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AusAgLCI - A Life Cycle Inventory database for Australian agriculture MAY 2014 RIRDC Publication No. 14/045 AusAgLCI - A Life Cycle Inventory database for Australian agriculture by Sandra Eady1, Tim Grant2, Helene Cruypenninck2, Marguerite Renouf2 and Gonzalo Mata1 1 CSIRO 2 Life Cycle Strategies May 2014 RIRDC Publication No. 14/045 RIRDC Project No. PRJ-007363 i © 2014 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-1-74254-661-2 ISSN 1440-6845 AusAgLCI - A Life Cycle Inventory database for Australian agriculture Publication No. 14/045 Project No. PRJ-007363 The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, RIRDC, the authors or contributors. The Commonwealth of Australia does not necessarily endorse the views in this publication. This publication is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, all other rights are reserved. However, wide dissemination is encouraged. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to RIRDC Communications on phone 02 6271 4100. Researcher Contact Details Dr Sandra Eady CSIRO New England Highway Armidale NSW 2350 Email: [email protected] In submitting this report, the researcher has agreed to RIRDC publishing this material in its edited form. RIRDC Contact Details Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation Level 2, 15 National Circuit BARTON ACT 2600 PO Box 4776 KINGSTON ACT 2604 Phone: 02 6271 4100 Fax: 02 6271 4199 Email: [email protected]. Web: http://www.rirdc.gov.au Electronically published by RIRDC in May 2014 Print-on-demand by Union Offset Printing, Canberra at www.rirdc.gov.au or phone 1300 634 313 ii Foreword Over the last decade there has been a significant focus on the environmental impact of products and services across the economy, resulting in environmental product declarations and delivery agreements where the supplier is required to demonstrate an on-going improvement program of environmental sustainability. Once action is required, primary producers need to be able to make an objective assessment of their environmental impact (by Life Cycle Assessment, LCA) so that “hot spots” in their production system can be identified, and options to reduce these impacts can be investigated. Country specific Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) for agricultural products is essential for Australian agriculture to undertake environmental impact studies related to food and fibre, especially where differences in management systems and regional climate, soils and vegetation significantly affect LCA results. The goal of inventory collection for AusAgLCI was to provide underlying data to ensure Australian primary producers can readily, and objectively, demonstrate that their products are being produced in a responsible manner, in a system where environmental assessment is used to aid and drive improvements. This will assist producers to meet marketing requirements and to benchmark their production in global markets. To this end, the AusAgLCI project has delivered a scientifically robust, standardised and transparent system for developing life cycle inventory specific to Australian agricultural production with key inventory being prepared for cotton, grains, horticulture, livestock feeds and sugar. Publication of AusAgLCI gives LCA practitioners access to country specific inventory that they can use to assess supply chains that contain Australian agricultural inputs. The AusAgLCI database and guidelines are available for download at http://alcas.asn.au/AusLCI/index.php/Datasets/Agriculture AusAgLCI was financially supported by industry via CRDC, DA, GRDC, FWPA, HAL, MLA, SRA and project partners DAFF Qld, USQ and CSIRO. This report is an addition to RIRDC’s diverse range of over 2000 research publications and it forms part of our Global Challenges R&D program, which aims to improve agricultural productivity. Most of RIRDC’s publications are available for viewing, free downloading or purchasing online at www.rirdc.gov.au. Purchases can also be made by phoning 1300 634 313. Craig Burns Managing Director Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation iii About the Author Dr Sandra Eady is a Principal Research Scientist based at CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Armidale, NSW. Dr Eady is a geneticist with expertise in developing