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Federal Hall National Memorial Foundation Document

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Federal Hall National Memorial Foundation Document NATIONAL PARK SERVICE • U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Foundation Document Federal Hall National Memorial New York August 2018 Foundation Document John St Nassau St Liberty St Platt St Trinity Church Federal Hall National Memorial NevelsonLouise Trinity Pl Plaza Pine St Gold St Broadway Maiden Ln Cedar St William St Wall St Exchange Pl Pearl St t New St S r e Broad St v o North n 0 250 500 a Water St Á Feet H Federal Hall National Memorial Contents Mission of the National Park Service 1 Introduction 2 Part 1: Core Components 3 Brief Description of the Park 3 Park Purpose 4 Park Significance 5 Fundamental Resources and Values 6 Other Important Resources and Values 7 Related Resources 7 Interpretive Themes 8 Part 2: Dynamic Components 9 Special Mandates and Administrative Commitments 9 Assessment of Planning and Data Needs 9 Analysis of Fundamental Resources and Values 9 Analysis of Other Important Resources and Values 16 Identification of Key Issues and Associated Planning and Data Needs 17 Planning and Data Needs 18 Part 3: Contributors 20 Federal Hall National Memorial 20 NPS Northeast Region 20 Other NPS Staff 20 Partners 20 Appendixes 21 Appendix A: Enabling Legislation and Legislative Acts for Federal Hall National Memorial 21 Appendix B: Inventory of Administrative Commitments 25 Foundation Document Federal Hall National Memorial Mission of the National Park Service The National Park Service (NPS) preserves unimpaired the natural and cultural resources and values of the national park system for the enjoyment, education, and inspiration of this and future generations. The National Park Service cooperates with partners to extend the benefits of natural and cultural resource conservation and outdoor recreation throughout this country and the world. The NPS core values are a framework in which the National Park Service accomplishes its mission. They express the manner in which, both individually and collectively, the National Park Service pursues its mission. The NPS core values are: · Shared stewardship: We share a commitment to resource stewardship with the global preservation community. · Excellence: We strive continually to learn and improve so that we may achieve the highest ideals of public service. · Integrity: We deal honestly and fairly with the public and one another. · Tradition: We are proud of it; we learn from it; we are not bound by it. · Respect: We embrace each other’s differences so that we may enrich the well-being of everyone. The National Park Service is a bureau within the Department of the Interior. While numerous national park system units were created prior to 1916, it was not until August 25, 1916, that President Woodrow Wilson signed the National Park Service Organic Act formally establishing the National Park Service. The national park system continues to grow and comprises more than 400 park units covering more than 84 million acres in every state, the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. These units include, but are not limited to, national parks, monuments, battlefields, military parks, historical parks, historic sites, lakeshores, seashores, recreation areas, scenic rivers and trails, and the White House. The variety and diversity of park units throughout the nation require a strong commitment to resource stewardship and management to ensure both the protection and enjoyment of these resources for future generations. The arrowhead was authorized as the official National Park Service emblem by the Secretary of the Interior on July 20, 1951. The sequoia tree and bison represent vegetation and wildlife, the mountains and water represent scenic and recreational values, and the arrowhead represents historical and archeological values. 1 Foundation Document Introduction Every unit of the national park system will have a foundational document to provide basic guidance for planning and management decisions—a foundation for planning and management. The core components of a foundation document include a brief description of the park as well as the park’s purpose, significance, fundamental resources and values, other important resources and values, and interpretive themes. The foundation document also includes special mandates and administrative commitments, an assessment of planning and data needs that identifies planning issues, planning products to be developed, and the associated studies and data required for park planning. Along with the core components, the assessment provides a focus for park planning activities and establishes a baseline from which planning documents are developed. A primary benefit of developing a foundation document is the opportunity to integrate and coordinate all kinds and levels of planning from a single, shared understanding of what is most important about the park. The process of developing a foundation document begins with gathering and integrating information about the park. Next, this information is refined and focused to determine what the most important attributes of the park are. The process of preparing a foundation document aids park managers, staff, and the public in identifying and clearly stating in one document the essential information that is necessary for park management to consider when determining future planning efforts, outlining key planning issues, and protecting resources and values that are integral to park purpose and identity. While not included in this document, a park atlas is also part of a foundation project. The atlas is a series of maps compiled from available geographic information system (GIS) data on natural and cultural resources, visitor use patterns, facilities, and other topics. It serves as a GIS- based support tool for planning and park operations. The atlas is published as a (hard copy) paper product and as geospatial data for use in a web mapping environment. The park atlas for Federal Hall National Memorial can be accessed online at: http://insideparkatlas.nps.gov/. 2 Federal Hall National Memorial Part 1: Core Components The core components of a foundation document include a brief description of the park, park purpose, significance statements, fundamental resources and values, other important resources and values, and interpretive themes. These components are core because they typically do not change over time. Core components are expected to be used in future planning and management efforts. Brief Description of the Park Federal Hall National Memorial is in lower Manhattan in the heart of the financial district at the intersection of Wall, Nassau, and Broad Streets. The existing Federal Hall National Memorial building is the third structure known to have occupied the site. (Please note that the park unit and the building share the same name—Federal Hall National Memorial.) The first building, completed in 1703, was New York City’s City Hall and eventually housed some of the government functions of our young nation including the Common Council, Provincial Assembly, and the courts. It was here, in 1735, that John Peter Zenger was jailed, tried, and acquitted of libel for exposing government corruption in his newspaper—an early victory for freedom of the press. In 1765, the Stamp Act Congress met in City Hall and the building became the permanent home for the Articles of Confederation from 1785 to 1788. When the Constitution was ratified in 1788, New York remained the national capital. Pierre L’Enfant was commissioned to remodel City Hall for the new federal government and the building was renamed Federal Hall. It became the first capitol of the United States under the Constitution, and, on April 30, 1789, George Washington was inaugurated on the building’s second-story balcony. The first U.S. Congress officiated in Federal Hall and in 1789 adopted the Bill of Rights. When Congress and the capital moved to Philadelphia in 1790, the building again housed city government offices until 1812, when Federal Hall was demolished. Shortly after the first Federal Hall was demolished, a small brick building was constructed and became the U.S. Customs House. As lower Manhattan quickly became the financial center of the nation, the need for a larger customs house grew. In the late 1830s, the brick building was demolished and construction of the existing building began; the new U.S. Customs House was completed in 1842. In 1862, the primary use of the building would change again when it became the U.S. government’s main sub-treasury. Millions of dollars of gold and silver were kept in the basement vaults, until the Federal Reserve Bank replaced the sub-treasury system in 1920. In 1939, the Secretary of the Interior designated the building as a national historic site, and in 1955 it was redesignated as Federal Hall National Memorial. The exterior of Federal Hall National Memorial was modeled after the Parthenon. The principal facade fronts Wall Street, and the rear fronts Pine Street. The structure is 177 feet long and 89 feet wide and occupies an area of just less than 0.5 acres. It is constructed completely of stone with a white marble exterior. Today, the building houses the administrative offices of Manhattan Sites, NPS Northeast Field Offices, cooperators’ offices and classrooms, and exhibits pertaining to the history of the site. Federal Hall National Memorial occupies a prominent position on Wall Street and offers a popular platform for speakers and programs addressing large crowds of tourists and financial district workers. 3 Foundation Document Park Purpose The purpose statement identifies
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