Threatened flora of the Western Central Wheatbelt

Prepared by Joel Collins

R N E M

V

E R N

E M O

N V E

O G T T N

G T E E E E E E E E

O E

O H

F H T F

T

W A E I S L T A E R R N A U S T Department of Environment and Conservation

Our environment, our future Contents

Foreword 7 Introduction 8 Flora conservation rankings 11

Species name Common name Family Status Page Acacia aphylla Leafless rock wattle Mimosaceae Vulnerable 12 Acacia ataxiphylla subsp. magna Large-fruited Tammin wattle Mimosaceae Endangered 14 Acacia brachypoda Western wheatbelt wattle Mimosaceae Vulnerable 16 Acacia caesariata Yelbeni wattle Mimosaceae Vulnerable 18 Acacia chapmanii subsp. australis Chapman’s wattle Mimosaceae Endangered 20 Acacia cochlocarpa subsp. cochlocarpa Spiral-fruited wattle Mimosaceae Critically Endangered 22 Acacia cochlocarpa subsp. velutinosa Velvety spiral pod wattle Mimosaceae Critically Endangered 24 Acacia denticulosa Sandpaper wattle Mimosaceae Vulnerable 26 Acacia pharangites Wongan gully wattle Mimosaceae Critically Endangered 28 Acacia pygmaea Dwarf rock wattle Mimosaceae Endangered 30 Acacia subflexuosa subsp. capillata Hairy-stemmed zig-zag wattle Mimosaceae Critically Endangered 32 Acacia vassalii Vassal’s wattle Mimosaceae Critically Endangered 34 Acacia volubilis Tangled wattle Mimosaceae Critically Endangered 36 Species name Common name Family Status Page Allocasuarina fibrosa Woolly sheoak Casuarinaceae Vulnerable 38 Banksia cuneata Matchstick banksia Proteaceae Endangered 40 Banksia mimica Summer honeypot Proteaceae Vulnerable 42 Banksia serratuloides subsp. serratuloides Southern serrate banksia Proteaceae Vulnerable 44 Caladenia drakeoides Hinged dragon orchid Orchidaceae Critically Endangered 46 Calectasia pignattiana Stilted tinsel flower Dasypogonaceae Vulnerable 48 Conospermum densiflorum subsp. unicephalatum One-headed smokebush Proteaceae Endangered 50 Conostylis wonganensis Wongan conostylis Haemodoraceae Endangered 52 Cyphanthera odgersii subsp. occidentalis Western woolly cyphanthera Solanaceae Critically Endangered 54 Darwinia acerosa Fine-leaved darwinia Myrtaceae Endangered 56 Darwinia carnea Mogumber bell Myrtaceae Critically Endangered 58 Daviesia cunderdin Cunderdin daviesia Papilionaceae Critically Endangered 60 Daviesia dielsii Diels’ daviesia Papilionaceae Endangered 62 Daviesia euphorbioides Wongan cactus Papilionaceae Critically Endangered 64 Eleocharis keigheryi Keighery’s eleocharis Cyperaceae Vulnerable 66 Eremophila pinnatifida Pinnate-leaf eremophila Myoporaceae Critically Endangered 68 Eremophila resinosa Resinous eremophila Myoporaceae Endangered 70 Goodeniaceae Endangered 94 Wongan eremophilaWongan Resinous poverty bush bushVarnish Midlands gum Myoporaceae malletWongan MyoporaceaeJingymia mallee VulnerableSilky frankenia VulnerableShort-leaved frankenia Myoporaceae MyrtaceaeSpike poison MyrtaceaeHook-point poison Endangered 72 Myrtaceae 74 Nangetty grass Frankeniaceae Endangered Frankeniaceae Vulnerable EndangeredBracted grevillea Vulnerable 76 Vulnerable Papilionaceae grevilleaChristine’s PapilionaceaePhalanx grevillea 78 Poaceae Critically Endangered 80 Critically Endangered 86 82 90 Proteaceae 84 88 Proteaceae Endangered Proteaceae Endangered Endangered Critically Endangered 92 100 96 98 Hairy phalanx grevilleaPythara grevillea Proteaceae Proteaceae Vulnerable Critically Endangered 102 104 hirsuta dryandroides bracteosa subsp. subsp. subsp. Species nameEremophila ternifolia Common name Family Status Page Eremophila vernicosa Eremophila viscida Eucalyptus pruiniramis Eucalyptus recta Eucalyptus synandra Frankenia conferta Frankenia parvula Gastrolobium glaucum Gastrolobium hamulosum Glyceria drummondii Goodenia arthrotricha Grevillea bracteosa Grevillea christineae Grevillea dryandroides Grevillea dryandroides Grevillea pythara 4 Contents Sterculiaceae Critically Endangered 106 Net-veined gyrostemonColumn hakea haloragisBroad-fruited GyrostemonaceaeColourful snakebush Critically EndangeredPungent jacksonia HaloragaceaeQuairading stinkwood 108 ProteaceaeScarlet leschenaultia Lamiaceae Critically Endangered lysiosepalumWoolly melaleucaWongan Papilionaceae 112 Papilionaceae Endangered microcorysWongan Critically Endangered Goodeniaceae philothecaWongan Critically Endangered Endangered 114 SterculiaceaeNative foxglove 116 Vulnerable 110 MyrtaceaeWyalkatchem foxglove Lamiaceae Critically Endangered mulla-mullaFitzgerald’s 118 Rutaceae 122 rhagodiaWongan Endangered 120 Saltmat Lamiaceae Vulnerable Lamiaceae Amaranthaceae Endangered Endangered 124 Critically Endangered Chenopodiaceae Critically Endangered 126 132 Vulnerable 130 128 134 Chenopodiaceae Vulnerable 136 138 Species nameGuichenotia seorsiflora Common name Family Status Page Gyrostemon reticulatus Hakea aculeata Haloragis platycarpa Hemiandra rutilans Jacksonia pungens Jacksonia quairading Lechenaultia laricina abollatum Lysiosepalum Melaleuca sciotostyla Microcorys eremophiloides Philotheca wonganensis Pityrodia axillaris Pityrodia scabra Ptilotus fasciculatus Rhagodia acicularis Roycea pycnophylloides 5 154 157 Spiral bush triggerplantWongan Sandplain thomasiaHill thomasia Stylidiaceae featherflowerHughan’s Santalaceae Sterculiaceae featherflowerWongan Endangered Myrtaceae Vulnerable Endangered Sterculiaceae Myrtaceae 142 Vulnerable Endangered 140 144 Critically Endangered 152 150 146 coroniforme staminosa subsp. subsp. sp Green Hills (S. Paust 1322) sp Green hill thomasia Green Sterculiaceae Critically Endangered 148 Species nameSpirogardnera rubescens Common name Family Status Page Stylidium coroniforme Thomasia glabripetala Thomasia montana Thomasia hughanii Verticordia staminosa Verticordia Contents 6 Glossary Bibliography Foreword

The South West Botanical Province of A key factor in the development of Western Australia is internationally public opinion and the design of effective renowned as an area of high biodiversity management schemes to conserve and significance. This is rightly so, as it is not protect these threatened species lies in only rich in its floral diversity with some the production of accurate information to 5,710 native plant species found there, tell the story. What is threatened? Where but more than 70 per cent of the species is it found? This book does just that in are also endemic – that is they occur providing much-needed biological and nowhere else in the world. ecological information on each of the 70 threatened flora species found in the Many of the plants found in this area Western Central Wheatbelt. are narrowly distributed, sometimes in very small localised populations. This The book should assist greatly in the makes them particularly vulnerable to identification of these plants when they are land clearance and other threatening encountered in the field. I can see that it processes, and has resulted in a number would be used by a great variety of people of species being placed under significant – managers, landowners, conservation threat of future extinction. In the Western biologists, students and interested Australian wheatbelt, for instance, about members of the public. The book will assist 90 per cent of natural vegetation has in the conservation and management of been cleared for agriculture leaving much existing populations and may result in the of the remaining vegetation surviving discovery of new populations of these in often small fragmented remnants highly threatened plants. – roadsides, small reserves and private I congratulate the authors on their property. Plants surviving in these areas achievement and hope that you, the are further threatened by salinity, erosion, reader, find the book to be a valuable fire, additional habitat loss and invasion of reference in the discovery, identification and exotic weeds. A recent biological survey of management of these rare plant species. the Western Australian Agricultural Zone (which includes the wheatbelt) revealed that approximately 450 plant species are at risk of extinction. Andrew Brown Coordinator-Threatened Flora Department of Environment and Conservation, Western Australia

7 Introduction

This book serves as a field guide to the will assist in identification, species habitat, 70 plant species currently listed as distribution, flowering and seed maturity declared rare flora (DRF) within the information and how to distinguish from Western Central Wheatbelt region. The similar species. area covered in this book includes the Species distributions are described shires of Cunderdin, Tammin, Dowerin, in reference to IBRA (Interim Wyalkatchem, Goomalling, Wongan- Bioregionalisation of Australia) regions. Ballidu, Victoria Plains, Dalwallinu, Koorda, These regions share similar geology, Quairading and parts of the shires of landform, vegetation and climate Northam, York and Beverley, an area of characteristics and influence the approximately 2.9 million hectares. This distribution of flora species. The Avon area is botanically rich and has a high level Wheatbelt IBRA region dominates the of endemic species, highlighted with area covered in this book; however, many 29 DRF species (or 41 per cent) of the species are distributed across several 70 species covered in this book being IBRA regions. only found in this region. The DRF profiled in this book are While the Western Australian wheatbelt is distributed in areas of remnant natural renowned for its prosperous agricultural vegetation across the highly modified sector, it’s the remaining natural agricultural zone. Within this zone, vegetation that has helped place the vegetation has been extensively cleared State’s south-west on the global stage for and is now highly fragmented with biodiversity significance. This recognition poor connectivity between remnants. is partially due to the exceptionally high For example 83.5 per cent of the Avon concentration of endemic species, many Wheatbelt IBRA region has now been of which are under significant threat of cleared for agriculture (Shepherd et future extinction. The most threatened of al. 2002). These factors, along with these species are offered special legislative rising salinity, altered hydrology, protection as DRF and, according to weed competition, accidental human their rarity in the wild and associated destruction, grazing, fungal pathogens level of threats, are ranked as Critically (dieback) and competing land-uses, have Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable or threatened the long-term survival of many Presumed Extinct. DRF. Altered fire regimes also pose a threat Information presented in this book is to many of these species as infrequent designed to improve the identification, fires impair their ability to regenerate and knowledge, understanding and long- overly frequent fires kill plants before term protection and conservation they reach maturity and are able to set of rare flora in the Western Central seed. To counteract these threats a suite Wheatbelt. Each species profile includes of recovery actions are implemented by images of herbarium specimens lodged the Department of Environment and at the Western Australian Herbarium, Conservation (DEC), in conjunction with photographs of flowers and plants in their the wider community. Recovery actions natural habitat, plant descriptions which include monitoring of known populations, include key physical characteristics that surveys for new populations, weed and 8 pest control, seed collection, recruitment To achieve these recovery actions DEC burns, translocations, fencing, habitat coordinates Rare Flora and Communities restoration, education and publicity and Recovery Teams. The recovery teams meet regional herbarium activities. biannually and are made up of a number of key stakeholders including community groups, landholders, DEC volunteers,

Figure 1: IBRA regions relevant to the south-west of Western Australia, showing the Declared Rare Flora study area 9 Introduction

Natural Resource Management officers, The Avon Catchment Council (ACC), Catchment Councils, Botanic Gardens through support from the Government and Parks Authority, representatives of Australia and the Western Australian from Main Roads, WestNet Rail, Government, has provided funding for Water Corporation, local government this publication, which forms part of the authorities and interested community project ‘Back from the Edge: Saving Native members. The recovery team provides Species Most at Risk’. This program is opportunity for members to discuss DRF aimed at developing a strategic approach management issues, provide advice, share for managing threatened species and local knowledge and generally become communities and to carry out urgent more involved in rare flora conservation. recovery actions within the Avon River Several community groups and DEC Basin. The Back from the Edge program volunteers are regularly involved in rare is funded with investment from the flora conservation work, which includes State and Australian governments conducting surveys and reporting new through the National Heritage Trust and populations of threatened flora. Groups National Action Plan for Salinity and such as the Wongan-Ballidu Bushcare Water Quality. A core objective of the Group, Wildflower Society of Western ACC’s Back from the Edge program is to Australia (Avon Branch) and the York engage local communities in the effective River Conservation Society are actively implementation of recovery actions for involved in the Rare Flora Recovery Team. threatened flora conservation projects. This involvement, for example, has seen Further information on threatened the Wongan-Ballidu Bushcare Group and poorly known flora species in the recently develop a Regional Herbarium, wheatbelt can be sought in other recent which houses specimens collected in the publications, which include ‘Threatened, Wongan Hills region. Duplicate specimens poorly known and other flora of Wongan- from Wongan Hills are also lodged at the Ballidu’ and ‘Threatened and poorly Regional Herbarium at the DEC Northam known flora of the Yilgarn Region’. office. This valuable partnership has been critical in the process of building the botanical knowledge of the region.

10 Flora conservation rankings used in this book

Under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, the Minister for the Environment may declare species of flora as ‘rare flora’ if they are considered to be in danger of extinction, rare or otherwise in need of special protection. Such species are listed as declared rare flora but are also commonly referred to as threatened flora. These species receive special management attention (Florabase 2009). Nominations for listing as declared rare flora are submitted to and are reviewed by the Western Australian Threatened Species Scientific Committee, which is appointed by the Minister for the Environment with administrative support provided by the Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC). To achieve declared rare flora status it must be proven to the committee that the species has been adequately surveyed over a number of flowering seasons and in the wild is either extinct, i.e., there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died, or meets criteria for listing as threatened in the current version of IUCN Red List Categories (prepared by the International Union of Conservation of Nature Species Survival Commission). Any person may nominate a species for listing, de-listing or a change of list category. Once reviewed by the committee, recommendations are submitted to the Minister for the Environment for consideration and adoption.

The IUCN Red List for threatened species has adopted a system of defining conservation categories for flora and fauna according to their specific level of risk. Declared Rare Flora in Western Australia is ranked into threat categories using IUCN criteria. These categories are as follows:

Presumed Extinct (X) A species is presumed extinct when exhaustive surveys in known and or expected habitat, at appropriate times, throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the species’ life cycle and life form.

Critically Endangered (CR) When a plant is considered to be facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.

Endangered (EN) When a plant is considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild.

Vulnerable (VU) When a plant is considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.

If you think you have seen any of these plants in this publication or would like further information, please call DEC Northam Office on (08) 9622 8940.

11 Leafless rock wattle Acacia aphylla Family: Mimosaceae Status: Vulnerable

Derivation of name Derived from the Greek a (without) and phyllon (leaf), referring to the absence of leaves.

Authority and type collection Named by Bruce Maslin in 1971 from specimens he collected from the Helena River Valley near Mundaring in August 1970.

Description Habit: Erect intricately branched pungent shrub to 2 m high. Distribution map Stems: Bluish-grey, round in cross-section, hairless with ribs few and obscure. Distribution and habitat Leaves: Reduced to small deciduous scales Scattered occurrences in the Mundaring found along the stems. and Northam areas in the Avon-Wheatbelt, Jarrah Forest and Swan Coastal Plain IBRA Flowers: Bright yellow globe-shaped regions. It grows in brown sandy loam flowers are 6 to 7 mm in diameter and on granite outcrops, sometimes in rock solitary at each node. The hairless flower crevices on sheet granite, with fringing stalks are 7 to 10 mm long. woodland and shrubland with Eucalyptus wandoo, E. marginata, Corymbia Fruit: Purplish-grey pods are linear, 3 to calophylla, Allocasuarina huegeliana, Acacia 9 cm long and 3 to 4 mm wide. Seeds acuminata, A. lasiocalyx, Banksia sessilis are black and shiny, oblong and 4 to and Borya nitens. 4.5 mm long. Flowering period July to October.

Seed maturity November to December.

Similar species Acacia wiseana is superficially similar in appearance but has green branchlets that are ribbed and larger pods (6 to 12 mm wide).

12 A B Andrew Brown Andrew

C

2 cm Herbarium WA D

E Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Fruit and seed, D - Flower, E - Flower and leaf Andrew BrownAndrew Crawford Andrew 13 Large-fruited Tammin wattle Acacia ataxiphylla subsp. magna Family: Mimosaceae Status: Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Greek ataxia (disorder, confusion) and phyllon (leaf), referring to the disordered way in which the phyllodes are displayed and from the Latin magnus (large), referring to the larger flower heads of this subspecies.

Authority and type collection Named by Bruce Maslin from specimens collected south of Tammin by Ray Cranfield in 1980.

Description Distribution map Habit: Low spreading shrub to approximately 0.3 m high. Distribution and habitat Stems: Ascending to erect stems are Scattered occurrences in the Goomalling, flattened or angled at their extremities and Dowerin, Cunderdin and Tammin areas covered in matted hairs. in the Avon Wheatbelt IBRA region. It Leaves: Phyllodes are somewhat coarse, grows in brown or grey sandy loam over mostly 4 to 6 cm long, occasionally 2 to 3 laterite or in yellow sand in woodland, cm long and 1.6 to 2 mm wide. mallee, mixed shrubland and heath with Eucalyptus macrocarpa, E. pyriformis, Flowers: Yellow flowers are 7 to 9 mm in Banksia prionotes, Actinostrobus arenarius, diameter, globe-shaped on hairy stalks 4 to Xylomelum angustifolium, Allocasuarina 7 mm long. campestris and Leptospermum erubescens. Fruit: Reddish-brown pods are narrowly Flowering period oblong, curved with longitudinal lines or channels on the surface. The pods are also June to July. covered in stiff hairs. Seed maturity November.

Similar species Acacia ataxiphylla subsp. ataxiphylla, is superficially similar in appearance but has smaller flowers about 5 mm across, long slender flower stalks about 8 to 12 mm long and a summer flowering period. Some forms of Acacia stenoptera are also similar. 14 A B Joel Collins

C

2 cm Herbarium WA D

E Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Fruit, D - Habit, E - Habitat Joel Collins Joel Collins 15 Western wheatbelt wattle Acacia brachypoda Family: Mimosaceae Status: Vulnerable

Derivation of name Derived from the Greek brachys (short) and podos (foot), referring to the very short inflorescence stalks.

Authority and type collection Named by Bruce Maslin in 1990 from specimens he collected north of Brookton in 1976.

Description Habit: Dense rounded resinous shrub to 1.5 to 3 m high.

