WZB Report 2013
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www.wzb.eu WZB WZB Report 2013 Essays on: WZB Berlin Democracy, law, international Report 2013 relations, human Social Science Center behavior, innovation, social inequality and education The WZB Berlin Social Science Center (Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung, WZB) is housed in the historic building of the Reich’s Insurance Council (Reichsversicherungsamt), which was the highest supervisory and legal authority of social insurance in the German Empire. At the end of World War II, the building was severely damaged. The British architects James Stirling, Michael Wilford & Associates renovated the main building in the 1980s and added a complex of colorful annexes inspired by classical forms from architectural history: amphitheater, campanile, stoa, and basilica. When the building was completed in 1988, it was located close to the Berlin Wall. Today, it is part of the vibrant Potsdamer Platz city center. [Photo: David Ausserhofer] Management Youth and Trainee Representative The WZB is headed by an Academic Director (President) and a Managing Director. Niklas Weber Prof. Jutta Allmendinger Ph.D. President (since April 2007) Equal Opportunities Commissioner Heinrich Baßler Managing Director (since April 2005) Anke Geßner Research Council Representative of Disabled The Research Council is a body consisting of elected represen- tatives of WZB researchers, the heads of research units, and Employees the Academic Director (President) who heads the Council. The Managing Director is a non-voting advisory member. Ralf Künster (confidential person) Jutta Höhne, Reinhard Pollak (alternates) Chair Prof. Jutta Allmendinger Ph.D. Heinrich Baßler (advisory member) Prof. David Brady Ph.D. (since August 2012) Ombudsperson Dr. Weert Canzler David N. Danz (since April 2012) Dr. Matthias Ecker-Ehrhardt Jan Paul Heisig Dr. Maria Oppen Marcel Helbig Prof. Steffen Huck (since April 2012) Frank Hüber (until March 2012) Prof. Michael Hutter Prof. John Keane Ph.D. Data Protection Commissioner Dr. Sascha Kneip (speaker) Prof. Kai A. Konrad Prof. Ruud Koopmans Dr. Martin Krzywdzinski Dr. Roland Habich Prof. Dorothea Kübler Prof. Mattias Kumm Prof. Wolfgang Merkel Paula Protsch Prof. Rolf Rosenbrock (until May 2012) Contact Person for the Prevention Dr. Julia Schmid Dr. Ulrich Schreiterer of Corruption Dr. Dagmar Simon Prof. Heike Solga Prof. Michael Zürn Prof. em. Gunnar Folke Schuppert Works Council Committee on Further Education Head and Training Axel Tröster-Grönig Udo Borchert Florian Fliegner Prof. em. Hedwig Rudolph Jutta Höhne Dr. Paul Stoop (executive member) Dagmar Kollande Friederike Theilen-Kosch Ralf Schaefer Sabine Schmidt Friederike Theilen-Kosch Sigurt Vitols Ph.D. WZB Report 2013 83 WZB Report 2013 Contents Cover photo: 5 Editorial 36 A Matter of Confidence Getty Images / Grant Faint Jutta Allmendinger and Heinrich Baßler Schools Have Difficulty Reaching Parents of Turkish Origin 6 The WZB in 2012 Anna Ute Dunkel Democracy Education and Training 10 Toward the Two-Thirds Democracy 39 “We Are Making a Film out of Stills.” Ways Out of the Participation Crisis NEPS Long-term Poll Records Education Alexander Petring and Wolfgang Merkel of Tens of Thousands Interview with Reinhard Pollak 13 It’s the Banks, Stupid! The Euro Crisis As a Crisis of 43 Long-term Investments Democracy In-house Vocational Training Works – Mattias Kumm with Binding Regulations Philip Wotschack 16 In the Absence of Choice What the Euro Crisis Means for 46 Specialization Has Its Price Southern European Democracies Vocational Training and Labor-Market Sonia Alonso Opportunities Christian Ebner International Relations Economics and Choice 20 The Disappearing Power of Majorities Why Conflicts over Legitimation Will 49 The Carbon Economy Increase in Democracies The Impact of the Financial Industry Michael Zürn on European Emissions Trading Sebastian Botzem 24 Discussing Europe Online Debates on the Union Are 53 Deals with Friends and Strangers Plural and Mostly Civilized Trust in a Cairo Slum Pieter de Wilde Dietmar Fehr 27 The Autonomy of States Is Being Undermined Innovation and Knowledge International Tax Competition Is Undemocratic and Unjust 56 From Having to Grasping Interview with Peter Dietsch and En route toward the Online Society Thomas Rixen Michael Hutter 60 Digitalizing Urban Lighting Social Inequality and Integration Technological Change Raises Political Issues by Transforming City Spaces 31 The Politics of Security Nona Schulte-Römer How Germany and the United States Protect Their Citizens from Slipping 63 Breaking the Mould into Poverty Learning with Artists at Work Ulrich Kohler and Martin Ehlert Ariane Berthoin Antal 34 When Religiosity Matters Integration of Second Generation 68 Publications