THE JOURNAL OF THE FRIENDS OF MUSEUM New Series No. 16 Summer 2019 n Summer 2000, when Bryen Wood Less expected were the articles on asked me to edit a new series of the speedway, Jersey cows and Nelson’s I Journal of the Friends of Bushey sword. I couldn’t have managed Museum, I never thought that I would be without the technical support of Michael writing an introduction to issue Pritchard and latterly Nick Overhead. number 16, the final one with me as The late Bryen Wood, Audrey Adams and editor. I am extremely grateful to the Ian Read have found photographs for me. people over the years who have Thank you to you all. contributed articles on a great variety of subjects; inevitably Herkomer, the Art It’s rewarding to see the finished product School and its students have featured and I hope someone else can be found regularly, but there have been articles on to continue the task. A registered charity in support of Bushey Museum several of the big houses, schools and Janet Murphy Registered Charity 1039713 transport and local people. IN THIS ISSUE

Journal Editor 2 Early Motor Cars in Bushey and their Owners 2 Janet Murphy Ian Read on the men and woman Layout and Design and their magnificent machines. Nick Overhead Sanger’s Circus 8 Janet Murphy tells us about the Bushey Museum 8 comings and going of a circus Rudolph Road dynasty. Bushey, Herts WD23 3HW Lucy Kemp-Welch 10 Tel; 020 8420 4057 E; [email protected]. Dr Geri Parlby on Bushey’s well loved artist. Open; Thurs-Sun 11am-4pm World Champion Road Haul 16 The Journal is published by the 10 Ian Read on the heaviest piece of Friends of Bushey Museum machinery ever transported on the and is mailed to all friends and roads at that time. selected local organizations. Contributions on all aspects of God’s Shrine 18 Bushey’s social and artistic history are Allison Fritsche on Herkomer welcome and should be sent direct to the painter so famous and the editor at the Museum. 16 The Friends support the activities of celebrated through his portraits, gave Bushey Museum and can be contacted us a picture without people. via The Secretary, 119 Road Bushey, Herts WD23 2LU Out to Play 19 Mollie Thomas remembers the sights © Bushey Museum 2019 and sounds of the 30’s

Printed by 18 Index of the Journal 20 Beaver Graphic Service

new template Journal summer 2019.indd 1 27/06/2019 14:39 Early Motor Cars in Bushey and Their Owners Archives & Local Ian Read Studies retains the first two volumes of its register covering the numbers from AR 1 to AR 1930 all in he self-propelled automobile beautiful copperplate handwriting. became increasingly available Regrettably, subsequent volumes from the close of the 19th (and the separate volumes Tcentury with many makers, covering heavy motor cars i.e. buses both British and foreign, vying for and lorries) are missing and do not acceptance of their particular reappear until around 1936. offerings. Although the left-hand ‘rule of the road’ was generally accepted The Motor Car Act also by this time, hardly any other rules introduced the crime of reckless applied and drivers and pedestrians driving; made it an offence not took many years to become fully to display the allocated letters adjusted to the speed and danger and numbers on both ends of the such vehicles presented. The vehicle; required drivers to hold a difficulty in dealing with any driver driving licence from 1 January 1904; who had been adjudged by the local allowed lower speed limits to be constabulary as having been guilty of introduced locally (Bushey village ‘furious driving’ led to the adoption had a 10mph limit for many years); of individual identification letters and required motor cars to have by a local person since cars and and numbers for motorised vehicles. two separate braking systems of motorcycles existed prior to the Horse-drawn vehicles and bicycles adequate ability to slow and halt the implementation of the Act but were were exempted from this process vehicle. not recorded by the authorities, (and still are!). and thus only anecdotal evidence A motor car was an expensive exists of these) was a 10hp (horse The registration of motor ve- acquisition both to buy and to power) Georges Richard light petrol hicles, including motor cycles, was maintain. As such, it was generally car registered to Oscar Gray of made compulsory under the Motor the preserve of the wealthy. The Callenders, Heathbourne Road, Car Act which received Royal Assent Typically, ownership was limited to Bushey Heath. This was finished in on 14 August 1903. This required the local landowner or professional Bordeaux red and black and the proscribed letters and numbers, person such as the local doctor, index number AR 27 is recorded issued by the local authority, to be although there were instances of as issued on 17 December 1903. displayed on the front and rear of motor car enthusiasts either buying This implies that Herts CC did each vehicle. Herts CC issued complete vehicles or not implement its own registration registrations commencing with the experimenting with their own series until some three months after letters AR which were followed constructions made from proprie- enactment of the act. Oscar Gray later by NK, RO and UR. tary components. Learning to handle is recorded in the City of the new technology on the road Electoral Registers for 1905 and Driving licences were also was an art which some took to 1907 as resident at The Callenders introduced under this Act but an easily whilst others struggled. Many but also holding a joint tenement actual driving test was not of the well-off car owners employed at 1 King William Street, City of introduced until 1935! Until then a chauffeur to drive them – this also London. one simply applied for a licence, increased their social status. although the authorities were very John Pierpont Morgan Junior strict on the need to advise the is- The first motor vehicle registered LLD, DCL1 of Aldenham Abbey suing council of any change of name to a Bushey resident (not (also known as Wall Hall) was a and/or address. necessarily the first to be owned prolific motor car owner. In

2 THE JOURNAL OF THE FRIENDS OF BUSHEY MUSEUM

new template Journal summer 2019.indd 2 27/06/2019 14:39 All Pictures are from Bushey Museum Collection unless otherwise stated

An early motor car trundles along High Road, Bushey Heath c1905 Episcopal Church, and provided an approaching the junction with The Rutts, on the right, and endowment for the creation of a George Kirby’s cab hire business which is just out of shot to the left (Hoather). rare books and manuscripts collection at the Morgan Library. Morgan brokered a deal that positioned his company as the sole munitions and supplies purchaser during W W I for the British and French governments. The Wall Hall estate was leased to John Pierpont Morgan Jr. in 1901, and was used for social functions, including many sporting parties. He bought it outright in 1910. Although often absent from the estate, he bought up a large amount of surrounding farmland and is thought to have created an Italian Garden. Upon Morgan’s death Hertfordshire County Council acquired the property, which became the residence of the United States of America’s Ambassador, Joseph Kennedy, for the duration of the Second World War.

Professor CVC, RA (1849-1914) was an early and avid supporter and enthusiast of the motor car despite his often vociferous pleading for Bushey to be left as the tranquil village it was when he first established his Art School there. Perhaps he didn’t appreciate what wholesale adoption to W E Pearkes & Sons, the Wat- of the motor car would do to his ford draper and furniture dealer, for beloved village! trade use); AR 36 – 22hp Daimler 6 seater tonneau; 2 AR 37 – an electric brougham man- ufactured by the City & Suburban Company of London; 3 and AR 38 – 10hp Lanchester tonneau which could be converted to a brougham. John Pierpont “Jack” Morgan Jr. (1867-1943) was an American bank- er, finance executive and philanthro- pist. Morgan Jr. inherited the family fortune and took over the business interests including J.P. Morgan & Co. after his father, J. P. Morgan, died in Wikipedia 1913. A graduate of St. Paul’s School Herkomer’s first car – AR 51 – was John Pierpont Morgan Junior and of Harvard, he trained as a a 10hp French Panhard registered finance executive in the business on 19 December 1903 just a few accordance with the new Act he world, having worked for both his days after Herts CC started to registered no fewer than four cars father and grandfather; which would issue numbers to existing vehicles. on 18 December 1903, all of which serve him well as a banking financi- This car weighed 19½ cwt and was were in his livery of dark green lined er and lending leader and he was a painted dark blue. It appears to have out in black. They were: director of several companies. He been fitted with a rudimentary roof AR 35 – a 6hp Daimler Brake supported the New York Lying-In decorated with a fancy fringe. It was (which was sold in December 1909 Hospital, the Red Cross and the sold to a London man in THE JOURNAL OF THE FRIENDS OF BUSHEY MUSEUM 3

new template Journal summer 2019.indd 3 27/06/2019 14:39 December 1904. Bushey Museum image records indicate that the car had been new in 1895. Although the car is shown in both photographs being driven by Herkomer’s chauffeur it is well-documented that Herkomer was a keen automobilist and, presumably, often took the wheel himself.

Professor Herkomer was ob- viously proud of his new motor acquisition and was determined that friends and acquaintances were made aware that he was now well- off enough to possess such a me- chanical marvel. His 1903 Christmas greetings card shows Old Father Time enjoying a ride on the new machine accompanied by a chauffeur.

