DOCSLIB.ORG

Internet File Formats 1995.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

For PCs, Macintosh, and UNIX + Your complete guide to understanding and using Internet files + Provides inside information on the major file formats + Includes the best .u.u•v for working Internet files I CORIOLIS GROUP nm Kientzle BOOKS ormats mats Tim. Kientzle IJ CORIOLIS GROUP BOOKS Publisher Keith Weiskamp Editorial Director Jeff Duntemann Managing Editor Ron Pronk Editor Diane Cook Cover Design Gary Smith and Bradley Grannis Interior Design Tim Kientzle Layout Production Tim Kientzle CD Production Anthony Potts Trademarks: Cenain names used in this book are trademarks, registered trademarks, or trade names of their respective owners. Text Copyright © 1995 The Coriolis Group, Inc. All rights under copyright reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored, or transmitted by any means, mechanical, electronic, or otherwise, without the express written consent of the publisher. Distributed to the book trade by IDG Books Worldwide, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of any part of this work beyond that permitted by section 107 or 108 or the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the written permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Requests for permission or further information should be addressed to: The Coriolis Group, 7339 E. Acoma Drive, Suite 7, Scottsdale, Arizona 85260. This book was produced using 151EX2e and dvips typesetting software on FreeBSD 2.0R The text fonts are Adobe Garamond and Computer Modern Typewriter; headings are in Adobe Helvetica and Monotype Arial. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kientzle, Tim Internet File Formats/Tim Kientzle p. em. Includes bibliography and index. ISBN 1-883577-56-X: $39.99 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 54 3 2 :r.q ..~~-~)!· .-. Acknowledgments Many people have generously contributed to the production of this book, among them: Jeff Duntemann and Keith Weiskamp suggested the idea for this book. Tom Lippincott read and critiqued some of the early chapters. Diane Cook's watchful red pen corrected many slips and blunders. Anthony Potts' enthusiastic gathering made the accompanying CD-ROM a useful ac­ companiment. The staff at Dr. Dobb's gave me the time and encouragement to finish. But most importantly, Beth brought me innumerable ice cream sandwiches when I needed them most. Contents 1 The Great Melting Pot 1 lnternetworking . 1 Bulletin Board Systems 2 Greater lnternetopolis . 3 Sticking to the Big Streets 4 About Standards . 4 2 Researching File Formats 7 Identifying the Format of a File . 7 Using the Files . 9 File Formats on the World Wide Web . 9 Other File Format Resources . 11 General Research on the Internet . 14 Part One Text and Document Formats 3 About Text 19 Character Sets 20 Names and Numbers . 21 A Subtlety . ..... 22 Why Bother? 23 Markup ...... 24 vii viii • Contents Logical vs. Physical Markup 24 Preserving Markup . 26 4 HTML 29 Universal Resource Locators .. 30 About Domain Names . 33 About HTTP ..... 35 HTTP URL Modifiers . 37 An HTML Primer . 39 Tags and Elements . 40 Structure of an HTML Document . 41 HTMLHead ... 41 Paragraphs 43 Headings .... 43 Text Styles . 44 Special Characters 44 Links and Anchors 45 Graphics 47 Forms .... 48 Tables .... 50 Mathematics 50 HTML Style Guidelines . 53 More Information 57 5 1FX and 1flFX 59 IDE)( ..... 61 Other 1FX Variants . 62 Recognizing lEX and IDE)( Files 62 Using 1FX and IDE)( Files . 64 A IDE)( Primer . 66 Preamble . 66 Paragraphs 68 Headings .. 69 Text Styles 69 Special Characters 70 Graphics and Figures ...... 71 Tables .......... 72 Contents • ix Mathematics 74 More Information 75 6 SGML 77 An International Standard Markup Language . 78 More Information . 80 7 TROFF 81 Using TROFF Files 82 A TROFF Primer 84 Paragraphs 85 Text Styles 85 Headings .. 86 Graphics and Figures . 88 Tables .... 88 Mathematics 90 More Information 91 8 PostScript 93 Recognizing PostScript Files . 94 PostScript Font Files . 95 Type 3 Fonts . 96 Type 1 Fonts .... 96 Other Font Types 97 Other Font-Related Files . 98 Structured PostScript Files .... 98 Encapsulated PostScript . 100 Encapsulated PostScript Previews. 100 EPSI Previews . 101 Macintosh Previews . 101 TIFF and Windows Metafile Previews . 101 PostScript Dialects . 101 Hints for Handling PostScript . 103 Legal Issues . 104 Strengths and Weaknesses 105 More Information . 106 x • Contents 9 PDF (Acrobat) 109 Using PDF ....... 110 How PDF Works . 110 Strengths and Weaknesses Ill PDF vs. PostScript .. 112 Alternatives to PDF 112 More Information 112 10 Word Processors 113 More Information 114 Part Two Graphics Formats 11 About Graphics 117 Color and Resolution . 118 Kinds of Colors . 119 Kinds of Images . 121 Compression . 122 One Size Doesn't Fit All 122 Lossy Compression . 123 More Information . 124 12 ASCII Graphics 125 How to Use ASCII Graphics 125 More Information . 128 13 GIF 129 When to Use GIF 130 Recognizing GIF Files . 131 How to Use GIF . 131 Legal Issues . 132 How GIF Works . 132 GIF Header 133 G IF Terminator 134 GIF Image .... 134 Contents • xi GIF Extension Blocks . 135 Comment Extension . 135 Text Extension . 135 Graphics Control Extension . 136 Application Extension 137 More Information . 137 14 PNG 139 When to Use PNG 140 How PNG Works . 140 PNG Signature . 141 PNG Chunks .. 141 Image Header Chunk 143 Picture Information Chunks 143 Image Data .... 145 Optional Chunks .. 146 End-of-Data Chunk 146 More Information 147 15 TIFF 149 When to Use TIFF 149 Strengths and Weaknesses 150 How TIFF Works . 151 TIFF Header . 152 TIFF Image ... 153 TIFF Image Data . 153 More Information . 156 16 )PEG OFIF) 157 When to Use JPEG . 158 How to Use JPEG . 159 Recognizing JPEG and JFIF Files 160 How JFIF Works . 161 How JPEG Compression Works . 163 Color Model . 164 Subsampling . 164 Discrete Cosine Transform . 164 xii • Contents Quantization . 165 Compression . 166 Future Lossy Compression Methods . 167 Lossless JPEG . 167 More Information . 168 17 VRML 169 How to Use VRML 170 How VRML Works 171 More Information 174 18 Other Formats 177 XBMandXPM 177 BMP .. 178 PICT ....... 178 IFF ........ 178 PBM, PGM, PPM, and PNM . 179 Part Three Compression and Archiving Formats 19 About Archiving and Compression 183 About Archiving . 183 A Brief History of Compression . 184 Compression Isn't Perfect . 187 A Note About Encryption . 190 Which is Best? . 190 More Information 191 20 TAR 193 How to Use TAR 194 How TAR Works 195 More Information 198 21 Compress 199 How to Use Compress . 200 How Compress Works . 200 Contents • xiii More Information 204 22 ARC 205 How to Use ARC 206 How ARC Works 206 More Information 208 23 ZIP 209 How to Use PKZIP/ZIP . 210 ZIP File Format . 212 ZIP's Compression Algorithms 216 How Shrinking Works . 217 How Reducing Works . 218 How Imploding Works . 218 How Deflation Works 219 Drawbacks to ZIP . 220 More Information 221 24 GZIP 223 How to Use GZIP/GUNZIP 223 How GZIP Works . 224 About the Free Software Foundation 226 More Information 226 25 SHAR 227 How to Use SHAR 228 How SHAR Works 228 More Information 230 26 zoo 231 How to Use ZOO . 231 Using Generations 232 How ZOO Works . 233 Recovering Damaged ZOO Archives 238 ZOO's Compression Methods . 239 More Information . 239 xiv • Contents 27 Stuffit 241 How Stufflt Works . 242 More Information 244 28 Other Formats 247 SEA, SFX and EXE 247 AR] ..... 248 LHNLZH .. 249 RAR ..... 249 AR ...... 249 Pack and Compact . 250 Squeeze ....... 250 CompactPro ... 250 WEB Compression 250 Part Four Encoding Formats 29 About Encoding 255 30 UUEncode 257 When to Use UUEncode . 257 How to Use UUEncode and UUDecode 258 How UUEncode Works 259 UUEncode Program . 260 UUDecode Program . 261 31 XXEncode 263 How to Use XXEncode 263 When to Use XXEncode . 264 How XXEncode Works . 264 XXEncode and XXDecode Programs 264 32 BtoA 267 When to Use BtoA 267 How to Use BtoA 268 How BtoA Works . 268 Contents • xv More Information 270 33 MIME 271 When to Use MIME 272 How MIME Works . 273 MIME Content Types 273 More Complex Messages . 275 Encoding .. 278 Security ..... 279 More Information 279 34 BinHex 281 How to Use BinHex . 282 How BinHex Works . 282 BinHex Variants . 284 More Information . 284 Part Five Sound Formats 35 About Sound 289 Playing Sound . 290 External Synthesizers .. 290 FM Synthesis ..... 291 Sampled Sounds . 291 Digital Signal Processors 292 High-Quality Sound on Low-Quality Hardware . 292 Storing Sound . 292 Silence Encoding . 293 JL-Law and A-Law Compression 293 DPCM and ADPCM . 294 More Advanced Techniques 295 More Information . 296 36 AU 297 More Information 298 xvi • Contents 37 WAVE 299 How RIFF Works 299 WAVEForm ... 300 WAVE PCM Data Storage . 300 Additional Chunk Types . 302 38 Other Formats 305 MIDI 305 MOD ...... 306 IFF ........ 307 AIFF .. 307 Part Six Movie Formats 39 About Video 311 Real-Time Compression . 311 Compressing in Space and Time . 312 Rate Limiting . 314 Replaceable Codecs .. 315 Audio and Other Data . 315 More Information 316 40 AVI 317 How AVI Works . 318 RIFF AVI Form . 318 LIST hdrl Form 319 LIST movi Form 319 LIST rec Form 320 41 QuickTime 321 How QuickTime Works . 322 Single-Fork File Format . 324 moov Atom 325 trak Atom .......... 325 mdiaAtom 326 Contents • xvii More Information 326 42 MPEG 327 How to Use MPEG 328 How MPEG Video Works . 330 General Issues . 331 !-Frames .. 332 P-Frames ... 332 B-Frames ... 333 How MPEG Audio Works . 334 More Information . 335 Appendices A About the CD-ROM 339 About Shareware . ....... ..... 339 CD-ROM Organization .. .... 340 Text ...... 342 Graphics ... .... 345 Compression . ..... .... 350 Encoding .. 352 Sound ..... 353 Video . ....... 355 B About Files 357 Definition of a File ..... 357 What Files Are Made Of. ....... 358 How Files Get Around . 359 About Text and Binary . 359 c About File Formats 361 What a File Format Does .
Recommended publications
  • Binary Image Compression Using Neighborhood Coding

