DOCSLIB.ORG

Paranagama Chairman

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Paranagama Chairman REPORT On the Second Mandate Of the Presidential Commission of Inquiry Into Complaints of Abductions and Disappearances August 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms 9/11 11th September 2001 Twin Tower attacks in New York AGA Additional Government Agent ATM Automated Teller Machine CARE Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere CAT Convention against torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment CCHA Consultative Committee on Humanitarian Assistance CDS Chief of Defence Staff CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women CFA Ceasefire Agreement CGES Commissioner General of Essential Services CID Criminal Investigation Department CRC Convention on the Rights the Child DMI Director Military Intelligence DS Divisional Secretariat ENDLF Eelam National Democratic Liberation Front EPDP Eelam People’s Democratic Party EPRLF Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front FBI Federal Bureau of Investigations FCO Foreign Commonwealth Office FDL Forward Defence Line FTR Family Tracing and Reunification Unit GA Government Agent GN Grama Niladhari GOSL Government of Sri Lanka GPS Global Positioning System GSL Government of Sri Lanka HR Human Rights HRCSL Human Rights Commission of Sri Lanka i HRW Human Rights Watch HSZ High Security Zone IAAC Inter-Agency Advisory Committee ICC International Criminal Court ICC-NHRI International Coordinating Committee of National Human Rights Institutions ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ICG International Crisis Group ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross ICTR International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda ICTY International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia ICJ International Court of Justice IDP Internally Displaced Person IHL International Humanitarian Law IIGEP International Independent Group of Eminent Persons IMF International Monetary Fund INGO International Non-Governmental Organization IOM International Organization for Migration IS Islamic State JOC Joint Operations Command JVP Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna or People’s Liberation Front KKS Kankesanthurai LRRP Long Range Reconnaissance Patrols LLRC Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Commission LST Law & Society Trust LTTE Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (also known as the ―Tamil Tigers‖) MBRL Multi-Barrel Rocket Launchers MOD Ministry of Defence MPCS Multi-Purpose Cooperative Societies MSF Medecins Sans Frontieres NCO Non-Commissioned Officer ii NGO Non-governmental Organization NFZ No Fire Zone NSC National Security Council NHRI National Human Rights Institution OHCHR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights OLA Office of Legal Affairs PHI Public Health Inspector PLOTE People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam PSO Public Security Ordinance, No. 25 of 1947 PTA Prevention of Terrorism (Temporary Provisions) Act. No.48 of 1979 PTF Presidential Task Force for Resettlement, Development and Security in the Northern Province PTK Puthukkudiyiruppu RDS Rural Development Society REPPIA Rehabilitation of Persons, Properties and Industries Authority RPG Rocket propelled grenade RUF Revolutionary United Front SBS Special Boat Squadron SCOPP Secretariat for Coordinating the Peace Process SCSL Special Court for Sierra Leone SEZ Special Economic Zone SFHQ Security Forces Headquarters SIHRN Sub Committee for Immediate Humanitarian Needs SIOT Special Infantry Operations Team SLA Sri Lankan Army SLAF Sri Lankan Air Force SLMM Sri Lanka Monitoring Mission SLN Sri Lankan Navy SOCA Serious Organised Crime Agency STF Special Task Force TELO Tamil Eelam Liberation Organisation iii TID Terrorist Investigation Department TMVP Tamil Makkal Viduthalai Pulikal TRC Truth and Reconciliation Commission TRO Organization Tamale de Rehabilitation TYP Tamil Youth Organisation UAV Unmanned aerial vehicle UN United Nations UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNOCHA UN Office of the Coordinator for Humanitarian Affairs UN RC/HC UN Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator UPFA United People’s Freedom Alliance USG United States Government Wanni Term for the four northern districts of Sri Lanka including Vavuniya, Mannar, Jaffna and Trincomalee. WFP World Food Program iv Acknowledgements In presenting this Report of our Commission to His Excellency the President I, as Chairman, wish to place on record my grateful thanks to all those who played a part in making this Report possible. Of course, my thanks go out to my hard working staff whose efforts to meet their deadlines were faced cheerfully and with diligence. I owe a deep debt of gratitude to Mrs. Mano Ramanathan, Mrs. Priyanthi Suranjana Vidyaratne, my fellow Commissioners who found time to deal with the enlarged mandate of the Commission whilst also endeavouring to meet our commitments to