Stems: Hairless stems contain broad Distribution map flat yellow or green longitudinal bands between narrower, brownish, resinous ribs at the ends. areas and slightly saline flats in woodland and shrubland with Eucalyptus wandoo, Leaves: Phyllodes are smooth, 2 to 5 cm E. loxophleba subsp. loxophleba, long and 7 to 14 mm wide, circular to flat E. astringens, Casuarina obesa, in cross-section and straight to slightly Allocasuarina huegeliana, Callistemon incurved. When flat, the phyllodes have phoeniceus, Acacia acuminata, 1 nerve on each face. New shoots are A. leptospermoides, Hakea marginata, resinous. H. varia and Melaleuca lateriflora. Flowers: Golden flower heads are globe- Flowering period shaped; arranged 2 per axil and are resinous. Flower stalks are 2 to 3mm long May to July.

Fruit: Pods are curved and/or wavy to Seed maturity coiled and are 7 to 8 mm wide. Pods are November to December. resinous, thinly leathery and hairless. Seeds are oblong and 4 mm long. Similar species Distribution and habitat Some other members of the Acacia wilhelmiana group are similar in Scattered occurrences in the Beverley and appearance but have longer flower stalks York areas, with a disjunct population near and multi-flowered heads. Katanning, in the Avon Wheatbelt and Jarrah Forest IBRA regions. It grows in grey or brown sandy clay near seasonal flooded

16 A B Lorraine Duffy

C

JMC132

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Lorraine Duffy

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Fruit and seed, D - Flower, E - Habit Joel Collins Flora Seed Centre Threatened 17 Yelbeni wattle Acacia caesariata Family: Mimosaceae Status: Vulnerable

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin caesariatus, (with long hair; covered with hair) referring to the covering of matted hairs on the stems and leaves.

Authority and type collection Named by Richard Cowan and Bruce Maslin in 1990 from specimens collected between Kununoppin and Wyalkatchem by Bruce Maslin in 1973.

Description Habit: Flat-topped or rounded, dense Distribution map spreading shrub to 0.6 to 1.3 m high. Stems: Slightly ribbed and covered in Distribution and habitat matted hairs. Stipules are 1.5 to 4 mm Scattered occurrences in the Kununoppin long and persistent. New shoots are and Bungulla area, with early collections covered in densely matted white hairs. made near Corrigin and Lake Grace in the Avon Wheatbelt and Mallee IBRA regions. It Leaves: Sharply pointed phyllodes are dull grows in white or brown gritty loam or clay green to grey-green, 2 to 4.5 cm long and in woodland and mallee with Eucalyptus 2 to 8 (-10) mm wide, narrowly lance- erythronema, E. loxophleba, Acacia shaped to straight or shallowly incurved. mackeyana and Melaleuca coronicarpa. Covered in matted hairs, the phyllodes have 3 to 5 longitudinal veins on each Flowering period face. A narrow-phyllode variant occurs with phyllodes 2 to 3 mm wide. August to September. Flowers: Light golden flower heads are Seed maturity globular, 2 mm in diameter and arranged November to December. 2 per axil. Flower stems are mostly 2 to 4 mm long and covered in matted hairs. Similar species Fruit: Pods are irregularly curved, wavy or Acacia torticarpa is similar in appearance but coiled to 2.5 cm long and 2 to 3 mm wide. has 6 raised nerves and flower stalks that are Pods have a paper-like texture and have absent or very short. Acacia consobrina is dense covering of short stiff hairs. Glossy also similar but has phyllodes with numerous black seeds are longitudinal, oval, elliptic net-like veins between the nerves. Acacia or oblong in shape and 2.5 to 3 mm long sclerophylla var. pilosa is similar to the narrow and 2 to 3 mm wide. phyllode variant of A. caesariata but has sparse hairs on the new shoots, phyllodes 1 to 2 mm wide and stipules 0.5 to 1 mm long. 18 A B Joel Collins

C

JMC491

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Fruit, seed and leaf, D - Habitat, E - Habit Joel Collins Niall Sheehy 19 Chapman’s wattle Acacia chapmanii subsp. australis Family: Mimosaceae Status: Endangered

Derivation of name Named in honour of Charles Chapman, who first collected the species, and the Latin australis (southern), referring to the southern distribution of this subspecies.

Authority and type collection Named by Richard Cowan and Bruce Maslin in 1999 from specimens collected north of Wyening by Herbert Demarz in 1972.

Description Habit: Dense intricately branched pungent Distribution map shrub to 0.5 to 2 m high. Stems: Hairless stems contain narrow Distribution and habitat non-rigid stipules ± 1 mm long and glands Scattered occurrences in the Bolgart and 4 to 9 mm above the phyllode base. Wyening areas in the Avon Wheatbelt and Jarrah Forest IBRA regions. It grows Leaves: Sharply pointed phyllodes are in brown, grey or yellow sand or sandy green to greyish-green 2 to 3 (-5) cm gravel in woodland and shrubland with long and 0.7 to 1 mm in diameter, Corymbia calophylla, Eucalyptus wandoo, erect, circular to flat in cross-section and Xanthorrhoea preissii, Banksia armata, shallowly recurved. Phyllodes have 8 Leptospermum erubescens and Santalum distant raised nerves altogether, 3-nerved acuminatum. when flat. Flowers: Golden flower heads are globular, Flowering period 4 to 5 mm in diameter; 24 to 27 flowered July to September. and arranged 1 per axil. Hairless flower stems are mostly 10 to 15 mm long. Seed maturity Fruit: Pods are up to 40 mm long and November. 2.5 to 3 mm wide, coiled and hairless. Similar species Acacia chapmanii subsp. chapmanii, is superficially similar in appearance but has sharply pointed stipules and straight phyllodes that are widely spreading to downwards-facing and circular in cross- section. Acacia campylophylla is also similar but has generally shorter, strongly recurved phyllodes and straight broad pods. 20 A B Jean Hort

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Jean Hort

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Flower and leaf, D & E - Habit Jean Hort Joel Collins 21 Spiral-fruited wattle Acacia cochlocarpa subsp. cochlocarpa Family: Mimosaceae Status: Critically Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin cochlos (a shell- fish with a spiral shell) and carpa (fruit), referring to the tightly spiralled pods.

Authority and type collection Named by Carl Meissner in 1855 from specimens collected between the Moore and Murchison rivers by James Drummond.

Description Habit: Low semi-prostrate spreading shrub to 0.7 m high. Distribution map Stems: Slightly zigzagging, hairless with non-persistent stipules. sandy-clay over laterite in shrubland and heath with Allocasuarina campestris, Acacia Leaves: Incurved phyllodes are (3) 4 to acuminata, Gastrolobium appressum (DRF), 7.5 cm long and 4 to 6 mm wide, hairless Gastrolobium hamulosum (DRF), Hakea sp., with an acute apex. Phyllodes have 5 to 7 Melaleuca sp. and Borya sp. nerves per face with the central nerve an equal distance from the margins. Flowering period Flowers: Golden flower heads are obloid June to August. to short-cylindrical, 7 to 10 mm long when dry, 2 per axil and are without stalks. Seed maturity Fruit: Pods are hairless, 3 to 4 mm wide November. and tightly spiralled. Seeds are round to oblong, 1.5 to 2.5 mm long, glossy and Similar species mottled. Acacia cochlocarpa subsp. velutinosa is superficially similar in appearance but has Distribution and habitat phyllodes that are generally less than 40 Scattered occurrences in the Watheroo mm long, hairy stems, phyllodes and pods area with a disjunct population north of and almost globular flower heads. Acacia Goomalling in the Avon Wheatbelt and tetraneura and A. lirellata are also similar Geraldton Sandplains IBRA regions. An but have narrower phyllodes with generally early collection has also been made west fewer nerves. of Moora. It grows in brown sand or

22 A B Joel Collins

C

JMC267

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Fruit, D - Habit and habitat, E - Flower and leaf Andrew CrawfordAndrew Crawford Andrew 23 Velvety spiral pod wattle Acacia cochlocarpa subsp. velutinosa Family: Mimosaceae Status: Critically Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin velutum (velvet) and osa (abounding in), referring to the velvety-like hairs on the phyllodes, branchlets and pods.

Authority and type collection Named by Bruce Maslin and Alex Chapman in 1999 from specimens collected in the Manmanning area by A.S. George in November 1974.

Description Habit: Low semi-prostate spreading shrub Distribution map to 0.3 to 0.6 m high.

Stems: Slightly zigzagging and covered in Flowering period short stiff hairs with persistent stipules. June to August. Leaves: Incurved phyllodes are 2.5 to 4 cm long and 3 to 5 mm wide, usually hairy Seed maturity on nerves, with an obtuse apex. Phyllodes October to November. have 3 to 5 (7) nerves with the central nerve slightly closer to the upper margin. Similar species Flowers: Golden flower heads are almost The typical subspecies, Acacia cochlocarpa globular, 5 to 7 mm long when dry, 2 per subsp. cochlocarpa, is superficially similar axil and are without stalks. in appearance but has phyllodes that are generally greater than 4 cm long, hairless Fruit: Velvety pods are tightly coiled, 3 to branchlets, pods and phyllodes and flower 4 mm wide. Seeds are round to oblong, heads obloid to short-cylindrical. Acacia 1.5 to 2.5 mm long, glossy and mottled. lirellata subsp. compressa is also similar but has non-coiled hairless pods, hairless Distribution and habitat branchlets and narrower hairless phyllodes. Scattered occurrences in the Manmanning and Ejanding area, north of Dowerin in the Avon Wheatbelt IBRA region. It grows in white or grey sandy clay over laterite, in shrubland and heath with Allocasuarina campestris, Grevillea hookeriana, Ecdeiocolea monostachya, Astroloma serratifolium, Gastrolobium calycinum and Borya sp. 24 A B Joel Collins

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Flower and leaf, D - Habit, E - Habitat Joel Collins Joel Collins 25 Sandpaper wattle Acacia denticulosa Family: Mimosaceae Status: Vulnerable

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin denticulus (small tooth) and osus (abounding in), referring to the small teeth-like spines along the leaf margins.

Authority and type collection Named by Ferdinand von Mueller in 1876 from specimens collected near Mount Churchman, north of Beacon by J. Young.

Description Habit: Open erect shrub 1 to 4 m high.

Stems: Dark reddish bark is warty with Distribution map new shoots resinous. Leaves: Dark green phyllodes are round Distribution and habitat to oval, wavy, 5 to 9 cm long and 3.5 to Scattered occurrences in the Beacon, 7.5 mm wide with a tough sandpaper-like Mukinbudin and Wongan Hills areas, with feel. Each has 3 to 4 prominent, curved, an early collection from near Nungarin in the longitudinal, yellowish nerves, net-like Avon Wheatbelt IBRA region and extending veins and prominent spines along the into the Coolgardie IBRA region. It grows phyllode margins. in shallow brown sandy loam over granite, sometimes on granite outcrops and rocky Flowers: Dense golden flower spikes slopes, in shrubland with Allocasuarina are 2.5 to 8 cm long and 6 to 8 mm in campestris, A. acutivalvis, Acacia lasiocalyx, diameter. Stout warty flower stalks are Exocarpos aphyllus, Kunzea pulchella, resinous and 3 to 7 mm long. Calothamnus asper, Melaleuca radula and Fruit: Light brown pods are linear, Borya sp. wrinkled, up to 7.5 cm long and 3 to 4.5 mm wide and hairless. Glossy brown- Flowering period black oval seeds are 3.5 to 4 mm long. September to October.

Seed maturity November to December.

Similar species Unknown.

26 A B Andrew Brown Andrew

C

JMC534

2 cm WA Herbarium WA Joel Collins

E D Chris Phoebe

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Flower and leaf, D - Habitat, E - Habit and habitat Joel Collins 27 Wongan gully wattle Acacia pharangites Family: Mimosaceae Status: Critically Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Greek pharagx (ravine or gully) and ites (connected with or belonging to), referring to the species gully habitat.

Authority and type collection Named by Bruce Maslin in 1982 from specimens he collected near Wongan Hills in 1976.

Description Habit: Spindly open shrub 3 to 4 m high.

Stems: Extremities have a whitish- Distribution map blue sheen, hairless. Older stems are pockmarked with scars of phyllodes that Distribution and habitat have died and fallen off. Confined to near Wongan Hills in the Leaves: Greyish-green phyllodes are circular Avon Wheatbelt IBRA region. It grows in in cross-section, straight to shallowly red-brown clay with rocky greenstone and curved, 1.5 to 4 cm long and 1 mm wide. laterite, on breakaways and lower slopes Phyllodes are hairless, smooth, have 7 of gullies in shrubland with Allocasuarina nerves and end in a sharp point. Phyllodes campestris, A. acutivalvis, Calothamnus are concentrated toward the end of asper, Petrophile shuttleworthiana and branches. Melaleuca radula.

Flowers: Golden flower heads are oblong Flowering period and 7 to 10 mm long. Flower stalks are August to September. hairless and up to 10 mm long. Fruit: Pods are whitish-blue, linear, Seed maturity wrinkled and up to 7 cm long and up to November to December. 4 cm wide. Glossy black longitudinal to round seeds are 3 to 4 mm long. Similar species Acacia tetanophylla is superficially similar in appearance but has non-racemose inflorescences, globular heads and much smaller bracteoles.

28 A B Joel Collins

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Fruit and seed, D - Flower, E - Habit and habitat Joel Collins Flora Seed Centre Threatened 29 Dwarf rock wattle Acacia pygmaea Family: Mimosaceae Status: Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Greek pygmaeus (dwarf), referring to the diminutive habit of the mature plant.

Authority and type collection Named by Bruce Maslin in 1995 from specimens collected near Wongan Hills by Kevin Kenneally in October 1980.

Description Habit: Low dwarf shrub 0.3 to 0.5 m high. Stems: Prominently ribbed with stipules shallowly triangular to 0.5 mm long. Distribution map Leaves: Green phyllodes are 2 to 3 cm long and 9 to 13 mm wide, 1-nerved Distribution and habitat or imperfectly 2-nerved with pale red Confined to the Wongan Hills area in marginal nerves turning yellow with age. the Avon Wheatbelt IBRA region. It grows in red-brown sandy clay on laterite Flowers: White flower heads are globular, ridges and breakaways in mallee and mostly 1-per axil, on flower stalks 4 to shrubland with Eucalyptus ebbanoensis, 7 mm long. Allocasuarina campestris, Banksia comosa, Fruit: Narrow oblong seed pods are up B. wonganensis, Santalum acuminatum, to 3 cm long and 3 to 4 mm wide with Microcorys eremophiloides (DRF) and thick margins. Shiny dark brown seeds are Petrophile shuttleworthiana. longitudinal to oval in shape and 4 to 5 mm long. Flowering period October to March.

Seed maturity November to April.

Similar species Acacia disticha is similar in appearance but has longer flower stalks (7 to 11 mm) and flattened stems. Acacia obovata and A. nervosa are also similar.

30 A B Joel Collins

C

JMC442

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Fruit, C - Flower and leaf, D - Habit, E - Habitat Joel Collins Joel Collins 31 Hairy-stemmed zig-zag wattle Acacia subflexuosa subsp. capillata Family: Mimosaceae Status: Critically Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin sub (somewhat) and flexuosus (zigzag stem, changing direction at the nodes) and capillus (hair), referring to the slightly zigzag stems that are covered in dense hairs.

Authority and type collection Named by Richard Cowan and Bruce Maslin in 1999 from specimens collected south of Cunderdin by Basil Smith in 1982.

Description Habit: Rounded shrub 0.25 to 1 m high. Distribution map Stems: Covered in dense spreading short hairs and slightly zigzagging. Distribution and habitat Leaves: Phyllodes are 3 to 7 cm long and Known only from a single population south 1 to 1.5 mm wide, circular in cross-section, of Cunderdin in the Avon Wheatbelt IBRA shallowly to strongly curved with a sharply region. It grows in grey, yellow or brown sand pointed curved tip. Each phyllode has over laterite in shrubland and heath with about 8 nerves with sparse to moderately Allocasuarina campestris, Leptospermum dense spreading hairs. erubescens, Eremaea pauciflora, Calothamnus quadrifidus, Gastrolobium calycinum and Flowers: Golden flower heads are globular, Hakea incrassata. 3.5 to 4 mm in diameter, 2 per axil, on stalks 3 to 6 mm long. Flower stalks are Flowering period covered in dense spreading short hairs. July to August. Fruit: Pods are linear, slightly curved to 8 cm long and 2 to 2.5 mm wide. Dull Seed maturity brown seeds are longitudinal to round in November. shape and 2.5 mm long. Similar species Acacia subflexuosa subsp. subflexuosa, is superficially similar in appearance but has branchlets and flower stalks covered with sparse small hairs and hairless phyllodes except at the base. Acacia leptoneura is also similar but has twice as many phyllode nerves.

32 A B Joel Collins

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Fruit and seed, D - Flower and leaf, E - Habit Joel Collins Flora Seed Centre Threatened 33 Vassal’s wattle Acacia vassalii Family: Mimosaceae Status: Critically Endangered

Derivation of name Named in honour of Jacques Vassal, a contemporary French botanist who studied the genus Acacia.

Authority and type collection Named by Bruce Maslin in 1978 from specimens collected near Wongan Hills by Ernest Ising in August 1935.

Description Habit: Spreading shrub to 0.6 m high. Stems: Covered in short stiff hairs, stipules persistent 1 to 2 mm long. Distribution map Leaves: Dark green phyllodes are 4 to 8 mm long and 1 mm wide, slightly horizontally Flowering period flattened, narrowed at the base with June to August. hooked tips. Seed maturity Flowers: Light golden flower heads are October to November. globular, 3 to 4 mm in diameter, 1 per axil, hairless flower stalks are 3 to 5 mm long. Similar species Fruit: Pods are linear, openly curved or Acacia ericifolia and A. leptospermoides twisted, up to 2 cm long and 1 to are similar in appearance but have phyllode 1.5 mm wide. tips that are obtuse to barely acute. Acacia brachyphylla is also similar but lacks phyllodes Distribution and habitat with 6 strongly raised nerves. Scattered occurrences in the Watheroo, Moora and Wongan Hills areas in the Avon Wheatbelt and Geraldton Sandplains IBRA regions. It grows in brown or grey sand over laterite or yellow sand in woodland, mallee, shrubland and heath with Eucalyptus pyriformis, Xylomelum angustifolium, Allocasuarina campestris, Actinostrobus arenarius, Leptospermum erubescens and Banksia fraseri.

34 A B Joel Collins

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Flower and leaf, D - Habitat, E - Habit Joel Collins Joel Collins 35 Tangled wattle Acacia volubilis Family: Mimosaceae Status: Critically Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin volubilis (twining), referring to the twisted habit of the stems.

Authority and type collection Named by Ferdinand von Mueller in 1876 from specimens collected near Quairading by Julia Wells.

Description Habit: Dense compact tangled shrub to 0.3 to 0.5 m high. Stems: Twisted, round in cross-section, light green with parallel ridges running their Distribution map length. Stipules are 0.5 to 1 mm long and recurved. Flowering period Leaves: Light green phyllodes are straight June to July. to shallowly curved, 9 mm long and 1 mm wide, few and widely separated with a Seed maturity pungent tip. Each phyllode is 5-nerved in all November to December. with a prominent midrib. Similar species Flowers: Bright light golden flower heads are globular, up to 8 mm in diameter and Acacia aemula is similar in appearance but are found on flower stalks 0 to 4 mm long. has non-twisted and curled branches and longer phyllodes and flower stalks. Acacia Fruit: Not recorded. carens and A. cummingiana are also similar.