    Binary Image Compression Using Neighborhood Coding

    BINARY IMAGE COMPRESSION USING NEIGHBORHOOD CODING Tiago B. A. de Carvalho1, Tsang Ing Ren1, George D.C. Cavalcanti1, Tsang Ing Jyh2 1Center of Informatics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil. 2Alcatel-Lucent, Bell Labs, Belgium E-mail: 1{tbac,tir,gdcc}@cin.ufpe.br, [email protected] ABSTRACT Bitmap image format requires a reasonable great amount of computer memory, since for each pixel it is necessary a Compression plays an important role in the storage and set of bits to represent it, and a relatively small image can transmission of digital image. Binary image compression is contain millions of pixels. Even a binary image that uses just of essential value for document imaging. Here, we propose a a bit per pixel can demand a large amount of disk space. novel compression technique based on the concept of There are dozens of bitmap image formats that use neighborhood coding, which codes each pixel of an image compression techniques, e.g., TIFF, GIF, PNG, JBIG and according to the number of neighbor pixels in different JPEG. The TIFF format can also use different types of directions. The proposed technique is a lossless compression compression methods such as CCITT Group 3 or Group 4. scheme, which also uses run-length encoding (RLE) and We propose a novel lossless binary image compression Huffman coding. We evaluated and compared this method to technique based on neighborhood coding scheme described several image file format, using test images taken from the in [2]. The codification starts by transforming each pixel of MPEG-7 core experiment CE-shape and the binary image the image into a vector.
  • PKZIP MVS User's Guide

