Diptera of the Poľana Protected Landscape Area – Biosphere Reserve (Central Slovakia)

edited by

Jindřich Roháček & Jan Ševčík

State Nature Conservancy of the Slovak Republic Administration of the Protected Landscape Area – Biosphere Reserve Poľana

Zvolen 2009 Lauxaniidae

Kateřina Dvořáková & Jindřich Roháček

This is a relatively large acalyptrate family with more than 1,800 described species worldwide, the majority of them occurring in the tropics (Merz 2003). More than 160 species in 18 genera are known from Europe (Merz 2007) and 67 species were recorded from Slovakia (Dvořáková 2006; Semelbauer & Kozánek 2009). The family Lauxaniidae includes mostly medium-sized or small species which are usually yellow but some species are grey or black. A few species have the wings spotted or clouded (Fig. 38). The larvae usually develop in decaying leaves where they can sometimes form mines, sometimes they feed on mycelia in rotting vegetation. Other species develop in birds’ nests. Adults fly in forest-meadow ecotones, along forest roads, and around streams, but they prefer moist and shaded places. No records of Lauxaniidae were previously published from the Poľana Mts but as many as 39 species have been discovered in the area during our faunal survey, one of which, Lauxania albomaculata, is a new addition to the fauna of Slovakia. All the material examined is deposited in SMOC.

Aulogastromyia anisodactyla (Loew, 1845) An uncommon European saprophagous species, living in moist and shaded habitats, preferably at lower altitudes. Locality: Hrochoť - Beňova dolina (R & Š). Sampling dates: viii-x.

Calliopum aeneum (Fallén, 1820) A very common West Palaearctic mesophilous, saprophagous species, occuring in a wide range of habitats. Localities: Hrochoť - Beňova dolina (R & Š), Kyslinky - Hrochotská dolina, Obchoditá nr. Očová, Sihla - Kamenistý potok, Spády valley (R). Sampling dates: vii-x.

Calliopum elisae (Meigen, 1826) A fairly common Palaearctic species, hygrophilous and psychrophilous, saprophagous, preferring meadows rather than forests. Localities: Čierny Potok, Hriňová 4 km NW, Hrochotská dolina - Hrochoť 3 km E, Kyslinky - Dolná Zálomská, Kyslinky - Majerová, Spády valley, Sudová 0.5 km W, Vrchslatina (R). Sampling dates: vi-vii.

Calliopum simillimum (Collin, 1933) A common European species, occuring in meadows and light forests, saprophagous as larva which is also known to develop in birds’ nests (Miller 1977). Localities: Čierny potok valley (R), Hriňová - Dolná Riečka (R), Hrochotská dolina nr. brook (R & Š), Kyslinky - Hrochotská dolina, Hronček - ponds (R). Sampling dates: v-x.

*Cnemacantha muscaria (Fallén, 1823) A rare European species, thermophilous, saprophagous. It was known only from two localities in Slovakia (Fiľa- kovo, Malá Fatra Mts - Vrícko, see Martinek 1982, 1984). Localities: Detva - Horná Chrapková, boggy meadow, 16.v.2002, 2f; Hrochotská dolina - Hrochoť 3 km E, sweeping over Carex boggy meadow, 22.vi.2004, 1f; Kyslinky - Majerová, sweeping over pasture meadow, 14.v.2002, 1f; Spády valley, car net, 18.vi.2009, 1f (all R).

Homoneura mediospinosa Merz, 2003 A fairly common Palaearctic thermophilous and saprophagous species. Localities: Hrochoť - Beňova dolina (R & Š), Obchoditá nr. Očová , Očová 2 km NE - Hučava valley, Očová 3 km NE - Hučava valley (R). Sampling dates: v-viii.

**Lauxania (Czernushka) albomaculata Strobl, 1909 A scarce, probably tyrphophilous species, known in Central Europe only from Austria, Czech Republic and Switzerland. New species for Slovakia. Localities: Detva - Horná Chrapková, sweeping over boggy meadow, 16.v.2002, 1m; Hronček - ponds, sweeping along forest margin, 27.v.2005, 1m, sweeping undergrowth of alder forest, 16.v.2005, 1f ; Hronček valley, sweeping over forest margin, 26.v.2005, 1m 2f (all R); Sihla 3 km W, sweeping over forest margin, 25.v.2005, 1m (V).

