Manousis et al. J of Biol Res- (2018) 25:6 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40709-018-0077-3 Journal of Biological Research-Thessaloniki

RESEARCH Open Access New marine gastropod records for the Hellenic waters Thanasis Manousis1†, Constantinos Kontadakis2†, Georgios Polyzoulis3†, George Mbazios4† and Sofa Galinou‑Mitsoudi5*†

Abstract Background: The Hellenic Seas are infuenced by on-going environmental changes and the introduction of alien , which are expected to have an impact on their biodiversity. This study contributes to the knowledge of the Hellenic marine gastropod biodiversity, expanding data over the entire Greek , during the period from Octo‑ ber 2008 to March 2017. Results: This work presents 45 species of gastropods not previously reported from or reported only once, belonging to 19 families. From those species, one ( sp.) is, most probably, an undescribed species, 17 are new for the Eastern Mediterranean Sea and 40 are new for the Hellenic fauna. Main taxonomic characteristics and ecological information such as habitat, distribution and origin, are given and discussed. Conclusions: By this report, the Hellenic gastropod biodiversity is enriched by 40 new records, out of which, 17 are new for the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, 4 are Lessepsian migrants previously reported for the Mediterranean Sea and 1 is probably a new species. Keywords: Biodiversity, Gastropods, Mediterranean Sea, Greece

Background distribution pathways have been extensively discussed [2, Te Mediterranean Sea is rich in biodiversity. Almost 4–12]. two decades ago, about 8500 species have been estimated Te Hellenic Seas, as a part of the Eastern Mediter- to occur [1]; this number doubled recently to more than ranean Sea, have been infuenced by the on-going envi- 17,000 species [2]. Tis impressive increase is attributed ronmental changes, and Aegean Sea, in particular, after to (a) the rising number of relevant studies in new areas a long and slow cooling period from the late sixties to and at diferent depths and biotopes, (b) the introduc- the early nineties, started to warm rapidly [13]. As a tion of alien species, which reached almost 1000 species result, dense waters from the Adriatic Sea shifted to by 2012 [2], and (c) the increasing rate of modifcation of the Aegean Sea, a phenomenon known as the “Eastern the Mediterranean Sea ecosystems [3]. Te environmen- Mediterranean Transient” [14, 15]. Tese environmental tal changes that have infuenced the biodiversity during changes combined with the efects of navigation and sea the last three decades, the reasons for the occurrence of currents, were expected to have an impact on the biodi- aliens, the frequency of the records, the vectors and the versity. Indeed, recent publications revealed new species for the Hellenic Seas [16–22]. Te aim of this study was to further contribute to the knowledge of the Gastropod *Correspondence: [email protected] fauna of the Hellenic Seas. †Thanasis Manousis, Constantinos Kontadakis, Georgios Polyzoulis, George Mbazios and Sofa Galinou-Mitsoudi contributed equally to this Results work 5 Department of Civil Engineering, School of Technological Applications, The records Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki (A.T.E.I.Th.), Among the 226 specimens collected, 45 species were PO Box 141, 574 00 Thessaloniki, Greece Full list of author information is available at the end of the article identifed belonging to 19 families and are listed with

© The Author(s) 2018. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/ publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Manousis et al. J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki (2018) 25:6 Page 2 of 33