AR 51 was followed on 26 britainbycar website January 1904 by AR 272, a 5hp Herkomer in driving goggles with two Eisenach three-seater in black appropriately dressed companions is and green.4 This, in turn, was sold seen here travelling in the 1895 Panhard, the outlines of which were to a William Probert of Highgate, used in the ‘Compliments of the London in April 1905. The Eisenach Season’ card. factory was named after the town of its location in Thuringia, Germany. around 1910 so it is not possible If Herkomer’s Eisenach was one of to determine if Herkomer acquired the original models built between further cars up until his death in 1898 and 1903 it was one of only 1914. He was well-known as a keen approximately 250 built. supporter of early motor racing and trials. This included the Herkomer It is assumed that Herkomer first Trial in Germany which ran from saw the car on a visit to the area 1905 to 1907 and he offered to whilst on holiday in Bavaria. AR 488 donate a trophy and a portrait to was his next acquisition. It was a the winner of a reliability trial run 28hp Daimler with a tonneau body by the Bayerische Motor Club in his painted red. It had a removable top home region of Bavaria. and was registered on 6 May 1904. This was replaced on 16 June 1906 The commemorative Herkomer by AR 1119 which was a 35/45hp Ride is organised on a regular basis Herkomer pictured with Edgar English Daimler with a limousine by the Herkomer-Konkurrenz Ladenburg, the winner of the 1905 body. This was posed outside the organisation based at Landsberg. Herkomer-Konkurrenz prize entrance porch at Lululaund and AR 48, a 6½hp Cadillac with a

presumably when new. It was motoringart.info website painted green and was registered as removable tonneau painted dark weighing two tons. It is green and lined out in red. interesting to note that the index The Somers family came from number shown on the rear of the Wandsworth, Surrey. His father was car appears to be AR 1118 although a ‘trader’, presumably in the City the Herts CC registration book of London. John Percy Somers is lists it as AR 1119. List prices for recorded as owning property which early cars are difficult to ascertain he rented out in Earlsfield so seems A 1908 medal by Herkomer used to have kept his connection with because the chassis and body were as an award by the RAC usually ordered separately from that area. Somers was a barrister practising from chambers at 8 New different suppliers. It is likely that John Percy Somers this car would have cost Herkomer (1874-1942) of Sparrows Herne, Court, Lincolns Inn. His professional around £2,500 (£300,000 2019). Bushey registered two pre-existing activities were sufficient for him to motor cars on 19 December 1903. live in some style on Bushey Heath The two surviving volumes of There are listed as AR 47, a green and to own several motor cars. He Hertfordshire registrations ends 8hp Wilson-Pilcher petrol tonneau gave his name to Somers Way which runs between Catsey Lane and 4 THE JOURNAL OF THE FRIENDS OF BUSHEY MUSEUM

new template Journal summer 2019.indd 4 27/06/2019 14:39 Ashfield Avenue. registered 25 March 1909. AR 47 (at least) was sold in Since very few details of onward January 1909 but not before his transfer of ownership are shown in motor car stable had been increased the surviving Hertfordshire to three with the addition of AR 922 registers, it is not possible to be in September 1905. This was an 8hp precise as to how many cars Sir Cadillac with a tonneau cover and Charles Lush owned at any one side entrance. It was painted green time. It is probable that he kept at as were the two original cars but least one in Paddington and one at with the interesting note that the Bushey Heath. ‘underpart’ was in Primrose. This car was sold in turn in August 1909. Charles Harling Comyns A fourth car was acquired in March (1863-1925) was a manufacturing 1907. This was AR 1284, a green silversmith who moved with his 26/30hp Cadillac petrol, again with family from Friern Barnet to The tonneau cover and side entrance. Warren, Bushey Heath between 1891 and 1901. John Somers retired to Hook Norton, Oxfordshire and died there William Comyns & Sons Ltd had a in December 1942 leaving an estate history of silversmithing dating back valued at £70,931 (£3,500,000 in to the 1850s latterly based at Beak 2019). Street, off Regent Street, London. The company was sold on in 1930 Charles Montague Lush KC but items of Comyns’ silverware are (1853-1930) was the owner of no keenly sought after today. fewer than six motor vehicles Charles Comyns with the Reverend registered during the period under The Rosedale Estate was formed Barker (Vicar of St. Peter’s 1916-1930) at a garden party in the grounds of The review. He lived at Tanglewood, following the Enclosure Act of 1809 Warren. Bushey Heath but also had property and became the Warren about 1870. at 15 Sussex Square, Paddington, It occupied the land on High Road, Richard Thomas Prowse CB, London W. The 1911 Census Bushey Heath behind the Three JP (1835-1921) held the house records that one Charles Gibbons Crowns public house and comprised known as Howton which was was resident there as a chauffeur. a large detached house in situated on High Road, Bushey substantial grounds which included Heath. He is recorded as a visitor Lush was educated at Westmin- the fish pond which survives. to the household of Thomas Stow ster and at Trinity Hall, Cambridge Charles Comyns is recorded as in London Road, Bushey in 1851 where he took a First in Classics. He registering two motor cars within and was in residence with the family was appointed to the High Court, the period covered by Herts CC there in 1871. He is recorded as Kings Bench Division in 1910 and documents. His first was AR 981, a Surveyor General of the Customs retired in 1925 when he was made a 14/20hp Renault touring car painted and, latterly, as Secretary to the Privy Councillor. dark green lined out in black and Board of Customs. By 1891 he was with green wheels. It was registered in residence in his own right His motor car stock comprised: on the 2 February 1906 and the (presumably at Howton) with his AR 160, a 10hp White steam car entry is annotated ‘back of car can household in charge of his sister painted green which was first be taken down like a taxicab’. This Mary. By 1911 he had retired but registered on 5 January 1904 and implies that the rear passenger sold on in December 1905 to an compartment had a folding hood as owner in Woking, Surrey; was the norm for the early Richard AR 532, a 6½hp Cadillac with a motorised London taxicabs. In May Thomas tonneau body painted dark red. This 1909 the Renault was replaced by Prowse CB JP also was sold in December 1905; AR 1755, a 4-cylinder Renault open AR 913, an 8½hp Cadillac painted tonneau with hood, again in green. dark green with cream wheels registered 4 September 1905 and Charles Harling Comyns died sold in May 1909; whilst occupying The Warren in AR 1102, a 16/20hp FIAT with side December 1925 leaving £36,811 entrance tonneau body painted dark (£2,200,000 in 2019) to his widow blue which was registered on 5 June Anne. From 1947 the house 1906; remained empty until acquired for AR 1479, a 30hp 6-cylinder Humber development in 1956/7 from which with landaulette body registered 16 the current Warren estate arose and March 1908; and AR 1699, a 20/30hp which includes the road named The Cadillac landaulette in green Comyns.

THE JOURNAL OF THE FRIENDS OF BUSHEY MUSEUM 5

new template Journal summer 2019.indd 5 27/06/2019 14:39 was still a single man living with his shown in the census as a chauffeur property at Rothwell Grange, near sister and three servants at Howton. it can be surmised that Miss Kettering and at Thorpe Malson Hall, He died in 1921 aged 86. Griffiths drove herself. This was Kettering. A Mrs Cockayne is listed His motor cars were recorded by unusual for a lady of her status and at Sparrows Herne in Kelly’s 6 Herts CC as: may well have been frowned upon Directory of 1890 so he AR 665 – a 12/14hp Beuford (sic) by social acquaintances. presumably kept his car there for with a tonneau body painted green some reason. and first registered 7 November Her cars included: 5 1904; AR 537 – a 12hp Standard tonneau William Gilbert James of The AR 1353 – a 15/20hp Panhard by Brooke & Co in blue registered Woodbines, Caldecot Hill, Bushey landaulet in blue registered 15 June 16 June 1904; Heath registered AR 498, a 12/14hp 1907; and then a 16hp Vauxhall AR 649 – a 14hp James & Brown Dupressoir on 9 May 1904. He also painted dark blue which was landaulette in dark blue lined in gold had premises at 14 Mortimer Street, registered on 10 June 1909 using and yellow, registered 27 September Marylebone, London and is assumed the number AR 665 from his first 1904; to have been a solicitor or broker. car which, presumably, was scrapped. AR 734 – an 18/20hp Standard The Dupressoir was built in This practice was not uncommon tonneau in red and black, registered Mauberge, France between 1900 in the early days of motor vehicle 15 March 1905; and 1914; it is likely that Mr James’ registration. AR 942 – an 8hp Alldays with car had either a 2¼CV (chevaux) detachable tonneau in green, De Dion engine or a larger 3CV Miss Medina Sara Griffiths registered 25 November 1905; and one built by Aster. (1840-1927) AR 1127 – a 16hp car with a Mutel

Pictures Bushey Museum Archive engine and phaeton body with side Colonel William John Orr of entrance. It was finished in green ‘The Hall, Bushey’ (Bushey Hall?) with white lining. It was registered registered AR 538, a 7hp 2-cylinder on 24 June 1906. Mutel engines Panhard, on 19 June 1904. It had were used by a variety of early car a tonneau body painted red. The manufacturers and the Herts CC Herts CC register shows that AR record has omitted the actual 546 was also issued in error for this builder of this car. car and then cancelled. Colonel Orr sold the car in October 1904. Did Miss Griffiths had retired by 1911 he become disillusioned with it or and was living at Cecil Park, Pinner did he need the money badly? with a female companion and two servants. Edward Hedley Cuthbertson (1888-1975) of Bushey House was In brief, other early owners of born in Clapton, London, early motor cars resident in Bushey educated at Aldenham School and Miss Griffiths pictured at her include the following: was a member of the Stock retirement from Caldecote Towers School in 1906 Exchange by 1908. He practised as Barry Eric Odell Pain (1864- Bourke, Cuthbertson & Co. at 30 1928) was a journalist and poet Throgmorton Street, City. Miss Griffiths was Head Mistress known principally as a writer of of Caldecot(e) Towers boarding parody and lightly humorous stories. By 1906 he was sufficiently well- school for young ladies when it He was living at Hogarth House in off to buy a 30hp Charron limousine opened in 1892. Prior to this she High Street, Bushey (actually on Clay which was registered as AR 1209 on held a similar post at Burlington Hill between ‘Cleveland’ and the 19 October that year. It was finished House School, Heston, . footpath to Little Bushey) when he in dark red but the record shows acquired AR 282. It was a 5hp that it also had a ‘2-seater body in The 1901 Census records 71 Oldsmobile dog cart in black with grey for testing’. This implies that female pupils and four assistant yellow wheels registered 23 January Cuthbertson either was interested mistresses supported by no fewer 1904. He died in Bushey (living in trials or liked to transform the than 26 domestic staff. Gardeners latterly at 69 Bushey Grove Road) limousine into a ‘fun’ car in which he were employed to maintain the and is buried in St. James’ could indulge a taste for excitement. extensive grounds and these churchyard. Whichever was the case, he sold AR included Fred Streeter, later to 1209 on 11 December 1906 after become well-known on BBC radio Cecil John Cokayne Maunsell just two months of ownership. as a gardening expert. (1881-1948) came from a military family and registered his 7hp Perhaps a advertisement Miss Griffiths appears to have Panhard, AR 417, on 22 March 1904 attracted Cuthbertson to the been a keen owner of early motor at Sparrows Herne Hall, Charron as an exciting car? ‘Light, cars and registered her first car (sic). However, Major C J C Maunsell fast, odourless and noiseless, it is of with Herts CC on 16 June 1904 at of the Royal Field Artillery is shown course a Charron’. the age of 64. Since no employee is in censuses as having residential 6 THE JOURNAL OF THE FRIENDS OF BUSHEY MUSEUM