Lauxania (Lauxania) cylindricornis (Fabricius, 1794) A common Palaearctic hygrophilous species, occurring in meadows and light forests. Larva is saprophagous.

202 Localities: Čierny Potok, Detva - Horná Chrapková, Hriňová 4 km NW, Hronček - ponds, Hrončecký grúň, Kyslinky - Majerová, Kyslinky - Príslopy, Očová 3 km NE - Hučava valley, Sihla env., Sudová 0.5 km W, Vrchslatina (all R). Sampling dates: v-vii.

Meiosimyza (Lyciella) affinis (Zetterstedt, 1847) A European forest species, common at higher altitudes, hygrophilous and psychrophilous. Larva is saprophagous. Localities: Čierny Potok, Havranie skaly, Hronček - ponds (R), Hrončecký grúň (R & Š), Kyslinky - Hrochotská dolina, Kyslinky - Pod Dudášom, Ľubietovský Vepor, Spády waterfall (R), Zadná Poľana (R & Š). Sampling dates: v-viii.

*Meiosimyza (Lyciella) conjugata (Becker, 1895) An uncommon European forest saprophagous species known from several localities in Slovakia (see Martinek 1977a, 1984, 1986; Semelbauer & Kozánek 2009) Localities: Čierny Potok, at light, 7.vii.2000, 1f; Kyslinky - Majerová, sweeping over pasture meadow, 18.vi. 2003, 1m (both R).

Meiosimyza (Lyciella) decempunctata (Fallén, 1820) A common European forest species, saprophagous. Its larva is known to develop in birds’ nests (Miller 1977). Localities: Bystré - Vrátka 1 km N, Detva - Detvianský potok, Detva - Kalamárka (R), Hrochoť - Beňova dolina (R & Š), Hrochotská dolina - Hrochoť 3 km E, Hrončecký grúň (R, R & Š), Obchoditá nr. Očová, Očová 3 km NE - Hučava valley, Predná Poľana Mt. - Bystré waterfall, Spády waterfall (R). Sampling dates: v-x.

Meiosimyza (Lyciella) decipiens (Loew, 1847) A common West Palaearctic hygrophilous forest species, saprophagous as larva. Localities: Bystré - Vrátka 1km N, Čierny Potok, Čierny potok valley, Hriňová - Dolná Riečka, Hrochotská dolina - Hrochoť 3 km E, Hronček - ponds, Očová 2 km NE - Hučava valley, Sihla - Kamenistý potok, Spády valley, Vrchslatina (R). Sampling dates: vi-vii.

Meiosimyza (Lyciella) illota (Loew, 1847) A West Palaearctic species, common at higher altitude, hygrophilous and psychrophilous; larva saprophagous. Localities: Čierny Potok, Hukava nr. Hriňová, Spády valley (R). Sampling dates: vi-vii.

Meiosimyza (Lyciella) laeta (Zetterstedt, 1838) A European species, psychrophilous and saprophagous, rather rare in the Czech Republic but common in Slovakia. According to Martinek (1977b) it is a glacial relic. Localities: Ľubietovský Vepor, Poľana Mt., Predná Poľana Mt. - Žliebky (R), Zadná Poľana (Š & R). Sampling dates: v-viii.

Meiosimyza (Lyciella) mihalyii Papp, 1978 A European forest species, fairly common at higher altitudes, hygrophilous and psychrophilous, with sapro- phagous larvae. Localities: Čierny Potok, Detva - Horná Chrapková, Hronček - ponds, Lom nad Rimavicou env., Spády valley, Želobuza (R). Sampling dates: vi-vii.

