La Ville De Rebus: Polarités Urbaines Dans Les

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La Ville De Rebus: Polarités Urbaines Dans Les La ville de Rebus : polarités urbaines dans les romans d’Ian Rankin (1987-2007) Florence Dujarric To cite this version: Florence Dujarric. La ville de Rebus : polarités urbaines dans les romans d’Ian Rankin (1987-2007). Littératures. Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2013. Français. NNT : 2013PA030150. tel-01015364 HAL Id: tel-01015364 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01015364 Submitted on 26 Jun 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITE SORBONNE NOUVELLE – PARIS 3 Ecole doctorale des Etudes Anglophones, Germanophones et Européennes (ED 514) Equipe de Recherche PRISMES : Langues, Textes, Arts et Cultures du Monde anglophone (EA 4398) T H E S E pour obtenir le grade de Docteur de l’Université Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris 3 Discipline : Anglais présentée et soutenue publiquement par FLORENCE DUJARRIC le 7 décembre 2013 LA VILLE DE REBUS : POLARITES URBAINES DANS LES ROMANS D’IAN RANKIN (1987-2007) sous la direction de Monsieur le Professeur Carle Bonafous-Murat Jury : Monsieur le Professeur Carle Bonafous-Murat, Université Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris 3. Madame le Professeur Marie-Odile Pittin-Hédon, Aix-Marseille Université. Monsieur le Professeur Bernard Sellin, Université de Nantes. Monsieur le Professeur Benoît Tadié, Université Européenne de Bretagne – Rennes 2. Ce mystère qui soude un lieu à l'énigme des hommes se passe parfois de traces. Et la tension poétique d'une prose est ce mouvement, par quoi on extorque au réel ce sentiment de présence. François Bon, Daewoo. 1 1 François BON. Daewoo. Paris : Fayard, 2004, p.102. 2 A mon grand-père, Jacques Emery, in memoriam. 3 RESUME LA VILLE DE REBUS : POLARITES URBAINES DANS LES ROMANS D’IAN RANKIN (1987-2007) La présente étude analyse les représentations de la ville dans la série policière d’Ian Rankin dont l’inspecteur John Rebus est le protagoniste. La polarité étant l’un des principes organisateurs de l’écriture rankinienne, notre analyse s’articule autour de plusieurs couples de notions antinomiques. Nous remettons d’abord en cause la légitimité de l’antinomie qui oppose la littérature à la « littérature de masse », dans laquelle est souvent classé le roman policier. Cela nous conduit à redéfinir le roman policier, et mettre en perspective la série dans le contexte du monde littéraire et artistique écossais contemporain. Puis nous étudions l’articulation entre topographie réelle et lieu imaginaire dans l’Edimbourg de Rankin. Toute une géographie urbaine se dessine dans les romans ; l’arpentage incessant de l’espace par le protagoniste fournit l’occasion de références très spécifiques à la topographie et à la toponymie, et la sérialité tisse peu à peu un dense réseau de points nodaux ainsi qu’une multiplicité de trajets potentiels que nous avons représentés par des cartes fournies en annexe. Mais dans d’autres cas, l’espace se fait générique, se réfère plus à des conventions cinématographiques qu’à la carte de la ville. Nous envisageons enfin la ville d’Edimbourg comme un personnage ambivalent dans la lignée des personnages du roman gothique. La filiation gothique est perceptible dans l’esthétique de la ville, et la surface de la carte est compartimentée suivant un ensemble d’axes polarisants. Toutefois, cette carte se déploie elle-même par-dessus un double souterrain et non cartographiable d’Edimbourg, à la fois mémoire et inconscient de la ville. Mots-clés : Littérature écossaise contemporaine – roman policier – Ian Rankin – études urbaines – géographie littéraire – Tartan Noir 4 ABSTRACT REBUS’S CITY : URBAN POLARITIES IN THE NOVELS OF IAN RANKIN (1987-2007) The aim of the present study is to analyse the representations of the city to be found in Ian Rankin’s crime fiction series of which Inspector Rebus is the protagonist. Polarization being one of the structuring principles of the author’s writing, our work focuses on several pairs of antagonist notions in turn. The first one is the opposition between “high” and “low” (or “popular”) literature, the latter category being often associated with crime fiction. New categorizations of contemporary Scottish crime fiction are thus put to the test so as to assess its role and place within the landscape of Scottish literary and artistic life. Next the way Rankin’s novels map Edinburgh as a topography both real and imaginary is explored. As John Rebus endlessly paces the streets of the city, a literary geography gradually emerges and takes shape from one novel to the next, thus determining a network of focal points and potential trajectories which are depicted in the maps to be found in the annexes. This does not preclude the use of a more urban-generic type of space, which seems to have been modelled on representations of the city deriving from movies. In time, Rebus’ Edinburgh can be seen as a character in its own right, one fraught with ambiguities stemming from the Gothic novel tradition. This Gothic filiation is visible in the aesthetic of the city, while the polarity between surface representations and subterranean depths, full of twists and turns, calls into question the very possibility of mapping the city as it gradually discloses its past and unconscious memories. Keywords : Scottish contemporary literature – crime fiction – Ian Rankin – urban studies – literary geography – Tartan Noir 5 REMERCIEMENTS Je tiens à exprimer mes plus sincères remerciements à Monsieur Carle Bonafous-Murat, pour la confiance qu’il m’a témoignée depuis mon Master II, pour son encadrement respectueux et ses suggestions avisées. Ses relectures précises n’ont jamais toléré la facilité ni l’approximation, et m’ont permis de développer une réflexion que je ne me connaissais pas. Ma reconnaissance va également à Catherine Bétrémieux et à Mark Fitzpatrick, mes premiers lecteurs, pour leur soutien précieux et les conversations enrichissantes que nous avons eues. Je remercie aussi Thomas Newman, pour sa relecture de mes textes en anglais, et Claudine Panagopoulos pour avoir mis de l’ordre dans ma bibliographie. Ma gratitude va enfin à ma famille, mon compagnon Frédéric et mes amis, qui m’ont soutenue et ont cru en moi pendant toutes mes années de thèse, et en particulier à ma mère pour son aide avec les démarches administratives. 6 TABLE DES MATIERES INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 12 I IAN RANKIN, LE POLAR ET LA LITTERATURE ........................................................... 23 1) Le roman policier : une paralittérature? ............................................................. 24 1. Roman policier, roman noir, polar : définitions et origines ........................................ 24 Le roman policier ........................................................................................................... 24 Le roman noir ................................................................................................................. 25 Le polar ............................................................................................................................ 30 2. Culture populaire et culture élitiste : le préjugé qui divise la littérature ...................... 31 3. L’intérieur et l’extérieur : la double malédiction de l’écrivain de polar écossais ........ 37 2) Le réseau écossais d’interactions littéraires et artistiques ................................. 42 1. Festivals littéraires et ouvrages collectifs ......................................................................... 42 2. Expériences transgénériques ............................................................................................. 47 3. Clins d’œil et intertextualité ............................................................................................... 53 Erudition et classiques du patrimoine littéraire mondial .......................................... 53 Rankin et Hogg, Stevenson, McIlvanney et Gray : réécritures de la tradition écossaise ................................................................................................................................... 57 Rankin, Banks et Welsh : entrecroisement des genres et communauté de thèmes 63 Rankin et McCall Smith : le roman moral .................................................................. 69 4. Une reconnaissance universitaire tardive ........................................................................ 73 3) Le projet ambitieux du roi du « Tartan Noir » ................................................... 83 1. Promouvoir l’identité écossaise ........................................................................................ 83 2. Faire découvrir la littérature aux non-lecteurs ................................................................ 88 3. Susciter une réflexion sur les problèmes sociaux contemporains ............................... 95 7 II IMAGINAIRE DE LA CARTE ET DETECTION EN TERRE INCONNUE........................ 106 1) Toponymie et quadrillage obsessionnel de l’espace ........................................ 107 1. Une géographie
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