    PKZIP MVS User's Guide

    PKZIP for MVS MVS/ESA, OS/390, & z/OS User’s Guide PKMU-V5R5000 PKWARE, Inc. PKWARE, Inc. 9009 Springboro Pike Miamisburg, Ohio 45342 Sales: 937-847-2374 Support: 937-847-2687 Fax: 937-847-2375 Web Site: http://www.pkzip.com Sales - E-Mail: [email protected] Support - http://www.pkzip.com/support 5.5 Edition (2003) PKZIP for MVS™, PKZIP for OS/400™, PKZIP for VSE™, PKZIP for UNIX™, and PKZIP for Windows™ are just a few of the many members in the PKZIP® family. PKWARE, Inc. would like to thank all the individuals and companies -- including our customers, resellers, distributors, and technology partners -- who have helped make PKZIP® the industry standard for Trusted ZIP solutions. PKZIP® enables our customers to efficiently and securely transmit and store information across systems of all sizes, ranging from desktops to mainframes. This edition applies to the following PKWARE of Ohio, Inc. licensed program: PKZIP for MVS™ (Version 5, Release 5, 2003) PKZIP(R) is a registered trademark of PKWARE(R) Inc. Other product names mentioned in this manual may be a trademark or registered trademarks of their respective companies and are hereby acknowledged. Any reference to licensed programs or other material, belonging to any company, is not intended to state or imply that such programs or material are available or may be used. The copyright in this work is owned by PKWARE of Ohio, Inc., and the document is issued in confidence for the purpose only for which it is supplied. It must not be reproduced in whole or in part or used for tendering purposes except under an agreement or with the consent in writing of PKWARE of Ohio, Inc., and then only on condition that this notice is included in any such reproduction.
  • ARCHIVE 2711.Pdf

    ARCHIVE 2711.Pdf

    ComputorEdge 3/13/09 ComputorEdge™ Online — 03/13/09 This issue: Flash Drives: Computing in Your Pocket The little memory chips have become more than just a way to save and move files. Now you can carry all your computing with you to work with any computer. Table of Contents: Digital Dave by Digital Dave Digital Dave answers your tech questions. A reader wants to run antivirus software from a flash drive; a reader's new external SATA drive isn't much faster than his old ATA drive; why would a reader's computer be shutting down at random intervals? Flash Drive Security by Michael J. Ross They're handy, portable and easy to lose. The diminutive size and light weight of flash drives makes them ideal for portable data storage, but it also makes them easily lost or stolen. Flash drive manufacturers and security software developers are creating a variety of solutions. Linux on a Flash Drive by Michael J. Ross Shrinking OS meets growing-capacity drives. (Click Banner) Linux is an operating system shrinking in size, while USB flash drives are growing in capacity. It was inevitable that a point would be reached at which Linux could be running on a simple flash drive. Windows Vista Tips and Tricks by Jack Dunning Save Time by Using Favorite Links in Windows Explorer Many people ignore the existence of the Favorite Links feature. However, if you take the time to play with it, you will most likely fall in love with this extra feature of Windows Vista. Wally Wang's Apple Farm by Wally Wang New Macintosh Models After a seeming eternity of waiting, Apple released updates to the Mac Pro, (Click Banner) iMac and Mac mini.
  • PDF Image JBIG2 Compression and Decompression with JBIG2 Encoding and Decoding SDK Library | 1

    PDF Image JBIG2 Compression and Decompression with JBIG2 Encoding and Decoding SDK Library | 1

    PDF image JBIG2 compression and decompression with JBIG2 encoding and decoding SDK library | 1 JBIG2 is an image compression standard for bi-level images developed by the Joint bi-level Image Expert Group. It is suitable for lossless compression and lossy compression. According to the group’s press release, in its lossless mode, JBIG2 usually generates files that are one- third to one-fifth the size of the fax group 4 and twice the size of JBIG, which was previously released by the group. The double-layer compression standard. JBIG2 was released as an international standard ITU in 2000. JBIG2 compression JBIG2 is an international standard for bi-level image compression. By segmenting the image into overlapping and/or non-overlapping areas of text, halftones and general content, compression techniques optimized for each content type are used: *Text area: The text area is composed of characters that are well suited for symbol-based encoding methods. Usually, each symbol will correspond to a character bitmap, and a sub-image represents a character or text. For each uppercase and lowercase character used on the front face, there is usually only one character bitmap (or sub-image) in the symbol dictionary. For example, the dictionary will have an “a” bitmap, an “A” bitmap, a “b” bitmap, and so on. VeryUtils.com PDF image JBIG2 compression and decompression with JBIG2 encoding and decoding SDK library | 1 PDF image JBIG2 compression and decompression with JBIG2 encoding and decoding SDK library | 2 *Halftone area: Halftone areas are similar to text areas because they consist of patterns arranged in a regular grid.
  • Syncro SVN Client 8.1

    Syncro SVN Client 8.1

    Syncro SVN Client 8.1 Notice Copyright All rights reserved. No parts of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems - without the written permission of the publisher. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this document, the publisher and the author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of information contained in this document or from the use of programs and source code that may accompany it. In no event shall the publisher and the author be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damage caused or alleged to have been caused directly or indirectly by this document. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and SyncRO Soft SRL, was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. Syncro SVN Client | Contents | 5 Contents Chapter 1: Introduction..........................................................................................11 Chapter 2: Installation............................................................................................13 Installation
  • Pdfnews 10/04, Page 2 –

    Pdfnews 10/04, Page 2 –

    Precursor PDF News 10:4 Adobe InDesign to Challenge Quark At last week’s Seybold conference in Boston, Adobe Systems finally took the wraps off its upcoming “Quark-killer” called InDesign. The new-from-the-ground-up page layout program is set for a summer debut. InDesign will be able to open QuarkXPress 3 and 4 documents and will even offer a set of Quark keyboard shortcuts. The beefy new program will also offer native Photoshop, Illustrator and PDF file format support. The PDF capabilities in particular will change workflows to PostScript 3 output devices. Pricing is expected to be $699 U.S. Find out more on- line at: http://www.adobe.com/prodindex/indesign/main.html PageMaker 6.5 Plus: Focus on Business With the appearance on InDesign, Adobe PageMaker Plus has been targeted toward business customers with increased integration with Microsoft Office products, more templates and included Photoshop 5.0 Limited Edition in the box. Upgrade prices are $99 U.S. PageMaker Plus is expected to ship by the end of March. Find out more on-line at: http://www.adobe.com/prodindex/pagemaker/main.html Adobe Acrobat 4.0 Also at Seybold, Adobe announced that Acrobat 4.0 will ship in late March for $249 ($99 for upgrades) The new version offers Press Optimization for PDF file creation and provides the ability to view a document with the fonts it was created with or fonts native to the viewing machine. Greater post file creation editing capabilities are also built-in And, of course, the new version is 100% hooked in to PostScript 3.
  • DICOM Compression 2002

    DICOM Compression 2002

    The Medicine Behind the Image DDIICCOOMM CCoommpprreessssiioonn 22000022 David Clunie Director of Technical Operations Princeton Radiology Pharmaceutical Research The Medicine SScchheemmeess SSuuppppoorrtteedd Behind the Image • RLE • JPEG - lossless and lossy • JPEG-LS - more efficient, fast lossless • JPEG 2000 - progressive, ROI encoding • Deflate (zip/gzip) - for non-image objects The Medicine IInn pprraaccttiiccee mmoossttllyy …… Behind the Image • Lossless JPEG for cardiac angio – multi-frame 512x512x8, 1024x1024x10 – CD-R and on network • Lossless JPEG for CT/MR – mostly on MOD media rather than over network – 256x256 to 1024x1024, 12-16 bits • RLE/lossless/lossy JPEG for Ultrasound – 640x480 single and multiframe 8 bits gray/RGB, text The Medicine BBuutt …… Behind the Image • JPEG lossless not the most effective • JPEG lossy limited to 12 bits unsigned • Undesirable JPEG blockiness • Perception that wavelets are better • Need for better progressive encoding • Need for region-of-interest encoding The Medicine JJPPEEGG LLoosssslleessss Behind the Image • Reasonable predictive scheme – Most often only previous pixel predictor used (SV1), which is not always the best choice • No run-length mode – No way to take advantage of large background areas • Huffman entropy coder – Slow (multi-pass) The Medicine LLoosssslleessss CCoommpprreessssiioonn Behind the Image CALIC Arithmetic 3.91 JPEG2000 VM4 5x3 3.81 JPEG-LS MINE 3.81 JPEG2000 VM4 3.66 2x10 S+P Arithmetic 3.4 JPEG-LS MINE - NO 3.31 Byte All RUN NASA szip 3.09 JPEG best 3.04 JPEG SV
  • Kickforge Manual

    Kickforge Manual

    Kickforge Manual 1 Table of Contents Foreword Product Information Features (Kontakt Instrument) Includes System Requirements Installation Digital Download Gear used to create Kickforge Microphones Processing Software Information Kontakt Layout Automation Legal 2 Foreword Thank you for your purchase of Kickforge! The sounds of Kickforge were recorded in a world renowned metal recording studio known for having recorded some of the most popular metal artists in the world. Kickforge is a powerful production tool which allows you to create hard hitting kick drums for modern productions. Don’t be fooled though, Kickforge is also versatile and can be used in lighter music too. It works especially well when combined with some of the room mic and mono mic options from the Kicks in Drumforge 1. Kickforge allows you to quickly and easily get crushing kick drum sounds that cut through any mix and give your music the energy, punch, and drive they need to compete in today’s sonic market. Kickforge is an indispensable tool that we hope you will love from the first time you use it. From all of the Drumforge developers, thanks for joining us in our journey to forging the drum sounds of tomorrow! ~ Drumforge Team 3 Product Information Features (Kontakt Instrument) ● Fully automatable kick drum building system for crafting unique drum sounds. Create 120+ possible kick drums. ● Combine different tops and bottoms to make a kick drum sound that fits any modern mix ● Powerful and innovative DSP that is designed around musicality and speed ● Control the decay of each sound as well as filter out unwanted frequencies so your kick sound locks into your mix every time ● Low end harmonic toggle tightens the sub and increase the attack of the drum by adding in harmonics and musical distortion.
  • Downloading the Dissociation Curves Software

    Downloading the Dissociation Curves Software

    Downloading the Dissociation Curves Software Introduction This page provides instructions for downloading the Dissociation Curves 1.0 software package to a Macintosh computer connected to the Internet, using either Netscape or Internet Explorer. You can also download the software package to a Windows PC using Internet Explorer, then transfer it to a Macintosh, e.g., with a PC-formatted Zip disk. To print a copy of these instructions, use your browser's Print command. To return to the download page, use your browser's Back command. Compatibility The Dissociation Curves 1.0 software package is compatible with SDS 1.7 or later. The latest version of SDS software for the ABI PRISMÒ 7700 Sequence Detection System can be downloaded from the Applied Biosystems web site at www.appliedbiosystems.com/support/software/7700/updates.cfm A description of the appropriate thermal protocol to use for acquisition of dissociation curve data (i.e., a programmed ramp) is available in the SDS 1.7 user bulletin. How the Software is Packaged The Dissociation Curves 1.0 software package is contained in a folder called "Dissociation Curves 1.0 f", which contains the software program, Help Files, and Sample Files. In order to reduce the size of the download, the entire folder contents were compressed into a single Stuffit file with a ".sit" extension. For distribution on the web, the ".sit" Stuffit file was then encoded to a BinHex format file with a ".hqx" extension. This format minimizes problems with various web servers and browsers that are commonly used on the Internet. Downloading the software package is thus a three step process: 1.
  • October 1993 $2.95