Meiosimyza (Lyciella) rorida (Fallén, 1820) A Holarctic forest species, one of the most common species of the family, hygrophilous, saprophagous. Localities: Čierny Potok, Čierny potok valley, Detva - Detvianský potok, Detva - Kalamárka, Havranie skaly (R), Hrochoť - Beňova dolina, Hrochotská dolina - Hrochoť 3 km E (R, R & Š), Hronček - ponds (R), Hrončecký grúň (R & Š), Kyslinky - Hrochotská dolina, Kyslinky - Pod Dudášom (R), Ľubietovský Vepor (R, Š), Obchoditá nr. Očová, Očová 2 km NE - Hučava valley, Spády valley, Spády waterfall, Vrchslatina (R). Sampling dates: v-x.

Meiosimyza (Lyciella) subfasciata (Zetterstedt, 1838) A common West Palaearctic forest species, with saprophagous larvae. Localities: Čierny Potok, Detva - Horná Chrapková, Hrochotská dolina - Hrochoť 3 km E, Hronček - ponds, Kyslinky - Hrochotská dolina, Kyslinky - Majerová, Obchoditá nr. Očová, Predná Poľana Mt. - Žliebky, Vrchslatina (R). Sampling dates: vi-vii.

Meiosimyza (Meiosimyza) platycephala (Loew, 1847) A very common European forest species, hygrophilous, with saprophagous larvae. Localities: Čierny Potok, Havranie skaly (R), Hrochoť - Beňova dolina, Hrochotská dolina - Hrochoť 3 km E (R, R & Š), Hronček env., Hronček - ponds (R), Hrončecký grúň (R, R & Š), Hukava nr. Hriňová, Kyslinky - Pod Dudášom (R), Ľubietovský Vepor (Š), Obchoditá nr. Očová, Spády valley, Spády waterfall (R), Zadná Poľana (Š & R). Sampling dates: v-x.

203 Minettia (Frendelia) longipennis (Fabricius, 1794) A very common Holarctic forest species, saprophagous; it is also known to develop in birds‘ nests (Miller 1977). Localities: Bystré - Vrátka 1 km N, Čierny Potok, Detva - Detvianský potok, Detva - Horná Chrapková, Detva - Kalamárka, Havranie skaly, Hriňová - Dolná Riečka (R), Hrochoť - Beňova dolina (R, Š, R & Š), Hrochotská dolina - Hrochoť 3 km E (R & Š), Hronček - ponds, Hrončecký grúň, Kyslinky - Hrochotská dolina, Kyslinky - Majerová, Očová 2 km NE - Hučava valley, Spády valley, Vrchslatina (R). Sampling dates: v-x.

Minettia (Minettia) fasciata (Fallén, 1826) A common West Palaearctic thermophilous species, occuring in meadows and forests, saprophagous as larva. Localities: Bátová - Při Bútľavke, Detva - Horná Chrapková, Hriňová - Dolná Riečka (R), Očová 2 km NE - Hučava valley, Očová 3 km NE - Hučava valley (R). Sampling dates: vi.

Minettia (Minettia) lupulina (Fabricius, 1787) A common Holarctic thermophilous species, occuring in various habitats. Larva saprophagous and copro- phagous. Larvae sometimes mine in decaying leaves (Miller & Foote 1976). Localities: Bátová - Při Bútľavke, Hrochotská dolina - Hrochoť 3 km E, Hronček - ponds, Hronček - Kramniská, Hukava nr. Hriňová, Ľubietovský Vepor, Obchoditá nr. Očová, Očová 3 km NE - Hučava valley, Spády valley (R), Zadná Poľana (Š & R). Sampling dates: v-x.

Minettia (Minettia) plumicornis (Fallén, 1820) A fairly common West Palaearctic, rather thermophilous, species with saprophagous larvae. Localities: Čierny Potok, Hronček - ponds (R). Sampling dates: vii.

Minettia (Plesiominettia) loewi (Schiner, 1864) A fairly common Palaearctic hygrophilous and psychrophilous species associated with beech forests. Larva is saprophagous. Localities: Havranie skaly, Hronček - ponds, Hrončecký grúň, Hukava nr. Hriňová, Kyslinky - Pod Dudášom, Ľubietovský Vepor, Predná Poľana Mt. - Bystré waterfall, Spády waterfall (R). Sampling dates: v-vii.