national breeding programs and implementing them on-farm. Her current activities, in CSIRO’s Sustainable Agriculture Flagship, expand her expertise in farming systems to the area of life cycle assessment, determining the carbon and water “footprint” for agricultural products, on-farm greenhouse gas emissions profiles and opportunities for biosequestration of carbon. Dr Eady is lead author of a CSIRO report that explores the GHG mitigation and carbon storage opportunities from rural land use for Queensland and, more broadly, Australia, a publication that shaped the design of national policy on climate change. She is a senior member of the Flagship team working on science to support policy frameworks for agriculture and greenhouse gas offset-design within the Carbon Farming Initiative, and the impact of an emerging carbon market on rural land use. Sandra has also completed a number of lifecycle assessments for agricultural products including four beef production systems, two sheep systems, a wide range of broadacre crops, and live export cattle from northern Australian to Indonesian feedlots. Acknowledgments The building of Life Cycle Inventory is a massive exercise in collecting disparate pieces of information to bring together the data in a way that can tell a coherent story about the environmental impact of a production process. Hence, there are also many people who have contributed their time and knowledge for this project, and this contribution is warmly acknowledged by the project team. Annette Cowie, UNE, Armidale Beverley Henry, QUT, Brisbane Bill Sharp, Strawberry Grower, Wamuran Cameron Weeks, Planfarm, Geraldton Dale Abbott, Bowen Crop Monitoring Services, Bowen Danni Oliver, CSIRO, Adelaide Des Rinehart, MLA, Brisbane Douglas Eady, Hastings Deering, Brisbane Geoff Neithe, MLA, Brisbane Glen Riethmuller, Dept Agric & Food WA, Perth Graeme Thomas, GLT Horticultural Services, Toowoomba Guy Roth, Roth Rural & Regional, Narrabri Jennifer Rowling, Strawberry Industry Development Officer, Cooroy Joe Lane, UQ, Brisbane Jonathan Hercule, CSIRO Student Trainee, Armidale Keith Jackwitz, Vegefresh, Helidon iv Melanie Shaw, DERM Qld, Brisbane Mike Raupach, CSIRO, Canberra Nigel Wilhelm, SARDI, Adelaide Paul Jones, Coolhaven Farms, Beerburrum Peter Briggs, CSIRO, Canberra Peter Smith, NSW DPI, Tamworth Pip Brock, NSW DPI, Tocal Richard Apps, MLA, Brisbane Richard Routley, DAFF Qld, Toowoomba Rod Menzies, RH Menzies & Associates, Arana Hills Stephen Wiedemann, FSA, Toowoomba Stewart Lindsay, DAFF Qld, South Johnstone Susan Maas, CRDC, Emerald Teunis Dijkman, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby Tim McClelland, Birchip Cropping Group, Birchip Essential guides in this process have been our fellow members of the AusAgLCI Steering Committee: Allan Williams (CRDC), Bianca Cairns (SRDC), Bruce Pyke (CRDC), Chris Lafferty (FWPA), Craig Baillie (USQ), Guang Chen (USQ), Martin Blumenthal (GRDC), Neil van Burren (DA), Peter Deuter (DAFF Qld), Peter Melville (HAL), Simon Winter (RIRDC), and Tom Davison (MLA). v Glossary Australian Life Cycle Assessment Society (ALCAS) - Australia’s peak professional organisation for people involved in the use and development of Life Cycle Assessment, management and thinking. AusLCI – national, publicly-accessible database with access to authoritative, comprehensive and transparent environmental information on a range of Australian products and services over their entire life cycle. BiosEquil – biophysical model developed by CSIRO to model water and nutrient flows in the Australian landscape. Ecotoxicity – the potential impact on an ecosystem from the release of toxic substances. Elementary flows – flows to and from nature in processing system, such as water, greenhouse gases, pesticides, nutrients, minerals, coal and oil. Environmental product declaration (EPD) - an EPD is a standardized (ISO 14025:2006) tool to communicate the environmental performance of a product or system, based on a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Eutrophication – the enrichment of waterways with mineral and organic nutrients that promote a proliferation of plant life, especially algae, which reduces the dissolved oxygen content and often causes the extinction of other organisms. Greenhouse gas (GHG) - gaseous
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