Distribution and habitat Scattered occurrences in the Cunderdin and Quairading areas in the Avon Wheatbelt IBRA region. It grows in grey or brown sand over laterite in shrubland and heath with Allocasuarina campestris, Leptospermum erubescens, Banksia vestita, Actinostrobus arenarius and Daviesia cunderdin (DRF).

36 A B Joel Collins

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Flower, D - Habitat, E - Habit Joel Collins Joel Collins 37 Woolly sheoak Allocasuarina fibrosa Family: Casuarinaceae Status: Vulnerable

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin fibra (fibre, filament) and osus (abounding in), referring to the cones that are covered in course hairs.

Authority and type collection Named as a species of Casuarina by Charles Gardner in 1927 from specimens he collected near Tammin in September 1926.

Description Habit: Erect densely branched shrub to 0.5 to 1.8 m high with separate male and Distribution map female plants.

Stems: Modified leaf stems are hairless, 2 to Distribution and habitat 5 cm long, pungent, round in cross-section Scattered occurrences in the Tammin and with 3 to 4 narrow internodes that are 8 to Quairading area in the Avon Wheatbelt 16 mm long. IBRA region. It grows in grey or white sand Leaves: Four scale-like leaves encircle the over laterite, sometimes on low ridges, in stem at each node; they are 1.5 to 2 mm mallee, shrubland and heath with Eucalyptus long, united at the base and have irregular macrocarpa, Allocasuarina campestris, divided tips. Leptospermum erubescens, Acacia ataxiphylla subsp. magna (DRF), Banksia Flowers: The male flower spikes are 4 to armata, B. densa, B. sphaerocarpa and 7 mm long with anthers 0.5 to 0.6 mm B. vestita. long and are produced from the branchlets. The female flowers are red, produced on Flowering period short lateral branches that are hidden July to August. among the dense branches and cones on the older wood. Seed maturity Fruit: Cones are spherical in shape, 1.1 to November. 2.5 cm long and covered in long coarse hairs, 1 to 2 cm long and protruding from Similar species the bracts and bracteoles. The cones are Allocasuarina grevilleoides and A. microstachya held closely to the older wood and are are similar in appearance but lack long fibrous hidden within the dense branches. Brown hairs on their cones. to black seeds are 6 to7 mm long.

38 A B Joel Collins

C

JMC79

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Male flower, C - Branches, D - Fruit, E - Habit and habitat Joel Collins Joel Collins 39 Matchstick banksia Banksia cuneata Family: Proteaceae Status: Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin cuneatus (wedge- shaped), referring to the wedge-shaped part of the leaf that attaches to the stalk.

Authority and type collection Named by Alex George in 1981 from specimens he collected east of Quairading in 1971.

Description Habit: Non-lignotuberous shrub or small tree to 2 to 5 m tall.

Stems: Erect stems have smooth grey bark. Distribution map Leaves: Dull green above, 1 to 4 cm long and 5 to15 mm wide, wedge-shaped, Flowering period covered in coarse hairs with 1 to 5 September to December. prominent pungent teeth on each margin. Seed maturity Flowers: Cream to pink towards base, September to February. turning pink throughout, 3 to 4 cm wide, style cream turning red, pollen presenter Similar species green with the old flowers soon falling. Banksia ilicifolia is similar in appearance but is Fruit: Each fruiting cone has 1 to 5 follicles, larger and has larger leaves and fruit. The dull 17 to 21 mm long and 9 to 12 mm wide, leaves and more brightly colored buds and mottled grey and covered in short, soft, flowers distinguish Banksia cuneata from matted hairs. Seeds are 17 to 20 mm B. ilicifolia and B. oligantha. long and 7 to 8 mm wide and unevenly triangular in shape.

Distribution and habitat Scattered occurrences in the Quairading Brookton and Cuballing areas in the Avon Wheatbelt IBRA region. It grows in yellow or grey sand in low woodlands, shrubland and heath with Banksia prionotes, B. attenuata, Xylomelum angustifolium, Leptospermum erubescens and Eremaea pauciflora.

40 A B Lorraine Duffy

C WA Herbarium WA

JMC68

2 cm

E D Todd Erickson Todd

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Flower, D - Habit, E - Fruit Lorraine Duffy Joel Collins 41 Summer honeypot Banksia mimica Family: Proteaceae Status: Vulnerable

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin mimicus (imitative), referring to the superficial resemblance of the species to Banksia nivea.

Authority and type collection Named as a species of Dryandra by Alex George in 1984 from specimens he collected near Wattle Grove, Perth in December 1972. The species was placed in Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele in 2007.

Description Distribution map Habit: Prostrate lignotuberous shrub 0.15 to 0.4 m high, with underground stems. Distribution and habitat Leaves: Linear leaves are 13 to 35 cm Scattered occurrences in the Mogumber, long and 5 to 15 mm wide, densely hairy Gingin, Kalamunda and Busselton areas in underneath with 20 to 60 pungent teeth the Geraldton Sandplains and Swan Coastal along each margin with rounded gaps. The Plain IBRA regions. It grows in white or grey juvenile leaves are hairy above, but lose the sand over laterite, sometimes in flat swampy upper hairs as they mature. areas, in woodlands and heath with Banksia Flowers: Yellow flowers have a tuft of long attenuata, B. menziesii, Eucalyptus todtiana, twisted hairs at the apex, evenly spaced Nuytsia floribunda, Adenanthos cygnorum, from the central cavity, flower at ground Kingia sp, Allocasuarina humilis and level and grouped into erect heads. Xanthorrhoea preisii.

Fruit: Densely hairy fruits are 13 to 20 mm Flowering period long and 8 to 10 mm wide. December to February.

Seed maturity March.

Similar species Banksia nivea is superficially similar in appearance but has leaves with V-shaped gaps and pale brown flowers. Banksia lindleyana is also similar.

42 A B Jean Hort

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Jean Hort

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Flower and habit, D - Habit, E - Habitat Jean Hort Jean Hort 43 Southern serrate banksia Banksia serratuloides subsp. serratuloides Family: Proteaceae Status: Vulnerable

Derivation of name Derived from the genus Serratula and oides (like), referring to the resemblance of the species to the genus Serratula, which commonly has toothed leaves.

Authority and type collection Named by Carl Meisner in 1855 from specimens collected by James Drummond. The species was placed in Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele in 2007.

Description Habit: Low compact lignotuberous shrub Distribution map 0.3 to 1 m high.

Leaves: Crowded leaves are up to 5 to Distribution and habitat 8 cm long and 7 to 15 mm wide with 6 Scattered occurrences in the Gillingarra and to 15 lobes each side; each lobe does not Mogumber area in the Jarrah Forest and quite reach the midrib. Leaves are slightly Geraldton Sandplain IBRA regions. It grows greyish-green above and pale on the in red or brown loamy clay or sand over underside. laterite on ridge tops or slopes in woodland Flowers: Yellow flower heads are about and heath with Eucalyptus wandoo, 2.5 cm long, surrounded by outer bracts Banksia fraseri var. fraseri, B. kippistiana, that are covered in coarse hairs on the Calothamnus pachystachyus margins and apex. They are shiny brown and Gastrolobium polystachyum. and are 11 to 12 mm long. The bracts initially have white woolly margins, but Flowering period later become smooth. The outer floral June to September. whorl is covered with silky hairs. Seed maturity Fruit: Covered in dense coarse hairs, 5 to 6 mm long and wrinkled. September to December.

Similar species Banksia serratuloides subsp. perissa is superficially similar in appearance but has leaves with 20 to 33 lobes each side and outer bracts that are 22 to 25 mm long. It also has a more northerly distribution.

44 A B Joel Collins

C

JMC517

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

D

E Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Habit, D - Habitat, E - Leaf Joel Collins Joel Collins 45 Hinged dragon orchid Caladenia drakeoides Family: Orchidaceae Status: Critically Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the genus Drakaea and oides (like), referring to resemblance of the species to the genus Drakaea, due to the hanging petals and lateral sepals and loosely hinged labellum of the species.

Authority and type collection Named by Stephen Hopper and Andrew Brown in 2001 from specimens collected north-west of Dalwallinu by Stephen Hopper in August 1988.

Description Distribution map Habit: Tuberous inconspicuous perennial herb 12 to 30 cm high. Distribution and habitat Leaves: Produces a single leaf that is 3 to Scattered occurrences in the Dalwallinu, 5 cm long and 4 to 12 mm wide and tends Beacon, Coorow and Goomalling areas, to lie flat on the ground. with a disjunct population near Lake King, in Flowers: One or two green maroon flowers the Avon Wheatbelt, Geraldton Sandplains are up to 2 cm across with a loosely and Mallee IBRA regions. It grows in grey, hinged labellum that is 5 to 7 mm long. brown or red sandy clay, on the raised edges They have an insect-like lip and hanging of salt lakes, in shrubland with Melaleuca petals and sepals that are 13 to 17 mm sp., Acacia acuminata, Exocarpos aphyllus, long, 2.5 to 4 mm wide and are covered Santalum acuminatum, Caladenia cristata, in long hairs. The flower stalks are slender C. flava and Melaleuca sp. and covered in hairs. Flowering period Fruit: Not recorded. August to October.

Seed maturity October to November.

Similar species Caladenia barbarossa is superficially similar in appearance but has a stiffly hinged labellum and spreading petals and sepals. On rare occasions C. drakeoides hybridises with C. exilis and this plant has been named x C. ornata. 46 A B Joel Collins

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Mark Brundrett

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Flower and leaf, D - Habit, E - Habitat Mark Brundrett Herbarium WA 47 Stilted tinsel flower Calectasia pignattiana Family: Dasypogonaceae Status: Vulnerable

Derivation of name Named in honour of Erika and Alessandro Pignatti of Rome, who have contributed to the knowledge of Western Australian flora.

Authority and type collection Named by Kingsley Dixon and Russell Barrett in 2001 from specimens collected near Quairading by Kingsley Dixon in September 1988.

Description Habit: Erect shrub to 0.5 m high with stilt roots 1 to 6 cm long. Distribution map Leaves: Narrow pungent leaves are 5.2 to 11.5 mm long and 0.9 to1.4 mm wide, Flowering period hairless, with a sheath with branched August to October. outgrowths on the margins. Flowers: Star-shaped flowers have six Seed maturity narrow dark blue-purple lobes that fade November to December. with age. The flower has 6 yellow anthers, which change to orange-red with age. Similar species Fruit: The seeds are 2.7 mm long and Calectasia cyanea and C. gracilis are 0.5 mm wide forming a nut-like superficially similar in appearance. one-celled fruit.

Distribution and habitat Scattered occurrences in the Arthur River, Dumbleyung, Lake Grace, Kulin and Wickepin areas, with disjunct populations near Quairading and Dowerin, in the Avon Wheatbelt and Mallee IBRA regions. It grows in white or yellow sand over laterite in open woodlands, shrubland and heath with Nuytsia floribunda, Banksia sphaerocarpa, B. prionotes, Eremaea pauciflora, Leptospermum erubescens and Xanthorrhoea preissii.

48 A B Joel Collins

C

JMC520

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Flower, D - Habit, E - Habitat Joel Collins Joel Collins 49 One-headed smokebush Conospermum densiflorum subsp. unicephalatum Family: Proteaceae Status: Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin densus (crowed, dense) and flos, floris (flower), referring to the hairy flower spike and uni (one) and cephale (head), referring to the solitary, terminal flower spike.

Authority and type collection Named by Eleanor Bennett in 1985 from specimens collected south of Gillingarra by Ray Cranfield in September 1983.

Description Habit: Erect, much-branched shrub to 0.3 Distribution map to 0.6 m high.

Leaves Thread-like leaves are 3 to 4 cm long, Flowering period curved and covered in white spreading hairs. September to November. Flowers: A single flower head is 1.5 cm in diameter, almost globular, with single Seed maturity bluish-white tubular flowers 10 mm long, November. each with two lips. Slender, hairy floral bracts are as long as the flowers. The flower Similar species head is held on a single leafless stalk which Conospermum densiflorum subsp. is covered in white spreading hairs. densiflorum, is similar in appearance but has Fruit: The nut is 2 to 2.6 mm long and several (up to 10) flowering heads on each 1.5 to 2 mm wide, orange in colour and branch, forming a dense spike in which the covered in velvet-like hairs. flowers are in one horizontal plane (corymb).

Distribution and habitat Scattered occurrences in the Gillingarra and Mogumber areas in the Jarrah Forest and Geraldton Sandplains IBRA regions. It grows in brown loamy clay over laterite in low-lying situations in woodland and heath with Eucalyptus wandoo, Casuarina obesa, Adenanthos cygnorum, Banksia fraseri var. fraseri and Hakea incrassata.

50 A B Val English Val

C

JMC379

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Val English Val

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Flower, D - Habit, E - Habitat Val EnglishVal Joel Collins 51 Wongan conostylis Conostylis wonganensis Family: Haemodoraceae Status: Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the town name Wongan Hills and ensis (native of), named after Wongan Hills.

Authority and type collection Named by Stephen Hopper in 1982 from specimens he collected near Wongan Hills in August 1976.

Description Habit: Tufted rhizomatous perennial herb to 8 to 20 cm high.

Leaves: Green erect leaves are 8 to Distribution map 17 cm long and 0.5 to 0.9 mm in diameter, circular in cross-section and Flowering period hairless except for small bristles evenly July to September. spaced along margins. Flowers: Creamy yellow tubular flowers Seed maturity are up to 10 mm long with up to 10 October to November. flowers in each head. The flower stem is 1 to 3 cm long. Similar species Fruit: Not recorded. Conostylis teretiuscula, C. dielsii and C. caricina are similar in appearance but Distribution and habitat have broader, hairy leaves and larger flowers. Scattered occurrences in the Wongan Hills, Manmanning and Dowerin areas in the Avon Wheatbelt IBRA region. It grows in grey sand over laterite or yellow sand in mallee, shrubland and heath with Eucalyptus pyriformis, Allocasuarina campestris, Leptospermum erubescens, Ecdeiocolea monostachya and Borya constricta.

52 A B Sonya Thomas

C

D

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E Lyn Phillips Lyn

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Flower, D - Habitat, E - Habit Joel Collins Joel Collins 53 Western woolly cyphanthera Cyphanthera odgersii subsp. occidentalis Family: Solanaceae Status: Critically Endangered

Derivation of name Named in honour of William Henry Odgers (1828-81), under-secretary of the Chief Secretary’s Department of Victoria and the Latin occidentalis (western), referring to the westerly distribution of this subspecies.

Authority and type collection Named by Laurence Haegi in 1981 from specimens he collected at Cowcowing in September 1976.

Description Habit: Greyish erect shrub to 2.5 m high. Distribution map Stems: Covered with short felted hairs 1 to 6.5 mm long. Distribution and habitat Leaves: Woolly leaves are 25 to 35 mm Known only from a single population near long and 9 to 13 mm wide and are Cowcowing, north of Wyalkatchem, with covered in short felted hairs. an early historic collection made at Lake Moore in the Avon Wheatbelt IBRA region Flowers: Dense clusters, often forming and historically extending into the Yalgoo leafy spikes, on stalks up to 2 mm long. IBRA region. It grows in pale orange sandy The white petals are up to 8.5 mm long clay in shrubland with fringing mallee and and have longitudinal purple lines. woodlands with Allocasuarina acutivalvis, Fruit: The seed capsule is 3.5 mm long Acacia resinimarginea, A. coolgardiensis, with seeds 2.8 to 3.4 mm long. Santalum acuminatum, Keraudrenia integrifolia and Olearia pimeleoides.

Flowering period September to December.

Seed maturity November to December.

Similar species Cyphanthera odgersii subsp. odgersii is superficially similar in appearance but is smaller and has shorter hairs on the branches and smaller leaves.

54 A B Lorraine Duffy

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Flower and leaf, D - Habit, E - Habitat Wendy JohnstonWendy Joel Collins 55 Fine-leaved darwinia Darwinia acerosa Family: Myrtaceae Status: Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin acerosus (needle-shaped), referring to the fine needle-shaped leaves.

Authority and type collection Named by William Fitzgerald in 1904 from specimens he collected near Mogumber in November 1903.

Description Habit: Spreading densely branched shrub to 0.2 to 0.6 m high.

Leaves: Crowed, finely pointed, often Distribution map hooked leaves are up to 1 cm long and less than 1 mm wide. Distribution and habitat Flowers: Yellowish-green flowers are Scattered occurrences in the Gillingarra drooping, about 1.5 cm across and and Mogumber areas in the Jarrah Forest terminate the short branches. Each flower and Avon Wheatbelt IBRA regions. It grows head is enclosed by numerous spreading in brown loam and clay over granite or green bracts with purplish-red margins, laterite, sometimes on granite outcrops, in that are longer than the flowers but do not woodlands and shrubland with Eucalyptus hide them. The red styles are hairy below wandoo, Corymbia calophylla, Melaleuca the stigma and are less than 0.5 cm long. radula, Isopogon divergens, Viminaria juncea, Glischrocaryon aureum and Grevillea Fruit: Not recorded. endlicheriana.

Flowering period August to November.

Seed maturity November.

Similar species Darwinia masonii and D. purpurea are superficially similar in appearance.

56 A B Andrew Brown Andrew

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Flower, D - Habit, E - Habitat Andrew BrownAndrew Brown Andrew 57 Mogumber bell Darwinia carnea Family: Myrtaceae Status: Critically Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin carneus (flesh-coloured), referring to the pinkish-red colour of the bracts surrounding the flowers.

Authority and type collection Named by Charles Gardner in 1928 from specimens he collected near Mogumber in 1922.

Description Habit: Small spreading shrub to 0.2 to 0.45 m high. Distribution map Leaves: Narrow keeled leaves are 6 to 10 mm long and are arranged in opposite ridge-tops and breakaways in woodland and pairs along the stem. heath with Eucalyptus wandoo, E. accedens, Flowers: Drooping flower heads are Banksia nobilis, Hibbertia hypericoides and surrounded by broad yellow-green to Adenanthos cygnorum. pinkish-red bracts, up to 3 cm long. Each flower head contains 8 tubular flowers that Flowering period have short, blunt lobes, about 1.5 mm long October to December. and 5 white petals that are 4 mm long. The style is 13.5 mm long and has a curved Seed maturity bearded tip. December. Fruit: Not recorded. Similar species Distribution and habitat Plants near Mogumber are taller, have a different habit, a larger inflorescence and Scattered occurrences in the Mogumber different coloured bracts to those found and Narrogin areas, with an earlier at Narrogin. Further study is required to collection made in the Stirling Range (this determine if there are sufficient differences location is likely to be an error), in the to separate the two into distinct taxa. Avon Wheatbelt and Jarrah Forest IBRA regions, and historically extending into the Esperance Plains IBRA region. It grows in brown sandy loam over lateritic gravel on

58 A B Andrew Brown Andrew

C

JMC377

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Gillian Stack

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Habit, D - Seed, E - Habitat Threatened Flora Seed CentreThreatened Brown Andrew 59 Cunderdin daviesia Daviesia cunderdin Family: Papilionaceae Status: Critically Endangered

Derivation of name Named after Cunderdin, a town in the vicinity of the only known population.