dealing with the subject matter of the original mandate. Given the enlargement of the mandate by President Rajapaksa on the 15 July 2014 which dealt in large part with the facts and circumstances attending the internal armed conflict that ended on 19 May 2009 and in particular called for all examination of the possible violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law, we the Commission are greatly indebted to the expert assistance we had touching upon complex issues of international law which we the Commission found threw a great flood of new light upon the matters that fell to us for consideration. My colleagues and I owe a particular debt of gratitude to the Right Honourable Sir Desmond de Silva, QC. (UK) who was Chairman of the legal Advisory Council together with Professor Sir Geoffrey Nice QC. (UK), Professor David M. Crane (USA), all of whom contributed specific legal opinions that collectively became a legal bedrock of this Report. The final distillation of the law was that of the Chairman of the Advisory Council working together with the members of the Commission. The Advisory Council was ably supported by Mr. Rodney Dixon, QC. (UK/ South Africa), Professor Michael Newton (USA) Vanderbilt University who formerly served as the Senior Advisor to the United States Ambassador-at-Large for War Crimes, Commander William Fenrick (Canada), Professor Nina Jorgensen of Harvard and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, and Major General John Holmes, DSO, OBE, MC (UK) former Commanding Officer of the Special Air Service (SAS), for whose independent Military Report we are greatly indebted. We include Mr. Paul Mylvaganam (UK), who acted as a liaison Counsel and his help with regard to truth and reconciliation matters. Our grateful thanks go to Victoria de Silva and Delarney Uyangodage for their research and help in preparing this Report. No acknowledgement would be complete without the most grateful thanks being extended to the Secretary of the Commission, Mr H W Gunadasa who together with senior staff members and the entire secretarial staff performed their duties with great efficiency and dedication. Their names are appended at the back of this Report. Maxwell Paranagama Chairman v Table of Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms .................................................................................................. i Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. v Mandate .................................................................................................................................. xii Methodology ........................................................................................................................... xv Executive Summary ........................................................................................................... xviii The Darusman Report .................................................................................................. xviii Number of civilian deaths ................................................................................................ xix Application of the Principles of Distinction and Proportionality .................................... xx Deliberate attacks against civilians ................................................................................ xxi The LTTE’s Use of Human Shields ................................................................................ xxii Overall Conduct of the LTTE ....................................................................................... xxiii Overall Conduct of Government Forces ....................................................................... xxiv Command Responsibility ................................................................................................ xxv Accountability ............................................................................................................... xxvii CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2 - THE 2011 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL’S PANEL OF EXPERTS ............................................................................................................................... 11 A. The Standard of Proof Adopted in the Darusman Report .................................. 12 B. The Accepted Facts in the Darusman Report ....................................................... 13 C. The Darusman Report’s Failure to Identify Primary Source Material ............. 17 D. The Disputed Facts and Law in the Darusman Report ....................................... 19 The Myth of 40,000 Civilians Killed in the Final Phase of the War
Load more

Recommended publications
  • In the Course of My Researches Into the Emergence
