Guiding Principles in an Evolving Research Publishing Landscape

Deborah Wyatt VP, Society Research Publishing, Asia-Pacific, Wiley Member, Scholarly and Journals Committee, Australian Publishers Association

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 Two Questions

• What are the Trends Shaping this Evolving Research Landscape?

• What is the Publisher’s Role in Transparency?

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 Current Trends in an Evolving Landscape

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 Current Trends in an Evolving Landscape

• Changing expectations • Increase in published research. • Rates of global collaboration. • Drive towards transparency and openness.

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 Changing Expectations

What do researchers expect?

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 Trends in Media Consumption

2,156 participants who have read or used scientific or scholarly research in the past 12 months

Geographic distribution Work Setting Age distribution

Central Asia University or College 57% Prefer not to APAC 51-60, 17% 10% Over 60, 10% answer, 1% 18% I am a student 20% Research Institute 19%

Hospital/Clinic 18% Europe Government 12% 26% Americas Corporation 10% 41-50, 20% Under 30, 14% 23% Not-for-profit 8%

Medical School 7% Middle East I am not currently employed United 6% 2% States Other 17% Africa 7% 9% 31-40, 29% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 What do Researchers Expect?

• To read, search and collaborate online • To identify content that is credible and relevant • Immediate, easy access to research and research data online • Immediate, easy access to information, tools and guidelines • To share and discuss published work online • Good service: responsive Editors and publishers

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 8

Growth of Published Research

Rates of growth in published research

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 2. Global Publication of Research

437,265 444,828 439,794 450,000 428,518 US 417,931 402,717 400,000 387,185 368,975 Growth Rate 349,655 China Country 350,000 (CAGR) 318,795 294,799 United States 2.5% 300,000 China 13.5% 263,043 United Kingdom 3.7% 250,000 228,213 Japan 1.2% India 8.2% 194,106 Canada 3.2% 200,000 167,603 Australia 6.8% 143,685 South Korea 5.0% 150,000 129,109 134,459 134,653 UK WoS Average 4.1% 114,997 121,858 122,582 104,078 109,428 Japan 100,000 India Canada 50,000 Australia S Korea

- Unit = Web of Science citable item 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Source: Clarivate Analytics Web of Science

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 2. Global Publication of Research

90,000 84,286 84,626 Japan 83,446 82,745 85,000 81,788 82,653 84,406 80,508 83,518 India Growth Rate 80,000 77,851 79,924 Country (CAGR) 75,412 75,317 Canada 75,000 74,446 74,041 United States 2.5% China 13.5% 71,469 71,707 71,554 Australia 70,000 69,644 69,315 United Kingdom 3.7% Japan 1.2% 66,769 66,242 65,000 64,646 India 8.2% 63,078 Canada 3.2% 60,000 60,261 60,547 63,202 Australia 6.8% 58,969 61,487 61,992 S Korea South Korea 5.0% 58,228 WoS Average 4.1% 55,000 54,171 54,510 55,261 50,000 49,946 52,614 48,209 45,000 45,078 48,157 Unit = Web of Science citable item Source: Clarivate Analytics Web of Science 43,945 40,000 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 Globalization and Global Collaboration

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 Global Collaboration: Authorship

Percentage of articles with overseas co-author(s) 2017

61% 57 55 40 33 30 28 23

United Australia Canada United Japan South China India Kingdom States Korea

Source: Clarivate Analytics WoS, Wiley EBAC

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 Global Collaboration: Authorship

70% +13.9% +14.2% 60% +10.8%

2010 2017

author - 50% +10.0%

40% +6.4% +4.1% +1.9% 30% +3.0%

20%

10% Share of output with international co international withoutput of Share

0% United Kingdom Australia Canada United States Japan South Korea China India

Source: Clarivate Analytics WoS, Wiley EBAC

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 Global Collaboration: Authorship

2010 2017 45,100 Articles 71,500 Articles

57.4% 42.6% 43.2% 56.8%

19,400 Articles 41,100 Articles

Source: Clarivate Analytics WoS, Wiley EBAC

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 Drive Towards Transparency

Developments in Open Science

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 Open Science

This Open Science revolution is being driven by new, digital tools for scientific collaboration, experiments and analysis and which make scientific knowledge more easily accessible by professionals and the general public, anywhere, at any time.

European Commission

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 Open Science

https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/themes/fosterstrap/images/taxonomies/os_taxonomy.png COPE Australian Seminar 2018 Open Science

FAIR data:

Findable Accessible Interoperable Re-usable

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 Current Trends in an Evolving Landscape

Researchers expect immediate access to content online There is vastly more published research than ever before. Research is global: and rates of global collaboration are growing.

These features, and others, fuel the drive towards transparency and openness.

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 The Publishers’ Role in Transparency

Listen to the Research Community Work Together on Solutions: • Collaborate • Set Standards and Policies • Continuously Improve Infrastructure, Processes and Products • Consider Incentives and Recognition

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 Listen to the Research Community

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 Scientists Perceive a Reproducibility Crisis

IS THERE A REPRODUCIBILITY CRISIS?

7% 52% Don’t know Yes, a significant crisis 3% No, there is no crisis

1,576 researchers surveyed 38% Yes, a slight crisis

Chart redrawn from Nature http://www.nature.com/news/1-500- scientists-lift-the-lid-on-reproducibility-1.19970

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 http://www.nature.com/news/1-500-scientists-lift-the-lid-on-reproducibility-1.19970 Early Career Researchers Worry about Bias

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 Dissatisfaction with Peer Review

Overall, how satisfied are you with the peer review system used by scholarly journals?

Don't know Very 1% dissatisfied Very Satisfied 8% 1% The community #bioPeerReview wants a better Satisfied 26% solution

Dissatisfied 37% Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied 27%

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 Work Together on Solutions

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 Transparency

Reproducibility of research can be improved by increasing transparency of the research process and products

PSA… You can listen to Brian talking about Brian Nosek and colleagues. Guidelines for reproducibility and Open Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) Science on the in Journal Policies and Practices “The TOP Wiley Society Podcast! Guidelines” https://osf.io/ud578/

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 TOP Guidelines

1. Citations (data, code, materials) 2. Data 3. Analytic methods 4. Materials 5. Design and analysis 6. Preregistration of studies 7. Preregistration of analyses 8. Replication

Nosek, Alter, Banks et al. Science. Promoting an open research culture. 348;6242:1422-1425. DOI: 10.1126/science.aab2374. http://science.sciencemag.org/content/348/6242/1422

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 Cross-Publisher Collaboration

The Australian Publishers Association’s Scholarly & Journals Committee (SJC) represents its members in matters of local importance where there is a need for group representation, debate and input from the perspectives of scholarly and journals publishers.

Its primary objectives are to: • Actively encourage participation from scholarly publishers based in Australia • Share expertise and knowledge • Encourage information exchange • Engage with stakeholders in the scholarly and journals arena

Scholarly publishers have a strong track record of embracing new technologies and publishing models. The SJC is committed to continuing to meeting the needs of the academic and research communities in Australia.

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 Standards, Guidelines and Policies

Common Standards for Open Data

Best Practice for Publication Ethics

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 Cross-Publisher Infrastructure

• Reference linking • Similarity checking • Content registration • Metadata delivery • Version of Record

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 Registered Reports

Peer review prior to data collection emphasizes the importance of the research question and the methods. High- quality studies are provisionally accepted.

This eliminates questionable research practices, including low statistical power, selective reporting, and publication bias.

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 Transparent Peer Review

https://youtu.be/6iFa3AOOOmA EMBO Journal

“All-in-all, we consider that we have successfully and smoothly moved into a transparent review process, we have received only encouragement and support and we urge other journals to join the ever-increasing number of journals truly committed to transparency in science.” COPE Australian Seminar 2018 Better Peer Review?

A 40-plus-page manuscript with: • 5 essential areas – Integrity, Ethics, Fairness, Usefulness, Timeliness • Literature review and discussion, 40 case studies • Recommendations • 1 self-assessment checklist with better practice standards for each essential area, around 60 questions that journal teams might use in self-assessment 

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 Consider Incentives and Recognition

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 Validation and Disambiguation

Unique and persistent identifier that distinguishes a researcher from every other researcher, and connects that researcher to their research activities.

Why?

• Disambiguation • Attribution, recognition and credit • Funder compliance

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 Recognising Open Practice

Open Science Badges from Center for Open Science help us encourage authors to publish research with us that’s more transparent.

With badges we celebrate authors who take advantage of the new transparent choices our journals offer them, like data sharing and citation and Registered Reports.

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 Credit and Training for Peer Review

Should a researcher’s peer reviewing Researchers are adequately activity be taken into consideration trained in how to perform when they are evaluated for grants, If a student or postdoc effective peer review. jobs or promotions? participates in peer Strongly agree Agree review, should they be identified as a peer Neutral Disagree #bioPeerReview Don't reviewer to the editor? Strongly disagree Don't know know 1% 3% No 11% 9% Don't know 15% 9% No 7% 5% 19%

Yes 80% 53% Yes 88%

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 Publons Makes Peer Review Rewardable

Wiley reviewers When researchers review for participating journals they can opt-in to get credit on Publons. 114,552+ Researchers can then claim their reviews. Wiley reviews By default, the content of reviews is not publicly 507,029+ displayed on Publons.

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 Guiding Principles in an Evolving Landscape

Focus on rigour, quality, ethics and integrity.

Listen, and deeply understand what motivates the communities that we serve .

Emphasise collaboration in all that we do.

COPE Australian Seminar 2018 Guiding Principles in an Evolving Research Publishing Landscape

Thank you

COPE Australian Seminar 2018