Pachycerina seticornis (Fallén, 1820) A scarce Palaearctic psychrophilous species (Fig. 38) occurring in forests. Localities: Havranie skaly, Hrončecký grúň, Snohy nr. Hriňová, Spády valley, Vrchslatina (R), Zadná Poľana (Š & R). Sampling dates: v-x.

Peplomyza litura (Meigen, 1826) A common European forest species, saprophagous as larva. Localities: Detva - Kalamárka, Hriňová - Dolná Riečka (R), Hrochoť - Beňova dolina (R, Š, R & Š), Hrochot- ská dolina - Hrochoť 3 km E (R & Š), Hronček - ponds (R), Hrončecký grúň (R, R & Š), Obchoditá nr. Očová (R). Sampling dates: v-x.

Poecilolycia vittata (Walker, 1849) An uncommon Palaearctic forest species, hygrophilous and psychrophilous. Larva saprophagous. Localities: Čierny Potok, Detva - Kalamárka, Havranie skaly (R), Hrochoť – Beňova dolina (R & Š), Hronček env., Hronček - ponds, Hrončecký grúň (R). Sampling dates: v-vii.

Pseudolyciella pallidiventris (Fallén, 1820) A rather scarce European hygrophilous species; larva saprophagous. Localities: Obchoditá nr. Očová, Spády waterfall (R). Sampling dates: vi-vii.

Pseudolyciella stylata Papp, 1978 A fairly common West Palaearctic forest species, saprophagous as larva. Localities: Bystré - Vrátka 1km N, Obchoditá nr. Očová (R). Sampling dates: vi.

Sapromyza (Nannomyza) basalis Zetterstedt, 1847 A rather common Palaearctic forest species with saprophagous larvae. Localities: Havranie skaly (R), Hrochoť - Beňova dolina (R, R & Š), Hrochotská dolina - Hrochoť 3 km E (R & Š), Hronček - ponds (R), Hrončecký grúň (R, R & Š), Kyslinky - Pod Dudášom (R, Š), Spády waterfall (R), Zadná Poľana (R & Š). Sampling dates: v-x.

*Sapromyza (Sapromyza) albiceps Fallén, 1820 A very rare Palaearctic species, in Slovakia known only from the Bukovské vrchy Hills (Roháček 1995). It is considered an endangered (EN) species in the Czech Republic (Martinek & Barták 2005). Localities: Hronček - ponds, sweeping undergrowth of alder forest, 7.vii.2000, 1m 2f, sweeping over boggy meadow, 7.vii.2000, 4m 2f; Vrchslatina, sweeping over boggy meadow, 5.vii.2000, 1m (all R).

204 Sapromyza (Sapromyza) obscuripennis Loew, 1847 A European forest species, not rare in Central Europe but rather thermophilous, with saprophagous larvae. Localities: Hrochoť - Beňova dolina, Hrochotská dolina - Hrochoť 3 km E (R & Š), Snohy nr. Hriňová, Spády valley (R). Sampling dates: v-x.

Sapromyza (Sapromyza) opaca Becker, 1895 A Palaearctic hygrophilous and saprophagous species, rather rare in Central Europe. Localities: Sudová 0.5 km W, Želobuza (R). Sampling dates: vi.

Sapromyza (Sapromyza) palpella Rondani, 1868 A species distributed mainly in South Europe and the Near East, thermophilous and rather rare in Central Europe, with saprophagous larvae. Localities: Havranie skaly, Obchoditá nr. Očová (R). Sampling dates: vi.

Sapromyza (Sapromyza) sexpunctata Meigen, 1826 A fairly common Palaearctic hygrophilous species. Larva saprophagous. Localities: Hrochotská dolina - Hrochoť 3 km E (R, R & Š), Hronček - ponds, Spády valley (R). Sampling dates: vi-x.