    II Wednesday 11th January, 2012 BY MICHAEL ROBERTS n the course of my researches into the emergence of Ceylonese nationalism in the British period, I Idelved in considerable detail into an event that was referred to then as "the 1915 riots" - the term "riots" in South Asia being a mechanical reproduc- tion of the terminology of the British legal lexicon to describe affrays of all sorts. In 1915 this short- hand phrase referred to the assaults on the Mohammedan Moors (as they were called then) in work- the south-western quadrant by elements of the ing Sinhalese population (Roberts 1981). Amidst the secretly complex processes that promoted this outbreak let in LTTE me isolate a particular factor: a critical force inspir- territory ing the attacks was the incitement by those whom I from 2007 or have referred to as "stirrers" (Kannangara 1984; 2008 and that Roberts 1981; 1994a). Nick Paton The outbreak of the July 1983 pogrom against Walsh entered Tamils living in the south-western and central Sri Lanka to regions of Sri Lanka encouraged scholars to rede- complete the fine such events as "pogroms." On this occasion too, final phase of this anecdotal testimony from friends and the article by cooperation; but Valli Kanapathypillai (1990) indicate that incitement was deemed suspect by a diverse body of chauvinist stirrers was one fac- and unceremoniously tor behind a campaign that legitimised the terror turned out by the Sri wrought by depicting these activities as acts that Lankan government in would "teach Tamils a lesson." May 2009 - a humiliating Dwelling on some anecdotal tales I was motivated outcome which added in the 1990s to pen a literary essay of protest against revenge to the other motiva- the horrendous acts of July 1983: The Agony and tions promoting Channel 4s Ecstasy of a Pogrom: Southern Lanka, July 1983, commitment to the Tiger cause This article was written during a lonely sojourn in and its targeting of the Sri Charlottesville, Virginia where my isolation promot- Lankan government for a public ed reflexivity.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAP 9 Sri Lanka
    79o 00' 79o 30' 80o 00' 80o 30' 81o 00' 81o 30' 82o 00' Kankesanturai Point Pedro A I Karaitivu I. Jana D Peninsula N Kayts Jana SRI LANKA I Palk Strait National capital Ja na Elephant Pass Punkudutivu I. Lag Provincial capital oon Devipattinam Delft I. Town, village Palk Bay Kilinochchi Provincial boundary - Puthukkudiyiruppu Nanthi Kadal Main road Rameswaram Iranaitivu Is. Mullaittivu Secondary road Pamban I. Ferry Vellankulam Dhanushkodi Talaimannar Manjulam Nayaru Lagoon Railroad A da m' Airport s Bridge NORTHERN Nedunkeni 9o 00' Kokkilai Lagoon Mannar I. Mannar Puliyankulam Pulmoddai Madhu Road Bay of Bengal Gulf of Mannar Silavatturai Vavuniya Nilaveli Pankulam Kebitigollewa Trincomalee Horuwupotana r Bay Medawachchiya diya A d o o o 8 30' ru 8 30' v K i A Karaitivu I. ru Hamillewa n a Mutur Y Pomparippu Anuradhapura Kantalai n o NORTH CENTRAL Kalpitiya o g Maragahewa a Kathiraveli L Kal m a Oy a a l a t t Puttalam Kekirawa Habarane u 8o 00' P Galgamuwa 8o 00' NORTH Polonnaruwa Dambula Valachchenai Anamaduwa a y O Mundal Maho a Chenkaladi Lake r u WESTERN d Batticaloa Naula a M uru ed D Ganewatta a EASTERN g n Madura Oya a G Reservoir Chilaw i l Maha Oya o Kurunegala e o 7 30' w 7 30' Matale a Paddiruppu h Kuliyapitiya a CENTRAL M Kehelula Kalmunai Pannala Kandy Mahiyangana Uhana Randenigale ya Amparai a O a Mah Reservoir y Negombo Kegalla O Gal Tirrukkovil Negombo Victoria Falls Reservoir Bibile Senanayake Lagoon Gampaha Samudra Ja-Ela o a Nuwara Badulla o 7 00' ng 7 00' Kelan a Avissawella Eliya Colombo i G Sri Jayewardenepura
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the Secretary-General's
    REPORT OF THE SECRETARY -GENERAL ’S INTERNAL REVIEW PANEL ON UNITED NATIONS ACTION IN SRI LANKA November 2012 Contents I. The Secretary-General’s Internal Review Panel ............................................................................. 4 II. The events and United Nations actions ………………………………………………………......... 5 A. Lead up to the final stages 2007/2008............................................................................................ 5 B. The Final stages – August 2008/May 2009 ................................................................................... 8 C. The Aftermath – May 2009 onward................................................................................................ 14 III. Assessment of United Nations action to meet its protection and humanitarian responsibilities in Sri Lanka ………………................................................................................................................. 17 A. Assessment of UN action: dilemmas and responsibilities ..………………………....................... 17 1. Relocation …………………………………………………………………………................ 17 2. Humanitarian access and obstructions to humanitarian assistance ………………................. 18 3. International human rights and humanitarian law in protection and humanitarian action ...... 18 4. Oversight, management and coordination of United Nations action and responsibilities ...... 22 5. UN political engagement and the responsibilities of Member States …….............................. 24 6. UN failure …………………………………………………………………...........................