Authority and type collection Named by Gregory Chandler and Michael Crisp from specimens collected north of Cunderdin by Ray Cranfield in 1996.

Description Habit: Erect, intricately branched shrub to 1.2 to 1.6 m high. Leaves: Dull green phyllodes are 10 to 20 mm long and 4 to 9 mm wide, Distribution map elliptical to ovate, rounded at the base with a pungent tip. Phyllodes are held at Flowering period approximately 45º from the stems. April to May. Flowers: Dull red to orange-red pea flowers have a unique standard petal Seed maturity 12 to 15 mm long, which remains partly August to September. folded, a keel 16 to 18 mm long and wings 13 to 17 mm long. Similar species Fruit: Pods are triangular in shape. Daviesia cardiophylla, D. euryloba and D. umbonata are similar in appearance but Distribution and habitat have smaller yellow and red flowers. Only known from a single population north of Cunderdin in the Avon Wheatbelt IBRA region. It grows in light brown to grey sand over laterite in highly modified mallee and shrubland with Eucalyptus pyriformis, Leptospermum erubescens, Banksia vestita, Acacia volubilis (DRF) and Grevillea hookeriana.

60 A B Andrew Brown Andrew

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Flower, D - Habit, E - Leaf Joel Collins Joel Collins 61 Diels’ daviesia Daviesia dielsii Family: Papilionaceae Status: Endangered

Derivation of name Named in honour of Friedrich Diels (1874-1945), who collected widely in Western Australia during 1900-01.

Authority and type collection Named by Ernst Pritzel in 1904 from specimens he collected near Moora.

Description Habit: Erect intricately branched shrub 0.5 to 0.9 m high. Stems: Covered in dense hairs. Distribution map Leaves: Small leaves are flattened and obliquely oval, usually densely hairy, 2 to 4 mm long and 1 to 3 mm wide with 1 to Distribution and habitat 2 prominent nerves and a sharp point. Scattered occurrences in the Moora, Watheroo and Dalwallinu areas in the Flowers: Small orange and red pea Avon Wheatbelt and Geraldton Sandplains flowers have a floral whorl 5 to 6 mm IBRA regions. It grows in brown and grey long, with the calyx lobes shorter than the sandy loam over laterite and yellow sand tube. The flowers are borne singularly in in shrubland with Actinostrobus arenarius, the axils of the upper phyllodes. Allocasuarina campestris, Calothamnus Fruit: Triangular pods are about 1 mm quadrifidus, Leptospermum erubescens and long and have convex valves. Hakea scoparia. Flowering period July to August.

Seed maturity November to December.

Similar species Unknown.

62 A B Joel Collins

C

JMC244

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Flower and leaf, D - Fruit, E - Habit Joel Collins Joel Collins 63 Wongan cactus Daviesia euphorbioides Family: Papilionaceae Status: Critically Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the genus Euphorbia and oides (like), referring to the resemblance of the species to that genus.

Authority and type collection Named by George Bentham in 1864 from specimens collected from an unknown location in south-western Australia by James Drummond.

Description Habit: Erect spreading spiny shrub 0.4 to 0.8 m high. Distribution map Stems Very thick greyish-green cylindrical stems are 6 to 10 mm in diameter, Distribution and habitat appearing succulent but pithy inside. Scattered occurrences in the Wongan Leaves: Reduced to small, prickly, recurved Hills, Goomalling and Dowerin areas spines that are 3 to 5 mm long and are in the Avon Wheatbelt IBRA region. It dark green in colour. grows in grey or brown sandy loam or clay over laterite in shrubland and heath Flowers: Orange or yellow pea flowers with Allocasuarina campestris, Grevillea have a deep red keel and are produced in hookeriana, G. armigera, Hakea scoparia clusters from the axils of the scales. and Ecdeiocolea monostachya. Fruit: Triangular-shaped pods are approximately 15 mm long and 12 mm Flowering period wide and have a sharp apex. Each pod June to July. produces 1 to 2 mottled seeds. Seed maturity November.

Similar species Unknown.

64 A B Joel Collins

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flowers, C - Fruit and seed, D - Habit, E - Habitat Joel Collins Victoria Philpott 65 Keighery’s eleocharis Eleocharis keigheryi Family: Cyperaceae Status: Vulnerable

Derivation of name Named in honour of Greg Keighery who first collected the species.

Authority and type collection Named by Karen Wilson in 1997 from specimens collected near Ellen Brook, north of Perth by Greg Keighery in October 1978.

Description Habit: Erect rhizomatous perennial aquatic sedge to 0.4 m high. Stems: Smooth green stems are 20 to 40 cm tall and 1 to 2 mm in diameter, Distribution map dying off over summer. Distribution and habitat Leaves: Reduced to straw-coloured sheaths at the base of the plant. Scattered occurrences in the Eneabba, Dandaragan, Bindoon, Toodyay, Beverley, Flowers: Colourless or very pale green Capel and Boyup Brook areas in the Avon inflorescences are 4 to 6 mm long and 1 to Wheatbelt, Geraldton Sandplains, Jarrah 2 mm wide, cylindrical in shape and with Forest and Swan Coastal Plain IBRA regions. It spirally arranged green bracts. Each flower grows in brown and grey seasonally wet clay consists of 3 stamens and a feathery stigma pans with fringing woodland and shrubland that divides into 3. with Casuarina obesa, Eucalyptus rudis, Melaleuca rhaphiophylla, Melaleuca lateritia, Fruit: Not recorded. Eleocharis acuta and Amphibromus nervosus.

Flowering period August to November.

Seed maturity November to December.

Similar species Eleocharis acuta is similar in appearance but has a shorter inflorescence covered with dark brown bracts.

66 A B WA Herbarium WA

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

D

E WA Herbarium WA

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Roots, D - Habit and habitat, E - Flowering stem Greg KeigheryGreg Herbarium WA 67 Pinnate-leaf eremophila Eremophila pinnatifida Family: Myoporaceae Status: Critically Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin pinnatifid (lobed in a pinnate manner), referring to the leaf that is divided into lobes about three- quarters of the way to the midrib.

Authority and type collection Named by Bob Chinnock in 2007 from specimens he collected near Dalwallinu in September 1990.

Description Habit: Erect spreading aromatic shrub 0.6 to 1 m high. Distribution map Leaves: Resinous leaves are in whorls of 3, deeply lobed, 5 to 9.5 mm long and 2.5 to Flowering period 4.5 mm wide with long white hairs mainly August to February. on the upper surface. Flowers: Pale purple flowers are 18 to Seed maturity 25 mm long, long downy hairs on the June to July. outside, white inside with pale purple spots. Similar species Fruit: Dry woody fruits are broadly egg-shaped, 3.5 to 4 mm long and 2.4 to Eremophila ternifolia, E. sargentii and 3.2 mm wide. Seeds are 2.5 mm long and E. verticillata are similar in appearance but 0.7 mm wide. lack pinnate leaves and prominent downy hairs on their vegetative parts. Distribution and habitat Scattered occurrences in the Dalwallinu area, with a disjunct occurrence north of Wongan Hills in the Avon Wheatbelt IBRA region. It grows in red or brown clay loam in woodland and shrubland with Eucalyptus salmonophloia, E. salubris, Santalum acuminatum, Templetonia sulcata and Acacia merrallii.

68 A B Joel Collins

C

JMC315

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Wendy Johnston Wendy

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower and leaf, C - Flower, D - Flower, E - Habit and habitat Andrew BrownAndrew Johnston Wendy 69 Resinous eremophila Eremophila resinosa Family: Myoporaceae Status: Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin resina (resin) and osus (abounds in), referring to the resinous covering on most parts of the upper stems, including the petals.

Authority and type collection Named as a species of Pholidia by Stephan Endlicher in 1838 from specimens collected in an unknown location by John Septimus Roe in 1835. The species was placed in Eremophila by Ferdinand von Mueller in 1859.

Description Distribution map Habit: Low spreading shrub 0.4 to 1 m high. Distribution and habitat Scattered occurrences in the Koorda, Stems: Covered in wart-like lumps. Warralakin and Westonia areas in the Avon Leaves: Greyish-green leaves are 6 to Wheatbelt IBRA region. It grows in red or 12 mm long and 2 to 2.5 mm wide, brown clay loam, occasionally with laterite, covered in sparse to dense short hairs, in woodland, mallee and shrubland with pointed or blunt at the tips and are Eucalyptus salmonophloia, E. sheathiana, arranged alternately along the stems. Santalum acuminatum, Acacia mackeyana and Exocarpus aphyllus. Flowers: Violet flowers are 13 to 18 mm long, hairy on the outside, white inside Flowering period with violet spots. The stamens do not September to January (April). protrude from the floral tube. The lobes of the calyx are narrow, pointed and hairy. Seed maturity Fruit: Dry fruits are egg-shaped 3.8 to November to January. 4.3 mm long and 2.3 to 3 mm wide and covered in hairs. Similar species Eremophila delisseri is similar in appearance but is larger and has a less intricate growth form. It also has a different sepal shape and lacks very fine hairs on the branches.

70 A B Wendy Johnston Wendy

C

JMC85

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Flower and leaf, D - Habit, E - Habitat Wendy JohnstonWendy Joel Collins 71 Wongan eremophila Eremophila ternifolia Family: Myoporaceae Status: Vulnerable

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin terni (three each) and folium (leaf), referring to the 3-leaf whorled arrangement along the stem.

Authority and type collection Named by Bob Chinnock in 1982 from specimens collected near Wongan Hills by Bruce Maslin in December 1980.

Description Habit: Low spreading aromatic shrub 0.3 to 0.5 m high.

Leaves: Arranged in whorls of 3, light green Distribution map but often reddish-brown on the underside and along the margins, 6 to 11 mm long, Distribution and habitat 2.5 to 4 mm wide and hairless. Only known from the Wongan Hills area in Flowers: Lilac flowers are 8 to 10 mm long, the Avon Wheatbelt IBRA region. It grows with scattered short hairs on the outside, on red or brown clay loam on or between white inside with purple spots. Calyx lobes breakaways in woodland and shrubland are narrow, pointed and hairy. Stamens with Eucalyptus longicornis, E. salubris, are non-protruding from a floral tube. The Santalum acuminatum, Melaleuca adnata flowers are usually solitary towards the and Acacia orbifolia. ends of the branchlets. Flowering period Fruit: Dry woody egg-shaped fruits are September to February. 2.3 to 3.2 mm long and 2.2 to 3 mm wide. Seed is to 2 mm long and 0.5 mm wide. Seed maturity December to March.

Similar species Eremophila verticillata and E. veronica are similar in appearance but have rounded branches, smaller, narrower leaves and smooth sepals.

72 A B Nicole Willers

C

JMC61

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Sonya Thomas

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Leaf, D - Habit, E - Habitat Joel Collins Joel Collins 73 Resinous poverty bush Eremophila vernicosa Family: Myoporaceae Status: Vulnerable

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin vernix -icis (varnish) and osus (abounding in), referring to the varnished appearance of the leaves.

Authority and type collection Named by Bob Chinnock in 2007 from specimens collected near Kalannie by William Blackall in September 1938.

Description Habit: Erect spreading shrub to 1 m high. Stems: White stems are covered in a thick layer of resin. Distribution map Leaves: Resinous leaves are 4 to 6 mm long and 2 to 3.5 mm wide, hairless, recurved Distribution and habitat downwards, spiny tipped with a prominent Scattered occurrences in the Coorow and midrib on the underside. Leaf margins are Wubin areas, with an earlier collection obscurely or distinctly toothed. made near Kalannie, in the Avon Wheatbelt and Geraldton Sandplain IBRA regions. Flowers: Lilac to light purple flowers are It grows in light brown sandy clay loam 9 to 11 mm long covered in flat-lying hairs over laterite near low laterite breakaways, on the outside and inside surfaces of the in woodland, mallee and shrubland with lobes. Each flower has 4 stamens enclosed Eucalyptus horistes, Melaleuca coronicarpa, in the petal tube. Acacia saxatilis, Santalum acuminatum and Fruit: Egg-shaped fruits are 3.5 mm long Olearia muelleri. and 1.6 mm wide, ribbed with scattered hairs. Flowering period September.

Seed maturity December.

Similar species Unknown.

74 A B Andrew Brown Andrew

C

JMC312

D 2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E Sonya Thomas

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Flower and leaf, D - Habitat, E - Flower and leaf Andrew BrownAndrew Brown Andrew 75 Varnish bush Eremophila viscida Family: Myoporaceae Status: Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin viscidus (sticky), referring to the resinous branches and leaves.

Authority and type collection Named by Stephan Endlicher in 1838 from specimens collected by John Septimus Roe from an unknown location in Western Australia.

Description Habit: Erect multi-stemmed shrub or small tree to 5 m tall. Distribution map Leaves: Resinous shiny narrow leaves are 45 to 90 mm long and 10 to 21 mm wide, clay loams in woodland and shrubland, hairless with finely serrated margins. often near salt lakes with Eucalyptus loxophleba, Melaleuca uncinata, Acacia Flowers: Cream-tinged crimson or cream- acuminata and Rhagodia drummondii. tinged metallic blue-green flowers are 20 to 25 mm long with crimson to blackish- purple spots inside the floral tube. Flowers Flowering period are on hairless stalks that are 5 to 7 mm August to November. long and are resinous, 1 to 3 flowers per axil. Stamens project beyond the tube. Seed maturity December. Fruit: Egg-shaped fruits are 5 to 7.5 mm long and 3.5 to 4.5 mm wide and hairy on Similar species the upper section. Seeds are 2.2 long and 0.9 to 1 mm wide. Eremophila neglecta is superficially similar in appearance but has hairy branches, shorter Distribution and habitat hairy leaves, a different flower colour and smooth fruit. Eremophila lucida is also Scattered occurrences in the Mullewa, similar but has a different flower colour, Pithara, Ballidu, Mukinbudin, Nungarin longer flower stalks and a smooth outer and Westonia areas in the Avon Wheatbelt corolla surface. IBRA region and extending into the Yalgoo IBRA region. It grows in light brown sandy and clay loams over granites or red-brown

76 A B Wendy Johnston Wendy

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Fruit, D - Flower, E - Habitat Joel Collins Crawford Andrew 77 Midlands gum Eucalyptus pruiniramis Family: Myrtaceae Status: Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin pruinosus (frosted) and ramus (branch), referring to the powdery white branches.

Authority and type collection Named by Lawrence Johnson and Kenneth Hill in 1992 from specimens collected north of Watheroo by Lawrence Johnson, Kenneth Hill, Donald Blaxell and Murray Brooker in October 1983.

Description Habit: Small tree of poor form or mallee up Distribution map to 2.5 to 7 m high.

Stems: Smooth, powdery white and Distribution and habitat strongly glaucous. Scattered occurrences in the Three Springs, Leaves: Dull green to grey-green leaves are Watheroo and Gillingarra areas in the Avon lance-shaped, 8 to 12 cm long and 1 to Wheatbelt, Geraldton Sandplains and Jarrah 2.5 cm wide. Forest IBRA regions. It grows in yellow sand or brown sandy-loam quartzite skeletal soils Bark: Rough bark 1 to 2 m at base, but the over sandstone or laterite, usually on slopes, mallee form is smooth throughout, with in open low mallee woodland over heath smooth dark grey to grey-brown or grey- and shrubland. It grows with Eucalyptus black in the upper branches. eudesmioides, E. loxophleba, E. drummondii, Flowers: Simple inflorescences are white E. accedens, Allocasuarina campestris and or cream. Hakea gilbertii.

Fruit: Mature buds are ovoid, glaucous and Flowering period 1.4 to 1.7 cm long and 0.6 to 0.7 cm wide. December to January. Fruits are glaucous, cupular to cylindrical, 1 to 1.2 cm wide and 0.9 to 1 cm wide. Grey- Seed maturity brown seeds are compressed-ovoid. September.

Similar species Eucalyptus accedens is superficially similar in appearance but has slightly smaller buds and smooth bark throughout.

78 A B WA Herbarium WA

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Lorraine Duffy

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Fruit, C - Bud, D - Bark, E - Habit and habitat Lorraine Duffy Herbarium WA 79 Wongan mallet Eucalyptus recta Family: Myrtaceae Status: Vulnerable

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin rectus (straight), referring to the straight trunks.

Authority and type collection Named by Lawrence Johnson and Kenneth Hill in 1992 from specimens collected near Cadoux by Lawrence Johnson, Kenneth Hill and Donald Blaxell in November 1986.

Description Habit: Tree (mallet) to 15 m high with a straight trunk to approximately 5 m high.

Leaves: Glossy leaves are lance to Distribution map sickle-shaped 5 to 10 cm long and 11 to 16 mm wide with lateral veins at 30 to 40º Distribution and habitat to midrib. Scattered occurrences in the Cadoux and Bark: Smooth, shining pale silver-grey Wongan Hills areas in the Avon Wheatbelt or white. IBRA region. It grows in white or pale yellow sand over laterite, sometimes on Flowers: Creamy white to pale yellow lateritic slopes and ridges, in woodland, flowers are borne on flower stalks 9 to mallee and shrubland with Eucalyptus 18 mm long. horistes, E. wandoo, E. salmonophloia, Fruit: Mature buds are cone-shaped, 22 to E. astringens subsp. astringens, E. gardneri 25 mm long and 8 to 9 mm in diameter, subsp. gardneri, Leptospermum erubescens, with a long acute cap. Fruits are globular, Allocasuarina acutivalvis and Santalum distinctly ribbed, 8 to 9 mm long and 10 acuminatum. to 12 mm wide. Seeds are glossy dark grey 1.5 to 2 mm long and elliptic in shape. Flowering period January (May).

Seed maturity March.

Similar species Eucalyptus ornata is similar in appearance but has smaller buds 14 to 20 mm long.

80 A B Joel Collins

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Fruit, C - Bark, D - Habit, E - Bud and flower Joel Collins Joel Collins 81 Jingymia mallee Eucalyptus synandra Family: Myrtaceae Status: Vulnerable

Derivation of name Derived from the Greek syn (along with, together with) and andros (man), referring to the stamens of the flower being united at the base forming a tube.

Authority and type collection Named by Michael Crisp in 1982 from specimens collected at Jingymia by Alex George in January 1981.