*Sapromyza (Sapromyza) schnabli Papp, 1987 A rare West Palaearctic forest species, hygrophilous, and psychrophilous, saprophagous. It was known only from several localities in Slovakia (see Martinek 1982, 1986; Semelbauer & Kozánek 2009). The species was formerly reported as S. obsoletoides Schnabl, 1876 and S. setiventris Zetterstedt, 1847, respectively. Localities: Hrochotská dolina - Hrochoť 3 km E, Malaise trap, near brook, 22.vii.-2.x.2008, 1f, 3.vi.- 22.vii.2008, 2m (R & Š); Hrončecký grúň, sweeping undergrowth of mixed forest, 23.viii.2007, 2m (R), Malaise trap, 13.vii.-10.viii.2005, 1m (R & Š).

Sapromyza (Schumannimyia) hyalinata (Meigen, 1826) A fairly common Palaearctic forest species, rather thermophilous, with saprophagous larvae. Localities: Čierny Potok, Detva - Detvianský potok, Hriňová - Dolná Riečka (R), Hrochoť - Beňova dolina (R & Š), Hronček - ponds, Kyslinky - Hrochotská dolina, Očová 2 km NE - Hučava valley, Očová 3 km NE - Hučava valley, Sihla env. (R). Sampling dates: v-vii.

Sapromyzosoma quadricincta (Becker, 1895) A West Palaearctic species, rather thermophilous, not rare in Central Europe. Larva saprophagous. Locality: Hrochoť - Beňova dolina (R & Š). Sampling dates: vii-viii.

Sapromyzosoma quadripunctata (Linnaeus, 1767) A common West Palaearctic thermophilous species with saprophagous larva. Localities: Hriňová 4 km NW, Obchoditá nr. Očová (R). Sampling dates: vi-vii.

Tricholauxania praeusta (Fallén, 1820) A West Palaearctic forest species, one of the most common species of the family, hygrophilous, with sapro- phagous larvae. Localities: Bátová - Při Bútľavke (R), Hriňová - Dolná Riečka, Hrochoť - Beňova dolina (R), Hrochotská dolina - Hrochoť 3 km E (R, R & Š), Kyslinky - Hrochotská dolina, Hronček - ponds (R), Hrončecký grúň (R & Š), Obchoditá nr. Očová (R). Sampling dates: v-x.

References

Dvořáková, K. 2006: Lauxaniidae Bezzi 1914. In Jedlička, L., Stloukalová, V. & Kúdela, M. (eds): Checklist of Diptera of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Electronic version 1. http://zoology.fns.uniba.sk/diptera + CD (ISBN 80-969629-0-6). Martinek, V. 1977a: Druhy čeledi Lauxaniidae (Diptera), zastoupené ve sbírkách Moravského muzea v Brně [Species of the family Lauxaniidae (Diptera) represented in the collections of the Moravian Museum in Brno]. Acta Musei Moraviae, Sci. Nat., 62: 71-86. Martinek, V. 1977b: Dvoukřídlý hmyz. In Roček, Z. (ed.): Příroda Orlických hor a Podorlicka. 660 pp. (pp. 469- 479), Okresní muzeum Orlických hor v Rychnově nad Kněžnou, ZSN, Praha. Martinek, V. 1982: Discovery of some new species of Diptera - Acalyptrata in the fauna of Czechoslovakia. Folia Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Purkynianae Brunensis 23, Biologia 74: 75-81. Martinek, V. 1984: Další údaje o rozšíření některých druhů skupiny Acalyptrata (Diptera) na území SSR. I. (Čeledi Heleomyzidae a Lauxaniidae). [Recent data of the distribution of some species of the group Acalyptrata (Diptera) in the territory of the SSR (Slovak Socialistic Republic). I (Families: Heleomyzidae and Lauxaniidae)]. Acta Rerum naturalium Musei nationalis Slovaci, Bratislava 30: 127-142.

205 Martinek, V. 1986: Čeľaď: Lauxaniidae. In Čepelák, J. (ed.): Diptera Slovenska II. 435 pp. (pp. 101-109), Veda, Bratislava. Martinek, V. & Barták, M. 2005: Lauxaniidae (stínomilkovití). In Farkač, J., Král, D. & Škorpík, M. (eds): Červený seznam ohrožených druhů České republiky. Bezobratlí. Red list of threatened species in the Czech Republic. Invertebrates. 760 pp. (p. 321), Agentura ochrany přírody a krajiny ČR, Praha. Merz, B. 2003: The Lauxaniidae (Diptera) described by C. F. Fallén with description of a misidentified species of Homoneura van der Wulp. Insect Systematics and Evolution 34: 345-360. Merz, B. 2007: Lauxaniidae. In Pape T. (ed.): Fauna Europaea: Diptera, Brachycera. Fauna Europaea version 1.3, http://www.faunaeur.org. Miller, R. M. 1977: Ecology of Lauxaniidae (Diptera: Acalyptratae) I. Old and new rearing records with biological notes and discussion. Annals of Natal Museum 23: 215-238. Miller, R. M. & Foote, B. A. 1976: Biology and immature stages of eight species of Lauxaniidae (Diptera) II. Descriptions of immature stages and discussion of larval feeding habits and morphology. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 78: 16-37. Roháček, J. 1995: Lauxaniidae. In Roháček, J., Starý, J., Martinovský, J. & Vála, M. (eds): Diptera Bukovských vrchov (Diptera of the Bukovské Hills). 232 pp. (pp. 127-129), SAŽP – Správa CHKO a BR Východné Karpaty, Humenné. Semelbauer, M. & Kozánek, M. 2009: Lauxaniidae of Slovakia, faunistic notes and seasonal dynamics of selected species. Folia faunistica Slovaca 14(10): 63-79.

Chamaemyiidae

Jindřich Roháček

This is a family of acalyptrate Diptera with more than 110 species in Europe (108 species listed by Gaimari & Tanasijtshuk 2007 in Fauna Europaea where several recently described species are omitted). In Slovakia the fauna of Chamaemyiidae is rather poorly known with only 19 species recorded (Barták & Papp 2006). Adults are minute to small (1-5 mm), usually silvery grey flies, often with dark markings on head, thorax or abdomen. The larvae are predators of small homopteran insects (aphids, woolly aphids, scale insects, gall-forming psyllids) living on many species of plants. Adults can be found in a wide range of habitats, both open grassland and forests from lowlands to montane altitudes. For further information, see (McAlpine 1971; Tanasijtshuk 1986; McLean 1998). No species of Chamae- myiidae were previously recorded from the Poľana PLA-BR; however, 12 species have been found in the study area during the present survey, including 5 new additions to the regional dipterous fauna thus raising the number of species in Slovakia to 24. The voucher specimens of species recorded below are deposited in SMOC.

Chamaemyia aridella (Fallén, 1823) Probably a widespread species in Europe, common in Central Europe in grassy habitats. As in other species of Chamaemyia, the larvae are predators of coccids living on roots and in sheaths of grasses. Localities: Bátová - Pri Bútľavke, Čierny Potok, Čierny potok valley, Detva - Horná Chrapková, Detva – Kala- márka, Hriňová 4 km NW, Kyslinky - Majerová, Kyslinky - Príslopy, Kyslinky - Hrochotská dolina (R), Lom nad Rimavicou env. (V), Obchoditá nr. Očová, Očová 2 km NE - Hučava valley, Predná Poľana Mt. - Žliebky (R), Sihla 3 km W (V), Sihla - Kamenistý potok, Vrchslatina (R), Zákľuky Mt. (V). Sampling dates: v-ix.

Chamaemyia elegans (Panzer, 1809) A species widespread in temperate belt of the Palaearctic Region, common in Central Europe but hitherto rarely recorded from Slovakia (see Lapáček 1986; Roháček 1995). Localities: Čierny Potok, Hrončecký grúň, Hronček env., Hronček - ponds, Hronček valley, Zákľuky Mt. (R). Sampling dates: v-vii.

**Chamaemyia emiliae Tanasijtshuk, 1970 Probably a widespread Palaearctic species but hitherto recorded from a few countries in Europe (Switzerland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Bulgaria, Belarus, Russia). First record from Slovakia. Locality: Spády valley, sweeping over boggy meadow, 4.vii.2006, 1m (R).

206