    [Show full text]
  • Tigers' George Master Exposed by Japanese Emb. Interpreter
    The Island Home News Friday 14th January, 2011 3 DEVELOPMENT FORTUNE JATHIKA Draw No: 1259 MAHAJANA SATURDAY VASANA SAMPATHA JAYAVIRU SUPIRI VASANA Date 11-01-2011 JAYODA SAMPATHA FORTUNE SAMPATHA GOVI SETHA JANA JAYA Main Draw Draw No: 90 Date:12-01-2011 SAMPATHA Zodiac -Aquarius Date:06-12-2010 Date: 11-01 - 2011 Date 25-12-2010 Date: 08-01-2011 Date: 13-01-2011 Date:06-12-2010 Date: 14-11-2010 Winning Nos: Date 12-01-2011 Draw No. 545 20 - 21 - 31 - 35 Winning Nos: Draw No. 2343 Bonus No 62 Draw No. 583 Draw No. 852 Draw No. 784 Super No. 11 Lucky No. 04 Winning Nos : Second Chance Super No. 22 Bonus No. 40 14 - 52 - 59 - 64 Zodiac symbol - Sagittarius R-03-07-23-37 Winning No: Winning No: Winning Nos: T-06-18-32-58 Winning Nos: G- 46- 50- 52- 54 Q-13-26-32-33 06-14-31-56 Z -13-20-38- 69 10 - 30- 41 - 55 Z-3-6-9-4-3-5 V-5-5-2-2-9 Rains cause over Tigers’ George Master exposed Rs. 500 mn in damages to roads by Japanese emb. interpreter The damage caused to the country’s road network, due to the recent rains P’KARAN’S SON JOINED FINAL At that particular meeting the Japanese had their Apropos a meeting with Indian High Commission and floods, has been estimated at Rs 500 BATTLE FROM LONDON own interpreter to ensure that they would know what Political Chief Taranjit Sandhu on April 24, 2003,the million, Deputy Minister of Higways LTTE leader Velupillai Prabhakaran’s son, the LTTE really meant.
    [Show full text]
  • The Way Ahead in Sri Lanka
    ch ar F se o e u R n r d e a v t r i e o s n b O ORF Discourse Vol.1 ● No.2 ● November 2006 Published by Observer Research Foundation, New Delhi The Way Ahead in Sri Lanka Summary of an interaction organised by ORF (Chennai) on September 2, 2006 f the stalemated war produced a truce, the stalemated victories in conventional warfare. SLAF is no longer a peace ever since the Sri Lankan Government and ‘ceremonial army’ and its soldiers are ‘children of war’, Ithe Liberation Tigers Tamil Elam signed a cease-fi re and trained in that environment. The LTTE, on the other agreement (CFA) in February 2002 has contributed to the hand, may already be facing cadre-shortage, mainly due revival of violence in the island-nation. The deteriorating to the ‘Karuna rebellion’ in the East and, possibly, because ground situation has been accompanied by repeated calls of large-scale migration of ‘Jaffna Tamils’ ever since the from the Sri Lankan parties for greater Indian involvement ‘ethnic war’ began in the early Eighties. in the peace-making efforts. On the political side, President Mahinda Rajapakse To evaluate the developments, the Chennai Chapter has shown signs of working for a ‘Southern consensus’, of the Observer Research Foundation (ORF-C), which which is a pre-requisite for any peace plan to succeed. is specialising in ‘Sri Lanka Studies, among other issues, The Opposition United National Party (UNP), although it organised a seminar on September 2, 2006 in which rejected his offer for a national government, has offered to participants and discussants focussed on the military cooperate with the `Southern consensus’ initiative.
    [Show full text]
  • Name List of Sworn Translators in Sri Lanka
    MINISTRY OF JUSTICE Sworn Translator Appointments Details 1/29/2021 Year / Month Full Name Address NIC NO District Court Tel No Languages November Rasheed.H.M. 76,1st Cross Jaffna Sinhala - Tamil Street,Ninthavur 12 Sinhala - English Sivagnanasundaram.S. 109,4/2,Collage Colombo Sinhala - Tamil Street,Kotahena,Colombo 13 Sinhala - English Dreyton senaratna 45,Old kalmunai Baticaloa Sinhala - Tamil Road,Kalladi,Batticaloa Sinhala - English 1977 November P.M. Thilakarathne Chilaw 0777892610 Sinhala - English P.M. Thilakarathne kirimathiyana East, Chilaw English - Sinhala Lunuwilla. S.D. Cyril Sadanayake 26, De silva Road, 331490350V Kalutara 0771926906 English - Sinhala Atabagoda, Panadura 1979 July D.A. vincent Colombo 0776738956 English - Sinhala 1 1/29/2021 Year / Month Full Name Address NIC NO District Court Tel No Languages 1992 July H.M.D.A. Herath 28, Kolawatta, veyangda 391842205V Gampaha 0332233032 Sinhala - English 2000 June W.A. Somaratna 12, sanasa Square, Gampaha 0332224351 English - Sinhala Gampaha 2004 July kalaichelvi Niranjan 465/1/2, Havelock Road, Colombo English - Tamil Colombo 06 2008 May saroja indrani weeratunga 1E9 ,Jayawardanagama, colombo English - battaramulla Sinhala - 2008 September Saroja Indrani Weeratunga 1/E/9, Jayawadanagama, Colombo Sinhala - English Battaramulla 2011 July P. Maheswaran 41/B, Ammankovil Road, Kalmunai English - Sinhala Kalmunai -2 Tamil - K.O. Nanda Karunanayake 65/2, Church Road, Gampaha 0718433122 Sinhala - English Gampaha 2011 November J.D. Gunarathna "Shantha", Kalutara 0771887585 Sinhala - English Kandawatta,Mulatiyana, Agalawatta. 2 1/29/2021 Year / Month Full Name Address NIC NO District Court Tel No Languages 2012 January B.P. Eranga Nadeshani Maheshika 35, Sri madhananda 855162954V Panadura 0773188790 English - French Mawatha, Panadura 0773188790 Sinhala - 2013 Khan.C.M.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Endgame in Sri Lanka Ajit Kumar Singh*
    Endgame in Sri Lanka Ajit Kumar Singh* If we do not end war – war will end us. Everybody says that, millions of people believe it, and nobody does anything. – H.G. Wells 1 The Sri Lankan President Mahinda Rajapakse finally ended the Eelam War2 in May 2009 – though, perhaps, not in the manner many would desire. So determined was the President that he had told Roland Buerk of the BBC in an interview published on February 21, 2007, “I don't want to pass this problem on to the next generation.”3 Though the final phase of open war4 began on January 16, 2008, following the January 2 unilateral withdrawal of the Government of Sri Lanka (GoSL) from the Norway-brokered * Ajit Kumar Singh, Research Fellow, Institute for Conflict Management 1 Things to Come (The film story), Part III, adapted from his 1933 novel The Shape of Things to Come, spoken by the character John Cabal. 2 The civil war in Sri Lanka can be divided into four phases: Eelam War I between 1983 and 1987, Eelam War II between 1990-1994, Eelam War III between 1995-2001, and Eelam War IV between 2006-2009. See Muttukrishna Sarvananthaa in “Economy of the Conflict Region in Sri Lanka: From Embargo to Repression”, Policy Studies 44, East-West Centre, http://www.eastwestcenter.org/fileadmin/stored/pdfs/ps044.pdf. 3 “No end in sight to Sri Lanka conflict”, February 21, 2007, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6382787.stm. 4 Amantha Perera, “Sri Lanka: Open War”, South Asia Intelligence Review, Volume 6, No.28, http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/sair/Archives/6_28.htm#assessment1.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the OHCHR Investigation on Sri Lanka (OISL)* **
    A/HRC/30/CRP.2 Advance Version Distr.: Restricted 16 September 2015 English only Human Rights Council Thirtieth session Agenda item 2 Annual report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and reports of the Office of the High Commissioner and the Secretary-General Report of the OHCHR Investigation on Sri Lanka (OISL)* ** * Reproduced as received ** The information contained in this document should be read in conjunction with the report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights- Promoting reconciliation, accountability and human rights in Sri Lanka (A/HRC/30/61). A/HRC/30/CRP.2 Contents Paragraphs Page Part 1 I. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1–13 5 II. Establishment of the OHCHR Investigation on Sri Lanka (OISL), mandate and methodology ............................................................................................................. 14–46 7 III. Contextual background ........................................................................................... 47–103 12 IV. Overview of Government, LTTE and other armed groups...................................... 104–170 22 V. Legal framework ..................................................................................................... 171–208 36 Part 2– Thematic Chapters VI. Unlawful killings ..................................................................................................... 209–325 47 VII. Violations related to the
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the Secretary-General's Panel Of
    REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL’S PANEL OF EXPERTS ON ACCOUNTABILITY IN SRI LANKA 31 March 2011 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL’S PANEL OF EXPERTS ON ACCOUNTABILITY IN SRI LANKA Executive Summary On 22 June 2010, the Secretary-General announced the appointment of a Panel of Experts to advise him on the implementation of the joint commitment included in the statement issued by the President of Sri Lanka and the Secretary-General at the conclusion of the Secretary-General’s visit to Sri Lanka on 23 March 2009. In the Joint Statement, the Secretary-General “underlined the importance of an accountability process”, and the Government of Sri Lanka agreed that it “will take measures to address those grievances”. The Panel’s mandate is to advise the Secretary- General regarding the modalities, applicable international standards and comparative experience relevant to an accountability process, having regard to the nature and scope of alleged violations of international humanitarian and human rights law during the final stages of the armed conflict in Sri Lanka. The Secretary-General appointed as members of the Panel Marzuki Darusman (Indonesia), Chair; Steven Ratner (United States); and Yasmin Sooka (South Africa). The Panel formally commenced its work on 16 September 2010 and was assisted throughout by a secretariat. Framework for the Panel’s work In order to understand the accountability obligations arising from the last stages of the war, the Panel undertook an assessment of the “nature and scope of alleged violations” as required by its Terms of Reference. The Panel’s mandate however does not extend to fact- finding or investigation.
    [Show full text]
  • Transitional Justice for Women Ex-Combatants in Sri Lanka
    Transitional Justice for Women Ex-Combatants in Sri Lanka Nirekha De Silva Transitional Justice for Women Ex-Combatants in Sri Lanka Copyright© WISCOMP Foundation for Universal Responsibility Of His Holiness The Dalai Lama, New Delhi, India, 2006. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Published by WISCOMP Foundation for Universal Responsibility Of His Holiness The Dalai Lama Core 4A, UGF, India Habitat Centre Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India This initiative was made possible by a grant from the Ford Foundation. The views expressed are those of the author. They do not necessarily reflect those of WISCOMP or the Foundation for Universal Responsibility of HH The Dalai Lama, nor are they endorsed by them. 2 Contents Acknowledgements 5 Preface 7 Introduction 9 Methodology 11 List of Abbreviations 13 Civil War in Sri Lanka 14 Army Women 20 LTTE Women 34 Peace and the process of Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration 45 Human Needs and Human Rights in Reintegration 55 Psychological Barriers in Reintegration 68 Social Adjustment to Civil Life 81 Available Mechanisms 87 Recommendations 96 Directory of Available Resources 100 • Counselling Centres 100 • Foreign Recruitment 102 • Local Recruitment 132 • Vocational Training 133 • Financial Resources 160 • Non-Government Organizations (NGO’s) 163 Bibliography 199 List of People Interviewed 204 3 4 Acknowledgements I am grateful to Dr. Meenakshi Gopinath and Sumona DasGupta of Women in Security, Conflict Management and Peace (WISCOMP), India, for offering the Scholar for Peace Fellowship in 2005.
    [Show full text]
  • THE CEYLON GOVERNMENT GAZETTE No
    THE CEYLON GOVERNMENT GAZETTE No. 10,462 —FRIDAY, OCTOBER 10, 1052 Published by Authority PART VI-LIST OF JURORS AND ASSESSORS (Separate paying is given to each P ait m order that it mat/ be filed separately) MIDLAND CIRCUIT 26 Amaradasa, Balage Wilson, Teamaker, Atta- bagie Group, Gampola CENTRAL PROVINCE— Kandy District 27 Ambalavanar, P., Head Clerk, National Bank of India Ltd , Kandy LIST of persons in the Central Province, residing 28 Am banpola, D. G , Clerk, D R. C., P. W. D., within a line of 30 miles radius from Kandy or 3 miles K a rd y of a Railway Station, who are qualified to serve as 29 Amerasekera, Karunagala Pathiranage Jurors and Assessors at Kandy, under the provision of Suwaris, Teacher, Dharmara.ia College, the Criminal Procedure Code for the year July, 1952, K andy to June, 1953. • 11 30 Amerasekera, Verahennidege Ariya, Man­ N B.— The Jurors numbered m a separate senes, on ager, Phoenix Studio, Ward Street, the left of those indicating Ordinary Jurors, are qualified K andy to serve as Special Jurors. 12 31 Amerasekera, Alexander Merrill, Superin­ tendent, Coolbawa, Nawalapitiya 13 32 Amerasekera, Eric Mervyn, Proprietory ENGLISH-SPEAKING JURORS Planter, Rest Harrow, Wattegama I Abdeen, M L. J., Landed Proprietor, 39, 33 Amerasinghe, Arthur Michael Perera, Illawatura, Gampola Superintendent, Pilessa, Mawatagama 1 2 Abdeen, O. Z., Landed Proprietor, • 68/5, 14 34 Amerasinghe, R. M., Teacher, St. Sylvesters Illawatura, Gampola College, Kandy 3 Abdeen, E. S. Z., Head Clerk, 218, Kandy 15 35 Amukotuwa, Nandasoma, Proprietory Road, Gampola Planter, Herondale Estate, Nawalapitiya 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Humanitarian Operation Factual Analysis July 2006 – May 2009
    HUMANITARIAN OPERATION FACTUAL ANALYSIS JULY 2006 – MAY 2009 MINISTRY OF DEFENCE DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA HUMANITARIAN OPERATION FACTUAL ANALYSIS JULY 2006 – MAY 2009 MINISTRY OF DEFENCE JULY 2011 DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA Humanitarian Operation—Factual Analysis TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 A. Overview of this Report 1 B. Overview of the Humanitarian Operation 1 PART ONE II. BACKGROUND 4 A. Overview of the LTTE 4 B. LTTE Atrocities against Civilians 6 C. Use of Child Soldiers by the LTTE 10 D. Ethnic Cleansing Carried out by the LTTE 10 E. Attacks on Democracy by the LTTE 11 F. The Global Threat posed by the LTTE 11 G. Proscription of the LTTE 12 III. SIZE AND SCOPE OF THE LTTE 13 A. Potency of the LTTE 13 B. Number of Cadres 14 C. Land Fighting Forces 14 D. The Sea Tiger Wing 17 E. The Air Tiger Wing 20 F. Black Tiger (Suicide) Wing 22 G. Intelligence Wing 22 H. Supply Network 23 I. International Support Mechanisms 25 J. International Criminal Network 27 – iii – Humanitarian Operation—Factual Analysis Page IV. GOVERNMENT EFFORTS FOR A NEGOTIATED SETTLEMENT 28 A. Overview 28 B. The Thimpu Talks – July to August 1985 29 C. The Indo-Lanka Accord – July 1987 30 D. Peace Talks – May 1989 to June 1990 32 E. Peace Talks – October 1994 to April 1995 33 F. Norwegian-Facilitated Peace Process – February 2002 to January 2008 35 G. LTTE Behaviour during 2002–2006 37 PART TWO V. RESUMPTION OF HOSTILITIES 43 VI. THE WANNI OPERATION 52 VII.
    [Show full text]