Description Habit: Mallee to 3.5 to 10 m high, multi- stemmed with weeping habit. Distribution map Leaves: Dull light green leaves are linear to narrow lance-shaped, 7 to 20 cm long extending into the Coolgardie and Yalgoo and 0.3 to 1.6 cm wide, held erect or IBRA regions. It grows in brown, red or pendulous. orange sand or sandy loam over laterite, Bark: Smooth throughout, grey or red over sometimes on banded ironstone along powdery white. ridges, in mallee and shrubland with Eucalyptus subangusta subsp. subangusta, Flowers: Creamy flowers, maturing pink, E. loxophleba subsp lissophloia, E. ewartiana, are borne on flower stalks 1 to 2.4 cm Allocasuarina campestris, A. acutivalvis and long. Melaleuca cordata. Fruit: Mature buds are ovoid to conical with Flowering period a conical to beaked cap, 10 to 20 mm long and 5 to 7 mm wide. Stamen filaments are December to March. united in the lower half forming a tube. Fruits are hemispherical in shape, 0.3 to Seed maturity 0.5 cm long and 0.8 to 1.4 cm wide, with October. a thick rim and a broad disc. There are 4 or 5 valves. Seeds are brown and are Similar species compressed ovoid or D-shaped. Eucalyptus leptopoda is similar in appearance but has smaller buds 5 to 9 mm long and 4 Distribution and habitat to 7 mm wide. E. beardiana is also similar Scattered occurrences from the Morawa, but differs in the larger buds and less united Perenjori, Koorda and Beacon areas in filaments in the lower half of the flower. the Avon Wheatbelt IBRA region and

82 A B Threatened Flora Seed Centre Threatened

C

JMC301

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Phil Roberts

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Fruit and seed, C - Bark, D - Habit and habitat, E - Flower Mick Davis R.Clifton 83 Silky frankenia Frankenia conferta Family: Frankeniaceae Status: Vulnerable

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin confertus (crowded), referring to the leaves that cluster at the nodes.

Authority and type collection Named by Friedrich Diels in 1904 from specimens collected by Martha Heal in 1890 east of York.

Description Habit: Compact, domed, small shrub to approximately 20 cm high.

Stems: Covered in short spreading hairs. Distribution map Leaves: Greyish leaves are linear, 2 to 5 mm sand over clay on the edges of salt lakes long and 1 mm wide, clustered at the nodes in shrubland and herbs with Halosarcia and covered in short stiff hairs. Leaves are fimbriata, H. pergranulata, H. indica subsp. stalkless, have margins recurved to cover the bidens, H. peltata, Frankenia glomerata midrib with each pair of leaves united by a and Gunniopsis quadrifida. sheath and edged with fine hairs. Flowers: White or pink flowers are 6 to Flowering period 8 mm long and have 5 petals. Flowers are October to November. grouped in dense heads at the tops of the branches. There are 6 stamens and the Seed maturity style branches into 3 linear segments. November. Fruit: Not recorded. The seed is covered with small nodules. Similar species Frankenia brachyphylla is similar in Distribution and habitat appearance but differs in the solitary Scattered occurrences from the Perenjori, inflorescence. F. decurrens is also similar Coorow, Ballidu, Kalannie, Wyalkatchem but differs in the shape of the leaf and Koorda areas, with an historical lamina, which is free below the point of collection made near Northam, in the Avon attachment, and does not extend down Wheatbelt and Geraldton Sandplains IBRA the stem. regions. It grows in grey, white or brown

84 A B Joel Collins

C

JMC295

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Fruit, D - Habit, E - Habit and habitat Joel Collins Crawford Andrew 85 Short-leaved frankenia Frankenia parvula Family: Frankeniaceae Status: Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin parvulus (very small), referring to the tiny leaves.

Authority and type collection Named by Porphir Turczaninow in 1854 from specimens collected from an unknown location in south western Australia by James Drummond.

Description Habit: Compact, domed, small shrub to approximately 10 cm high.

Stems: Creeping to upright stems are Distribution map hairless or sparsely covered in short stiff hairs. Distribution and habitat Leaves: Small leaves are 1.5 to 3 mm long Scattered occurrences in the Cunderdin, and slightly curved. The upper surface is Kellerberrin and Southern Cross areas slightly hairy, becoming hairless with age, in the Avon Wheatbelt IBRA region and and the underside is covered in short stiff extending into the Coolgardie IBRA region. hairs. Leaves are stalked, narrowly oblong It grows in grey, white or pale orange and circular in cross-section. sand over clay on the edges of salt lakes in shrubland and herbs with Tecticornia Flowers: Pink flowers are solitary at the end halocnemoides, Sarcocornia globosa, of the branches or in heads of 2 or 3. Each Roycea pycnophylloides (DRF), Frankenia flower has 5 petals that are 5 to 6 mm long glomerata and Stylidium pulviniforme. with 6 or 7 stamens and a style which has 3 branches. The thickly ribbed calyx has Flowering period spreading bristly hairs and short appressed November to December. hairs above and hairless below. The ovules are attached to the wall of the ovary. Seed maturity Fruit: Not recorded. December.

Similar species Unknown.

86 A B Andrew Crawford Andrew

C

JMC92

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Flower and leaf, D - Habit, E - Habitat Joel Collins Joel Collins 87 Spike poison Gastrolobium glaucum Family: Papilionaceae Status: Critically Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin glaucus (bluish-grey or green), referring to the bluish-grey film on the leaves.

Authority and type collection Named by Charles Gardner in 1942 from specimens he collected near Wongan Hills in September 1924.

Description Habit: Erect shrub 0.2 to 1.2 m high. Stems: Round in cross-section and covered in short stiff hairs with small black stipules Distribution map 3 to 4 mm long. Leaves: Bluish-green or almost grey leaves Distribution and habitat are 13 to 17 mm long and 8 to 11 mm Confined to the Wongan Hills area in wide, arranged in whorls of 3 and vary the Avon Wheatbelt IBRA region. It from circular to elliptical or oval. The grows in grey or brown sandy loam over leaves are held erect, with or without a laterite in mallee, shrubland and heath pungent point and a rounded to wedge- with Eucalyptus pyriformis, Allocasuarina shaped leaf base. campestris, Leptospermum erubescens, Hakea incrassata, Melaleuca pungens and Flowers: Yellow-orange to orange pea Gastrolobium hamulosum (DRF). flowers have a red ring surrounding the yellow centre and are 10 to 11 mm long Flowering period and 13 to14 mm wide (corolla), borne August to October. above the leaves in terminal flower spikes. The calyx is covered in long soft hairs. Seed maturity Fruit: The pods are very broadly November. transversely elliptic to circular, 4 to 4.5 mm long, 4.5 mm wide and covered Similar species in moderate to dense long soft hairs. Seed Gastrolobium hamulosum is similar in not recorded. appearance but differs in the smaller leaves and a hooked point on the leaf. G. rotundifolium is also similar but differs in the long needle-like point on the leaf (up to 5 mm long) and much larger stipules (10 to 15 mm long).

88 A B Joel Collins

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Flower and leaf, D - Habit, E - Habit and habitat Joel Collins Joel Collins 89 Hook-point poison Gastrolobium hamulosum Family: Papilionaceae Status: Critically Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin hamulus (a small hook) and osus (abounding in), referring to the hooked leaf tips.

Authority and type collection Named by Carl Meissner in 1848 from collections made from an unknown location in south-western Australia by James Drummond.

Description Habit: Low shrub 0.2 to 0.4 m high

Stems: Numerous slender stems are Distribution map covered in moderate to dense short stiff hairs. Distribution and habitat Leaves: Obovate to elliptic leaves are 6 Scattered occurrences in the Watheroo, to 11.5 mm long and 3 to 4.5 mm wide, Piawaning, Calingiri and Wongan Hills sparsely to moderately covered in short areas in the Avon Wheatbelt and Geraldton stiff hairs and have prominent net veins. Sandplain IBRA regions. It grows in grey, The leaves have a rounded tip with a small white or brown sandy loam over laterite hook point and a midrib that is raised in shrubland and heath with Allocasuarina underneath. The leaves are arranged in campestris, Gastrolobium spinosum, well-spaced intervals of whorls of 3 along Gastrolobium glaucum (DRF), Acacia the stem. cochlocarpa subsp. cochlocarpa (DRF) and Hakea scoparia. Flowers: Yellow or orange pea flowers have a red ring surrounding the red Flowering period centre and are 9 to 9.5 mm long, up to August to November. 11 mm wide (corolla) and arranged in short clusters at the ends of the branches. Seed maturity The calyx has long silky hairs and deeply divided lobes, which taper to long points. November.

Fruit: Pods are 4 to 5 mm long and 2.5 to Similar species 4 mm wide and covered in moderate to Gastrolobium parvifolium is similar in dense long soft hairs. Seeds are 1.5 to appearance but differs in the crowded leaves 2 mm long. along the stem and the absence of a sharp hooked point on the leaf.

90 A B Wendy Johnston Wendy

C

JMC60

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Wendy Johnston Wendy

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Flower and leaf, D - Fruit and seed, E - Habitat Anne Kelly Joel Collins 91 Nangetty grass Glyceria drummondii Family: Poaceae Status: Endangered

Derivation of name Named in honour of James Drummond (1784-1863), most prolific botanical collector in Western Australia of his time.

Authority and type collection Named by Charles Hubbard in 1934 from specimens collected from an unknown location in south-western Australia by James Drummond in 1848.

Description Habit: Erect rhizomatous aquatic annual grass to approximately 30 cm high. Distribution map Leaves: Hairless leaves are flat, rough on the upper surface and have an oblong Flowering period ligule (small, tongue-shaped appendage). July to October. Flowers: Produced on narrow loose panicles each bearing 1 to 4 spikelets. Seed maturity The lower scale of the individual floret is October to November. tapered upwards and the upper scale has rough keels, 8 to 9 mm long, longer than Similar species the lower scale. The internodes between Glyceria declinata is similar in appearance the flowering glumes (bracts at the base of but differs by the longer internodes each spikelet) are up to 4 mm long. between the spikelets, smaller glumes Fruit: Not recorded. (bracts enclosing individual florets) and tapering lemmas and rough palea, which Distribution and habitat are longer than the lemma. Restricted to 2 disjunct locations in the Beverley and Mingenew areas in the Avon Wheatbelt and Geraldton Sandplains IBRA region. It grows in brown or grey sandy clay in seasonally wet clay pans in woodlands and shrubland with Casuarina obesa, Hakea preisii, Maireana pyramidata, Atriplex bunburyana and Eleocharis keigheryi (DRF).

92 A B WA Herbarium WA

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower spike, C - Flower Alanna Chant 93 Goodenia arthrotricha Goodenia arthrotricha Family: Goodeniaceae Status: Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Greek arthron (a joint) and trichos (hair), referring to the jointed hairs inside the corolla.

Authority and type collection Named by Ferdinand von Mueller in 1868 from specimens collected from an unknown location in south-western Australia by James Drummond.

Description Habit: Erect perennial herb to 40 cm high.

Leaves: Linear to oblanceolate leaves are Distribution map up to 5 cm long and 3 to 5 mm wide, sticky and stalkless. Distribution and habitat Flowers: Blue flowers are 14 to 20 mm Scattered occurrences from the Gillingarra, long with a white throat, few hairs inside Moora, Bindoon, Gosnells and Donnybrook corolla and unequal lobes. Flowers are areas in the Avon Wheatbelt, Jarrah Forest produced in clusters up to 20 cm long and Swan Coastal Plain IBRA regions. with bracts leaf-like 1 to 2 cm long, It grows in brown loam over granite, flower stalks are 2 to 6 cm long. The sometimes near outcrops, in woodland flowering stalk has brownish sticky hairs and heath with Corymbia calophylla, below the head. Allocasuarina huegeliana, Xanthorrhoea preissii, Hakea incrassata, Conospermum Fruit: Ovoid pods are 4 to 5 mm long densiflorum subsp. unicephalatum (DRF) with valves divided at base. Seeds are pale and Borya constricta. brown and 2 mm long. Flowering period October to November.

Seed maturity December.

Similar species Unknown.

94 A B Andrew Crawford Andrew 474 H.BOWLER

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D WA Herbarium WA

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Fruit, D - Flower, E - Leaf WA HerbariumWA Crawford Andrew 95 Bracted grevillea Grevillea bracteosa subsp. bracteosa Family: Proteaceae Status: Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin bractea (floral bracts) and osus (abounding in), referring to the prominent scaly bracts that enclose the flowers.

Authority and type collection Named by Carl Meisner in 1848 from specimens collected from an unknown location in south-western Australia by James Drummond.

Description Habit: Erect, rounded, spreading shrub 1 to Distribution map 2 m high. Stems: Almost round in cross-section Distribution and habitat and silky. Scattered occurrences from the Dalwallinu, Miling, Moora and Toodyay areas in the Leaves: Linear leaves are 5 to 25 cm long and Avon Wheatbelt, Geraldton Sandplains 1.3 mm wide, rarely divided at the base into and Jarrah Forest IBRA regions. It grows in 2 or 3 linear segments. The upper surface yellow or brown sandy loam over laterite of the leaf is lightly silky to hairless with a in shrubland and heath with Allocasuarina prominent midvein and a pointed end. campestris, A. humilis, Hakea undulata, Flowers: Rose-pink, pale pink or white H. incrassata, Grevillea bipinnatifida, dome-shaped flowers are 1.3 to 1.5 cm G. petrophiloides, Calothamnus accedens wide, floral bracts are 4 to 7.5 mm long and Ecdeiocolea monostachya. and 5 to 7 mm wide and the stalks of the individual flower are 0.18 to 2.5 mm long. Flowering period The inflorescence stalk is 3 to 5 mm long August to October. and is produced towards the end of the stems. The pistil is 15.5 mm long and the Seed maturity swollen portion of the style end is 2.25 to November to December. 2.5 mm long and 0.75 mm thick. Fruit: Narrowly obovoid pods are 12 to Similar species 20 mm long and 2.5 mm wide, each with a Grevillea bracteosa subsp. howatharra long projection at the apex. Seeds are 8 to is superficially similar in appearance but 13 mm long and 2.5 mm wide. differs in its larger inflorescences (2 cm wide), larger floral bracts (8.5 to 10 mm long), smaller inflorescence stalk (8 to 12 mm long) and larger individual flower stalks (4 to 5.75 mm long). 96 A B Joel Collins

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

D

E Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Fruit and seed, D - Habit and habitat, E - Leaf Joel Collins Anne Kelly 97 Christine’s grevillea Grevillea christineae Family: Proteaceae Status: Endangered

Derivation of name Named in honour of Christine Cornish who assisted Don McGillivray with his revision of the genus Grevillea.

Authority and type collection Named by Donald McGillivray in 1986 from specimens collected near Goomalling by Alex George in September 1979.

Description Habit: Open or wiry shrub 0.5 to 1 m high. Stems: Zigzagging stems are angular and silky when young but turning hairless Distribution map with age. Distribution and habitat Leaves: Narrow leaves are 2 to 6 cm long Scattered occurrences in the Northampton, and 6 mm wide, with margins loosely Watheroo, Goomalling and Upper Swan rolled back and with a sharp tip. The upper areas in the Avon Wheatbelt, Geraldton surface is silky becoming hairless with age Sandplains and Swan Coastal Plain IBRA with a prominent midvein evident. regions. It grows in brown or red sandy loam Flowers: White flowers are 4 to 5.5 mm over granite or laterite, sometimes near long, hairy on the outside and are held drainage lines, in woodland and shrubland in short clusters, about 1.5 cm long. The with Eucalyptus loxophleba, E. wandoo, flowers are produced at the ends of the Acacia acuminatum, A. tetragonophylla, branchlets or in the axils of the leaves. Allocasuarina campestris, Hakea trifurcata The style is about 7 mm long, sometimes and H. preissii and H. erinacea. turning pink, hairless except for the strongly curved apex. Flowering period August to September. Fruit: Narrowly ovoid-ellipsoidal fruit are 10 to 15 mm long and 3 to 5 mm wide Seed maturity and hairless. The seeds are 12 mm long and 3 mm wide. October. Similar species Grevillea costata and G. inconspicua are similar in appearance but differ in having the leaf undersurface concealed by the revolute margins and in the more prominently ribbed fruits.

98 A B Joel Collins

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower and leaf, C - Seed, D - Fruit and leaf, E - Habit and habitat Joel Collins Crawford Andrew 99 Phalanx grevillea Grevillea dryandroides subsp. dryandroides Family: Proteaceae Status: Critically Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the genus Dryandra (now submerged into Banksia) and oides (like), referring to the resemblance of the foliage to that of some species of Dryandra (Banksia).

Authority and type collection Named by Charles Gardner in 1933 from specimens he collected near Ballidu in September 1931.

Description Habit: Prostrate lightly suckering clumping Distribution map shrub 10 to 50 cm high. Leaves: Dull yellow-green leaves grow Distribution and habitat erect from the base of the plant, are Only know from the Ballidu area, north of 7.5 to 11 cm long overall and have Wongan Hills, in the Avon Wheatbelt IBRA linear lobes 10 to 15 mm long becoming region. It grows in yellow or grey sandy hairless over time. loam over laterite in shrubland and heath with Allocasuarina campestris, A. acutivalvis, Flowers: Ground-hugging inflorescences are Hakea scoparia, Santalum acuminatum, 3 to 4 cm long on leafless trailing flower Grevillea armigera and Melaleuca cordata. stems up to 1 m long. Individual flowers are pink to orange-pink with a greyish-green Flowering period limb. The style is red or pink with a green August to October (February). tip. The floral whorl is 6 to 7 mm long and the pistil 17 to 18 mm long. Seed maturity Fruit: The oblong fruit is brown, 14 to November to December. 16 mm long, hairy with reddish strips. The seeds are 7 mm long and 2.5 mm wide. Similar species Grevillea dryandroides subsp. hirsuta is superficially similar in appearance but differs in its grey leaves that are covered in coarse hairs, larger leaf lobes (12 to 35 mm long) and larger flowering pistil (17 to 23 mm long). G. thyrsoides is also similar but differs in its entirely hairy style and flat pollen presenter.

100 A B Joel Collins

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Leaf, D - Habit, E - Habitat Joel Collins Joel Collins 101 Hairy phalanx grevillea Grevillea dryandroides subsp. hirsuta Family: Proteaceae Status: Vulnerable

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin hirsutus (hairy), referring to the persistent hairy covering on the leaves.

Authority and type collection Named by Peter Olde and Neil Marriott in 1993 from specimens collected north of Cadoux by John Briggs in September 1980.

Description Habit: Prostrate vigorous suckering shrub to 5 to 30 cm high.

Leaves: Grey leaves are up to 12 cm long Distribution map overall and are covered in persistent coarse hairs. The leaf has linear lobes 12 to Distribution and habitat 35 mm long forming a V-shape with the Scattered occurrences from the Dowerin, midrib. The lobes are covered in crisp hairs. Cadoux, Kellerberrin, Brookton and Corrigin The leaf axis is pressed against the stem areas in the Avon Wheatbelt IBRA region. and is covered with soft hairs. It grows in grey or yellow sandy loam over Flowers: Ground-hugging inflorescences laterite in woodland, shrubland and heath with are 5.5 to 10 cm long on leafless trailing Banksia prionotes, Xylomelum angustifolium, flower stems. Individual flowers are pink to Allocasuarina campestris, Grevillea armigera, orange-pink, with a grey-green limb; the G. eriostachya, Gastrolobium spinosum and style is red or pink with a green tip. The Xanthorrhoea nana. pistil is 17 to 23 mm long. Flowering period Fruit: The hairy fruits are about 1 cm long. September to March.

