DOCSLIB.ORG

The Effects of the Trematode Bucephalus Polymorphus on the Reproductive Cycle of the Zebra Mussel Dreissena Polymorpha in the Drava River

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Effects of the Trematode Bucephalus Polymorphus on the Reproductive Cycle of the Zebra Mussel Dreissena Polymorpha in the Drava River DOI: 10.2478/s11686-008-0011-1 © 2008 W. Stefañski Institute of Parasitology, PAS Acta Parasitologica, 2008, 53(1), 85–92; ISSN 1230-2821 The effects of the trematode Bucephalus polymorphus on the reproductive cycle of the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha in the Drava River Jasna Lajtner1*, Andreja Luciæ1, Miljenko Marušiæ2 and Radovan Erben1 1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000 Zagreb; 2Department of Mathematics, University of Zagreb, Bijenièka 30, HR-10000 Zagreb; Croatia Abstract The effects of the trematode Bucephalus polymorphus on the reproductive cycle of the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha were examined in mussel populations from the Drava River. The reproductive cycle was studied by histological examination of the gonads and quantified by an image analysing system to determine changes in volume of the entire visceral mass, gonads, digestive glands and in particular the volume of trematodes. Results confirmed that (1) gonads of D. polymorpha were affect- ed by B. polymorphus infection more than any other organ and (2) development of cercariae in sporocysts of B. polymorphus coincides with host gonad maturation. This is the first study in which the image analysing system was used to determine the effect of trematodes on the reproductive cycle of D. polymorpha. Also, this is the first record of sporocysts of B. polymorphus in D. polymorpha in this part of Europe. Keywords Bucephalus polymorphus, Dreissena polymorpha, sporocyst, cercariae, Drava River, Croatia Introduction Many studies of biology and ecology of D. polymorpha have been conducted (Morton 1969, Walz 1973, Stañczykow- The freshwater mussel Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) ska 1977, Lewandowski 1982). However, investigations of has become one of the most dominant species in many lakes diversity, distribution and significance of endoparasites of and rivers of Europe, since it began spreading from the Cas- D. polymorpha have become important only during the past pian area in the early 19th century (Stañczykowska 1977). In decade. These studies include Dreissena’s mantle-cavity cili- the mid-1980s, it could occasionally be found in the Great ates (Laruelle et al. 1999, Burlakova et al. 2000, Karatayev et Lakes of North America where it is suspected to have entered al. 2000), intracytoplasmic prokaryotes (Molloy et al. 2001) via ballast water discharge (Hebert et al. 1989), and today and endosymbiont assemblages detected in Dreissena popu- D. polymorpha spreads rapidly over the Nearctic region. This lations in Russia (Kuperman et al. 1994, Molloy et al. 1996) success of D. polymorpha could be attributed to the ability of and Belarus (Karatayev et al. 2000). adults to adhere to hard surfaces with their byssus, to devel- To date, seven genera of trematodes parasitic in D. poly- opment by free-swimming veliger larvae, and to their extraor- morpha have been described: Bucephalus (Digenea, Buce- dinarily high fecundity (Stañczykowska 1977, Borcherding phalidae), Phyllodistomum (Gorgoderidae), Echinoparyphium 1991). and Echinostoma (Echinostomatidae), Sanguinicola (Sangui- In Croatia, D. polymorpha is a new species which began to nicolidae), Leucochloridiomorpha (Brachylaemidae) and As- colonize the Drava River ecosystem during the 1980s (Erben pidogaster (Aspidogastrea, Aspidogastridae) (Conn and Conn et al. 2000, Lajtner et al. 2004). Since then, it has spread 1995, Molloy et al. 1997, Laruelle et al. 2002). upstream to the town of Varaždin and this process is still in In the life cycle of Bucephalus polymorphus (Baer, 1827), progress (Lajtner et al. 2004). D. polymorpha is the first intermediate host (Molloy et al. *Corresponding author: [email protected] 86 Jasna Lajtner et al. Œl¹ski 1997). The life cycle starts with the development of the earli- digestive gland, byssus gland, foot, parts of the adductor mus- est larval stage, the miracidium, which enters the mantle cav- cle) were separated from the remaining tissues (gills, mantle, ity of the mussel via water and penetrates the visceral mass, heart, kidneys, parts of adductor muscle), fixed in Bouin’s fix- especially in the