
    [Show full text]
  • Interactions of Insecticidal Spider Peptide Neurotoxins with Insect Voltage- and Neurotransmitter-Gated Ion Channels
    Interactions of insecticidal spider peptide neurotoxins with insect voltage- and neurotransmitter-gated ion channels (Molecular representation of - HXTX-Hv1c including key binding residues, adapted from Gunning et al, 2008) PhD Thesis Monique J. Windley UTS 2012 CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORSHIP/ORIGINALITY I certify that the work in this thesis has not previously been submitted for a degree nor has it been submitted as part of requirements for a degree except as fully acknowledged within the text. I also certify that the thesis has been written by me. Any help that I have received in my research work and the preparation of the thesis itself has been acknowledged. In addition, I certify that all information sources and literature used are indicated in the thesis. Monique J. Windley 2012 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are many people who I would like to thank for contributions made towards the completion of this thesis. Firstly, I would like to thank my supervisor Prof. Graham Nicholson for his guidance and persistence throughout this project. I would like to acknowledge his invaluable advice, encouragement and his neverending determination to find a solution to any problem. He has been a valuable mentor and has contributed immensely to the success of this project. Next I would like to thank everyone at UTS who assisted in the advancement of this research. Firstly, I would like to acknowledge Phil Laurance for his assistance in the repair and modification of laboratory equipment. To all the laboratory and technical staff, particulary Harry Simpson and Stan Yiu for the restoration and sourcing of equipment - thankyou. I would like to thank Dr Mike Johnson for his continual assistance, advice and cheerful disposition.
    [Show full text]
  • Malpighiaceae De Colombia: Patrones De Distribución, Riqueza, Endemismo Y Diversidad Filogenética
    DARWINIANA, nueva serie 9(1): 39-54. 2021 Versión de registro, efectivamente publicada el 16 de marzo de 2021 DOI: 10.14522/darwiniana.2021.91.923 ISSN 0011-6793 impresa - ISSN 1850-1699 en línea MALPIGHIACEAE DE COLOMBIA: PATRONES DE DISTRIBUCIÓN, RIQUEZA, ENDEMISMO Y DIVERSIDAD FILOGENÉTICA Diego Giraldo-Cañas ID Herbario Nacional Colombiano (COL), Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D. C., Colombia; [email protected] (autor corresponsal). Abstract. Giraldo-Cañas, D. 2021. Malpighiaceae from Colombia: Patterns of distribution, richness, endemism, and phylogenetic diversity. Darwiniana, nueva serie 9(1): 39-54. Malpighiaceae constitutes a family of 77 genera and ca. 1300 species, distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of both hemispheres. They are mainly diversified in the American continent and distributed in a wide range of habitats and altitudinal gradients. For this reason, this family can be a model plant group to ecological and biogeographical analyses, as well as evolutive studies. In this context, an analysis of distribution, richness, endemism and phylogenetic diversity of Malpighiaceae in natural regions and their altitudinal gradients was undertaken. Malpighiaceae are represented in Colombia by 34 genera and 246 species (19.1% of endemism). Thus, Colombia and Brazil (44 genera, 584 species, 61% of endemism) are the two richest countries on species of this family. The highest species richness and endemism in Colombia is found in the lowlands (0-500 m a.s.l.: 212 species, 28 endemics); only ten species are distributed on highlands (2500-3200 m a.s.l.). Of the Malpighiaceae species in Colombia, Heteropterys leona and Stigmaphyllon bannisterioides have a disjunct amphi-Atlantic distribution, and six other species show intra-American disjunctions.
    [Show full text]
  • ORNAMENTAL GARDEN PLANTS of the GUIANAS: an Historical Perspective of Selected Garden Plants from Guyana, Surinam and French Guiana
    f ORNAMENTAL GARDEN PLANTS OF THE GUIANAS: An Historical Perspective of Selected Garden Plants from Guyana, Surinam and French Guiana Vf•-L - - •• -> 3H. .. h’ - — - ' - - V ' " " - 1« 7-. .. -JZ = IS^ X : TST~ .isf *“**2-rt * * , ' . / * 1 f f r m f l r l. Robert A. DeFilipps D e p a r t m e n t o f B o t a n y Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. \ 1 9 9 2 ORNAMENTAL GARDEN PLANTS OF THE GUIANAS Table of Contents I. Map of the Guianas II. Introduction 1 III. Basic Bibliography 14 IV. Acknowledgements 17 V. Maps of Guyana, Surinam and French Guiana VI. Ornamental Garden Plants of the Guianas Gymnosperms 19 Dicotyledons 24 Monocotyledons 205 VII. Title Page, Maps and Plates Credits 319 VIII. Illustration Credits 321 IX. Common Names Index 345 X. Scientific Names Index 353 XI. Endpiece ORNAMENTAL GARDEN PLANTS OF THE GUIANAS Introduction I. Historical Setting of the Guianan Plant Heritage The Guianas are embedded high in the green shoulder of northern South America, an area once known as the "Wild Coast". They are the only non-Latin American countries in South America, and are situated just north of the Equator in a configuration with the Amazon River of Brazil to the south and the Orinoco River of Venezuela to the west. The three Guianas comprise, from west to east, the countries of Guyana (area: 83,000 square miles; capital: Georgetown), Surinam (area: 63, 037 square miles; capital: Paramaribo) and French Guiana (area: 34, 740 square miles; capital: Cayenne). Perhaps the earliest physical contact between Europeans and the present-day Guianas occurred in 1500 when the Spanish navigator Vincente Yanez Pinzon, after discovering the Amazon River, sailed northwest and entered the Oyapock River, which is now the eastern boundary of French Guiana.
    [Show full text]
  • Patterns of Plant Diversity and Endemism in Namibia
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Stellenbosch University SUNScholar Repository Bothalia 36,2: 175-189(2006) Patterns of plant diversity and endemism in Namibia P. CRAVEN* and P VORSTER** Keywords: Namibia, phytogeography, plant endemism ABSTRACT Species richness, endemism and areas that are rich in both species and endemic species were assessed and mapped for Namibia. High species diversity corresponds with zones where species overlap. These are particularly obvious where there are altitudinal variations and in high-lying areas. The endemic flora o f Namibia is rich and diverse. An estimated 16% of the total plant species in Namibia are endemic to the country. Endemics are in a wide variety o f families and sixteen genera are endemic. Factors that increase the likelihood o f endemism are mountains, hot deserts, diversity o f substrates and microclimates. The distribution of plants endemic to Namibia was arranged in three different ways. Firstly, based on a grid count with the phytogeographic value of the species being equal, overall endemism was mapped. Secondly, range restricted plant species were mapped individually and those with congruent distribution patterns were combined. Thirdly, localities that are important for very range-restricted species were identified. The resulting maps of endemism and diversity were compared and found to correspond in many localities. When overall endemism is compared with overall diversity, rich localities may consist o f endemic species with wide ranges. The other methods identify important localities with their own distinctive complement of species. INTRODUCTION (1994). It was based on distributional data per magiste­ rial district following Merxmiiller (1966-1972), as well Species diversity was traditionally measured by count­ as other literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnobotanical Study on Wild Edible Plants Used by Three Trans-Boundary Ethnic Groups in Jiangcheng County, Pu’Er, Southwest China
    Ethnobotanical study on wild edible plants used by three trans-boundary ethnic groups in Jiangcheng County, Pu’er, Southwest China Yilin Cao Agriculture Service Center, Zhengdong Township, Pu'er City, Yunnan China ren li ( [email protected] ) Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0810-0359 Shishun Zhou Shoutheast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Liang Song Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Intergrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ruichang Quan Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Huabin Hu CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Keywords: wild edible plants, trans-boundary ethnic groups, traditional knowledge, conservation and sustainable use, Jiangcheng County Posted Date: September 29th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-40805/v2 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published on October 27th, 2020. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-020-00420-1. Page 1/35 Abstract Background: Dai, Hani, and Yao people, in the trans-boundary region between China, Laos, and Vietnam, have gathered plentiful traditional knowledge about wild edible plants during their long history of understanding and using natural resources. The ecologically rich environment and the multi-ethnic integration provide a valuable foundation and driving force for high biodiversity and cultural diversity in this region.
    [Show full text]
  • Petiveria Alliacea
    Fitoterapia 76 (2005) 599–607 www.elsevier.com/locate/fitote Leaf and stem morphoanatomy of Petiveria alliacea M.R. Duarte a,*, J.F. Lopes b a Laborato´rio de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farma´cia, Universidade Federal do Parana´, Rua Pref. Lotha´rio Meissner, 3400, CEP 80210-170, Curitiba, Parana´, Brazil b Scholarship student of PIBIC/CNPq, Universidade Federal do Parana´, Rua Pref. Lotha´rio Meissner, 3400, CEP 80210-170, Curitiba, Parana´, Brazil Received 17 January 2005; accepted 16 May 2005 Available online 19 October 2005 Abstract Petiveria alliacea is a perennial herb native to the Amazonian region and used in traditional medicine for different purposes, such as diuretic, antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory. The morphoanatomical characterization of the leaf and stem was carried out, in order to contribute to the medicinal plant identification. The plant material was fixed, freehand sectioned and stained either with toluidine blue or astra blue and basic fuchsine. Microchemical tests were also applied. The leaf is simple, alternate and elliptic. The blade exhibits paracytic stomata on the abaxial side, non-glandular trichomes and dorsiventral mesophyll. The midrib is biconvex and the petiole is plain-convex, both traversed by collateral vascular bundles adjoined with sclerenchymatic caps. The stem, in incipient secondary growth, presents epidermis, angular collenchyma, starch sheath and collateral vascular organization. Several prisms of calcium oxalate are seen in the leaf and stem. D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Petiveria alliacea; Morphoanatomy * Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (M.R. Duarte). 0367-326X/$ - see front matter D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Potential of Forage Kochia and Other Plant Materials in Reclamation of Gardner Saltbush Ecosystems Invaded by Halogeton
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-2015 Potential of Forage Kochia and Other Plant Materials in Reclamation of Gardner Saltbush Ecosystems Invaded by Halogeton Rob C. Smith Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Plant Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Smith, Rob C., "Potential of Forage Kochia and Other Plant Materials in Reclamation of Gardner Saltbush Ecosystems Invaded by Halogeton" (2015). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 4367. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4367 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. POTENTIAL OF FORAGE KOCHIA AND OTHER PLANT MATERIALS IN RECLAMATION OF GARDNER SALTBUSH ECOSYSTEMS INVADED BY HALOGETON by Rob C. Smith A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Plant Science Approved: __________________________ __________________________ J. Earl Creech Blair L. Waldron Major Professor Committee Member __________________________ __________________________ Dale R. ZoBell Mark R. McLellan Committee Member Vice President for Research and Dean of the School of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2015 ii Copyright © Rob C. Smith 2015 All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Potential of Forage Kochia and Other Plant Materials in Reclamation of Gardner Saltbush Ecosystems Invaded by Halogeton by Rob C. Smith, Master of Science Utah State University, 2015 Major Professor: Dr. J. Earl Creech Department: Plants, Soils, and Climate Gardner saltbush ecosystems are increasingly being invaded by halogeton [Halogeton glomeratus (M.
    [Show full text]
  • App-F3-Ecology.Pdf
    June 2016 ZITHOLELE CONSULTING (PTY) LTD Terrestrial Ecosystems Assessment for the proposed Kendal 30 Year Ash Dump Project for Eskom Holdings (Revision 1) Submitted to: Zitholele Consulting Pty (Ltd) Report Number: 13615277-12416-2 (Rev1) Distribution: REPORT 1 x electronic copy Zitholele Consulting (Pty) Ltd 1 x electronic copy e-Library 1 x electronic copy project folder TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS ASSESSMENT - ESKOM HOLDINGS Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Site Location ........................................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 PART A OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................................................ 2 3.0 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................................ 2 4.0 ECOLOGICAL BASELINE CONDITIONS ............................................................................................................ 2 4.1 General Biophysical Environment ............................................................................................................ 2 4.1.1 Grassland biome................................................................................................................................ 3 4.1.2 Eastern Highveld
    [Show full text]