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Establishing a World Anti-Doping Code: WADA's Impact on the Development of an International Strategy for Anti-Doping in Sport

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Establishing a World Anti-Doping Code: WADA's Impact on the Development of an International Strategy for Anti-Doping in Sport University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Electronic Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers 2006 Establishing a World Anti-Doping Code: WADA's impact on the development of an international strategy for anti-doping in sport. Caitlin A. Jenkins University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd Recommended Citation Jenkins, Caitlin A., "Establishing a World Anti-Doping Code: WADA's impact on the development of an international strategy for anti-doping in sport." (2006). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1959. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/1959 This online database contains the full-text of PhD dissertations and Masters’ theses of University of Windsor students from 1954 forward. These documents are made available for personal study and research purposes only, in accordance with the Canadian Copyright Act and the Creative Commons license—CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivative Works). Under this license, works must always be attributed to the copyright holder (original author), cannot be used for any commercial purposes, and may not be altered. Any other use would require the permission of the copyright holder. Students may inquire about withdrawing their dissertation and/or thesis from this database. For additional inquiries, please contact the repository administrator via email ([email protected]) or by telephone at 519-253-3000ext. 3208. ESTABLISHING A WORLD ANTI-DOPING CODE: WADA’S IMPACT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY FOR ANTI-DOPING IN SPORT by Caitlin A. Jenkins A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research through the Faculty of Human Kinetics in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Human Kinetics at the University of Windsor Windsor, Ontario, Canada 2006 © 2006 Caitlin A. Jenkins Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Library and Bibliotheque et Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-17080-9 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-17080-9 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce,Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve,sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet,distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform,et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation. reproduced without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a la loi canadienne Privacy Act some supporting sur la protection de la vie privee, forms may have been removed quelques formulaires secondaires from this thesis. ont ete enleves de cette these. While these forms may be includedBien que ces formulaires in the document page count, aient inclus dans la pagination, their removal does not represent il n'y aura aucun contenu manquant. any loss of content from the thesis. i * i Canada Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Abstract The use and prevalence of performance enhancing drugs is not unique to modem sport. Reports of athletes striving to improve their physical abilities date back to third century BCE. Endeavoring to address the growing problem of doping in sport, WADA was created in 1999. This study evaluated how the formation of WADA impacted the development of an international strategy for anti-doping in sport. Conclusions were reached through the analysis of three primary sources of data: personal and organizational archives; media articles; and exploratory interviews. As revealed by the data, the formation of WADA brought together the necessary players to reach a solution for doping in sport. It provided a forum for sport and government to work co-operatively generating ideas and focusing thinking. It led to an awakening within government and sport to the complexities of doping; and it embodied an independent/credible organization while raising/maintaining global awareness and interest in doping. Ill Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. This research study is dedicated to all of the athletes, around the world, who compete drug free! iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Acknowledgement To all those individuals who have helped me along this academic journey, I extend my utmost thanks. Specifically, I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Scott Martyn. Without his support, wisdom, encouragement and patience, the completion of this project would not have been possible. Dr. Martyn, thank you for guiding me through the learning process and believing in my potential. I would also like to express my gratitude to my committee members, Dr. Darwin Semotiuk, Dr. Larry Glassford and Dr. Marge Holman, for the time and effort they contributed. Their interest in my study, suggestions and challenges contributed to an enriched learning experience. I would also like to acknowledge all the individuals who participated in my study; thank you for your co-operation, fortitude and patronage. Specifically, I would like to recognize Mr. Richard Pound for granting me access to his IOC files. To my family, specifically my dad, thank you for your unconditional support, and to Brad Davison, thank you for motivating, supporting and encouraging me throughout this process. In closing, I would like to thank the administrative staff from the Faculty of Human Kinetics as well as all of the people who have made my time at the University of Windsor enjoyable and memorable. v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT..............................................................................................................................iii DEDICATION..........................................................................................................................iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT........................................................................................................v LIST OF APPENDICIES.........................................................................................................ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS...................................................................................................x I. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................1 Emergence of Drug Use in Sport .................................................................................2 Anti-Doping Policy Development ...............................................................................4 Prohibited Substances and Methods ..........................................................................10 Individual Governments ..............................................................................................12 International Sport Federations .................................................................................. 14 The World Anti-Doping Agency ............................................................................... 15 Endnotes ....................................................................................................................... 19 II. LITERATURE REVIEW...................................................................................................24 Section I Policy Development and Government Support ...........................................24 Section II Education ........................................................ 34 Section III Social Acceptance and Compliance ..............................................................36 Section IV Professional Sport and Anti-doping Policy Development ..........................42 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................46 Endnotes .......................................................................................................................49 III. METHODOLOGY............................................................................................................ 56 Methodological Framework ....................................................................................... 56 Data Sources ................................................................................................................58 Limitations ...................................................................................................................62
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