Seed maturity December to April.

Similar species Grevillea dryandroides subsp. dryandroides, is superficially similar in appearance but has smaller hairless leaf lobes (mostly less than 10 mm long) and smaller pistils (17 to 18 mm long).

102 A B Joel Collins

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Leaf, D - Habit, E - Habitat Joel Collins Joel Collins 103 Pythara grevillea Grevillea pythara Family: Proteaceae Status: Critically Endangered

Derivation of name Accommodates the wishes of the discoverer of this species to name it after the family farm, around the boundaries of which it grows.

Authority and type collection Named by Peter Olde and Neil Marriott in 1993 from specimens collected near Pithara by Peter Olde in September 1992.

Description Habit: Suckering shrub 6 to 30 cm high.

Leaves: Greyish-green narrow leaves are Distribution map 7 to 16 mm long and 1.5 to 4 mm wide and are covered with long, soft, fine hairs. Distribution and habitat The stalkless leaf has downward-curving Known only from a single population near margins and a pointed tip Dalwallinu in the Avon Wheatbelt IBRA Flowers: Red flowers are about 1 cm long region. It grows in grey or brown sandy loam and 5 mm wide, blue around the dilated over gravel in highly modified shrubland section of the dorsal sepals below the with Actinostrobus arenarius, Acacia limb, sparsely hairy outside and bearded cracentis, Grevillea armigera, G. eriostachya within. The anthers are yellow and the and Conospermum stoechadis. style 20 to 22 mm long, red, curved and sparsely hairy. Individual flowers are Flowering period grouped in heads of 4 to 8 at the ends of August to October. the branchlets. Each flower is on a stalk 4 to 8 mm long. Seed maturity November to December. Fruit: Not recorded Similar species No related or similar species.

104 A B Joel Collins

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower and leaf, C - Flower, D - Habit, E - Habitat Joel Collins Johnston Wendy 105 Guichenotia seorsiflora Guichenotia seorsiflora Family: Sterculiaceae Status: Critically Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Greek seorsi (individual) and floris (flower), referring to the single flowered inflorescence.

Authority and type collection Named by Carolyn Wilkins in 2003 from specimens collected near Youndegin by Carolyn Wilkins and Kelly Shepard in August 1995.

Description Habit: Erect spreading shrub 30 to 45 cm high. Distribution map Stems: Young stems are covered in fine, soft, matted hairs. Distribution and habitat Leaves: Greyish-green ovate to linear leaves Scattered occurrences in the Cunderdin, are 8 to 20 mm long and 1 to 2 mm wide Kellerberrin and Corrigin areas in the and covered in dense, fine white hairs and Avon Wheatbelt IBRA region. It grows in rolled at the margins. The leaf stalk is 0.8 to brown and grey sandy clay over laterite on 1.5 mm long. breakaways in shrubland and heath with Allocasuarina acutivalvis, A. campestris, Flowers: Creamy salmon in bud becoming Melaleuca uncinata, Hakea scoparia, Acacia white or (rarely) pink single flowers that jacksonioides, Leptospermum erubescens are 10 to 14 mm long and are produced and Melaleuca conothamnoides. on hairy flower stalks 9 to 25 mm long. The calyx is about 10 mm long and Flowering period the ovary outer surface is covered with July to September. glandular and star-like hairs. Fruit: The fruit is ovoid in shape and 7.5 to Seed maturity 10 mm long. Seeds are 1.8 to 2 mm long October. and 1 mm wide. Similar species Guichenotia sarotes is superficially similar in appearance but differs in having 2 to 5 flowers per inflorescence, ovate bracts and brittle, white, fan-shaped hairs at the base of the inner surface of the calyx.

106 A B Joel Collins

C

JMC489

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Fruit, D - Habit, E - Habitat Joel Collins Crawford Andrew 107 Net-veined gyrostemon Gyrostemon reticulatus Family: Gyrostemonaceae Status: Critically Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin reticulatus (reticulate), referring to the mature carpels that are covered in net-like veins.

Authority and type collection Named by Alex George in 1982 from specimens collected at Canna by Charles Gardner in November 1933.

Description Habit: Erect shrub to about 1 m high. Leaves: Linear to terete leaves are 11 to 35 mm long and 1 to 1.5 mm wide, rather Distribution map crowded and sometimes have a hooked tip. The stipules are about 0.3 mm long Distribution and habitat and are brown or golden. Scattered occurrences in the Mullewa, Flowers: Male and female flowers Perenjori and Koorda areas, with an early produced on separate plants. The male collection made near Kalannie, in the Avon flowers have 12 to 14 stamens arranged Wheatbelt IBRA region. It grows in yellow in 1 whorl. The stamens end in short sand and brown sandy clay over laterite in points. The female flowers have 5 to 7 shrubland with Allocasuarina campestris, carpels with narrow, flattened stigmas Melaleuca cordata, Acacia acuminata and about 1 mm long. Both male and female Glischrocaryon aureum. flowers are produced on flower stalks about 1 mm long. Flowering period September to November. Fruit: Solitary fruit is spherical with semi- circular carpels about 3 mm long that Seed maturity are narrowed towards the margin with November to December. narrow keels. The carpel faces are covered in net-like veins. Red-brown seeds are Similar species about 1 mm long. Gyrostemon australasicus is superficially similar in appearance but differs mainly by the absence off net-like veins covering the face of the carpels.

108 A B Andrew Brown Andrew

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D WA Herbarium WA

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Male flower, C - Male flower, D - Habit and habitat, E - Female flower Andrew BrownAndrew Herbarium WA 109 Column hakea Hakea aculeata Family: Proteaceae Status: Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin aculeatus (furnished with prickles), referring to the leaves of the species.

Authority and type collection Named by Alex George in 1979 from specimens he collected near Cunderdin in October 1977.

Description Habit: Lignotuberous shrub to 3 m tall with columnar branches.

Leaves: Crowded leaves are 2 to 4 cm Distribution map long and 3 to 9 mm wide, arranged in cylindrical whorls on the stem and end in Distribution and habitat a needle-like point. Leaves are on short Scattered occurrences in the Cunderdin, stalks, or are stalkless, and covered in Tammin, Quairading and Brookton areas, coarse hairs with longer hairs persisting with an early collection made near Hines near the base. Hill in the Avon Wheatbelt IBRA region. It Flowers: Yellow inflorescence has 18 to 24 grows in grey or white sand over laterite individual flowers and attaches directly to a or yellow sand in mallee, shrubland short stalk 7 to 13 mm long. The pistil is and heath with Eucalyptus macrocarpa, 7 to 10 mm long and the style is red at the Leptospermum erubescens, Banksia tip and yellow below. sphaerocarpa, B. armata, Allocasuarina huegelii and A. campestris. Fruit: Pale brown fruit is 1.3 to 2 cm long and 1.1 to 1.4 cm wide. Seeds are up to Flowering period 15 mm long and have a wing encircling September to October. the seed body. Seed maturity November to December.

Similar species Hakea ruscifolia is superficially similar in appearance but differs in its conical pollen presenter, short-stiff hairs on the fruit and seed wing fully down both sides of the seed body.

110 A B Joel Collins

C

JMC323

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower and leaf, C - Fruit, D - Habit and habitat, E - Habit and habitat Joel Collins Joel Collins 111 Broad-fruited haloragis Haloragis platycarpa Family: Haloragaceae Status: Critically Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Greek platys (flat, wide, broad) and carpos (fruit), referring to the depressed globe-shaped fruit.

Authority and type collection Named by George Bentham in 1864 from specimens collected from an unknown location in south-western Australia by James Drummond.

Description Habit: Perennial much-branched herb 30 to 40 cm high. Distribution map Leaves: Narrow elliptic to obovate leaves are 15 to 45 mm long and 2 to 5 mm Distribution and habitat wide, stalkless with several large teeth Only known from a single population near towards the apex. Dalwallinu in the Avon Wheatbelt IBRA Flowers: Inflorescence is made of 1 to region. It grows in brown loam in woodland 3 individual flowers, produced in the and shrubland with Eucalyptus loxophleba, upper leaf axils. Only the central flower is Acacia acuminata, Grevillea levis and Pimelea functional. Each flower has 4 petals, up to avonensis. 2 mm long, 8 stamens and 4 styles and is enclosed by several bracts. The flower stalk Flowering period is 0.2 to 0.3 mm long. October.

Fruit: The single fruit that develops in each Seed maturity axil is 1.7 to 2.5 mm long and 2.2 to 4 mm December. wide, shaped like a depressed globe and has a swollen, spongy covering. It has 4 Similar species compartments, 4 weak ribs, and is densely covered with minute, rounded projections. Close relatives unknown. Haloragis uncatipila is superficially similar in appearance but differs by the covering of hooked-shaped hairs and the larger sized fruit.

112 A B Joel Collins

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Andrew Crawford Andrew

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower and leaf, C - Stem, D - Habit, E - Fruit Andrew CrawfordAndrew Joel Collins 113 Colourful snakebush Hemiandra rutilans Family: Lamiaceae Status: Critically Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin rutilans (being red or reddish), referring to the attractive red flowers.

Authority and type collection Named by Oswald Sargent in 1927 from specimens he collected near York in January 1924.

Description Habit: Prostrate to ascending small shrub 8 to 30 cm high.

Leaves: Linear to oblanceolate leaves are Distribution map 21 mm long and 2 mm wide and slightly rough to touch. Flowering period Flowers: Red flowers consist of 2 lobes, October to November. 6 mm long calyx and a trumpet-shaped corolla tube up to 21 mm long, which is Seed maturity slightly covered in short stiff hairs. The Unknown. corolla is scarcely bi-lobed; the lobes are more or less equal and much shorter than Similar species the tube. The stamens are hidden in the Hemiandra coccinea and H. hancocksiana lower quarter of the tube, but the anthers are superficially similar in appearance. This are long and protruding. species is currently under taxonomic review. Fruit: Not recorded.

Distribution and habitat Only known from a single recently extinct population near Dowerin in the Avon Wheatbelt IBRA region. It grows in yellow sand in woodland and shrubland with Banksia prionotes, B. attenuata, Nuytsia floribunda, Eremaea pauciflora, Verticordia densiflora and Calytrix sp.

114 A FloraBase

B C FloraBase Joel Collins

A - Habit, B - Flowers, C - Habitat

115 Pungent jacksonia Jacksonia pungens Family: Papilionaceae Status: Critically Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin pungens (ending in a sharp hard point), referring to the long pungent branchlets.

Authority and type collection Named by Jennifer Chappill in 2007 from specimens she, Carol Wilkins and Kelly Sheppard collected near Marchagee in November 1993.

Description Habit: Erect, densely branching, domed, shrub 0.3 to 1 m high. Distribution map Stems: Grey-green, round in cross-section, rigid and sharply pointed, 8 to 73 mm long. Distribution and habitat Leaves: Dark brown persistent scale leaves Scattered occurrences in the Coorow, are 1.3 to 3.7 mm long. Moora and Dalwallinu areas of the Avon Wheatbelt and Geraldton Sandplain IBRA Flowers: Orange with red markings, regions. It grows in brown or yellow sand scattered on the branchlets and borne over laterite in mallee, shrubland and heath on flower stalks 1.5 to 5.5 mm long. The with Eucalyptus pyriformis, Actinostrobus calyx, up to 12 mm long, has a dense arenarius, Allocasuarina campestris, covering of long silky hairs, which are Daviesia dielsii (DRF), Melaleuca cordata, splayed at flowering. Gastrolobium appressum (DRF), Petrophile Fruit: Woody flattened pods have downy shuttleworthiana and Hakea incrassata. hairs and drop off the plant before they open. Seeds are yellow or green, with or Flowering period without black spots or strips, and are November to December. 2.9 to 4.2 mm long. Seed maturity December to February.

Similar species Unknown.

116 A B Andrew Brown Andrew

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Fruit and seed, D - Habitat, E - Habit Joel Collins Flora Seed Centre Threatened 117 Quairading stinkwood Jacksonia quairading Family: Papilionaceae Status: Endangered

Derivation of name Named after Quairading, a town in the vicinity of the only known populations.

Authority and type collection Named by Jennifer Chappill in 2007 from specimens she and Carol Wilkins collected near Quairading in September 1991.

Description Habit: Prostrate, sparsely branching, spindly shrub 0.2 to 0.3 m high. Stems: Grey-green, round in cross-section, straight or slightly recurved, sharply Distribution map pointed and covered in white spreading hairs. Distribution and habitat Leaves: Cone-shaped, dark brown persistent Only known from the Quairading area in scale leaves are 0.5 to 1.4 mm long. the Avon Wheatbelt IBRA region. It grows in yellow or white sand over laterite in Flowers: Orange with red markings woodland, mallee shrubland and heath scattered singly or in few-flowered clusters with Banksia prionotes, B. attenuata, along the branches and borne on flower Eucalyptus macrocarpa, Eremaea pauciflora, stalks 2 to 4.2 mm long. The calyx is 7.4 to Allocasuarina humilis, Acacia pulchella and 11 mm long and all lobes are recurved at Urodon dasyphyllus. flowering. Fruit: Woody fruits are covered in dense Flowering period to scattered white hairs. Seeds are light to September to October. dark brown, have no markings and are 2.7 to 3.3 mm long. Seed maturity December.

Similar species Jacksonia calycina is superficially similar in appearance but differs in its flat stems, in not being divaricately branched and its more erect growth form.

118 A B Lorraine Duffy

C

JMC326

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Flower, D - Habit, E - Habitat Lorraine Duffy Joel Collins 119 Scarlet leschenaultia Lechenaultia laricina Family: Goodeniaceae Status: Vulnerable

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin larix –icis (larch tree) and inus (like), referring to the species’ habit resembling a larch tree.

Authority and type collection Named by John Lindley in 1839 from specimens collected from an unknown location in south-western Australia by James Drummond in 1839.

Description Habit: Diffuse, ascending shrub 0.15 to 0.7 m high. Distribution map Leaves: Small narrow leaves are 5.5 to 11.5 mm long, densely crowded, circular in Distribution and habitat cross-section and somewhat fleshy. Scattered occurrences in the York, Beverley Flowers: Scarlet to orange-red flowers, and Brookton areas, with early collections usually more orange in the centre, are made near Northam and Kukerin, in the usually solitary at the ends of the branches. Avon Wheatbelt and Jarrah Forest IBRA Petal lobes have broad wings with a small regions and historically extending into the point in between. The petals are hairy Mallee IBRA region. It grows in grey or white inside, but only at the base. Two of the sand over laterite, sometimes adjacent to petals are erect above the tube but not winter-wet areas, in woodland, shrubland joined. The style is straight. and heath with Eucalyptus rudis, E. wandoo, E. marginata, Banksia attenuata, Melaleuca Fruit: The fruit articles are in 10 to 20 pairs rhaphiophylla, Xanthorrhoea preissii and and the fruit body is 17 to 29 mm long. Hakea prostrata.

Flowering period September to January.

Seed maturity December to January.

Similar species Lechenaultia superba is superficially similar in appearance but differs mainly in having fruit articles that are in 5 to 8 pairs.

120 A B Andrew Crawford Andrew

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Lorraine Duffy

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Fruit and seed, D - Habit, E - Habit and habitat Andrew CrawfordAndrew Flora Seed Centre Threatened 121 Woolly lysiosepalum Lysiosepalum abollatum Family: Sterculiaceae Status: Critically Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin abolla (woollen robe), referring to the loose covering of long star-shaped hairs that gives the species a woolly appearance.

Authority and type collection Named by Carol Wilkins in 2001 from specimens she and Juliet Wege collected near Wongan Hills in October 1996.

Description Habit: Dense erect shrub 1.5 m high.

Leaves: Narrowly ovate leaves are 10 to Distribution map 16 mm long and 2 to 3 mm wide, covered in stalked star-shaped hairs and the margin Distribution and habitat is crisped and moderately recurved. The Only known from a single population near leaf stalk is 0.5 to 1 mm long. Wongan Hills in the Avon Wheatbelt IBRA Flowers: Up to 8 pink or pink-mauve region. It grows in red and orange-brown flowers are 16 to 30 mm long and are sandy clay in mallee and shrubland with borne on inflorescences 40 to 90 mm Eucalyptus ebbanoensis subsp. ebbanoensis, long. Each flower has 6 sepals that are E. loxophleba subsp. loxophleba, Acacia petal-like. Petals are reduced, dark red leptospermoides, A. congesta subsp. and 0.8 to 1.5 mm long. The flower wonganensis and Grevillea kenneallyi. bracts are covered in stalked star-shaped hairs. The stamens are dark red and the Flowering period anthers are 3 to 4.8 mm long with pores August to November. becoming extended as longitudinal slits when mature. Seed maturity October to December. Fruit: Not recorded. Similar species Lysiosepalum rugosum is superficially similar in appearance but differs in having leaf stalks 1 to 3 mm long, flower bracts that have an acute apex and a close covering of small, sessile, star-shaped hairs.

122 A B Sonya Thomas

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Sonya Thomas

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Flower and leaf, D - Habit and habitat, E - Habit and habitat Joel Collins Joel Collins 123 Wongan melaleuca Melaleuca sciotostyla Family: Myrtaceae Status: Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Greek skiotos (shaded by graduation in colour) and stylos (style), referring to the distinctive coloration of the style, the distal portion of which appears to have been dipped in dye.

Authority and type collection Named by Bryan Barlow in 1988 from specimens collected near Wongan Hills by Phil Roberts in 1984.

Description Habit: Spreading shrub 0.6 to 1.5 m high. Distribution map Leaves: Greenish-grey leaves are flat to almost round in cross-section, 5.1 to shrubland with Eucalyptus erythronema var. 8.3 mm long and 0.8 to1.5 mm wide and marginata, Melaleuca coronicarpa, with a sharply projecting apex. M. adnata, M. uncinata, Santalum Flowers: Terminal reddish-pink inflorescences acuminatum and Gastrolobium spinosum. usually consist of 4 flowers. The flower bracts are reddish-pink, in 4 series of 6 to 8. Flowering period They are broadly ovate and 1.7 to 5.2 mm August to September. long and 1.5 to 2.4 mm wide. The stamens are 2.8 to 3.3 mm long and the style is 7.7 Seed maturity to 11.3 mm long. The distal part of the style October to December. and stigma are reddish-pink in colour. Fruit: Barrel-shaped fruits are 3.2 to Similar species 3.7 mm long, somewhat corky with the Melaleuca cuticularis and M. haplantha valves deeply recessed. are superficially similar in appearance. M. cuticularis differs in having broader Distribution and habitat leaves, greater stamens per bundle and generally larger fruit. M. haplantha differs in Scattered occurrences in the Wongan Hills, having pungent leaves and shorter sepals. Cadoux and Cunderdin areas in the Avon Currently the taxonomic relationships Wheatbelt IBRA region. It grows in brown, between M. sciotostyla and M. haplantha orange or grey sandy clay over laterite, are uncertain. at the base of breakaways, in mallee and

124 A B Joel Collins

C

JMC541

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Flower and leaf, D - Fruit and seed, E - Habit and habitat Niall Sheehy Joel Collins 125 Wongan microcorys Microcorys eremophiloides Family: Lamiaceae Status: Vulnerable

Derivation of name Derived from the genus Eremophila and oides (like), referring to the resemblance of the flowers to those of the genus Eremophila.

Authority and type collection Named by Kevin Kenneally in 1982 from specimens he collected near Wongan Hills in October 1980.

Description Habit: Erect, openly branched shrub to 2 m high. Distribution map Leaves: Linear leaves are 3 to 6 cm long and 1 to 3 mm wide with the margins Distribution and habitat curled inwards. The leaves are arranged Scattered occurrences in the Wongan opposite to each other and are crowded Hills, Dowerin and Goomalling areas in towards the ends of the branchlets. the Avon Wheatbelt IBRA region. It grows Flowers: Deep pink to red flowers are in red or brown shallow sandy clay, on about 4 cm long and are held in the leaf laterite breakaways and granite outcrops, axils on stalks about 1 cm long. The calyx in woodland, mallee and shrubland with is narrow-cylindrical, 10 to 15 mm long Eucalyptus drummondii, E. ebbanoensis and has a mixture of glandular and simple subsp. ebbanoensis, Allocasuarina hairs. The lower lip of the flower is much huegeliana, Nuytsia floribunda, Hakea shorter than the upper lip. petiolaris, Acacia semicircinalis, Allocasuarina campestris and Banksia comosa. Fruit: Dark brown cylindrical fruits are 3 to 4 mm long and ribbed. Flowering period July to November.

Seed maturity December.

Similar species Microcorys longifolia is superficially similar in appearance but differs in having smaller flowers, obtuse lobes of the lower lip of the corolla and an absence of crowded leaves at the end of the branchlets. 126 A B Joel Collins

C

JMC369

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Habit, D - Habit and habitat, E - Habitat Joel Collins Joel Collins 127 Wongan philotheca Philotheca wonganensis Family: Rutaceae Status: Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the town name Wongan Hills and ensis (native of), named after Wongan Hills.

Authority and type collection Named by Paul Wilson as an Eriostemon in 1982 from specimens collected near Wongan Hills by Kevin Kenneally in September 1980. The species was placed in Philotheca by Paul Wilson in 1998.

Description Habit: Erect shrub 0.3 to 1 m high. Distribution map Leaves: Mid-green leaves are semi-erect, 5 to 10 mm long, glandular, hairless and Distribution and habitat somewhat flattened above. Scattered occurrences in the Wongan Flowers: Solitary flowers have 5 star- Hills area with a disjunct occurrence near shaped white petals that are 5 mm long, Northampton, in the Avon Wheatbelt and with a pink outer strip. The unopened Geraldton Sandplains IBRA regions. It grows flower buds are pink in colour. Fleshy in brown or red sandy clay over greenstone egg-shaped sepals are 1 mm long, the and laterite in mallee and shrubland stamens are 3 mm long and arranged in a with Eucalyptus ebbanoensis subsp. pyramid shape and the narrowly triangular ebbanoensis, Allocasuarina campestris, filaments are 1 mm long. The flower stalks Grevillea petrophiloides, Calothamnus are slender and 5 mm long. asper, Acacia congesta subsp. wonganensis and A. pulchella. Fruit: Fruits are divided into 3 to 5 segments. The black oblong-shaped seeds Flowering period are 2.5 mm long and 1.8 mm wide. August to October.

Seed maturity October to November.

Similar species Unknown.

128 A B Lyn Phillips Lyn

C

JMC367

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Nicole Willers

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Flower and leaf, D - Habit and habitat, E - Habit Lyn PhillipsLyn Joel Collins 129 Native foxglove Pityrodia axillaris Family: Lamiaceae Status: Critically Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin axillaris (growing from the axil), referring to the angle between the upper surface of the leaf and the stem on which it grows.

Authority and type collection Named as a species of Dasymalla by Stephan Endlicher in 1839 from specimens collected in an unknown location by John Septimus Roe. The species was placed in Pityrodia by George Druce in 1916.

Description Distribution map Habit: Diffuse rounded shrub to 15 to 30 cm high. Distribution and habitat Leaves: Stalkless leaves are obovate or Scattered occurrences in the Perenjori, Maya oblong-obovate, 2 to 4 cm long and 1 to and Wubin areas, with earlier collections 1.5 cm wide and covered in a mat of white made near Pithara and Lake Moore, in the dense hairs forming a woolly covering. The Avon Wheatbelt IBRA region, and historically leaf is wedge-shaped, tapering to the base extending into the Yalgoo IBRA region. It and not constricted towards the middle. grows in yellow sand over laterite in shrubland with Allocasuarina campestris, A. acutivalvis, Flowers: The flowers are solitary or Melaleuca cordata, Acacia coolgardiensis, arranged in groups of 3 to 5 flowers Verticordia monadelpha, Glischrocaryon which form a leafy terminal raceme. The aureum and Grevillea excelsior. corolla is deep red to yellowish-scarlet, 2.5 to 3 cm long and the calyx is 14 to Flowering period 18 mm long. The calyx is hairless on the outside and has a dense hairy ring July to December. above the ovary and extending to the large central lobe of the lower lip. The 4 Seed maturity stamens extend beyond the corolla tube November to December. and the style extends beyond them. Similar species Fruit: The fruit is obovoid in shape and has 2 lumps on the upper surface. Pityrodia augustensis is closely related but differs in having narrowly elliptic leaves, globular fruit and a deep lilac corolla with branched hairs inside the tube and also in having sparsely woolly hairs on the inside of petals. 130 A B Andrew Crawford Andrew

C

JMC514

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Flower and leaf, D - Habit, E - Habitat Joel Collins Joel Collins 131 Wyalkatchem foxglove Pityrodia scabra Family: Lamiaceae Status: Critically Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin scaber (rough to the touch), referring to the rough surface of mature leaves.

Authority and type collection Named by Alex George in 1967 from specimens collected near Cowcowing by Stanley Rosier in August 1959.

Description Habit: Open shrub to 0.7 to 1.4 m high Stems: Round in cross-section and densely covered with sticky golden-rusty branched Distribution map hairs. Distribution and habitat Leaves: Stalkless linear leaves are 5 to Restricted occurrences in the Cowcowing 10 mm long and 1 to 2 mm wide and and Koorda areas in the Avon Wheatbelt grouped in whorls of 3. The surface is sticky IBRA region. It grows in yellow or greyish- and covered in a coarse covering of hairs, brown sandy loam over laterite in mallee becoming rough above, and the apex is and shrubland with Acacia resinimarginea, blunt. The leaf margins are inrolled and A. nigripilosa subsp. nigripilosa, Phebalium have numerous, small, rounded teeth. megaphyllum, Hibbertia sp, Allocasuarina Flowers: Groups of 7 to 9 flowers are held acutivalvis and Verticordia mitchelliana. in the leaf-axil. The flower bracts are 3 to 5 mm long and 0.5 to 1 mm wide and Flowering period the upper surface is covered in glandular August to November. short hairs. The corolla is white in colour, 7 to 9 mm long and the calyx is 4 to 5 mm Seed maturity long. The calyx is hairless inside the tube, November to December. glandular and covered in short hairs. The calyx is slightly shorter than the tube. The Similar species lower stamen pair is 2.5 to 3.5 mm long and the upper pair 2 to 3 mm long. Pityrodia hemigenioides is closely related but differs in having a greyish covering of hairs Fruit: Enclosed within a persistent calyx, 2 to on the leaves, opposite leaf arrangement and 3 mm long and 1.8 to 2 mm in diameter at its corolla-tube abruptly dilated above the the top. The fruit splits into 2 nutlets each calyx. Pityrodia exserta is also closely related with 2 seeds. but differs in having narrow, linear-lanceolate leaves and a deep pink corolla with a covering of short hairs and oblong anthers. 132 A B Joel Collins

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Wendy Johnston Wendy

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Flower and leaf, D - Habit, E - Habitat Joel Collins Joel Collins 133 Fitzgerald’s mulla-mulla Ptilotus fasciculatus Family: Amaranthaceae Status: Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin fasciculus (small- bundle), referring to the tightly clustered lower leaves.

Authority and type collection Named by William Fitzgerald in 1912 from specimens he collected near Cunderdin in November 1907.

Description Habit: Perennial mat-forming prostrate herb 2 to 4 cm high.

Leaves: Narrow leaves are 10 to14 mm Distribution map long, hairless and with pointed tips and persistent sheathing bases. The leaves are Distribution and habitat arranged in tight clusters on short stems. Scattered occurrences in the Geraldton, Coorow, Carnamah, Quairading, Kellerberrin, Flowers: Spherical flower-spikes are about Bruce Rock and Kulin areas, with an early 2.5 cm in diameter and are borne on collection made near Cunderdin, in the Avon white, woolly stems up to 13 cm tall. The Wheatbelt, Mallee and Geraldton Sandplains flower segments are densely covered in IBRA regions. It grows in grey, white or fine, soft hairs. The flower bracts are pale brown sandy clay, on the edges of salt lakes, brown, 3 mm long and covered in long, in shrubland with Melaleuca lateriflora, soft, shaggy hair. The outer flower parts M. thyoides, Tecticornia lepidosperma, have broadened tips and are reddish or T. leptoclada subsp. inclusa, Sarcocornia pink at first. blackiana, Roycea pycnophylloides (DRF) and Fruit: Not recorded. Wilsonia humilis.

Flowering period October to November.

Seed maturity December.

Similar species Ptilotus caespitulosus is superficially similar in appearance but differs predominantly in the floral structures.

134 A B Andrew Brown Andrew

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Andrew Brown Andrew

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Fruit and seed, D - Habit, E - Flower Andrew BrownAndrew Anne Kelly 135 Wongan rhagodia Rhagodia acicularis Family: Chenopodiaceae Status: Vulnerable

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin acicula (a small needle), referring to the needle-like branches.

Authority and type collection Named by Paul Wilson in 1982 from specimens he collected near Wongan Hills in February 1980.

Description Habit: Compact rounded shrub to 0.5 m high with separate male and female plants.

Stems: The intricately divided spiny stems Distribution map have a close covering of small hairs that form scales, which are silvery in Distribution and habitat appearance and retain their circular shape Only known from the Wongan Hills area in with age. the Avon Wheatbelt IBRA region. It grows Leaves: Small fleshly leaves are 2 to 5 mm in red or brown loamy clay with laterite in long, elliptic in shape and arranged in woodland and shrubland with Eucalyptus alternate pairs along the stem. The leaves longicornis, E. loxophleba, E. salubris, Acacia are hairless on the above surface with soft acuminata, A. semicircinalis, Eremophila and fine hairs underneath. ternifolia (DRF) and Scaevola spinescens.

Flowers: Small flowers are produced on Flowering period spiny branchlets about 10 mm long with October to May. each flower clasped by a minute bract. The male flowers are have a broad top- Seed maturity shape and are about 1 mm long with woolly stamens united into a cup-shaped Unknown. disc. The female flowers are spherical and about 1.2 mm in diameter with the Similar species terminal flower on the inflorescence Rhagodia ulicina is superficially similar in sterile with woolly hairs arising from the appearance but differs in having a large, staminodes. terminal, fertile female flower, smooth, minutely granular seeds and hairless male Fruit: Pale red fruiting bodies are about flowers that lack a disc. 3 mm in diameter. Each fruit contains black seeds that are about 1.5 mm in diameter and have a warty surface.

136 A B Andrew Crawford Andrew

C

JMC62

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower (male), C - Flower and leaf, D - Habit, E - Habitat Joel Collins Joel Collins 137 Saltmat Roycea pycnophylloides Family: Chenopodiaceae Status: Vulnerable

Derivation of name Derived from the genus Pycnophyllum and oides (like), referring to its resemblance to the genus Pycnophyllum.

Authority and type collection Named by Charles Gardner in 1948 from specimens he collected near Meckering in September 1945.

Description Habit: Mat-like perennial herb up to 5 cm high with separate male and female plants.

Leaves: Bluish-grey leaves are 2 mm long, Distribution map mostly concave in shape with membranous edges and minute hairs. The leaves are Distribution and habitat densely and spirally arranged and overlap Scattered occurrences in the Cunderdin, tightly along the stem. Quairading, Kellerberrin, Kondinin, Bruce Flowers: Small green flowers are borne Rock, Kulin, Lake Grace and Lake King either singly in the upper leaf axis or at areas in the Avon Wheatbelt and Mallee the ends of the stems. The male flowers IBRA regions. It grows in grey, white are cup-shaped and are about 1 mm long. or brown sandy clay, on the edges of The female flowers are circular in shape salt lakes, in shrubland with Melaleuca and are about 1 mm long with 4 mm long thyoides, M. lateriflora, Halosarcia stigmas. pergranulata, H. halocnemoides, Tecticornia leptoclada subsp. inclusa, Sarcocornia Fruit: Ovoid fruits are about 2 mm high blackiana, Roycea spinescens, Sclerolaena and are surrounded by a persistent bract. diacantha and Rhagodia drummondii.

Flowering period September to November.

Seed maturity November to December.

Similar species No related or similar species.

138 A B Joel Collins

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Leaf, C - Leaf, D - Habit, E - Habitat Wendy JohnstonWendy Johnston Wendy 139 Spiral bush Spirogardnera rubescens Family: Santalaceae Status: Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin rubens (blush- red) and escens (ish), referring to the flowers that become reddish at the end of flowering and the reddish flower bracts.

Authority and type collection Named by Hans Stauffer in 1968 from specimens he and Charles Gardner collected near Wannamal in November 1963.

Description Habit: Spindly, open, leafless shrub to 1.6 m high. Distribution map Stems: Succulent-like, light green and twisted in a spiral shape. Distribution and habitat Scattered occurrences in the Badgingarra, Leaves: Reduced to reddish scales on Victoria Plains and Chittering areas in the the flowering stems, hairless and with a Geraldton Sandplains, Jarrah Forest and Swan toothed margin. The scales are often shed. Coastal Plain IBRA regions. It grows in brown, Flowers: White flowers are yellowish- grey or yellow sandy loam over laterite in green and hairy on the inside, 2 mm long woodland, mallee, shrubland and heath with 5 petals and 5 stamens. The flowers with Eucalyptus wandoo, E. eudesmioides, become reddish at the end of flowering. Allocasuarina campestris, Banksia The flowering stem has up to 20 stalkless serratuloides, B. sessilis, Xanthorrhoea preisii, clusters of 4 flowers along each stem. Santalum acuminatum and Hakea gilbertii. Flower bracts are up to 4 mm long, reddish- tinged and mostly shed at flower opening. Flowering period Fruit: Broad fleshy yellow-green fruits August to December. are surrounded by persistent segments of the floral whorl, which become dark red Seed maturity with age. November to December.

Similar species No related or similar species.

140 A B Joel Collins

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Flower, D - Habit, E - Habitat Joel Collins Joel Collins 141 Wongan triggerplant Stylidium coroniforme subsp. coroniforme Family: Stylidiaceae Status: Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin corona (crown) and forma (form), referring to the attractive crown-like arrangement of the inflorescences, encircling each cluster of rosettes.

Authority and type collection Named by Rica Erickson and James Willis in 1966 from specimens collected near Wongan Hills by Rica Erickson in September 1963.

Description Distribution map Habit: Rosetted perennial herb 7 to 20 cm high. Distribution and habitat Leaves: Greyish-green leaves are Only known from the Wongan Hills area in oblanceolate and are 1.5 to 4 cm long the Avon Wheatbelt IBRA region. It grows in and 1.2 to 2.5 mm wide. The leaf greyish-brown sand over laterite or reddish has conspicuous white margins and a brown loamy clay over laterite in mallee, prominent white rib on the underside. shrubland and heath with Allocasuarina The leaf is narrow at the base and widens campestris, A. acutivalvis, Petrophile towards the apex, ending in a long, narrow shuttleworthiana, Banksia comosa, Hakea point 0.5 to 2.5 mm long. gilbertii and H. scoparia.

Flowers: A flowering stem, 4 to 25 cm Flowering period high, arises from each rosette. Each stem September to October. has 6 to 40 short-stalked flowers, in a pyramidal raceme up to 12 cm long. The Seed maturity corolla is yellow (rarely pinkish) with 1 set of red throat markings and a yellow throat, December. flushed red on reverse. There are 4 corolla lobes that are laterally paired with 2 hair- Similar species like throat appendages per flower and a Stylidium coroniforme subsp. amblyphyllum prominently stalked stigma. is superficially similar in appearance but differs in narrower leaves that are blunt and Fruit: Not recorded. very short mucronate floral bracts. Stylidium limbatum is superficially similar in appearance but differs in a shorter ovary and a more narrow leaf margin. Stylidium dichotomum has a similar flower but differs in having a bare throat and cushion-like stigma. 142 A B Joel Collins

C

JMC370

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Leaf, D - Habit, E - Habitat Joel Collins Joel Collins 143 Sandplain thomasia Thomasia glabripetala Family: Sterculiaceae Status: Vulnerable

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin glaber (without hair) and petala (petal), referring to the hairless petals of this species.

Authority and type collection Named by Sue Patrick in 1993 from specimens she collected near York in October 1991.

Description Habit: Open shrub to 1.2 to 1.5 m high. Leaves: Blunt-tipped leaves are 15 to 35 mm long and 7 to 18 mm wide, Distribution map somewhat wrinkled and scattered in stiff rusty-brown star-shaped hairs. Flowering period Flowers: Purplish-pink cup-shaped flowers September to October. are in groups of 4 to 7 individual flowers arranged on densely hairy racemes. The Seed maturity calyx, which has 5 lobes, is 9 to 17 mm November. long and is scattered with fine hairs. The minute dark coloured petals are 0.5 to Similar species 2.5 mm long and have hairless margins, Thomasia montana is superficially similar in or with a few white marginal hairs. The appearance but differs in having a shorter stamens are in groups of 5 and are 4 to calyx (6 to 10 mm long) that is more deeply 5.5 mm long and fused at the base. cupped, shorter petals (1 to 1.5 mm long) with densely hairy margins, which sometimes Fruit: The fruit capsule is about 4 mm long. extend onto the upper petal surface. Distribution and habitat Scattered occurrences in the York and Northam areas in the Avon Wheatbelt IBRA region. It grows in grey, yellow or brown sandy loam over laterite in woodland, shrubland and heath with Eucalyptus wandoo, E. loxophleba, Allocasuarina huegeliana, Acacia acuminatum, Keraudrenia integrifolia, Grevillea vestita and Xanthorrhoea preissii.