    October 1993 $2.95

    October 1993 $2.95 The Journal of Washington Apple Pi, Ltd. Volmne 15, Number 10 Great printquality. aroatprice. LOOKING GOOD The HP DeskWriter: FOR LESS. $365. It looks like laser printing. But its :::::~:,;::.~=-~~-= priced like a dot matriX. ltcoold only --to-- 1\1 --..... """"'bOO"\I•"·'~'~· c.HQ_.._.._ ........,U•"'l· ,_,lall1<t...,,....,,._... ., """"' · • be a DeskWrllcr black and.white .,.,.,l)o __ flt'(loAjfMW'i..• ..... 'f;k.r~•o...-.(•Y•.. •• •th.uJ printer from Hewlett-Packard. · ~~ t;io~•'Ll(•.,.. ....., • .,.._ ,u,,. IW!>tnl"<>,......,,,,.'°-.. ._.. ,. .. ............ ,_ ....... tlit>:'r-&C.-..l'W'--7Wll>o• The HP DeskWriter for Macintosh --. r._·.~·'"° .., ,.,1,..,.,...,. .. .,.,.,,.......... ............... """ ,,:.i,....v.c., - ~-Y'-1"'"... ~·.,·-· IPs _,,,,t-W••·~lo(jllo -·~-.oq..,,....., . ...., uses I exclusive inltjct tech­ .......... "..... ,..,.. .. ,,,_,.~ .. r....._..,,_...,., c_~ Dl.djllll~__ .....,.._., ..... nology for laser-sharp text and .,,,,, .. __,_ "'°'~t-- -.. -~.-.. .. _, .._,_or_... graphics. The kind of print quality and spc.«I you expect from HP. At a price you have to see to believe. F<1rjlist $365• yo1,1 get high-quality, water-resistant print outpul, com­ patibility with most popular soft­ ware, and HPs three-year limited warranty, the longestIn the industry. ow the only thing you could possibly want is the name of your nearby authorized HP dealer. 1b get that too,just<:all t-800-5F>2-8500.t See what you can do. Desk.Jct Printers Make it happPn. ·. F//Q9 HEWLETT ~~PACKARD .. Washington Apple Pi General Meeting 4th Saturday• 9:00 a.m. • Sept. & Nov.: Community & Cultural Center Northern VA Community College, 8333 Little River Turnpike, Annandale, VA Oct.: Holiday Inn, 8120 Wisconsin Ave., Bethesda, MD Sept.
  • General Information About Stuffing/Zipping and Unstuffing/Unzipping

    General Information About Stuffing/Zipping and Unstuffing/Unzipping

    General Information about Stuffing/Zipping and Unstuffing/Unzipping It is typically the case when you download a larger file, it has been “stuffed”, “zipped”, or compressed. It is a little bit like taking the water out of a sponge so that it takes up less space. Certainly, the smaller the file, the easier and faster it is to send and receive it. Another reason to compress files is if you are sending several files in a single folder together. If you compress them, you can send the whole folder at once; if not, you are stuck with sending each file separately… not so bad if you are sending two or three; but a bit of an annoyance if you are sending many files at once. Winzip and StuffIt are two of the more common compression utilities. In the past, you could use the evaluation copy, but at this time, you must register and pay for the program after a free trial period. You’ll need the full version to compress your own files. In many cases, the files you download have been compressed, and can only be used when you “uncompress” them. If all you need to do is to “unstuff” or “unzip”, the utility “StuffIt Expander” (which comes with StuffIt) is still free. You can tell if a file is compressed if it comes with the file extension .zip or .sit. If you see either of those extensions after the file name, you must “uncompress” them before you can use them. StuffIt Expander can open either file type. If you have downloaded a compressed file, and need to open it (and don’t already have Winzip or StuffIt on your computer), here is one way to go about it.
  • Snowbound Supported File Formats

    Snowbound Supported File Formats

    Snowbound Supported File Formats This document describes the file type number, descriptions, and read/write capabilities of all supported file formats. We have provided two tables of information, one sorted by file format name, and the other by the file type number. RasterMaster and VirtualViewer® HTML5 are powerful conversion tools that can transform your documents and images into many different formats. Some format types are limited in the amount of color (bit-depth) they support in an image. Some file formats read and write only black and white (1-bit deep) and other file formats support only color images (8+ bits deep). For many of these cases, the product automatically converts the pixel depth to the appropriate value, based on the output format specified. The chart below will help you determine whether your black and white or color document will be able to convert straight to the desired output format with no additional processing. When saving to a format, if the error returned is PIXEL_DEPTH_UNSUPPORTED (-21), the output format does not support the current bits per pixel of the image you are trying to save. The chart below will help you identify formats with compatible bit depths. 1 FILE FORMAT KEY File Format Description 1-bit Black and white or monochrome images. 4-bit, 8-bit, 16-bit Grayscale images, that may appear to be black and white, but contain much more information and are much larger than 1-bit. 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit, 32-bit Full color images. Please note that the higher the bit depth (bits per pixel), then the larger the size of the image on the disk or in memory.