gonad area. Here, the miracidium develops ative, dehydrated in an ascending alcohol series and chloro- into the sporocyst which is of irregular shape with many form and embedded in Paraplast Plus (Sigma P-3683, melt- branches. The next developmental stage, the cercaria, devel- ing point 56°C). Each visceral mass was completely cut in ops within the sporocyst. After completing their development, transverse sections (10 µm); thereby enabling us to record the the cercariae exit the mussel mantle cavity and enter the sec- length of the visceral mass (distance from the first to the last ond intermediate host via water. Most frequently, these hosts section). During this process, 20 sections were taken along the are cyprinid fishes, in which the metacercarial stage develops. whole visceral mass, stained with Mayer’s haemalaun (Merck) The final hosts are also fishes, infected with metacercariae and eosin and mounted in Canada balsam (Romeis 1968). The while eating infected fish. Metacercariae develop into adult stage of gametogenic development was described using a four- trematodes and become sexually mature. After fertilisation, a step qualitative evaluation, as reported by Gist et al. (1997): new life cycle starts (Molloy et al. 1997). stage 0 = gonad inactive; stage 1 = developing; stage 2 = pre- This paper focuses on infections of B. polymorphus in spawn; stage 3 = postspawn. D. polymorpha and is a further contribution towards under- For ten mussels, the areas of the whole visceral mass, go- standing the endoparasites of this mussel. It presents histo- nads, digestive gland and trematodes were measured using an logical photomicrographs illustrating the precise location of image analysing system (LUCIA G 4.81) according to Bor- trematodes in the visceral mass. Also, by measuring the vol- cherding (1991). To calculate volume, the mean tissue areas of ume of the gonads, digestive glands and other organs of the each mussel were multiplied by the corresponding length of visceral mass and comparing these data to data for uninfect- the visceral mass. In addition, indices of gonad, digestive ed mussels, an attempt was made to determine the impact of gland and other tissues of the visceral mass were calculated trematodes on the reproductive cycle of D. polymorpha. as the percentage of tissue to visceral mass volume (Borcherd- ing 1991). Materials and methods Statistical analyses All statistical analyses were carried out using SAS System Field sampling for Windows. The MANOVA test was used to test for differ- Mussels were collected on eight field trips from January to ences between infected and uninfected mussels. The Wilcox- December 2000, each of approximately 35 to 40 days. The on rank sum test was used to establish differences for a par- collecting site was immediately offshore of the Drava River ticular variable. P-values less than 0.05 (p<0.05) were con- (46°19′N, 16°44′E), approximately 1 km downstream of the sidered statistically significant. dam of the Dubrava hydro-electric power plant, at depths ranging from 0.3 to 0.5 m. Current velocity was generally lower than 0.50 m/s. Mussels were scraped from small rocks, Results collected by wading. On each sampling date, 50 specimens of D. polymorpha were collected. Examination of the histological preparations indicated that of Physical and chemical parameters including water tem- 80 analysed mussels, 17 (21.3%) were infected with B. poly- perature, °C (range 8.20–22.00), pH (range 7.70–8.15), dis- morphus. Twelve (70.6%) of these were females, three were solved oxygen, mg/l (range 8.20–16.70), calcium, mg/l (range males (17.6%) and two (11.8%) were hermaphrodites. Infect- 38.40–46.40), total hardness, mg CaCO3/l (range 132.00– ed mussels were found at each sampling date. 168.00), alkalinity, ml 0.1 N HCl/1-m (2.30–2.70) and micro- biological parameters, chlorophyll a, mg/m3 (range 0.06–2.52) Reproductive cycle of Dreissena polymorpha were recorded at each sampling date. Gametogenesis (oogenesis and spermatogenesis) (gonad stage 1) started in autumn and continued through winter and Histological procedures and tissue measurements early spring. Gonad development was accelerated in spring Shell length, shell width and shell height of all mussels were with the rise of water temperature while first mature oocytes measured with vernier callipers. Afterwards, thirty randomly- and spermatozoa were recorded already in March (gonad stage selected mussels were submitted for length-dry mass analysis. 