144 A B Joel Collins

C

JMC74

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Flower and leaf, D - Habit, E - Habitat Joel Collins Joel Collins 145 Hill thomasia Thomasia montana Family: Sterculiaceae Status: Vulnerable

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin montanus (pertaining to a mountain), referring to the hill-top habitat of the species.

Authority and type collection Named by Ernst Steudel in 1845 from specimens collected near York by Ludwig Preiss in September 1839.

Description Habit: Upright shrub 0.5 to 1 m high. Leaves: Green leaves are mostly less than 2.5 cm long, 8 to 10 mm wide and hairless Distribution map or sprinkled with short star-shaped hairs. The leaf margins are entire or slightly wavy to toothed and have a very blunt tip. sandy loam or clayey loam over laterite or granite, on hill-tops and ridges, in Flowers: Purplish-pink to maroon bell- woodland and shrubland with Eucalyptus shaped flowers are in groups of 3 to 5 wandoo, E. accedens, Corymbia calophylla, individual flowers arranged on densely Allocasuarina huegeliana, Leptospermum hairy racemes. The flower stalks are about erubescens, Hakea lissocarpha, H. petiolaris, 6 mm long. The flowers have 5 minute Gastrolobium spinosum, Acacia lasiocalyx hairy petals, 1 to 1.5 mm long and a hairy and Banksia sessilis. calyx, 6 to 10 mm long, which is lobed to about half of its length. Broad, thickened Flowering period sepals have very thin, wavy edges. The September to October. stamens and staminodes are fused at the base into a cup as long as the ovary. Seed maturity Fruit: The fruiting capsule has 3 chambers November. and contains several seeds. Similar species Distribution and habitat Thomasia glabripetala is superficially similar Scattered occurrences in the Beverley, in appearance but differs in having a longer Brookton and Pingelly areas, with an calyx (9 to 17 mm long) and longer petals early collection made near York, in the (0.5 to 2.5 mm long) that have hairless Avon Wheatbelt and Jarrah Forest IBRA margins, or with a few white marginal hairs. regions. It grows in red, brown or grey

146 A B Andrew Brown Andrew

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Andrew Brown Andrew

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Flower and leaf, D - Fruit and seed, E - Habit and habitat Simone Dudley Herbarium WA 147 Greenhill thomasia Thomasia sp. Greenhill (S. Paust 1322) Family: Sterculiaceae Status: Critically Endangered

Derivation of name A new species that has yet to be formally described and has been assigned an interim phrase name. This name represents a herbarium specimen which, when viewed, provides the concept of the new species.

Authority and type collection Greenhill thomasia was first collected near New Norcia by Susan Paust in October 1972.

Description Habit: Multi-stemmed shrub to about Distribution map 40 cm high. Leaves: Flat, narrowly elliptic leaves are 10 to 13 mm long and 5 mm wide. Distribution and habitat Only known from the New Norcia area Flowers: There are about 3 flowers in in the Avon Wheatbelt and Jarrah Forest each inflorescence. The calyx, about IBRA regions. It grows in brown sandy 7 mm long, is mauve with a reddish- clay over laterite, on slopes, in woodland purple base and ribs. The calyx is divided and shrubland with Eucalyptus wandoo, less than halfway into 5 blunt, arching Melaleuca radula, Hibbertia hypericoides, lobes. The rounded petals and the anthers Allocasuarina campestris, Xanthorrhoea are a dark purplish-black. preisii and Calothamnus pachystachyus. Fruit: Not recorded. Flowering period October.

Seed maturity November.

Similar species Unknown.

148 A B

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA WA Herbarium WA

E D Lorraine Duffy

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Flower and leaf, D - Habit, E - Habitat

149 Hughan’s featherflower Verticordia hughanii Family: Myrtaceae Status: Endangered

Derivation of name Named in honour of Allan Hughan (c. 1837-83), who first collected the species on an expedition to Western Australia in early 1867. He was recognised for his botanical contributions to Melbourne’s Botanic and Zoological Gardens.

Authority and type collection Named by Ferdinand von Mueller in 1881 from specimens collected from an unknown location in Western Australia by Allan Hughan in 1867.

Description Distribution map Habit: Low shrub 15 to 30 cm high. Distribution and habitat Leaves: Greyish-green elliptic to narrowly Only known from the Dowerin area in the obovate leaves are 2 to 3 mm long. Avon Wheatbelt IBRA region. It grows in Flowers: The flowers are concentrated pinkish-white, grey or yellow sandy-loam, towards the ends of the branches, in adjacent to salt lakes, in shrubland and heath spike-like groups. Dark red petals are 2.5 with Allocasuarina campestris, Eremaea to 3 mm long, ovate and have minute pauciflora, Calothamnus brevifolius, Scholtzia teeth towards the apex. The sepals are aff. capitata and Leptospermum erubescens. 3.5 to 4 mm long, dark red and have 5 to 6 lobes that are 12 to14 mm long. Flowering period The stamens are 1.3 to 1.5 mm long. The November to December (March). flower stalks are 2 to 2.5 mm long. Fruit: Not recorded. Seed maturity December.

Similar species No related or similar species.

150 A B Joel Collins

C

JMC424

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower and leaf, C - Fruit, D - Habit, E - Habit and habitat Mick Davis Hannah Tedds 151 Wongan featherflower Verticordia staminosa subsp. staminosa Family: Myrtaceae Status: Critically Endangered

Derivation of name Derived from the Latin staminosus (thread), referring to the prominent stamens of this species.

Authority and type collection Named by Charles Gardner and Alex George in 1963 from specimens collected near Wongan Hills by Harry Butler in June 1961.

Description Habit: Low spreading shrub 0.15 to 0.6 m high. Distribution map Leaves: Linear to round in cross-section, 7 to 14 mm long, hairless and crowded with Allocasuarina huegeliana, Acacia towards the tips of the branches. fauntleroyi, Kunzea pulchella, Stypandra Flowers: The pendulous flowers hanging glauca, Hakea petiolaris, Gastrolobium beneath the foliage are greenish-lemon to callistachys and Borya sp. yellow then reddish. The sepals are lemon- yellow when they open, changing colour Flowering period as they age, feathery with 2 bright red July to October. persistent bracts. The stamens are greenish- yellow at opening and rapidly turn red. The Seed maturity style, which also quickly turns green to red, November. extends beyond the stamens for 1 to 4 mm. Fruit: A nut-like fruit is held in the old Similar species hypanthium of the flower. Verticordia staminosa var. cylindracea is superficially similar in appearance but differs Distribution and habitat in having larger flowers, shorter stamens (6 to 7.5 mm long), a shorter staminal tube Only known from a single population and staminodes that are outside the staminal in the Wongan Hills area in the Avon tube. V. staminosa var. erecta is also similar Wheatbelt IBRA region. It grows in shallow but differs in having a more erect pine-like brown sandy loam over granite, sometimes habit up to 1 m high. growing in rock crevices on sheet granite, with fringing woodland and shrubland

152 A B Joel Collins

C

2 cm WA Herbarium WA

E D Joel Collins

A - Herbarium specimen, B - Flower, C - Flower and leaf, D - Flower, E - Habit and habitat Joel Collins Joel Collins 153 Glossary

Alternate Deciduous Parts adjacent but with other structures Shedding at the end of the growth-period placed between i.e. of leaves when i.e. bark, leaves, scales. developed at different levels on opposite sides of the stem. Distal Farthest away from the point of reference. Anther The pollen-bearing part of the stamen. Dorsal Of a surface remote from its axis, as the Appressed underside of a leaf. Closely and flatly pressed against a surface. Elliptic Axil Oval and flat in a plane, narrowed to each The area (of the smaller angle) formed end which is rounded. by the junction of structures i.e. of a leaf stalk and a branch. Endemic Confined in natural distribution to a Bract localised geographic region. The leaf-like structure at the base of a flower. Follicles A capsular fruit formed from a single Calyx carpel, containing one or more seeds and The primary sterile appendage of a flower splitting along one side i.e. Banksia. made up of sepals. Globular Carpel Having a rounded shape. The single unit that makes up a female flower part consisting of an ovary, style Glume and stigma. One or two bracts enclosing the individual florets of a grass. Conspicuous Easy to notice, obvious i.e. large colourful Hypanthium flowers. A floral cup or tube.

Corolla Inconspicuos The inner whorl of a flower consisting of Not easy seen or noticed. free or united petals.

154 Inflorescence Panicle The flowering structure of a plant. An inflorescence when branched, often in large loose clusters. Keel A ridge on the outside of a fold i.e. of a Perennial pea flower the two lowermost, usually A plant that persists for three or more united, petals. years.

Labellum Phyllode A modified petal forming the lip or tongue A modified stem with the shape and of an orchid. function of leaves i.e. Acacia.

Lignotuber Pungent A conspicuous swelling at the base of Sharp and rigid. the stem, at or below soil-level, bearing dormant buds i.e. Banksia and Eucalyptus. Raceme An inflorescence formed by pedicellate Membranous flowers arising from along an axis of Of texture when thin-layered, transparent indefinite length. or translucent, usually without colour. Rhizomatous Oblanceolate Developing a main shoot that is more or Lance-shaped but broadest above the less horizontal, subterranean or prostrate. middle and tapering toward the base. Sepal Obloid A segment of the calyx or outer whorl of Having an oblong shape in solid form, the perianth. with the cross-section circular and the ends rounded. Stamen The male part of the flower producing Oblong pollen, consisting of an anther and a Longer than broad, with parallel sides and filament. rounded ends. Staminode Obovoid A sterile stamen-like floral part (of some Egg-shaped and solid, with the narrow flowers), sometimes representing a end attached to the stem. transition to a petal or a rudimentary stamen.

155 Glossary

Stigma The female reproductive part of a flower that carries the pollen-receptive stigmatic tissue, frequently continuous with the ovary by a style.

Stipule A lateral part of a leaf borne either near or at the base of the leaf.

Style A sterile, usually filamentous part connecting a stigma with the ovary.

Terete Round in cross-section.

Whorl A circular arrangement of three or more leaves that arise from a common point.

156 Bibliography

Atkins, K.J. (2008). ‘Declared Rare and Priority Crisp, M.D. (1982). ‘Eucalyptus synandra Flora list for Western Australia’. Department (Myrtaceae), a new species of mallee from of Environment and Conservation, Kensington, Western Australia’, Nuytsia 4(1): 129-134. Western Australia. Debenham, C. ‘The Language of Botany’, The Australian National Herbarium (2008). The Society for Growing Australian Plants. Australian Plant Name Index, IBIS, Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Erickson, R. and Willis, J.H. (1966). ‘Some Canberra, viewed 2008, . Victorian Naturalist 83(5): 108.

Barlow, B.A. and Cowley, K.J. (1988). Fitzgerald, W.V. (1912). ‘A new Ptilotus’, Journal ‘Contributions to a Revision of Melaleuca of Botany 50: 128. (Myrtaceae)’, Australian Systematic Botany, 4-6 1(2): 95-126. Flora of Australia Volume 8, ‘Lecythidales to Batales’, Australian Government Publishing Barrett, R. and Dixon, K. W. (2001). ‘A revision of Service, Canberra (1982). the genus Calectasia (Calectasiaceae) with eight new species described from south-west Western Flora of Australia. Volume 11A, ‘Mimosaceae, Australia’, Nuytsia 13(3): 411-448. Acacia part 1’, ABRS/CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne (2001). Benl, G. (1983). ‘Taxonomic studies on Ptilotus R.Br. (Amaranthaceae) in Western Australia’, Flora of Australia. Volume 11B, ‘Mimosaceae, Nuytsia 4 (3): 263–274. Acacia part 2’, ABRS/CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne (2001). Brown, A., Thomson-Dans, C. and Marchant, N. (ed.) (1998). ‘Western Australia’s Threatened Flora of Australia. Volume 17A, ‘Proteaceae 2, Flora’, Department of Conservation and Land Grevillea’. ABRS/CSIRO Australia, Melbourne Management, Como, Western Australia. (2000).

Chandler, G.R., Crisp, M.D., Cayzer, L.W. and Flora of Australia. Volume 17B, ‘Proteaceae 3, Bayer, R.J. (2002). ‘Monograph of Gastrolobium Hakea to Dryandra’. ABRS/CSIRO Australia, (Fabaceae: Mirbelieae)’, Australian Systematic Melbourne (1999). Botany 15(5): 655-670. Flora of Australia. Volume 19, ‘Myrtaceae, Chappill, J.A., Wilkins, C.F. and Crisp, M.D. (2007). Eucalyptus, Angophora’, Australian Government ‘Taxonomic revision of Jacksonia (Leguminosae: Publishing Service, Canberra (1988). Mirbelieae)’, Australian Systematic Botany 20(6): 587-590. Flora of Australia. Volume 35, ‘Brunoniaceae, Goodeniaceae’, Australian Government Chinnock, R.J. (1982). ‘A new species of Publishing Service, Canberra (1992). Eremophila (Myoporaceae) endemic to the Wongan Hills, Western Australia’, Nuytsia, 4(1): Flora of Australia. Volume 4, ‘Phytolaccaceae 5-7. to Chenopodiaceae’, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra (1984). Craven, L.A. and Lepschi, B.J. (1999). ‘Enumeration of the species and infraspecific George, A.S. (1991). ‘New taxa, combinations taxa of Melaleuca (Myrtaceae) occurring in and typifications in Verticordia (Myrtaceae: Australia and Tasmania’, Australian Systematic Chamelaucieae)’. Nuytsia 7(3): 371. Botany 12(6): 902.

157 Bibliography

George, E.A. (Berndt). (2002). ‘Verticordia: Maslin, B.R. and Chapman, A.R. (1999). ‘Acacia the turner of hearts’, University of Western miscellany 19. The taxonomy of some Western Australian Press, Crawley, Western Australia. Australian species Acacia section Juliflorae with 4-merous flowers (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae)’, Grieve, B.J. (1998). ‘How to know Western Nuytsia 12(3): 473. Australian wildflowers: a key to the flora of the extratropical regions of Western Australia. Part Olde, P. and Marriott N. (1994). ‘The Grevillea 2. Dicotyledons (Amaranthaceae to Lythraceae)’, Book, Volume 1’, Kangaroo Press Ltd., Kenthurst, University of Western Australia Press, Nedlands, New South Wales. Western Australia. Olde, P. and Marriott N. (1995). ‘The Grevillea Gunness, A.G. (2003). ‘A vegetation survey of Book, Volume 2’, Kangaroo Press Ltd., Kenthurst, Yenyening lakes nature reserve and adjoining New South Wales. vegetation. Shires of Beverley, Brookton and Quairading for the Yenyening Lakes Management Olde, P. and Marriott N. (1995). ‘The Grevillea Committee’, Wildflower Society of Western Book, Volume 3’, Kangaroo Press Ltd., Kenthurst, Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia. New South Wales.

Hill, K.D. and Johnson, L.A.S. (1992). ‘Systematic Olde, P.M. and Marriott, N.R. (1993). ‘New studies in the eucalypts - 5. New taxa and species and taxonomic changes in Grevillea combinations in Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) in (Proteaceae: Grevilleoideae) from south-west Western Australia’, Telopea 4(4): 604. Western Australia’, Nuytsia 9: 270-271.

Hopper, S.D. (1982). ‘A new species of Conostylis Olde, P.M. and Marriott, N.R. (2008). (Haemodoraceae) from the Wongan Hills district, ‘Recognition of new taxa in Grevillea (Proteaceae: Western Australia’, Nuytsia, 4(1): 17-21. Grevilleoideae) from south-west Western Australia’. Nuytsia 18: 232. Johnston, W., Thomas, S., Dougall, S., Hamersley, C., Phillips, L. and Smith, I. (2006). Orchard, A.E., Lepschi, B.J. and Hislop, M. (2005). ‘Threatened, poorly known and other flora of ‘New taxa, a new record and a rediscovery in Wongan-Ballidu’, Department of Environment Western Australian Haloragis (Haloragaceae)’, and Conservation, Western Australia. Nuytsia 15(3): 439-440.

Keighery, G.J., Halse, S.A., McKenzie, N.L. and Patrick S.J. (2001). ‘Declared rare and poorly Harvey, M.S. (ed.) (2004). ‘A biodiversity survey known flora in the Geraldton District – Wildlife of the Western Australian agricultural zone’, Management Program No. 26’, Department of Records of the Western Australian Museum Conservation and Land Management, Western Supplement No. 67, Western Australian Australia. Museum, Welshpool, Western Australia. Patrick, S.J. (1993). ‘Thomasia glabripetala Loudon, B. (2006). ‘Declared Rare Flora in the (Sterculiaceae), a new species from south-west Katanning District’, Department of Conservation Western Australia’, Nuytsia 9(1): 119. and Land Management, Western Australia. Prior, K., Hayes, R., Collins, J. and Page, C. Lullfitz, B., Konnur, A., Alderton, J., Jolliffe, D. (2008). ‘Woolly foxglove (Pityrodia axillaris) and Squire, M. (2008). ‘Threatened and poorly Interim Recovery Plan 2008-2012, Department known flora of the Yilgarn Region’, Department of Environment and Conservation, Western of Environment and Conservation, Bentley, Australia. Western Australia.

158 Sharr, F.A. (1996). ‘Western Australian plant names and their meanings, a glossary’, University of Western Australia Press, Nedlands, Western Australia.

Shepherd, D. P., Beeston, G.R. and Hopkins, A. J. M. (2002). ‘Native Vegetation in Western Australia – Extent, Type and Status’, Department of Agriculture, Western Australia.

The International Plant Names Index (2008), viewed 2008, .

Wege, J. and Coates, D.J. (2007). ‘Observations on the rare triggerplant Stylidium coroniforme (Stylidiaceae) and the description of two allied taxa of conservation concern’, Nuytsia 17(1): 439-441.

Western Australian Herbarium (2008). Florabase – The Western Australian Flora, Department of Environment and Conservation, viewed 2008, .

Wilkins, C.F. and Chappill, J.A. (2001). ‘A taxonomic revision of the Western Australian genus Lysiosepalum (Malvaceae: Lasiopetaleae)’, Nuytsia 13(3): 571-594.

Wilkins, C.F. and Chappill, J.A. (2003). ‘Taxonomic revision of Guichenotia (Lasiopetaleae: Malvaceae s.l. or Sterculiaceae)’. Australian Systematic Botany, 16(3), 323-360.

Wilson, P. G. (1982). ‘Eriostemon wonganensis (Rutaceae), a new species from the Wongan Hills, Western Australia’, Nuytsia 4(1): 47-50.

Wilson, P. G. (1982). ‘Rhagodia acicularis (Chenopodiaceae), a new species from the Wongan Hills, Western Australia’, Nuytsia 4 (1): 51-54.

Wilson, P. G. (1998). ‘A taxonomic review of the genera Eriostemon and Philotheca (Rutaceae: Boronieae)’. Nuytsia 12(2): 239-265.

159 160