new template Journal summer 2019.indd 6 27/06/2019 14:39 Alfred John How of Lincoln connection with his House, High Road, Bushey Heath professional duties, was a cycle agent who owned AR the images from the 1409, a 9hp Napier tonneau BMT collection show painted black with yellow lining. him with a deter- It was registered by him with Herts mined look on his face CC on 16 September 1907. which may indicate a more enthusiastic Harry Scott Bridgwater of approach to car The Leasowes, Bushey Heath was an ownership. artist and mezzotint engraver who He is pictured with his registered AR 827, an 8hp Cadillac, daughter Peggy in the on 27 May 1905. By the time of the rear yard of Grove 1911 census he had moved to House. Peggy (Eileen Notting Hill, London. Margaret) was born in May 1908 and appears A fee of five shillings having been Ricardo Palmer JP lived at to be about five-years-of-age in the Claybury, 6 Sparrows Herne and pictures which date them to about paid to Herts CC, this man was owned a 20/28hp Spyker landaulette 1913/14. licensed thus ‘to drive a motor-car painted dark green. It was registered The car was therefore about through the roads of the United on 23 July 1905. A Spyker famously four-years-old and seems to have Kingdom at a speed not exceeding appeared in the 1953 filmGenevieve been well looked after. Eileen twenty miles an hour’. The fact was, driven by Kenneth Moore in Margaret Larken (nee Shackleton) however, that the beggar, Samuel competition with John Gregson’s died in 2009 aged 101. Sharp, was blind! Darracq. The early ‘automobilists’ The magazine pointed out that Palmer was a member of the described herein undoubtedly the Act had been ‘rushed through Stock Exchange and was a learned by experience to handle the Parliament by panic-stricken benefactor of St. Peter’s Church. new technology, or employed those motor-phobists. They would have His grandson, Bryan Barrington with more competence to drive sold a licence in the name of a Palmer, was a Lieutenant in the them in style. The period of rapid person with no legs and arms, to RNAS and was killed in a flying growth in numbers of motor vehi- a homicidal maniac, or to anyone accident in 1918. He is buried in cles from 1910 was accompanied of any description over the age of St. James’ churchyard. by a terrible litany of damage, injury seventeen’. It was pointed out that and death occasioned by ‘in France the permit to drive is only issued after proof that the candidate Dr. William Webb incompetence on the part of drivers 7 is competent to drive’. Shackleton BA MD (1868-1935) and the inability of local inhabitants was a physician and surgeon who to appreciate the speed and resided at Grove House, Bushey danger of which these machines It does not seem that records High Street and served the local were capable. of the issue of driving licences by inhabitants for some 42 years. Hertfordshire County Council have He was Medical Officer for the The actions of the legislature to survived from the early years. They Royal Masonic School for Boys. insist upon identities being placed would have made interesting upon motor vehicles i.e. registration reading! On 27 January 1910 he took number plates, was probably delivery of AR 1928, an 8hp De designed more to extract tax Dion 2-seater phaeton in blue with revenues than to promote safe NOTES 1. Doctorates in Law light blue lining throughout. It was operation. As noted above, it was 2. Tonneau (French for cask or barrel) is/was an taxed, as required at the time, for necessary merely to apply for a driv- open rear passenger compartment. A tonneau both private and professional ing licence under the 1903 Act but cover is a hard or soft cover for unoccupied passenger seats or a luggage compartment. business use. Although undoubtedly no demonstration ofcompetence 3. Pronounced ‘broom’ or ‘brohm’. Originally a he valued his car as a useful tool in was required. This was highlighted in light, four-wheeled horse-drawn carriage with an the January 1904 edition of enclosed passenger compartment and a box seat in front for the driver. Adaptation of the style for Motoring Illustrated which motor vehicles was a natural progression espe- applied for a driving licence on cially for the owner who wished to be separated behalf of a blind beggar who from the groom or driver 4. Heinrich Eisenach’s car was named Wartburg habitually sought alms from and was produced under licence from the French passers-by on the bridle path Decauville concern. The Eisenbach company was alongside Watford Junction taken over by BMW in 1928. 5. No references to this make have been station. discovered. 6. Spelling varies with different reference sources. Dr Shackleton with Albert 7. A recent news item covered the release of data Andrews, of Alpine Bushey from the road safety organisation ‘Prevention Garages, who was his chauffeur Routiere’ that there are currently 680,000 and gardener in later years. unlicensed drivers on the French roads!

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new template Journal summer 2019.indd 7 27/06/2019 14:40 Not all incidents were as dangerous. Earlier in the month the circus had been at Dartford. The night watchman was woken at 3:30 Sanger’s Circus am by the sound of breaking glass. Five of the elephants had escaped from the tent where they were hobbled and broken the plate performances from the ladies in- glass window of a baker’s and were Janet Murphy cluding Georgina Sanger, acrobats, a consuming the bread and cakes in tightrope walker and an astonishing the window. Charlie, Edgar, H.R.H. anger’s circus had its origins performance from Ajax the elephant. and Mary were escorted back to the in a peep show operated by circus but Minnie had disappeared. James Sanger, who was also a By the 1870s the circus was She was eventually found asleep in conjurer. His children helped performing for nine months a year, a market garden having consumed a S staying one day only in each locality, in the show and eventually two sons, considerable amount of vegetables. John and George, set up together in where there were two business as conjurers performing at performances at 2:30 pm and 7:30 private parties. In 1848, George met pm. The road train between sites Ellen Chapman whom he had known was said to be two miles long and when they were children. She was a had (according to another lion tamer, with Wombwell’s proprietor, Sir Garrard menagerie, known professionally as Tyrwhitt-Drake) at least ten wagons Madame Pauline de Vere. She may to carry the tent and seating, a lamp have been the lady who wagon, eight or ten living carriages, a accompanied Professor Sanger, the foal wagon, ten wild beast wagons Magician Monarch, who amused the full of lions, tigers, bears and audiences by tricks of ledger main, others, a harness wagon, a portable the inexhaustible decanter etc., at a blacksmith’s forge, property wagons, fair in Worksop, Nottinghamshire in wardrobe and dressing wagons, a November 1850, shortly before they band carriage and at least six great 1 were married at Sheffield. A year tableau cars for the parade. later the brothers decided to start a circus and their first purchase In 1897 George Sanger’s circus was a pony, which was taught to do returned to Watford for the first fortune telling and card picking. In time for four years bringing with it April 1854 Sanger’s small equestrian ten elephants and ostriches. A year circus appeared at Stamford and later the circus was offering six Sanger’s gaudy exhibition was at the exhibitions; three circus rings, two Tombland Fair in Norwich, where menageries and a hippodrome. feats of horsemanship of unrivalled There was what the Watford excellence could be seen. Their Observer described as an exciting assistants were two nieces, a incident: nephew and four apprentices. Expansion was rapid with the The meadow to which the addition of lions and elephants in procession was returning was some 1856. distance from the main streets and approached by a narrow road with a George Sanger was the more ditch close to the entrance. It was here flamboyant of the two brothers and that one of the vans containing lions eventually the partnership was overturned into the ditch causing much dissolved. Although John Sanger consternation to those who were near. died in 1881, the circus was The horses were thrown violently down continued by his sons. into close contact with the bars of the cage which at once sharpened the The circus visited Watford in July appetite of the lions who made every 2 1864 when the endeavour to get at the horses. The circus was back again in 1899 described the procession round the at Water Lane having travelled from town as being of an imposing and Disaster was avoided by forcing Ealing. At 12:30 pm the Grand Street elegant character and of oriental boards alongside the van to Pageant moved off consisting of magnitude. The reporter clearly separate the animals which enabled twenty cages of wild animals; twelve enjoyed himself as he described the the horses to be removed to safety, monster elephants, including H.R.H., performance as the best he had but there was no explanation as to the elephant upon which the Prince ever seen. There were equestrian how they got the van upright again. of Wales made his state journeys in 8 THE JOURNAL OF THE FRIENDS OF BUSHEY MUSEUM

new template Journal summer 2019.indd 8 27/06/2019 14:40 India; South African ostrich farms; pected incidents. First

an aviary of rare and unique birds; into town was the Elephant Queen by Pictures Bushey Museum Archive two herds of camels; two Soudenese man responsible for Lucy Kemp Welch War Dromedaries and over 400 selecting the site horses and ponies. 3 which had to be near a centre of popu- The first performance started at lation, on adequate 2:30 pm in the largest waterproof transport routes marquee ever erected, though it’s and of sufficient size. doubtful there was the audience Then came various of 20,000 that the marquee was agents who made the supposed to able to hold. Highlight arrangements for of the show was the Grand Naval advertising, press and Military Spectacle ‘A realistic coverage and production … of a naval and military provision of food and spectacle entitled “With Kitchener drink for both man to Khartoum”. An unique feature of and beast. When the the spectacle is the construction … smaller John Sanger of twelve gunboats, representing the circus visited St vessels of the Khalifa and the flotilla of Albans in 1892 with the Sirdar, these being exact facsimiles 200 horses, the on a reduced scale, of the boats used horses were said to in the actual conflict. The whole of the have needed three vast arena is … converted into a scene tons of hay, 12 representing the neighbourhood of quarters of oats; two Omderman, and the banks of the Nile, tons of straw; a ton of where the action took place. bran and, for the wild Upwards of 500 persons are engaged animals, 100lbs of in this striking representation, 460 meat and the 230 horses and mules and a herd of staff and performers elephants and camels. 4 consumed 250 loaves of bread. 5

Once the audience had entered the marquee for the second performance, the side shows were closed and packing began and as each piece of apparatus was used they were packed away.

The last of the ‘great spectacles’ was performed in 1901. Another great feature was the In 1903 much of the the granddaughter of both the 100 horses performing in the ring livestock was sold and finally at the original brothers, George and John. at one time. A series of platforms end of the season, George Sanger were erected, rising tier upon tier, sold off the rest of his zoo and This was the circus with which Lucy the apex reaching a height of twelve circus effects. Kemp Welch toured. John died in feet, upon which the horses trotted 1919 and the circus was taken over in opposite directions at the word John Sanger’s circus continued by his brother George. After WWII, of command. Also performing were throughout WWI, the animal ‘stars’ the circus was run by Victoria and ‘Beautiful Lady Equestrians, being elephants and sea lions and by her brother, another George, until Sensational Gymnasts, Daring and the end of the war it was confined 1962 when the circus was wound up Thrilling Mid-air Performers and a to the Tower Circus at Blackpool. after almost 120 years. host of Merry Clowns and Jesters.’ Eventually in 1921 the rebuilt circus NOTES Prices of admission ranged from began touring again. One of the 1.https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/nfca/collections/ 10/6 to 5,000 seats at 6d. stars of the show was James sangercircus 2. Watford Observer 24 September 1898 Such enormous shows required Freeman, known as Pimpo a trapeze 3. Watford Observer 9 September 1899 immaculate organisation and the artist, high wire walker and clown. 4. Derbyshire Courier 14 Oct 1899 capability to deal rapidly with unex- He married Victoria Sanger who was 5. Hertfordshire Advertiser 19 March 1892

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new template Journal summer 2019.indd 9 27/06/2019 14:40 the 1890s, nearly 200 students had made their homes around his school in Bushey, and the village and its Lucy Kemp-Welch inhabitants featured regularly on the walls of the Royal Academy. Initially painting horses was the breath of Herkomer turned away Lucy and Dr Geri Parlby life to her. She didn’t need to keep Edith, advising them to spend more returning to the New Forest to see time practising at home. Three years them as she was born in Victorian later after attending classes at the This a shortened version of which was of course Bournemouth School of Art, they a talk given by Dr Gilby at dependent upon horse power, not had improved enough for him to the Royal Albert just for public and private transport, accept them. Studying with but also in the army, commerce, Herkomer was hard work. From 9 Memorial Museum in Exeter industry, agriculture, mining and am until 3 pm it was painting five in November 2018. forestry too. days a week often in the open air. Then from 7 pm until 9 pm it was All Pictures are from Bushey Museum’s Collection ucy Kemp-Welch was For her 15th birthday Lucy’s life drawing in charcoal and pencil, probably one of England’s mother arranged for her to then on Saturday, head painting only. finest equestrian artists and visit the veterinary surgeon at the L yet most of us will have only Christchurch Hospital for Sick On Friday afternoons, Herkomer heard of her as one of the Horses so she could learn the would review and critique his illustrators of Anna Sewell’s Black anatomy and physiology of horses. students work and he was Beauty. That moment was a turning point in apparently a very harsh critic. It was the young Lucy’s life and horses not unheard of for him to strike Who was Lucy Kemp-Welch? She became her biggest artistic right through a student’s attempt was born in 1869 into a middle-class inspiration. with a brush loaded in paint and at family in Bournemouth, and even as the end of term the students were a young girl her favourite pastime After their father died in 1888, told to make a bonfire of their was rambling in the New Forest Lucy and Edith, by now both worst sketches. with her younger sister Edith, and talented artists, applied to the her amateur naturalist father. There prestigious Herkomer School of Art However, it wasn’t all art and she would sketch all the different at Bushey in Hertfordshire. It was an hard graft, Herkomer also plants, insects and animals extraordinary place founded by an encouraged other pastimes such as discovered on these expeditions equally extraordinary man. Hubert plays, musical evenings and the and it was here that her passion for von Herkomer was born in Bavaria, creation of a student magazine. horses was first ignited along with but brought to England by his her love of art. parents at the age of eight. His One evening when Lucy saw father, a joiner, encouraged the some gypsies driving ponies through Whenever the girls returned young Hubert to study art and he Bushey to the Barnet Fair, she home from the forays in the forest became very successful, exhibiting rushed out to make some sketches. their mother, who was a keen artist, a large number of portraits and She ordered a canvas eight-feet long would ask the girls to draw from landscapes, as well as working as an and began work on a huge painting memory what they had seen on illustrator and mezzotint engraver. of the gypsy horses being driven to their adventures and, as Lucy would One of his most successful works the fair. When she showed the admit later, even this early: drawing was of the Chelsea Pensioners: The unfinished work to Herkomer he came as naturally to me as song to Last Muster: Sunday in the Royal was amazed at her talent. The a bird. Hospital, Chelsea. painting entitled Gypsy Horse Drovers was sold for £60 before it The sisters were schooled at When one of his neighbours in left the easel and was hung at the home until the age of ten. When Bushey, Mr Gibb, asked Herkomer Royal Academy in 1895. It is now in they finally attended the local school to coach a young ward of his, he the collection of the Russell-Cotes their talent for drawing was refused. However, he changed his Art Gallery in Bournemouth discouraged as it was said to mind when Gibb offered to build an interfere with their academic work. art school big enough to Lucy wanted to create the However, outside school, Lucy accommodate 60 pupils if Her- impression with her huge canvases continued to draw specimen beetles komer would run it. that the near-full-sized horses were for her father so by the time she actually galloping out towards the was 14 she had become a highly Herkomer’s ideas about art viewer. To work on this idea she skilled artist with her work being teaching were revolutionary for his travelled to Parkstone Beach near publicly exhibited. day and were a reaction against his Bournemouth where, in 1896, she own experiences. He believed the started work on Foam Horses, in But even then drawing horses principal objective was a search for which white horses literally crested was her great love. She said that the personality of each student. By the waves. The composition allowed

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new template Journal summer 2019.indd 10 27/06/2019 14:40 anything that interested her and claimed that animals she had seen and noted as a child remained visually fresh to her mind even beyond middle age.

She had a 10ft x 5ft canvas transported into the forest, because, like her avant-garde contemporaries in France, she believed in capturing her impression on the spot. The canvas was kept inside a big wooden case with barn-like doors opening out on which she could prop up her sketches when she was working. For three months she went there daily in all weathers until she had the picture finished satisfactorily.

Having practised her technique with Foam Horses, Lucy was able to capture the impression that the horses appeared to be rushing headlong out of the picture directly at the viewer. It was a cinematic idea in the days before technicolour or Panavision and the impact on the picture viewing public was tremendous.

The white horse was the key to the picture and Lucy used her cousin’s New Forest pony, Frisk, as the model. When the work was hung at the Royal Academy in 1897, people stared in disbelief at the enormous canvas with its life-sized Lucy to explore tentatively the rough and fierce for a woman. But horses galloping towards them. Lucy structure of having horses leap out Lucy was determined and they soon became a celebrity overnight, fêted of the frame towards the viewer but realised they had met their match because she was a young woman without having to focus on the finer when she not only kept up with painting an apparently masculine details. Once again the painting won them, but even led them over the subject. a place at the RA and it has been rising ground, through the trees and suggested that on seeing the work thick heather, and over the lush, The Victorian sculptor Sir Francis at the Academy exhibition, Rudyard green grass. Chantrey had left a sum of money Kipling was inspired to write his to be administered by the Royal 1897 poem White Horses. Lucy always insisted that Academy to buy the work of the photography was an anathema to very best artists of the day. The Having begun to master her the artist and rarely worked from National Gallery of British Art technique for portraying full-sized photographs, preferring to sketch better known as the Tate Gallery horses in motion, Lucy then went movement from life and to use after its benefactor Sir Henry Tate, deep into the New Forest to start these sketches as her only ‘notes’. was opened in 1897, the same work creating what would be her But on the occasion of the Colt Hunt year that Lucy finishedColt Hunting Herkomer School graduation there was no time even for these in the New Forest. The Chantrey painting. It was called Colt Hunting brief jottings; she had to observe bequest was allocated to support in the New Forest and showed the and memorise the kaleidoscopic Tate acquisitions and Colt Hunting rounding up of young ponies. scenes instantaneously and later in the New Forest was selected for re-create the chase on canvas, from the award and acquired for £525, To reproduce the drama of the her recollected impressions. making it one of the first works to moment Lucy decided she needed be given to the Tate. to ride with the drovers. At first This process was as she said they refused to let her join them, herself ‘a sort of mental Lucy’s focus had always been fearing the chase would be too photography’. She never forgot on equality in art. She hated being

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new template Journal summer 2019.indd 11 27/06/2019 14:40 relegated to the women’s section in several times so she could sketch over his body. Twenty thousand art exhibitions and was once quoted him and he also lent her pieces of soldiers died during the South as saying: “I think it is really bad uniform; an artist friend who had African campaign and the toll on the that in Art men and women should lived in the Cape advised her on horses was even worse; of almost be separated. Surely Art should be colour and topography. half a million horses sent out, two- considered sexless”. thirds perished mainly due to poor When a London dealer heard horse management rather than Despite having 61 different about the painting he offered to buy battle. Regular cavalry horses were paintings hung at the Royal Academy it before it was even finished on the being replaced with all sorts of and being regularly nominated as a condition that it wouldn’t be shown different breeds from across the member, The Royal Academy itself at the Royal Academy first. Lucy Empire. The long-suffering refused to admit Lucy as a member refused believing that a showing at re-mounts provided Lucy with her solely because she was a woman the Royal Academy would enhance final Boer War subject. and thus a threat to the all-male the prestige of the painting. It did sovereignty. This slight to his indeed enhance the painting’s Lucy’s first personal exhibition of favourite pupil never ceased to reputation, but at the same time sketches and studies was held at the rankle with Herkomer who rated brought some unwelcome publicity. Fine Art Society, Bond Street in May Lucy as his most successful student and June 1905. By this time, Lucy amongst the 700 or so who had In July 1901 a letter appeared in was living in Bushey in a house, now attended his school. Lucy refused to accusing Lucy of gross called Kingsley, facing the church be cowed by this rejection and historical inaccuracy in depicting and pond at the very heart of the continued to paint her epic Winston Churchill at the Relief of village. In 1905, in an attempt to portrayals of horses caught in Ladysmith. But the charge was relieve a chronically ill Herkomer of motion. refuted the next day when Winston some worry and pressure she took Churchill himself wrote to the paper over Bushey Art School. She wasn’t Despite her slight frame, and confirming that Lucy had been particularly interested in running the standing just 5ft 3in tall, Lucy was correct and had had the story and school, however, and employed two not easily daunted by extreme details from Lord Dundonald senior scholars to teach the conditions when she painted in the himself. students while she focused on open air. Painting outdoors helped painting. to inspire Lucy’s use of bold The painting was bought by the colours to model form. She did not Royal Albert Memorial She continued to exhibit her use pencil or charcoal for drawing Museum in 1908 with a grant from work annually at the Royal Academy and was confident enough to make the bequest of Kent Kingdon, an and other exhibitions in London. constant and fairly radical changes Exeter cabinet maker. Lack of space Every year before her exhibition at to her work during the actual led the work to being lent to a the Academy, she would invite her painting process. It has been found nearby army barracks. friends in Bushey to her studio to that tiny particles of sand were Unfortunately, in the intervening preview the pictures she was trapped in the paint on the surface years both the of the painting when she used the painting and the beach as a setting. frame became in dire need of The painting In Sight! Lord conservation. Dundonald’s Dash on Ladysmith, which Thanks to the was recently restored for the Royal generosity of the Albert Memorial Museum in Exeter, supporters of was not without its controversy. Royal Albert A vast canvas measuring 10ft x 5ft, Memorial Museum it was exhibited at the Royal Acad- enough money emy in 1901 and shows Lt.-Gen. was raised for Douglas Cochrane, the 12th Earl of conservation. Dundonald leading the first relief column to reach the besieged town The distress of of Ladysmith, Natal in the Second war can be seen Boer War. clearly in another painting by Lucy In the painting are Capt. William inspired by the Birdwood, Winston Churchill, who Boer War. was a war correspondent for the Morning Post during the Boer War, It depicts a dead Lord Dundonald and Lieut. Cleeves soldier with his flanked by troopers. Lord faithful horse Dundonald had met with Lucy standing guard

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new template Journal summer 2019.indd 12 27/06/2019 14:40 showing that year. A study for The Riders Lucy never courted publicity but thanks to some rare interviews and her own notebooks we have one or two insights into her painting techniques.

She told one interviewer that you can’t understand the colour of a horse unless you get the reflection from the green grass below it. She showed another the journalist an ingenious device which she had invented to help her in painting the head of a horse reflected in a dark pool. A piece of glass lay on a dark cloth and the model of a horse head was tilted over until the her love of wild horses. In 1906, she maverick horse. The scene was lips touched the surface. painted one of her largest canvases inspired by Robert Browning’s For Life which was shown at the poem, The Last Ride Together (1855): Figure painting didn’t come Royal Academy. ‘What if we still ride on we two, naturally to Lucy and Herkomer with love forever old - forever new’. continued to encourage her to It was about this time that Lucy It is a striking composition, and Lucy focus her energy almost entirely on became a good friend of Robert makes a bold feminist statement: horses using very little figure work Baden-Powell, hero of Mafeking and the girl self-sufficient, perceptive and in her painting; advice that Lucy founder of the Boy Scouts. General free, her male companion suppliant. seems to have heeded in much of Baden Powell had met Lucy during a It is probably one of the most her later works and for a while she private view at the Royal Academy feminist of all Lucy’s paintings. also started to concentrate more and they became firm friends. and more on work horses. Often In 1906 he first lent her his horse In 1912 Lucy held another asked why she didn’t paint Black Prince to use as a model. The exhibition of her work at the thoroughbreds, which would have horse had been presented to him Dudley Galleries. She followed this been a more saleable subject, she by the Australians after Mafeking up with another exhibition in 1914 replied that she simply wasn’t and was intended for ceremonial at the Leicester Galleries, where the interested in them. She believed parades. However the 17.5 hand first exhibition of the newly formed they left nothing for the artist to stallion loathed soldiers, and was Society of Animal Painters was held. discover. They were too refined, too terrified by the sound of gunfire and Members included such well-known perfect and to paint them would drums. After several ‘incidents’ on names as Briton Riviere, Frank reduce her to little more than a the parade ground, his future was in Calderon, Herbert Dicksee, Alfred documentarian. Instead, she found doubt. But Lucy was not only able Munnings, H.W.B. Davies and Lionel work horses fascinating, because to calm him but, much to Baden- Edwards. Lucy was elected as the their forms and movements were Powell’s surprise, she could also ride first President; this was a huge, but predicated by the ungovernable: the him. Whilst she looked after Black much deserved accolade and went elements, the landscape, and other Prince Lucy used him as a model in some way to assuage both her and animals. many of her paintings. Herkomer’s disappointment that the Royal Academy refused to admit her. Timber-Hauling in the New Forest A wonderful work called was exhibited at London’s The Riders is now in the Graves Art Not long after the exhibition in Royal Academy in 1904. In order Gallery in Sheffield. Measuring a 1914 Herkomer died at Budleigh to recreate such a powerful scene monumental 8ft x 7ft, it was Salterton - his death was a huge she worked alongside the haulage exhibited at the Royal Academy in blow to Lucy. teams dragging timber. The dynamic 1911. It was painted on the curve into the foreground conveys Yorkshire Moors near Carperby Lucy always had a very clear idea the strenuous demands made upon during August and September 1910 about her private life. “I don’t think horsepower by this activity. with Mrs Colpitts and Arthur any woman who is an artist should Curwen as the models, and Black marry,” she told Black & White Lucy never entirely abandoned Prince as the model for the Magazine back in 1901 “I find my

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new template Journal summer 2019.indd 13 27/06/2019 14:40 work takes up all my time and I have the remaining stock was sold off. An in the officers’ mess. The painting to risk the reputation of rudeness original copy of the poster would was titled Forward the Guns and was by never paying calls.” Her two set you back around £1,000 today. a vast panorama showing the men closest male friends, who had also and horses of the Royal Horse studied with Herkomer, Frank Although Lucy wished to go to Artillery hurtling out of the canvas Richmond Kimborough, better the Front to capture the war horse at full pelt. It was an image that known as Kim, and Arthur Potts, in battle, she was constantly thwart- impressed the might of the gun known as Traddles, had died within ed. She offered her services at horses on the imagination beyond two years of each other in 1902 and Whitehall, contacted The any words and it became the most 1904 and this was probably the Graphic Magazine to become their lauded work at the Royal Academy closest she had ever come to war artist, even enrolled on a first- exhibition of 1917. It was the reconsidering her views on aid course, all in an effort to be second of Lucy’s works to be marriage. allowed to work in the front line, bought by the Chantrey bequest for but she was constantly refused. To the Tate. After the end of the War, In the early part of 1915 Lucy her frustration, Alfred Munnings and the Imperial War Museum was working on a series of Algernon Talmage were recruited approached Lucy with a commission illustrations for a new edition of as Official War Artists while she for a painting to be made of the Black Beauty, Anna Sewell’s had to make do with painting the Russley Park Remount Depot in classic which was to be published Royal Horse Artillery in training on Wiltshire to commemorate the by J.M. Dent & Sons. The plan was Salisbury Plain. Here she had the work of the women who had run it for 24 colour plates and numerous enthusiastic help of the commanding during the War. line drawings. At the same time, a officer, Colonel Yorke – a ‘treasure’ limited larger paper edition with as she described him. The colonel The West Country had always 30 colour plates was to be brought organized his troops to gallop right been a draw for Lucy and, not long out. J.M. Dent’s daughter, Muriel, up as close as they dared to Lucy after the end of the war, she was the model for the girl on the and then to repeat the manoeuvre travelled to Cornwall to produce frontispiece and another plate and, several times. After that she spent a series of paintings of rural life on of course, Black Prince modelled for many days painting the uniforms, the the Lizard; capturing on canvas the Black Beauty. The shorter edition insignia and the individual horses to rapidly disappearing agricultural of Black Beauty has often been produce a work which enshrines for methods of the post war era. reprinted since, but only six ever the dash, bravery and discipline hundred full-sized books were ever of the gun horses of the Great War. The committee of the Empress printed. In 2015 her art was again She even joined the men for meals Ladies Club in Dover Street used in a new edition of the book. decided to subscribe for a panel in the London Royal Exchange as a Lucy asked the famous book tribute to the work done by illustrator, Arthur Rackham, for his women during advice on how to set about her the Great War work and how to handle the and they contract she was under with J.M. commissioned Dent; he was able to help her with Lucy to paint it. his own experience. The work took several years as the Early in the Great War, Lucy was Club also wanted commissioned by a parliamentary a copy made for committee to produce a recruiting themselves. picture. They provided her with Unfortunately, Lucy a sketch made by a young serving was suffering from officer which she turned into an ex- ear problems at the traordinary image of a charging of- time and dizziness was ficer with sword at the ready racing making it difficult for towards the enemy. The artist, and her to work on the fellow Herkomer student, Rowland scaffolding. She was Wheelwright, posed as the rider also becoming and the horse is of course Black increasingly oppressed Prince, rather ironic as he by the responsibility hated gunfire. The War Office of running Herkomer’s provided Lucy with all the School which had now relevant photographs of become the Kemp-Welch uniforms and equipment. The School of Animal Painting. finished poster was known as She became so stressed FORWARD! Forward to Victory and exhausted that she ENLIST NOW and proved to be collapsed while on the so popular that after the war all scaffolding and her doctor

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new template Journal summer 2019.indd 14 27/06/2019 14:40 sent her to Devon to recuperate. The rest, and the news that a former pupil Marguerite Frobisher had offered to step into the breach to help run the school, was the tonic that Lucy needed to get back to work. Marguerite also helped with the painting itself, modelling for several of the figures in it. The panel was finally unveiled by Princess Mary in 1924, completing the series of twenty-four epic paintings by distinguished artists at the Royal Exchange. Lucy’s mural is an extraordinary work of art representing all the chief types of women’s war work. In the back- ground we see the men march, fly and sail into battle, leaving the women to run the country. On the left, a woman in khaki shifts boxes of munitions while two women clerical workers in yellow and red consult a ledger. Behind them, a woman in Launching the Lifeboat arrives at Bushey Museum. nurse’s uniform gazes out to sea It measures an impressive 8ft x 5ft 6in. and, at the highest point of the composition, stands a woman in the competition in Bushey with her Edith had taken care of all the blue uniform of the Voluntary Aid design for a triumphal arch and domestic arrangements so Lucy Detachment with her hands poised float to celebrate George V’s Silver could have time to paint. Living upon a box of munitions which Jubilee. The arch was erected at alone wasn’t an option and so she is being filled by her colleague. In the entrance to the village across decided to invite Margaret front of them, another woman, the High Street and a parade was Frobisher to live with her. The two seated upon a pile of chains, works held in the King’s honour. When women carried on happily in a state a mechanical drill and an agricultural war broke out in 1939, Lucy carried of organised chaos. worker reaches for a spade and a on painting, but travelling from her pickaxe. To the far right, a widow house in Bushey became harder as At the age of 80, Lucy was still sits isolated in grief with her two by now she had become her sister able to exhibit one painting at the children. Edith’s carer. Royal Academy in 1949, though her eyesight was failing. In the summer of 1926, Lucy now in her 50s, closed down the Kemp- During the 1950s she became Welch School of Animal Painting something of a recluse, and died in and embarked on a completely new hospital in Watford in 1958. She left adventure. She ran away and joined the bulk of her property to the Lord John Sanger circus, one Margaret Frobisher, who was of the biggest inter-war circuses in determined to keep the legacy of the 1920s and 1930s. Here Lucy her friend alive. With the led a nomadic life living in caravans, Parochial Church Council she meeting jugglers, acrobats, trapeze endowed the Lucy Kemp-Welch artists as well as elephants, tigers Gallery to Bushey in 1967. and such creatures. She travelled Lucy Kemp-Welch paintings in the with the circus for several seasons Gallery were put in store for safe and expanded her painting She returned one last time to her keeping until Bushey Museum was repertoire to include lions, seals epic panoramas in the extraordinary able to house them in the Lucy and elephants. Most of the paintings Launching the Lifeboat exhibited at Kemp-Welch Gallery in 2007. from this period are much smaller in the RA in 1939. It was a subject A truly fitting memorial to the size, partly because it was difficult to suggested to Lucy by the artist woman who captured the true spirit transport massive canvases around Edward Seago and it depicts the of the horse. in her caravan, but also because this launching of the Isle of Wight type of painting was becoming too lifeboat in September 1937. BIBLIOGRAPHY physically demanding. Messum, David. The life and works of Lucy Kemp- When Edith died in 1941 Lucy Welch. Woodbridge. 1976 Wortley, Lucy. Lucy Kemp-Welch 1869-1958 The In a complete break from found herself living alone for the Spirit of the Horse. Woodbridge. 1996r tradition in 1935 Lucy won a local first time in her life. For decades

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new template Journal summer 2019.indd 15 27/06/2019 14:40 World’s Champion Road Haul from the road to , to be made midway to enable the Ian Read Watford, and Bushey Heath. The motor traffic which had been held task of bringing the generator to up to be cleared away. In this London was entrusted to Messrs. matter the police did exceptionally The discovery of an image in Bushey Bentley (Bradford) Ltd., whose fine work. Then a move was made Museum’s photographic archive slogan is ‘Any Distance, Any Weight’. down the hill to the bridge over the and the chance discovery, whilst River Colne. Here again any anxiety researching other topics, of the At Two Miles per Hour as to whether this structure would following extract from the Watford The monster machine left withstand the extraordinary strain Observer dated 11October 1924 led Witton, Birmingham, at midnight, was removed. Near the Bushey Ian Read to bring the two together. on Friday September 26th, and after Arches, auxiliary brakes were It describes and illustrates the a slow journey at a speed of two attached to the truck containing the haulage of a monster load of, for miles per hour, it left Aylesbury on generator by means of heavy slip that time, the heaviest piece of Monday morning for its progress blocks, this operation being in machinery ever transported on the through Hertfordshire. Drawn by readiness for the climb up Chalk-hill roads. It traversed both Watford and two of the engines it reached Tring and Clay-hill. The third engine was Bushey High Streets and made the about 11.30, and it was hoped that also brought into service. perilous ascent of Chalk Hill and Watford would be sighted before Clay Hill using steam traction. nightfall. This was not accomplished, Climbing Clay-hill and Monday night was spent at The surface of the road had been hat is believed to be . On Tuesday morning well covered with sand, and there the heaviest load that the convoy was astir at an early were thrilling moments for the men has ever been carried hour, and everything went well until in charge and the large crowd of W along any road in the it arrived at Boxmoor. Here a good spectators as the three heavy world passed through Watford (and deal of time was spent getting under traction engines began to tug at Bushey) on Tuesday (6 October a railway arch. The top packing had their respective independent cables, 1924). It consisted of a specially to be removed, and the lorry was at and the trailing procession of designed truck, loaded with a piece last got under with not more than machinery commenced to toil slow- of electrical machinery, which alone an inch or so to spare. Kings ly up the hill, the engines weighed 65 tons, the truck and the Langley was reached at 10.30, and belching forth their volumes of machinery together reaching a total then there was some speculation as smoke, the wire cables groaning weight of 75 tons. The load was to how Hunton Bridge, under the strain, the engines tugged along by two powerful constructed last year by the Herts throbbing and cuffing, the heavy traction engines, but a third engine County Council, would stand the wood slip blocks clattering on the was always at hand to render strain of such a heavy weight roadway, the wheels rumbling and auxiliary assistance in climbing steep passing over it. Any anxiety, however, grating as they found purchase in hills. was removed when the load rode the sand bestrewed roadway. Most safely over it without causing the of the spectators expected at any The iron mammoth is a slightest noticeable vibration, and moment to see the ropes snap , 15,000-kilowatt electrical Mr Fred Bentley intimated to the but at length the summit of Chalk- generator, constructed by the County Council and other officials hill was reached in triumph. It was General Electric Company at that the authorities could now post expected that a halt would now be Witton, near Birmingham, for the up a notice on the bridge that ‘Not made, but this was not so. Marylebone Council’s over one hundred tons’ should pass Continuing its slow but regular Richmond street generating over the structure. Slowly the giant movement, the mechanical station. It could not be carried by column of transport moved towards procession proceeded on to negoti- rail because it was 12 feet wide, and Watford. ate the steeper gradient of Clay-hill, the problem of its conveyance by and this was accomplished without road had to be solved. Selection Arrival at Watford a stoppage, and not until Bushey of the route was no easy matter, At 1.30 the Borough was entered, Heath Church was reached was a on account of the bridges on many and through the lines of spectators halt called. When the load came roads being inadequate to accept on either side of the High-street, to a standstill there were rays of the strain of the load, while and by the market, which was in full satisfaction and contentment upon overhead bridges in many instances swing, the monster slowly wended the faces of the engine drivers and were also found to be constructed its way. In the narrow part of the the crew, for they had successfully too low to allow the truck and its High-street, between the entrance accomplished what had been load to pass under. The selected to the Parish Church and the considered the heaviest task of the route included part of Hertfordshire High-Street Station, a stoppage had whole journey. One of the traction 16 THE JOURNAL OF THE FRIENDS OF BUSHEY MUSEUM

new template Journal summer 2019.indd 16 27/06/2019 14:40 World’s Champion Road Haul

Sixty-Two ton (sic) Generator passes through Watford Too Big To Travel By Rail

engines then returned to Bushey the men, and the reliability of the Corporation), Mr. W. Rankin Arches to bring up the truck machinery. The total weight of the (Surveyor to the County Council containing fuel and the mens’ mess three machines and the load which for the Berkhamsted district), and room. ascended Chalk-hill and Clay-hill Mr. W.J.Baker (Surveyor to the would be round about 140 tons. County Council for the Watford Good Roads in Hertfordshire Whether the public authorities district. Before the return of the third welcomed it or not, they had had engine, Mr Fred Bentley, one of the an exacting test to their road and The passing of the world’s principals of the firm entrusted with bridges, and they had come out with champion road haul over Hunton the transportation, and who had success. Bridge and the Colne Bridge at made the journey all the way from Watford, without any noticeable Witton, had a chat with an Mr Bentley and his crew are to vibration, is regarded as a great ‘Observer’ representative about the be rewarded by the General tribute to the skill and progress they had made. He was Electric Company with a day’s out- workmanship of those responsible very enthusiastic about the ing at Wembley before they return for their designs and construction. Hertfordshire roads over which to Bradford. Their next jobs are to they had travelled, and mentioned take a 40-ton load from Birmingham The engines and their load passed that they were the best encoun- to Bradford, and after that a 50-ton over the Herts and Middlesex tered during the whole journey. He load from Birmingham to boundary about 6 o’clock in the paid a compliment to the officials of Manchester. evening, and the Marylebone the county and other public Generating Station was reached authorities, and also to the police Amongst the public officials in the early hours of Wednesday for the great assistance they had who proceeded along the roads morning . rendered. His greatest anxiety had of Hertfordshire traversed by the been with regard to Clay-hill. The engines and their load, watching the NOTES excellent way in which the hills had progress over the bridges and the 1 The British Empire Exhibition at Wembley ran been negotiated was a triple effect upon the various surfaces of from April 1924 to October 1925. 2 There is no record of the equally perilous compliment to those responsible the highway were Mr D. Waterhouse descent of Hill which presumably passed for the roads, the splendid work of (Surveyor to the Watford without incident!

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new template Journal summer 2019.indd 17 27/06/2019 14:40 The painting gets its tension and dynamic through the triangular surfaces and diagonals. Colours are ‘God’s Shrine’ rendered close to nature and reality. Notable are the red tones on Landsberg and Bushey the Marterl corresponding to those Hartfrid Neunzert, Founder of the Herkomer on the mountain peak. All in all the Museum in . picture represents one of the rare examples of symbolic painting in English version by Allison Fritsche, Cologne. Herkomer’s works and, despite the She is granddaughter from two Herkomer Art Last Muster picture which became School members: H. Scott Bridgwater and famous in 1875, can be seen as an Hester May Prall. early work. Herkomer had in fact monogrammed and dated with “HH 79” right at the bottom and we his describes how the but a part of the Bavarian Alps. Its believe we also know the restorer. powerful painting God’s importance was due to it being a With brush and dark colour he Shrine came to Landsberg. memorial painting for Josephine wrote in addition; “Hbrt [sic!] von The Mutterturm stands in Herkomer who lies buried in the T Herkomer painted considerably Landsberg and was completed in Landsberg cemetery. The then 1879, WHCE”. This can only have 1888. To mark the occasion a owners of the painting had decided been William Holt Yates Titcombe, a hundred years later this gave rise to collect only Düsseldorf painters student of the Herkomer Art School to the first major international as from 1988 and were open to who in the period after 1899, Herkomer Exhibition in Landsberg’s negotiation. An appropriate price possibly only after 1914, touched up Town Hall. The exhibition was then was agreed and the help of various the picture.3 We do not know how to be seen in similar form in Bushey. institutions made it possible to it came to Germany. In Bushey there One important exhibit was God’s purchase the exhibit. is a very fine water colour to this Shrine. During the exhibition in picture which shows how closely Landsberg the painting was offered Hubert Herkomer, the painter, the artist dedicated himself to this on loan by private collectors from later to become so famous and cele- subject. The Marterl corresponds Haan. Hartfrid Neunzert, director brated through his portraits, gave us more with Bavarian objects of of the new municipal museum at the a landscape picture without people. comparison and thereby remains time, and Georg Epple manager A Marterl, a little hut for prayer and nearer to the conditions one can of the Tourist Office seized the remembrance as was common in still meet today in the mountain opportunity to view the painting, Bavaria, dominates the foreground region there. It was only in the oil pack it up, and bring it to Landsberg and gives the painting its name. In painting which was certainly painted in a van.1 As it turned out the front of this Shrine later that the idea - perhaps due to measurements previously given by of God lies a cut-to-size board with the experience of the alpine glow – phone only applied to the actual carved signs which have not as yet comes of putting God’s Shrine in the painting. While this did indeed fit been considered or mentioned in picture in memory of the mother. into the vehicle’s lockable storage any research. One of the boards space, the frame had to be fastened is in the form of Totenbretter – Personally I am glad that, in onto the roof. The long drive took an old type of bier –which poor addition to the large format oil a day and a night, but it was still people put up on their last resting painting which at the moment can possible to integrate the painting places instead of a tombstone. The be seen in Landsberg town hall,4 into the on-going exhibition. scratched marks “J.H./Dec. 24/1879” Bushey also owns a picture that in stand for: Josephine Herkomer, died masterly aquarelle technique shows It shows a landscape in the on Christmas Eve of the year 1879”. almost the same motive which Berchtesgaden countryside with the The artist himself mentioned the most certainly captures the original magnificent Watzmann mountain painting in his memoirs.2 concept. range seen from Ramsau. The picture depicts a ‘Momento mori’ One can interpret the empty and is dedicated as a memorial to path which leads upwards but into NOTES Hubert Herkomer’s mother, the unknown as also symbolic for 1. Georg Epple is mayor of Apfeldorf, a village 20 km south of Landsberg am Lech Josephine, so that it represents a the artist’s way which he had to (at the time of writing) first testimony of the artist’s deep travel alone. The broken down 2. Herkomer, Hubert: The Herkomers, London reverence for his mother who had willow fence to the left and 1910, vol. I, p.220 died in Landsberg on Christmas already rotting boards in front of 3. Poole, Stephen: Stand to your work. Hubert Eve 1879. Five years later, the artist the little shrine give an indication Herkomer and his students, Watford,1983, p. 43 ff. decided to build an atelier tower in of transience. The last light of the 4. The Herkomer premises formerly housed Landsberg and call it the day appears on the mountain top. Landsberg municipality’s local heritage Mutterturm in lasting memory. The Known as Alpenglow, this is one of museum. In 1990 Neunzert installed the painting represents neither nature’s rare and highly impressive first Herkomer Museum there following the Landsberg nor an English landscape, spectacles. opening of the New Stadt Museum in 1987.

18 THE JOURNAL OF THE FRIENDS OF BUSHEY MUSEUM

new template Journal summer 2019.indd 18 27/06/2019 14:40 t is all so different now. A few Very few of us had bicycles, or evenings ago I sat in the garden even access to one. I learned to ride with my knitting and, although on a very old two-wheeler I there are many families living belonging to a neighbour. It had no in the neighbourhood, there was a Out to gears, no real brakes, no pneumatic sound that was missing, the sound tyres, just as matter of peddling hard of children playing together, laughing, and balancing on an uncomfortable squabbling, and obviously enjoying saddle. My pride took a painful themselves. There was the knock when the lack of brakes sent distant hum of traffic, perhaps a Play me hurtling into the back of lawn mower, even an occasional Hooper’s grocery delivery lorry – plane overhead, maybe a burst of sprouts, potatoes, cooking apples, smoky laughter from a barbecue: firewood everywhere, and me in that is all we can expect to hear. Mollie Thomas trouble with the elderly driver. “Just wait till I see your mother,” he Schools had been closed for They were accepted as long as they threatened. some days, but whereas once this were seen as ‘fair’, and certainly had would have meant cheerful noise, no resemblance to the team games We were lucky in having two certainly the joyful sound of bells as played at school and regulated by commons, Stanmore and a steady stream of bicycles chased the teacher’s whistle. We didn’t Wealdstone, and we spent many up and down the lane, but nothing! even have a whistle! hours on them, inventing adventures Where were they all and what were and getting to know nature. Funnily they doing? If Farmer Gregory wasn’t around enough, I can’t remember ever being and the cows had gone to be milked frightened, except when we tried For us in the 1930s, once school we would sneak through the hedge to scare each other. The important set us free, homework was done, into the field in The Rutts beside factor was that we told our parents and tea things washed up and put the Infants School, and the big boys where we were going. away, we couldn’t wait to get out to might let us join in their game. play, even in the winter, even in the They called it Tens, and it had some Overwhelmed as we now are snow and our parents took this for resemblance to baseball. If the with sport on television, radio, granted. We didn’t have to wait for farmer appeared or the cows online, and in the press, I suppose a knock on the door – free time returned we all beat a hasty retreat, we were lucky to be spared such was play time, the other part of feigning innocence and ignorance. an overdose of professionalism. In our lives, and the games we played winter, my Father would sometimes together were seasonal. I suppose Funnily enough, Christmas and take my sister and me to watch we were lucky living on the Heath, Easter were regarded as off-season, Watford play at Vicarage Road, but for there was little traffic after dark, and there was none of the usual for us the big excitement was going and only the odd car as not many playing. Possibly it would have been on the train from High Street people had them in those days. We regarded as naughty and Station to Bushey Station and depended on public transport. disrespectful. watching the steam expresses thunder through. In the summer we A lamp-post stood at the end of On summer evenings many of us would watch cricket being played on our lane, where Orchard Close met had to go and help parents on the Stanmore Common: the big The Rutts, and once the lamplighter allotments in Windmill Lane, which excitement here was the possibility had been round with his ladder and most families had in those days, of getting a penny ice-cream from lit the yellowing gas mantle, we were and where some excellent fruit and the little hut on the ground. ready to play. No doubt the old vegetables were produced, (and man would have been horrified to judged at the Bushey Flower Show Now I am a great-granny, and I see how we tied our skipping ropes on August Bank Holiday,). After you wonder what the future holds for to the lamp: it made a marvellous if had done your share of jobs, you those little ones. Will they enjoy risky maypole. were allowed to go off and play in the same freedom we had, playing the neighbouring wood in Clay Lane with our friends, or will they feel We didn’t have watches, so had to with the others – all the children deprived if they haven’t a screen wait for the appearance of a you knew at school and in village of some sort to watch or interact parent to signal the end of fun for life. Strangely enough we didn’t ever with? I look back on those long ago the evening: not even a verbal play our wood-games in the school days and realise that even my own summons to come indoors because playground. School was school and children, now in their sixties, didn’t it was bedtime. A nod of the head summer evenings were another have the freedom to play which we or a beckoning hand was enough. matter altogether; not that there had at Bushey Heath before the was any animosity – just a tacit Second World War. How lucky we The games we played were decision to keep out two worlds were. invented and adjusted by ourselves. apart.

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new template Journal summer 2019.indd 19 27/06/2019 14:40 Selective Index to the Journal of the Friends of Bushey Museum

Adams Clarke family 7, 12-3 Coronation celebrations Laundries 2, 9 Ashfield School1, 3; 2, 2-3; 8, 20; Edward VII 4, 14 Law, Eileen and Beatrice 14, 6-9 14, 20 Elizabeth II 4, 2-4 Lipton, Thomas 11, 2-3 Attenborough family 2, 7-8 Crime 8, 13-4; 10, 14-5 Longman, Grant 9, 4-6 Benskins 8, 5 Cycle Speedway 10, 8-9 London and South Western Bank 7, 2-3 9, 2-3 Dixey Family 12, 2-3 Lululaund 1, 7-8; 10 Bouchier, Arthur 4, 12 Aerodrome 5, 3 Lynleigh 7, 7-8 Bournemead, 6, 14 Evacuees 14, 6-9 Machin G D 6, 19 Brooke, Amy 12, 10-11 Evans, Lilford 10 Manor House 3, 9-10 Burchell-Herne family 2, 16 Field & Hemley Ltd 3, 8-9 Memories of Bushey in the 30s and 40s Burnt Farm 3, 4 Film Studios 2, 10 1, 3-6 Bus Services 11, 12-4; 12, 12-3 Flint Hall 8, 15 Monumental Inscriptions 10 Bushey Fowler family 6, 5-6 Mostyn, Tom Edwin 2, 13 A Bushey childhood (1890s) 8, 16-7 Friends of Bushey Museum Motor Cars 16, 2-7 Bushey characters 9, 10-1; 10, 15 Holiday 2004 5, 8-9 Music 9, 16 Crested china 10, 12-3 Millennium Embroidery 1, 1-2 Choral singing 10 In 1946-7 7, 6 20th anniversary 6, 2-4 Nelson’s Sword 4, 4 In the 30s and 40s 1, 3-6 Fuchs, Edgar Charles 13, 18-20 North & Sons Ltd 8, 18 In the 40s and 50s 5, 14-5, 17 Fuchs, Emil 8, 19-20 Population trends 9, 12-3 Manor of 13, 14-6 Gardens Proclamation (1952) 15, 20 Scouting 15, 6-7 Lost gardens 7, 9-11 Queen Victoria 8, 19-20 Sport 14, 12-4 Rose Garden 7, 14-5 R C Tween Ltd 4, 6-7 Sportsmen 13, 10-11 Godsal, Mary 5, 12-3 River Thames 11, 15 World War II (flying bomb)12, 18 Green, Johnnie Bean 10 Reveley Lodge 4, 16 Bushey & Men’s Branch Toc H Green Line Coach Services 3, 11-3 Rosedale 6, 8-9 13, 18-20 Grove Cottage 6, 18 Royal Masonic School 4, 8-9 Bushey Co-op 2, 9 Grove House 7, 12-3; 8, 2-4 Sanger’s Circus 16, 18-9 Bushey Darby and Joan Club 8, 8 Haydon Hill House 2, 7-8 Schools Bushey Fire Brigade 12, 14-5 Herkomer 3, 15-6; 5, 12-3; 6, 15-7; Ashfield School1, 3; 2, 2-3; 8, 20; Bushey Flower Show 2, 5-6 8, 19-20; 9, 13-4; 10, 2-3; 12, 4-8; 13, 14, 20 Bushey Grammar School 2, 2 16-7 Bushey Grammar School 2, 2 Bushey Grange 2, 16 Herkomer family 5, 14-5; 16, 18 Caldecote Towers 9, 7-8 Bushey Grange Farm 5, 19; 6, 7 Herkomer Road 14, 16-9 Ivy House School 15, 20 Bushey Grove Apple 14, 10-11 Herkomeriana 5, 10-1 Lynleigh 7, 7-8 Bushey Hall 8, 6-7; 13, 20 Herkomer’s Art School 2, 14-5; 5, 16-7; Royal Masonic School 4, 8-9 Bushey Heath 13, 2-4; 14, 2-4 Watford Technical High School 2, 3 Children’s Convalescent Home 10, Hertfordshire Association for Local Scott’s sledgemeter 8, 18 4-6 History 3, 6 Shackleton family 7, 12-3; 8, 2-4 Christmas Remembered 12, 16-8 Hobcob 9, 14-5 Sloane, Mary Annie 14, 2-5; 15, 2-5 Early Days (1930s) 11, 4-6 Houses Snare, Robert 10 In the 20s and 30s 10, 10-1 Bournemead, 6, 14 Sparrow’s Herne Hall 5, 4-6 In the 30s 13, 4-7 Bushey Grange 2, 16 Spider’s Web 3, 3; 4, 15; 7, 8 Playtime 16, 19 Bushey Hall 8, 6-7 St James’ Wayfarers 5, 13 Theatrical performances 15, 12-3 Caldecote Towers 9, 7-8 St James’ Church Youth Club 12, 8-9 World War I 12, 10-11 Flint Hall 8, 15 Swimming bath 7, 16 World War II 11, 6-8 Grove Cottage 6, 18 Syddall, Joseph 15, 8-9 Bushey Heath Clinic 5, 10-1 Grove House 7, 12-3; 8, 2-4 Van, Gogh 3, 15-6 Bushey Museum Haydon Hill House 2, 7-8 The Warren, 6, 8-9 Art Collection 6, 10-3 Howton, 4, 10-1 Watford Technical High School 2, 3 Chairman’s year 4, 5 Lululaund 1, 7-8 Wheelwright, Amy 9, 11 Costume collection 3, 5 Manor House 3, 9-10 Wheelwright family; 8, 2-4 Education services 1, 12; 4, 5, 7 Reveley Lodge 4, 16 White, Dennis 6, 7 History 11, 10-1 Rosedale 6, 8-9 Wood, Bryen 8, 10-2 Local Studies Centre 3, 7 Sparrow’s Herne Hall 5, 4-6 World War I Museum Officer2, 11 The Warren, 6, 8-9 Bushey Hall – officer training9, 14-5 School visits 4, 5, 7 Howton, 4, 10-1 War Memorial 4, 13-4 Work experience 7, 4-6 Ivy House School 15, 20 World War II Bushey Scouts 2, 4-5 Jersey cows 6, 5-6 Anti-aircraft units 1, 8-9 The Bushey Story’ 1, 2 Jewish Cemetery 3, 2-3 Green Line Coach Services 3, 11-3 Bushey Woodcraft Folk 5, 2 Jewish Community 11, 9; 12, 19 Lysander Aircraft 5, 3 Caldecote Towers 9, 7-8 Kemp-Welch, Lucy 16, 10-5 Recollections 2, 12-3 Carr, Emily 15, 14-8 King George Recreation Ground 5, 7 WAAF 9, 2-3 Chewett, Albert Rainey 13, 2-4 Swimming bath 7, 16 Women’s Land Army 1939-50 Chewett, William 15, 10-2 Konkurrenz motor rally 13, 16-7; 1, 10-1 Coldstream, William 1, 8-9 15, 18-9; 16, 4

X THE JOURNAL OF THE FRIENDS OF BUSHEY MUSEUM

new template Journal summer 2019.indd 20 27/06/2019 14:40