2). Spawning occurred in May and June, which was confirmed The results of these analyses are being prepared separately for by a large number of mussels at gonad stage 3. Temperature publication. Other mussels, with an approximate shell length and sufficient food resources are the main triggers that induce of 26.0 ± 2 mm, were chosen for histological analysis. The synchronized and massive spawning (Borcherding 1991, Gist visceral mass of mussels (containing gonads, stomach, gut, et al. 1997, Wacker and von Elert 2003). Already in April, the The effects of Bucephalus polymorphus on D. polymorpha 87 Stanis³a water temperature in the Drava River was above 12°C, while Site selection of the parasites chlorophyll a values were at the highest level (2.52 mg/m3). Bucephalus polymorphus was identified in histological sec- Mussels in the rest stage (gonad stage 0) were already tions by the shape of its sporocysts, its position in the mussel found in August and some mussels remained in this stage until body and the morphological characteristics of the cercariae January. The greatest number of mussels in the rest stage was according to Laruelle et al. (2002) (Fig. 1). observed in October. Fig. 1. Gonads of Dreissena polymorpha filled with sporocyst branches containing several developmental stages of cercariae of Bucephalus polymorphus: A. Accumulation of haemocytes at the site of first infection. B. Early stage of cercarial development.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Digenetic Trematodes of Marine Teleost Fishes from Biscayne Bay, Florida Robin M
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Laboratory of Parasitology 6-26-1969 Digenetic Trematodes of Marine Teleost Fishes from Biscayne Bay, Florida Robin M. Overstreet University of Miami, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs Part of the Parasitology Commons Overstreet, Robin M., "Digenetic Trematodes of Marine Teleost Fishes from Biscayne Bay, Florida" (1969). Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. 867. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs/867 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. TULANE STUDIES IN ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY Volume 15, Number 4 June 26, 1969 DIGENETIC TREMATODES OF MARINE TELEOST FISHES FROM BISCAYNE BAY, FLORIDA1 ROBIN M. OVERSTREET2 Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida CONTENTS ABSTRACT 120 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 120 INTRODUCTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [Show full text]
  • Original Papers Species Richness and Diversity of the Parasites of Two Predatory Fish Species – Perch (Perca Fluviatilis Linna
    Annals of Parasitology 2015, 61(2), 85–92 Copyright© 2015 Polish Parasitological Society Original papers Species richness and diversity of the parasites of two predatory fish species – perch (Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758) and zander ( Sander lucioperca Linnaeus, 1758) from the Pomeranian Bay Iwona Bielat, Monika Legierko, Ewa Sobecka Division of Hydrobiology, Ichthyology and Biotechnology of Breeding, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Kazimierza Królewicza 4, 71-550 Szczecin, Poland Corresponding author: Ewa Sobecka; e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Pomeranian Bay as an ecotone is a transition zone between two different biocenoses, which is characterized by an increase in biodiversity and species density. Therefore, Pomeranian Bay is a destination of finding and reproductive migrations of fish from the rivers entered the area. The aim of the study was to compare parasitic fauna of two predatory fish species from the Pomeranian Bay, collected from the same fishing grounds at the same period. A total of 126 fish studied (53 perches and 73 zanders) were collected in the summer 2013. Parasitological examinations included: skin, fins, gills, vitreous humour and lens of the eye, mouth cavity, body cavity and internal organs. Apart from the prevalence and intensity of infection (mean, range) the parasite communities of both fish species were compared. European perch and zander were infected with parasites from five different taxonomic units. The most numerous parasites were Diplostomum spp. in European perch and Bucephalus polymorphus in zander. The prevalence of infection of European perch ranged from 5.7% ( Diphyllobothrium latum ) to 22.3% ( Diplostomum spp.) and for zander from 1.4% ( Ancyrocephalus paradoxus , Hysterothylacium aduncum ) to 12.3% ( Bucephalus polymorphus ).
