BOOK REVIEWS

Emergence and were made at a symposium on West Nile that will protect hors- “Emergence and Control of Zoonotic es against a – Control of Zoonotic Viral Encephalitides.” The sympo- challenge, and on diagnosis of Viral sium was held April 6–8, 2003, in Les zoonotic viral . Encephalitides Pensieres, Veyrier du Lac, France. The book will be worthwhile to The first presentation gives an virologists and other infectious dis- overview of the emergence of zoonot- ease researchers and practitioners C.H. Calisher and D.E. Griffin, ic maintained by wildlife interested in the biology, virulence, Editors reservoir hosts and describes a con- and genetic evolution of viral ceptual model of processes that would encephalitides, and the factors Springer-Verlag, Wien, New York account for the transmission of virus- involved in their emergence. ISBN: 3-211-20455-5 (hardcover) es among species. The second presen- tation describes the role of disease Marguerite Pappaioanou* Pages: 244, Price: US $189; surveillance in polio eradication and *Centers for Disease Control and Euros 147.85 the identification of emerging viral Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA encephalitides. The third presentation The viral encephalitides of gives an overview of the mechanisms Reference Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan of genetic changes and neuroviru- 1. Institute of Medicine. Microbial threats to equine encephalitis viruses have been lence of encephalitogenic . health: emergence, detection and response. of public health concern for years. The following 13 presentations Washington: National Academy Press; 2003. Over the last decade, several out- include overviews of molecular deter- breaks caused by emerging zoonotic minants of virulence of West Nile Address for correspondence: Marguerite viral encephalitides, such as West Nile virus in North America, genetic deter- Pappaioanou, Centers for Disease Control and virus in North America and Nipah minants of Venezuelan equine Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, NE, Mailstop virus in Malaysia and Singapore in encephalitis virus, evolution and dis- D69, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; fax: 404-639- 1999, resulted in serious illnesses and persal of encephalitic flaviviruses, 7490; email: [email protected] deaths in persons, domesticated food and West Nile and other zoonotic animals, and wildlife. The Institute of viruses in Russia. Presentations that Medicine has cited a number of fac- follow address lyssaviruses and heni- tors that have led to these and other paviruses transmitted by frugivorous emerging disease outbreaks: 1) a bats, host-management strategies of growing human population that is novel viral encephalitides associated moving into habitats of wildlife and with bats, regulation of transcription Prions and Prion domesticated livestock and poultry; 2) and the nature of the cell receptor with Diseases: Current global climate changes that have regard to , and entry Perspectives caused changes in arthropod vector machinery of flaviviruses. Also and reservoir populations; 3) included are presentations on persist- rapid travel and movement of people ent infection and suppression of host Glenn C. Telling, Editor and animals worldwide; and 4) chang- response by , subversive ing human behaviors (1). Emergence neuroinvasive strategy of virus, Horizon Bioscience, Norfolk, and Control of Zoonotic Viral neurovirulence and host factors in fla- England Encephalitides is a timely book that vivirus encephalitis, regulation of ISBN: 0-9545232-6-1 gives an overview of agent, host, apoptosis by viruses infecting insects, environmental, and other factors that and Semliki Forest virus infection of Pages: 307, Price: U.S. $180 have led to the emergence and trans- laboratory mice as models to study the mission of several zoonotic viral pathogenesis of . Prion diseases, also known as encephalitides, including flaviviruses, The book finishes with presenta- transmissible spongiform encephalo- alphaviruses, and . The tions on a novel principle of attenua- pathies, are rapidly progressive, uni- book also details important avenues tion for developing new generation formly fatal brain diseases that can for their control. live flavivirus , on tick-borne infect humans and animals, including This book is a special issue of the encephalitis, and on a recombinant cattle, sheep, goats, mink, deer, elk, Archives of Virology, and its 244 developed from a canarypox cats, and zoo ungulates. In humans, pages comprise 21 presentations that virus carrying the prM/E of prion diseases can occur as a sporadic

Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 10, No. 12, December 2004 2265