data on their habitat, mode of life and origin in Table 1. Addisoniidae Dall, 1882 Among them, 4 are recognized as already known for the Addisonia excentrica (Tiberi, 1855) (Fig. 3b). One shell Mediterranean Sea Lessepsian migrants, 17 as new for (12.40 mm long, 10.35 mm wide, 5.60 mm high), 50 m, the Eastern Mediterranean Sea fauna, and 40 as new for mixed bottom, station 30. Uncommon, West Mediterra- the Hellenic fauna (collection stations are indicated in the nean [35, 39, 40]. map of Fig. 1 while the species are presented in Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21). Clark W., 1851 Akritogyra conspicua (Monterosato, 1880) (Fig. 3c). The documented records for the Hellenic Seas 23 shells (1.10–1.90 mm high, 1.40–2.40 mm wide), All 1st and 2nd documented records from the Hellenic − 400 m, coralligenous bottom, station 1. Uncommon, Seas are presented bellow per family; a brief description West Mediterranean [27, 41] and East Mediterranean is given whenever additional information is supportive to [42] up to the Sea of Marmara, in depths > 1000 m [43]. their identifcation. romettensis (Granata-Grillo, 1877) (Fig. 4a, b). Tree shells (1.60–1.80 mm high, 1.60–1.80 mm Fleming, 1822 wide), − 400 m, coralligenous bottom, station 1. Rather funiculata (Reeve, 1850) (Fig. 2a). Tree live common, West Mediterranean [27, 35, 41]. individuals (20.00–29.00 mm long, 13.45–20.00 mm Lissomphalia bithynoides (Monterosato, 1880) (Fig. 4c). wide, 8.65–13.00 mm high) from mixed bottoms, − 1 to One shell (0.90 mm high, 1.00 mm wide), mixed bottom, − 2 m, station 14. A Lessepsian migrant reported from − 80 m, station 27. Common, Mediterranean, of infralit- the coast of Israel and established there [23]. It is uncom- toral to bathyal distribution [27, 36, 41, 44]. mon in the Egyptian Red Sea [24] while the species is dis- tributed in the Arabian Gulf [25]. Chilodontidae Wenz, 1938 Fissurisepta granulosa Jefreys, 1883 (Fig. 2b). One shell costellata (O.G. Costa, 1861) (Fig. 5a–c). One (2.30 mm long, 1.00 mm wide, 1.20 mm high), − 400 m, live specimen and 13 shells (2.65–10.00 mm high, 2.55– coralligenous bottom, station 1. Circalittoral of deep 6.55 mm wide), biogenic material and maerl, 80–120 m, waters of West and Central Mediterranean; rare [26–29]. stations 23, 24 and 25. Protoconch paucispiral of one smooth followed by half a rather smooth whorl Gray, 1850 with axial ribs. Next whorls are decorated with distinct fulva (O. F. Müller, 1776) (Fig. 2c). Six shells (1.70– wavy spiral cords. Te bears 14–15 axial 6.30 mm long, 1.40–5.60 mm wide, 1.00–4.00 mm high), prosocline ­(15o–20o) ribs crossed by spiral cords and − 400 m, coralligenous bottom, station 1. Fresh shells of forming shallow cavities. Columellar tooth variable from I. fulva bear a yellow to light orange periostracum [28]. small to big in size and from pointed to square in form. Te species is distributed in the continental shelf from 14–15 main teeth on the outer and several secondary. NE Atlantic to the [27, 28, 30, 31]. It is rare in the Unicolor of moccasin color in general. Very similar to D. Mediterranean Sea [27] mainly found in central Tyrrhe- tinei (Calcara, 1839) (Fig. 5d) but the latter bears 17–18 nian and Adriatic Seas [29] and occasional in SW Albania axial prosocline cords (30­ o–35o) while the cavities of the [32]. decussated areas are deeper. Its outer lip bears less main exiguum (W. Tompson, 1844) (Fig. 2d). teeth (10–12) and the shell is whitish with about 8 brown Seven shells (1.40–2.80 mm long, 1.20–2.30 mm wide, zigzag zones of fames (not as spots) [35]. Danilia costel- 0.90–1.60 mm high), − 400 m, coralligenous bottom, sta- lata was referred from the Mediterranean Sea by Palazzi tion 1. European coastal zone to deeper than 2500 m [28, and Villari [45], Crocetta and Spanu [46] and Cossignani 33–37]. et al. [47] as certain, by Vilvens and Heros [48] as doubt- ful and Herbert [49] characterized that of Crocetta and McLean, 1989 Spanu [46] as tentative. In contrast, D. tinei was referred tenuisculpta (Seguenza, 1880) (Fig. 3a). Two from the Mediterranean Sea by many more researchers shells (0.90 and 2.40 mm high, 1.20 and 3.00 mm wide, including Gofas et al. [35], Ghisotti and Steinmann [50], respectively) − 400 m, coralligenous bottom, station Cachia et al. [51], Navaro and Capdevila [52], Scaper- 15. An uncommon species with wide depth distribution rotta et al. [53] and Öztürk et al. [54]. Based on the avail- range (50 to > 1800 m) in N and W Europe and in the able bibliography, the two Mediterranean Danilia species Mediterranean Sea [38]; numerous shells were found in have overlapping taxonomical characteristics including the [31]. the shell outline, the ratio height/width, the shape and size of the collumellar tooth and the depth distribu- tion range. Moreover, as the juvenile shells exhibit no Manousis et al. J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki (2018) 25:6 Page 3 of 33 Sea nean Sea Sea Sea Sea Sea Sea Origin E Mediterranean Lessepsian W & C Mediterra ‑ Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean Sea W Mediterranean Mediterranean Sea W Mediterranean W Mediterranean Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean Sea W Mediterranean E Mediterranean Lessepsian Found Alive Shell Shells Shells Shells Shell Shells Shells Shell Alive & shell Alive Alive Alive & shells Alive tivorous tion on diet tion on diet tion on diet life Mode of life [ 107 ] Herbivorous Herbivorous Detritivorous Probably detri ‑ Probably Herbivorous Herbivorous No documenta ‑ No documenta ‑ No documenta ‑ Herbivorous Herbivorous Herbivorous ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ with Mytilus galloprovincialis tom tom tom tom tom tom tom and maerltom Habitat Rocky bottom bot Coralliferous bot Coralliferous bot Coralliferous bot Coralliferous Mixed bottom bot Coralliferous bot Coralliferous Mixed bottom Coralliferous bot Coralliferous Mixed bottom Mixed bottom Zone/depth (m) Zone/depth 1 400 400 400 400 50 400 400 80 80, 120 40 0, 30, 40 Ionian Sea 27 S Aegean Sea S Aegean 14 16, 22, 23, 24 18 14, 17, 23 The collection stations The N Aegean Sea N Aegean 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 New records R1 R1, EM R1 R1 R1, EM R1 R1 R1, EM R1 R1 R1, EM R2 - ‑ Grillo, Grillo, granulosa exiguum 1844) culpta trica spicua sato,1880) ettensis 1877) bithynoides 1880) 1884 souverbiana (Montrouzier in Souverbie & Montrousier, 1863) Species Diodora funiculata Diodora 1850) (Reeve, Fissurisepta Fissurisepta 1883 Jefreys, Iothia fulva 1776) Müller, F. (O. Propilidium Propilidium (W. Thompson, Anatoma tenuis (Seguenza, 1880) - excen Addisonia (Tiberi, 1855) - con Akritogyra (Montero - Cirsonella rom - (Granata Lissomphalia (Monterosato, Danilia costellata 1861) Costa, (O.G. Gibbula vimontiae Monterosato, Smaragdia Gastropod records, stations, habitat and distribution details (in the study area) habitat stations, Gastropod records, 1 Table Family Fissurellidae Lepetidae Anatomidae Addisoniidae Skeneidae Chilodontidae Manousis et al. J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki (2018) 25:6 Page 4 of 33 Sea Sea nean Sea Sea Sea Sea Origin E Mediterranean Lessepsian Mediterranean Sea C Mediterranean Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean Sea W & C Mediterra ‑ C Mediterranean C Mediterranean E Mediterranean Lessepsian Mediterranean Sea Unknown Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean Sea Found Shells Shells Alive Alive & shell Alive Shell Alive & shell Alive Alive Alive Alive Shells Alive & shells Alive Alive Shell Shells sponges sponges sponges sponges sponges sponges sponges sponges sponges sponges sponges sponges sponges life Mode of life [ 107 ] Herbivorous Feeds on Feeds Feeds on Feeds Feeds on Feeds Feeds on Feeds Feeds on Feeds Feeds on Feeds Feeds on Feeds Feeds on Feeds Feeds on Feeds Feeds on Feeds Feeds on Feeds Feeds on Feeds Feeds on Feeds ‑ ‑ - - - tom phoba aerophoba & Euspongia ofcinalis phoba , aerophoba Sarcotragus fasciculatus tosa phoba tom Habitat Sandy bottom bot Coralliferous Aplysina aero Mixed bottom Aplysina Aplysina aero Aplysina - caespi Cladocora Mixed bottom Mixed bottom Muddy bottom Mixed bottom Aplysina aero Mixed bottom bot Coralliferous Zone/depth (m) Zone/depth 1–3 400 8 8–90 7, 15, 50 3 4, 40 10 10 10 10, 60 6 80 400 Ionian Sea S Aegean Sea S Aegean 19, 20 20, 23 23 25 20, 21 23 21 The collection stations The N Aegean Sea N Aegean 1 5 5 5, 6, 9 6 7, 9 9 9 9, 10 13 1 New records R1 R1 R1, EM R1 R1 R1 R1, EM R1, EM R1, EM R1 R1 R1, EM, M R1 R1 zurro, 2005 zurro, zurroi Robba, 2010) ticulata Robba, 2010) freysi 2007 isfctis 2010 2010 scalaris 1874) Species kochi 1848) (Philippi, metula Cerithiella 1846) (Lovén, annae Cerithiopsis & Buz ‑ Cecalupo Cerithiopsis buz - Cerithiopsis & (Cecalupo Cerithiopsis den - Cerithiopsis & (Cecalupo Cerithiopsis jef - Cerithiopsis 1885 Watson, Cerithiopsis ladae Cerithiopsis Prkic & Buzzurro, Cerithiopsis ocul - Cerithiopsis Prkic & Mariottini, Cerithiopsis petanii Cerithiopsis Prkic & Mariottini, Cerithiopsis pulvis Cerithiopsis 1869) (Issel, Cerithiopsis Cerithiopsis 1891 Locard, sp. Horologica tiara Krachia (Monterosato Cerithiella metula Cerithiella 1846) (Lovén, continued 1 Table Family Newtoniellidae Manousis et al. J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki (2018) 25:6 Page 5 of 33 Sea Sea Sea Sea Sea Origin W Mediterranean Mediterranean Sea W Mediterranean W Mediterranean Cosmopolitan Mediterranean Sea S Mediterranean Mediterranean Sea NE Atlantic Mediterranean Sea W Mediterranean Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean Sea Found Shells Alive Shells Shell Shells Shells Alive & shell Alive Alive & shells Alive Shells Alive Alive Shell Alive & shells Alive Alive & shells Alive ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ sponges sponges sponges zoa zoa sponges zoa dermata dermata dermata dermata dermata dermata life Mode of life [ 107 ] Feeds on Feeds Feeds on Feeds Feeds on Feeds Feeds on antho Feeds Feeds on cnidaria Feeds Feeds on antho Feeds Feeds on Feeds Feeds on antho Feeds Feeds on echino Feeds Feeds on echino Feeds Feeds on echino Feeds Feeds on echino Feeds Feeds on echino Feeds Feeds on echino Feeds ‑ liferous bottom Muddy bottom bottom tom Habitat Maerl Maerl Rocky bottom Rocky bottom Sea surface Rocky bottom Hard substrate Hard - Rocky and coral Coralliferous Coralliferous Mixed bottom Mixed bottom bot Coralliferous Mixed bottom Mixed bottom Zone/depth (m) Zone/depth 70, 90 100 400 200 Beached Beached 5–10 90, 135 200, 400 70, 450 35 40 400 40–120 30–70 Ionian Sea 26 28 29 S Aegean Sea S Aegean 23 23 23 23 23 The collection stations The N Aegean Sea N Aegean 1 11 1, 2 1, 10 4 7, 9 1 3 3, 4, 5, 12, 13 ) New records R1, EM R2 (data for the for R2 (data R1, EM R1, EM R1 R2 R1, EM R1, EM R1, EM, M R1 R1, EM R1 R1 R2 - - amicitiae nostri brychia lemot, 1978) 1840 concinna 1952) callosa 1986 cf. famelicum cf. tzenbergi toma 1878) freysiana Species Romani, 2015 Obesula maris Bouchet, 1985 Strobiligera Strobiligera (Bouchet & Guil ‑ Epitonium tryoni 1913) Boury, (de pallida Thompson, W. crenata 1758) (Linnaeus, Narrimania 1925) (Sykes, Opaliopsis atlantis (Clench & Turner, cf. cf. Acrochalix Bouchet & Warén, Campylorhaphion (Watson, 1883) dau - 1900) (Pallary, stenos (Jefreys, 1858) Nanobalcis nana (Monterosato, jef - (Brusina, 1869) continued 1 Table Family Epitoniidae Manousis et al. J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki (2018) 25:6 Page 6 of 33 ‑ ranean Origin Mediterranean Sea W & C Mediter Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean Sea Found Shells Alive Alive Alive Shells Shells ectoparacite ectoparacite life Mode of life [ 107 ] Benthic predator Carnivorous Carnivorous Cnidarian Cnidarian Feeds on cnidaria Feeds ‑ ‑ strate bottom strate Maerlstrate Habitat Mixed bottom Mixed bottom Biogenic sub Maerl Coralliferous Coralliferous Biogenic sub Zone/depth (m) Zone/depth 6–10 10 30 - 70 100 400 80–120 Ionian Sea S Aegean Sea S Aegean 21 23 16 17 The collection stations The N Aegean Sea N Aegean 8 1 New records R1 R1, EM R1 R2 R1 R1 - 1927) sianus 1946 1875 Species Aspella anseps (Lamarck, 1822) Nucella lapillus Nucella 1758) (Linnaeus, pallaryi (Dautzenberg, Heliacus jefrey (Tiberi, 1867) Spirolaxis clenchi Spirolaxis Jaume & Borro, coronata Monterosato, continued 1 Table Family Sea the Mediterranean for Sea; Mediterranean the Eastern M frst record for EM frst record Greece; for record R2 second Greece; for R1 frst record Columbellidae Architectonicidae Manousis et al. J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki (2018) 25:6 Page 7 of 33

two shells (2.32–3.30 mm high, 2.50–3.35 mm wide) mixed bottom, 0–40 m, stations 14, 17 and 23. Smarag- dia souverbiana is a known Lessepsian reported from Cyprus and Turkey [6] and recently from Lesvos Island, NE Aegean Sea [60, 61]. In Australia, this species con- sumes various seagrass species with a strong preference for Zostera capricorni Ascherson, 1876 and Halophila ovalis (R. Brown) J.D. Hooker, 1858 [62]. Te Lessepsian angiosperm Halophila stipulacea (Forsskål) Ascherson, 1867 was referred from all places where S. souverbiana was recorded, assuming that H. stipulacea might also be the food of S. souverbiana in the Mediterranean Sea.

Cerithiidae Fleming, 1822 (Philippi, 1848) (Fig. 7a–c). 32 shells (5.30–36.50 mm high, 2.00–9.50 mm wide), sandy bot- tom, − 1 to − 3 m, stations 19 and 20. Te species was characterized as one of the 100 “Worst Invasive” [63].

Newtoniellidae Korobkov, 1955 Cerithiella metula (Lovén, 1846) (Fig. 7d). Two shells Fig. 1 Map of collection stations for the species reported in this (2.50 and 3.80 mm high, 0.90 and 1.40 mm wide, respec- study. Stations in North Aegean Sea: 1. Limnos Island; 2. Kaspakas, tively), − 400 m, coralligenous bottom, station 1. It is Limnos Island; 3. Central Siggitikos Gulf; 4. Pyrgadikia, Chalkidiki; mainly distributed in NE Atlantic, being extremely rare 5. Cape, ; 6. Aggelohori; 7. Nea ; 8. Palioura, in the Mediterranean Sea [64] or rare in Central and East Epanomi; 9. Paralia, Epanomi; 10. Central Gulf; 11. Mediterranean [27]. Gofas et al. [31] do not confrm the Toroni, Chalkidiki; 12. Tristinika, Chalkidiki; 13. Chorto, Pagasitikos Gulf. Stations in South Aegean Sea: 14. Eandio, Salamina Island, 15. presence of the species in the Mediterranean Sea. Anavissos, Attiki; 16. Lavrio, Attiki; 17. Legrena, Attiki; 18. Anaf, Island; 19. Damatria, Karpathos Island; 20. Diakoftis, Karpathos Island; 21. Cerithiopsidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 Amoopi, Karpathos Island; 22. Kythnos, Island; 23. Central Saronikos Cerithiopsis annae Cecalupo & Buzzurro, 2005 (Fig. 8a). Gulf; 24. Epidaurus Gulf; 25. Ireo, Korynthiakos Gulf. Stations in the One live specimen (3.40 mm high, 1.35 mm wide), in Ionian Sea: 26. Gythio, Lakonikos Gulf; 27. Kardamili, Messenian Gulf; 28. Castro, Kyllini; 29. Kanali, Preveza; 30. Pantokratoras, Preveza. 31. Aplysina aerophoba (Nardo, 1833) sponge host, − 8 m, South Saronikos Gulf station 6. Te species is compared with C. tubercularis (Montagu, 1803), C. nana Jefreys, 1867 and C. minima (Brusina, 1865) (see Figs. 8b, 9a, b, respectively). It is recorded in shallow waters of the West [47, 65, 66] and diferences [55], a further study of these two congeneric Central Mediterranean Sea [57, 67]. species seems to be necessary. Cerithiopsis buzzurroi (Cecalupo & Robba, 2010) Trochidae Rafnesque, 1815 (Fig. 10a, b). Tree live specimens and nine shells (2.65–4.45 mm high, 0.95–1.45 mm wide), mixed bot- Gibbula cf. vimontiae Monterosato, 1884 (Fig. 6a). One tom, 40 m, station 5; 6 to 8 m, station 20; 50 to live juvenile specimen (0.85 mm high, 0.95 mm wide), − − − − 90 m, mixed bottom, station 23. Sublittoral, Mediter- 40 m, mixed bottom, station 26. It is presented as G. − − ranean [67]. cf. vimontiae due to its more globular outline and the Cerithiopsis denticulata (Cecalupo & Robba, 2010) smaller size than that presented by Scaperotta et al. [59]. (Fig. 11a–d). Five shells (2.35–5.35 mm high, 0.85– Gibbula vimontiae is uncommon in the West Mediterra- 1.35 mm wide), 7 m, in Aplysina aerophoba (Nardo, nean [27], quite common in beached detritus in , − 1833) sponge host, station 2; 15 m, Spongia (Spongia) or Mediterranean [56, 57], North Atlantic [58] and Rho- − ofcinalis Linnaeus, 1759 sponge host, station 5; Zostera des [59]. bed, − 0.2 m, station 6; − 70 m, hard substrate, small Neritidae Rafnesque, 1815 scale fshing nets, station 23. Infralittoral and upper cir- calittoral throughout the Mediterranean Sea [67]. (Montrouzier in Souverbie & Cerithiopsis jefreysi Watson, 1885 (Fig. 11e, f). Montrousier, 1863) (Fig. 6b, c). One live individual and Two live specimens (1.90 and 3.10 mm high, 0.75 and Manousis et al. J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki (2018) 25:6 Page 8 of 33

Fig. 2 a Diodora funiculata, b Fissurisepta granulosa, c Iothia fulva, d Propilidium exiguum. Bar 1 mm, unless otherwise indicated = Manousis et al. J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki (2018) 25:6 Page 9 of 33

Fig. 3 a Anatoma tenuisculpta, b Addisonia excentrica, c Akritogyra conspicua. Bar 1 mm =

1.00 mm wide, respectively), − 3 and − 8 m, in Aplysina Cladocora caespitosa (Linnaeus, 1767) scleractinian, aerophoba (Nardo, 1833) sponge hosts, stations 6 and 25. − 40 m, station 5. Uncommon, West and Central Medi- Uncommon [68], Mediterranean [27, 35, 44]. It is also terranean Sea [29, 35, 69–71]. recorded from NE Turkish Aegean Coasts [54]. Cerithiopsis oculisfctis Prkić & Mariottini, 2010 Cerithiopsis ladae Prkić & Buzzurro, 2007 (Fig. 12a). (Fig. 12b). Two live specimens (3.80 and 4.00 mm high, Five live specimens and two shells (1.60–2.00 mm high, 1.00 and 1.10 mm wide, respectively), − 10 m, among 0.75–0.90 mm wide), in Aplysina aerophoba (Nardo, Cladocora caespitosa (Linnaeus, 1767) scleractinian coral 1833) sponge host, − 4 and − 8 m, stations 3 and 6; branches, station 5. Adriatic Sea [72]. Manousis et al. J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki (2018) 25:6 Page 10 of 33

Fig. 4 a, b Cirsonella romettensis, c Lissomphalia bithynoides. Bar 1 mm, unless otherwise indicated = Manousis et al. J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki (2018) 25:6 Page 11 of 33

Fig. 5 a–c Danilia costellata, d–e . Bar 1 mm, unless otherwise indicated = Manousis et al. J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki (2018) 25:6 Page 12 of 33

Fig. 6 a Gibbula cf. vimontiae, b, c Smaragdia souverbiana. Bar 1 mm, unless otherwise indicated = Manousis et al. J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki (2018) 25:6 Page 13 of 33

bottom, − 10 m, station 5. It is lighter in color (honey- yellow) with the adapical cord light brown instead of uni- color and dark chestnut-brown as referred by Gofas et al. [35], and with a cylindroconical protoconch of 4.5 whorls instead of 3.5–4.0 of C. scalaris [77, 78]. Oliver et al. [79] pointed out that the teleoconch of C. scalaris may vary from cylindrical to cyrtocylindrical, that members of the Cerithiopsis with the same type of protoconch dif- fer in their teleoconch and that cryptic species possibly exist within the C. scalaris complex. Horologica sp. (Fig. 14a). One live specimen (2.55 mm high, 0.90 mm wide), Aplysina aerophoba (Nardo, 1833) sponge host, − 6 m, rocky bottom, station 16. Shell small, h/w ratio 2.8, fusiform, glossy, slightly scalaroid and moderately slender. Protoconch 400 μm high and 220 μm wide, conical, smooth, milky-white with light brown nucleus, translucent, consisting of about 4 slightly convex whorls less infated adapically and exhibiting minute and dense dentition at the . Limit to the teleoconch sigmoidal. Teleoconch composed of 5.5 fat whorls with a broad base. Spiral sculpture of two well- separated cords starting as two from the onset of the tel- eoconch, the adapical one being weaker in the frst three whorls but becoming frst equal and fnally stronger in the last whorl. Two additional wide and strongly tuber- culated spiral cords—peripheral and basal—and a swell- ing before the lower end. Axial sculpture of 14 strong, prosocline and axially aligned ribs on the body whorl, which at their intersections with the spiral cords form ovate, equidistant, conspicuous nodules with quadran- gular interspaces. Te nodules are elongated radially in Fig. 7 a–c Rhinoclavis kochi, d Cerithiella metula. Bar 1 mm, unless = otherwise indicated the frst four whorls and axially in the last one. Suture deep and evident separating clearly the whorls. Color walnut-brown with lighter nodules and the two basal Cerithiopsis petanii Prkić & Mariottini, 2010 (Fig. 13a). cords darker brown. pear-shaped, wide, with One live specimen (6.70 mm high, 1.65 mm wide), white and simple outer lip. Columellar callus conspicu- ous, peristome thin, anal canal short and broad, siphonal − 10 m, mixed bottom, station 5. Known from intertidal zone of the Adriatic Sea in sponges [72]. canal short, open and stubby. Aperture showing by trans- Cerithiopsis pulvis (Issel, 1869) (Fig. 13b). Two shells parency the pattern of the . Anterior part of the ani- both with chipped of protoconches (2.70 and 3.85 mm mal grayish-white. Te shell looks similar to Cerithiopsis minima (Brusina, 1865) in its outlook, the size and the high, 1.00 and 1.30 mm wide, respectively), − 10 m, mixed bottom, stations 20 and 21. A Lessepsian migrant white planktotrophic larval shell (only lacking the min- in the East Mediterranean, expanded from the Israel ute denticles in C. minima), but it bears two spiral cords coasts and East Aegean Sea northern up to the Black Sea as in the genus Sacco, 1895 and Horologica [73, 74]. Laseron, 1956 [80]. It also looks similar to Dizoniopsis Cerithiopsis scalaris Locard, 1891 (Fig. 13c). One aspicienda Bouchet, Gofas & Warén, 2010, but it difers live specimen and nine shells (3.00–5.45 mm high, mainly in the type of protoconch and the color. As mem- 1.00–1.90 mm wide), 10 m, station 5; muddy bot- bers of the genus Dizoniopsis bear a stiliform or globose − larval shell decorated with axial ribs or spiral cords the tom, − 60 m, station 9; − 70 m, rocky bottom, station 23. Uncommon, infralitoral rocky zone, associated with specimen most probably belongs to the genus Horolog- sponges, Mediterranean Sea [27, 35, 75, 76]. ica Laseron, 1956, the members of which bear a smooth Another specimen present as C. cf. scalaris Locard, multispiral conical/cylindrical protoconch and 2 spiral 1891 (Fig. 13d, not in Table 1) was collected, mixed cords per whorl [80, 81]. Oliver et al. [82] under the name Manousis et al. J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki (2018) 25:6 Page 14 of 33

Fig. 8 a Cerithiopsis annae, b Cerithiopsis tubercularis. Bar 1 mm, unless otherwise indicated = Manousis et al. J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki (2018) 25:6 Page 15 of 33

Fig. 9 a Cerithiopsis nana, b Cerithiopsis minima. Bar 1 mm, unless otherwise indicated = Manousis et al. J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki (2018) 25:6 Page 16 of 33

Fig. 10 a, b Cerithiopsis buzzurroi. Bar 1 mm, unless otherwise indicated = Manousis et al. J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki (2018) 25:6 Page 17 of 33

Fig. 11 a–d Cerithiopsis denticulata, e, f Cerithiopsis jefreysi. Bar 1 mm, unless otherwise indicated = Manousis et al. J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki (2018) 25:6 Page 18 of 33

Fig. 12 a Cerithiopsis ladae, b Cerithiopsis oculisfctis. Bar 1 mm, unless otherwise indicated = Manousis et al. J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki (2018) 25:6 Page 19 of 33

Fig. 13 a Cerithiopsis petanii, b Cerithiopsis pulvis, c Cerithiopsis scalaris, d Cerithiopsis cf. scalaris. Bar 1 mm, unless otherwise indicated = Manousis et al. J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki (2018) 25:6 Page 20 of 33

Fig. 14 a Horologica sp., b Krachia tiara. Bar 1 mm, unless otherwise indicated = Manousis et al. J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki (2018) 25:6 Page 21 of 33

Fig. 15 a, b Monophorus amicitiae. Bar 1 mm, unless otherwise indicated. Specimen 15B courtesy of Panagiotis Ovalis =

Dizoniopsis sp. (Figure 77 in [82]) show a quite similar to this publication. Known from the infralittoral zone of the our shell, with missing protoconch, from the Chafarinas Northern Tyrrhenian Sea [83, 84]. Islands, Alboran Sea. Te latter authors refer that their Obesula marisnostri Bouchet, 1985 (Fig. 16a). One live specimen difers from the known Dizoniopsis species mature specimen of dark chestnut-red shell (7.55 mm from the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. high, 1.90 mm wide) and lighter apex, in whitish sponge Krachia tiara (Monterosato 1874) (Fig. 14b). One shell on maerl, − 100 m, station 23. Te easily recognizable (3.50 mm high, 1.30 mm wide), mixed bottom, − 80 m, shell has been well described [21, 35, 85] but the animal station 27. An uncommon Mediterranean species [27, 35, coloration was lacking until now where one live speci- 47, 74] was also recorded in East Mediterranean Sea from men has been collected. Te external parts are uniformly the Turkish coasts [54]. translucent-white with cream-white spots and black eyes. Te species has been referred from Greece [21] and other Triphoridae Gray, 1847 areas of the Mediterranean Sea [35, 77]. Monophorus amicitiae Romani, 2015 (Fig. 15a). One shell Strobiligera brychia (Bouchet & Guillemot, 1978) (4.30 mm high, 1.20 mm wide) from maerl beds, − 70 to (Fig. 16b, c). Two shells (2.20 and 14.00 high, 0.95 and − 90 m, station 23; two additional shells (Fig. 15b) (7.15 3.35 mm wide, respectively), − 400 m, coralligenous bot- and 7.40 mm high, 1.60 and 1.65 mm wide, respectively) tom, station 1. On rocky circalitoral and bathyal bottoms were collected from the same station and habitat and from the East Atlantic to the West Mediterranean Sea were kindly ofered by Panagiotis Ovalis to be included in [27, 28, 35, 77]. Manousis et al. J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki (2018) 25:6 Page 22 of 33

Fig. 16 a Obesula marisnostri, b, c Strobiligera brychia, d Epitonium tryoni. Bar 1 mm, unless otherwise indicated =

Epitoniidae Berry, 1910 (1812) beached in the Mediterranean Sea [27, 35, 36] but rare in Epitonium tryoni (de Boury, 1913) (Fig. 16d). One shell the Maltese waters [44]. (2.30 mm high, 1.10 mm wide), trawled, rocky bottom, Opalia crenata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Fig. 17b). One live − 200 m, station 30. Uncommon, NE Atlantic and West specimen and six shells (10.50–17.00 m high, 4.15– Mediterranean Sea [27, 36, 74, 86]. 6.69 mm wide), beached, 5–10 m of mixed bottom, Janthina pallida W. Tompson, 1840 (Fig. 17a). Several station 29. It is an uncommon amphiatlantic and Medi- shells (12.90–17.00 mm high, 11.95–15.75 mm wide), terranean species of shallow waters [27, 35, 36] associ- beached, station 28. A cosmopolitan species frequently ated with Anemonia sulcata [35]. Manousis et al. J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki (2018) 25:6 Page 23 of 33

Fig. 17 a Janthina pallida, b Opalia crenata, c, d Narrimania concinna, e Opaliopsis atlantis. Bar 1 mm, unless otherwise indicated = Manousis et al. J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki (2018) 25:6 Page 24 of 33

Fig. 18 a, b Acrochalix cf. callosa. Bar 1 mm, unless otherwise indicated = Manousis et al. J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki (2018) 25:6 Page 25 of 33

Fig. 19 a Campylorhaphion cf. famelicum, b spiridioni, c, d Curveulima dautzenbergi. Bar 1 mm, unless otherwise indicated = Manousis et al. J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki (2018) 25:6 Page 26 of 33

Fig. 20 a Haliella stenostoma, b Nanobalcis nana, c Sticteulima jefreysiana, d Aspella anceps, e Nucella lapillus, f Mitrella pallaryi. Bar 1 mm, unless = otherwise indicated

Nystiellidae Clench & Turner, 1952 and − 400 m, coralligenous bottom, station 2. Very rare Narrimania concinna (Sykes, 1925) (Fig. 17c, d). One live in the Mediterranean Sea, less rare in Cuba, Florida and specimen and one shell (4.10 and 4.90 mm high, 1.55 and the Azores [27, 35, 44, 86, 88–90]. 1.80 mm wide, respectively) − 135 m, station 10; − 90 m, hard substrate, station 23. Rare, South and Central Medi- Eulimidae Philippi, 1853 terranean and Atlantic [27, 86, 87]. Acrochalix cf. callosa Bouchet & Warén, 1986 (Fig. 18a, Opaliopsis atlantis (Clench & Turner, 1952) (Fig. 17e). b). Two shells (1.40 and 1.85 mm high, 0.50 and 0.60 mm One live specimen and fve shells (4.00–9.00 mm high, wide, respectively), − 450 m, station 1; − 70 m, station 10. 1.20–3.50 mm wide), − 200 m, rocky bottom, station 1 Te solid, pointed and gently curved shell bears a conical Manousis et al. J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki (2018) 25:6 Page 27 of 33

Fig. 21 a Heliacus jefreysianus, b, c Spirolaxis clenchi, d, e Mathilda coronata. Bar 1 mm, unless otherwise indicated = Manousis et al. J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki (2018) 25:6 Page 28 of 33

protoconch. Te later has a bluntly rounded initial whorl, specimen of the same developmental stage as ours, there- a visible limit with the teleoconch, consists of 2.5 evenly fore, we present the later as C. cf. famelicum. Te speci- convex whorls, is 260 μm high and 185 μm wide. Te tele- men resembles Melanella spiridioni (Dautzenberg & H. oconch bears 6 perfectly smooth and nearly fat whorls of Fisher, 1896) (Fig. 19b) from which it difers in having a gradually increasing diameter and an evenly curved axis. cylindrical protoconch instead of a conical of M. spiridi- Suture very indistinct while the incremental growth scars oni and a more fragile teleoconch, in its aperture which of all 6 whorls are strictly aligned, forming thus a perfect is, at least, twice as high as wide and in the color of the series oriented towards the upper right of the shell. Te animal which is lemon-yellow with red speckles in M. right side of the shell is almost straight. Te shell is fat- spiridioni. It difers from the species in having tened dorso-ventrally with the diameter from the outer a cylindrical protoconch with almost 2½ whorls. Campy- lip to the opposite side of the shell measuring 578 μm lorhaphion famelicum is uncommon in the Central Medi- and that at a right angle to this measuring 522 μm. Te terranean Sea [27] and in the North Atlantic [86]. relation is 0.90. Te last whorl occupies nearly 50% of the Curveulima dautzenbergi (Pallary, 1900) (Fig. 19c, d). shell’s length. Aperture high and pyriform with its long Four live specimens and two shells (1.50–3.50 mm high, axis towards the right, outer lip orthocline joining the 0.60–1.15 mm wide), detritus material, − 40 m, mixed suture at a right angle but slightly bending to the right bottom, station 3. Uncommon, in subtidal rocky bottoms at its high most end and slightly projecting at its lower parasitizing crinoids of the genus Antedon in the Atlantic part and at 2/5 of its height. Inner lip refected both on and the West Mediterranean Sea [35, 91]. the and the parietal wall forming a continuous Haliella stenostoma (Jefreys, 1858) (Fig. 20a). One callus while the columella is straight in its upper part, is shell (4.30 mm high, 1.30 mm wide), − 400 m, coral- curved in its lower part and continuous with the pari- ligenous bottom, station 1. A rare North Atlantic and etal wall. Outer lip sinuous at its vicinity with the suture. Mediterranean species of muddy circalittoral and bathyal Acrochalix callosa is reported as a NE Atlantic species planes [27, 86, 92, 93]. and difers from other Mediterranean minute and curved Nanobalcis nana (Monterosato, 1878) (Fig. 20b). 12 species by having a slender aperture, a straighter colu- live individuals and several shells (2.00–2.45 mm high, mella–parietal wall line and a well-developed, solid and 0.90–1.10 mm wide), mixed bottom, − 40 to − 120 m, continuous inner lip [86]. As the species is very rare and station 13; − 40 to − 70 m, kelps, station 23. Up to 2001, its variability unknown, we refer to our specimens as A. the species was recorded only in the Central Mediterra- cf. callosa. nean [94] but eventually was found by Öztürk et al. [54] Campylorhaphion cf. famelicum (Watson, 1883) in the Turkish coast of the SE Aegean Sea. It is character- (Fig. 19a). One young live specimen (1.50 mm high, ized as uncommon [27, 35] in the Mediterranean Sea and 0.60 mm wide), on Holothuria (Holothuria) tubulosa is a parasite of sea urchins [35, 94]. Gmelin, 1791 host, − 35 m, mixed bottom, station 4. Te Sticteulima jefreysiana (Brusina, 1869) (Fig. 20c). hyaline, white, club-shaped shell has a paucispiral proto- Seven live specimens and 10 shells (2.25–2.70 mm high, conch of 2 whorls (excluding the nucleus) and a diameter 0.70–0.95 mm wide), from mixed bottoms − 70 m, sta- of approximately 200 μm. Te suture of the protoconch tion 6; − 40 m, station 10; − 30 m, station 11; − 30 m, whorls exhibits a weak and dense crenulation. Te tele- station 12; − 60 m, station 13; − 40 to − 50 m, mixed oconch is slightly curved, of 5 shiny whorls that are nearly bottom with kelps, station 23, were all collected from smooth though with very fne axial sculpture approxi- detritus material. Te species is distributed all over the mately 30 μm apart that is more prominent close to the Mediterranean Sea [27, 35, 44] and from the Hellenic incremental scars (Fig. 19a). Te body whorl occupies Seas it was referred from the South Aegean Sea [16]. 48% of the shell’s length and forms a rounded base, while the aperture is nearly twice as high as wide and occupies Muricidae Rafnesque, 1815 34% of the shell’s length. Its Vitreolina type incremental Aspella anceps (Lamarck, 1822) (Fig. 20d). Six shells scars are not strictly aligned, are facing the lateral side of (7.00–11.00 mm high, 3.50–5.00 mm wide), − 6 to the shell over the outer lip with the two last scars (above − 10 m, mixed bottom, station 21. A rare and character- the outer lip) in a slowly retreating series, nearly aligned istic inhabitant of the East Mediterranean [27]. with the outer lip and the two adapical (older ones) in Nucella lapillus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Fig. 20e). Two advancing series, while the oldest one is more conspicu- live specimens (18.65 and 25.70 mm high, 11.60 and ous. Te inner lip is straight by the columella and pro- 15.70 mm wide, respectively), detritus material, − 10 m, jected over its lower part, while the outer lip is arquated mixed bottom, station 8. Uncommon, carnivorous, West and orthocline. Animal of light pink-purple color. We and Central Mediterranean [27, 35, 47]. did not manage to fnd in the literature a description of a Manousis et al. J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki (2018) 25:6 Page 29 of 33

Fig. 22 Percentage of species number (N) per size and depths of collection

Columbellidae Swainson, 1840 Discussion Mitrella pallaryi (Dautzenberg, 1927) (Fig. 20f). Four Out of the 45 presented species, 40 are reported for the live specimens and three shells (15.00–18.00 mm high, frst time for the Hellenic fauna, raising its gastropod bio- 5–6 mm wide), biogenic substrate, − 30 to − 70 m, sta- diversity from 651 [21] to 691 species, and 17 species are tion 23. Uncommon, Mediterranean, coralligenous, new records for the East Mediterranean Sea. Two fami- sandy and muddy circalittoral and bathyal bottoms from lies and 19 genera are also new records for the Hellenic 30 to 250 m [27, 35]. fauna (see Table 1). Interestingly, the vast majority of the presented species is of minute size (nearly 70%) being Architectonicidae Gray, 1850 collected from a variety of substrates and depths (Fig. 22). Heliacus jefreysianus (Tiberi, 1867) (Fig. 21a). One Te occurrence of only shells and among them juvenile live specimen (3.75 mm high, 3.85 mm wide), − 100 m, ones of Rhinoclavis kochi accumulated in shallow water maerl, station 16. H. jefreysianus is an extremely rare stations, could be explained by an initial rapid increase of architectonicid in the Mediterranean Sea and worldwide the population density followed by a decline due to the [95–97]. sea temperature change [5] and subsequent accumulation Spirolaxis clenchi Jaume & Borro, 1946 (Fig. 21b, c). of the shells by the sea currents. Tis may also mean a Two shells (0.50 and 0.75 mm high, 1.50 and 2.30 mm temporal establishment. A future occurrence of live spec- wide, respectively), coralligenous bottom, − 400 m, sta- imens could not be excluded provided the environmental tion 1. Rare species of the deep and bathyal Atlantic and conditions are favorable and the corridors are open. Mediterranean [27, 35, 98]. Te almost simultaneous fndings of Cerithiopsis buz- zurroi, C. ladae, C. scalaris, Narrimania concinna, Mathildidae Dall, 1889 Nanobalcis nana and Sticteulima jefreysiana from difer- Mathilda coronata Monterosato, 1875 (Fig. 21d, e). Two ent areas of Greece indicates that they are more widely shells (4.95 and 6.35 mm high, 2.75 and 2.95 mm wide, distributed in the Hellenic Seas and the Eastern Mediter- respectively), − 80 and − 120 m, biogenic substrate and ranean Sea, and that targeted researches from the same maerl, stations 16 and 31. Rare, circalittoral and bathyal, type of substrates and direct sampling might bring to Mediterranean [27, 35]. light more species. Manousis et al. J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki (2018) 25:6 Page 30 of 33

Field observations and the gross anatomy of their ali- Methods mentary systems indicate that ptenoglossans are parasites Te sampling and handling of the specimens were con- [99]. Among them, cerithiopsids are usually associated ducted according to Manousis and Galinou-Mitsoudi with sponges while eulimids have a strict preference for [21] from October 2008 to March 2017 in certain loca- certain classes of [99]. At the same time tions throughout the Hellenic Seas (Fig. 1). In addition, the identifcation of cerithiopsids, in particular, neces- we have applied: (a) brushing with a soft brush on holo- sitates the presence of intact protoconches and/or the thurians, sea urchins and sponges either in situ or on live observation of the color of the living animal and thus, material brought temporarily to the surface in several the collection of live specimens. In the present study we localities and from various habitats, (b) sampling vertical have met those prerequisites by means of brushing their substrates (e.g. poles, embankments) by means of a metal hosts and by keeping the alive until they were pole scraper connected to a 120 μm mesh nylon net, (c) photographed. keeping until examined and sorting out benthic mate- After an extended survey of the literature on Eritrean rial in cool sea water until photography of live specimens and Indo-Pacifc Triphorids and the lack, up to now, of took place. Cooling of biological material in the sea water intermediate records of M. amicitiae from the East Medi- was achieved by means of a gel freeze ice pack under the terranean Sea [83] almost rules out an Eritrean or Indo- examination vessel. Pacifc origin of the species. Te present new records Te protoconch whorls were counted according to from Greece, although cannot challenge that hypothesis, Verduin [101], the protoconch’s visible height was meas- are indicative of a wider range of distribution. ured parallel to its axis, from the tip to the intersection Te assignment of our specimen Horologica sp. to the of the larval scar and the teleoconch suture, while for the genus Horologica Lasero, 1956 was based primarily upon shell’s slenderness (h/w) the outer lip of the aperture was the combination of its smooth protoconch (characteristic included in the shell’s width. for the genera Cerithiopsis sp., Horologica sp. and Jocula- Te species recognition was based on: (a) systematic tor sp.) and its spiral sculpture of 2 cords (genera Dizo- guides and atlases (e.g. [5, 27, 29, 35]); (b) faunistic and niopsis sp., Mentax sp. and Prolixodens sp.). Cerithiopsis review articles [76, 102], (c) studies on the sp. and sp. were excluded as they bear 3 spiral fauna in the Hellenic seas [18, 21, 103]. Information from cords while Dizoniopsis sp., Mentax sp. and Prolixodens specifc web sites was also taken into account (31 March sp. were excluded on the bases of their ribbed proto- 2017). More specifcally, for the species nomenclature conches [80]. We hope that further and persistent eforts update, besides the Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem will bring to light more specimens to study the variability Functioning EU Network of Excellence (MarBEF) [58] of the species and perhaps describing a new taxon. and the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Te occurrence of Heliacus jefreysianus in the Hel- [104] the Taxonomic on-line Database on European lenic waters, besides the record from South Crete [97] Marine Mollusca (CLEMAM) [34] was used. In addi- considerably enlarges its distribution, which, apart from tion, the Ellenic Network on Aquatic Invasive Species its extreme rarity, is indicative of a rather broad range (ELNAIS) [61] and the Marine Mediterranean Invasive of occurrence. Te large hyperstrophic protoconch of Alien Species database (MAMIAS) [105] were used for about 1 mm, ftting the size range of those species with the alien species status in the Hellenic and Mediterra- a planktotrophic development, supports the hypothesis nean Seas. Records were compared with the checklist of of a potentially wide geographical distribution [100]. To Koukouras [106]. For the molluscan life habits, the Todd our knowledge, the scattered occurrence and extreme databases [107] were taken into account. Te specimens rarity of H. jefreysianus may be attributed to its cryptic are deposited in the premises of the Alexander Techno- life-style which may be intimately linked to a deep water logical Educational Institute of Tessaloniki and those zoanthid host, typical of some ofshore bottoms [96]. of Dr. T. Manousis, C. Kontadakis, G. Polyzoulis and G. Mbazios. Scientists are welcome to have access to the Conclusions biological material at will and by appointment. 45 species, the majority of which is of minute size, Authors’ contributions belonging to 19 families were identifed. Among those TM conceived the idea of the study, collected sea-bottom material by div‑ species, 17 are new for the Eastern Mediterranean Sea ing, searched for mollusks, participated in the identifcation of the species, processed the images and participated in the study’s design and coordination and 40 are new for the Hellenic fauna. Te high number and helped to draft the manuscript. CK collected sea-bottom material by of new fndings is attributed to the sampling methods diving, searched for mollusks, participated in the identifcation of the species, applied, the under- or unsearched marine environments processed the images and participated in the study’s design and coordina‑ tion. GP collected sea-bottom material by diving, searched for mollusks, investigated, as well as the diferent types of substrates participated in the identifcation of the species, processed the images and and depths covered, and the multilateral co-operation. participated in the study’s design and coordination. GM collected sea-bottom Manousis et al. J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki (2018) 25:6 Page 31 of 33

material by diving, searched for mollusks, participated in the identifcation of impacts, priority areas and mitigation measures. Malaga: IUCN Centre of the species, processed the images and participated in the study’s design for Mediterranean Cooperation; 2008. p. 117–57. and coordination. SG-M collected biogenic sea-bottom material, searched for 10. Mollo E, Gavagnin M, Carbone M, Castelluccio F, Pozone F, Roussis V, mollusks, participated in the identifcation of the species, designed fgures and et al. Factors promoting marine invasions: a chemoecological approach. participated in the study’s design and coordination and helped to draft the Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008;105:4582–6. manuscript, supported with the bibliography sources and is the correspond‑ 11. Raitsos DE, Beaugrand G, Georgopoulos D, Zenetos A, Pancucci- ing author. All authors read and approved the fnal manuscript. Papadopoulou AM, Theocharis A, et al. Global climate change amplifes the entry of tropical species into the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Limnol Author details Oceanogr. 2010;55:1478–84. 1 PO Box 48 K, 57500 Epanomi, Greece. 2 Aristotelous 24, Hellinicon, 12. Tzomos T, Kitsos MS, Koutsoubas D, Koukouras A. Evolution of the 16777 Athens, Greece. 3 PO Box 891, 57001 N. Redestos, Greece. 4 Orfanidou entrance rate and of the spatio-temporal distribution of Lessepsian 27, 11142 Athens, Greece. 5 Department of Civil Engineering, School of Tech‑ Mollusca in the Mediterranean Sea. J Biol Res Thessalon. 2012;17:81–96. nological Applications, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thes‑ 13. Skliris N, Sofanos SS, Gkanasos A, Axaopoulos P, Mantziafou A, Vervatis saloniki (A.T.E.I.Th.), PO Box 141, 574 00 Thessaloniki, Greece. V. Long-term sea surface temperature variability in the Aegean Sea. Adv Oceanogr Limnol. 2011;2:125–39. Acknowledgements 14. Sayin E, Eronat C, Uçkaç Ş, Beşiktepe ŞT. 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