    [Show full text]
  • Digenetic Trematodes of Some Teleost Fish Off the Mudanya Coast (Sea of Marmara, Turkey)
    ©2006 Parasitological Institute of SAS, Košice DOI 10.2478/s11687-006-0030-0 HELMINTHOLOGIA, 43, 3: 161 – 167, SEPTEMBER 2006 Digenetic trematodes of some teleost fish off the Mudanya Coast (Sea of Marmara, Turkey) M. C. OGUZ1, R. A. BRAY 2 1Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Art, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey; E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; 2Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK Summary ........... A total of 200 fishes belonging to nine species were samp- 1990 to May 1993, between 6 and 28 specimens of 9 fish led from the Sea of Marmara. Thirteen trematode species species were collected. The fish were placed in plastic were recorded in the intestine of these hosts: Helicometra containers containing sea water and then transferred the fasciata and Diphterostomum brusinae in Zosterisessor research laboratory. They were kept in the tanks until exa- ophiocephalus; Monascus filiformis in Trachurus trachu- mination within 24 hours of collection. Methods adapted rus; Dicrogaster purpusilla, Schikhobalotrema sparisomae and utilised for the helminthological necropsy, and later for and Sacccocoelium obesum in Liza saliens; Macvicaria the analysis, were routine techniques (Pritchard & Kruse, alacris, H. fasciata and Gaevskajatrema perezi in Sympho- 1982). All possible sites of infection were examined for the dus tinca; Anisocladium fallax and A. capitellum in Ura- occurrence of parasites with the aid of a stereo microscope noscopus scaber; Stephanostomum caducum in Merluccius with ×12 and ×50 magnifications. The parasites were fixed merluccius; Bucephalus marinus, Stephanostomum gai- with AFA, and then stained with Mayer’s carmalum. Data dropsari and H.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Curriculum Vitae Stephen S. Curran, Ph.D. Department of Coastal
    Curriculum vitae Stephen S. Curran, Ph.D. Department of Coastal Sciences The University of Southern Mississippi Gulf Coast Research Laboratory 703 East Beach Drive Phone: (228) 238-0208 Ocean Springs, MS 39564 Email: [email protected] Research and Teaching Interests: I am an organismal biologist interested in the biodiversity of metazoan parasitic animals. I study their taxonomy using traditional microscopic and histological techniques and their genetic interrelationships and systematics using ribosomal DNA sequences. I also investigate the effects of extrinsic factors on aquatic environments by using parasite prevalence and abundance as a proxy for total biodiversity in aquatic communities and for assessing food web dynamics. I am also interested in the epidemiology of viral diseases of crustaceans. University Teaching Experience: •Instructor for Parasites of Marine Animals Summer class, University of Southern Mississippi, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (2011-present). •Co-Instructor (with Richard Heard) for Marine Invertebrate Zoology, University of Southern Mississippi, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (2007). •Intern Mentor, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory. I’ve instructed 16 interns during (2003, 2007- present). •Graduate Teaching Assistant for Animal Parasitology, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut (Spring 1995). •Graduate Teaching Assistant for Introductory Biology for Majors, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut (Fall 1994). Positions: •Assistant Research
    [Show full text]
  • Review and Meta-Analysis of the Environmental Biology and Potential Invasiveness of a Poorly-Studied Cyprinid, the Ide Leuciscus Idus
    REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE & AQUACULTURE https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2020.1822280 REVIEW Review and Meta-Analysis of the Environmental Biology and Potential Invasiveness of a Poorly-Studied Cyprinid, the Ide Leuciscus idus Mehis Rohtlaa,b, Lorenzo Vilizzic, Vladimır Kovacd, David Almeidae, Bernice Brewsterf, J. Robert Brittong, Łukasz Głowackic, Michael J. Godardh,i, Ruth Kirkf, Sarah Nienhuisj, Karin H. Olssonh,k, Jan Simonsenl, Michał E. Skora m, Saulius Stakenas_ n, Ali Serhan Tarkanc,o, Nildeniz Topo, Hugo Verreyckenp, Grzegorz ZieRbac, and Gordon H. Coppc,h,q aEstonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; bInstitute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Storebø, Norway; cDepartment of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łod z, Poland; dDepartment of Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; eDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, USP-CEU University, Madrid, Spain; fMolecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, UK; gDepartment of Life and Environmental Sciences, Bournemouth University, Dorset, UK; hCentre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, Suffolk, UK; iAECOM, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada; jOntario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada; kDepartment of Zoology, Tel Aviv University and Inter-University Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, Tel Aviv,
    [Show full text]
  • Binder 021, Bucephalidae [Trematoda Taxon Notebooks]
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Trematoda Taxon Notebooks Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of February 2021 Binder 021, Bucephalidae [Trematoda Taxon Notebooks] Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/trematoda Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Parasitic Diseases Commons, and the Parasitology Commons Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, "Binder 021, Bucephalidae [Trematoda Taxon Notebooks]" (2021). Trematoda Taxon Notebooks. 21. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/trematoda/21 This Portfolio is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Trematoda Taxon Notebooks by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Family BUCEPHALIDAE POCHE, 1907 1. Bucephalus varicus Manter, 1940 Host. Caranx hippos (Linn.): Common jack; family Carangidae Incidence of Infection. In 1 of 1 host Location. Mainly close to pyloric junction and a few scattered speci­ mens along length of entire intestine Locality. Bayboro Harbor, Tampa Bay, (new locality record) Florida Discussion. Manter (1940) pictured variation of tentacles and displa- ---- -- cement of organs in preserved B. varicus from the Tropical American Pacific and Tortugas, Florida. We have studied live B. varicus under slight coverslip pressure and can confirm the variations observed by Manter ( 1940) . B. varicus has been reported from no less than eleven different carangid species from Okinawa, the Red Sea, Tortugas, Florida, and the Tropical American Pacific. The only other record of B. varicus from Caranx hippos is by Bravo and Sogandares (1957) from the Pacific Coast of Mexico.
    [Show full text]
  • Bacciger Bacciger (Trematoda: Fellodistomidae) Infection Effects on Wedge Clam Donax Trunculus Condition
    Vol. 111: 259–267, 2014 DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Published October 16 doi: 10.3354/dao02769 Dis Aquat Org Bacciger bacciger (Trematoda: Fellodistomidae) infection effects on wedge clam Donax trunculus condition Xavier de Montaudouin1,*, Hocein Bazairi2, Karima Ait Mlik2, Patrice Gonzalez1 1Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5805 EPOC, Marine Station, 2 rue du Pr Jolyet, 33120 Arcachon, France 2University Mohammed V - Agdal, Faculty of Sciences, 4 Av. Ibn Battota, Rabat, Morocco ABSTRACT: Wedge clams Donax trunculus inhabit high-energy environments along sandy coasts of the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Two sites were sampled monthly, one in Morocco (Mehdia), where the density was normal, and one in France (Biscarosse), where the density was very low. We tested the hypothesis that the difference in density between the sites was related to infection by the trematode parasite Bacciger bacciger. Identity of both the parasite and the host were verified using anatomical and molecular criteria. Parasite prevalence (i.e. the percentage of parasitized clams) was almost 3 times higher at Biscarosse. At this site, overall prevalence reached 32% in July and was correlated with the migration of several individuals (with a prevalence of 88%) to the sediment surface. After this peak, prevalence decreased rapidly, suggesting death of parasitized clams. The deleterious effect of B. bacciger on wedge clams was also supported by our calculations indicating that the weight of the parasite made up to 56% of the total weight of the parasitized clams. However, condition indices of trematode-free clams were also lower in Biscarosse than in Mehdia or other sites, suggesting that other factors such as pollu- tants or microparasites (Microcytos sp.) may alter wedge clam population fitness in Biscarosse.
    [Show full text]
  • An Efficient Photograph-Based Quantitative Method for Assessing Castrating Trematode Cambridge.Org/Par Parasites in Bivalve Molluscs
    Parasitology An efficient photograph-based quantitative method for assessing castrating trematode cambridge.org/par parasites in bivalve molluscs Research Article Joshua I. Brian and David C. Aldridge Cite this article: Brian JI, Aldridge DC (2020). Aquatic Ecology Group, The David Attenborough Building, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, An efficient photograph-based quantitative Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK method for assessing castrating trematode parasites in bivalve molluscs. Parasitology 147, Abstract 1375–1380. https://doi.org/10.1017/ S0031182020001213 Parasitic castration of bivalves by trematodes is common, and may significantly reduce the reproductive capacity of ecologically important species. Understanding the intensity of infec- Received: 6 April 2020 tion is desirable, as it can indicate the time that has passed since infection, and influence the Revised: 13 May 2020 ’ Accepted: 8 July 2020 host s physiological and reproductive response. In addition, it is useful to know the develop- First published online: 30 July 2020 mental stage of the trematode, to understand trematode population trends and reproductive success. However, most existing methods (e.g. visually estimating the degree of infection) to Key words: assess intensity are approximate only and not reproducible. Here, we present a method to Anodonta; bivalve; castration; cercariae; gonad; sporocyst accurately quantify the percentage of bivalve gonad filled with digenean trematode tissue, based on small squashes of gonad tissue rapidly photographed under light microscopy. Author for correspondence: A maximum of 15 photographs is required to determine the percentage of the whole Joshua I. Brian, E-mail: [email protected] gonad occupied by trematodes with a minimum of 90% confidence, with smaller mussels requiring fewer.
    [Show full text]
  • Endosymbionts of Dreissena Polymorpha (PALLAS) in Belarus
    Internat. Rev. Hydrobiol. 85 2000 5–6 543–559 ALEXANDER Y. KARATAYEV1, *, LYUBOV E. BURLAKOVA1, DANIEL P. MOLLOY2, ** and LYUDMILA K. VOLKOVA1 1General Ecology Department, Belarussian State University, 4 Skoryna Ave., Minsk, Belarus 220050. e-mail: [email protected] 2Biological Survey, New York State Museum, Cultural Education Center, Albany, NY 12230, USA. e-mail: [email protected] Endosymbionts of Dreissena polymorpha (PALLAS) in Belarus key words: Dreissena polymorpha, endosymbionts, Conchophthirus acuminatus, trematodes Abstract Dreissena polymorpha were dissected and examined for endosymbionts from 17 waterbodies in Belarus – the country through whose waterways zebra mussels invaded Western Europe nearly two centuries ago. Fourteen types of parasites and other symbionts were observed within the mantle cavity and/or associated with internal tissues, including ciliates (Conchophthirus acuminatus, Ancistrumina limnica, and Ophryoglena sp.), trematodes (Echinostomatidae, Phyllodistomum, Bucephalus polymor- phus, and Aspidogaster), nematodes, oligochaetes, mites, chironomids, and leeches. Species composi- tion of endosymbionts differed among river basins and lake systems. The most common endosymbiont was the ciliate C. acuminatus. Its mean infection intensity varied significantly among waterbodies from 67 ± 6 to 3,324 ± 556 ciliates/mussel. 1. Introduction Zebra mussels, Dreissena polymorpha, have been spreading throughout European water- bodies since the beginning of the 19th century causing significant ecological impacts in the process (MACISAAC, 1996; KARATAYEV et al., 1997). Only a little more than a decade ago, Dreissena spp. were introduced into North American waters. Within a few years after the discovery of D. polymorpha in Lake St. Clair in 1988 (HEBERT et al., 1989), these mussels rapidly spread across much of North America (JOHNSON and PADILLA, 1996), causing hundreds of millions of dollars in damage and increased operating expenses at raw water- dependent infrastructures (O’NEILL, 1996, 1997).
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of the Life-History of Bucephalus Haimeanus; a Parasite of the Oyster
    LIFE-HISTORY OF BUCEPHALUS HAIMEANUS. 635 A Study of the Life-history of Bucephalus Haimeanus; a Parasite of the Oyster. By David Hilt Tcimeiit. With Plates 39—42. INTRODUCTION. AMONG a number of oysters which I procured in February, 1902, for the purpose of a demonstration, were several which were badly infected with the cercaria Bucephalus. At the suggestion of Professor Brooks I undertook a study of the origin of the germ-cells, from which the cercarias arise, the material at my command promising to be favourable for such an investigation. NOTE.—Since I began my studies on the origin of the germ- cells in Bucephalus haimeanus two papers on the process in related forms have appeared. I refer to those of Reuss (41, 1903) on Distomum duplicatum, and of Haswell (23, 1903) on Echinostomum sp. Further mention of these papers will be made at another place in this paper. Economic considerations have also made a study of the life history of the parasite of importance. Exact data as to the extent of infection, its means of spreading, the effect of infection upon the oyster, etc., have been desired. In my investigations I have endeavoured to determine not only facts of a purely scientific interest, but also those which will be of use to the oyster planter. 636 DAVJD HILT TENNENT. From this rather limited field my research gradually broadened until it included not only the study of the germ- cells, but also that of the older cercaria stages, as well as investigations along various lines for the purpose of deter- mining the complete life history of the form under considera- tion.
    [Show full text]
  • Worms, Germs, and Other Symbionts from the Northern Gulf of Mexico CRCDU7M COPY Sea Grant Depositor
    h ' '' f MASGC-B-78-001 c. 3 A MARINE MALADIES? Worms, Germs, and Other Symbionts From the Northern Gulf of Mexico CRCDU7M COPY Sea Grant Depositor NATIONAL SEA GRANT DEPOSITORY \ PELL LIBRARY BUILDING URI NA8RAGANSETT BAY CAMPUS % NARRAGANSETT. Rl 02882 Robin M. Overstreet r ii MISSISSIPPI—ALABAMA SEA GRANT CONSORTIUM MASGP—78—021 MARINE MALADIES? Worms, Germs, and Other Symbionts From the Northern Gulf of Mexico by Robin M. Overstreet Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Ocean Springs, Mississippi 39564 This study was conducted in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, Office of Sea Grant, under Grant No. 04-7-158-44017 and National Marine Fisheries Service, under PL 88-309, Project No. 2-262-R. TheMississippi-AlabamaSea Grant Consortium furnish ed all of the publication costs. The U.S. Government is authorized to produceand distribute reprints for governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation that may appear hereon. Copyright© 1978by Mississippi-Alabama Sea Gram Consortium and R.M. Overstrect All rights reserved. No pari of this book may be reproduced in any manner without permission from the author. Primed by Blossman Printing, Inc.. Ocean Springs, Mississippi CONTENTS PREFACE 1 INTRODUCTION TO SYMBIOSIS 2 INVERTEBRATES AS HOSTS 5 THE AMERICAN OYSTER 5 Public Health Aspects 6 Dcrmo 7 Other Symbionts and Diseases 8 Shell-Burrowing Symbionts II Fouling Organisms and Predators 13 THE BLUE CRAB 15 Protozoans and Microbes 15 Mclazoans and their I lypeiparasites 18 Misiellaneous Microbes and Protozoans 25 PENAEID
    [Show full text]
  • Pathogens and Parasites of the Mussels Mytilus Galloprovincialis and Perna Canaliculus: Assessment of the Threats Faced by New Zealand Aquaculture
    Pathogens and Parasites of the Mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis and Perna canaliculus: Assessment of the Threats Faced by New Zealand Aquaculture Cawthron Report No. 1334 December 2007 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The literature on pathogens and parasites of the mytilid genera Mytilus and Perna was surveyed with particular focus on M. galloprovincialis and P. canaliculus. Likely pathological threats posed to New Zealand mussel aquaculture were identified and recommendations were discussed under the following topics. Epidemiological differences between New Zealand Mytilus and Perna There is a paucity of data for this comparison. Comparability or otherwise would inform predictions as to the threat posed by overseas Mytilus parasites to New Zealand Perna and vice versa. Samples of P. canaliculus and M. galloprovincialis should be surveyed to establish any significant difference in parasite loads or pathology. Invasive dynamics and possible development of pathological threat The greatest potential threat to New Zealand Perna canaliculus aquaculture appears to be posed by parasites introduced by invading Mytilus species. These common ship-borne fouling organisms are a likely source of overseas pathogens, the most important of which are probably Marteilia spp. and disseminated haemic neoplasia. Hybridisation of invasive and local mussels presents a further potential pathology hazard by production of a more susceptible reservoir host thus giving the potential for production of more infected hosts and greater water load of transmission stages. Such an increase in transmission stages might be a cause of concern for Perna canaliculus whose susceptibility is currently unknown. Studies on Marteilia and haemic neoplasia are required to address the following questions: Is Perna canaliculus susceptible to either of these pathogens? What are the current prevalences of these pathogens in local mytilids? What species of mussels are entering New Zealand waters? Do they include Mytilus spp.
    [Show full text]