Immigrants Is Determined by Their Parents’ Beliefs 82 Bodies, Boards, Committees Fenella Fleischmann WZB Report 2013 3 Imprint About the WZB WZB Report 2013 The WZB Berlin Social Science Center conducts basic research ISSN 2195-5182 with a focus on problems of modern societies in a globalized Publisher world. The research is theory- based, problem-oriented, often The President of the WZB Berlin Social Science long-term and mostly based on international comparisons. Center (WZB) Professor Jutta Allmendinger Ph.D. Key research topics include: Reichpietschufer 50 – democracy and civil society 10785 Berlin – migration and integration and intercultural conflicts Germany – markets, competition, and behavior Phone: +49 - 30 - 25 491 0 – education, training, and the labor market Fax: +49 - 30 - 25 491 684 – inequality and social policy – gender and family www.wzb.eu – international relations Editorial staff – transnationalization and the rule of law Dr. Paul Stoop (editor-in-chief) – innovation and science policy Gabriele Kammerer Claudia Roth Kerstin Schneider 160 German and international researchers work at the WZB, including sociologists, political scientists, economists, legal Documentation scholars, and historians. Martina Sander-Blanck Translations Research results are published for the scientific community Carsten Bösel as well as for experts in politics, business, the media, and civic Aleksandra Kulesza organizations. Nancy du Plessis Teresa Go As a non-university research institute, the WZB is member of Photo the Leibniz-Association. The WZB closely cooperates with Page 5: David Ausserhofer Berlin universities. Its directors also hold chairs at universi- Layout ties in Berlin and beyond. Kognito Gestaltung, Berlin The WZB was founded in 1969 by members of the German Printing Bonifatius GmbH, Druck · Buch · Verlag, parliament from all parties. The WZB is funded by the Federal Paderborn government and the state of Berlin. 4 WZB Report 2013 Reaching out When the WZB was formally founded in 1969 by members of the German Bundestag and established itself as an institute for basic research in the 1970s, one of the core objectives was to strengthen the international dimension of Germany’s research in the social sciences. From the beginning, the WZB has had directors from abroad. PhD. candidates and post-docs from most continents have been part of research teams, and scores of international guests joined the WZB community for a few weeks, a semester, or a sabbatical. Needless to point out that most WZB research is conducted from an internationally comparative perspective and often involves intense coopera- tion with partners around the globe. While a substantial share of its scholarly work is published in English, the WZB also addresses broader audiences in Ger- man through its quarterly journal WZB-Mitteilungen (WZB Reports), thematic briefs on education, labor issues, and as- pects of civic engagement, and through essays and op-eds in the general media. The findings of WZB research can be rele- vant for experts in politics, business, in NGO’s and civic orga- nizations, but also to individual teachers, activists, and citi- zens interested in issues discussed in the political arena. In times of growing transnational communication beyond the scientific community, the WZB will present an outline of institutional developments during the past year, a list of publications, and a selection of concise articles based on cur- rent research in English in its annual WZB Report. We offer it to our international readership like a business card: It’s only a token of what the WZB is, but it might lead to more. Jutta Allmendinger and Heinrich Baßler WZB Report 2013 5 WZB Research Education, Work, Life Chances Dynamics of Political Systems Research Unit Skill Formation and Labor Market Research Unit Democracy and Democratization Director: Professor Heike Solga Director: Professor Wolfgang Merkel Research Unit Inequality and Social Policy Research Professorship Theory, History and Future of Director: Professor David Brady Democracy Professor John Keane Project Group Demography and Inequality Research Professorship Structural Problems of Liberal Head: Professor Anette Eva Fasang Political Systems Professor Kurt Biedenkopf Project Group National Educational Panel Study: Vocational Training and Lifelong Learning Project Group Civic Engagement Head: Dr. Reinhard Pollak Head: Dr. sc. Eckhard Priller Junior Research Group Work and Care Head: Lena Hipp Ph.D. Migration and Diversity Research Unit Migration, Integration, Market and Choice Transnationalization Director: Professor Ruud Koopmans Research Unit Market Behavior Director: Professor Dorothea Kübler Emmy-Noether-Junior Research Group Immigration Policies in Comparison Research Unit Economics of Change Head: Dr. Marc Helbling Director: