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Царски Дарови Royal GIFTS Царски Дарови Royal GIFTS Царски дарови ROYAL GIFTS Царски дарови ROYAL GIFTS 1 2 ЕКСКЛУЗивНи ПокЛоНи вЛАДАРСКИХ ПОРОДИЦа EXCLUSIVE GIFTS PRESENTED BY ROYAL FAMILIES Јосип Броз Тито прима поклоне, Етиопија, 1955. год. Josip Broz Tito receiving gifts, Ethiopia, 1955 Јосип Броз Тито је још у време другог светског рата Josip Broz Tito became an important figure in the European anti- израстао у значајну фигуру европског антифашистичког fascist movement as early as World War II. The rich array of his покрета. о богатој државничкој активности најбоље activities as a statesman is best illustrated by the fact that in his long говоре подаци да се, у дугом периоду бављења поли­ political career, lasting from 19 41 to 1980, Tito met around 350 heads ти ком, од 1941. до 1980. године, Тито сусрео са око 350 of state and government, went on 169 state visits and stayed in 73 председника држава и влада, учинио 169 државних посета countries by invitation. During these numerous meetings, he received и боравио по позиву у 73 земље света. Приликом тих an enormous number of gifts that are kept today in the Museum бројних сусрета, добио је огроман број поклона који се of Yugoslav History. Although the gifts were given by the highest данас чувају у Музеју историје Југославије. и поред тога officials, a good many of them can be categorized as ordinary, trivial што је реч о даривању на највишем државном нивоу, добар in terms of artistic significance, objects of no material value, mass део тих поклона може се сврстати у категорију обич них, у produced for everyday use. уметничком смислу тривијалних, материјално безвредних предмета серијске производње, за свакодневну употребу. 3 Цар Хајле Селасије предаје поклон домаћинима, Београд, 1954. год. Emperor Haile Selassie presents a gift to his hosts, Belgrade, 1954 али, са друге стране, појединим од тих поклона, поносили On the other hand, some of the gifts are prized possessions that even би се и највећи светски музеји. скоро сви тзв. царски the world’s most important museums would be proud to have in поклони спадају у ту категорију. У току своје владавине their collections. Almost all of the so-called royal gifts are of that kind. Тито је остварио контакте са монарсима европских During his time in office, Tito established contacts with the monarchs (велика Британија, Белгија, данска, Норвешка, Шведска, of European (Great Britain, Belgium, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Грчка, Луксембург и Холандија), азијских (авганистан, Greece, Luxembourg and the Netherlands), Asian (Afghanistan, камбоџа, Јапан, иран, Непал, кувајт, Јордан) и афричких Cambodia, Japan, Iran, Nepal, Kuwait, Jordan) and African countries земаља (Етиопија и Мароко), којом приликом је са њима (Ethiopia and Morocco), which provided occasions for the exchanges размењивао поклоне. of gifts to take place. Најранији поклон који је Јосип Броз Тито добио из једне The symbolism of the earliest gift that Tito received from a royal краљевске куће, својом симболиком као да антиципира family, seems to have anticipated his rise to political power! The time његов политички успон! У тој групи поклона, он је уједно of its creation indicates that it is also the oldest object in that group и најстарији предмет по времену настанка. Павле I, краљ of gifts. King Paul I of Greece, the country in whose classical literature the meaning of the helmet as a symbol of power, rising status and Грчке, земље на темељу чије класичне књижевности је invulnerability is rooted, presented Tito with an ancient Greek кациги придавано значење симбола моћи, уздизања и Corinthian-type helmet from late VII – early VI century BC, in Athens нерањивости, поклонио је Титу, у атини 2. јуна 1954. on June 2nd, 1954. The helmet is as mysterious as some researchers године, антички коринтски шлем, са краја VII – почетка found the life of Josip Broz to be. VI века пре наше ере. Шлем је исто тако загонетан као и неким истраживачима живот Јосипа Броза. Наиме, енигма је зашто је бронзани шлем, и поред тога што је 4 Грчки краљевски пар предаје поклоне породици Броз, Бели двор, Београд, 1955. год. The Greek royal couple presents the Broz family with gifts, Beli dvor (White Palace), Belgrade, 1955 изливен у пуној ратничкој форми, израђен у смањеним Namely, the reason why the bronze helmet is smaller than life-sized, димензијама, због чега није могао имати практичну although it was cast entirely like a piece of warrior’s gear, making it сврху.1 интересантно је да је Тито добио на поклон још impossible for it to have any practical use, remains an enigma1. It is један, исто тако вредан шлем, из периода млађег гвозденог interesting to note that Tito got another, equally valuable, helmet доба (око 400. године пре н.е.). иако не представља dating back to the Late Iron Age (around 400 BC) as a gift. Although краљевски поклон, са сигурношћу се претпоставља да је it is not a royal gift, it can be safely assumed that it belonged to some 2 припадао неком племенском поглавару.2 tribal chief. и мада су нам, нажалост, непознати разлози и друге Although the reasons and other circumstances surrounding the околности око избора поклона које је Тито примио, process of choosing the gifts that Tito received, are unfortunately индиректно можемо извести закључке, на основу unknown, conclusions can be drawn indirectly, based on the surviving 1) Шлем висине свега 20 цм није могао служити својој правој 1) With a height of only 20 centimetres, the helmet could not have served намени. Зато се претпоставља да је шлем био израђен као заветни its true purpose. It is thus believed that the helmet could have been a votive дар неком од античких светилишта, што је иначе био обичај раширен offering, left in one of the ancient Greek temples, which was a wide-spread у архајском и класичном раздобљу Грчке. С обзиром на то да су custom in the archaic and classical periods in Greece. Since votive warrior’s заветни ратнички шлемови редовно били онеспособљавани за helmets were regularly rendered unfit for any possible future practical use, the maker of the offering had it made in a smaller size, knowing about the евентуалну будућу практичну употребу, дародавац га је, знајући за rules observed at the temple and that prevented subsequent deliberate принцип светилишта, израдио у смањеном облику, чиме је избегнуто damaging of the helmet. касније намерно деформисање. 2) An exceptionally well-preserved bronze helmet of the an Italo-Etruscan 2) Изванредно очуван бронзани шлем италско-етрурског типа type was found in a skeleton’s tomb in Nevlje, near Kamnik in Slovenia. Gift пронађен је у скелетном гробу у Невљу код Камника, у Словенији. of the Municipality of Novo Mesto, given to Josip Broz Tito, on November Поклон СО Ново Место Јосипу Брозу Титу, 23. новембра 1958. 23rd, 1958. године. 5 Уручивање поклона краљици Елизабети II, Бели двор, Београд, 1972. год. Presenting a gift to Queen Elisabeth II, Beli dvor, Belgrade, 1972 сачуваних података о узвратним поклонима које је information about the gifts presented to the members of royal припадницима краљевских кућа даривао сам Јосип families by Josip Broz himself. The gifts were chosen carefully. Thus a Броз. Поклони се бирају пажљиво. Тако из једне белешке note reveals that… a month before the announced visit, the Protocol сазнајемо да месец дана пре најављене посете, Протокол proposed to Tito a gift for Queen Elisabeth II of England in 1972. The предлаже Титу поклон за британску краљицу Елизабету explanation stated that the Queen’s sister Princess Margaret had II, 1972. године. У образложењу поклона се наводи како been given the marble sculpture The Bather by Frano Kršinić, so giving је краљичина сестра, принцеза Маргарета, две године a similar sculpture to the Queen is out of the question. The sculpture раније, примила на поклон скулптуру од мермера Girl with a Young Goat by the art academy-trained sculptor, Andrija Купачица, рад Фране кршинића, тако да не долази у Krstulović, was proposed to be given instead. Andrija Krstulović обзир да се краљици дарује слична скулптура. За поклон се was Ivan Meštrović’s pupil, who carved the statue of Njegoš and предлаже скулптура Девојка са јаретом, академског вајара two caryatids in Njegoš’s mausoleum and also worked on the two андрије крстуловића, ученика ивана Мештровића, који је caryatids on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier on Mount Avala. исклесао статуу Његоша и две каријатиде на Његошевом Given the fact that Krstulović is less well-known abroad, the Protocol маузолеју, а такође је радио на двема каријатидама за enclosed the details about the author with the gift, so that the Queen Мештровићев споменик Незнаном јунаку на авали. can see that this is a renowned artist. Additional information was also provided, namely, that the sculpture Girl with a Young Goat was обзиром да је крстуловић мање познат у иностранству, made of the Egyptian reddish pink Aswan granite, carved out of a Протокол уз поклон прилаже податке о аутору да fragment of a column meant for Diocletian’s Palace in Split and that Краљица види да се ради о признатом уметнику. Још се the Egyptian obelisk at Place de la Concorde in Paris was made of the додаје да је скулптура Девојка са јаретом од ружичасто­ same kind of stone. црвеног египатског асуанског гранита, исклесана од фрагмента једног стуба намењеног за диоклецијанову палату у сплиту, од кога је израђен и египатски обелиск на Тргу конкорд у Паризу. 6 из једног другог документа сазнајемо да када су у некој In another document, we find out that “When an important event земљи важна дешавања, попут венчања значајних like a marriage of a public figure, coronation or some other kind личности, крунисања и друге свечаности, одлука о of celebration takes place in a country, the decision about a gift is поклонима се доноси на састанцима дипломатског made at the meeting of the diplomatic corps.
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